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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20429

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20202021

Or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                  to                  

Commission File Number: 000-55983

GraphicGraphic

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania

83-1561918

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355

(Address of principal executive offices)     (Zip Code)

(484) 568-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, par value $1 per share

MRBK

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  

Accelerated filer  

Non-accelerated filer  

Smaller reporting company  

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 USC. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  No

The approximate aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant is $86,053,850$143,633,306 as of June 30, 20202021 based upon the last sales price in which our common stock was quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30, 2020.2021.

As of March 25, 202111, 2022 there were 6,167,6956,129,216 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement, to be filed with the Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 20202021 in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

MERIDIAN CORPORATION

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20202021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PART I

1

Item 1.

Business

12

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

1716

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

3029

Item 2.

Properties

3029

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

30

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

3130

PART II

3130

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

3130

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

32

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

33

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

4748

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

5051

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

103104

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

103104

Item 9B.

Other Information

104105

PART III

104105

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

104105

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

104105

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

104105

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

104105

Item 14.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

104105

PART IV

105106

Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

105106

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

106107

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PART I

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Meridian Corporation (the “Corporation” or “Meridian”) may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Meridian Corporation’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “will”, “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project”, or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-lookingForward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Meridian Corporation’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological factors, risks and uncertainties including, without limitation: the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic and government responses thereto, on the U.S. economy, including the markets in which we operate; actions that we and our customers take in response to these factors and the effects such actions have on our operations, products, services and customer relationships; and the risk that the Small Business Administration may not fund some or all Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan guaranties, among others, could cause Meridian Corporation’s financial performanceactual results to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressedthose in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. statements include, but are not limited to:

-

Local, regional, national and international economic conditions and the impact they may have on us and our customers and our assessment of that impact.

-

Volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets.

- Government intervention in the U.S. financial system.

-

Changes in the mix of loan geographies, sectors and types or the level of non-performing assets and charge-offs.

-

Changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.

-

The effects of and changes in trade and monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board.

-

Inflation, interest rate, securities market and monetary fluctuations.

-

The effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities and insurance) with which we and our subsidiaries must comply.

- Impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets.

-

Acts of God or of war or terrorism.

-

Changes in consumer spending, borrowings and savings habits.

-

Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers.

-

Technological changes.

-

The cost and effects of cyber incidents or other failures, interruption or security breaches of our systems or those of third-party providers.

-

Acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses.

-

Our ability to increase market share and control expenses.

-

Our ability to attract and retain qualified employees.

-

Changes in the competitive environment in our markets and among banking organizations and other financial service providers.

-

The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard setters.

- Changes in the reliability of our vendors, internal control systems or information systems.

- Changes in our liquidity position.

- Changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans.

- The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and any other pandemic, epidemic or health-related crisis.

-

The costs and effects of legal and regulatory developments, the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, the results of regulatory examinations or reviews and the ability to obtain required regulatory approvals.

- Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new products and lines of business.

- Our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.

Meridian Corporation cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events.

All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Meridian Corporation’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including ourthis Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20192021 and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide

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information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Meridian Corporation does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Meridian Corporation or by or on behalf of Meridian Bank.Bank, except as may be required under applicable laws.

Item 1. Business

General

Meridian Corporation is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Meridian Bank (the “Bank”), a full-service, state-chartered commercial bank with offices in the Delaware Valley tri-state market, which includes Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, as well as in addition to Maryland.the Central Maryland market.  We have a financial services business model with significant non-interest income streams from mortgage lending, small business (“SBA”) lending and wealth management services. We provide services to small and middle market businesses, professionals and retail customers throughout our market area. We have a modern, progressive, consultative approach to creating innovative solutions for our customers. We are technology driven, with a culture that incorporates significant use of customer preferred alternative delivery channels, such as mobile banking, remote deposit capture and bank-to-bank ACH. Our ‘Meridian everywhere’ philosophy of community presence, along with our strategic business footprint, allows us to provide the high degree of service, convenience and products our customers need to achieve their financial objectives.  We provide this service through three principal business line distribution channels, described further below.

Corporate Structure and Business Lines

The Corporation is the parent to the Bank.  The Bank is the parent to four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Meridian Land Settlement Services, LLC, which provides title insurance services; Apex Realty, LLC, a real estate holding company;  Meridian Wealth Partners, LLC, a registered investment advisory firm, (“Meridian Wealth”); and Meridian Equipment Finance, LLC, an equipment leasing company. With these subsidiaries, the Corporation is organized into the following three lines of business.

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Commercial Banking

The first line of business is our traditional banking operations, serving both commercial and consumer customers via deposits and treasury management, commercial and industrial lending and leasing, commercial real estate lending, small business lending, consumer and home equity lending, private banking, merchant services, and title and land settlement services.

We have a strong credit culture that promotes diversity of lending products with a focus on commercial businesses. We have no particular credit concentration. Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry.

Our commercial and industrial lending department supports our small business and middle market borrowers with a comprehensive selection of loan products including financing solutions for wholesalers, manufacturers, distributors, service providers, importers and exporters, among others. Our portfolio includes business lines of credit, term loans, small business lending (“SBA”), lease financing and shared national credits (“SNCs”).

Our SBA team and their alliances with local economic development councils provide SBA 504 and other7(a) financing options to help grow local businesses, create and retain jobs and stimulate our local economy. In addition, Meridian understands that connections with the local professional industries benefit us, not only with these individuals as customers or investors, but also given the proven potential for business referrals.

The commercial real estate division offers permanent/amortizing loans,permanent financing for owner-occupied commercial real estate loans and land development and construction loans for residential and commercial projects. Our approach is to apply disciplined and integrated standards to underwriting, credit and portfolio management.  The extensive backgrounds of our commercial real

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estate lending team, not only in banking, but also directly in the builder/developer fields, bring a unique perspective and ability to communicate and consider all elements of a project and related risk from the clients’ viewpoint as well as ours.

Mortgage Banking

The second line of business is mortgage banking. Our mortgage consultants guide our clients through the complex process of obtaining a loan to meet individual specificconsumer needs. Originations consist of consumer for-sale mortgage lending,loans, loans to be held within our portfolio, and wholesale mortgage lending services.loans. Clients include homeowners and smaller scale investors. The mortgage division operates and originates mortgage loans in the Delaware Valley tri-state market, in addition to theand Maryland markets, most typically for 1-4 family dwellings, with the intention of selling substantially all of these loans in the secondary market to qualified investors, while retaining the servicing rights on these loans. Mortgages are originated through sales and marketing initiatives, as well as realtor, builder, bank, advertising and customer referral resources. The mortgage division performs origination, processing, underwriting, closing and post-closing functions both from our Blue Bell mortgage headquarters with 8 other production/processing offices in the Delaware Valley tri-state market, and from Maryland through our expanded footprint of 7 other production/processing offices in the state starting in early 2020.state.

Wealth Management and Advisory Services

Meridian Wealth, a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. Such clients include professionals, higher net worth individuals, companies seeking to provide benefits plans for their employees, and more. Acquiring and sustaining wealth is a gradual progression, one that requires a considerable amount of thought and planning. Our process takes a comprehensive approach to financial planning and encompasses all aspects of retirement, with an emphasis on sustainability. Meridian Wealth offers a significant enhancement to both our capacity and the variety of tools we can use to help bring effective financial planning and wealth management services to a broad segment of customers.

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Market Area

Meridian is headquartered in Malvern, PA and has six full-service branches.branches in Philadelphia and surrounding counties. Its main branch, in Paoli, serves the Main Line. The West Chester and Media branches serve Chester and Delaware counties, respectively, while the Doylestown and Blue Bell branches serve Bucks and Montgomery counties, respectively. Our sixth branch is in Philadelphia. These branches provide “Relationship Hubs” for our regional lending groups and allow Meridian to proceed in its plan for serving markets in each of the central (at or near the county seat) townships of the counties in and surrounding Philadelphia.

In addition to our deposit taking branches, there are currently 1719 other locations, including Corporate headquarters, that serve as loan production offices primarily for Corporate, andour mortgage division.  These offices extend from the Wealth Division and the Mortgage Divisions.Philadelphia market area to Central Maryland.

Demographic information for the five county Philadelphia metropolitan area (Philadelphia County, Chester County, Delaware County, Montgomery County, Bucks County) shows our primary market to be stable, with moderate population growth. According to the U.S. Census Bureau – Quick Facts 2015 – 2019,2020, the median household income in thethis area is $80,261 compared to the national average of $62,843. Unemployment$62,843, while the total population in this market was 4,218,131.  Demographic information for the five county PhiladelphiaBaltimore metropolitan area (Baltimore County, Howard County, Montgomery County, Anne Arundel County, Prince George’s County) also shows that this secondary market is stable. According to the U.S. Census Bureau – 2020, the median household income in the Baltimore metropolitan area is 6.2%,$98,513 compared to the national average of 6.7%, according to$62,843, while the Bureautotal population in this market was 3,804,375.

United States

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Population (1)

308,449,281

13,002,700

6,177,224

Median household income (1)

$ 62,843

$ 61,744

$ 84,805

Unemployment rate (2)

3.9%

4.0%

4.0%

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Table of Labor Statistics for November 2020.  Contents

Philadelphia Metropolitan Area Counties

Bucks County

Montgomery County

Delaware County

Chester County

Philadelphia County

Total

Population (1)

646,538

856,553

576,830

534,413

1,603,797

4,218,131

Median household income (1)

$ 89,139

$ 91,546

$ 74,477

$ 100,214

$ 45,927

$ 80,261

Unemployment rate (2)

3.3%

3.0%

3.9%

2.5%

5.8%

Baltimore Metropolitan Area Counties

Howard County

Montgomery County

Anne Arundel County

Prince George's County

Baltimore County

Total

Population (1)

332,317

1,062,061

588,261

967,201

854,535

3,804,375

Median household income (1)

$ 121,160

$ 108,820

$ 100,798

$ 84,920

$ 76,866

$ 98,513

Unemployment rate (2)

3.0%

3.6%

3.3%

5.0%

3.9%

(1)– Source: U.S. Census Data – 2020
(2)– Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – December 2021

Competition

Overall, the banking business in the suburban Philadelphiaour market area is highly competitive.  Meridian Bank faces substantial competition both in attracting deposits and in originating loans.  Meridian Bank competes with local, regional and national commercial banks, savings banks, and savings and loan associations.  Other competitors include non-bank fintech and finance companies, money market mutual funds, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, stocksecurities brokerage firms, regulated small loan companies, credit unions, and issuers of commercial paper and other securities.

Meridian Bank seeks to compete for business principally on the basis of high quality, personal service to customers, customer access to our decision-makers, and customer preferred electronic delivery channels while providing an attractive banking platform and competitive interest rates and fees.

Human Capital Resources

At December 31, 2020,2021, we employed 381413 individuals, nearly all of whom are full-time.full-time and of which 48% are women.  Women make up 32% of all officers throughout the Meridian organization.  None of these employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and the CorporationMeridian believes it enjoys good relations with its personnel. In December of 2020, the Bank was named by the Independent Community Bankers of American (“ICBA”) as one of their ‘Best Community Banks to Work For’ in 2020..  As an integrated full-service financial institution, approximately 41%36% of our employees are employed through our banking segment, 56%62% through our mortgage segment, and 3%2% for our wealth segment. We encourage and support the development

The safety of our employees has been our top priority over the last two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A portion of our workforce continues to work remotely and whenever possible, strivewe have occasionally closed lobbies to fill vacanciesappointment-only during times of heightened transmission of COVID-19 to protect the health of our employees. We will continue to follow all of the appropriate guidance and engage our staff members as needed to deal with new challenges.

Meridian is committed to giving back to our communities. In 2021 we donated $486 thousand to nearly 100 organizations throughout the various communities that we serve in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. Meridian also sponsors individual / group service days and provides time off to employees to participate.

In order to compete effectively and continue to provide excellent service to our clients, we must attract, retain, and motivate qualified professionals. During the hiring process Meridian looks to bring onboard well-qualified individuals, without bias to race or gender. As we are currently in a very competitive hiring market, we utilize various methods to find well-qualified talent including third party search firms, social media, internal candidates.candidates already in our organization and on campus recruiting at local universities.

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During 2021 we hired 84 professionals, 46% of which were women, and 21% of which were ethnically diverse.  For 2021 our turnover rate was approximately 1.5%, which makes our overall retention rate very high compared to peers. We believe our culture, our effort to maintain a meritocracy in terms of opportunity and our continued evolution and growth contribute to our success in attracting and retaining strong talent.

Our benefits are designed to attract and retain employees by providing employees and their families with health and wellness programs (medical, dental, vision), retirement wealth accumulation, paid time off, income replacement (paid sick and disability leaves and life insurance) and family oriented benefits (parental leaves and child care assistance).

We aim to continually build on the expertise of our workforce. At entry levels, we have implemented trainee and internship programs.  During 2021 Meridian invested throughout the organization in terms of in-house and external training programs to help our employees develop leadership skills, stay current on professional development topic in their area of focus, as well as to keep up to date on cybersecurity, and risk & compliance matters that impact the organization overall.

Our Current Capital Stock Structure

As of December 31, 20202021 Meridian had 6,135,5666,534,587 shares of common stock, $1 par value, issued and 6,107,894 shares outstanding. There is no preferred stock outstanding.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). An emerging growth company may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As an emerging growth company,

we may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations;
we are permitted to provide less extensive disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements; and
we are not required to give our shareholders non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements.

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We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosure requirements and other relief described above and may take advantage of these exemptions for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1,070,000,000 or more, (ii)December 31, 2022, the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt and (iv) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our equity securities that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that year.offering.

In addition to scaled disclosure and the other relief described above, the JOBS Act permits us an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included herein, as well as any financial statements that we file in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for the transition period for so long as we remain an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act. If we do so, we will prominently disclose this decision in the first periodic report following our decision, and such decision is irrevocable.

Information about Meridian

Our executive offices are located at 9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, PA 19355 and our telephone number is (484) 568-5000. Our Internet website is www.meridianbanker.com.www.meridianbanker.com and our investor relations page can be found at investor.meridianbanker.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments thereto, from November 7, 2017 through August 18, 2018 have been filed with the FDIC. Since August 19, 2018, all reports on Form 8-K, and Form 10-Q along with this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been filed with the SEC.  Also on our website are our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee Charters. The information contained in our website or in any websites linked by our website, is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  The Corporation’s filings with the SEC can also be accessed at the SEC’s internet website:  http://www.sec.gov.

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Investors can obtain copies of Meridian’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, on Meridian’s website (accessible under “Investor Relations” – “SEC Filings”) as soon as reasonably practicable after Meridian has filed such materials with, or furnished them to, the SEC.  Meridian will also furnish a paper copy of such filings free of charge upon request.

We also file reportsReports of ourthe Bank’s condition and income, known as “Call Reports,” are filed with the FDIC and the Parent Company Only Financial Statement for Small Holding Companies known as the “FR Y-9SP” with the Federal Reserve. These reports are available on the FFIEC Central Data Repository’s Public Data Distribution website at cdr.ffiec.gov/public.

Current Overview of the Impact from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Overview. Our business has been, and continues to be, impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and a national emergency by the President of the United States. The spread of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis that has resulted in unprecedented uncertainty, volatility and disruption in financial markets and in governmental, commercial and consumer activity in the United States and globally, including the markets that we serve. Efforts to limit the spread of COVID-19 have included shelter-in-place orders, the closure of non-essential businesses, travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions and prohibitions on public gatherings, among other things, throughout many parts of the United States and, in particular, the markets in which we operate. These responses and restrictions have led to a loss of revenues for certain industries and a sudden increase in unemployment, volatility in oil and gas prices and in business valuations, market downturns and volatility, changes in consumer behaviors, related emergency response legislation and an expectation that Federal Reserve policy will maintain a low interest rate environment for the foreseeable future.

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Impact on our Operations. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and neighboring states, many jurisdictions declared health emergencies. The resulting closures and/or limited operations of non-essential businesses and related economic disruption have impacted our operations as well as the operations of our customers. Financial services were identified as a Critical Infrastructure Sector by the Department of Homeland Security. Accordingly, our business has remained open throughout the pandemic. To address the issues arising as a result of COVID-19, we implemented the following: implemented our communications plans to ensure our employees, customers and critical vendors are kept abreast of developments affecting our operations; restricted all non-essential travel and large external gatherings and have instituted a mandatory quarantine period for anyone that has traveled to an impacted area; after temporarily closing all of our branches and other corporate facilities to non-employees, except for certain limited cases by appointment only, we reopened our financial center lobbies; Expanded remote-access availability so that nearly all of our workforce has the capability to work from home or other remote locations. All activities are performed in accordance with our compliance and information security policies designed to ensure customer data and other information is properly safeguarded; and instituted mandatory social distancing policies for those employees not working remotely.

Impact on our Financial Position and Results of Operations. Our financial position and results of operations are particularly susceptible to the ability of our loan customers to meet loan obligations, the availability of our workforce, the availability of our vendors and the decline in the value of assets held by us. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant decrease in commercial and consumer activity throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and neighboring states in our market area, as well as nationally. This decrease in business activity has caused and may continue to cause our customers, vendors and counterparties to be unable to meet existing payment or other obligations to us. The COVID-19 pandemic, combined with certain pre-existing factors, including, but not limited to, international trade disputes, inflation risks and oil price volatility, could further destabilize the financial markets and geographies in which we operate. The resulting economic pressure on consumers and uncertainty regarding the sustainability of any economic improvements has impacted the creditworthiness of potential and current borrowers. Borrower loan defaults that adversely affect our earnings correlate with deteriorating economic conditions, which, in turn, are likely to impact our borrowers' creditworthiness and our ability to make loans. See further information related to the risk exposure of our loan portfolio under the sections captioned “Loans” and “Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” elsewhere in this discussion.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments. Actions taken by the federal government and the Federal Reserve and other bank regulatory agencies to mitigate the economic effects of COVID-19 have had an impact on our financial position and results of operations. The Federal Reserve lowered the target for the federal funds rate to a range of between zero to 0.25% effective on March 16, 2020.  The decline in interest rates has already led to new all-time low yields across the US Treasury maturity curve. In September 2020, the Federal Reserve indicated that it expects to maintain the targeted federal funds rate at current levels until such time that labor market conditions have reached levels consistent with the Federal Open Market Committee's assessments of maximum employment and inflation has risen to 2% and is on track to moderately exceed 2% for some time. This timeframe is currently expected to last through 2023.

To address the economic impact in the U.S., in March and April 2020, the President signed into law four economic stimulus packages to provide relief to businesses and individuals, including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act”). Among other measures, the CARES Act created funding for the Small Business Administration ("SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP”), which provides loans to small businesses to keep their employees on payroll and make other eligible payments. The original funding for the PPP was fully allocated by mid-April 2020, with additional funding made available on April 24, 2020 under the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act.

On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve took additional steps to bolster the economy by providing additional funding sources for small and mid-sized businesses as well as for state and local governments as they work through cash flow stresses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the Federal Reserve has taken other steps to provide fiscal and monetary stimuli, including reducing the federal funds rate and the interest rate on the Federal Reserve’s discount window, and implementing programs to promote liquidity in certain securities markets. The Federal Reserve, along with other U.S. banking regulators, has also issued interagency guidance to financial institutions that are working with borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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In December 2020, the Bipartisan-Bicameral Omnibus COVID Relief Deal, included as a component of appropriations legislation, was enacted to provide economic stimulus to individuals and businesses in further response to the economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among other things, the legislation includes (i) payments of $600 for individuals making up to $75,000 per year, (ii) extension of the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation program to include a $300 weekly enhancement in unemployment benefits beginning after December 26, 2020 up to March 14, 2021, (iii) a temporary and targeted rental assistance program, and extends the eviction moratorium through January 31, 2021, (iv) targeted funding related to transportation, education, agriculture, nutrition and other public health measures and (v) approximately $325 billion for small business relief, including approximately $284 billion for a second round of PPP loans and a new simplified forgiveness procedure for PPP loans of $150,000 or less. We are continuing to monitor the potential development of additional legislation and further actions taken by the U.S. government.

The Federal Reserve created various additional lending facilities and expanded existing facilities to help provide financing in response to the financial disruptions caused by COVID-19. The programs include, among others, the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (the “PPPLF”), which is intended to extend loans to banks making PPP loans. The Federal Reserve announced extensions through March 31, 2021 for several of its lending facilities, including the PPPLF, that were generally scheduled to expire on or around December 31, 2020. As more fully discussed below, we are currently participating in the PPP as a lender and have also participated in the PPPLF.

Pursuant to the CARES Act, Section 1112, Congress determined that all existing borrowers under the SBA Section 7(a) program have been adversely affected by COVID-19, and therefore were entitled to a subsidy in the form of relief payments. Specifically, the CARES Act provides that the SBA was to pay the principal and interest on any existing and current SBA 7(a) loan for a period of nine months. These principal and interest payments were made by the SBA directly to the SBA 7(a) lender, and as such, are separate from any loan modifications made at the direction of the Bank. The Bank is a qualified SBA Section 7(a) lender, and participated in the Section 1112 program. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank had 120 loans eligible for the program, with an aggregate principal amount of $66.1 million.

On January 19, 2021, the SBA extended such payments under Section 1112(c)(1) of the CARES Act, as amended by Section 325 of the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Economic Aid Act), enacted on December 27, 2020. Of the 120 SBA Section 7(a) loans discussed above, approximately 76 for a total value of $41.7 million are eligible to receive 2 additional monthly payments each from the SBA, with a maximum payment of $9,000 per loan. Additionally, all SBA Section 7(a) loans originated by Meridian from February 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021 are eligible for 3 months of payments to be made by the SBA, with a maximum payment of $9,000 per loan.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Corporation’s management took the following actions to assist customers:

Through our participation in the first round of the PPP program in 2020, Meridian originated $259.7 million in PPP loans, assisting 928 customers in need of this short-term funding.  These PPP loans helped our small business customers to support the paychecks of nearly 16,660 employees. Approximately 89% of PPP loans were given to customers in the markets we serve in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware.  As of December 31, 2020 through ongoing forgiveness of PPP loan balances by the SBA, the total balance of PPP loans outstanding had decreased to $203.5 million.

Meridian has engaged a third-party Fintech technology partner to assist the bank and its customers to automate the forgiveness application process. This application will also be used for the second round of PPP loan originations and forgiveness.

Throughout the pandemic, Meridian worked with commercial, construction and residential loan customers to provide assistance with loan payment holidays of 3 to 6 months or lowered interest rates for certain construction loans.  In total, approximately $156.3 million of loans covering approximately 200 borrowers were assisted with loan payment holidays of 3-6 months.  As of December 31, 2020, $129.4 million of loans had returned to their original payment terms with $26.9 million in loans still in forbearance.

At the inception of the pandemic, local governors ordered all non-essential businesses to close, mandated stay-at-home orders, closed schools and universities and put a moratorium on construction for a period of time. The

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economic impact was widespread, but certain businesses have been more acutely impacted. Aside from construction lending, Meridian continues to monitor commercial portfolios and identified various industries that have been substantially impacted by these mandates such as retail trade, hospitality, residential spec construction and advertising/marketing. At December 31, 2020, Meridian’s exposure as a percent of the total loan portfolio to these industries was 2.8%, 2.5%, 6.1%, and 1.5%, respectively.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

Meridian and its subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation under federal and state banking laws that establish a comprehensive framework for our operations. This framework may materially affect our growth potential and financial performance and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors, customers, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, not for the protection of our shareholders and creditors. Significant elements of the statutes,The following discussion summarizes certain laws, regulations and policies to which Corporation and the Bank are subject. It does not address all applicable laws, regulations and policies that affect us currently or might affect us in the future. This discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to usthe full texts of the laws, regulations and our subsidiaries are described below.policies described.

The Bank is an FDIC-insured commercial bank chartered under the laws of Pennsylvania with regulatory oversight from the FDIC and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (“PDBS”).  The holding company, Meridian Corporation, is subject to supervision and examination by, and the regulations and reporting requirements of, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and is subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Exchange Act. In order to adhere to regulatory expectations on an ongoing basis and to successfully prepare for the normal examination processes, Meridian maintains numerous internal controls including policies and programs appropriate to maintain the Bank’s safety and soundness, under such key areas as lending, compliance, BSA-AML, information security, human resources, deposit and cash management products, enterprise risk, merchant services, finance, title services, branch security and wealth management.  As a public company, the Corporation also files reports with the SEC and is subject to its regulatory authority, as well as the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act, as amended, and the Exchange Act, as amended, with respect to the Corporation’s securities, financial reporting and certain governance matters. Because the Corporation’s securities are listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market, we are subject to NASDAQ's rules for listed companies, including rules relating to corporate governance.

Permissible Activities for Bank Holding Companies

The Corporation is a registered bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (“BHC Act”). In general, the BHC Act limits the business of bank holding companies to banking, managing or controlling banks and other activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto, which include certain activities relating to extending credit or acting as an investment or financial advisor.

Bank holding companies that qualify and elect to be treated as “financial holding companies” may engage in a broader range of additional activities than bank holding companies that are not financial holding companies. In particular, financial holding companies may engage in activities that are (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activities or (ii) complementary to a financial activity and do not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally. These activities include securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and making merchant banking investments. WeAs of this filing, we have not elected to be treated as a financial holding company and currently have no plans to make a financial holding company election.company.

The Federal Reserve has the power to order any bank holding company or any of its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to terminate its ownership or control of any subsidiary when the Federal Reserve has reasonable grounds to believe that continuing such activity, ownership or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness, safety or stability of any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company.

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Permissible Activities for Banks

As a Pennsylvania-chartered commercial bank, our business is subject to extensive supervision and regulation by state and federal bank regulatory agencies. Our business is generally limited to activities permitted by Pennsylvania law and any applicable federal laws. Under the Pennsylvania Banking Code of 1965 (the “Pennsylvania Banking Code”), the Bank may generally engage in all usual banking activities, including, among other things, accepting deposits; lending money on personal and real estate security; issuing letters of credit; buying, discounting, and negotiating promissory notes and other forms of indebtedness; buying and selling foreign currency and, subject to certain limitations, certain investment securities; engaging in certain insurance activities and maintaining safe deposit boxes on premises.management services providing cash.

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The FDIC has adopted regulations pertaining to the other activity restrictions imposed upon insured state banks and their subsidiaries. Pursuant to such regulations, insured state banks engaging in impermissible activities may seek approval from the FDIC to continue such activities. State banks not engaging in such activities but that desire to engage in otherwise impermissible activities either directly or through a subsidiary may apply for approval from the FDIC to do so; however, if such bank fails to meet the minimum capital requirements or the activities present a significant risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund, such application will not be approved by the FDIC. Pursuant to this authority, the FDIC has determined that investments in certain majority-owned subsidiaries of insured state banks do not represent a significant risk to the deposit insurance funds. Investments permitted under that authority include real estate activities and securities activities.

Meridian currently conducts certain non-banking activities through certain of the Bank’s non-bank subsidiaries. Meridian Bank currently operates four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Meridian Land Settlement Services, which provides title insurance services; Apex Realty, a real estate holding company; Meridian Wealth, a registered investment advisory firm, and Meridian Equipment Finance, an equipment leasing company.

Pennsylvania law also imposes restrictions on Meridian Bank’s activities intended to ensure the safety and soundness of the Bank. For example, Meridian Bank is restricted under the Pennsylvania Banking Code from investing in certain types of investment securities and is generally limited in the amount of money it can lend to a single borrower or invest in securities issued by a single issuer.

Acquisitions by Bank Holding Companies

Control Acquisitions.  The Change in Bank Control Act (“CBCA”) prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, such as Customers Bancorp,Meridian Corporation, would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute acquisition of control of Customers Bancorp.Meridian Corporation.

In addition, the CBCA prohibits any entity from acquiring 25% (the BHC Act has a lower limit for acquirers that are existing bank holding companies) or more of a bank holding company’s or bank’s voting securities, or otherwise obtaining control or a controlling influence over a bank holding company or bank without the approval of the Federal Reserve. On January 31, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board approved the issuance of a final rule (which became effective April 1, 2020) that clarifies and codifies the Federal Reserve’s standards for determining whether one company has control over another. The final rule establishes four categories of tiered presumptions of non-control that are based on the percentage of voting shares held by the investor (less than 5%, 5-9.9%, 10-14.9% and 15-24.9%) and the presence of other indicia of control. As the percentage of ownership increases, fewer indicia of control are permitted without falling outside of the presumption of non-control. These indicia of control include nonvoting equity ownership, director representation, management interlocks, business relationship and restrictive contractual covenants. Under the final rule, investors can hold up to 24.9% of the voting securities and up to 33% of the total equity of a company without necessarily having a controlling influence.

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Dividends

Meridian is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Bank. As a Pennsylvania banking institution, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions on its ability to pay dividends under applicable banking laws and regulations.

Federal banking regulators are authorized to determine under certain circumstances relating to the financial condition of a bank holding company or a bank that the payment of dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice and to prohibit payment thereof. In particular, federal banking regulators have stated that paying dividends that deplete a banking organization’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice and that banking organizations should generally pay dividends only out of current operating earnings. In addition, in the current financial and economic environment, the federal banking regulators have indicated that banks should carefully review their dividend policy and have discouraged payment ratios that are at maximum allowable levels unless both asset quality and capital are very strong. Under the Capital Rules, institutions that seek to pay dividends must maintain 2.5% in Common Equity Tier

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1 capital attributable to the capital conservation buffer, which is to bewas phased in over a three-year period that began on January 1, 2016. See “—Regulatory Capital Requirements”.

Our principal source of cash flow and income is dividends from our subsidiaries, which is also the component of our liquidity. In addition to the restrictions discussed above, the Bank is subject to limitations under Pennsylvania law regarding the level of dividends that it may pay to our shareholders. Under the Pennsylvania Banking Code, the Bank generally may not pay dividends in excess of its net profits.

On May 24, 2018 the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), amended certain aspects of the company-run stress testing requirement in section 165(i)(2) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”).  These updated rules require bank holding companies and banks with average total consolidated assets greater than $250 billion to conduct a periodic company-run stress test of capital, consolidated earnings and losses under one base and two stress scenarios provided by the federal banking regulators. We are not currently subject to the stress testing requirements, but we expect that if we become subject to those requirements, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the PDBS will consider our results as an important factor in evaluating our capital adequacy, any proposed acquisitions by us or by the holding company and whether any proposed dividends or stock repurchases by us or by the holding company may be an unsafe or unsound practice.

Parity Regulation

A Pennsylvania banking institution may, in accordance with Pennsylvania law and regulations issued by the PDBS, exercise any power and engage in any activity that has been authorized for national banks, federal thrifts or state banks in a state other than Pennsylvania, provided that the activity is permissible under applicable federal law and not specifically prohibited by Pennsylvania law. Such powers and activities must be subject to the same limitations and restrictions imposed on the national bank, federal thrift or out-of-state bank that exercised the power or activity, subject to a required notice to the PDBS. The FDIA, however, prohibits state-chartered banks from making new investments, loans, or becoming involved in activities as principal and equity investments which are not permitted for national banks unless (1) the FDIC determines the activity or investment does not pose a significant risk of loss to the Deposit Insurance Fund and (2) the Bank meets all applicable capital requirements. Accordingly, the additional operating authority provided to the Bank by the Pennsylvania Banking Code is restricted by the FDIA.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders

Transactions between our subsidiaries, or between the Corporation and our subsidiaries, are regulated under Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. The Federal Reserve Act imposes quantitative and qualitative requirements and collateral requirements on covered transactions by the Bank with, or for the benefit of, its affiliates. Generally, the Federal Reserve Act limits the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of a bank’s capital stock and surplus, limits the aggregate amount of all such transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of such capital stock and surplus, and requires those transactions to be on terms at least as favorable to a bank as if the transaction were conducted with an unaffiliated third party. Covered transactions are defined by statute to include a loan or extension of credit, as well as a purchase of securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets (unless otherwise exempted by the Federal Reserve) from the affiliate, certain derivative transactions with an affiliate, the acceptance of securities issued by the affiliate as collateral for a loan, and the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate. In addition, any credit transactions with any affiliate, must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral.

Federal law also limits a bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons. Among other things, extensions of credit to insiders are required to be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons. Also, the terms of such extensions of credit may not

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involve more than the normal risk of non-repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons individually and in the aggregate.

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Source of Strength

Federal Reserve policy and federal law require bank holding companies to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. Under this requirement, Meridian is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including at times when it may not be in a financial position to provide such resources, and it may not be in our, or our shareholders’ or creditors’, best interests to do so. In addition, any capital loans Meridian makes to the Bank are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank. In the event of our bankruptcy, any commitment by us to a federal banking regulatory agency to maintain the capital of the Bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Federal Reserve monitors the capital adequacy of the holding company on a consolidated basis, and the FDIC and the PDBS monitor the capital adequacy of the Bank. The banking regulators use a combination of risk-based guidelines and a leverage ratio to evaluate capital adequacy. The risk-based capital guidelines applicable to us are based on the Basel Committee’s December 2010 final capital framework, known as Basel III, as implemented by the federal banking regulators. The risk-based guidelines are intended to make regulatory capital requirements sensitive to differences in credit and market risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies, to account for off-balance sheet exposure and to minimize disincentives for holding liquid assets.

Basel III and the Capital Rules. In July 2013, the federal banking regulators approved final rules, or the Capital Rules, implementing the Basel Committee’s December 2010 final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, and various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Capital Rules substantially revise the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and banks, including us, compared to the previous risk-based capital rules. The Capital Rules revise the components of capital and address other issues affecting the numerator in regulatory capital ratio calculations. The Capital Rules, among other things, (i) include a new capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”), (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting certain revised requirements, (iii) define CET1 narrowly by requiring that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital, and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments to capital as compared to prior regulations. The Capital Rules also address risk weights and other issues affecting the denominator in regulatory capital ratio calculations, including replacing the existing risk-weighting approach derived from Basel I with a more risk-sensitive approach based, in part, on the standardized approach adopted by the Basel Committee in its 2004 capital accords, known as Basel II. The Capital Rules also implement the requirements of Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act to remove references to credit ratings from the federal banking regulators’ rules. Subject to a phase-in period for various provisions, the Capital Rules became effective for us beginning on January 1, 2015.

Under the Basel III Capital Rules, the minimum capital ratios are (i) 4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 6% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets, (iii) 8% total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets and (iv) 4% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the “leverage ratio”).

The current Capital Rules also include a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer is composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios.

The Capital Rules require us to maintain an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) 7% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, (ii) 8.5% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, (iii) 10.5% total capital to risk-weighted assets and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4%. The Capital Rules provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that mortgage servicing rights, certain deferred tax assets and significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such categories in the aggregate exceed 15% of CET1. Implementation of the deductions and other adjustments to CET1 began on January 1, 2016 and was phased in over a four-year period, until it became fully implemented on January 1, 2019.  In addition, the Capital Rules provide for a countercyclical capital buffer applicable only to certain covered institutions. We do not expect the countercyclical capital

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buffer to be applicable to us. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital

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buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

In addition, under the general risk-based Capital Rules, the effects of accumulated other comprehensive income items included in capital were excluded for the purposes of determining regulatory capital ratios. Under the Capital Rules, the effects of certain accumulated other comprehensive income items are not excluded; however, non-advanced approaches banking organizations, including the Bank, were able to make a one-time permanent election to continue to exclude these items. The Bank made this election.

The Capital Rules also prescribed a new standardized approach for risk weightings that expanded the risk-weighting categories from the current four Basel I-derived categories (0%, 20%, 50% and 100%) to a much larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets, generally ranging from 0%, for U.S. government and agency securities, to 600%, for certain equity exposures, and resulting in higher risk weights for a variety of asset categories.

Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided an “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" (“CBLR”) of between 8 and 10%. Under the final rule, a community banking organization is eligible to elect the new framework if it has: less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9%.The bank regulatory agencies temporarily lowered the CBLR to 8% as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank adopted the community bank leverage ratio framework as its primary regulatory capital ratio.

With respect to the Bank, the Capital Rules also revised the prompt corrective action regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the FDIA. See “—Prompt Corrective Action Framework” below.

Prompt Corrective Action Framework

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (“FDIA”), requires among other things, that the federal banking agencies take “prompt corrective action” with respect to banks that do not meet minimum capital requirements. The FDIA sets forth the following five capital tiers for purposes of implementing the PCA regulations: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.”

Liquidity Regulations

Historically, the regulation and monitoring of bank and bank holding company liquidity has been addressed as a supervisory matter, without required formulaic measures. The Basel III final framework requires banks and bank holding companies to measure their liquidity against specific liquidity tests that, although similar in some respects to liquidity measures historically applied by banks and regulators for management and supervisory purposes, going forward would be required by regulation. One test, referred to as the liquidity coverage ratio, or LCR, is designed to ensure that the banking entity maintains an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets equal to the entity’s expected net cash outflow for a 30-day time horizon (or, if greater, 25% of its expected total cash outflow) under an acute liquidity stress scenario. The other test, referred to as the net stable funding ratio, or NSFR, is designed to promote more medium- and long-term funding of the assets and activities of banking entities over a one-year time horizon. These requirements will incentivize banking entities to increase their holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and other sovereign debt as a component of assets and increase the use of long-term debt as a funding source.

Safety and Soundness Standards

The FDIA requires the federal banking agencies to prescribe standards, by regulations or guidelines, relating to internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk

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exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, stock valuation and compensation, fees and benefits, and such other operational and managerial standards as the agencies deem appropriate. The federal banking agencies have adopted the

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Interagency Guidelines for Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness. The guidelines establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, these guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines. These guidelines also prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director or principal shareholder. In addition, the agencies adopted regulations that authorize, but do not require, an agency to order an institution that has been given notice by an agency that it is not satisfying all safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an acceptable compliance plan, the banking regulator must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution may be subject under the FDIA. See “—Prompt Corrective Action Framework”. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the banking regulator may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.

Deposit Insurance

FDIC insurance assessments

As an FDIC-insured bank, the Bank must pay deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC based on its average total assets minus its average tangible equity. Deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC and such insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.

As an institution with less than $10 billion in assets, the Bank’s assessment rates are based on the level of risk it poses to the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund (“DIF”). Pursuant to changes adopted by the FDIC that were effective July 1, 2016, the initial base rate for deposit insurance is between three and 30 basis points. Total base assessment after possible adjustments now ranges between 1.5 and 40 basis points. For established smaller institutions, like the Bank, supervisory ratings are used along with (i) an initial base assessment rate, (ii) an unsecured debt adjustment (which can be positive or negative), and (iii) a brokered deposit adjustment, to calculate a total base assessment rate.

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the limit on FDIC deposit insurance was increased to $250 thousand. The coverage limit is per depositor, per insured depository institution for each account ownership category. The Dodd-Frank Act also set a new minimum DIF reserve ratio at 1.35% of estimated insured deposits. In October 2010, the FDIC adopted a new DIF restoration plan to ensure that the fund reserve ratio reaches 1.35% by September 30, 2020, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act. In December 2018, the FDIC announced that the DIF reserve ratio had surpassed this benchmark.

The FDIC adopted a final rule effective June 26, 2020, and applied as of April 1, 2020, to mitigate the effect on deposit insurance assessments of a bank’s participation in the Paycheck Protection Program, the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility and the Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Under the FDIA, the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC.

Other assessments

In addition, the Deposit Insurance Funds Act of 1996 authorized the Financing Corporation (“FICO”) to impose assessments on certain deposits in order to service the interest on the FICO’s bond obligations from deposit insurance fund assessments. The amount assessed on individual institutions is in addition to the amount, if any, paid for deposit insurance according to the FDIC’s risk-related assessment rate schedules. Assessment rates may be adjusted quarterly to reflect changes in the assessment base.

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Depositor Preference

The FDIA provides that, in the event of the “liquidation or other resolution” of an insured depository institution, the claims of deposits of the institution, including the claims of the FDIC as subrogate of insured depositors, and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver, will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including depositors whose deposits are payable only outside of the United States and the parent bank holding company, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.

Interstate Branching

Pennsylvania banking laws authorize banks in Pennsylvania to acquire existing branches or branch de novo in other states, and also permits out-of-state banks to acquire existing branches or branch de novo in Pennsylvania.

Federal law permits state and national banks to merge with banks in other states subject to: (i) regulatory approval; (ii) federal and state deposit concentration limits; and (iii) any state law limitations requiring the merging bank to have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) prior to the merger. The establishment of new interstate branches or the acquisition of individual branches of a bank in another state (rather than the acquisition of an out-of-state bank in its entirety) has historically been permitted only in those states the laws of which expressly authorize such expansion. However, the Dodd-Frank Act permits well-capitalized and well-managed banks to establish new branches across state lines without these impediments.

Consumer Financial Protection

We are subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that extensively govern our relationship with our customers. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”), the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, Telephone Consumer Protection Act, CAN-SPAM Act, and these laws’ respective state-law counterparts, as well as state usury laws and laws regarding unfair and deceptive acts and practices. These and other federal laws, among other things, require disclosures of the cost of credit and terms of deposit accounts, provide substantive consumer rights, prohibit discrimination in credit transactions, regulate the use of credit report information, provide financial privacy protections, restrict our ability to raise interest rates on extensions of credit and subject us to substantial regulatory oversight. Violations of applicable consumer protection laws can result in significant potential liability from litigation brought by customers, including actual damages, restitution and attorneys’ fees. Federal banking regulators, state attorneys general and state and local consumer protection agencies may also seek to enforce consumer protection requirements and obtain these and other remedies, including regulatory sanctions, customer rescission rights, action by the state and local attorneys general in each jurisdiction in which we operate and civil money penalties. Failure to comply with consumer protection requirements may also result in our failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition transactions we may wish to pursue or our prohibition from engaging in such transactions even if approval is not required.

The Dodd-Frank Act created a new, independent federal agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which was grantedhas broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement powers under various federal consumer financial protection laws with respect to certain consumer financial products and services, including the ability to require reimbursements and other payments to customers for alleged legal violations. The CFPB has the authority to impose significant penalties, as well as injunctive relief that prohibits lenders from engaging in allegedly unlawful practices. The CFPB is also authorized to engage in consumer financial education, track consumer complaints, request data and promote the availability of financial services to underserved consumers and communities. Although all institutions are subject to rules adopted by the CFPB and examination by the CFPB in conjunction with examinations by the institution’s primary federal regulator, the CFPB has primary examination and enforcement authority over institutions with assets of $10 billion or more. The FDIC has primary responsibility for examination of the Bank and enforcement with respect to various federal consumer protection laws so long as the Bank has total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, and state authorities

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are responsible for monitoring our compliance with all state consumer laws. The

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CFPB also has the authority to require reports from institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, to support the CFPB in implementing federal consumer protection laws, supporting examination activities, and assessing and detecting risks to consumers and financial markets.

The consumer protection provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and the examination, supervision and enforcement of those laws and implementing regulations by the CFPB have created a more intense and complex environment for consumer finance regulation. The CFPB has significant authority to implement and enforce federal consumer finance laws, including the TILA, the ECOA and new requirements for financial services products provided for in the Dodd-Frank Act.

The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks including, among other things, the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive, or abusive” acts and practices. Abusive acts or practices are defined in the Dodd-Frank Act as those that (1) materially interfere with a consumer’s ability to understand a term or condition of a consumer financial product or service, or (2) take unreasonable advantage of a consumer’s (a) lack of financial savvy, (b) inability to protect herself or himself in the selection or use of consumer financial products or services, or (c) reasonable reliance on a covered entity to act in the consumer’s interests. The review of products and practices to prevent such acts and practices is a continuing focus of the CFPB, and of banking regulators more broadly. The ultimate impact of this heightened scrutiny is uncertain but it could result in changes to pricing, practices, products and procedures. It could also result in increased costs related to regulatory oversight, supervision and examination, additional remediation efforts and possible penalties. The Dodd-Frank Act does not prevent states from adopting stricter consumer protection standards. State regulation of financial products and potential enforcement actions could also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Federal Home Loan Bank Membership

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”), which serves as a central credit facility for its members. The FHLB is funded primarily from proceeds from the sale of obligations of the FHLB system. It makes loans to member banks in the form of FHLB advances. All advances from the FHLB are required to be fully collateralized as determined by the FHLB.

Ability-To-Pay Rules and Qualified Mortgages

As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a series of final rules in January 2013 amending Regulation Z, implementing TILA, which requires mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that a consumer applying for a residential mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. These final rules prohibit creditors, such as the Bank, from extending residential mortgage loans without regard for the consumer’s ability to repay and add restrictions and requirements to residential mortgage origination and servicing practices. In addition, these rules restrict the imposition of prepayment penalties and restrict compensation practices relating to residential mortgage loan origination. Mortgage lenders are required to determine consumers’ ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the mortgage lender to consider eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision. Alternatively, the mortgage lender can originate “qualified mortgages”, which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a qualified mortgage is a residential mortgage loan that does not have certain high risk features, such as negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or a term exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage, the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount and the borrower’s total debt-to-income ratio must be no higher than 43% (subject to certain limited exceptions for loans eligible for purchase, guarantee or insurance by a government sponsored enterprise or a federal agency).

Commercial Real Estate Guidance

In December 2015, the federal banking regulators released a statement entitled “Interagency Statement on Prudent Risk Management for Commercial Real Estate Lending” (the “CRE Guidance”). In the CRE Guidance, the federal banking regulators (i) expressed concerns with institutions that ease commercial real estate underwriting standards, (ii) directed financial institutions to maintain underwriting discipline and exercise risk management practices to identify, measure and

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monitor lending risks, and (iii) indicated that they will continue to pay special attention to commercial real estate lending

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activities and concentrations going forward. The federal banking regulators previously issued guidance in December 2006, entitled “Interagency Guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices”, which stated that an institution is potentially exposed to significant commercial real estate concentration risk, and should employ enhanced risk management practices, where (1) total commercial real estate loans represent 300% or more of its total capital and (2) the outstanding balance of such institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months.

Leveraged Lending Guidance

In March 2013, the federal banking regulators jointly issued guidance on leveraged lending that updates and replaces the guidance for leveraged finance activities issued by the federal banking regulators in April 2001. The revised leveraged lending guidance describes regulatory expectations for the sound risk management of leveraged lending activities, including the importance for institutions to maintain, among other things, (i) a credit limit and concentration framework consistent with the institution’s risk appetite, (ii) underwriting standards that define acceptable leverage levels, (iii) strong pipeline management policies and procedures and (iv) guidelines for conducting periodic portfolio and pipeline stress tests.

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977

Under the CRA, the Bank has an obligation, consistent with safe and sound operations, to help meet the credit needs of the market areas where it operates, which includes providing credit to low- and moderate-income individuals and communities. In connection with its examination of the Bank, the FDIC is required to assess our compliance with the CRA. Our bank’s failure to comply with the CRA could, among other things, result in the denial or delay in certain corporate applications filed by us, including applications for branch openings or relocations and applications to acquire, merge or consolidate with another banking institution or holding company. Our bank received a rating of “Satisfactory” in its most recently completed CRA examination in 2020 that was as of February 11, 2020.

Financial Privacy

The federal banking regulators have adopted rules limiting the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to unaffiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to an unaffiliated third party. These regulations affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors.

Anti-Money Laundering and the USA PATRIOT ACT

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which was enacted in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, includes provisions designed to combat international money laundering and advance the U.S. government’s war against terrorism. The USA PATRIOT Act and the regulations which implement it contain many obligations which must be satisfied by financial institutions, including the Bank. Those regulations impose obligations on financial institutions, such as the Bank, to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing and to verify the identity of their customers. The failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the financial institution.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes, under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. We are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of, and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences and could result in civil money penalties imposed on the

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institution by OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could also cause applicable bank regulatory authorities not to

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approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.

Incentive Compensation

The Federal Reserve will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as us, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

During the second quarter of 2016, certain U.S. regulators, including the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the SEC, proposed revised rules on incentive-based payment arrangements at specified regulated entities having at least $1 billion in total assets (which would not include the Bank). The proposed revised rules would establish general qualitative requirements applicable to all covered entities, which would include: (i) prohibiting incentive arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks by providing excessive compensation; (ii) prohibiting incentive arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks that could lead to a material financial loss; (iii) establishing requirements for performance measures to appropriately balance risk and reward; (iv) requiring board of director oversight of incentive arrangements; and (v) mandating appropriate record-keeping.

Pursuant to rules adopted by the stock exchanges and approved by the SEC in January 2013 under the Dodd-Frank Act, public company compensation committee members must meet heightened independence requirements and consider the independence of compensation consultants, legal counsel and other advisors to the compensation committee. A compensation committee must have the authority to hire advisors and to have the public company fund reasonable compensation of such advisors.

Public companies will be required, once stock exchanges impose additional listing requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act, to implement “clawback” procedures for incentive compensation payments and to disclose the details of the procedures which allow recovery of incentive compensation that was paid on the basis of erroneous financial information necessitating a restatement due to material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements. This clawback policy is intended to apply to compensation paid within a three-year look-back window of the restatement and would cover all executives who received incentive awards.

Cybersecurity

In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyberattack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyberattack. If we fail to observe the regulatory guidance, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.

In June 2016, federal regulators also issued a joint statement on cybersecurity of interbank messaging and wholesale payment networks.  This statement highlights that cyberattacks have targeted interbank messaging and wholesale payment networks, resulting in large-dollar fraud at several foreign institutions.  The statement notes that financial institutions

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should review their risk management practices and controls over information technology and wholesale payment systems networks, including authentication, authorization, fraud detection, and response management systems and processes.

An increasing number of state laws and regulations have been enacted in recent years to implement privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations, including data breach notification and data privacy requirements. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs that meet specified requirements. This trend of activity is expected to continue to expand, requiring continual monitoring of developments in the states and nations in which our customers are located and ongoing investments in our information systems and compliance capabilities.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our operations and to store sensitive data. We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive approach that leverages people, processes and technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We employ a variety of preventative and detective tools

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to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Notwithstanding the strength of our defensive measures, the threat from cyberattacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume, and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive measures. While to date, we have not experienced a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, our systems and those of our customers and third party service providers are under constant threat and it is possible that we could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by us and our customers.

Future Legislation and Regulation

Congress may enact legislation from time to time that affects the regulation of the financial services industry, and state legislatures may enact legislation from time to time affecting the regulation of financial institutions chartered by or operating in those states. Federal and state regulatory agencies also periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. The substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulation, or the application thereof, cannot be predicted, although enactment of the proposed legislation could affect the regulatory structure under which we operate and may significantly increase our costs, impede the efficiency of our internal business processes, require us to increase our regulatory capital or modify our business strategy, or limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects may be adversely affected, perhaps materially, as a result.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a significant degree of risk. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect us are described below. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report. Any of the following risks, as well as risks that we do not know or currently deem immaterial, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose some or all of your investment. Further, to the extent that any of the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitutes forward-looking statements, the risk factors below are cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

Risks Related to Our Business / Operations

Our business and operations may be materially adversely affected by national and local market economic conditions.  

Our business and operations, which primarily consist of banking and wealth management activities, including lending money to customers in the form of loans and borrowing money from customers in the form of deposits, are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the United States generally, and in our local markets in particular. If economic

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conditions in the United States or any of our local markets weaken, our growth and profitability from our operations could be constrained. The current economic environment is characterized by interest rates near historically low levels, which impacts our ability to attract deposits and to generate attractive earnings through our loan and investment portfolios. All of these factors can individually or in the aggregate be detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Unfavorable market conditions can result in a deterioration in the credit quality of our borrowers and the demand for our products and services, an increase in the number of delinquencies, defaults and charge-offs, additional provisions for loan losses, a decline in the value of our collateral, and an overall material adverse effect on the quality of our loan portfolio. 

The economic conditions in our local markets may be different from the economic conditions in the United States as a whole. Our success depends to a certain extent on the general economic conditions of the geographic markets that we serve in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. Local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on our commercial, real estate and construction loans, the ability of borrowers to repay these loans and the value of the

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collateral securing these loans. Adverse changes in the economic conditions of the northeastern United States in general or any one or more of these local markets could negatively impact the financial results of our banking operations and have a negative effect on our profitability.

We May Be Adversely Impacted By The Transition From LIBOR As A Reference Rate

In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that after 2021 it would no longer compel banks to submit the rates required to calculate the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). In November 2020, the administrator of LIBOR announced it will consult on its intention to extend the retirement date of certain offered rates whereby the publication of the one week and two month LIBOR offered rates will cease after December 31, 2021; but, the publication of the remaining LIBOR offered rates will continue until June 30, 2023. Given consumer protection, litigation, and reputation risks, the bank regulatory agencies have indicated that entering into new contracts that use LIBOR as a reference rate after December 31, 2021, would create safety and soundness risks and that they will examine bank practices accordingly. Therefore, the agencies encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts that use LIBOR as a reference rate as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021.

It is not possible to predict what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, or what the effect of any such changes in views or alternatives may be on the markets for LIBOR-indexed financial instruments. In particular, regulators, industry groups and certain committees (e.g., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee) have, among other things, published recommended fall-back language for LIBOR-linked financial instruments, identified recommended alternatives for certain LIBOR rates (e.g., AMERIBOR or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as the recommended alternative to U.S. Dollar LIBOR), and proposed implementations of the recommended alternatives in floating rate instruments. At this time, it is not possible to predict whether these specific recommendations and proposals will be broadly accepted, whether they will continue to evolve, and what the effect of their implementation may be on the markets for floating-rate financial instruments.

WeAt December 31, 2021, we do not have a significant number of loans, derivative contracts, borrowings and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. TheLIBOR however, the transition from LIBOR could result in added costs and employee efforts and could present additional risk. Since proposed alternative rates are calculated differently, payments under contracts referencing new rates will differ from those referencing LIBOR. The transition will change our market risk profiles, requiring changes to risk and pricing models, valuation tools, product design and hedging strategies. Furthermore, failure to adequately manage this transition process with our customers could adversely impact our reputation. Although we are currently unable to assess what the ultimate impact of the transitionTransition from LIBOR will be, failure to adequately manage the transition coulddid not have a material adverse effectimpact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The value of the financial instruments we own may decline in the future.

As of December 31, 2020,2021, we owned $131.1$168.0 million of investment securities, which consisted primarily of our positions in U.S. government and government-sponsored enterprises and federal agency obligations, mortgage and asset-backed securities and municipal securities. We evaluate our investment securities on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic and market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether any decline in fair value below amortized cost is the result of an other-than-temporary impairment. The process for determining whether impairment is other-than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance of the issuer in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security. Because of changing economic and market conditions affecting issuers, we may be required to recognize other-than-temporary impairment in future periods, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

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In addition, an increase in market interest rates may affect the market value of our securities portfolio, potentially reducing accumulated other comprehensive income and/or earnings.

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Our small business customers may lack the resources to weather a downturn in the economy.

One of our primary strategies is serving the banking and financial services needs of small and medium sized businesses. These businesses generally have fewer financial resources than larger entities and less access to capital sources and loan facilities. If economic conditions are generally unfavorable in our market areas, our small business borrowers may be disproportionately affected and their ability to repay outstanding loans may be negatively affected, resulting in an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may be adversely affected by risks associated with completed and potential acquisitions.

We evaluate opportunities to acquire and invest in banks and in other complementary businesses. As a result, we may engage in negotiations or discussions that, if they were to result in a transaction, could have a material effect on our operating results and financial condition, including short and long-term liquidity and capital structure. Our acquisition activities could be material to us. For example, we could issue additional shares of common stock in a merger transaction, which could dilute current shareholders' ownership interest. An acquisition could require us to use a substantial amount of cash, other liquid assets, and/or incur debt.

Our acquisition activities could involve a number of additional risks, including the risks of:

Incurring time and expense associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisitions and negotiating potential transactions;
Using inaccurate estimates and judgments to evaluate credit, operations, management, and market risks with respect to the target institution or its assets;
The time and expense required to integrate the operations and personnel of the combined businesses;
Creating an adverse short-term effect on our results of operations;
Failing to realize related revenue synergies and/or cost savings within expected time frames; and
Losing key employees and customers or a reduction in our stock price as a result of an acquisition that is poorlypoorly.

We may not be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with potential acquisitions.  Our inability to overcome these risks could have an adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business strategy and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity risks could affect operations and jeopardize our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our obligations, including financial commitments, as they come due and is inherent in our operations. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and/or investment securities and from other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our most important source of funds consists of our customer deposits. Deposit balances can decrease for a variety of reasons, including when customers perceive alternative investments, such as the stock market, as providing a better risk/return tradeoff. If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other investments, we could lose a stable source of funds. This loss would require us to seek other funding alternatives, including wholesale funding, in order to continue to grow, thereby potentially increasing our funding costs and reducing our net interest income and net income.

Other primary sources of funds consist of cash from operations and investment maturities, redemptions and sales. To a lesser extent, proceeds from the issuance and sale of securities to investors has become a source of funds.  Additional liquidity is provided by wholesale funding such as brokered certificates of deposits and we have the ability to borrowborrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia and the FHLB. We also may borrow from correspondent banks or third party lenders from time to time. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities or on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as

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disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services

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industry. Economic conditions and a loss of confidence in financial institutions may increase our cost of funding and limitor access to certain customary sources of capital,funds, including inter-bank borrowings, repurchase agreements and borrowings from the discount window of the Federal Reserve System.

Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to continue to implement our business plan, including originating loans, investing in securities, meeting our expenses or fulfilling obligations such as repaying our borrowings and meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation’s liquidity is dependent on dividends from the Bank.

The Corporation is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank, which is a wholly-owned banking subsidiary. A substantial portion of our cash flow from operating activities, including cash flow to pay principal and interest on any debt we may incur, will come from dividends from the Bank. Various federal and state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to our shareholders. For example, Pennsylvania law only permits the Bank to pay dividends out of its net profits then on hand, after first deducting the Bank’s losses and any debts owed to the Bank on which interest is past due and unpaid for a period of six months or more, unless the same are well secured and in the process of collection. Also, our right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors.

Our shareholders are only entitled to receive such dividends as our Board of Directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. Although we currently pay quarterly dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and may reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future. Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is subject to the restrictions set forth in Pennsylvania law, by the Federal Reserve, and depends on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, debt service requirements, other cash needs and any other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. Notification to the Federal Reserve is also required prior to our declaring and paying a cash dividend to our shareholders during any period in which our quarterly and/or cumulative twelve-month net earnings are insufficient to fund the dividend amount, among other requirements. We may not pay a dividend if the Federal Reserve objects or until such time as we receive approval from the Federal Reserve or we no longer need to provide notice under applicable regulations. In addition, we may be restricted by applicable law or regulation or actions taken by our regulators, now or in the future, from paying dividends to our shareholders. We cannot provide assurance that we will continue paying dividends on our common stock at current levels or at all. A reduction or discontinuance of dividends on our common stock could have a material adverse effect on our business, including the market price of our common stock.

Loss of deposits could increase our funding costs.

As do many banking companies, we rely on customer deposits to meet a considerable portion of our funding needs, and we continue to seek customer deposits to maintain this funding base. We accept deposits directly from consumer and commercial customers and, as of December 31, 2020,2021, we had $1.2$1.4 billion in deposits. These deposits are subject to potentially dramatic fluctuations in availability or the price we must pay (in the form of interest) to obtain them due to certain factors outside our control, such as a loss of confidence by customers in us or the banking sector generally, customer perceptions of our financial health and general reputation, increasing competitive pressures from other financial services firms for consumer or corporate customer deposits, changes in interest rates and returns on other investment classes, which could result in significant outflows of deposits within short periods of time or significant changes in pricing necessary to maintain current customer deposits or attract additional deposits. The loss of customer deposits for any reason could increase our funding costs.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and such capital may not be available when needed or at all.

We may need to raise additional capital, in the form of debt or equity securities, in the future to have sufficient capital resources to meet our commitments and fund our business needs and future growth, particularly if the quality of our assets or earnings were to deteriorate significantly. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on, among other

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things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control, and our financial condition. We may not be able to obtain capital on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit our access to capital, such as a

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decline in the confidence of debt purchasers, depositors of the Bank or counterparties participating in the capital markets or other disruption in capital markets, may adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital and, in turn, our liquidity. Further, if we need to raise capital in the future, we may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and would then have to compete with those institutions for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations and could be dilutive to both tangible book value and our share price.

We may not be able to implement our growth strategy or manage costs effectively, resulting in lower earnings or profitability.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to grow and to be profitable in future periods, or, if profitable, that our overall earnings will remain consistent or increase in the future. Our strategy is focused on organic growth, supplemented by opportunistic acquisitions.

Our growth requires that we increase our loans and deposits growth while managing risks by following prudent loan underwriting standards without increasing interest rate risk or compressing our net interest margin, maintaining more than adequate capital at all times, hiring and retaining qualified employees and successfully implementing strategic projects and initiatives. Even if we are able to increase our interest income, our earnings may nonetheless be reduced by increased expenses, such as additional employee compensation or other general and administrative expenses and increased interest expense on any liabilities incurred or deposits solicited to fund increases in assets. Additionally, if our competitors extend credit on terms we find to pose excessive risks, or at interest rates which we believe do not warrant the credit exposure, we may not be able to maintain our lending volume and could experience deteriorating financial performance.

Our inability to manage our growth successfully or to continue to expand into new markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to various privacy, information security and data protection laws, including requirements concerning security breach notification, and we could be negatively affected by these laws.  As a financial institution, we are susceptible to fraudulent activity, information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents that may be committed against us or our clients, which may result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our clients, disclosure or misuse of our information or our client information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our clients, litigation or damage to our reputation. Compliance with current or future privacy, data protection and information security laws (including those regarding security breach notification) affecting customer or employee data to which we are subject could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or results of operations.

Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and other dishonest acts. Information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents may include fraudulent or unauthorized access to systems used by us or our clients, denial or degradation of service attacks, and malware or other cyberattacks. In recent periods, there continues to be a rise in electronic fraudulent activity, security breaches and cyberattacks within the financial services industry, especially in the commercial banking sector due to cyber criminals targeting commercial bank accounts. Consistent with industry trends, we have also experienced an increase in attempted electronic fraudulent activity, security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents in recent periods. Moreover, in recent periods, several large corporations, including financial institutions and retail companies, have suffered major data breaches, in some cases exposing not only confidential and proprietary corporate information, but also sensitive financial and other personal information of their customers and employees and subjecting them to potential fraudulent activity. Some of our clients may have been affected by these breaches, which could increase their risks of identity theft and other fraudulent activity that could involve their accounts with us.

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We also face risks related to cyberattacks and other security breaches in connection with debit card transactions that typically involve the transmission of sensitive information regarding our customers through various third parties, including

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retailers and payment processors. Some of these parties have in the past been the target of security breaches and cyberattacks, and because the transactions involve third parties and environments such as the point of sale that we do not control or secure, future security breaches or cyberattacks affecting any of these third parties could affect us through no fault of our own, and in some cases we may have exposure and suffer losses for breaches or attacks relating to them, including costs to replace compromised debit cards and address fraudulent transactions.

Information pertaining to us and our customers is maintained, and transactions are executed, on networks and systems maintained by us and certain third party partners, such as our online banking systems or reporting systems.third party services. The secure maintenance and transmission of confidential information, as well as execution of transactions over these systems, are essential to protect us and our customers against fraud and security breaches and to maintain our customers’ confidence. Breaches of information security also may occur, through intentional or unintentional acts by those having access to our systems or our customers’ or counterparties’ confidential information, including employees. In addition, increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third party technologies (including browsers and operating systems) or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our customers and underlying transactions, as well as the technology used by our customers to access our systems. Although we have developed, and continue to invest in, systems and processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyberattacks and periodically test our security, our or our third party partners’ inability to anticipate, or failure to adequately mitigate, breaches of security could result in: losses to us or our customers; our loss of business and/or customers; damage to our reputation; the incurrence of additional expenses; disruption to our business; our inability to grow our online services or other businesses; additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties; or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability—any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

More generally, publicized information concerning security and cyber-related problems could inhibit the use or growth of electronic or web-based applications or solutions as a means of conducting commercial transactions. Such publicity may also cause damage to our reputation as a financial institution. As a result, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems of third parties, and any systems failures, interruptions or data breaches involving these systems could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We are dependent for the majority of our technology, including our core operating system, on third-party providers. If these companies were to discontinue providing services to us, we may experience significant disruption to our business. In addition, each of these third parties faces the risk of cyber attack, information breach or loss, or technology failure. If any of our third-party service providers experience such difficulties, or if there is any other disruption in our relationships with them, we may be required to find alternative sources of such services. We are dependent on these third-party providers

securing their information systems, over which we have limited control, and a breach of their information systems could adversely affect our ability to process transactions, service our clients or manage our exposure to risk and could result in the disclosure of sensitive, personal customer information, which could have a material adverse impact on our business through damage to our reputation, loss of business, remedial costs, additional regulatory scrutiny or exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability. Assurance cannot be provided that we could negotiate terms with alternative service sources that are as favorable or could obtain services with similar functionality as found in existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all, thereby resulting in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

We continually encounter technological change.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new, technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to serve customers better and to reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to effectively embrace technology to better serve customers and reduce costs. The Corporation may be required to expandexpend additional

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resources to employ the latest technologies. Failure to keep pace with technological change could potentially have an adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition and results of operations.

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We may not be able to attract and retain key personnel and other skilled employees.

We are dependent on the ability and experience of a number of key management personnel, who have substantial experience with the markets in which we offer products and services, the financial services industry, and our operations. The loss of one or more senior executives or key managers may have an adverse effect on our businesses. We maintain change in control agreements with certain executive officers to aid in our retention of these individuals. Our success depends on our ability to continue to attract, manage, and retain other qualified management personnel.

New lines of business, products, product enhancements or services may subject us to additional risks.

From time to time, we may implement new lines of business or offer new products and product enhancements as well as new services within our existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances in which the markets are not fully developed. In implementing, developing or marketing new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services, we may invest significant time and resources, although webut may not assign the appropriate level of resources or expertise necessary to make these new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services successful or tofully realize their expected benefits. Further, initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services may not be achieved, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, may also affect the ultimate implementation of a new line of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services. Furthermore, any new line of business, product, product enhancement or service or system conversion could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We operate in a highly competitive and changing industry and market area and compete with both banks and non-banks.

The banking and financial services industry in our market area is highly competitive. We may not be able to compete effectively in our markets, which could adversely affect our results of operations. The increasingly competitive environment is a result of changes in regulation, advances in technology and product delivery systems, and consolidation among financial service providers. Larger institutions have greater resources and access to capital markets, with higher lending limits, more advanced technology and broader suites of services. Competition at times requires increases in deposit rates and decreases in loan rates, and adversely impact our net interest margin.

Our ability to maintain, attract and retain customer relationships is highly dependent on our reputation.

We rely, in part, on the reputation of the Bank to attract customers and retain our customer relationships. Damage to our reputation could undermine the confidence of our current and potential customers in our ability to provide high-quality financial services. Such damage could also impair the confidence of our counterparties and vendors and ultimately affect our ability to effect transactions. Maintenance of our reputation depends not only on our success in maintaining our service-focused culture and controlling and mitigating the various risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, but also on our success in identifying and appropriately addressing issues that may arise in areas such as potential conflicts of interest, anti-money laundering, customer personal information and privacy issues, customer and other third party fraud, record-keeping, regulatory investigations and any litigation that may arise from the failure or perceived failure of us to comply with legal and regulatory requirements. Maintaining our reputation also depends on our ability to successfully prevent third parties from infringing on the “Meridian” brand and associated trademarks and our other intellectual property. Defense of our reputation, trademarks and other intellectual property, including through litigation, could result in costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Accounting standards periodically change and the application of our accounting policies and methods may require management to make estimates about matters that are uncertain.

The regulatory bodies that establish accounting standards, including, among others, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC, periodically revise or issue new financial accounting and reporting standards that govern

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the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The effect of such revised or new standards on our financial statements can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, management must exercise judgment in appropriately applying many of our accounting policies and methods so they comply with generally accepted accounting principles. In some cases, management may have to select a particular accounting policy or method from two or more alternatives. In some cases, the accounting policy or method chosen might be reasonable under the circumstances and yet might result in our reporting materially different amounts than would have been reported if we had selected a different policy or method. Accounting policies are critical to fairly presenting our financial condition and results of operations and may require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are uncertain.

The Corporation’s controls and procedures may fail or be circumvented.

Our management diligently reviews and updates the Corporation’s internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any failure or undetected circumvention of these controls could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to COVID-19

Our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations have been, and will likely continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is creating extensivecreated economic and financial disruptions that adversely affected our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. While the pandemic-related restrictions imposed by state and local governments have largely been lifted, COVID-19 continues to disrupt business and negatively impact consumer and business confidence. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively affect our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted and many of which are outside of our control, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of our business continuity and health emergency response plans, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our employees, customers, clients, counterparties and service providers, as well as other market participants, and actions taken, or that may yet be taken, or inaction, by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the global economy and to the lives of individuals throughout the world. Governments, businesses, and the public are taking unprecedented actions to contain the spread of COVID-19 and to mitigate its effects, including quarantines, travel bans, shelter-in-place orders, closures of businesses and schools, fiscal stimulus, and legislation designed to deliver monetary aid and other relief. While the scope, duration, and full effects of COVID-19 are rapidly evolving and not fully known, the pandemic and related efforts to contain it have disrupted global economic activity, adversely affected the functioning of financial markets, impacted interest rates, increased economic and market uncertainty, and disrupted trade and supply chains. If these effects continue for a prolonged period or result in sustained economic stress or recession, many of the risk factors identified in our Form 10-K could be exacerbated and such effects could have a material adverse impact on us in a number of ways related to credit, collateral, customer demand, funding, operations, interest rate risk, and human capital, as described previously.

pandemic. Any disruption to our ability to deliver financial products or services to, or interact with, our clients and customers could result in losses or increased operational costs, regulatory fines, penalties and other sanctions, or harm our reputation.

We face an increased risk of litigation and governmental, regulatory and third-party scrutiny as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on market and economic conditions and actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions. Furthermore, various governmental programs such as the PPP are complex and our participation may lead to additional litigation and governmental, regulatory and third-party scrutiny, negative publicity and damage to our reputation.

Risks Related to Lending Activities

We must effectively manage the credit risks of our loan portfolio.

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Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. There are risks inherent in making loans, including risks of nonpayment, risks resulting from uncertainties of the future value of collateral, and risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions. We attempt to reduce our credit risk through prudent loan application, underwriting and approval procedures, including internal loan reviews before and after proceeds have been disbursed, careful monitoring of the concentration of our loans within specific industries, and collateral and guarantee requirements. These procedures cannot, however, be expected to completely eliminate our credit risks, and we can make no guarantees concerning the strength of our loan portfolio.

Our allowance for loan and lease losses may be insufficient, and an increase in the allowance would reduce earnings.

We maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses at a level we believe adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry

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concentrations; specific credit risks; credit loss experience; current loan portfolio quality; present economic, political and regulatory conditions; and unidentified losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates and management’s judgment of credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for loan losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition of additional loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of management. Also, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance. Any increases in provisions will result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, in June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326 -Credit Losses), commonly referenced as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”).  This standard will replace the current approach under GAAP for establishing allowances for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”), which generally considers only past events and current conditions, with a forward-looking methodology that reflects the expected credit losses over the lives of financial assets, starting when such assets are first originated or acquired. Under the revised methodology, credit losses will be measured based on past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions that affect the collectability of financial assets. We are currently evaluating the effect that the new accounting standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The standard will be effective for us as of January 1, 2023.

Our business, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the credit quality of, or defaults by, third parties who owe us money, securities or other assets or whose securities or obligations we hold.

In addition to relying on borrowers to repay their loans and leases, we are exposed to the risk that third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. A default by a significant market participant, or concerns that such a party may default, could lead to significant liquidity problems, losses or defaults by other parties, which in turn could adversely affect us.

We are also subject to the risk that our rights against third parties may not be enforceable in all circumstances. Deterioration in the credit quality of third parties whose securities or obligations we hold, including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Government National Mortgage Corporation and municipalities, could result in significant losses.

Our mortgage lending business may not provide us with significant non-interest income.

The residential mortgage business is highly competitive, and highly susceptible to changes in market interest rates, consumer confidence levels, employment statistics, the capacity and willingness of secondary market purchasers to acquire and hold or securitize loans, and other factors beyond our control.

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Because we sell substantially all of the mortgage loans we originate, the profitability of our mortgage banking business also depends in large part on our ability to aggregate a high volume of loans and sell them in the secondary market at a gain. In fact, as rates rise, we expect increasing industry-wide competitive pressures related to changing market conditions to reduce our pricing margins and mortgage revenues generally. Thus, in addition to our dependence on the interest rate environment, we are dependent upon (i) the existence of an active secondary market and (ii) our ability to profitably sell loans or securities into that market. If our level of mortgage production declines, the profitability will depend upon our ability to reduce our costs commensurate with the reduction of revenue from our mortgage operations.

Our ability to originate and sell mortgage loans readily is dependent upon the availability of an active secondary market for single-family mortgage loans, which in turn depends in part upon the continuation of programs currently offered by government-sponsored entities (“GSEs”) and other institutional and non-institutional investors. These entities account for a substantial portion of the secondary market in residential mortgage loans. We are highly dependent on these purchasers

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continuing their mortgage purchasing programs. Additionally, because the largest participants in the secondary market are Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, GSEs whose activities are governed by federal law, any future changes in laws that significantly affect the activity of these GSEs could, in turn, adversely affect our operations. Since September 2008 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been operating in a conservatorship setup by the U.S. government as a response to the financial crisis of 2008.  The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) continues to carry out its responsibilities as conservator.

Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the federal government and we face specific risks associated with originating SBA loans.

Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the federal government. As an SBA Preferred Lender, we enable our clients to obtain SBA loans without being subject to the potentially lengthy SBA approval process necessary for lenders that are not SBA Preferred Lenders. The SBA periodically reviews the lending operations of participating lenders to assess, among other things, whether the lender exhibits prudent risk management. When weaknesses are identified, the SBA may request corrective actions or impose enforcement actions, including revocation of the lender’s Preferred Lender status. If we lose our status as a Preferred Lender, we may lose some or all of our customers to lenders who are SBA Preferred Lenders. Also, any changes to the SBA program, including changes to the level of guarantee provided by the federal government on SBA loans, could adversely affect our business and earnings.

We generally sell the guaranteed portion of our SBA 7(a) program loans in the secondary market. These sales have resulted in premium income for us at the time of sale and created a stream of future servicing income. We may not be able to continue originating these loans or selling them in the secondary market. Furthermore, even if we are able to continue originating and selling SBA 7(a) program loans in the secondary market, we might not continue to realize premiums upon the sale of the guaranteed portion of these loans. When we sell the guaranteed portion of our SBA 7(a) program loans, we incur credit risk on the non-guaranteed portion of the loans, and if a customer defaults on the non-guaranteed portion of a loan, we share any loss and recovery related to the loan pro-rata with the SBA. If the SBA establishes that a loss on an SBA guaranteed loan is attributable to significant technical deficiencies in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced by us, the SBA may seek recovery of the principal loss related to the deficiency from us, which could adversely affect our business and earnings.

The laws, regulations and standard operating procedures that are applicable to SBA loan products may change in the future. We cannot predict the effects of these changes on our business and profitability. Because government regulation greatly affects the business and financial results of all commercial banks and bank holding companies, changes in the laws, regulations and procedures applicable to SBA loans could adversely affect our business and earnings.

Our loan servicing rights could become impaired, which may require us to take non-cash charges. 

Because we retain the servicing rights on many loans we sell in the secondary market, we are required to record mortgage servicing right assets and SBA servicing right assets, which we test quarterly for impairment. The values of these servicing rights are heavily dependent on market interest rates and tends to increase with rising interest rates and decrease with falling interest rates. If we are required to record an impairment charge, it would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify buyers against losses in some circumstances, which could harm liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.

We sell substantially all of the mortgage loans held for sale that we originated. When mortgage loans are sold, whether as whole loans or pursuant to a securitization, we are required to make customary representations and warranties to purchasers, guarantors and insurers, including the GSEs, about the mortgage loans and the manner in which they were originated. Whole loan sale agreements require repurchase or substitute mortgage loans, or indemnify buyers against losses, in the event we breach these representations or warranties. In addition, we may be required to repurchase mortgage loans as a result of early payment default of the borrower on a mortgage loan, resulting in these mortgage loans being placed on our books and subjecting us to the risk of a potential default.

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We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with our lending activities and with the property we own.

In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. The Corporation may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination or the release of hazardous or toxic substances at a property. Our policies and procedures require environmental factors to be considered during the loan application process. An environmental review is performed before initiating any commercial foreclosure action; however, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. Possible remediation costs and liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our business is significantly dependent on the real estate markets in which we operate, as a significant percentage of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate or mortgage loans originated for sale.

Many of the loans in our portfolio are secured by real estate. As of December 31, 2020,2021, our real estate loans, excluding mortgages held for sale, include $140.2$160.9 million of construction and development loans, $65.0$52.3 million of home equity

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loans, $485.1$516.9 million of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans and $52.5$68.2 million of residential mortgage loans, with the majority of these real estate loans concentrated in the southeast Pennsylvania, Delaware and southern New Jersey. Real property values in our market may be different from, and in some instances worse than, real property values in other markets or in the United States as a whole, and may be affected by a variety of factors outside of our control and the control of our borrowers, including national and local economic conditions, generally. Southeast Pennsylvania, Delaware and southern New Jersey has experienced volatility in real estate values over the past decade. Declines in real estate values, including prices for homes and commercial properties in southeast Pennsylvania, Delaware and southern New Jersey, could result in a deterioration of the credit quality of our borrowers, an increase in the number of loan delinquencies, defaults and charge-offs, and reduced demand for our products and services, generally.

Risks Related our Wealth Management Business

An economic slowdown could impact Meridian Wealth division revenues.

A general economic slowdown may cause current clients to seek alternative investment opportunities with other providers, which would decrease the value of Meridian Wealth’s assets under management resulting in lower fee income to the Corporation.  

A significant decrease in Meridian Wealth’s assets under management could also lead to impairment of the goodwill recorded upon the acquisition of HJ Wealth in 2017. Goodwill is initially recorded at fair value and is not amortized, but is reviewed at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. If our estimates of goodwill fair value change, we may determine that impairment charges are necessary. Estimates of fair value are determined based on a complex model using cash flows and company comparisons. If management’s estimates of future cash flows are inaccurate, the fair value determined could be inaccurate and impairment may not be recognized in a timely manner. 

Risks Related to Interest Rates

Fluctuations in market interest rates, particularly in a continuing period of low market interest rates, and relative balances of rate-sensitive assets to rate-sensitive liabilities, can negatively impact net interest margin and net interest income.

Our results of operations are largely dependent on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Therefore, any change in general market interest rates, including changes resulting from the Federal Reserve Board’s policies, can have a significant effect on our net interest income and total income. There may be mismatches between the maturity and repricing of our assets and liabilities that could cause the net interest rate spread to compress, depending on the level and type of changes in the interest rate environment. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general

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economic conditions and the policies of various governmental agencies. In addition, some of our customers often have the ability to prepay loans or redeem deposits with either no penalties or penalties that are insufficient to compensate us for the lost income. A significant reduction in our net interest income will adversely affect our business and results of operations. If we are unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed.

Increases in interest rate may negatively impact the volume of mortgage originations and re-financings, adversely affecting the profitability of our mortgage segment. Increases in interest rates generally decrease the market values of loans held, the value of mortgage and other loans produced, including long term fixed-rate loans and the value of loans sold, mortgage loan activities and the collateral securing our loans, and therefore may adversely affect our liquidity and earnings, to the extent not offset by potential increases in our net interest margin.

Changes in interest rates might also impact the values of equity and debt securities under management and administration by the Meridian Wealth which may have a negative impact on fee income.

Like all financial institutions, the Corporation's consolidated statement of financial condition is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. See the section entitled “Interest Rate Risk” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition, for the Corporation’s position on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

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Risks Related to Regulation

Changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and/or increase our costs of operations.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and examination by our primary federal regulators, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and federal regulators of the FDIC and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, and by the FDIC, the regulating authority that insures customer deposits.Philadelphia. Also, as a member of the FHLB, the Bank must comply with applicable regulations of the Federal Housing Finance Agency and the FHLB. Regulation by these agencies is intended primarily for the protection of our depositors and the deposit insurance fund and not for the benefit of our shareholders. The Bank's activities are also regulated under consumer protection laws applicable to our lending, deposit, and other activities. A large claim against the Bank under these laws or an enforcement action by our regulators could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose restrictions on our operations, comments on the classification of our assets, and determine the level of our allowance for credit losses. These regulations, along with the currently existing tax, accounting, securities, deposit insurance and monetary laws, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations, control the ways financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives, and prepare financial reporting and disclosures. Changes in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, new regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations. Further, compliance with such regulation may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities.

We cannot predict the effect of legislative and regulatory initiatives, which could increase our costs of doing business and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Changes to statutes, regulations, regulatory or accounting policies could affect the Corporation in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject the Corporation to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products the Corporation may offer, limit the fees we may charge, increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, change regulatory capital requirements or the required size of our allowance for loan losses and change deposit insurance assessments, any of which would negatively impact our financial condition and result of operations. Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation's business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We are subject to capital adequacy requirements and may be subject to more stringent capital requirements.

We are subject to capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements specifying minimum amounts and types of capital that we must maintain. From time to time, the regulators change these regulatory capital adequacy and liquidity guidelines. If we fail to meet these minimum capital adequacy and liquidity guidelines and other regulatory requirements, we or our subsidiaries may be restricted in the types of activities we may conduct and we may be prohibited from taking certain capital actions, such as paying dividends and repurchasing or redeeming capital securities. See “Supervision and Regulation—Regulatory Capital Requirements” for more information on the capital adequacy standards that we must meet and maintain.

While we currently meet the requirements of the Basel III-based Capital Rules, we may fail to do so in the future. The failure to meet applicable regulatory capital requirements could result in one or more of our regulators placing limitations or conditions on our activities, including our growth initiatives, or restricting the commencement of new activities, and could affect customer and investor confidence, our costs of funds and level of required deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC, our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock, our ability to make acquisitions, and our business, results of operations and financial conditions, generally.

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General Risk Factors

Our stock price, like many of our peers, may be volatile, and you could lose part or all of your investment as a result.

Our stock price may fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations;
the failure of securities analysts to cover, or continue to cover, us after this offering;
operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
news reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in the financial services industry;
perceptions in the marketplace regarding us, our competitors or other financial institutions;
future sales of our common stock;
departure of our management team or other key personnel;
new technology used, or services offered, by competitors;
significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving us or our competitors;
changes or proposed changes in laws or regulations, or differing interpretations thereof affecting our business, or enforcement of these laws and regulations;
litigation and governmental investigations; and
geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts.

Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an “emerging growth company” our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with these accounting standards as of the public company effective dates.

We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with these accounting standards as of the public company effective dates. Consequently, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Because our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we plan to rely on this exemption. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

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Certain banking laws and certain provisions of our articles of incorporation may have an anti-takeover effect.

Provisions of federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, could make it difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial to our shareholders. Acquisition of 10% or more of any class of voting stock of a bank holding company or depository institution, generally creates a rebuttable presumption that the acquirer “controls” the bank holding company or depository institution. Also, a bank holding company must obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before, among other things, acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any bank, including the Bank.

There also are provisions in our articles of incorporation and our bylaws, such as limitations on the ability to call a special meeting of our shareholders, that may be used to delay or block a takeover attempt. In addition, our board of directors are be authorized under our articles of incorporation to issue shares of our preferred stock, and determine the rights, terms conditions and privileges of such preferred stock, without shareholder approval. These provisions may effectively inhibit a non-negotiated merger or other business combination, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The Corporation is headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania and has six full-service branches. Its main branch, in Paoli, serves the Main Line. The West Chester and Media branches serve Chester and Delaware counties, respectively, while the Doylestown and Blue Bell branches serve Bucks and Montgomery counties, respectively. In addition to our deposit taking branches, there are currently 1719 other offices, including headquarters for Corporate and Operations, the Wealth Division and the Mortgage Division. Other than our corporate and operations headquarters, all of our offices are leased. The Bank had a net book value of $5.8 million for all locations at December 31, 2020.2021.

Branch locations:

Paoli Branch – 1176 Lancaster Avenue, Paoli, PA 19301
West Chester Branch – 16 W. Market Street, West Chester, PA 19382
Media Branch – 100 E. State Street, Media, PA 19063
Doylestown Branch – 1719A S. Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18901
Blue Bell Branch – 653 Skippack Pike, Ste. 116, Blue Bell, PA 19422
Philadelphia Branch – 1760 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103

Other offices:

Corporate Headquarters – 9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, PA 19355
Mortgage Headquarters – 653 Skippack Pike, Suite 200, Blue Bell, PA 19462
Operations Headquarters – 367 Eagleview Boulevard, Exton, PA 19341
Meridian Wealth Office – 653 Skippack Pike, Suite 200, Blue Bell, PA 19462
SBA Lending Group Office -1760 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103
Commercial Loan Office – 24860 S. Tamiami Trail, Suite 3, Bonita Springs, FL 34134
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 1601 Concord Pike, Suite 45, Wilmington, DE 19803
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 5301 Limestone Road, Suite 202, Wilmington, DE 19801
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 22128 Sussex Highway, Seaford, DE 19973
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 111 Continental Drive, Suite 406, Newark, DE 19713
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 5001 Louise Drive, Suite 101, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 350 Highland Drive, Suite 160, Mountville, PA 17554
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 2330 New Road, Northfield, NJ 08225
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 1221 College Park Drive, Suite 118, Dover, DE 19904
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 8894 Stanford Boulevard, #203, Columbia, MD 21045
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 2448 Holly Avenue, Ste. 100, Annapolis, MD 21401

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Mortgage Loan Production Office – 10101 Philadelphia110 West Road, 2nd Fl., Baltimore,Towson, MD 2123721204
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 22 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Towson,9515 Deereco Road, Timonium, MD 2120421093
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 2028 E. Joppa Road, 2nd Fl., Baltimore, MD 21234
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 4940 Campbell Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21236
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 15722 Crabbs Branch Way, Ste. 2D, Rockville, MD 20855
Mortgage Loan Production Office – 2809 Boston Street, Ste. 505, Baltimore, MD 21224

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

On November 21, 2017, three former employees of the mortgage-banking division of the Bank filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Juan Jordan et al. v. Meridian Bank, Thomas Campbell and Christopher Annas, against the Bank purporting to be a class and collective action seeking unpaid and overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law, and the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act of 1968 on behalf of similarly situated plaintiffs. In September 2019, plaintiffs’ counsel and the Bank agreed to move forward with non-binding mediation.  Although the Bank believed it had strong and meritorious defenses, given the expense and inconvenience of  litigation, on July 24, 2019 through mediation, the Bank reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle this litigation for $990 thousand in total. The Bank had a litigation reserve of $990 thousand at December 31, 2019.  The parties submitted a negotiated settlement agreement to the court, and received final court

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approval on December 19, 2019. On February 29, 2020 the Bank made a payment of $1.0 million in final settlement of this matter, which included additional minor expenses.None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Shares of our common stock trade on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "MRBK".  As of March 25, 2021,11, 2022, there were approximately 1961,581 registered shareholders of the Corporation's common stock. Certain shares are held in “nominee” or “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.

Share Repurchases

The was no repurchasing activity offollowing table presents the Corporationshares repurchased by the Corporation’s during the fourth quarter of 2020.2021.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Total Number of

Maximum Number

Shares Purchased

of Shares that May

as Part of Publicly

Yet Be Purchased

    

Total Number of

    

Average Price Paid

    

Announced Plans or

    

Under the Plan or

Period

Shares Purchased

Per Share

Programs (1)

Programs

October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021

25,935

$

29.56

25,935

80,837

November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021

2,267

31.71

2,267

80,837

Total

28,202

$

29.91

28,202

80,837

(1)On April 26, 2021, the Corporation announced a stock repurchase plan pursuant to which the Corporation may repurchase up to $6 million of the company’s outstanding common stock, par value $1.00 per share. Stock will be purchased from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, at the discretion of management of the company in accordance with legal requirements. On August 30, 2021, the Corporation announced that the purchase limit under the stock repurchase plan has been increased to $20 million of the company’s outstanding common stock over a two-year period.
(2)As of December 31, 2021, the maximum number of shares remaining authorized for repurchase was approximately 80,837, based on funds remaining under the plan of approximately $3.0 million and a share price of $36.77 as of December 31, 2021.

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Dividend Policy

In 2020 the Corporation commenced quarterly cash dividends on its common stock. The Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share, payable August 24,During 2020 to shareholders of record as of August 10, 2020. On October 22, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share, payable November 23, 2020, to shareholders of record as of November 9, 2020. On January 28,and 2021 the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share, payable February 22, 2021, to shareholders of recorddividends as of February 8, 2021.follows:

Date

Date of

Date

Quarterly

Special

Declared

    

Record

Paid

Dividend

Dividend

July 23, 2020

August 10, 2020

August 24, 2020

$

0.125

$

October 22, 2020

November 9, 2020

November 23, 2020

0.125

January 28, 2021

February 8, 2021

February 22, 2021

0.125

February 16, 2021

March 1, 2021

March 15, 2021

1.00

April 22, 2021

May 10, 2021

May 17, 2021

0.125

July 22, 2021

August 9, 2021

August 16, 2021

0.125

October 28, 2021

November 15, 2021

November 22, 2021

0.200

Special DividendDividends

On February 16, 2021, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share on its Common Stock, payable on March 15, 2021 to shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.

On October, 28, 2021, the Corporation’s Board of Directors increased its quarterly dividend to $0.20 per share from $0.125 per share.

On January 27, 2022, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share on its Common Stock, payable on February 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of February 14, 2022.

Future dividend payments will depend upon maintenance of a strong financial condition, future earnings and capital and regulatory requirements. Also, the Corporation and the Bank are subject to restrictions on the amount of dividends that may be paid without approval of banking regulatory authorities.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Selected historical consolidated financial information

The following table should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,"Operations", each of which is included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of and for the Years Ended December 31, 

As of and for the Years Ended December 31, 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

    

2016

2021

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

Selected period End Balance Sheet Data:

Selected Period End Balance Sheet Data:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

36,744

39,371

23,952

35,506

18,872

$

23,480

36,744

39,371

23,952

35,506

Investment securities

130,072

67,636

63,169

52,867

47,552

165,674

130,072

67,636

63,169

52,867

Loans receivable, gross

1,284,764

964,710

838,106

694,637

604,291

1,386,457

1,284,764

964,710

838,106

694,637

Loans held for sale

229,199

33,704

37,695

35,024

39,573

80,882

229,199

33,704

37,695

35,024

Allowance for loans losses

(17,767)

(9,513)

(8,053)

(6,709)

(5,425)

(18,758)

(17,767)

(9,513)

(8,053)

(6,709)

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

4,500

4,773

5,046

5,495

4,278

4,500

4,773

5,046

5,495

Total assets

1,720,197

1,150,019

997,480

856,035

733,693

1,713,443

1,720,197

1,150,019

997,480

856,035

Interest-bearing deposits

1,037,492

711,718

625,980

526,655

431,034

1,171,885

1,037,492

711,718

625,980

526,655

Total deposits

1,241,335

851,168

752,130

627,109

527,136

1,446,413

1,241,335

851,168

752,130

627,109

Total liabilities

1,578,575

1,029,324

887,928

754,672

663,730

1,548,083

1,578,575

1,029,324

887,928

754,672

Total Stockholders' equity

141,622

120,695

109,552

101,363

69,963

Total stockholders' equity

165,360

141,622

120,695

109,552

101,363

Selected Income Statement Data:

Interest income

$

62,656

52,863

44,064

35,720

30,980

$

71,522

62,656

52,863

44,064

35,720

Interest expense

13,660

16,527

11,407

6,782

5,192

8,411

13,660

16,527

11,407

6,782

Net interest income

48,996

36,336

32,657

28,938

25,788

63,111

48,996

36,336

32,657

28,938

Provisions for loan losses

8,302

901

1,577

2,161

1,198

1,070

8,302

901

1,577

2,161

Net interest income after provisions for loan losses

40,694

35,435

31,080

26,777

24,590

62,041

40,694

35,435

31,080

26,777

Non-interest income

86,918

32,893

32,355

36,700

42,844

87,988

86,918

32,893

32,355

36,700

Non-interest expense

93,076

54,814

52,945

57,691

59,913

103,727

93,076

54,814

52,945

57,691

Net income before income taxes

34,536

13,514

10,490

5,786

7,521

46,302

34,536

13,514

10,490

5,786

Income tax expense (benefit)

8,098

3,033

2,327

2,754

2,599

Income tax expense

10,717

8,098

3,033

2,327

2,754

Net income

26,438

10,481

8,163

3,032

4,922

35,585

26,438

10,481

8,163

3,032

Preferred stock dividends and net accretion

(1,167)

(1,156)

(1,167)

Net income available to common stockholders

26,438

10,481

8,163

1,865

3,767

35,585

26,438

10,481

8,163

1,865

Selected Per Share Data:

Earnings per common share, basic

$

4.32

1.64

1.28

0.50

1.12

$

5.91

4.32

1.64

1.28

0.50

Earnings per common share, diluted

$

4.27

1.63

1.27

0.49

1.11

$

5.73

4.27

1.63

1.27

0.49

Book value per common share

$

23.08

18.84

17.10

15.86

15.50

$

27.07

23.08

18.84

17.10

15.86

Tangible book value per share(1)

$

22.35

18.09

16.31

15.00

15.50

$

26.37

22.35

18.09

16.31

15.00

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

6,122

6,407

6,397

3,743

3,362

6,019

6,122

6,407

6,397

3,743

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

6,187

6,438

6,427

3,770

3,389

6,206

6,187

6,438

6,427

3,770

Shares outstanding at the end of period

6,136

6,405

6,407

6,392

3,685

6,108

6,136

6,405

6,407

6,392

Selected Performance Metrics:

Return on average assets (ROAA)

1.78%

1.01%

0.90%

0.39%

0.71%

2.06%

1.78%

1.01%

0.90%

0.39%

Return on average equity (ROAE)

21.33%

9.09%

7.77%

3.97%

7.69%

23.74%

21.33%

9.09%

7.77%

3.97%

Net interest spread

3.17%

3.21%

3.44%

3.69%

3.67%

3.62%

3.17%

3.21%

3.44%

3.69%

Net interest margin (NIM)

3.40%

3.65%

3.80%

3.93%

3.87%

3.77%

3.40%

3.65%

3.80%

3.93%

Efficiency ratio

68.48%

79.18%

81.44%

87.78%

87.30%

68.65%

68.48%

79.18%

81.44%

87.78%

Noninterest income to average assets

5.85%

3.17%

3.62%

4.69%

6.21%

Noninterest expense to average assets

6.26%

5.29%

5.87%

7.41%

8.68%

Non-interest income to average assets

5.09%

5.85%

3.17%

3.62%

4.69%

Non-interest expense to average assets

6.00%

6.26%

5.29%

5.87%

7.41%

Yield on interest-earning assets

4.35%

5.30%

5.14%

4.83%

4.62%

4.27%

4.35%

5.30%

5.14%

4.83%

Cost of interest-bearing liabilities

1.18%

2.10%

1.69%

1.16%

0.95%

0.65%

1.18%

2.10%

1.69%

1.16%

Yield on loans

4.59%

5.51%

5.35%

5.10%

4.89%

4.64%

4.59%

5.51%

5.35%

5.10%

Cost of deposits

1.07%

1.97%

1.54%

0.95%

0.77%

0.48%

1.07%

1.97%

1.54%

0.95%

Selected Credit Quality Ratios:

Nonperforming assets to total assets

0.46%

0.29%

0.39%

0.42%

0.73%

Nonperforming loans to total loans

0.62%

0.34%

0.45%

0.43%

0.83%

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

224.04%

294.12%

204.85%

212.51%

101.90%

Non-performing assets to total assets

1.34%

0.46%

0.29%

0.39%

0.42%

Non-performing loans to total loans

1.57%

0.52%

0.34%

0.45%

0.43%

Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans

81.60%

224.04%

294.12%

204.85%

212.51%

Allowance for loan losses to total loans

1.38%

0.99%

0.96%

0.92%

0.84%

1.35%

1.38%

0.99%

0.96%

0.92%

Allowance for loan losses to total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans) (1)

1.65%

1.00%

1.01%

0.96%

0.90%

1.46%

1.65%

1.00%

1.01%

0.96%

Net charge-offs to average loans

0.00%

(0.06)%

0.03%

0.13%

0.17%

0.01%

0.00%

(0.06)%

0.03%

0.13%

Corporation Capital Ratios:

Tier 1 leverage capital ratio

8.96%

10.55%

11.16%

12.37%

9.67%

9.39%

8.96%

10.55%

11.16%

12.37%

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio

10.22%

11.21%

11.72%

12.86%

10.62%

10.83%

10.22%

11.21%

11.72%

12.86%

Total risk-based capital ratio

14.55%

16.10%

13.66%

15.53%

13.51%

14.81%

14.55%

16.10%

13.66%

15.53%

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio

10.22%

11.21%

11.72%

12.86%

8.68%

10.83%

10.22%

11.21%

11.72%

12.86%

(1) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures section below

(1) A non-GAAP measure. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures section for reconciliation to GAAP.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Recent Market Conditions

Our financial condition and performance, as well as the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, the value of collateral securing those loans, as well asand demand for loans and other products and services that we offer, are all highly dependent on the business environment in the primary markets in which we operate and in the United States as a whole. As discussed further in Part I, Item 1, during the first quarter of 2020, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19)COVID-19 spread around the world, including the United States. COVID-19 and its associated impacts on trade (including supply chains and export levels), travel, employee productivity and other economic activities have had are currently having and will continue to have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and economic activity. The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance is currently uncertain, cannot be predicted and will depend largely on certain developments, including, among others,when it is widely considered that the duration and spread of COVID-19, its impact on our customers, employees and vendors, and governmental, regulatory and private sector responses, which may be precautionary, to the coronavirus.

In light of the changing economic outlook as a result of COVID-19, as well as other factors, including the possibility of an oil price war in March 2020, the 10-year Treasury yield had fallen to historic lows,pandemic has ended and the equity markets were and continue to be significantly impacted. In response, the Federal Reserve reduced the target federal funds rate by 50 basis points on March 3, 2020, and then by an additional 100 basis points on March 15, 2020. Since the assets and liabilities of the Corporation are significantly impacted by changes in interest rates, the Corporation adjusted its deposit and loan offering rates and continues to monitor them during this crisis.negative impacts have lessened.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and conform to general practices within the industry in which we operate.  To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates, assumptions and judgments based on available information.  These estimates, assumptions and judgments affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  These estimates, assumptions and judgements are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and, as this information changes, actual results could differ from the estimates, assumptions and judgments reflected in the financial statements.  In particular, management has identified the provision and allowance for loan and lease losses as the accounting policy that, due to the estimates, assumptions and judgements inherent in that policy, is critical in understanding our financial statements. Management has presented the application of this policy to the audit committee of our board of directors.

TheAs an emerging growth company, the JOBS Act permits us an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies.  We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included in this Annual Report, as well as any financial statements that we file in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for the transition period for so long as we remain an emerging growth company (expected to end as of December 31, 2022) or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act.  If we do so, we will prominently disclose this decision in the first periodic report filed with the SEC following our decision, and such decision is irrevocable.  

The following is a discussion of the critical accounting policies and significant estimates that require us to make complex and subjective judgments.  Additional information about these policies can be found in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in footnote 1 of the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019.  

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Table of Contents

2020.  

Provision and allowance for loan and lease losses

The provision for loan and lease losses reflects the amount required to maintain the allowance for loan and lease losses (“Allowance”) at an appropriate level based upon management’s evaluation of the adequacy of general and specific loss reserves.  

The Allowance is maintained at a level that management believes is appropriate to provide for incurred loan and lease losses as of the date of the Consolidated Balance Sheet and we have established methodologies for the determination of its adequacy.  The methodologies are set forth in a formal policy and take into consideration the need for an overall general allowance as well as specific allowances that are determined on an individual loan basis for impaired loans.  We increase ourThe Allowance is increased by charging provisions for losses against our income and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries.  

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The evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.  While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans and leases, changes in economic or other conditions may necessitate revision of the estimate in future periods.  

The Allowance is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses based upon an ongoing review of the originated loan and lease portfolios by portfolio category, which includeincludes consideration of actual loss experience, peer loss experience, changes in the size and risk profile of the portfolio, identification of individual problem loan and lease situations which may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, and evaluation of prevailing economic conditions.

Results of operations – Years ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020

Overview

Our reported netNet income was $35.6 million, or $5.73 per diluted share, for the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2020, was2021 compared to net income of $26.4 million, or $4.27 per diluted common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was due largely to the increase in net interest income of $14.1 million, combined with a $1.1 million increase in non-interest income and a $7.2 million decline in the provision for loan losses, partially offset by increases in non-interest expense and income taxes of $10.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively.  

Net interest income

Net interest income increased $14.1 million, or 28.8%, to $63.1 million from $49.0 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, compared to $10.5the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.  Growth in net interest income period over period reflects an increase in interest income of $8.9 million or $1.63 per diluted common sharealong with a decrease in interest expense of $5.2 million.  The increase in interest income was led by growth in portfolio loans, most notably commercial real estate loans, lease financings, and SBA loans, that contributed $3.6 million, $3.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, to the increase in interest income, while the continued forgiveness of PPP loans led to an increase in interest and fee income of $2.3 million, period over period. As of December 31, 2021 there was approximately $2 million in PPP fees yet to be recorded in income.

The net interest margin increased 37 basis points to 3.77% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 3.40% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The margin in 2020 was negatively impacted by the rapid decline in Fed fund rates as well as the effects of the PPP loan program, while the margin in 2021 felt a positive impact from the PPP loan program as approximately 78% of these loans were forgiven during 2021, leading to a yield on PPP loans of 4.41% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, compared to 3.09% for the same period in 2019. The2020.  Other contributors to the margin expansion for 2021 related to the increase was driven by growth in earning assets, which contributed $9.8 million in increased interest income, as well as growth in non-interest fee producing divisions such as mortgage, wealthbearing deposits, which rose $68.1 million on average, and SBA. The increase in net income was also driven by a $2.9 million decrease in interest expense, while the provision for loan losses increased $7.4 million.  Total net non-interest income (non-interest income less non-interest expense) improved $15.8 million.

Net interest income

Our earnings are derived from net interest income, which is our interest income less interest expense. Changes in our balance sheet composition, including interest-earning assets, deposits, and borrowings, combined with changes in market interest rates, impact our net interest income. Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. We manage our interest-earning assets and funding sources, including non-interest and interest-bearing liabilities, in order to maximize this margin. Net interest income on a tax equivalent yield basis (“TEY”) increased by $12.8 million, or 35.1%, to $49.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $36.4 million for the same period in 2019. Our net interest margin was 3.40% on a TEY for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 3.65% for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in net interest margin, year-over-year, reflects the declining yield on certain interest earnings assets, somewhat offset by the declining cost of funds.  deposits decreased (59 basis points).

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Table of Contents

Average balance sheet, interest and yield/rate analysis.

The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yield earned, on a tax equivalent basis, and rates paid for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020. The average balances are principally daily averages and, for loans, include both performing and nonperforming loans.

2020

2019

2021

2020

Interest

Interest

Interest

Interest

For the Year Ended December 31,

Average

Income/

Yields/

Average

Income/

Yields/

Average

Income/

Yields/

Average

Income/

Yields/

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

rates

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

rates

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

rates

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

rates

Assets

Interest-earning assets

Due from banks

$

9,351

31

0.33%

$

6,429

140

2.17%

$

30,844

41

0.13%

$

9,351

31

0.33%

Federal funds sold

17,795

38

0.21%

930

24

2.64%

17,823

7

0.04%

17,795

38

0.21%

Investment securities(1)

102,285

2,408

2.35%

62,900

1,642

2.61%

148,160

2,927

2.01%

102,285

2,408

2.35%

Loans held for sale

127,829

3,693

2.89%

28,980

1,164

4.01%

125,444

3,540

2.82%

127,829

3,693

2.89%

Loans held for investment(1)(2)

1,187,819

56,675

4.77%

898,810

49,973

5.53%

1,358,282

65,292

4.81%

1,187,819

56,675

4.77%

Total loans

1,315,648

60,368

4.59%

927,790

51,137

5.51%

1,483,726

68,832

4.64%

1,315,648

60,368

4.59%

Total interest-earning assets

1,445,079

62,845

4.35%

998,049

52,943

5.30%

1,680,553

71,807

4.27%

1,445,079

62,845

4.35%

Noninterest earning assets

41,400

38,320

48,015

41,400

Total assets

$

1,486,479

$

1,036,369

$

1,728,568

$

1,486,479

Liabilities and stockholders' equity

Interest bearing liabilities

Interest-bearing deposits

$

195,141

1,644

0.84%

$

92,695

1,461

1.57%

$

257,950

880

0.34%

$

195,141

1,644

0.84%

Money market and savings deposits

428,227

3,606

0.84%

303,463

5,239

1.73%

630,977

3,346

0.53%

428,227

3,606

0.84%

Time deposits

312,528

4,720

1.51%

310,293

7,207

2.32%

245,923

1,268

0.52%

312,528

4,720

1.51%

Total deposits

935,896

9,970

1.07%

706,451

13,907

1.97%

1,134,850

5,494

0.48%

935,896

9,970

1.07%

Short-term borrowings

59,322

882

1.49%

68,059

1,696

2.49%

Long-term borrowings

119,879

421

0.35%

2,328

71

3.06%

Total Borrowings

179,201

1,303

0.73%

70,387

1,767

2.51%

119,721

534

0.45%

179,201

1,303

0.73%

Subordinated Debentures

41,010

2,387

5.73%

10,704

853

7.96%

40,724

2,383

5.85%

41,010

2,387

5.73%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

1,156,107

13,660

1.18%

787,542

16,527

2.10%

1,295,295

8,411

0.65%

1,156,107

13,660

1.18%

Non-interest bearing deposits

190,209

126,001

258,298

190,209

Other non-interest bearing liabilities

16,240

7,570

25,100

16,240

Total liabilities

$

1,362,556

$

921,113

$

1,578,693

$

1,362,556

Total stockholders' equity

123,923

115,256

149,875

123,923

Total stockholders' equity and liabilities

$

1,486,479

$

1,036,369

$

1,728,568

$

1,486,479

Net interest income (1)

$

49,185

$

36,416

Net interest spread (1)

3.17%

3.21%

Net interest margin (1)

3.40%

3.65%

Tax-equivalent net interest income / net interest spread

$

63,396

3.62%

$

49,185

3.17%

Tax-equivalent net interest margin

3.77%

3.40%

Tax-equivalent adjustment

(285)

(189)

Net interest income

$

63,111

$

48,996

(1)Yields and net interest income and ratios are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

(2)Average balances include non-accrual loans.

Rate/Volume Analysis

During 2020,2021, net interest income increased $12.8$14.2 million or 35.1%28.9% on a tax equivalent basis. As shown in the following Rate/Volume Analysis table, this increase was primarily attributable to volume changes. Volume related changes contributed $13.3$8.6 million towards interest income, which was partially offset by unfavorablecombined with favorable changes in rate of $567 thousand.$5.6 million.

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The favorable change in net interest income due to volume changes was driven largely from growth in total loans, which increased $387.9$168.1 million on average. This increase contributed $17.2$8.1 million to interest income. Total investment securities,

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Table of Contents

cash and cash equivalents increased $59.2$67.4 million on average combined, an increase of $1 millioncontributed $955 thousand to interest income. On the funding side, interest checking and money market accounts together rose $227.2$265.6 million on average during the year, reducing net interest income by $2.7 million. Time$1.8 million, time deposits increased $2.2decreased $66.6 million on average year over year, causing a slightly unfavorablefavorable change of $51$844 thousand to net interest income. Average borrowings increased $108.8decreased $59.5 million and had an unfavorablea favorable impact of $271$496 thousand on net interest income, while the increase of $30.3 million increase in average subordinated debt contributed $1.8 million unfavorably to net interest income.

The unfavorablefavorable change in net interest income due to rate changes was driven largely from the decrease in the yield on interest-earning assetscost of deposits which decreasedincreased net interest income $8.3$5.4 million.  The unfavorable rate change due to cash and investments was $372$457 thousand. TheAn increase in the yield on loans held for investment declined 76 basis points resulting in a $7.6 million decreaseduring 2021 contributed $407 thousand to the favorable change in net interest income.  These unfavorable changes in net interest income were nearly offset by a reduction in the cost of funds. Most notably the decline in the cost of deposits contributed a favorable $6.7 million to net interest income as the cost of interest-bearing deposits, money market and savings deposits, and time deposits decreased 73, 89, and 81 basis points, respectively.

The following table sets forth, among other things, the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected interest income and expense for the periods noted (tax-exempt yields have been adjusted to a tax equivalent basis using a 22%23.2% tax rate). For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to (i) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by old volume) and (ii) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by new rate). The net change attributable to the combined impact of rate and volume has been allocated proportionately to the change due to rate and the change due to volume.

December 31, 2020 Compared to 2019

December 31, 2021 Compared to 2020

Change in interest due to:

Change in Interest Due to:

(dollars in thousands)

Rate

    

Volume

    

Total

Rate

    

Volume

    

Total

Interest income:

Due from banks

$

(154)

45

(109)

$

(27)

37

10

Federal funds sold

(42)

56

14

(31)

0

(31)

Investment securities(1)

(176)

942

766

(399)

918

519

Loans held for sale

(409)

2,938

2,529

(85)

(68)

(153)

Loans held for investment(1)

(7,556)

14,258

6,702

492

8,125

8,617

Total loans

(7,965)

17,196

9,231

407

8,057

8,464

Total interest income

$

(8,337)

18,239

9,902

$

(50)

9,012

8,962

Interest expense:

Interest bearing deposits

$

(896)

1,079

183

$

(1,179)

415

(764)

Money market and savings deposits

(3,304)

1,671

(1,633)

(1,605)

1,345

(260)

Time deposits

(2,538)

51

(2,487)

(2,608)

(844)

(3,452)

Total interest bearing deposits

(6,738)

2,801

(3,937)

(5,392)

916

(4,476)

Short-term borrowings

(617)

(197)

(814)

Long-term borrowings

(118)

468

350

Total borrowings

(735)

271

(464)

(415)

(354)

(769)

Subordinated debentures

(297)

1,831

1,534

22

(26)

(4)

Total interest expense

(7,770)

4,903

(2,867)

(5,784)

535

(5,249)

Interest differential

$

(567)

13,336

12,769

$

5,734

8,476

14,211

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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Provision for loan losses

The provision for loan losses was $8.3$1.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020,2021, compared to a $901 thousandan $8.3 million provision for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.2020. The decline in the provision forperiod over period is the current year period was due largely to qualitative provisioning for the continued economic uncertainty as a result of an improvement in the trend of economic and loan deferral factors used in the allowance for loan losses calculation that had been negatively impacted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and overallwhich have subsequently rebounded as the economy continues to recover.  This improvement outpaced provisioning for loan portfolio growth combined with the impact ofas well as a $1.5$1.4 million specific reserve placed against a non-performing loan relationship described further in the “Asset Quality Summary” on an impaired commercial loan during the third quarterpage 43.

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Table of 2020.Contents

Non-interest income

Total non-interest income for the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 20202021 was $ 86.9$88.0 million, up $54.0$1.1 million, or 164.1%1.2%, from the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2019.2020. This increase in non-interest income came primarily from our mortgage division as mortgage banking net revenue increased $50.5 million or 194.0% overwas largely the prior year period.  The significant increase in the current year period came from increased levelsresult of mortgage loan originations due to both the expansion of the division into Maryland as well as the favorable rate environment for refinance activity. Our mortgage division originated $2.4 billion in loans during the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $1.8 billion,$4.3 million in SBA loan sales income as fiscal year 2021 sales of SBA 7(a) loans amounted to $67.2 million, an increase of $26.1 million, or 311.0%63.5%, from the prior year period.  Refinance activity represented 60% of the total residential mortgage loans originated for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 30% for thefiscal year ended December 31, 2019.  Overall, the margin on mortgage banking activity declined 58 basis points from 2.80% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 2.22% for the year ended December 31, 2020.  The increase in the mortgage pipeline as a result of the expansion and the refinance activity generated significant positive fair value changes in derivative instruments and loans held-for-sale.  These fair value changes increased non-interest income a combined $8.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.  These changes were offset by increases in net hedging losses of $8.6 million.

Wealth management revenue increased $230$947 thousand, or 6.3%24.6%, year-over-year due to an increase in average assets under management of $295 million over this period.  In addition, these assets benefited from the more favorable market conditions that existed in the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2020,2021, compared to the prior year comparable period.  

Non-interest income from the sales of investments amounted to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $1.2 million from the prior year period.  Income from the sales of SBA 7(a) loans increased $1.2 million, or 83.5%, from the prior year period, to $2.6 million. $41.1 million in SBA 7(a) loans were sold for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $22.4 million in loans sold for the year ended December 21, 2019.  Other fee income was up $934 thousand$1.8 million, or 57.7%68.5%, for the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2021, from the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 from the year ended December 31, 2019 due largely to $319 thousandincreases in swap fee income from customer loan swaps recorded in the current year period, an increase of $144 thousand inmortgage fees, wire fees, title fee income, a $149 thousand increase in wire fee income, as well as $436 thousandan increase in in mortgage and SBA servicing fee income.

Mortgage banking net revenue decreased $529 thousand, or 0.7%, over the prior year period.  The decrease in the 2021 income respectively, aswas the result of a decline in the gain on sale margin of 48 basis points, despite the increase in mortgage loans sold over 2020.  Mortgage loan closingoriginations, however, decreased $74.7 million from $2.37 billion in 2020 to $2.29 billion in 2021, with refinancing activity increased period-over-period.representing 47% of the total residential mortgage loans originated in 2021, compared to 60% in 2020. The refinancing opportunities have declined significantly with the change in mortgage rates recently causing the current period end pipeline to be lower at December 31, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020.  The changes in the mortgage pipeline generated significant negative fair value changes in derivative instruments (predominantly interest rate lock commitments) and loans held-for-sale.  These fair value changes decreased non-interest income a combined $17.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.  These changes were significantly offset by increases in net hedging gains of $12.4 million.

Year Ended December 31, 

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Non-interest income:

Mortgage banking income

$

76,461

26,009

$

75,932

76,461

Wealth management income

3,854

3,624

4,801

3,854

SBA loan income

2,572

1,401

6,898

2,572

Earnings on investment in life insurance

279

290

365

279

Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments

4,975

111

(4,338)

4,975

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale

3,847

(13)

(3,311)

3,847

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment

323

391

(189)

323

Net loss on hedging activity

(9,400)

(816)

2,961

(9,400)

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale

1,345

165

435

1,345

Service charges

107

110

129

107

Other

2,555

1,621

4,305

2,555

Total non-interest income

$

86,918

32,893

$

87,988

86,918

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Non-interest expense

Total non-interest expense for the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 20202021 was $93.1$103.7 million, up $38.3$10.7 million or 69.8%11.4%, from the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2019.  The increase is largely attributable to the variable expenses from loan originations overall, particularly mortgage commissions.   2020.  

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Non-interest expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

$

78,866

72,147

Occupancy and equipment

4,545

4,292

Professional fees

3,558

3,113

Advertising and promotion

3,714

2,852

Data processing

2,150

1,913

Information technology

2,232

1,542

Pennsylvania bank shares tax

609

1,049

Other

8,053

6,168

Total non-interest expenses

$

103,727

93,076

Total salaries and employee benefits expense was $72.1$78.9 million, an increase of $37.0$6.7 million or 105.2%9.3%, compared to the yeartwelve months ended December 31, 2019. Of this2020. Salaries and benefits for the Bank and Wealth segments increased $5.4 million due to an increased level of full-time equivalent employees as well as increase $33.2in the value of stock-based compensation expense.  $1.3 million of the overall increase relates to the mortgage division.  Full-time equivalentMortgage segment as the number of employees particularly in the mortgage division,this segment have increased year-over-year. As noted above, in the first quarter of 2020, we expanded our mortgage division into Maryland with the hiring of nearly 90 individuals year to date. Advertising expenses increased by $377period over period.

Professional fees were up $445 thousand, or 15.2% during14.3% year over year, while information technology expenses were up $690 thousand, or 44.7% year over year. Increases in these two categories of expense were largely the year endedresult of Meridian’s ongoing strategy to invest in technology that focuses on improving back-office efficiencies through automation and workflow processes, as well improving the scalability of our IT systems overall with a focus on cloud based computing. The increase in professional fees was also impacted by one-time consent fees incurred in 2021 related to the filing of the Corporation’s December 31, 2020 Form 10K, in conjunction with the change in Accountants made in 2020.  

Advertising and promotion expenses were up $862 thousand, or 30.2%, over the same period due mainlyto the improvements to the economy and a pull back on COVID-19 related restrictions that has allowed bank employees to spend more time in a business development and community outreach capacity, combined with increased spend year over year in different advertising campaigns, including mortgage segment lead generation expenses.  Other non-interest expense was up $1.9 million, or 30.6%, from the prior year due to an increase in marketing related costs from the mortgage division. Professional fees increased $499 thousand or 19.1%, comparedemployee travel and training expenses as 2021 allowed for more travel opportunities due to the prior year period due largely to an increasea pullback in consulting costs incurred on several IT related projects that Meridian has undertaken to improve efficiencyCOVID-19 restrictions, as well as increases in insurance expense, director compensation, and automation in processes, combined with an increase in third party valuation services related to the increased mortgage division activity.  Other expenses were down year over year due largely to the impacts from stay at home orders and business restrictions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

Non-interest expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

$

72,147

35,157

Occupancy and equipment

4,292

3,806

Professional fees

3,113

2,614

Advertising and promotion

2,852

2,475

Data processing

1,913

1,327

Information technology

1,542

1,256

Pennsylvania bank shares tax

1,049

658

Other

6,168

7,521

Total non-interest expenses

$

93,076

54,814

other less significant items.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 20202021 was $8.1$10.7 million as compared to $3.0$8.1 million for the same period in 2019.2020. The effective tax rates for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 23.1% and 2019 were 23.4% and 22.4%, respectively. For more information related to income taxes, refer to footnote 14 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Balance Sheet Summary

Assets

As of December 31, 2020,2021, total assets were $1.7 billion, compared with $1.2a decrease of $6.8 million from December 31, 2020.  

Total loans, net of allowance, grew $101 million, or 7.9%, to $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2019.  Total assets increased $570.2 million, or 49.6%,2021, from $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2020.  There was growth in several commercial loan categories from December 31, 2019 primarily due2020, as we continue to expand our presence in the Philadelphia market region and beyond. Small business loans increased $64.6 million, or 130.4%, commercial real estate loans increased $31.8 million, or 6.6%, and lease financings increased $57.2 million, or 184.3%, as our Meridian Equipment Finance (“MEF”) leasing team continued their strong loan growth.

Totalgrowth trajectory after starting up in early 2020.  Additionally, commercial & industrial loans, excluding mortgageshared national credits and commercial construction loans combined increased $46.6 million in total over the period. Residential real estate loans held for sale increased by $320.1decreased $148.3 million, or 33.2%. Investment securities and cash and cash equivalents increased $59.864.7%, to $80.9 million as of December 31, 2021, while PPP loans decreased $113.3 million, or 55.4%55.7%, year-over-year. Our overall asset growth was funded largely by an increaseover this period, as our SBA and commercial lending teams are making a strong effort to assist our PPP loan customers in depositsobtaining forgiveness on their loans with the SBA. As of $390.2 million, or 45.8%, to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020 from $851.22021 there was approximately $88.3 million at December 31, 2019. Increases in borrowingsPPP loans remaining to be forgiven, net of $145.6 million, or 114.8% year-over-year, particularly from PPPLF advances, also helped to fund the growth in our loan portfolio.deferred fees.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is the largest category of our interest-earning assets. As of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, our total loans amounted to $1.5 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.billion. Our loan portfolio is comprised of loans originated to be held in

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portfolio, as well as residential mortgage loans originated for sale.  Meridian engages in the origination of residential mortgages, most typically for 1-4 family dwellings, with the intention of the Corporation to principally sell substantially all of these loans in the secondary market to qualified investors. Our loans held in portfolio are originated by our commercial and consumer loan divisions. We have a strong credit culture that promotes diversity of lending products with a focus on commercial businesses. We have no particular credit concentration. Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry.

Loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are detailed by category as follows:

    

    

% of

    

    

% of

    

    

% of

    

    

% of

(dollars in thousands)

2020

Portfolio

2019

Portfolio

2021

Portfolio

2020

Portfolio

Mortgage loans held for sale

$

229,199

15.1%

33,704

3.4%

$

80,882

5.5%

229,199

15.1%

Real estate loans:

Commercial mortgage

485,103

31.9%

362,590

36.3%

516,928

35.2%

485,103

31.9%

Home equity lines and loans

64,987

4.3%

81,583

8.2%

52,299

3.6%

64,987

4.3%

Residential mortgage

52,454

3.5%

53,665

5.4%

68,175

4.6%

52,454

3.5%

Construction

140,246

9.2%

172,044

17.2%

160,905

11.0%

140,246

9.2%

Total real estate loans

742,790

48.9%

669,882

67.0%

798,307

54.4%

742,790

48.9%

Commercial and industrial

261,750

17.2%

273,301

27.3%

293,771

20.0%

261,750

17.2%

Small business loans

49,542

3.3%

21,616

2.2%

114,158

7.8%

49,542

3.3%

Paycheck Protection Program loans ("PPP")

203,543

13.4%

0.0%

90,194

6.1%

203,543

13.4%

Main Street Lending Program Loans ("MSLP")

580

0.0%

0.0%

Main Street Lending Program loans ("MSLP")

597

0.0%

580

0.0%

Consumer

511

0.0%

1,003

0.1%

419

0.0%

511

0.0%

Leases, net

31,040

2.0%

697

0.1%

88,242

6.0%

31,040

2.0%

Total portfolio loans and leases

1,289,756

84.9%

966,499

96.6%

1,385,688

94.5%

1,289,756

84.9%

Total loans and leases

$

1,518,955

100.0%

1,000,203

100.0%

$

1,466,570

100.0%

1,518,955

100.0%

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Table of Contents

The following table shows the amounts of loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021 which, based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal, are due in the periods indicated.  

12 Months

(dollars in thousands)

or Less

1 - 5 years

5 - 15 years

After 15 years

Total

Mortgage loans held for sale

$

235

80,647

80,882

Commercial mortgage

36,884

115,865

353,396

10,783

516,928

Home equity lines and loans

1,080

4,401

40,820

5,998

52,299

Residential mortgage

1,744

1,830

64,601

68,175

Construction

69,664

47,683

43,175

383

160,905

Commercial and industrial

26,453

107,032

58,102

102,184

293,771

Small business loans

8

3,577

66,043

44,530

114,158

PPP loans

25,100

65,094

90,194

MSLP loans

597

597

Consumer

5

118

146

150

419

Leases, net

1,140

72,605

14,497

88,242

Total

$

162,078

416,972

578,244

309,276

1,466,570

The amounts have been classified according to sensitivity to changes in interest rates for amounts due after one year, as of December 31, 2021.  Variance rate loans are those loans with floating or adjustable interest rates.

Fixed

Variable

(dollars in thousands)

Rate

Rate

Total

Mortgage loans held for sale

$

80,882

80,882

Commercial mortgage

64,491

415,553

480,044

Home equity lines and loans

7,129

44,090

51,219

Residential mortgage

50,144

16,287

66,431

Construction

26,102

65,139

91,241

Commercial and industrial

44,438

222,880

267,318

Small business loans

218

113,932

114,150

PPP loans

65,094

65,094

MSLP loans

597

597

Consumer

346

68

414

Leases, net

87,102

87,102

Total

$

425,946

878,546

1,304,492

Commercial and industrial loans, commercial construction loans and commercial real estate loans increased a combined $79.2$84.5 million, or 9.8%9.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.  The growth in the commercial portfolios continues to reflect the work of our strategically expanded lending team as well as strong local market conditions.

Commercial real estate loans. Our commercial real estate loans are secured by real estate that is both owner-occupied and investor owned. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans generally involve less risk than an investment property and are distinctly reported from non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans for measuring loan concentrations for regulatory purposes. Our owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are originated and managed within our commercial loan department and comprised 34.4% of our total commercial real estate loan portfolio at December 31, 2020.2021. The remaining commercial real estate loans are managed by our commercial real estate department which offer the following commercial real estate products:

Permanent – Investor Real Estate Loans
oPurchase and refinance loan opportunities for a number of product types, including single-family rentals, multi-family residential as well as tenanted income producing properties in a variety of real estate types, including office, retail, industrial, and flex space

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Construction Loans
oResidential construction loans to finance new construction and renovation of single and 1-4 family homes located within our market area
oCommercial construction loans for investment properties, generally with semi-permanent attributes
oConstruction loans for new, expanded or renovated operations for our owner occupied business clients
Land Development Loans
oMeridian considers a limited number of strictly land development oriented loans based upon the risk, merit of the future project and strength of the borrower/guarantor relationship

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Our commercial real estate loans increased by $122.5$31.8 million, or 33.8%6.6%, to $516.9 million at December 31, 2021 from $485.1 million at December 31, 2020 from $362.6 million at December 31, 2019.2020. Our total commercial real estate loan portfolio represented 31.9%35.2% and 36.3%31.9% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Commercial and Industrial Loans

We provide a variety of variable and fixed rate commercial business loans and lines of credit. These loans and lines of credit are made to small and medium-sized manufacturers and wholesale, retail and service-related businesses. Additionally, we lend to companies in the technology, healthcare, real estate and financial service industries. Commercial business loans generally include lines of credit and term loans with a maturity of five years or less. The primary source of repayment for commercial business loans is generally operating cash flows of the business and may also include collateralization of inventory, accounts receivable, equipment and/or personal guarantees. Our commercial and industrial loans decreasedincreased by $11.5$32.0 million, or 4.2%12.2%, to $293.8 million at December 31, 2021 from $261.8 million at December 31, 2020 from $273.3 million at December 31, 2019.2020. The total commercial portfolio represented 17.2%20.0% and 27.3%17.2% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Small Business Loans

We provide financing to small businesses in various industries that include guarantees under the Small Business AdministrationsAdministration’s (SBA’s) loan programs.  Our small business loans increased by $27.9$64.6 million, or 129.2%130.4%, to $114.2 million at December 31, 2021 from $49.5 million at December 31, 2020 from $21.6 million at December 31, 2019.2020. The small business loans portfolio represented 3.3%7.8% and 2.2%3.3% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans / Main Street Lending Program Loans

Meridian participated in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan program and the Federal Reserve’s Main Street Lending Program (MSLP) to support lending to small and medium sized businesses that were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At December 31, 20202021 the balance of PPP loans was $90.2 million, compared to $203.5 million while at December 31, 2020 the balance of2020.  MSLP loans was $580amounted to less than $600 thousand after netting out participations.and are included within Commercial and Industrial loans. PPP loans and MSLP loans represented 13.4% and 0.0%6.1% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2020, respectively.2021.

Residential loans

Our residential loans held in portfolio are primarily secured by single-family homes located in our market areas. Our loan pipeline is fed via our mortgage loan production offices (“LPOs”) and through relationships with commercial lending and through relationships with sales brokers and agents who actively refer clients to Meridian.Meridian as well as referrals from our commercial and private banking lenders.  The balance of residential loans in portfolio decreased $1.2increased $15.7 million, or 2.3%30.0%, to $68.2 million at December 31, 2021 from $52.5 million at December 31, 2020 from $53.7 million at December 31, 2019.2020. The total residential loan portfolio represented 3.5%4.6% and 5.4%3.5% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

Consumer and Personal Loans

Our consumer-lending department principally originates home equity based products for our clients and prospects. These loans typically fund completely at closing. Additional products include smaller dollar personal loans and our newly introduced student loan

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refinance product, designed to provide additional flexibility in repayment terms desired in the marketplace.  Our consumer credit products include home equity lines and loans, personal lines and loans, and student loan refinancing. The total consumer loan portfolio represented 0.1%3.6% and 4.3% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019.respectively.

Investments

Our securities portfolio is used to make various term investments, maintain a source of liquidity and serve as collateral for certain types of deposits and borrowings. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Investments in our securities portfolio may change over time based on our funding needs and interest rate risk management objectives. Our liquidity levels take into account anticipated future cash flows

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and other available sources of funds and are maintained at levels that we believe are appropriate to provide the necessary flexibility to meet our anticipated funding requirements.

As of December 31, 20202021 the fair value of our investment portfolio totaled $130.4$165.9 million, with an effective tax equivalent yield of 2.25%1.81% and an estimated duration of approximately 5.744.89 years. The majoritylargest category of our investment portfolio, or 55.1%47.0%, consists of municipal securities, along with 19.52%17.6% in U.S. Agency asset-backed securities. The remainder of our securities portfolio is invested in other securities. We regularly evaluate the composition of our investment portfolio as the interest rate yield curve changes and may sell investment securities from time to time to adjust our exposure to interest rates or to provide liquidity to meet loan demand. Not included in the tables below are equity investments that had fair values of $2.4 million and $1.0 million, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

Gross

Gross

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

25,303

364

(75)

25,592

$

16,850

55

(68)

16,837

10

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

3,854

192

4,046

9,749

124

(60)

9,813

3

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

23,010

916

(17)

23,909

22,276

358

(253)

22,381

10

State and municipal securities

63,848

2,025

(63)

65,810

72,099

1,379

(496)

72,982

12

U.S. Treasuries

29,973

1

(246)

29,728

21

Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

990

(15)

975

1

Corporate bonds

4,200

7

(2)

4,205

6,450

154

(18)

6,586

5

Total securities available-for-sale

$

120,215

3,504

(157)

123,562

$

158,387

2,071

(1,156)

159,302

62

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

6,510

347

6,857

6,372

219

6,591

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

6,510

347

6,857

$

6,372

219

6,591

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2020

Gross

Gross

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

11,967

(101)

11,866

$

25,303

364

(75)

25,592

8

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

5,457

66

(26)

5,497

3,854

192

4,046

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

35,096

300

(173)

35,223

23,010

916

(17)

23,909

1

State and municipal securities

6,354

(84)

6,270

63,848

2,025

(63)

65,810

3

Corporate bonds

4,200

7

(2)

4,205

2

Total securities available-for-sale

$

58,874

366

(384)

58,856

$

120,215

3,504

(157)

123,562

14

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

8,780

223

9,003

6,510

347

6,857

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

8,780

223

9,003

$

6,510

347

6,857

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Asset Quality Summary

Asset quality remains a strong year-over-year despitefocus of management, which is committed to working with customers significantly impacted by the pressures that the COVD-19 pandemic has had on businesses and the economy locally and nationally. Meridian realized net charge-offsCOVID-19 pandemic.  While COVID-19 loan deferrals provided to borrowers amounted to only $2.4 million as of 0.00%December 31, 2021, down from $24.2 million as of total average loans for the year ended December 31, 2020, comparedone commercial loan relationship for $13.8 million became a non-performing loan relationship with net recoveriesa specific reserve of (0.06)% for$1.4 million during the year endedquarter ending December 31, 2019. Total2021.  This change in status caused non-performing assets,loans to increase to $23.0 million (not including past due PPP loans and other real estate property, wereof $63 thousand) as of December 31, 2021, compared to $7.9 million as of December 31, 2020, $3.4 million as of December 31, 2019.

The increase to non-performing loans from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020 resulted from a $2.3 million increase in nonperforming commercial mortgages, an $864 thousand increase in nonperforming commercial loans, a $1.2 million increase in residential mortgage loans, and a $322 thousand increase in home equity lines and loans.

The2020. Consequently the ratio of non-performing assets to total assets as of December 31, 20202021 was 0.46%1.34% compared to 0.29%0.46% as of December 31, 2019. The ratio2020. Despite the near-term impact to these ratios resulting from this loan relationship downgrade, the overall asset quality remains strong.  There was no other real estate property included in non-performing assets for either period.  

Meridian realized net charge-offs of allowance$79 thousand, or 0.01%, of total average loans for loan losses to total loans, was 1.38% as ofthe year ended December 31, 2020, up from2021, compared to net charge-offs of $48 thousand, or 0.00%, of total average loans for the 0.99% recorded as ofyear ended December 31, 2019.2020.  The ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment,

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excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans (a non-GAAP measure)measure, see reconciliation in the Appendix), was 1.46% as of December 31, 2021 compared to 1.65% as of December 31, 2020, up from the 1.00% recorded as of December 31, 2019.2020. PPP loans are excluded from calculation of this ratio as they are guaranteed by the SBA and therefore we have not provided for in the allowance for loan losses. A reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure is included in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section below.  During 2019 one residential mortgage loan was foreclosed on and the property was recorded within other real estate owned (“OREO”) in the balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell of $120 thousand.  There were no properties in OREO as of December 31, 2020, as the above noted property was sold during 2020 and a gain of $6 thousand was recorded on the sale.page 46.  

As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Corporation had $3.6$3.8 million of TDRs, of which $3.4 million were in compliance with the modified terms and excluded from non-performing loans and leases. As of December 31, 2019,2020, the Corporation had $3.9$3.6 million of TDRs, of which $3.6$3.4 million were in compliance with the modified terms, and were excluded from non-performing loans and leases.

As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Corporation had a recorded investment of $10.4$25.8 million of impaired loans and leases which included $3.8 million of TDRs, while as of December 31, 2020 impaired loans totaled $10.4 million, which included $3.6 million of TDRs.  The increase in impaired loans was largely due to the one commercial loan relationship for $13.8 million, discussed above, that became a non-performing loan relationship late in 2021 with a specific reserve of $1.4 million. Impaired loans and leases are those for which it is probable that the Corporation will not be able to collect all scheduled principal and interest in accordance with the original terms of the loans and leases. Impaired loans and leases as of December 31, 2019 totaled $7.3 million, which included $3.9 million of TDRs. Refer to footnote 6 in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Corporation’s impaired loans and leases.

The Corporation continues to be diligent in its credit underwriting process and proactive with its loan review process, including the engagement of the services of an independent outside loan review firm, which helps identify developing credit issues. Proactive steps that are taken include the procurement of additional collateral (preferably outside the current

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loan structure) whenever possible and frequent contact with the borrower. The Corporation believes that timely identification of credit issues and appropriate actions early in the process serve to mitigate overall risk of loss.

As of

As of

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Non-performing assets:

Nonaccrual loans:

Real estate loans:

Commercial mortgage

$

3,061

733

$

3,061

Home equity lines and loans

859

537

911

859

Residential mortgage

2,725

1,544

2,398

2,725

Total real estate loans

$

6,645

2,814

$

3,309

6,645

Commercial and industrial

1,285

421

18,801

1,285

Small business loans

666

Leases

212

Total nonaccrual loans

$

7,930

3,235

$

22,988

7,930

Other real estate owned

120

Total non-performing loans

$

7,930

3,235

$

22,988

7,930

Total non-performing assets

$

7,930

3,355

$

22,988

7,930

Troubled debt restructurings:

TDRs included in non-performing loans

244

319

361

244

TDRs in compliance with modified terms

3,362

3,599

3,446

3,362

Total TDRs

$

3,606

3,918

$

3,807

3,606

Asset quality ratios:

Non-performing assets to total assets

0.46%

0.29%

1.34%

0.46%

Non-performing loans to:

Total loans and leases

0.52%

0.32%

1.57%

0.52%

Total loans held-for-investment

0.62%

0.34%

1.66%

0.62%

Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans) (1)

0.74%

0.34%

1.80%

0.74%

Allowance for loan losses to:

Allowance for loan and lease losses to:

Total loans and leases

1.17%

0.95%

1.28%

1.17%

Total loans held-for-investment

1.38%

0.99%

1.35%

1.38%

Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans) (1)

1.65%

1.00%

1.46%

1.65%

Non-performing loans

224.04%

294.12%

81.60%

224.04%

Total loans and leases

$

1,513,963

998,414

$

1,467,339

1,513,963

Total loans and leases held-for-investment

$

1,284,764

964,710

$

1,386,457

1,284,764

Total loans and leases held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans)

$

1,072,727

954,164

$

1,280,591

1,072,727

Allowance for loan and lease losses

$

17,767

9,513

$

18,758

17,767

(1) The allowance for loan losses to total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans) ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” aboveon page 46 for a reconciliation of this measure to its most comparable GAAP measure. PPP loans have only been excluded from this calculation as of December 31, 2020.

2021.

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The following is a summary of the allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses by loan category for the periods presented.

Balance,

Balance,

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2021

%

December 31, 2020

%

Commercial mortgage

$

4,950

26%

$

7,451

42%

Home equity lines and loans

224

1%

434

2%

Residential mortgage

283

2%

385

2%

Construction

2,042

11%

2,421

14%

Commercial and industrial

6,533

35%

5,431

31%

Small business loans

3,737

20%

1,259

7%

Consumer

3

0%

4

0%

Leases

986

5%

382

2%

Total

$

18,758

100%

$

17,767

100%

The following table provides information on net charge-offs by loan category:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

% of

Net Charge-

% of

Net Charge-

Net

Total Net

offs as a % of

Net

Total Net

offs as a % of

(dollars in thousands)

Charge-offs

Charge-offs

Average Loans

Charge-offs

Charge-offs

Average Loans

Commercial mortgage

$

0.00%

0.00%

$

0.00%

0.00%

Home equity lines and loans

1

(1.27)%

0.00%

(76)

158.33%

0.01%

Residential mortgage

5

(6.33)%

0.00%

7

(14.58)%

0.00%

Construction

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Commercial and industrial

41

(51.90)%

0.00%

27

(56.25)%

0.00%

Small business loans

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

Consumer

4

(5.06)%

0.00%

(6)

12.50%

0.00%

Leases

(130)

164.56%

0.01%

0.00%

0.00%

Total

$

(79)

100.00%

0.01%

$

(48)

100.00%

0.00%

Deposits and Equity

Deposits were $1.2$1.4 billion as of December 31, 2020,2021, up $390.2$205.1 million, or 45.8%16.5%, from December 31, 2019.2020. Non-interest bearing deposits increased $64.4$70.7 million, or 46.2%34.7%, from December 31, 2019.2020. Interest-bearing checking accounts increased $112.2$61.7 million, or 118.8%29.9%, from December 31, 2019.  Money2020, while money market accounts/savings accounts increased $267.2$125.0 million, or 87.5%21.8%, since December 31, 2019, driven by business money market accounts and sweep accounts.2020.  Increases in core deposits were driven from loan customers as part of new business and municipal relationships and also as a result of the PPP loan process.  Certificates of depositdeposits decreased $53.5$52.3 million, or 17.2%20.2%, from December 31, 2019,2020, as non-termlower levels of wholesale funding have been replaced by core deposits were preferred by customers in this low rate environment.that bear lower interest rates.  

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The following table summarizes our deposit balances and weighted average rate paid for the periods presented.

Year ended December 31, 2020

Year ended December 31, 2019

Year ended December 31, 2021

Year ended December 31, 2020

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

Average

average

Percent of

Average

average

Percent of

Average

average

Percent of

Average

average

Percent of

(dollars in thousands)

    

amount

    

rate paid

    

total deposits

    

amount

    

rate paid

    

total deposits

    

amount

    

rate paid

    

total deposits

    

amount

    

rate paid

    

total deposits

Non-interest bearing deposits

$

190,209

16.89%

$

126,002

15.14%

$

258,298

18.54%

$

190,209

16.89%

Interest bearing deposits

623,368

0.84%

55.36%

396,158

1.69%

47.59%

888,927

0.48%

63.81%

623,368

0.84%

55.36%

Time deposits:

Under $100,000

26,445

1.80%

2.35%

19,597

2.34%

2.35%

$100,000 and greater

286,083

1.48%

25.40%

290,696

2.32%

34.92%

Time deposits

245,923

0.52%

17.65%

312,528

1.51%

27.75%

Total

$

1,126,105

1.07%

100.00%

$

832,453

1.97%

100.00%

$

1,393,148

0.48%

100.00%

$

1,126,105

1.07%

100.00%

Time deposits of $250 thousand or more had remaining maturities as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2021

Amount

%

3 months or less

$

65,310

36%

Over 3 months through 6 months

1,807

1%

Over 6 months through 12 months

40,140

22%

Over 12 months

72,528

40%

Total

$

179,785

100%

Consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Corporation was $165.4 million, or 9.7% of total assets as of December 31, 2021, as compared to $141.6 million, or 8.2% of total assets as of December 31, 2020, as compared to $120.7 million, or 10.50% of total assets as of December 31, 2019.2020. The change in stockholders’ equity is the result of year-to-date netcomprehensive income of $26.4$33.8 million, $2.7 million in stock-based compensation and an increase in unrealized gain on AFS securities of $2.6 million,stock options exercised, partially offset by unearned compensation due to leveraged ESOPdividends of $2$9.7 million netpaid during 2021 and common stock repurchases of a $212 thousand payment on the ESOP loan which released 13,328 shares to the ESOP, as well as dividends paid of $1.5 million year to date.$3.0 million.  

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Meridian believes that non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate performance trends and the adequacy of common equity. This non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for performance and financial condition measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Meridian’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.

The table below provides the non-GAAP reconciliation for our tangible book value per common share for Meridian Corporation:

2020

2019

Reconciliation of tangible book value per common share:

December 31

December 31

Book value per common shares

$

23.08

$

18.84

Less: Impact of goodwill and intangible assets

0.73

0.75

Tangible book value per common share

$

22.35

$

18.09

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Reconciliation of tangible book value per common share at December 31:

2021

2020

Book value per common share

$

27.07

$

23.08

Less: Impact of goodwill and intangible assets

0.70

0.73

Tangible book value per common share

$

26.37

$

22.35

The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for loan losses to total loans held for investment ratio for the years ended   December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020. This is considered a non-GAAP measure as the calculation excludes the impact of loans held for investment that are fair valued and the impact of PPP loans as these loan types are not included in the allowance for loan losses calculation.

2020

2019

Reconciliation of Allowance for Loan Losses / Total loans held for investment

December 31

December 31

Reconciliation of Allowance for Loan Losses / Total loans held for investment at December 31:

2021

2020

Allowance for loan losses / Total loans held for investment

1.38%

0.99%

1.35%

1.38%

Less: Impact of loans held for investment - fair valued

0.00%

0.01%

0.02%

0.00%

Less: Impact of PPP loans

0.27%

0.09%

0.27%

Allowance for loan losses / Total loans held for investment (excl. loans at fair value and PPP loans)

1.65%

1.00%

1.46%

1.65%

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Management maintains liquidity to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Meridian’s foundation for liquidity is a stable and loyal customer deposit base, cash and cash equivalents, and a marketable investment portfolio that provides periodic cash flow through regular maturities and amortization or that can be used as collateral to secure funding. In addition, as part of its liquidity management, Meridian maintains a segment of commercial loan assets that are comprised of shared national credits (“SNCs”), which have a national market and can be sold in a timely manner. Meridian’s primaryavailable liquidity, which totaled $262.9 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $408.8 million at December 31, 2020, compared to $161.5 million at December 31, 2019, includes investments, SNCs, Federal funds sold, mortgages held-for-sale and cash and cash equivalents, less the amount of securities required to be pledged for certain liabilities.  Meridian also anticipates scheduled payments and prepayments on its loan and mortgage-backed securities portfolios.

In addition, Meridian maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs. Through its relationship at the Federal Reserve, Meridian had available credit of approximately $11.6$3.5 million at December 31, 2020.2021. At December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian had borrowed $10 millionno borrowings from the Federal Reserve under its available borrowing arrangement and $153.3 million under the Federal Reserve’s PPPLF program.Reserve. As a member of the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow up to a specific credit limit, which is determined by the amount of our residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other loans that have been pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian’s maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $638.9$505.4 million. At December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian had borrowed $109.1$41.3 million and the FHLB had issued letters of credit, on Meridian’s behalf, totaling $143$131.5 million against its available credit lines. At December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian also had available $39 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other financial institutions as well as $256.6$255.4 million of available short or long term funding through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program and $182.4$449.3 million of available short or long term funding through brokered CD arrangements. Management believes that Meridian has adequate resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.

At December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian had $421.4$512.6 million in unfunded loan commitments. Management anticipates these commitments will be funded by means of normal cash flows. Certificates of deposit greater than or equal to $250 thousand scheduled to mature in one year or less from December 31, 20202021 totaled $158.7$107.3 million. Management believes that the majority of such deposits will be reinvested with Meridian and that certificates that are not renewed will be funded by a reduction in cash and cash equivalents or by pay-downs and maturities of loans and investments. At December 31, 2020,2021, Meridian had a reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $181$209 thousand.

Meridian meets the definition of “well capitalized” for regulatory purposes on December 31, 2020.2021. Our capital category is determined for the purposes of applying the bank regulators’ “prompt corrective action” regulations and for determining levels of deposit insurance assessments and may not constitute an accurate representation of Meridian’s overall financial condition or prospects.

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Under federal banking laws and regulations, Meridian is required to maintain minimum capital as determined by certain regulatory ratios. Capital adequacy for regulatory purposes, and the capital category assigned to an institution by its regulators, may be determinative of an institution’s overall financial condition. Under the final capital rules that became effective as of January 1, 2019, a capital conservation buffer is fully phased in at 2.5%.

Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided an “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" (“CBLR”) of between 8 and 10%. Under the final rule, a community banking organization is eligible to elect the new framework if it has: less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9%.The bank regulatory agencies temporarily lowered the CBLR to 8% as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank adopted the CBLR framework as its primary regulatory capital ratio, but reports all ratios for comparative purposes.

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The following table summarizes data and ratios pertaining to our capital structure.

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

To Be Well Capitalized

To Be Well Capitalized

Actual

Under CBLR Framework

Actual

Under CBLR Framework

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Corporation

$

134,564

8.96%

$

120,082

8.00%

$

160,379

9.39%

$

136,621

8.00%

Bank

173,231

11.54%

120,080

8.00%

196,506

11.51%

136,620

8.00%

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2020

To be well capitalized under

To Be Well Capitalized

For capital adequacy

prompt corrective action

Actual

Under CBLR Framework

Actual

purposes 

provisions *

(dollars in thousands):

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

$

166,471

16.10%

$

108,576

10.50%

$

103,405

10.00%

Bank

166,360

16.09%

108,571

10.50%

103,401

10.00%

Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

115,934

11.21%

72,384

7.00%

67,214

6.50%

Bank

154,881

14.98%

72,381

7.00%

67,211

6.50%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

115,934

11.21%

87,895

8.50%

82,724

8.00%

Bank

154,881

14.98%

87,891

8.50%

82,721

8.00%

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Corporation

115,934

10.55%

43,973

4.00%

54,966

5.00%

$

134,564

8.96%

$

120,082

8.00%

Bank

154,881

14.08%

44,013

4.00%

55,017

5.00%

173,231

11.54%

120,080

8.00%

*   Prompt corrective action requirements do not apply to Meridian Corporation but are included as information only

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary market risk is interest rate risk, which is defined as the risk of loss of net interest income or net interest margin because of changes in interest rates.

Asset/Liability Management

As a financial institution, one of our primary market risks is interest rate volatility. Changes in market interest rates, whether they are increases or decreases, can  trigger repricing and changes in the pace of payments for  both assets and liabilities (prepayment risk), which individually or in combination may  affect our  net income, net interest income and net interest margin, either positively or negatively. In recognition of this, we actively manage our assets and liabilities to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on our net interest margin and maximize our net interest income and the return on equity, while maintaining adequate liquidity and capital.

Our board of directors has established a Board Risk Committee that, among other duties, sets broad asset and liability management policy (“ALM” policy) and directives for asset/liability management, as well as establishes review and control procedures to ensure adherence to this policy. The board of directors has delegated authority for the development and implementation of all asset and liability management policies, procedures, and strategies to the Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”). ALCO is comprised of various members of senior management responsible for interpreting the longer range objectives established by the board of directors. As such ALCO sets basic direction for the Corporation’s sources and uses of funds, establishes numerical ranges for primary and secondary objectives, monitors risk and the delivery of services, establishes subs to manage specific ALM activities, and monitors the counterparties engaged in ALM activities. Our ALM policy is reviewed by ALCO and the board of directors at least annually, which includes an evaluation of the ALM policy limits and guidelines in light of our risk profile, business strategies, regulatory guidelines and overall market conditions.

As part of our management of interest rate risk, we utilize the following modeling techniques that simulate the effects of variations in interest rates:  (1) repricing gap analysis; (2) net interest income simulation; and (3) economic value of equity simulation. These models require that we use various assumptions, including asset and liability pricing responses, asset and liability new business, repayment and redemption responses, behavior of imbedded options and sensitivity of relationships across different rate indexes and product types. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the models cannot precisely predict the fluctuations in market interest rates or precisely measure the impact of future changes in interest rates. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

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Gap analysis. Management measures and evaluates the potential effects of interest rate movements on earnings through an interest rate sensitivity “gap” analysis. Given the size and turnover rate of the originated mortgage loans held for sale, loans held for sale are treated as having a maturity of 12 months or less. Interest rate sensitivity reflects the potential effect on net interest income when there is movement in interest rates. An institution is considered to be asset sensitive, or having a positive gap, when the amount of its interest-earning assets reprices within a given period exceeds the amount of its interest-bearing liabilities also repricing within that time period. Conversely, an institution is considered to be liability sensitive, or having a negative gap, when the amount of its interest-bearing liabilities reprices within a given period exceeds the amount of its interest-earning assets also within that time period. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would tend to decrease net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to increase net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to decrease net interest income.

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The following table presents the interest rate gap analysis of our assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020.2021.

Greater 

Greater 

Than 

Than 

5 years and

5 years and

As of December 31, 2020

12 Months

 Not Rate 

As of December 31, 2021

12 Months

 Not Rate 

(dollars in thousands)

    

or Less

    

1-2 Years

    

2-5 Years

    

Sensitive

    

Total

    

or Less

    

1-2 Years

    

2-5 Years

    

Sensitive

    

Total

Cash and investments

$

59,739

5,376

20,303

82,429

167,847

$

48,861

4,246

31,144

107,257

191,508

Loans (1)

1,041,269

199,978

226,594

10,588

1,478,429

920,570

155,542

332,792

39,677

1,448,581

Other Assets

73,921

73,921

73,354

73,354

Total Assets

$

1,101,008

205,354

246,897

166,938

1,720,197

$

969,431

159,788

363,936

220,288

1,713,443

Non-interest bearing deposits

203,843

9,232

8,946

25,977

230,373

274,528

Interest bearing deposits

779,195

779,195

965,876

965,876

Time deposits

197,649

41,533

19,115

258,296

126,719

18,106

61,184

206,009

FHLB advances

96,862

12,277

109,139

Borrowings

41,344

41,344

Other Liabilities

10,000

153,269

169

64,664

228,102

60,326

60,326

Total stockholders' equity

141,622

141,622

165,360

165,360

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

1,083,706

207,079

19,284

206,286

1,720,197

$

1,143,171

27,052

87,161

456,059

1,713,443

Repricing gap-positive

Positive (Negative)

$

17,302

(1,725)

227,613

(39,348)

Repricing gap:

Positive (negative)

$

(173,740)

132,736

276,775

(235,771)

Cumulative repricing gap: Dollar amount

$

17,302

15,577

243,190

$

(173,740)

(41,004)

235,771

Percent of total assets

1.0%

0.9%

14.1%

(10.1)%

(2.4)%

13.8%

(1)Loans include portfolio loans and loans held-for-sale

Under the static repricing gap analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we are modestly (1%) asset-sensitive for maturity/repricing 2 years or less.model as slightly liability-sensitive through two years. This reflects a shift in deposit maturities as customers showresult is mainly due to core-deposit growth from our strategy of increasing the concentration of relationship-based transaction accounts through the efforts of our business developers. Core customer preference, for shorter term products.  

The gap results presented could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the preparationcurrent economic environment, is for short term or liquid deposits. In addition, excess cash from PPP loan forgiveness and sale of loans held for sale were used to pay down borrowings at the end of the gap analysis. Furthermore,year to manage the gap analysis provides a static view of interest rate risk exposure at a specific point in time and offers only an approximate estimate of the relative sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities to changes in market interest rates. In addition, the impact of certain optionality is embedded in our balance sheet such as contractual caps and floors, and trends in asset and liability growth. Accordingly, we combine the use of gap analysis with the use of an earnings simulation model that provides a dynamic assessment of interest rate sensitivity.margin.

Simulations of net interest income. We use a simulation model on a quarterly basis to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income resulting from various hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Our model incorporates various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which may have a significant impact on results such as:

The timing of changes in interest rates;
Shifts or rotations in the yield curve;
Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on the balance sheet;

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Differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices;
Varying timing of loan prepayments for different interest rate scenarios;
The effect of interest rate floors, periodic loan caps and lifetime loan caps;
Overall growth rates and product mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate ALMAsset / Liability Management (“ALM”) strategies.

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Potential changes to our net interest income between a flat interest rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining interest rate scenarios, measured over a one-year period as of December 31, 20202021 and 20192020  are presented in the following table. The simulation assumes rate shifts occur upward and downward on the yield curve in even increments over the first twelve months (ramp), followed by rates held constant thereafter.

Rate Ramp:

Estimated increase

 

Estimated increase

 

(decrease) in Net Interest

 

(decrease) in Net Interest

 

Income

 

Income

 

For the year ending

 

For the year ending

 

December 31, 

 

December 31, 

 

Changes in Market Interest Rates

    

2020

    

2019

 

    

2021

    

2020

 

+300 basis points over next 12 months

 

1.87

%  

0.40

%

 

0.21

%  

1.87

%

+200 basis points over next 12 months

 

1.02

%  

0.60

%

 

(0.18)

%  

1.02

%

+100 basis points over next 12 months

 

0.50

%  

0.40

%

 

(0.31)

%  

0.50

%

No Change

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

-100 basis points over next 12 months

(1.73)

%

(0.60)

%

(0.22)

%

(1.73)

%

-200 basis points over next 12 months

(5.21)

%

(2.30)

%

(2.34)

%

(5.21)

%

The above interest rate simulation suggests that the Corporation’s balance sheet is assetnarrowly liability sensitive as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which will improve2021. In its current position, the table indicates that a 100 or 200 basis point increase in interest rates would have a modestly negative impact from rising rates on net interest income over the next 12 months and a modestly positive impact in a rising rate environment.300 basis point increase.  The simulation projectssimulated exposure to a decreasechange in net interest income in a falling rate scenario.  rates is contained, manageable and well within policy guidelines. The results continue to drive our funding strategy of increasing relationship-based accounts (core deposits).

Simulation of economic value of equity. To quantify the amount of capital required to absorb potential losses in value of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities resulting from adverse market movements, we calculate economic value of equity on a quarterly basis. We define economic value of equity as the net present value of our balance sheet’s cash flow, and we calculate economic value of equity by discounting anticipated principal and interest cash flows under the prevailing and hypothetical interest rate environments. Potential changes to our economic value of equity between a flat rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios, measured as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, are presented in the following table. The projections assume shifts ramp upward and downward ofin the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points occurring immediately. We would note that starting in the first quarter of 2020 that our simulations in a downward parallel shift of the yield curve, interest and discount rates at the short-end of the yield curve are not modeledallowed to decline any further thanbelow 0%. Management has and continues to 0%.employ strategies to mitigate risk in these scenarios.  

Estimated increase (decrease) in Net

Economic Value at December 31, 

Changes in Market Interest Rates

    

2020

2019

+300 basis points

 

103

%  

13

%  

+200 basis points

 

78

%  

11

%  

+100 basis points

 

45

%  

7

%  

No Change

 

  

 

 

-100 basis points

 

(67)

%

(12)

%

-200 basis points

 

(175)

%

(32)

%

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Strategies include actively lowering deposit and funding rates as well as adding and maintaining the use of interest rate floors on floating rate loans.

Estimated increase (decrease) in Net

Economic Value at December 31, 

Changes in Market Interest Rates

    

2021

2020

+300 basis points

 

60

%  

103

%  

+200 basis points

 

45

%  

78

%  

+100 basis points

 

26

%  

45

%  

No Change

 

  

 

 

-100 basis points

 

(37)

%

(67)

%

-200 basis points

 

(97)

%

(175)

%

This economic value of equity profile at December 31, 20202021 suggests that we would experience a positive effect from an increase in rates, and that the impact would become greater as rates continue to rise due to the duration of our interest-earning assets and converselyassets. Conversely, we would experience a negative effect from a decrease in rates. While an instantaneous shift in interest rates is used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact. Since economic value of equity measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in economic value of equity does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon.

The results of our net interest income and economic value of equity simulation analysis are purely hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from that projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel

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Table of Contents

yield curve shifts or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause our net interest income to be different from that projected. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term interest-bearing liabilities reprice faster than expected or faster than our interest-earning assets. Actual results could differ from those projected if we grow interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities faster or slower than estimated, or otherwise change its mix of products. Actual results could also differ from those projected if we experience substantially different repayment speeds in our loan portfolio than those assumed in the simulation model. Furthermore, the results do not take into account the impact of changes in loan prepayment rates on loan discount accretion. If prepayment rates were to increase on our loans, we would recognize any remaining loan discounts into interest income. This would result in a current period offset to declining net interest income caused by higher rate loans prepaying.

Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions that we may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes to our loan, investment, deposit, funding or other strategies.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The consolidated financial statements are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as follows:

i.

Report of Crowe LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 173)

ii.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

ii.iii.

Consolidated Statements of Income

iii.iv.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

iv.v.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

v.vi.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

vi.vii.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

5051

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Malvern, Pennsylvania

Opinion on the

Consolidated Statements of Income

iv.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

v.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

vi.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

vii.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Meridian Corporation (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Malvern, Pennsylvania

/s/ Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

Washington, D.C.
March 29, 2021

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Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Meridian Corporation:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Meridian Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2011 to 2020.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 30, 2020

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Table of Contents

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2020

    

2019

Cash and due from banks

$

34,190

19,106

Federal funds sold

2,554

20,265

Cash and cash equivalents

36,744

39,371

Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $120,215 and $58,874 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019)

123,562

58,856

Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $6,857 and $9,003 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019)

6,510

8,780

Equity investments

1,031

1,009

Mortgage loans held for sale (amortized cost of $225,007 and $33,363 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019), at fair value

229,199

33,704

Loans, net of fees and costs (includes $12,182 and $10,546 of loans at fair value, amortized cost of $11,514 and $10,186 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019)

1,284,764

964,710

Allowance for loan and lease losses

(17,767)

(9,513)

Loans, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses

1,266,997

955,197

Restricted investment in bank stock

7,861

8,072

Bank premises and equipment, net

7,777

8,636

Bank owned life insurance

12,138

11,859

Accrued interest receivable

5,482

3,148

Other real estate owned

120

Deferred income taxes

62

2,115

Goodwill

899

899

Intangible assets

3,601

3,874

Other assets

18,334

14,379

Total assets

$

1,720,197

1,150,019

Liabilities:

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing

$

203,843

139,450

Interest bearing

1,037,492

711,718

Total deposits

1,241,335

851,168

Short-term borrowings

106,862

123,676

Long-term debt

165,546

3,123

Subordinated debentures

40,671

40,962

Accrued interest payable

1,154

1,088

Other liabilities

23,007

9,307

Total liabilities

1,578,575

1,029,324

Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued 6,455,566 and 6,407,685 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

6,456

6,408

Surplus

81,196

80,196

Treasury stock - 320,000 and 3,375 shares at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively

(5,828)

(3)

Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan

(1,768)

Retained earnings

59,010

34,097

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

2,556

(3)

Total stockholders’ equity

141,622

120,695

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

1,720,197

1,150,019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

iv.

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2020

    

2019

Interest income:

Loans, including fees

$

60,357

51,127

Securities:

Taxable

1,186

1,248

Tax-exempt

1,044

324

Cash and cash equivalents

69

164

Total interest income

62,656

52,863

Interest expense:

Deposits

9,970

13,907

Borrowings

3,690

2,620

Total interest expense

13,660

16,527

Net interest income

48,996

36,336

Provision for loan losses

8,302

901

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

40,694

35,435

Non-interest income:

Mortgage banking income

76,461

26,009

Wealth management income

3,854

3,624

SBA loan income

2,572

1,401

Earnings on investment in life insurance

279

290

Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments

4,975

111

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale

3,847

(13)

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment

323

391

Net loss on hedging activity

(9,400)

(816)

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale

1,345

165

Service charges

107

110

Other

2,555

1,621

Total non-interest income

86,918

32,893

Non-interest expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

72,147

35,157

Occupancy and equipment

4,292

3,806

Professional fees

3,113

2,614

Advertising and promotion

2,852

2,475

Data processing

1,913

1,327

Information technology

1,542

1,256

Pennsylvania bank shares tax

1,049

658

Other

6,168

7,521

Total non-interest expenses

93,076

54,814

Income before income taxes

34,536

13,514

Income tax expense

8,098

3,033

Net income

$

26,438

10,481

Basic earnings per common share

$

4.32

1.64

Diluted earnings per common share

$

4.27

1.63

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

54

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

v.

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

Net income:

$

26,438

10,481

Other comprehensive income:

Net change in unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:

Net unrealized gains arising during the period, net of tax expense of $1,121, and $154, respectively

3,584

512

Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains on sales realized in net income, net of tax expense of ($320), and ($38), respectively

(1,025)

(125)

Unrealized investment gains, net of tax expense of $801, and $116, respectively

2,559

387

Total other comprehensive income

2,559

387

Total comprehensive income

$

28,997

10,868

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

55

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders'Stockholders’ Equity

vi.

Unearned

Accumulated

Common

Other

Common

Treasury

Stock -

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Surplus

    

Stock

ESOP

Earnings

    

Income (Loss)

    

Total

Balance, January 1, 2019

$

6,407

79,919

23,616

(390)

109,552

Comprehensive income:

Net income

10,481

10,481

Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

387

387

Total comprehensive income

10,868

Share-based awards and exercises

1

5

6

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans

(3)

(3)

Compensation expense related to stock option grants

272

272

Balance, December 31, 2019

$

6,408

80,196

(3)

34,097

(3)

120,695

Comprehensive income:

Net income

26,438

26,438

Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

2,559

2,559

Total comprehensive income

28,997

Dividends paid or accrued, $0.250 per share

(1,525)

(1,525)

Shares purchased for ESOP plan (133,601)

(2,000)

(2,000)

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (316,625)

122

(5,825)

(5,703)

Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises (47,881)

48

347

395

ESOP shares committed to be released (13,328)

232

232

Stock based compensation

531

531

Balance, December 31, 2020

$

6,456

81,196

(5,828)

(1,768)

59,010

2,556

141,622

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

56

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

Net income

$

26,438

10,481

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

Gain on sale of investment securities

(1,345)

(165)

Depreciation and amortization

(2,890)

663

Loss on disposal of premises and equipment

14

Net amortization of investment premiums and discounts

425

1,022

Provision for loan losses

8,302

901

Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt

112

Share-based compensation

763

272

Net change in fair value of loans held for sale

(3,847)

13

Net change in fair value of derivative instruments

(4,975)

(111)

Gain on sale of OREO

(6)

Amortization and net impairment of servicing rights

816

204

SBA loan income

(2,733)

(1,495)

Proceeds from sale of loans

2,241,635

607,122

Loans originated for sale

(2,356,821)

(573,416)

Mortgage banking income

(77,116)

(26,325)

Increase in accrued interest receivable

(2,334)

(259)

(Decrease) increase in other assets

3,346

276

Earnings from investment in life insurance

(279)

(290)

Deferred income tax

1,254

(503)

Increase in accrued interest payable

66

783

Increase in other liabilities

11,047

2,382

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

(158,142)

21,569

Cash flows from investing activities:

Activity in available-for-sale securities:

Maturities, repayments and calls

8,247

14,046

Sales

45,927

24,627

Purchases

(114,494)

(44,679)

Activity in held-to-maturity securities:

Maturities, repayments and calls

2,140

Proceeds from sale of OREO

126

Settlement of forward contracts

(67)

(Increase) decrease in restricted stock

211

(1,070)

Net increase in loans

(312,435)

(135,188)

Purchases of premises and equipment

(747)

(746)

Net cash used in investing activities

(371,025)

(143,077)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net increase in deposits

390,167

99,038

(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings

(922)

9,376

Decrease in short-term borrowings with original maturity > 90 days

(15,479)

(2,290)

Repayment of acquisition note payable

(413)

(825)

Repayment of long-term debt (subordinated debt)

(172)

(7,432)

Proceeds from long-term debt, net

162,423

40,000

Issuance costs on subordinated debt

(231)

(942)

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans

(5,703)

(3)

Dividends paid

(1,525)

Purchase of common shares for ESOP

(2,000)

Share based awards and exercises

395

6

Net cash provided by financing activities

526,540

136,927

Net change in cash and cash equivalents 

(2,627)

15,419

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

39,371

23,952

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

36,744

39,371

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the period for:

Interest

$

13,594

15,744

Income taxes

5,295

2,643

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Transfers from loans and leases to real estate owned

120

Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment

3,313

3,561

Net loans purchased, not settled

325

1,001

Net loans sold, not settled

(9,255)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(1)        Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a)          Nature of Operations

Meridian Corporation (“Meridian” or the “Corporation”) is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Meridian Bank (the “Bank”), a full-service, state-chartered commercial bank with offices in the Delaware Valley tri-state market, which includes Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, and Maryland.  We have a financial services business model with significant noninterest income streams from mortgage lending, small business (“SBA”) lending and wealth management services. We provide services to small and middle market businesses, professionals and retail customers throughout our market area. We have a modern, progressive, consultative approach to creating innovative solutions for our customers. We are technology driven, with a culture that incorporates significant use of customer preferred alternativedeliverychannels, such as mobile banking, remote deposit capture and bank-to-bank ACH. Our ‘Meridian everywhere’ philosophy of community presence, along with our strategic business footprint, allows us to provide the high degree of service, convenience and products our customers need to achieve their financial objectives.  We provide this service through three principal business line distribution channels, described further below.

The Corporation operates in a highly competitive market area that includes local, national and regional banks as competitors along with savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, trust companies and registered investment advisors. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are regulated by many regulatory agencies including the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Federal Reserve and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking.

The Bank was incorporated on March 16, 2004 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is a Pennsylvania state-chartered bank. The Bank commenced operations on July 8, 2004 and is a full-service bank providing personal and business lending and deposit services through 6 full-service banking offices in Pennsylvania, 9 mortgage loan production offices throughout the Delaware Valley, and 7 mortgage loan production offices in Maryland. The Bank and Corporation are headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania, located in the western suburbs of Philadelphia and serves southeastern Pennsylvania and the rest of the Delaware Valley.

(b)          Basis of Presentation

The accounting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

The consolidated financial statements include accounts of the Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank, and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Bank: Meridian Land Settlement Services LLC; APEX Realty LLC; Meridian Wealth Partners LLC; and Meridian Equipment Finance LLC. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.  Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or total stockholders’ equity.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, due to the continuing impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on financial markets and the economy both locally and nationally, it is reasonably possible that this could continue to materially affect these significant estimates and our results of operations and financial condition.

During the quarter-ended March 31, 2019, the Corporation identified and corrected an immaterial error related to Maryland state licensing requirements for mortgage loan originations by our Mortgage division. As the result of our mortgage operations not being fully compliant with Maryland licensing law, we agreed to reimburse

58

consumers approximately $474 thousand in interest and certain fees on loans originated, in addition to paying a fine of $12 thousand to resolve the matter.

(c)          Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Corporation’s activities are with customers located in the Delaware Valley tri-state market and Maryland. Note 4 discusses the types of securities that the Corporation invests in. Note 5 discusses types of lending that the Corporation engages in. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio, its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is influenced by the region’s economy. The Corporation does not have any significant concentrations to any one industry or customer, however there is significant concentration of commercial real estate-backed loans, amounting to 38% and 37% of total loans held for investment, as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(d)          Presentation of Cash Flows

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are purchased or sold for one day periods. The Federal Reserve Board removed cash minimum reserve requirements in March 2020. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing depsoits in other financial institutions, and the federal funds purchased and repurchased agreements.

(e)          Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

Securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed on a level yield basis.

Investments in equity securities are recorded in accordance with ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income.  At December 31, 2020 and 2019, investments in equity securities consisted of an investment in mutual funds with a fair value of $1 million.

The Corporation’s accounting policy specifies that (a) if the Corporation does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When the Corporation does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not, the Corporation will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. The Corporation did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

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(f)           Loans Receivable

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans. The Corporation generally amortizes these amounts over the contractual life of the loan.

Loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, are held for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff, are carried at fair value.

The accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and charged against current year income. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

(g)          Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses (“Allowance”) is a valuation for probable incurred credit losses established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the Allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. Charge-offs for retail consumer loans are generally made for any balance not adequately secured after 120 cumulative days past due.

The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable incurred credit losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available. In addition, Federal regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s Allowance and may require the Corporation to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management.

The Allowance consists of general and specific components. The general component covers non-classified loans, as well as, non-impaired classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as doubtful, substandard, and are on non-accrual and have been deemed impaired. Loan classifications are determined based on various assessments such as the borrower’s overall financial condition, payment history, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral.

We apply historical loss rates to pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. Loss rates are calculated by historical charge-offs that have occurred within each pool of loans over the loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP is an estimate of the average amount of time from when an event happens that causes the borrower to be unable to pay on a loan until the loss is confirmed through a loan charge-off.

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Another key assumption is the look-back period (“LBP”), which represents the historical data period utilized to calculate loss rates. We used 10 years for our LBP for all portfolio segments which encompasses our loss experience during the Financial Crisis, and our more recent improved loss experience.

After consideration of the historic loss calculations, management applies qualitative adjustments so that the Allowance is reflective of the inherent losses that exist in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Qualitative adjustments are made based upon changes in lending policies and practices, economic conditions, changes in the loan portfolio, changes in lending management, results of internal loan reviews, asset quality trends, collateral values, concentrations of credit risk and other external factors. The evaluation of the various components of the Allowance requires considerable judgment in order to estimate inherent loss exposures.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, or a troubled debt restructure (“TDR”). Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

For commercial and construction loans, impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral adjusted for cost to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous residential mortgage and consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Corporation does not separately identify individual loans of this nature for impairment disclosures, unless such loans become impaired or are troubled and the subject of a restructuring agreement.

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as TDR’s if the Corporation grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a TDR generally involve a temporary reduction in interest rate or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. TDR’s are considered impaired loans

No portion of the Allowance is restricted to any individual loan or groups of loans, and the entire Allowance is available to absorb any and all loan and lease losses.

(h)          Mortgage Banking Activities and Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Corporation’s mortgage banking division operates 9 offices in the tri-state area of Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey and another 7 offices in Maryland. The mortgage banking division originates conventional mortgages, FHA, VA, USDA, and other state insured mortgages. The loans are generally sold to various investors in the secondary market.

Mortgage loans originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors are classified as mortgage loans held for sale on the balance sheet as the Corporation has elected to measure loans held for sale at fair value. Fair value is based on outstanding investor commitments or, in the absence of such commitments, on current investor yield requirements based on third party models. Gains and losses on sales of these loans, as well as loan origination costs, are recorded as a component of noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Corporation’s current practice is to sell residential mortgage loans and retain the servicing rights, as discussed further below.  Interest on loans held for sale is credited to income based on the principal amounts outstanding.

61

The Corporation enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (interest rate lock commitments). Rate lock commitments on mortgage loans that are intended to be sold are considered to be derivatives. Time elapsing between the issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 30 to 120 days. The Corporation protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward sale contracts, whereby the Corporation commits to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the buyer has assumed interest rate risk on the loan. The Corporation also commits to loan sales through a mandatory sales channel which are economically hedged by the future sale of mortgage-backed securities to third-party counterparties to mitigate the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale.  By entering into best efforts commitments and economically hedging the mandatory commitments, the Corporation limits its exposure to loss and its realization of significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.

The Corporation utilizes a third-party model to determine the fair value of rate lock commitments or forward sale contracts.  This model uses investor quotes while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. Net derivative assets and liabilities are recorded within other assets or other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

(i)Loan Servicing Rights

The Corporation sells substantially all of the residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market; however, the Corporation may retain the servicing rights related to some of these loans. A fee, usually based on a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loan, is received in return for these services. Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs") are recognized when a loan’s servicing rights are retained upon sale of a loan. When mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, MSR’s are initially recorded at fair value with the income effect recorded in non-interest income.

The Corporation also sells the guaranteed portion of certain Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees.  All such transfers are accounted for as sales. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. 

These servicing assets amortize to noninterest expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying loans.  The servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the servicing assets.

(j)          Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned (OREO) is comprised of property acquired through a foreclosure proceeding or acceptance of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The Corporation acquires OREO through the wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank, Apex Realty. OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, or the loan amount net of estimated selling costs, at the date of foreclosure. The cost basis of OREO is its recorded value at the time of acquisition. After acquisition, valuations are periodically performed by management and subsequent changes in the valuation allowance are charged to OREO expense. Revenues, such as rental income, and holding expenses are included in other income and other expenses, respectively.  The Corporation had $0 thousand of OREO at December 31, 2020 and $120 thousand for 2019.

(k)          Restricted Investment in Bank Stock

Restricted bank stock is principally comprised of stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLB). Federal law requires a member institution of the FHLB to hold stock according to a predetermined formula. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Corporation had an investment of $7.9 million and $8.1 million,

62

respectively, related to the FHLB stock. Also included in restricted stock is secondary stock from a correspondent bank in the amount of $50 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. All restricted stock is carried at cost.

Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of their cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) significance of the decline in net assets of the banks as compared to the capital stock amount and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the banks to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the banks, and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the banks.

Management believes 0 impairment charge is necessary related to these bank restricted stocks as of December 31, 2020 or 2019.

(l)          Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets, including loan and loan participation sales, are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

(m)         Bank Premises and Equipment

Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Land is carried at cost.  Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 12 to 20 years.  Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 7 years and 3 to 5 years for computer software and hardware, respectively. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; while major replacements, improvements and additions are capitalized.  

(n)Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Corporation invests in bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) as a source of funding for employee benefit expenses. BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Corporation on a chosen group of employees. The Corporation is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. This life insurance investment is carried at the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Earnings from the increase in cash surrender value of the policies are included in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

(o)         Advertising Costs

The Corporation follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred.

(p)          Employee Benefit Plans

The Corporation has a 401(k) Plan (the Plan) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). All employees are eligible to participate in the Plan and ESOP after they have attained the age of 21 and have also completed 3 consecutive months of service. Employees must participate in the Plan to be eligible for participation in the ESOP. The employees may contribute to the Plan up to the maximum percentage allowable by law of their compensation. The Corporation may make a discretionary matching contribution to the Plan and the ESOP. Full vesting in the Corporation’s contribution to the Plan and ESOP is over a three-year period. The Corporation recorded expense for the Plan and ESOP of $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020 and

63

$636 thousand and $325 thousand, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2019. The expense recorded by the Corporation for the ESOP for the year ended December 31, 2020 included a $600 thousand one-time contribution approved by the Board of Directors.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, 161,576 shares were purchased by the ESOP at an average market value of $15.06, while 0 shares were purchased by the ESOP for 2019.  Shares in the ESOP that are committed to be released to employees are treated as outstanding shares in the Corporation’s computation of earnings per share.

On August 31, 2020 the Corporation established a $2 million stock purchase authorization with the ESOP.  By the end of 2020 the ESOP had fully utilized the $2 million loan to purchase 133,280 Corporation common shares and as of December 31, 2020, 13,328 of these common shares were released to the ESOP and such shares are included in the number of shares purchased in 2020 for the ESOP noted above, leaving 119,952 unallocated shares.

There were 225,687 shares in the ESOP as of December 31, 2020. Shares in the ESOP would be impacted by any stock dividends and stock splits in the same manner as all other outstanding common shares of the Corporation.

(q)          Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are provided on the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and net operating losses and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carry-forwards and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Corporation follows accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Under the “more likely than not” threshold guidelines, the Corporation believes no significant uncertain tax positions exist, either individually or in the aggregate, that would give rise to the non-recognition of an existing tax benefit. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Corporation had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. The Corporation’s policy is to account for interest as a component of interest expense and penalties as a component of other expense. The Corporation is no longer subject to examination by federal, state and local taxing authorities for years before January 1, 2017.

(r)          Stock Compensation Plans

Stock compensation accounting guidance requires that the compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The stock compensation accounting guidance covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options and restricted share plans.

The stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Corporation’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

(s)          Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on

64

available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 consist of unrealized holding gains and (losses) arising during the year on available-for-sale securities.

(t)           Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the balance sheet when they are funded.

(u)           Derivative Financial Instruments

The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments related to its mortgage banking activities on its balance sheet at fair value. The Corporation utilizes investor quotes to determine the fair value of interest rate lock commitment derivatives and market pricing to determine the fair value of forward security purchase commitment derivatives. All changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in earnings.

The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. The interest rate swaps are recognized on the Corporation’s balance sheet at fair value.  Under these agreements, the Corporation originates variable-rate loans with customers in addition to interest rate swap agreements, which serve to effectively swap the customers’ variable-rate loans into fixed-rate loans. The Corporation then enters into corresponding swap agreements with swap dealer counterparties to economically hedge its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer agreements. The interest rate swaps with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under ASC 815 and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by ASC 820.

(v)           Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury stock. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution that would occur if in the-money stock options were exercised and converted into shares of common stock and restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards were vested. Proceeds assumed to have been received on options exercises are assumed to be used to purchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock at the average market price during the period, as required by the treasury stock method of accounting. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive.

(w)Revenue Recognition

The Corporation recognizes all sources of income on the accrual method, with the exception of nonaccrual loans and leases.

The Corporation earns wealth management fee income from investment advisory services provided to individual and 401k customers. Fees that are determined based on the market value of the assets held in their accounts are generally billed quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of assets at the end of the previous billing period. Other related services that are based on a fixed fee schedule are recognized when the services are rendered. Fees that are transaction based, including trade execution services, are recognized at the point in time that the

65

transaction is executed, i.e. the trade date. Included in other assets on the balance sheet is a receivable for wealth management fees that have been earned but not yet collected.

(x)Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

(y) Operating Segments

While the chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Corporation-wide basis. The Corporation has identified 3 segments:  a banking segment, a wealth management segment and a mortgage banking segment, as more fully disclosed in the Segment note to the consolidated financial statements.

(z)Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures note to the consolidated financial statements. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

(2)

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income availablevii.

Notes to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and if restricted stock awards were vested. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.Consolidated Financial Statements

Year Ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2020

    

2019

Numerator:

Net income available to common stockholders

$

26,438

10,481

Denominator for basic earnings per share

Weighted average shares outstanding

6,159

6,407

Average unearned ESOP shares

(37)

Basic weighted averages shares outstanding

6,122

6,407

Effect of dilutive common shares

65

31

Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding

6,187

6,438

Basic earnings per share

$

4.32

1.64

Diluted earnings per share

$

4.27

1.63

Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share

275

199

66

51

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Malvern, Pennsylvania

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

Washington, D.C.
March 16, 2022

52

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(3)

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

The Corporation’s goodwill and intangible assets are detailed below:

Balance

Balance

Amortization

December 31, 

Amortization

December 31, 

Period

(dollars in thousands)

    

2019

    

Expense

    

2020

    

(in years)

Goodwill - Wealth

$

899

899

Indefinite

Total Goodwill

899

899

Intangible assets - trade name

266

266

Indefinite

Intangible assets - customer relationships

3,523

(204)

3,319

20

Intangible assets - non competition agreements

85

(69)

16

4

Total Intangible Assets

3,874

(273)

3,601

Total

$

4,773

(273)

4,500

Accumulated amortization of intangible assets was $1 million and $750 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

In accordance with ASC Topic 350, the Corporation performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Corporation, including the wealth reporting unit where the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets are held, was more than its carrying amount.

At December 31, 2020, the schedule of future intangible asset amortization is as follows (in thousands):

2021

221

2022

204

2023

204

2024

204

2025

204

Thereafter

2,298

$

3,335

67

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2021

    

2020

Cash and due from banks

$

23,480

34,190

Federal funds sold

2,554

Cash and cash equivalents

23,480

36,744

Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $158,387 and $120,215 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020)

159,302

123,562

Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $6,591 and $6,857 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020)

6,372

6,510

Equity investments

2,354

1,031

Mortgage loans held for sale (amortized cost of $80,002 and $225,007 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020), at fair value

80,882

229,199

Loans, net of fees and costs (includes $17,558 and $12,182 of loans at fair value, amortized cost of $17,106 and $11,514 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020)

1,386,457

1,284,764

Allowance for loan and lease losses

(18,758)

(17,767)

Loans, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses

1,367,699

1,266,997

Restricted investment in bank stock

5,117

7,861

Bank premises and equipment, net

11,806

7,777

Bank owned life insurance

22,503

12,138

Accrued interest receivable

5,009

5,482

Deferred income taxes

1,413

62

Servicing assets

12,765

5,617

Goodwill

899

899

Intangible assets

3,379

3,601

Other assets

10,463

12,717

Total assets

$

1,713,443

1,720,197

Liabilities:

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing

$

274,528

203,843

Interest bearing

1,171,885

1,037,492

Total deposits

1,446,413

1,241,335

Short-term borrowings

41,344

106,862

Long-term debt

165,546

Subordinated debentures

40,508

40,671

Accrued interest payable

31

1,154

Other liabilities

19,787

23,007

Total liabilities

1,548,083

1,578,575

Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 25,000,000 and 10,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; issued 6,534,587 and 6,455,566 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020

6,535

6,456

Surplus

83,663

81,196

Treasury stock - 426,693 and 320,000 shares at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020

(8,860)

(5,828)

Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan

(1,602)

(1,768)

Retained earnings

84,916

59,010

Accumulated other comprehensive income

708

2,556

Total stockholders’ equity

165,360

141,622

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

1,713,443

1,720,197

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

53

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2021

    

2020

Interest income:

Loans, including fees

$

68,822

60,357

Securities:

Taxable

1,460

1,186

Tax-exempt

1,192

1,044

Cash and cash equivalents

48

69

Total interest income

71,522

62,656

Interest expense:

Deposits

5,494

9,970

Borrowings

2,917

3,690

Total interest expense

8,411

13,660

Net interest income

63,111

48,996

Provision for loan losses

1,070

8,302

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

62,041

40,694

Non-interest income:

Mortgage banking income

75,932

76,461

Wealth management income

4,801

3,854

SBA loan income

6,898

2,572

Earnings on investment in life insurance

365

279

Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments

(4,338)

4,975

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale

(3,311)

3,847

Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment

(189)

323

Net gain (loss) on hedging activity

2,961

(9,400)

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale

435

1,345

Service charges

129

107

Other

4,305

2,555

Total non-interest income

87,988

86,918

Non-interest expenses:

Salaries and employee benefits

78,866

72,147

Occupancy and equipment

4,545

4,292

Professional fees

3,558

3,113

Advertising and promotion

3,714

2,852

Data processing

2,150

1,913

Information technology

2,232

1,542

Pennsylvania bank shares tax

609

1,049

Other

8,053

6,168

Total non-interest expenses

103,727

93,076

Income before income taxes

46,302

34,536

Income tax expense

10,717

8,098

Net income

$

35,585

26,438

Basic earnings per common share

$

5.91

4.32

Diluted earnings per common share

$

5.73

4.27

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

54

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Net income:

$

35,585

26,438

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Net change in unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:

Net unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period, net of tax expense of ($485), and $1,121, respectively

(1,514)

3,584

Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains on sales realized in net income, net of tax expense of ($101), and ($320), respectively

(334)

(1,025)

Unrealized investment (losses) gains, net of tax expense of $(584), and $801, respectively

(1,848)

2,559

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

(1,848)

2,559

Total comprehensive income

$

33,737

28,997

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Unearned

Accumulated

Common

Other

Common

Treasury

Stock -

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Surplus

    

Stock

ESOP

Earnings

    

Income

    

Total

Balance, January 1, 2020

$

6,408

80,196

(3)

34,097

(3)

120,695

Comprehensive income:

Net income

26,438

26,438

Net change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

2,559

2,559

Total comprehensive income

28,997

Dividends paid or accrued, $0.250 per share

(1,525)

(1,525)

Shares purchased for ESOP plan (133,601)

(2,000)

(2,000)

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (316,625)

122

(5,825)

(5,703)

Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises (47,881)

48

347

395

ESOP shares committed to be released (13,328)

232

232

Stock based compensation

531

531

Balance, December 31, 2020

$

6,456

81,196

(5,828)

(1,768)

59,010

2,556

141,622

Comprehensive income:

Net income

35,585

35,585

Net change in unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

(1,848)

(1,848)

Total comprehensive income

33,737

Dividends paid or accrued, $1.575 per share

(9,679)

(9,679)

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (106,693)

(3,032)

(3,032)

Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises, net of shares withheld (79,021)

79

1,026

1,105

ESOP shares committed to be released (13,328)

228

166

394

Stock based compensation

1,213

1,213

Balance, December 31, 2021

$

6,535

83,663

(8,860)

(1,602)

84,916

708

165,360

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

56

Meridian Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Net income

$

35,585

26,438

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

Gain on sale of investment securities

(435)

(1,345)

Net amortization of investment premiums and discounts and change in fair value of equity securities

1,369

425

Depreciation and amortization, net

(5,922)

(2,890)

Provision for loan losses

1,070

8,302

Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt

118

112

Share-based compensation

1,607

763

Net change in fair value of derivative instruments

4,338

(4,975)

Net change in fair value of loans held for sale

3,311

(3,847)

Net change in fair value of loans held for investment

189

(323)

Gain on sale of OREO

(6)

Amortization and net impairment of servicing rights

1,109

816

SBA loan income

(6,898)

(2,733)

Proceeds from sale of loans

2,483,373

2,235,986

Loans originated for sale

(2,270,693)

(2,356,821)

Mortgage banking income

(75,932)

(77,116)

Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable

473

(2,334)

(Increase) decrease in other assets

(3,693)

8,995

Earnings from investment in life insurance

(365)

(279)

(Increase) decrease income in deferred income tax

(768)

1,254

(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable

(1,122)

66

(Decreased) increase in other liabilities

(1,591)

11,047

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

165,123

(158,465)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Activity in available-for-sale securities:

Maturities, repayments and calls

10,447

8,247

Sales

23,585

45,927

Purchases

(74,341)

(114,494)

Activity in held-to-maturity securities:

Maturities, repayments and calls

2,140

Proceeds from sale of OREO

126

Decrease in restricted stock

2,743

211

Net increase in loans

(87,575)

(312,112)

Purchases of premises and equipment

(5,374)

(747)

Purchase of bank owned life insurance

(10,000)

Net cash used in investing activities

(140,515)

(370,702)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net increase in deposits

205,079

390,167

Decrease in short-term borrowings

(44,939)

(922)

Decrease in short-term borrowings with original maturity > 90 days

(20,579)

(15,479)

Repayment of long-term debt (subordinated debt)

(281)

(172)

(Repayment) proceeds from long-term debt, net

(165,546)

162,423

Repayment of acquisition note payable

(413)

Issuance costs on subordinated debt

(231)

Net purchase of treasury stock

(3,032)

(5,703)

Dividends paid

(9,679)

(1,525)

Purchase of common shares for ESOP

(2,000)

Share based awards and exercises

1,105

395

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

(37,872)

526,540

Net change in cash and cash equivalents 

(13,264)

(2,627)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

36,744

39,371

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

23,480

36,744

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the period for:

Interest

$

9,534

13,594

Income taxes

14,069

5,295

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment

8,410

3,313

Net loans purchased, not settled

325

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

57

(1)        Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a)          Nature of Operations

Meridian Corporation (“Meridian” or the “Corporation”) is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Meridian Bank (the “Bank”), a full-service, state-chartered commercial bank with offices in the Delaware Valley tri-state market, which includes Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, as well as the Central Maryland market area.  We have a financial services business model with significant noninterest income streams from mortgage lending, small business (“SBA”) lending and wealth management services. We provide services to small and middle market businesses, professionals and retail customers throughout our market area. We have a modern, progressive, consultative approach to creating innovative solutions for our customers. We are technology driven, with a culture that incorporates significant use of customer preferred alternativedeliverychannels, such as mobile banking, remote deposit capture and bank-to-bank ACH. Our ‘Meridian everywhere’ philosophy of community presence, along with our strategic business footprint, allows us to provide the high degree of service, convenience and products our customers need to achieve their financial objectives.  We provide this service through three principal business line distribution channels, described further below.

The Corporation operates in a highly competitive market areas that includes local, national and regional banks as competitors along with savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, trust companies and registered investment advisors. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are regulated by many regulatory agencies including the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Federal Reserve and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities.

The Bank was incorporated on March 16, 2004 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is a Pennsylvania state-chartered bank. The Bank commenced operations on July 8, 2004 and is a full-service bank providing personal and business lending and deposit services through 6 full-service banking offices in Pennsylvania, 9 mortgage loan production offices throughout the Delaware Valley, and 8 mortgage loan production offices in Maryland. The Bank and Corporation are headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania, located in the western suburbs of Philadelphia.

(b)          Basis of Presentation

The accounting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

The consolidated financial statements include accounts of the Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank, and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Bank: Meridian Land Settlement Services LLC; APEX Realty LLC; Meridian Wealth Partners LLC; and Meridian Equipment Finance LLC. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.  Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or total stockholders’ equity.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, due to the continuing impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on financial markets and the economy both locally and nationally, it is reasonably possible that this could continue to materially affect these significant estimates and our results of operations and financial condition.

(c)          Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Corporation’s activities are with customers located in the Delaware Valley tri-state market and the central Maryland market area. Note 4 discusses the types of securities that the Corporation invests in. Note 5

58

discusses types of lending that the Corporation engages in. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio, its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is influenced by the region’s economy. The Corporation does not have any significant concentrations to any one industry or customer, however there is significant concentration of commercial real estate-backed loans, amounting to 37% and 38% of total loans held for investment, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(d)          Presentation of Cash Flows

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are purchased or sold for one day periods. The Federal Reserve Board removed cash minimum reserve requirements in March 2020. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, and the federal funds purchased and repurchased agreements.

(e)          Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

Securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed on a level yield basis.

Investments in equity securities are recorded in accordance with ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income.  At December 31, 2021 and 2020, investments in equity securities consisted of an investment in mutual funds with a fair value of $2.4 million, and $1 million, respectively.

The Corporation’s accounting policy specifies that (a) if the Corporation does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When the Corporation does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not, the Corporation will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. The Corporation did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

(f)           Loans Receivable

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans. The Corporation generally amortizes these amounts over the contractual life of the loan.

59

Loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, are held for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff, are carried at fair value.

The accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and charged against current year income. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

(g)          Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses (“Allowance”) is a valuation for probable incurred credit losses established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the Allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. Charge-offs for retail consumer loans are generally made for any balance not adequately secured after 120 cumulative days past due.

The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable incurred credit losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available. In addition, Federal regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s Allowance and may require the Corporation to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management.

The Allowance consists of general and specific components. The general component covers non-classified loans, as well as, non-impaired classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as doubtful, substandard, and are on non-accrual and have been deemed impaired. Loan classifications are determined based on various assessments such as the borrower’s overall financial condition, payment history, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral.

We apply historical loss rates to pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. Loss rates are calculated by historical charge-offs that have occurred within each pool of loans over the loss emergence period (“LEP”). The LEP is an estimate of the average amount of time from when an event happens that causes the borrower to be unable to pay on a loan until the loss is confirmed through a loan charge-off.

Another key assumption is the look-back period (“LBP”), which represents the historical data period utilized to calculate loss rates. Our LBP goes back to Q1 2010 for all portfolio segments, as applicable, which encompasses our loss experience during the Financial Crisis, and our more recent improved loss experience.

After consideration of the historic loss calculations, management applies qualitative adjustments so that the Allowance is reflective of the inherent losses that exist in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. Qualitative adjustments are made based upon changes in lending policies and practices, economic conditions, changes in the loan portfolio, changes in lending management, results of internal loan reviews, asset quality trends, collateral values, concentrations of credit risk and other external factors. The evaluation of the various components of the Allowance requires considerable judgment in order to estimate inherent loss exposures.

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A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, or a troubled debt restructure (“TDR”). Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

For commercial and construction loans, impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral adjusted for cost to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous residential mortgage and consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Corporation does not separately identify individual loans of this nature for impairment disclosures, unless such loans become impaired or are troubled and the subject of a restructuring agreement.

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as TDRs if the Corporation grants such borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a TDR generally involve a temporary reduction in interest rate or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. TDRs are considered impaired loans

No portion of the Allowance is restricted to any individual loan or groups of loans, and the entire Allowance is available to absorb any and all loan and lease losses.

The Corporation has identified the following portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics for measuring credit losses:

Commercial mortgage – Our commercial real estate loans are secured by real estate that is both owner-occupied and investor owned. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans generally involve less risk than an investment property and are distinctly reported from non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans for measuring loan concentrations for regulatory purposes. Repayment of commercial real estate loans depends on the cash flow of the borrower and the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s profitability, and the value of the underlying property. Of primary concern in commercial real estate lending is the borrower’s creditworthiness and the cash flows from the property. Payments on loans secured by income properties often depend on successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject, to a greater extent than residential real estate loans, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Commercial real estate is also subject to adverse market conditions that cause a decrease in market value or lease rates, obsolescence in location or function and market conditions associated with oversupply of units in a specific region.

Residential mortgage – Residential loans held in portfolio are primarily secured by single-family homes located in our market areas. Residential loans are generally made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment income or other income, and are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable. Repayment of single-family loans are subject to adverse employment conditions in the local economy leading to increased default rates and decreased market values, including from oversupply in a geographic area. In general, these loans depend on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and, therefore, are likely to be adversely affected by various factors, including job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

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Construction – Construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost of construction. During the construction phase, a number of factors could result in delays and cost overruns. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, additional funds may be required to be advanced in excess of the amount originally committed to permit completion of the building.

Commercial and Industrial – We provide a variety of variable and fixed rate commercial business loans and lines of credit. These loans and lines of credit are made to small and medium-sized manufacturers and wholesale, retail and service-related businesses.  Commercial business loans generally include lines of credit and term loans with a maturity of five years or less. The primary source of repayment for commercial business loans is generally operating cash flows of the business and may also include collateralization of inventory, accounts receivable, equipment and/or personal guarantees.  As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, any collateral securing such loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value.

Leases – Meridian Equipment Finance (“MEF”) specializes in small ticket equipment leases for small and mid-sized businesses nationally and through a broad range of industries.  The Bank’s credit risk generally results from the potential default of borrowers which may be driven by customer specific or broader industry related conditions.

Consumer, including home equity – Our consumer-lending department principally originates home equity based products for our clients and prospects. These loans typically fund completely at closing. Additional products include smaller dollar personal loans and our student loan refinance product, designed to provide additional flexibility in repayment terms desired in the marketplace. Most consumer loans are originated in Meridian’s primary market and surrounding areas.

The largest component of Meridian’s consumer loan portfolio consists of fixed rate home equity loans and variable rate home equity lines of credit.  Substantially all home equity loans and lines of credit are secured by junior lien mortgages on principal residences.  The Bank will lend amounts, which, together with all prior liens, typically may be up to 90 percent of the appraised value of the property securing the loan.  Home equity term loans may have maximum terms up to 20 years, while home equity lines of credit generally have maximum terms of 15 years.

Credit risk on such loans is mitigated through prudent underwriting standards, including evaluation of the creditworthiness of the borrower through credit scores and debt-to-income ratios and, if secured, the collateral value of the assets.

h)          Mortgage Banking Activities and Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Corporation’s mortgage banking division operates 9 offices in the tri-state area of Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey and another 8 offices in Maryland. The mortgage banking division originates conventional mortgages, FHA, VA, USDA, and other state insured mortgages. The loans are generally sold to various investors in the secondary market.

Mortgage loans originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors are classified as mortgage loans held for sale on the balance sheet as the Corporation has elected to measure loans held for sale at fair value. Fair value is based on outstanding investor commitments or, in the absence of such commitments, on current investor yield requirements based on third party models. Gains and losses on sales of these loans, as well as loan origination costs, are recorded as a component of noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Corporation’s current practice is to sell residential mortgage loans and retain the servicing rights, as discussed further below.  Interest on loans held for sale is credited to income based on the principal amounts outstanding.

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The Corporation enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (interest rate lock commitments). Rate lock commitments on mortgage loans that are intended to be sold are considered to be derivatives. Time elapsing between the issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 30 to 120 days. The Corporation protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward sale contracts, whereby the Corporation commits to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the buyer has assumed interest rate risk on the loan. The Corporation also commits to loan sales through a mandatory sales channel which are economically hedged by the future sale of mortgage-backed securities to third-party counterparties to mitigate the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale.  By entering into best efforts commitments and economically hedging the mandatory commitments, the Corporation limits its exposure to loss and its realization of significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.

The Corporation utilizes a third-party model to determine the fair value of rate lock commitments or forward sale contracts.  This model uses investor quotes while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. Net derivative assets and liabilities are recorded within other assets or other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

(i)Loan Servicing Rights

The Corporation sells substantially all of the residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market; however, the Corporation may retain the servicing rights related to some of these loans. A fee, usually based on a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the loan, is received in return for these services. Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs") are recognized when a loan’s servicing rights are retained upon sale of a loan. When mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, MSRs are initially recorded at fair value with the income effect recorded in non-interest income.

The Corporation also sells the guaranteed portion of certain Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees.  All such transfers are accounted for as sales. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. 

These servicing assets amortize in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying loans.  The servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the servicing assets.

(j)          Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned (OREO) is comprised of property acquired through a foreclosure proceeding or acceptance of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The Corporation acquires OREO through the wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank, Apex Realty. OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, or the loan amount net of estimated selling costs, at the date of foreclosure. The cost basis of OREO is its recorded value at the time of acquisition. After acquisition, valuations are periodically performed by management and subsequent changes in the valuation allowance are charged to OREO expense. Revenues, such as rental income, and holding expenses are included in other income and other expenses, respectively.  The Corporation had 0 OREO at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

(k)          Restricted Investment in Bank Stock

Restricted bank stock is principally comprised of stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLB). Federal law requires a member institution of the FHLB to hold stock according to a predetermined formula. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Corporation had an investment of $5.1 million and $7.9 million,

63

respectively, related to the FHLB stock. Also included in restricted stock is secondary stock from a correspondent bank in the amount of $50 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. All restricted stock is carried at cost.

Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of their cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) significance of the decline in net assets of the banks as compared to the capital stock amount and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the banks to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the banks, and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the banks.

Management believes 0 impairment charge is necessary related to these bank restricted stocks as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.

(l)          Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets, including loan and loan participation sales, are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

(m)         Bank Premises and Equipment

Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Land is carried at cost.  Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 12 to 40 years.  Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 7 years and 3 to 5 years for computer software and hardware, respectively. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; while major replacements, improvements and additions are capitalized.  

(n)Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Corporation invests in bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) as a source of funding for employee benefit expenses. BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Corporation on a chosen group of employees. The Corporation is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. This life insurance investment is carried at the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Earnings from the increase in cash surrender value of the policies are included in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

(o)         Advertising Costs

The Corporation follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred.

(p)          Employee Benefit Plans

The Corporation has a 401(k) Plan (the Plan) and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). All employees are eligible to participate in the Plan and ESOP after they have attained the age of 21 and have also completed 3 consecutive months of service. Employees must participate in the Plan to be eligible for participation in the ESOP. The employees may contribute to the Plan up to the maximum percentage allowable by law of their compensation. The Corporation may make a discretionary matching contribution to the Plan and the ESOP. Full vesting in the Corporation’s contribution to the Plan and ESOP is over a three-year period. The Corporation recorded expense for the Plan and ESOP of $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2021 and

64

$1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively for the year ended December 31, 2020. The expense recorded by the Corporation for the ESOP for the year ended December 31, 2021 included a $663 thousand employer contribution, in addition to $437 thousand in stock compensation related expense.   The expense recorded by the Corporation for the ESOP for the year ended December 31, 2020 included a $550 thousand employer contribution, and a $600 thousand one-time contribution approved by the Board of Directors.  There was 0 such contribution made in 2021.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 45,606 shares were purchased by the ESOP at an average market value of $24.30, while for the year ended December 31, 2020, 161,576 shares were purchased by the ESOP at an average market value of $15.06.  Shares in the ESOP that are committed to be released to employees are treated as outstanding shares in the Corporation’s computation of earnings per share.

On August 31, 2020 the Corporation established a $2 million stock purchase authorization with the ESOP.  By the end of 2020 the ESOP had fully utilized the $2 million loan to purchase 133,280 Corporation common shares and as of December 31, 2021, 26,656 of these common shares were released to the ESOP leaving 106,624 unallocated shares. The 133,280 common shares purchased using the loan proceeds are included in the 161,576 shares purchased by the ESOP in 2020.

There were 269,904 shares in the ESOP as of December 31, 2021. Shares in the ESOP would be impacted by any stock dividends and stock splits in the same manner as all other outstanding common shares of the Corporation.

(q)          Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are provided on the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and net operating losses and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carry-forwards and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Corporation follows accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Under the “more likely than not” threshold guidelines, the Corporation believes no significant uncertain tax positions exist, either individually or in the aggregate, that would give rise to the non-recognition of an existing tax benefit. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Corporation had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. The Corporation’s policy is to account for interest as a component of interest expense and penalties as a component of other expense. The Corporation is no longer subject to examination by federal, state and local taxing authorities for years before January 1, 2018.

(r)          Stock Compensation Plans

Stock compensation accounting guidance requires that the compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost will be measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The stock compensation accounting guidance covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including stock options and restricted share plans.

The stock compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Corporation’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

65

(s)          Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of unrealized holding gains and (losses) arising during the year on available-for-sale securities.

(t)           Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the balance sheet when they are funded.

(u)           Derivative Financial Instruments

The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments related to its mortgage banking activities on its balance sheet at fair value. The Corporation utilizes investor quotes to determine the fair value of interest rate lock commitment derivatives and market pricing to determine the fair value of forward security purchase commitment derivatives. All changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in earnings.

The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. The interest rate swaps are recognized on the Corporation’s balance sheet at fair value.  Under these agreements, the Corporation originates variable-rate loans with customers in addition to interest rate swap agreements, which serve to effectively swap the customers’ variable-rate loans into fixed-rate loans. The Corporation then enters into corresponding swap agreements with swap dealer counterparties to economically hedge its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer agreements. The interest rate swaps with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under ASC 815 and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by ASC 820.

(v)           Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury stock. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution that would occur if in the-money stock options were exercised and converted into shares of common stock and restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards were vested. Proceeds assumed to have been received on options exercises are assumed to be used to purchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock at the average market price during the period, as required by the treasury stock method of accounting. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive.

(w)Revenue Recognition

The Corporation recognizes all sources of income on the accrual method, with the exception of nonaccrual loans and leases.

The Corporation earns wealth management fee income from investment advisory services provided to individual and 401k customers. Fees that are determined based on the market value of the assets held in their accounts are

66

generally billed quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of assets at the end of the previous billing period. Other related services that are based on a fixed fee schedule are recognized when the services are rendered. Fees that are transaction based, including trade execution services, are recognized at the point in time that the transaction is executed, i.e. the trade date. Included in other assets on the balance sheet is a receivable for wealth management fees that have been earned but not yet collected.

(x)Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

(y) Operating Segments

While the chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Corporation-wide basis. The Corporation has identified 3 segments:  a banking segment, a wealth management segment and a mortgage banking segment, as more fully disclosed in the Segment note to the consolidated financial statements.

(z)Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures note to the consolidated financial statements. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

(4)

Securities

The amortized cost(2)

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and if restricted stock awards were vested, and SERP plan liabilities were satisfied with common shares. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.

Year Ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2021

    

2020

Numerator:

Net income available to common stockholders

$

35,585

26,438

Denominator for basic earnings per share

Weighted average shares outstanding

6,133

6,159

Average unearned ESOP shares

(114)

(37)

Basic weighted averages shares outstanding

6,019

6,122

Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options

130

23

Dilutive effects of SERP shares

57

42

Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding

6,206

6,187

Basic earnings per share

$

5.91

4.32

Diluted earnings per share

$

5.73

4.27

Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share

139

275

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Table of Contents

(3)

Goodwill and approximate fair value of securities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:Other Intangibles

December 31, 2020

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

25,303

364

(75)

25,592

8

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

3,854

192

4,046

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

23,010

916

(17)

23,909

1

State and municipal securities

63,848

2,025

(63)

65,810

3

Corporate bonds

4,200

7

(2)

4,205

2

Total securities available-for-sale

$

120,215

3,504

(157)

123,562

14

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

6,510

347

6,857

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

6,510

347

6,857

December 31, 2019

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

11,967

(101)

11,866

9

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

5,457

66

(26)

5,497

1

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

35,096

300

(173)

35,223

15

State and municipal securities

6,354

(84)

6,270

6

Total securities available-for-sale

$

58,874

366

(384)

58,856

31

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

8,780

223

9,003

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

8,780

223

9,003

Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized gain position at December 31, 2020, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and the Corporation does not intend to sell these securities prior to recovery and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, 0 securities are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, securities having a fair value of $55.9 million and $19.5 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

The Corporation’s goodwill and intangible assets are detailed below:

Balance

Balance

Amortization

December 31, 

Amortization

December 31, 

Period

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

Expense

    

2021

    

(in years)

Goodwill - Wealth

$

899

899

Indefinite

Total Goodwill

899

899

Intangible assets - trade name

266

266

Indefinite

Intangible assets - customer relationships

3,319

(206)

3,113

20

Intangible assets - non competition agreements

16

(16)

4

Total Intangible Assets

3,601

(222)

3,379

Total

$

4,500

(222)

4,278

Accumulated amortization of intangible assets was $1.2 million and $1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  

In accordance with ASC Topic 350, the Corporation performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Corporation, including the wealth reporting unit where the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets are held, was more than its carrying amount.

At December 31, 2021, the schedule of future intangible asset amortization is as follows (in thousands):

2022

204

2023

204

2024

204

2025

204

2026

204

Thereafter

2,093

$

3,113

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Table of Contents

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020 and 2019:(4)

Securities

December 31, 2020

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or more

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

2,884

(4)

7,443

(71)

10,327

(75)

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

2,284

(17)

2,284

(17)

State and municipal securities

4,163

(63)

4,163

(63)

Corporate bonds

1,198

(2)

1,198

(2)

Total securities available-for-sale

$

10,529

(86)

7,443

(71)

17,972

(157)

December 31, 2019

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or more

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

11,866

(101)

11,866

(101)

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

1,636

(26)

1,636

(26)

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

16,283

(116)

3,108

(57)

19,391

(173)

State and municipal securities

6,270

(84)

6,270

(84)

Total securities available-for-sale

$

34,419

(301)

4,744

(83)

39,163

(384)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown below by contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Available-for-sale

Held-to-maturity

Available-for-sale

Held-to-maturity

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

Investment securities:

Due in one year or less

$

$

Due after one year through five years

3,181

3,288

4,242

4,311

Due after five years through ten years

12,035

12,095

3,329

3,569

1,329

1,324

4,538

4,692

Due after ten years

81,316

83,512

16,992

16,812

Subtotal

93,351

95,607

6,510

6,857

18,321

18,136

8,780

9,003

Mortgage-related securities

26,864

27,955

40,553

40,720

Total

$

120,215

123,562

6,510

6,857

$

58,874

58,856

8,780

9,003

Proceeds from the sale of available for sale investment securities totaled $45.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a gross gain on sale of $1.5 million and a gross loss on sale of $196 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Proceeds from the sale of available for sale investment securities totaled $24.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting in a gross gain on sale of $264 thousand and a gross loss on sale of $99 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of securities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

December 31, 2021

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

16,850

55

(68)

16,837

10

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

9,749

124

(60)

9,813

3

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

22,276

358

(253)

22,381

10

State and municipal securities

72,099

1,379

(496)

72,982

12

U.S. Treasuries

29,973

1

(246)

29,728

21

Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

990

(15)

975

1

Corporate bonds

6,450

154

(18)

6,586

5

Total securities available-for-sale

$

158,387

2,071

(1,156)

159,302

62

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

6,372

219

6,591

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

6,372

219

6,591

December 31, 2020

Gross

Gross

# of Securities

Amortized

unrealized

unrealized

Fair

in unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

gains

    

losses

    

value

loss position

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

25,303

364

(75)

25,592

8

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

3,854

192

4,046

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

23,010

916

(17)

23,909

1

State and municipal securities

63,848

2,025

(63)

65,810

3

Corporate bonds

4,200

7

(2)

4,205

2

Total securities available-for-sale

$

120,215

3,504

(157)

123,562

14

Securities held-to-maturity:

State and municipal securities

6,510

347

6,857

Total securities held-to-maturity

$

6,510

347

6,857

Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized gain position at December 31, 2021, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and the Corporation does not intend to sell these securities prior to recovery and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, 0 securities are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, securities having a fair value of $92.2 million and $55.9 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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(5)

Loans Receivable

Loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are detailed by category as follows:

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

Mortgage loans held for sale

$

229,199

33,704

Real estate loans:

Commercial mortgage

485,103

362,590

Home equity lines and loans

64,987

81,583

Residential mortgage (1)

52,454

53,665

Construction

140,246

172,044

Total real estate loans

742,790

669,882

Commercial and industrial

261,750

273,301

Small business loans

49,542

21,616

Paycheck Protection Program loans ("PPP")

203,543

Main Street Lending Program Loans ("MSLP")

580

Consumer

511

1,003

Leases, net

31,040

697

Total portfolio loans and leases

1,289,756

966,499

Total loans and leases

$

1,518,955

1,000,203

Loans with predetermined rates

$

658,458

293,114

Loans with adjustable or floating rates

860,497

707,089

Total loans and leases

$

1,518,955

1,000,203

Net deferred loan origination (fees) costs

$

(4,992)

(1,789)

(1) Includes $12,182 and $10,546 of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Components of the net investment in leases at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are detailed as follows:

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

Minimum lease payments receivable

$

37,919

729

Unearned lease income

(6,879)

(32)

Total

$

31,040

697

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

December 31, 2021

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or more

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

12,330

(68)

12,330

(68)

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

3,852

(60)

3,852

(60)

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

8,836

(187)

1,657

(66)

10,493

(253)

State and municipal securities

14,994

(427)

2,019

(69)

17,013

(496)

U.S. Treasuries

28,750

(246)

28,750

(246)

Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

975

(15)

975

(15)

Corporate bonds

2,232

(18)

2,232

(18)

Total securities available-for-sale

$

71,969

(1,021)

3,676

(135)

75,645

(1,156)

December 31, 2020

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or more

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

(dollars in thousands)

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

    

value

    

losses

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

2,884

(4)

7,443

(71)

10,327

(75)

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

2,284

(17)

2,284

(17)

State and municipal securities

4,163

(63)

4,163

(63)

Corporate bonds

1,198

(2)

1,198

(2)

Total securities available-for-sale

$

10,529

(86)

7,443

(71)

17,972

(157)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are shown below by contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Available-for-sale

Held-to-maturity

Available-for-sale

Held-to-maturity

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

    

cost

    

value

Investment securities:

Due in one year or less

$

763

769

$

Due after one year through five years

12,934

12,885

2,354

2,397

3,181

3,288

Due after five years through ten years

30,890

30,798

3,255

3,425

12,035

12,095

3,329

3,569

Due after ten years

81,548

82,450

81,316

83,512

Subtotal

125,372

126,133

6,372

6,591

93,351

95,607

6,510

6,857

Mortgage-related securities

33,015

33,169

26,864

27,955

Mutual funds with no stated maturity

Total

$

158,387

159,302

6,372

6,591

$

120,215

123,562

6,510

6,857

Proceeds from the sale of available for sale investment securities totaled $23.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, resulting in a gross gain on sale of $634 thousand and a gross loss on sale of $199 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. Proceeds from the sale of available for sale investment securities totaled $45.9 million for the year

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ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a gross gain on sale of $1.5 million and a gross loss on sale of $196 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020.

(5)

Loans Receivable

Loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are detailed by category as follows:

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Mortgage loans held for sale

$

80,882

229,199

Real estate loans:

Commercial mortgage

516,928

485,103

Home equity lines and loans

52,299

64,987

Residential mortgage (1)

68,175

52,454

Construction

160,905

140,246

Total real estate loans

798,307

742,790

Commercial and industrial

293,771

261,750

Small business loans

114,158

49,542

Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans

90,194

203,543

Main Street Lending Program ("MSLP") loans

597

580

Consumer

419

511

Leases, net

88,242

31,040

Total portfolio loans and leases

1,385,688

1,289,756

Total loans and leases

$

1,466,570

1,518,955

Loans with predetermined rates

$

488,220

658,458

Loans with adjustable or floating rates

978,350

860,497

Total loans and leases

$

1,466,570

1,518,955

Net deferred loan origination costs (fees)

$

769

(4,992)

(1) Includes $17,558 and $12,182 of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Components of the net investment in leases at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are detailed as follows:

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Minimum lease payments receivable

$

105,608

37,919

Unearned lease income

(17,366)

(6,879)

Total

$

88,242

31,040

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Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases

The following table presents an aging of the Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively:

Total

Total

90+ days

Accruing

Nonaccrual

Total loans

90+ days

accruing

Nonaccrual

Total loans

December 31, 2020

30-89 days

past due and

Total past

Loans and

loans and

portfolio

Delinquency

December 31, 2021

30-89 days

past due and

Total past

loans and

loans and

portfolio

Delinquency

(dollars in thousands)

    

past due

    

still accruing

    

due

    

Current

    

leases

    

leases

    

and leases

    

percentage

 

    

past due

    

still accruing

    

due

    

Current

    

leases

    

leases

    

and leases

    

percentage

 

Commercial mortgage

$

482,042

482,042

3,061

485,103

0.63

%

$

516,928

516,928

516,928

%

Home equity lines and loans

64,128

64,128

859

64,987

1.32

103

103

51,285

51,388

911

52,299

1.94

Residential mortgage (1)

3,595

3,595

46,134

49,729

2,725

52,454

12.05

600

600

65,177

65,777

2,398

68,175

4.40

Construction

140,246

140,246

140,246

160,905

160,905

160,905

Commercial and industrial

260,465

260,465

1,285

261,750

0.49

274,970

274,970

18,801

293,771

6.40

Small business loans

49,542

49,542

49,542

113,492

113,492

666

114,158

0.58

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

203,543

90,194

90,194

90,194

Main Street Lending Program loans

580

580

580

597

597

597

Consumer

511

511

511

419

419

419

Leases

109

109

30,931

31,040

31,040

0.35

Leases, net

390

390

87,640

88,030

212

88,242

0.68

Total

$

3,704

3,704

1,278,122

1,281,826

7,930

1,289,756

0.90

%

$

1,093

1,093

1,361,607

1,362,700

22,988

1,385,688

1.74

%

(1) Includes $17,558 of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2021 ($16,768 of current, $189 of 30-89 days past due and $601 of nonaccrual).

The increase in nonaccrual loans and leases was largely due to 1 commercial loan relationship for $13.8 million that had been on COVID-19 deferral but became a non-performing loan relationship late in 2021.

Total

90+ days

accruing

Nonaccrual

Total loans

December 31, 2020

30-89 days

past due and

Total past

loans and

loans and

portfolio

Delinquency

(dollars in thousands)

    

past due

    

still accruing

    

due

    

Current

    

leases

    

leases

    

and leases

    

percentage

 

Commercial mortgage

$

482,042

482,042

3,061

485,103

0.63

%

Home equity lines and loans

64,128

64,128

859

64,987

1.32

Residential mortgage (1)

3,595

3,595

46,134

49,729

2,725

52,454

12.05

Construction

140,246

140,246

140,246

Commercial and industrial

260,465

260,465

1,285

261,750

0.49

Small business loans

49,542

49,542

49,542

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

203,543

Main Street Lending Program loans

580

580

580

Consumer

511

511

511

Leases, net

109

109

30,931

31,040

31,040

0.35

Total

$

3,704

3,704

1,278,122

1,281,826

7,930

1,289,756

0.90

%

(1) Includes $12,182 of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2020 ($10,314 of current, $958 of 30-89 days past due and $910 of nonaccrual).

Total

90+ days

Accruing

Nonaccrual

Total loans

December 31, 2019

30-89 days

past due and

Total past

Loans and

loans and

portfolio

Delinquency

(dollars in thousands)

    

past due

    

still accruing

    

due

    

Current

    

leases

    

leases

    

and leases

    

percentage

 

Commercial mortgage

$

361,857

361,857

733

362,590

0.20

%

Home equity lines and loans

81,046

81,046

537

81,583

0.66

Residential mortgage (1)

4,675

4,675

47,446

52,121

1,544

53,665

11.59

Construction

172,044

172,044

172,044

Commercial and industrial

206

206

272,674

272,880

421

273,301

0.23

Small business loans

21,616

21,616

21,616

Consumer

1,003

1,003

1,003

Leases

162

162

535

697

697

23.24

Total

$

5,043

5,043

958,221

963,264

3,235

966,499

0.86

%

(1) Includes $10,54672

Table of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2019 ($9,056 of current, $786 of 30-89 days past dueContents

(6)Allowance for Loan and $704 of nonaccrual).Lease Losses (the Allowance)

(6)

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (the Allowance)

The Allowance is established through provisionsevaluated on at least a quarterly basis, as losses are estimated to be probable and incurred.  The provision for loan and lease losses charged against income.increase or decrease the ALLL, if deemed necessary.  Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance.

The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that are probable and estimable. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

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Roll-Forward of the Allowance by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the roll-forward of the Corporation’s Allowance, by portfolio segment, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively:

Balance,

Balance,

(dollars in thousands)

    

December 31, 2020

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Provision

    

December 31, 2021

Commercial mortgage

$

7,451

(2,501)

4,950

Home equity lines and loans

434

(81)

82

(211)

224

Residential mortgage

385

5

(107)

283

Construction

2,421

(379)

2,042

Commercial and industrial

5,431

41

1,061

6,533

Small business loans

1,259

2,478

3,737

Consumer

4

4

(5)

3

Leases

382

(130)

734

986

Total

$

17,767

(211)

132

1,070

18,758

Balance,

Balance,

(dollars in thousands)

    

December 31, 2019

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Provision

    

December 31, 2020

Commercial mortgage

$

3,426

4,025

7,451

Home equity lines and loans

342

(90)

14

168

434

Residential mortgage

179

7

199

385

Construction

2,362

59

2,421

Commercial and industrial

2,684

(31)

58

2,720

5,431

Small business loans

509

750

1,259

Consumer

6

(10)

4

4

4

Leases

5

377

382

Total

$

9,513

(131)

83

8,302

17,767

Balance,

Balance,

(dollars in thousands)

    

December 31, 2018

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Provision

    

December 31, 2019

Commercial mortgage

$

3,209

237

(20)

3,426

Home equity lines and loans

323

10

9

342

Residential mortgage

���

191

5

(17)

179

Construction

1,627

735

2,362

Commercial and industrial

2,612

(30)

333

(231)

2,684

Small business loans

78

431

509

Consumer

3

4

(1)

6

Leases

10

(5)

5

Total

$

8,053

(30)

589

901

9,513

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The Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment

The following table details the allocation of the Allowance and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of December 31, 20202021 respectively:

Allowance on loans and leases

Carrying value of loans and leases

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

December 31, 2020

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

(dollars in thousands)

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

Commercial mortgage

$

7,451

7,451

$

1,606

483,497

485,103

Home equity lines and loans

9

425

434

921

64,066

64,987

Residential mortgage

73

312

385

1,817

38,455

40,272

Construction

2,421

2,421

1,206

139,040

140,246

Commercial and industrial

1,563

3,868

5,431

4,645

257,105

261,750

Small business loans

1,259

1,259

185

49,357

49,542

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

Main Street Lending Program

580

580

Consumer

4

4

511

511

Leases

382

382

31,040

31,040

Total

$

1,645

16,122

17,767

$

10,380

1,267,194

1,277,574

(1)

Allowance on loans and leases

Carrying value of loans and leases

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

December 31, 2021

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

(dollars in thousands)

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

Commercial mortgage

$

4,950

4,950

$

3,556

513,372

516,928

Home equity lines and loans

224

224

905

51,394

52,299

Residential mortgage

283

283

1,797

48,820

50,617

Construction

2,042

2,042

1,206

159,699

160,905

Commercial and industrial

2,900

3,633

6,533

17,361

276,410

293,771

Small business loans

376

3,361

3,737

792

113,366

114,158

Paycheck Protection Program loans

90,194

90,194

(2)

Main Street Lending Program

597

597

(2)

Consumer

3

3

419

419

Leases, net

986

986

212

88,030

88,242

Total

$

3,276

15,482

18,758

$

25,829

1,342,301

1,368,130

(1)

(1)Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.
(2)PPP and MSLP loans are not reserved against as they are 100% guaranteed.

The following table details the allocation of the Allowance and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of December 31, 20192020 respectively:

Allowance on loans and leases

Carrying value of loans and leases

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

Allowance on loans and leases

Carrying value of loans and leases

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

December 31, 2019

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

December 31, 2020

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

evaluated

(dollars in thousands)

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

    

for impairment

    

for impairment

    

Total

Commercial mortgage

$

3,426

3,426

$

2,138

360,452

362,590

$

7,451

7,451

$

1,606

483,497

485,103

Home equity lines and loans

46

296

342

536

81,047

81,583

9

425

434

921

64,066

64,987

Residential mortgage

179

179

854

42,265

43,119

73

312

385

1,817

38,455

40,272

Construction

2,362

2,362

1,247

170,797

172,044

2,421

2,421

1,206

139,040

140,246

Commercial and industrial

27

2,657

2,684

1,288

272,013

273,301

1,563

3,868

5,431

4,645

257,105

261,750

Small business loans

63

446

509

1,244

20,372

21,616

1,259

1,259

185

49,357

49,542

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

(2)

Main Street Lending Program

580

580

(2)

Consumer

6

6

1,003

1,003

4

4

511

511

Leases

5

5

697

697

Leases, net

382

382

31,040

31,040

Total

$

136

9,377

9,513

$

7,307

948,646

955,953

(1)

$

1,645

16,122

17,767

$

10,380

1,267,194

1,277,574

(1)

(1)Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.
(2)PPP and MSLP loans are not reserved against as they are 100% guaranteed.

Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings

As part of the process of determining the Allowance to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows:

Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.
Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

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Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.

The following table details the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the Allowance as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively:

December 31, 2020

    

    

Special

    

    

    

December 31, 2021

    

    

Special

    

    

    

(dollars in thousands)

Pass

mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Pass

mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial mortgage

$

449,545

32,059

3,499

485,103

$

481,551

29,452

5,925

516,928

Home equity lines and loans

63,923

1,064

64,987

50,908

1,391

52,299

Construction

132,286

7,960

140,246

151,608

9,297

160,905

Commercial and industrial

227,349

21,721

9,000

3,680

261,750

236,298

14,603

42,870

293,771

Small business loans

46,789

2,753

49,542

112,096

2,062

114,158

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

90,194

90,194

Main Street Lending Program loans

580

580

597

597

Total

$

1,124,015

61,740

16,316

3,680

1,205,751

$

1,123,252

53,352

52,248

1,228,852

Commercial and industrial loans classified as substandard totaled $42.9 million as of December 31, 2021, an increase of $33.9 million, from $9.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by the $13.8 million commercial loan relationship in the advertising industry that became a non-performing loan relationship late in 2021, discussed above. The remaining $20.1 million of increase year-over-year was comprised of 18 different loan relationships with no specific industry concentration.  

December 31, 2019

    

    

Special

    

    

    

December 31, 2020

    

    

Special

    

    

    

(dollars in thousands)

Pass

mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Pass

mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial mortgage

$

353,724

5,821

3,045

362,590

$

449,545

32,059

3,499

485,103

Home equity lines and loans

81,046

537

81,583

63,923

1,064

64,987

Construction

170,823

1,221

172,044

132,286

7,960

140,246

Commercial and industrial

251,320

9,648

12,333

273,301

227,349

21,721

9,000

3,680

261,750

Small business loans

20,351

1,265

21,616

46,789

2,753

49,542

Paycheck Protection Program loans

203,543

203,543

Main Street Lending Program loans

580

580

Total

$

877,264

16,690

17,180

911,134

$

1,124,015

61,740

16,316

3,680

1,205,751

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, Allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status as December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

    

Performing

    

Nonperforming

    

Total

    

Performing

    

Nonperforming

    

Total

    

Performing

    

Nonperforming

    

Total

    

Performing

    

Nonperforming

    

Total

Residential mortgage

$

38,457

1,815

40,272

$

42,265

854

43,119

$

48,820

1,797

50,617

$

38,457

1,815

40,272

Consumer

511

511

1,003

1,003

419

419

511

511

Leases

31,040

31,040

697

697

Leases, net

88,030

212

88,242

31,040

31,040

Total

$

70,008

1,815

71,823

$

43,965

854

44,819

$

137,269

2,009

139,278

$

70,008

1,815

71,823

There were 5 nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2020 and 5 at December 31, 2019 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $910 thousand and $839 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above. NaN TDR’s performing according to modified terms are included in performing residential mortgages above for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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There were 4 nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2021 and 5 at December 31, 2020 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $601 thousand and $910 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above. NaN TDR’s performing according to modified terms are included in performing residential mortgages above for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Impaired Loans

The following tables detail the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related Allowance and interest income recognized for the periods.

As of December 31, 2020

As of December 31, 2019

As of December 31, 2021

As of December 31, 2020

Recorded

Principal

Related

Recorded

Principal

Related

Recorded

Principal

Related

Recorded

Principal

Related

(dollars in thousands)

    

investment

    

balance

    

allowance

    

investment

    

balance

    

allowance

    

investment

    

balance

    

allowance

    

investment

    

balance

    

allowance

Impaired loans with related allowance:

Commercial and industrial

3,860

3,902

1,563

617

617

27

$

17,147

17,310

2,900

3,860

3,902

1,563

Small business loans

1,002

1,002

63

666

666

376

Home equity lines and loans

95

105

9

461

461

46

95

105

9

Residential mortgage

689

689

73

689

689

73

Total

4,644

4,696

1,645

2,080

2,080

136

$

17,813

17,976

3,276

4,644

4,696

1,645

Impaired loans without related allowance:

Commercial mortgage

$

1,606

1,642

2,138

2,173

$

3,556

3,559

1,606

1,642

Commercial and industrial

785

862

671

718

214

269

785

862

Small business loans

185

185

242

242

126

126

185

185

Home equity lines and loans

826

839

75

75

905

935

826

839

Residential mortgage

1,128

1,128

854

854

1,797

1,797

1,128

1,128

Construction

1,206

1,206

1,247

1,248

1,206

1,206

1,206

1,206

Leases

212

212

Total

5,736

5,862

5,227

5,310

8,016

8,104

5,736

5,862

Grand Total

$

10,380

10,558

1,645

7,307

7,390

136

$

25,829

26,080

3,276

10,380

10,558

1,645

Year Ended

Year Ended

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Average

Interest

Average

Interest

recorded

income

recorded

income

(dollars in thousands)

investment

recognized

investment

recognized

Impaired loans with related allowance:

Commercial and industrial

17,349

15

3,907

31

Small business loans

887

Home equity lines and loans

102

Residential mortgage

689

Total

$

18,236

15

4,698

31

Impaired loans without related allowance:

Commercial mortgage

$

3,578

43

1,697

86

Commercial and industrial

239

24

832

19

Small business loans

154

14

213

14

Home equity lines and loans

914

831

Residential mortgage

1,807

11

1,131

133

Construction

1,206

62

1,208

45

Leases

240

Total

$

8,138

154

5,912

297

Grand Total

$

26,374

169

10,610

328

Interest income recognized on performing impaired loans amounted to $328 thousand and $206 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR’s”)

The restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if both of the following conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. The most common concessions granted include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt, such as (a) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (b) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (c) a temporary period of interest-only payments, (d) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or remaining term of the loan, and (e) for leases, a reduced lease payment. A less common concession granted is the forgiveness of a portion of the principal.

The determination of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties takes into account not only the current financial condition of the borrower, but also the potential financial condition of the borrower, were a concession not granted. The determination of whether a concession has been granted is very subjective in nature. For example, simply extending the term of a loan at its original interest rate or even at a higher interest rate could be interpreted as a concession unless the borrower could readily obtain similar credit terms from a different lender.

The balance of TDRs at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases

$

244

  

319

$

361

  

244

TDRs in compliance with modified terms

 

3,362

  

3,599

 

3,446

  

3,362

Total TDRs

$

3,606

  

3,918

$

3,807

  

3,606

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There were 2 loan and lease modifications granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 on commercial mortgages and 0 loan and lease modifications granted during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 that were categorized as TDRs.

NaN loan and lease modifications granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 subsequently defaulted during the same time period.

COVID-19 Loan ModificationsAssistance to Customers

The following table detailsDuring 2021 and 2020 we assisted customers that were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic through 2 distinct and impactful ways: the issuance of PPP loans and short-term loan modifications excluding TDR’sdeferrals on a limited basis, in accordance with Section 4103 of the CARES Act.

Throughout the life of the PPP loan program we helped borrowers with the issuance of 1,451 such loans totaling over $370 million. As of March 10, 2022, approximately $314 million, or 1,224 loans, had been paid back.  Out of the remaining $56.3 million that have yet to be forgiven by the CorporationSBA, $31.7 million have submitted for forgiveness and are awaiting a response from the SBA, while the remaining $24.6 million has not yet submitted a request for forgiveness.

We also provided COVID-19 loan deferrals, typically in 3 month increments, to loan customers that amounted to $2.4 million as of December 31, 2020.2021, down $21.8 million, or 90%, from the $24.2 million as of December 31, 2020 as detailed by industry concentration of the borrower in the table below:  

December 31, 2020

    

Portfolio

Total

Active

Loan Portfolio

Balance

Modifications

Modifications

Commercial mortgage

$

485,103

$

96,712

$

19,836

Commercial and industrial, including leases

292,790

22,727

Construction & land development

140,246

24,847

4,343

Home equity lines and loans

64,987

1,488

Residential mortgage

52,454

4,563

Small business loans

49,542

5,958

2,726

Consumer

511

Total

$

1,085,633

$

156,295

$

26,905

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2021

    

2020

Hotels

$

  

11,832

C&I building construction

10,103

Other

 

2,424

  

2,243

Total

$

2,424

  

24,178

In accordance withAs these modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualify under the provisions of either Section 4013 of the CARES Act loan deferrals granted to customers that resulted from the impact of COVID-19 and who were not past due at the time of deferral wereor Interagency Guidance, they are not considered trouble debt restructurings under ASC 310-40 as of December 31, 2020. This provision was extended to January 1, 2022 under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. TDR’s. Management continues to monitor these deferrals and has adequately considered these credits in the December 31, 20202021 allowance for loan losses balance.  These modified

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loans are classified as performing and are not considered past due. Loans are to be placed on non-accrual when it becomes apparent that payment of interest or recovery of all principal is questionable, and the COVID-19 related modification is no longer considered short-term or the modification is deemed ineffective.  As of January 31, 2022 the $2.4 million of deferrals that had existed as of December 31, 2021 expired without further deferral or modification given to these borrowers.

(7)

Bank Premises and Equipment

The components of premises and equipment at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Building

$

4,141

4,141

$

4,141

4,141

Leasehold improvements

3,202

3,156

3,347

3,202

Land

600

600

600

600

Land Improvements

218

215

218

218

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

2,700

2,574

3,229

2,700

Computer equipment and data processing software

7,034

6,360

7,971

7,034

Construction in process

102

3,763

Less: accumulated depreciation

(10,118)

(8,512)

(11,463)

(10,118)

Total

$

7,777

8,636

$

11,806

7,777

Total depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $1.3 million and 2019 totaled $1.6 million, respectively.

In November 2021 Meridian purchased a building for $3.8 million that will serve as the future headquarters of our bank operations department, as well as other departments. As of December 31, 2021 this building was classified as construction in process as it has not yet been put into service, and $1.7 million, respectively.therefore has not started to be depreciated.

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(8)

Deposits

The components of deposits at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

2019

    

2021

2020

Demand, non-interest bearing

$

203,843

139,450

$

274,528

203,843

Demand, interest bearing

206,573

94,416

268,248

206,573

Savings accounts

8,056

3,231

45,038

8,056

Money market accounts

564,566

302,242

652,590

564,566

Time deposits

258,297

311,829

206,009

258,297

Total

$

1,241,335

851,168

$

1,446,413

1,241,335

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations over $250 thousand were $233.1$179.8 million and $271.1$233.1 milllion as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

At December 31, 2020,2021, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows (in thousands):

2021

  

$

197,649

2022

41,533

  

$

126,719

2023

11,789

18,106

2024

3,342

4,071

2025

3,984

24,271

$

258,297

2026

32,842

Total

$

206,009

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(9)

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The Corporation’s short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings extended under agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh.Pittsburgh (“FHLB”). The Corporation has 2 unsecured Federal Funds borrowing facilities with correspondent banks: one of $15$24 million and one of $24 million, respectively, which are both unsecured.$15 million. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings.  The Corporation had $0 in0 Federal Funds purchased at December 31, 20202021 and 2019, respectively.December 31, 2020. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve discount window of $15.3 million that$3.5 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities and loans.securities. There were $10 million in0 borrowings under this facilityat December 31, 2021 and $10 million at December 31, 2020.

Short-term borrowings at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 consisted of the following notes:

Balance as of

Balance as of

Maturity

Interest

December 31, 

December 31, 

Maturity

Interest

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

date

    

rate

    

2020

    

2019

date

    

rate

    

2021

    

2020

Open Repo Plus Weekly

05/28/2021

0.41

%  

60,416

102,320

05/31/2022

0.33

%  

$

36,458

60,416

Mid-term Repo-fixed

09/12/2022

0.23

4,886

Federal Reserve Discount Window

03/31/2021

0.25

10,000

03/31/2021

0.25

10,000

Mid-term Repo-fixed

01/13/2021

0.36

4,605

01/13/2021

0.36

4,605

Mid-term Repo-fixed

06/10/2021

0.10

6,376

06/10/2021

0.10

6,376

Mid-term Repo-fixed

09/10/2021

0.11

10,000

09/10/2021

0.11

10,000

Mid-term Repo-fixed

12/10/2021

0.16

10,000

12/10/2021

0.16

10,000

Mid-term Repo-fixed

01/27/2021

0.23

5,465

01/27/2021

0.23

5,465

Mid-term Repo-fixed

08/10/2020

2.76

5,000

Mid-term Repo-fixed

08/10/2020

1.59

5,144

Mid-term Repo-fixed

09/11/2020

1.59

7,676

Mid-term Repo-fixed

03/27/2020

2.03

3,123

Acquisition Purchase Note

04/01/2020

3.00

413

Total

$

106,862

123,676

$

41,344

106,862

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Table of Contents

As part of the CARES Act, the FRB of Philadelphia offered secured discounted borrowings to banks who originated PPP loans through the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility or PPPLF program. Advances from this facility are secured 100% by the aggregate face value of pools comprised of loans with common maturity dates. PPPLF advances mature concurrently with the loans in a given pool. At December, 31, 2020,2021, the Corporation pledged $153.3 millionhad 0 of PPP loans toPPPLF advances with the FRB of Philadelphia to borrow $153.3 million of funds at a rate of 0.35%.Philadelphia. Advances made on the PPPLF were ended by the FRB on July 30, 2021.

Long-term debt at December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 consisted of the following fixed rate notes with the FHLB of Pittsburgh:

Balance as of

Balance as of

Maturity

Interest

December 31, 

December 31, 

Maturity

Interest

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

date

    

rate

    

2020

    

2019

    

date

    

rate

    

2021

    

2020

PPPLF Advance

Various

0.35

%  

153,269

PPPLF Advances

2022

0.35

%  

$

153,269

Mid-term Repo-fixed

06/29/2022

0.32

7,392

3,123

06/29/2022

0.32

7,392

Mid-term Repo-fixed

09/12/2022

0.23

4,885

09/12/2022

0.23

4,885

Total

`

$

165,546

3,123

`

$

165,546

The FHLB of Pittsburgh hadhas also issued $143.0$131.5 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire throughout 2021.

The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of Pittsburgh of $638.9 million and $507.3$505.4 million as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019, respectively.$638.9 million as of December 31, 2020. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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(10)

Subordinated Debentures

In December 2008, the Bank issued $550 thousand of mandatory convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (2008 Debentures). The 2008 Debentures have a maturity date of December 18, 2023 and interest on the 2008 Debentures is paid quarterly at 6%. The 2008 Debentures are convertible into 1 share of the Corporation’s common stock for every $15 in principal amount of the 2008 Debentures automatically on such date, if any, as accumulated losses of the Bank first exceed the sum of the retained earnings and capital surplus accounts of the Bank. The 2008 Debentures began to repay principal in 8 equal installments which commenced in December of 2016. As of December 31, 2020, $1692021, $113 thousand of the 2008 Debentures remained outstanding, after pay downs of $56 thousand duringfor 2021 and 2020 and $119 thousand during 2019.combined.

In December 2011, the Bank issued $1.4 million of mandatory convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (2011 Debentures). The 2011 Debentures have a maturity date of December 31, 2026 and interest on the 2011 Debentures is paid quarterly at 6%. The 2011 Debentures are convertible into 1 share of the Corporation’s common stock for every $17 in principal amount of the 2011 Debentures automatically on such date, if any, as accumulated losses of the Bank first exceed the sum of the retained earnings and capital surplus accounts of the Bank.  The 2011 Debentures began to repay principal in 8 equal installments which commenced in December of 2019.2020. As of December 31, 2020, $6932021, $578 thousand of the 2011 Debentures remained outstanding, after pay downs of $116 thousand each during 20202021 and 2019.2020.

In April 2013, the Bank issued $1.4 million of mandatory convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (2013 Debentures). The 2013 Debentures have a maturity date of December 31, 2028 and interest on the 2013 Debentures is paid quarterly at 6.5%. The 2013 Debentures are convertible into 1 share of the Corporation’s common stock for every $22 in principal amount of the 2013 Debentures automatically on such date, if any, as accumulated losses of the Bank first exceed the sum of the retained earnings and capital surplus accounts of the Bank. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, $8702021, $761 thousand of the 2013 Debentures remained outstanding, after 0 pay downs of $109 thousand during 2020 or 2019.2021 and 0 payments during 2020.

In June, August and September 2014, the Bank issued $3 million, $100 thousand, and $7 million of non-convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (2014 Debentures). The 2014 Debentures have maturity dates of June 30, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively. Interest on all 3 tranches of the 2014 Debentures is paid quarterly at 7.25%.  During 2019,2020, the Corporation redeemed the remaining $7.1 million of 2014 Debentures and therefore there was $0 outstanding as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

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Upon formation of the bank holding company, the Corporation assumed the 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2014 Debentures that were originally issued by the Bank.

During December 2019, the Corporation issued $40 million of fixed-to-floating rate non-convertible unsecured subordinated debentures (2019 Debentures). The 2019 Debentures have a maturity date of December 30, 2029 and interest on the 2019 Debentures is paid semiannually at 5.375%. The debt issuance costs are included as a direct deduction from the debt liability and these costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective yield method. During 2021 and 2020 the Corporation made interest payments of $2.2 million and $2.2 million on the 2019 Debentures.Debentures, respectively.

The 2008, 2011, and 2013 Debentures are includable as Tier 2 capital for determining the Bank’s compliance with regulatory capital requirements (see footnote 19). The 2019 Debentures are included as Tier 2 capital for the Corporation and as Tier 1 capital for the Bank.  

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(11)Servicing Assets

The Corporation sells certain residential mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees. All such transfers are accounted for as sales. When the Corporation sells a residential mortgage loan, it does not retain any portion of that loan and its continuing involvement in such transfers is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized. The Corporation accounts for the transfers and servicing of financial assets in accordance with ASC 860, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities.

Residential Mortgage Loans

MSRs are amortized to non-interest expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets.  MSR’s are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost.  Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the MSR.  The Corporation serviced $506.0 million$1.0 billion and $60.3$506.0 million of residential mortgage loans as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020,2021, the Corporation recognized servicing fee income of $498 thousand,$2.0 million, compared to $91$498 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019,2020, respectively.

Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

2021

    

2020

Balance at beginning of the period

$

446

232

$

4,647

446

Servicing rights capitalized

4,856

372

6,769

4,856

Amortization of servicing rights

(318)

(60)

(1,087)

(318)

Change in valuation allowance

(337)

(98)

427

(337)

Balance at end of the period

$

4,647

446

$

10,756

4,647

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Activity in the valuation allowance for MSR’s was as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

2021

    

2020

Valuation allowance, beginning of period

$

(98)

$

(435)

(98)

Impairment

(337)

(98)

(337)

Recovery

427

Valuation allowance, end of period

$

(435)

(98)

$

(8)

(435)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions include prepayment speeds and discount rates. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At December 31, 2021, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 7.23% and a discount rate equal to 9.00%.  At December 31, 2020, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 9.39% and a discount rate equal to 9.00%.  At December 31, 2019, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value

81

Table of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 13.08% and a discount rate equal to 9.00%.Contents

At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights

$

4,647

$

446

$

11,241

$

4,647

Weighted average life (years)

5.0

7.8

Weighted average life (months)

11.0

5.0

Prepayment speed

9.39%

13.08%

7.23%

9.39%

Impact on fair value:

10% adverse change

$

(183)

$

(19)

$

(376)

$

(183)

20% adverse change

(354)

(37)

(731)

(354)

Discount rate

9.00%

9.00%

9.00%

9.00%

Impact on fair value:

10% adverse change

$

(168)

$

(14)

$

(436)

$

(168)

20% adverse change

(329)

(27)

(840)

(329)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

SBA Loans

SBA loan servicing assets are amortized to non-interest expense in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets.  SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost.  Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan servicing asset.  The Corporation serviced $55.9$115.1 million of SBA loans, as of December 31, 20202021 and $18.0$55.9 million as of December 31, 2019.  2020.  

Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2021

    

2020

Balance at beginning of the period

$

970

337

Servicing rights capitalized

1,488

794

Amortization of servicing rights

(392)

(148)

Change in valuation allowance

(57)

(13)

Balance at end of the period

$

2,009

970

Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2021

    

2020

Valuation allowance, beginning of period

$

(39)

(26)

Impairment

(57)

(13)

Recovery

Valuation allowance, end of period

$

(96)

(39)

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Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

Balance at beginning of the period

$

337

Servicing rights capitalized

794

383

Amortization of servicing rights

(148)

(20)

Change in valuation allowance

(13)

(26)

Balance at end of the period

$

970

337

Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

Valuation allowance, beginning of period

$

(26)

Impairment

(13)

(26)

Recovery

Valuation allowance, end of period

$

(39)

(26)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge.

At December 31, 2021, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 12.38%, and a discount rate equal to 9.01%. At December 31, 2020, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 12.73%, and a discount rate equal to 8.33%. At December 31, 2019, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 10.77%, and a discount rate equal to 11.28%.

At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2020

    

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2021

    

December 31, 2020

Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights

$

1,010

$

337

$

2,107

$

1,010

Weighted average life (years)

3.7

4.3

3.8

3.7

Prepayment speed

12.73%

10.77%

12.38%

12.73%

Impact on fair value:

10% adverse change

$

(37)

$

(12)

$

(69)

$

(37)

20% adverse change

(71)

(23)

(132)

(71)

Discount rate

8.33%

11.28%

9.01%

8.33%

Impact on fair value:

10% adverse change

$

(25)

$

(9)

$

(54)

$

(25)

20% adverse change

(49)

(18)

(106)

(49)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

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(12)

Lease Commitments

The Corporation leases NaN offices from third parties under operating lease agreements expiring at different periods through March 2031. Under all current agreements, the Corporation is responsible for its portion of real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, and repairs and maintenance.

Total rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 was $1.9$2.2 million and $1.3$1.9 million, respectively. Future minimum lease payments by year and in the aggregate, under these lease agreements, are as follows:

Future minimum lease payments

(dollars in thousands)

    

    

2021

$

2,067

2022

1,638

$

2,179

2023

1,549

1,874

2024

1,528

1,737

2025

1,260

1,456

2026

1,436

Thereafter

3,303

3,134

$

11,345

$

11,816

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Refer to footnote 23 for discussion of ASU 2016-02 Leases, which the Corporation adopted as of January 1, 2022.

(13)

Stock-Based Compensation

The Corporation has issued stock options under the Meridian Bank 2004 Stock Option Plan (2004 Plan). The 2004 Plan authorized the Board of Directors to grant options up to an aggregate of 446,091 shares, as adjusted for the 5% stock dividends in 2012, 2014 and 2016 to officers, other employees and directors of the Corporation. NaN additional shares are available for future grants. The shares granted under the 2004 Plan to directors are nonqualified options. The shares granted under the 2004 Plan to officers and other employees are incentive stock options, and are subject to the limitations under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Meridian Bank 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (2016 Plan) was amended on May 24, 2019 to authorize the Board of Directors to grant up to an aggregate of 686,900 stock awards that can take different forms, as adjusted for the 2016 5% stock dividend.forms. A total of 296,100438,750 stock options and 33,20843,208 shares of restricted stock have been granted under the 2016 Plan through December 31, 2020.2021. As of December 31, 20202021 there were 355,992204,942 stock awards remaining to be issued.  Options granted under the 2016 Plan to directors are nonqualified options, while options granted to officers and other employees are incentive stock options, and are subject to the limitations under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period. The fair value of stock option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The assumptions necessary for the calculation of the fair value are expected life of options, annual volatility of stock price, risk-free interest rate and annual dividend yield.

Stock option awards granted under the 2016 Plan have a term that does not exceed ten years and vest according to each award’s specific vesting schedule.  Currently, all option awards granted to date vest 25% upon grant and become fully exercisable after three years of service from the grant date.

The following table provides information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Weighted

Weighted

average

average

exercise

grant date

    

Shares

    

price

    

fair value

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

346,381

$

16.13

$

4.55

Exercised

(14,673)

13.64

3.74

Granted

94,650

17.70

5.07

Forfeited

(25,631)

17.03

4.73

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

400,727

16.53

4.69

Exercised

(77,265)

13.68

4.35

Granted

142,650

27.50

9.47

Forfeited

(4,148)

18.63

6.57

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

461,964

20.38

6.21

Exercisable at December 31, 2021

291,832

18.40

5.27

Nonvested at December 31, 2021

170,132

$

23.77

$

7.81

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2021 is 7.6 years. At December 31, 2021 the range of exercise prices is $11.79 to $31.00. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $7.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2021.

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The fair value of each option granted in 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following table provides information about stock options outstanding asweighted average assumptions: dividend yield of December 31, 20200.0%, risk-free interest rate of between 1.02% and 2019:

Weighted

Weighted

Average

Average

Exercise

Grant Date

    

Shares

    

Price

    

Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2018

274,070

$

15.88

$

4.46

Exercised

(689)

11.79

3.89

Granted

73,000

17.03

4.90

Forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

346,381

16.13

4.55

Exercised

(14,673)

13.64

3.74

Granted

94,650

17.70

5.07

Forfeited

(25,631)

17.03

4.73

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

400,727

16.53

4.69

Exercisable at December 31, 2020

277,339

16.10

4.52

Nonvested at December 31, 2020

123,388

$

17.51

$

5.08

1.54%, expected life of 5.75 years, and expected volatility of between 39.25% and 40.97% based on an average of the Corporation’s share price since going public. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2020 is 7.1 years. At December 31, 2020 the range of exercise prices is $10.36 to $20.89. The aggregate intrinsicfair value of options outstanding and exercisablegranted in 2021 was $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020.$8.14 to $9.57 per share.

The fair value of each option granted in 2020 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 0.0%, risk-free interest rate of between 0.47% and 1.68%, expected life of 5.75 years, and expected volatility of between 21.81% and 39.65% based on an average of the Corporation’s share price since going public and the expected volatility of similar public financial institutions in the Corporation’s market area for the period before the Corporation went public. The weighted average fair value of options granted in 2020 was $4.47 to $5.87 per share.

The fair value of each option granted in 2019 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 0.0%, risk-free interest rate of between 1.95% and 2.61%, expected life of 5.75 years, and expected volatility of 22.44% and 22.48% based on an average of the Corporation’s share price since going public and the expected volatility of similar public financial institutions in the Corporation’s market area. The weighted average fair value of options granted in 2019 was $4.84 to $5.30 per share.

Total stock option compensation cost for the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 20192020 was $451$803 thousand and $272$451 thousand, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and December 31, 2019,2020, the Corporation received $200 thousand$1.0 million and $128$200 thousand from the exercise of stock options, respectively. There were 0 tax benefits recognized related to stock compensation cost for the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

In accordance with ASU 2016-09 – Compensation – Stock Compensation (ASU 2016-09), forfeitures are recognized as they occur instead of applying an estimated forfeiture rate to each grant. For purposes of the determination of stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, we recognized the forfeiture of 25,6314,148 of shares of stock options that were previously granted to officers and other employees.

As of December 31, 2020,2021, there was $401 thousand$1.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. This cost will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.331.24 years.

83

Table  During 2021, the intrinsic value of Contentsoptions exercised was $1.2 million.

Restricted Stock

The restricted stock granted under the 2016 Plan vest according to each award’s specific vesting schedule.  All awards granted in 2021 vest 100% one year from the grant date, while all awards granted in 2020 vest 50% one year from the grant date and the remaining 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is based on the closing price on the date prior to the grant.

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

Weighted

Average

Average

average

average

Exercise

Grant Date

exercise

grant date

    

Shares

    

Price

    

Fair Value

    

Shares

    

price

    

fair value

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

$

$

Granted

33,208

14.00

14.00

33,208

14.00

14.00

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

33,208

14.00

14.00

Granted

10,000

26.36

26.36

Vested

(16,603)

14.00

14.00

Forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

33,208

14.00

14.00

Nonvested at December 31, 2020

33,208

$

14.00

$

14.00

Outstanding at December 31, 2021

26,605

18.65

18.65

Nonvested at December 31, 2021

26,605

$

18.65

$

18.65

Compensation expense for restricted stock is measured based on the market price of the stock on the day prior to the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.  For the yearyears ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Corporation recognized $460 thousand and $80 thousand of expense related to the restricted stock.stock, respectively.  As of December 31, 2020,2021, there was $385$189 thousand in unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock. This cost will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.620.23 years.

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Table of Contents

(14)

Income Taxes

The components of the federal and state income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and 2019 are as follows:were:

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

2021

    

2020

Federal:

Current

$

5,703

3,287

$

10,022

5,703

Deferred

1,242

(489)

(717)

1,242

6,945

2,798

Total federal income tax expense

9,305

6,945

State:

Current

1,141

249

1,463

1,141

Deferred

12

(14)

(51)

12

1,153

235

Totals

$

8,098

3,033

Total state income tax expense

1,412

1,153

Total income tax expense

$

10,717

8,098

A reconciliation of the statutory income tax at 21% to the income tax expense included in the statement of operations is as follows for 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively:

(dollars in thousands)

2020

    

2019

2021

    

2020

Federal income tax at statutory rate

$

7,252

    

21.0

%  

2,838

    

21.0

%

$

9,733

    

21.0

%  

7,252

    

21.0

%

State tax expense, net of federal benefit

911

2.6

186

1.4

1,116

2.4

911

2.6

Tax exempt interest

(153)

(0.4)

(65)

(0.5)

(248)

(0.5)

(153)

(0.4)

Bank owned life insurance

(59)

(0.2)

(61)

(0.5)

(77)

(0.2)

(59)

(0.2)

Incentive stock options

74

0.2

66

0.5

81

0.2

74

0.2

ESOP

41

0.1

Other

73

0.2

69

0.5

71

0.1

73

0.2

Effective income tax rate

$

8,098

23.4

%  

3,033

22.4

%

$

10,717

23.1

%  

8,098

23.4

%

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Table of Contents

The components of the net deferred tax asset at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Deferred tax assets:

Allowance for loan and lease losses

$

4,230

2,111

$

4,345

4,230

Litigation reserve

220

Intangibles

30

58

30

Accrued incentive compensation

176

287

Accrued retirement

528

432

874

528

Unrealized loss on available for sale securities

2

Deferred rent

180

142

141

180

Mortgage repurchase reserve

641

16

738

641

Other

122

78

183

122

Total deferred tax asset

5,731

3,235

6,568

5,731

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment

(377)

(388)

(535)

(377)

Loan servicing rights

(1,337)

(183)

(2,957)

(1,337)

Intangibles

(15)

Mortgage pipeline fair-value adjustment

(1,156)

(77)

(308)

(1,156)

Hedge instrument fair-value adjustment

(1,252)

(41)

(190)

(1,252)

Unrealized gain on available for sale securities

(797)

(213)

(797)

Prepaid expenses

(340)

(152)

(465)

(340)

Deferred loan costs

(406)

(279)

(471)

(406)

Other

(4)

(1)

(4)

Total deferred tax liability

(5,669)

(1,120)

(5,155)

(5,669)

Net deferred tax asset

$

62

2,115

$

1,413

62

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Table of Contents

The effective tax rates for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 23.1% and 2019 were 23.4% and 22.4% respectively. The increasedecrease in rate from 22.4%23.4% to 23.4%23.1% between 20192020 and 20202021 was primarily related to the increasedecrease in state income tax expense asfrom Meridian’s mortgage division, expanded into Marylandspecifically in 2020.Maryland.

Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, the effect of income tax law changes on deferred taxes should be recognized as a component of income tax expense related to continuing operations in the period in which the law is enacted. This requirement applies not only to items initially recognized in continuing operations, but also to items initially recognized in other comprehensive income.  The CARES Act, enacted in March 2020 grants potential tax relief to businesses, including corporate tax provisions that: temporarily allow for the carryback of certain net operating losses, increase interest expense deduction limitations, and allow accelerated depreciation deductions on certain fixed asset improvements. The tax relief under the CARES Act had no material impact to the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2021, the Corporation had an investment in low income housing tax credits of $3.3 million on which it recognized tax credits of $161 thousand, amortization of $183 thousand and tax benefits from losses of $144 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the Corporation had an investment in low income housing tax credits of $1.3 million on which it recognized tax credits of $161 thousand, amortization of $180 thousand and tax benefits from losses of $26 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the Corporation had an investment in low income housing tax credits of $1.5 million on which it recognized tax credits of $224 thousand, amortization of $245 thousand and tax benefits from losses of $33 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2019.

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(15)Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of the Corporation’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of FASB ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606), “Revenue for Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606) is recognized within noninterestnon-interest income. The following table presents the Corporation’s noninterestnon-interest income by revenue stream and reportable segment for the yearyears ended December 31, 2020 (in accordance with ASC 606),2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in accordance with ASC 605 – Revenue Recognition) as the Corporation adopted ASC 606 as of December 31, 2020. Items for the year ended December 31, 2020 outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Year Ended December 31, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

Non-interest Income

Mortgage banking income (1)

$

1,632

74,829

76,461

$

268

25,741

26,009

Wealth management income

3,854

3,854

92

3,532

3,624

SBA income (1)

2,572

2,572

1,401

1,401

Net change in fair values (1)

(40)

9,185

9,145

(29)

518

489

Net gain (loss) on hedging activity (1)

(9,400)

(9,400)

(21)

(795)

(816)

Earnings on investment in life insurance (1)

279

279

290

290

Net gain on sale of securities (1)

1,345

1,345

165

165

Dividends on FHLB stock (1)

325

325

430

430

Service charges on deposit accounts

107

107

110

110

Other (2)

1,468

14

748

2,230

840

351

1,191

Non-interest income

$

7,688

3,868

75,362

86,918

$

3,546

3,532

25,815

32,893

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Year Ended December 31, 2020

(Dollars in thousands)

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

Non-interest Income

Mortgage banking income (1)

$

1,097

74,835

75,932

$

1,632

74,829

76,461

Wealth management income

4,801

4,801

3,854

3,854

SBA loan income (1)

6,898

6,898

2,572

2,572

Net change in fair values (1)

43

(7,881)

(7,838)

(40)

9,185

9,145

Net gain (loss) on hedging activity (1)

2,961

2,961

(9,400)

(9,400)

Earnings on investment in life insurance (1)

365

365

279

279

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale (1)

435

435

1,345

1,345

Dividends on FHLB stock (1)

191

191

325

325

Service charges

128

128

107

107

Other (2)

1,622

1

2,492

4,115

1,468

14

748

2,230

Non-interest income

$

10,779

4,802

72,407

87,988

$

7,688

3,868

75,362

86,918

(1)Not within the scope of ASC 606.
(2)Within other non-interest income is $925 thousand$1.2 million and $621$925 thousand for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, which are in the scope of ASC 606. These amounts include wire transfer fees, ATM/debit card commissions, and title fee income.

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A description of the Corporation’s primary revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 follows:

Wealth Management Income: The Corporation earns wealth management fee income from investment advisory services provided to individual and 401k customers. Fees that are determined based on the market value of the assets held in their accounts are generally billed quarterly, in advance, based on the market value of assets at the end of the previous billing period. Other related services that are based on a fixed fee schedule are recognized when the services are rendered. Fees that are transaction based, including trade execution services, are recognized at the point in time that the transaction is executed, i.e. the trade date. Included in other assets on the balance sheet is a receivable for wealth management fees that have been earned but not yet collected.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts: The Corporation earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Corporation fulfills the customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Corporation satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO: The Corporation records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.  There was a sale of $120 thousand

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in OREO for the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a gain on sale of $6 thousand. There were 0 such sales of OREO for the year ended December 31, 2019.

(16)Transactions with Executive Officers, Directors and Principal Stockholders

The Corporation has had, and may be expected to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with its executive officers, directors, principal stockholders, their immediate families and affiliated companies (commonly referred to as related parties). Loans receivable from related parties totaled $3.3$5.1 million and $3.7$3.3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Advances, repayments, and 2019,the effect of changes in composition of related parties during 2021 totaled $2.8 million, $1.3 million, and $284 thousand, respectively. Advances, repayments, and the effect of changes in composition of related parties during 2020 totaled $4.9 million, $3.8 million, and $1.5 million, respectively. Advances and repayments during 2019 totaled $8.7 million and $8.5 million respectively.

Deposits of related parties totaled $25.6$34.7 million and $20.2$25.6 million at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively. Subordinated debt held by related parties totaled $485$409 thousand and $519$485 thousand at December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

The Corporation paid legal fees of $8$22 thousand and $16$8 thousand to a law firm of a director for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively.

(17)Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk, Commitments and Contingencies

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.

The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

A summary of the Corporation’s financial instrument commitments at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Commitments to grant loans and commitments under lines of credit

$

421,399

327,788

Commitments to fund loans and commitments under lines of credit

$

486,632

421,399

Letters of credit

8,928

9,750

25,986

8,928

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may

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require payment of a fee. The Corporation evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include personal or commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Outstanding letters of credit written are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The majority of these are standby letters of credit that expire within the next twelve months. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending other loan commitments. The Corporation requires collateral supporting these letters of credit as deemed necessary. Management believes that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of such collateral would be sufficient to cover the maximum potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The current amount of the liability as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issues is not material.

Not included in commitments to grant loansoutstanding, in the table above are mortgage loan commitments of $143.9 million and $428.8 million in 2021 and $72.9 million in 2020, and 2019, respectively, which included interest rate lock commitments. These rate lock commitments represent an agreement to extend credit to a mortgage loan applicant whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to funding. The loan commitment binds the Corporation to lend funds to a potential borrower at the specified rate, regardless

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of whether interest rates change between the commitment date and the loan funding date. The Corporation’s loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90120 days; however, the borrower is not obligated to obtain the loans. As such, these commitments are subject to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from interest rate lock commitment through the loan funding date or expiration date. To manage this risk, the Corporation either locks the rate with the investor purchasing the loan on a “best efforts” basis or economically hedges this risk for loans sold to investors on its mandatory sales channel using the forward sale of mortgage-backed securities, in addition to best-efforts forward sale commitments to substantially eliminate these risks. At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Corporation had a notional amount of $230.1$68.6 million and $62.8$230.1 million, respectively, related to commitments on the mandatory channel.  At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, the Corporation had best efforts forward sale commitments to sell loans amounting to $198.7$75.8 million and $18.6$198.7 million, respectively. The Corporation is only obligated to settle the forward sale commitment if the loan closes in accordance with the terms of the interest rate lock commitment. The Corporation’s forward sale commitments generally expire within 90 days.

Loans sold under FHA or investor programs are subject to repurchaseindemnification or indemnificationrepurchase if they fail to meet the origination criteria of those programs. In addition, loans sold to investors may be subject to repurchaseprograms or indemnification if the loan is two or three months delinquent during a set period that usually varies from the first six months to a year after the loan is sold. AtThere was 1 indemnification signed for the year ended December 31, 2020 there were2021 for $109 thousand, and 0 indemnification or repurchase requests pending. Although repurchases and losses have historically been infrequent, aindemnifications signed for the year ended December 31, 2020.  A repurchase reserve of $2.7$3.2 million was recorded in 2020 dueat December 31, 2021, as compared to the significant increase in loan originations.  $71 thousand was recorded$2.7 million as of December 31, 2019.2020. There waswere 6 loans repurchased for the year ended December 31, 2021 with a total unpaid principal balance of $1.3 million, as compared to 1 loan repurchased for the year ended December 31, 2020 with an unpaid principleprincipal balance of $153 thousand.

(18)Recent Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. These actions and proceedings are generally based on alleged violations of banking, employment, contract and other laws. In some of these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damages are asserted against the Corporation and its subsidiaries.  In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are also subject to regulatory and governmental examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries, investigations, and threatened legal actions and proceedings.  In connection with formal and informal inquiries by federal, state, and local agencies, the Corporation and its subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders for documents, testimony and information in connection with various aspects of their activities.

On November 21, 2017, 3 former employees of the mortgage-banking division of the Bank filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Juan Jordan et al. v. Meridian Bank, Thomas Campbell and Christopher Annas, against the Bank purporting to be a class and collective action seeking unpaid and overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law, and the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act of 1968 on behalf of similarly situated plaintiffs. In September 2019, plaintiffs’ counsel and the Bank agreed to move forward with non-binding mediation.  Although the Bank believes it had strong and meritorious defenses, given the expense and inconvenience of  litigation, on July 24, 2019 through mediation, the Bank reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle this litigation for $990 thousand in total. The Bank had a litigation reserve of $990 thousand at December 31, 2019.  The parties submitted a negotiated settlement agreement to the court, and received final court approval on December 19, 2019. On February 29, 2020 the Bank made a payment of $1.0 million in final settlement of this matter, which included additional minor expenses.

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(19)Regulatory Matters

The Bank and the Corporation are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and the Corporation must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s and the Corporation’s

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capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Corporation to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of December 31, 2020,2021, that the Bank and the Corporation meetsmeet all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided an “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" (“CBLR”) of between 8 and 10%. Under the final rule, a community banking organization is eligible to elect the new framework if it has: less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9%.The bank regulatory agencies temporarily lowered the CBLR to 8% as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank adopted the community bank leverage ratio framework as its primary regulatory capital ratio, but reports all ratios for comparative purposes.

As of December 31, 2020,2021, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

The Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may declare and pay to the Corporation due to regulatory considerations. The Pennsylvania Banking Code provides that cash dividends may be declared and paid only out of accumulated net earnings.

The Corporation’s and the Banks’s actual and required capital amounts and ratios under the CBLR rules at December 31, 20202021 and the Basel III rules at December 31, 20192020 are presented below.

December 31, 2021

To Be Well Capitalized

Actual

Under CBLR Framework

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Corporation

$

160,379

9.39%

$

136,621

8.00%

Bank

196,506

11.51%

136,620

8.00%

December 31, 2020

To Be Well Capitalized

Actual

Under CBLR Framework

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Corporation

$

134,564

8.96%

$

120,082

8.00%

Bank

173,231

11.54%

120,080

8.00%

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December 31, 2019

To be well capitalized under

For capital adequacy

prompt corrective action

Actual

purposes 

provisions *

(dollars in thousands):

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

$

166,471

16.10%

$

108,576

10.50%

$

103,405

10.00%

Bank

166,360

16.09%

108,571

10.50%

103,401

10.00%

Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

115,934

11.21%

72,384

7.00%

67,214

6.50%

Bank

154,881

14.98%

72,381

7.00%

67,211

6.50%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)

Corporation

115,934

11.21%

87,895

8.50%

82,724

8.00%

Bank

154,881

14.98%

87,891

8.50%

82,721

8.00%

Tier 1 capital (to average assets)

Corporation

115,934

10.55%

43,973

4.00%

54,966

5.00%

Bank

154,881

14.08%

44,013

4.00%

55,017

5.00%

*   Prompt corrective action requirements do not apply to Meridian Corporation but are included as information only

(20)Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

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determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

    

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

Assets

Securities available for sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

25,592

25,592

$

16,837

16,837

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

4,046

4,046

9,813

9,813

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

23,909

23,909

22,381

22,381

State and municipal securities

65,810

65,810

72,982

72,982

U.S. Treasuries

29,728

29,728

Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

975

975

Corporate bonds

4,205

4,205

6,586

6,586

Equity investments

1,031

1,031

2,354

2,354

Mortgage loans held for sale

229,199

229,199

80,882

80,882

Mortgage loans held for investment

12,182

12,182

17,558

17,558

Interest rate lock commitments

6,932

6,932

1,122

1,122

Forward commitments

65

65

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

1,118

1,118

961

961

Total

$

374,024

367,092

6,932

$

262,244

29,728

231,394

1,122

Liabilities

Interest rate lock commitments

100

100

203

203

Forward commitments

1,572

1,572

106

106

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

1,219

1,219

1,018

1,018

$

2,891

2,791

100

$

1,327

1,124

203

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

    

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

Assets

Securities available for sale:

U.S. asset backed securities

$

11,866

11,866

$

25,592

25,592

U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities

5,497

5,497

4,046

4,046

U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations

35,223

35,223

23,909

23,909

State and municipal securities

6,270

6,270

65,810

65,810

Investments in mutual funds

1,009

1,009

Corporate bonds

4,205

4,205

Equity investments

1,031

1,031

Mortgage loans held for sale

33,704

33,704

229,199

229,199

Mortgage loans held for investment

10,546

10,546

12,182

12,182

Interest rate lock commitments

504

504

6,932

6,932

Forward commitments

6

6

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

382

382

1,118

1,118

Total

$

105,007

104,503

504

$

374,024

367,092

6,932

Liabilities

Interest rate lock commitments

157

157

100

100

Forward commitments

119

119

1,572

1,572

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

431

431

1,219

1,219

$

707

550

157

$

2,891

2,791

100

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Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 are as follows:

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

(dollars in thousands)

    

Fair Value

    

    

Fair Value

Mortgage servicing rights

$

4,647

446

SBA loan servicing rights

970

337

Impaired loans (1)

2,998

1,944

Other real estate owned (2)

120

Total

$

8,615

2,847

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

    

Fair Value

    

Fair Value

Mortgage servicing rights

$

10,756

4,647

SBA loan servicing rights

2,009

970

Impaired loans (1)

Commercial and industrial

1,837

2,297

Small business loans

290

Home equity lines and loans

86

Residential mortgage

615

Total

$

14,892

8,615

(1)Impaired loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significantRefer to the fair value measurements.following page for further qualitative discussion around impaired loans.

(2)Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are to be sold and are carried at fair value less estimated cost to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices or appraised value of the property. These assets are included in Level 3 fair value based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Appraised values may be discounted based on management’s expertise, historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and/or estimated costs to sell.

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 impaired loans.

Fair Value

Unobservable

(dollars in thousands)

  

Level 3

  

Valuation Technique

  

Input

  

Range of Inputs

December 31, 2021

$

2,127

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

2-15% discount

December 31, 2020

2,998

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

2-15% discount

Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:

(a)          Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.

(b)          Securities

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricingquoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.  U.S. Treasuries includes in the available for sale portfolio are the only securities considered Level 1, while all other securities are considered Level 2.

(c)          Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.

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(d)          Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is reflective of an exit price.

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(e)          Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment

The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.

(f)           Loan Servicing Rights

The Corporation estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and SBA servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. These servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management’s assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolios on a quarterly basis for impairment.

(g)          Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.  Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the Allowance policy.

(h)           Restricted Investment in Bank Stock

The carrying amount of restricted investment in bank stock approximates fair value, and considers the limited marketability of such securities.

(i)          Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

(j)          Deposit Liabilities

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

(k)           Short-Term Borrowings

The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

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(l)           Long-Term Debt

Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

(m)        Subordinated Debt

Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.

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(n)         Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.

(o)          Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2.  Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Fair Value

Carrying

Carrying

(dollars in thousands)

    

Hierarchy Level

    

amount

    

Fair value

    

amount

    

Fair value

Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Level 1

$

36,744

36,744

39,371

39,371

Securities available-for-sale

Level 2

123,562

123,562

58,856

58,856

Securities held-to-maturity

Level 2

6,510

6,857

8,780

9,003

Equity investments

Level 2

1,031

1,031

1,009

1,009

Mortgage loans held for sale

Level 2

229,199

229,199

33,704

33,704

Loans receivable, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses

Level 3

1,272,582

1,289,776

954,164

973,057

Mortgage loans held for investment

Level 2

12,182

12,182

10,546

10,546

Interest rate lock commitments

Level 3

6,932

6,932

504

504

Forward commitments

Level 2

6

6

Restricted investment in bank stock

NA

7,861

NA

8,072

NA

Accrued interest receivable

Level 3

5,482

5,482

3,148

3,148

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

Level 2

1,118

1,118

382

382

Financial liabilities:

Deposits

Level 2

1,241,335

1,392,500

851,168

880,400

Short-term borrowings

Level 2

106,862

106,862

123,676

123,678

Long-term debt

Level 2

165,546

168,000

3,123

3,123

Subordinated debentures

Level 2

40,671

38,375

40,962

40,962

Accrued interest payable

Level 2

1,154

1,154

1,088

1,088

Interest rate lock commitments

Level 3

100

100

157

157

Forward commitments

Level 2

1,572

1,572

119

119

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

Level 2

1,219

1,219

431

431

Notional

Notional

Off-balance sheet financial instruments:

    

    

amount

    

Fair value

    

amount

    

Fair value

Commitments to extend credit

Level 2

$

421,399

6,932

327,788

504

Letters of credit

Level 2

8,928

9,750

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The estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Fair Value

Carrying

Carrying

(dollars in thousands)

    

Hierarchy Level

    

amount

    

Fair value

    

amount

    

Fair value

Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Level 1

$

23,480

23,480

36,744

36,744

Securities available-for-sale (1)

Level 2

159,302

159,302

123,562

123,562

Securities held-to-maturity

Level 2

6,372

6,591

6,510

6,857

Equity investments

Level 2

2,354

2,354

1,031

1,031

Mortgage loans held for sale

Level 2

80,882

80,882

229,199

229,199

Loans receivable, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses

Level 3

1,368,899

1,370,885

1,272,582

1,289,776

Mortgage loans held for investment

Level 2

17,558

17,558

12,182

12,182

Interest rate lock commitments

Level 3

1,122

1,122

6,932

6,932

Forward commitments

Level 2

65

65

Restricted investment in bank stock

NA

5,117

NA

7,861

NA

Accrued interest receivable

Level 3

5,009

5,009

5,482

5,482

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

Level 2

961

961

1,118

1,118

Financial liabilities:

Deposits

Level 2

1,446,413

1,549,100

1,241,335

1,392,500

Short-term borrowings

Level 2

41,344

41,344

106,862

106,862

Long-term debt

Level 2

165,546

168,000

Subordinated debentures

Level 2

40,508

40,803

40,671

38,375

Accrued interest payable

Level 2

31

31

1,154

1,154

Interest rate lock commitments

Level 3

203

203

100

100

Forward commitments

Level 2

106

106

1,572

1,572

Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps

Level 2

1,018

1,018

1,219

1,219

Notional

Notional

Off-balance sheet financial instruments:

    

    

amount

    

Fair value

    

amount

    

Fair value

Commitments to extend credit

Level 2

$

486,632

421,399

Letters of credit

Level 2

25,986

8,928

(1)U.S. Treasuries within securities available-for-sale are classified as Level 1.

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019.2020.

Year Ended December 31, 

Year Ended December 31, 

2020

    

2019

2021

    

2020

Balance at beginning of the period

$

504

310

$

6,932

504

Increase in value

6,428

194

(Decrease) increase in value

(5,810)

6,428

Balance at end of the period

$

6,932

504

$

1,122

6,932

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

Significant

Fair Value

Unobservable

Range of

Weighted

(dollars in thousands)

  

Level 3

  

Valuation Technique

  

Input

  

Inputs

  

Average

  

December 31, 2021

$

1,122

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99

%

87.66

%

December 31, 2020

6,932

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99

83.08

Significant

Fair Value

Unobservable

Range of

Weighted

  

Level 3

  

Valuation Technique

  

Input

  

Inputs

  

Average

  

December 31, 2020

$

6,932

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99

%

83.08

%

December 31, 2019

504

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99

91.70

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Net realized losses of $5.9 million and gains of $6.5 million and $78 thousand due to changes in the fair value of interest rate lock commitments which are classified as Level 3 assets and liabilities for the twelve months ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, are recorded in non-interest income as net change in the fair value of derivative instruments in the Corporation’s consolidated statements of income.

(21)Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments.  Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.  The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s loan portfolio.  

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

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Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa.  The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies.  Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions.  As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.  

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The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments:

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

Balance Sheet Line Item

Notional
Amount

    

Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value

    

Notional
Amount

    

Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value

Balance Sheet Line Item

Notional
Amount

    

Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value

    

Notional
Amount

    

Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

Positive fair values

Other assets

$

406,422

6,932

47,660

504

Other assets

$

108,653

1,122

406,422

6,932

Negative fair values

Other liabilities

22,406

(100)

22,663

(157)

Other liabilities

35,264

(203)

22,406

(100)

Total

428,828

6,832

70,323

347

143,917

919

428,828

6,832

Forward Commitments

Positive fair values

Other assets

4,500

6

Other assets

30,500

65

Negative fair values

Other liabilities

218,000

(1,572)

58,250

(119)

Other liabilities

45,500

(106)

218,000

(1,572)

Total

218,000

(1,572)

62,750

(113)

76,000

(41)

218,000

(1,572)

Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps

Positive fair values

Other assets

20,979

1,118

3,271

382

Other assets

35,447

961

20,979

1,118

Negative fair values

Other liabilities

20,979

(1,219)

3,271

(431)

Other liabilities

35,447

(1,018)

20,979

(1,219)

Total

41,958

(101)

6,542

(49)

70,894

(57)

41,958

(101)

Total derivative financial instruments

$

688,786

5,159

139,615

185

$

290,811

821

688,786

5,159

Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments:

Year Ended December 31, 

Year Ended December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

$

6,485

77

$

(5,913)

6,486

Forward Commitments

(1,459)

63

1,531

(1,459)

Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps

(52)

(29)

44

(52)

Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments

$

4,974

111

Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments

$

(4,338)

4,975

Net realized lossesgains on derivativesderivative hedging activities were $(9.4)$3.0 million and $(816) thousandnet realized losses were $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, respectively, and are included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.

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(22)Segments

ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.

Our Banking segment (“Bank”) consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending (including leasing) and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income, title insurance fees, and other less significant non-interest income.

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Meridian Wealth (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.

Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of 1 central loan production facility and several retail and profit sharing loan production offices located throughout suburban Philadelphia and Maryland. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells nearly all of its production to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates and holds temporarily, then earns fee income (primarily gain on sales) at the time of the sale.  The unit also recognizes income from document preparation fees, changes in portfolio pipeline fair values and related net hedging gains (losses).

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which has been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Year Ended December 31, 2019

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Year Ended December 31, 2020

(Dollars in thousands)

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

    

Bank

    

Wealth

    

Mortgage

    

Total

Net interest income

$

46,997

(48)

2,047

48,996

$

36,019

65

252

36,336

$

61,032

15

2,064

63,111

$

46,997

(48)

2,047

48,996

Provision for loan losses

8,302

8,302

901

901

1,070

1,070

8,302

8,302

Net interest income after provision

38,695

(48)

2,047

40,694

35,118

65

252

35,435

59,962

15

2,064

62,041

38,695

(48)

2,047

40,694

Non-interest Income

Mortgage banking income

1,632

74,829

76,461

268

25,741

26,009

1,097

74,835

75,932

1,632

74,829

76,461

Wealth management income

3,854

3,854

92

3,532

3,624

4,801

4,801

3,854

3,854

SBA income

2,572

2,572

1,401

1,401

SBA loan income

6,898

6,898

2,572

2,572

Net change in fair values

(40)

9,185

9,145

(29)

518

489

43

(7,881)

(7,838)

(40)

9,185

9,145

Net (loss) on hedging activity

(9,400)

(9,400)

(21)

(795)

(816)

Net gain (loss) on hedging activity

2,961

2,961

(9,400)

(9,400)

Other

3,524

14

748

4,286

1,835

351

2,186

2,741

1

2,492

5,234

3,524

14

748

4,286

Non-interest income

7,688

3,868

75,362

86,918

3,546

3,532

25,815

32,893

10,779

4,802

72,407

87,988

7,688

3,868

75,362

86,918

Non-interest expense

33,351

3,213

56,512

93,076

27,884

3,266

23,664

54,814

40,392

3,496

59,839

103,727

33,351

3,213

56,512

93,076

Income before income taxes

$

13,032

607

20,897

34,536

$

10,780

331

2,403

13,514

$

30,349

1,321

14,632

46,302

$

13,032

607

20,897

34,536

Total Assets

$

1,488,312

5,479

226,406

1,720,197

$

1,112,862

5,234

31,923

1,150,019

$

1,608,305

6,355

98,783

1,713,443

$

1,488,312

5,479

226,406

1,720,197

(23)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”), the Bank is permitted an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1,070,000,000 or more, (ii) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering (December 31, 2022), (iii) the date on which we have, during

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the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt and (iv) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our equity securities that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that year. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included herein, as well as any financial statements that we file in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for the transition period for so long as we remain an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act. If we do so, we will prominently disclose this decision in the first periodic report following our decision, and such decision is irrevocable. As a filer under the JOBS Act, we will implement new accounting standards subject to the effective dates required for non-public entities.

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Adopted Pronouncements in 2020:2021:

FASB ASU 2017-012018-15 (Topic 805)350), “Business Combinations”"Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software"

Issued in January 2017,August 2018, ASU 2017-01 clarifies2018-15 provides clarity on capitalizing and expensing implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements in a service contract. If an implementation cost is capitalized, the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactionscost should be accountedrecognized over the noncancellable term and periodically assessed for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.impairment. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. ASU 2017-01guidance is effective for public companies forin annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 including interim periods within those periods, while for non-public companies the ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018,2020 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU 2018-07, “Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”

Issued in June 2018, ASU 2018-07: Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), “Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting” expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity2021. Adoption should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 appliesbe applied retrospectively or prospectively to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing toimplementation costs incurred after the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as partdate of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The amendments in this update became effective for us January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as the Corporation did not and has not historically granted share based payment awards to nonemployees other than to the Corporation’s Board of Directors, who are treated as employees for share-based payment accounting.

FASB ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Framework"

Issued in August 2018, ASU 2018-13 modifies, adds and removes certain disclosures aimed to improve the overall usefulness of the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2020. Adoption is required on both a prospective and retrospective basis depending on the amendment.adoption. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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FASB ASU 2017-08 (Subtopic 310-20), “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20)2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities”Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”

Issued in March 2017,December 2019, ASU 2017-08 shortens2019-12 adds new guidance to simplify accounting for income taxes, changes the amortization periodaccounting for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendment requires the premium to be amortizedincome tax transactions and makes minor improvements to the earliest call date.codification. The amendment does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. For non-public companies the ASUguidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2017-08 as of December 31, 2020 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as all debt securities are currently carried at par value with capitalized issuance costs.

FASB ASU 2017-12 (Subtopic 815), “Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”

Issued in August 2017, ASU 2017-12 better aligns hedge accounting with an organization’s risk management activities in the financial statements. In addition, the ASU simplifies the application of hedge accounting guidance in areas where practice issues exist. Specifically, the proposed ASU eases the requirements for effectiveness testing, hedge documentation and application of the shortcut and the critical terms match methods. Entities would be permitted to designate contractually specified components as the hedged risk in a cash flow hedge involving the purchase or sale of nonfinancial assets or variable rate financial instruments. In addition, entities would no longer separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. Also, entities, may choose refined measurement techniques to determine the changes in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of benchmark interest rate risk. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interimannual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early applicationadoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU for existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption and the effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption (that is, the initial application date). The Corporation has evaluated ASU 2017-12, and has determined it has no current hedging strategies applicable under the ASU but we will consider the impact of the ASU on future hedging strategies that may arise.permitted. The adoption of this ASU 2017-12 as of December 31, 2020 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Pronouncements Not Effective as of December 31, 2020:2021:

FASB ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”

Issued in June 2016, ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how companies measure and recognize credit impairment for many financial assets. This ASU requires businesses and other organizations to measure the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on financial assets, such as loans, net investments in leases, certain debt securities, bond insurance and other receivables.  The amendments affect entities holding financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. Current GAAP requires an incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses that delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendments in this ASU replace the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonableness and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. An entity should apply the amendments through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (modified retrospective approach). Acquired credit impaired loans for which the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 310-30 has been previously applied should prospectively apply the guidance in this ASU.  A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the effective date. In October 2019, the FASB approved a delay for the implementation of the ASU. Accordingly, as an emerging growth company, the Corporation’s effective date for the implementation of the ASU will be January 1, 2023.  The Corporation is currently determining under which method we

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will adopt this ASU.  The Corporation has assembled a cross-functional team from Finance, Credit, and IT that is leading the implementation efforts to evaluate the impact of this guidance on the Corporation's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, internal systems, accounting policies, processes and related internal controls.  At this time the Corporation cannot yet estimate the impact to the consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”

Issued in April 2019, ASU 2019-04 clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments (addressed by ASUs 2016-13, 2017-12, and 2016-01, respectively). The amendments to estimating expected credit losses (ASU 2016-13), in particular, how a company considers recoveries and extension options when estimating expected credit losses, are the most relevant to the Corporation. The ASU clarifies that (1) the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, including recoveries of amounts expected to be written off and those previously written off, and (2) that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally

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cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. Management will consider the impact of ASU 2019-04 when considering the impact of ASU 2016-13 as discussed above.

FASB ASU 2016-02 (Topic 842), “Leases”

Issued in February 2016, ASU 2016-02 revises the accounting related to lessee accounting. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use (ROU) asset for all leases. leases with a term longer than 12 months.  Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement.

The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In June 2020, the FASB approved a delay for the implementation of the ASU. Accordingly, the amendments in this update arestandard became effective for us on January 1, 2022. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. Management has elected to use the effective date as its date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2022.

The Corporation has implemented a third party lease accounting system to assist with the measurement of lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets, the post-implementation administration aspect of lease accounting, and the preparation of applicable disclosures related to the new guidance.

The new standard provided a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We have elected the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permitted us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs.

This standard will have a material effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and related disclosures but is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Statement of Income. Any additional assets recorded as a result of adoption is expected to have a negative impact on the Corporation and Bank capital ratios under current regulatory guidance. On adoption, we recorded approximately $10.6 million of operating lease liabilities and $10.8 million of related right-of-use assets at January 1, 2022.  

The new standard also provides practical expedients for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021,an entity’s ongoing accounting. We have elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Under ASU 2016-02,this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. We also have elected the Corporation will recognize a right-of-use assetpractical expedient to not separate lease and a lease obligation liability on the consolidated statementnon-lease components for all of financial condition, which will increase the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. The Corporation is evaluating other potential impacts of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.our leases.

FASB ASU 2020-04 (Topic 848), “Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”

Issued in March 2020, ASU 2020-04 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The Corporation does not have a significant concentration of loans, derivative contracts, borrowings or other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR.  The guidance under ASC-848 will be available for a limited time, generally through December 31, 2022. The Corporation expects to adopt the LIBOR transition relief allowed under this standard.

FASB ASU 2018-15 (Topic 350), "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software"

Issued in August 2018, ASU 2018-15 provides clarity on capitalizing and expensing implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements in a service contract. If an implementation cost is capitalized, the cost should be recognized over the noncancellable term and periodically assessed for impairment. The guidance is effective in annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Adoption should be applied retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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FASB ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”

Issued in December 2019, ASU 2019-12 adds new guidance to simplify accounting for income taxes, changes the accounting for certain income tax transactions and makes minor improvements to the codification. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. Management has not yet determined what the impact of the adoption of this ASU will be on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU 2020-06, “Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity

This ASU clarifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible

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preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature models. For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer (excluding smaller reporting entities), the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2021, and interim periods within. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2023, and interim periods within. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2020.

(24)Parent Company Financial Statements

The condensed financial statements of the Corporation (parent company only) are presented below. These statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

A. Condensed Balance Sheets

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2020

    

2019

Cash and due from banks

$

213

148

Investments in subsidiaries

180,288

159,643

Other assets

360

40

Total assets

$

180,861

159,831

Liabilities:

Subordinated debentures

38,904

39,058

Accrued interest payable

6

78

Other liabilities

329

Total liabilities

39,239

39,136

Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued 6,455,566 and 6,407,685 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

6,456

6,408

Surplus

81,196

80,196

Treasury Stock- 320,000 and 3,375 shares at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively

(5,828)

(3)

Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan

(1,768)

Retained earnings

59,010

34,097

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

2,556

(3)

Total stockholders’ equity

141,622

120,695

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

180,861

159,831

B. Condensed Statements of Income

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2021

    

2020

Cash and due from banks

$

2,836

213

Investments in subsidiaries

200,410

180,288

Other assets

1,382

360

Total assets

$

204,628

180,861

Liabilities:

Subordinated debentures

39,057

38,904

Accrued interest payable

6

6

Other liabilities

205

329

Total liabilities

39,268

39,239

Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 25,000,000 shares; issued 6,534,587 and 6,455,566 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020

6,535

6,456

Surplus

83,663

81,196

Treasury Stock- 426,693 and 320,000 shares at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively

(8,860)

(5,828)

Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan

(1,602)

(1,768)

Retained earnings

84,916

59,010

Accumulated other comprehensive income

708

2,556

Total stockholders’ equity

165,360

141,622

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

204,628

180,861

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Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2020

    

2019

Dividends from Bank

$

11,512

Net interest and other income

10

Total operating income

11,522

Interest expense

2,202

81

Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries

9,320

(81)

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries

17,118

10,562

Income before income taxes

26,438

10,481

Income tax expense

Net income

26,438

10,481

Total other comprehensive income

2,559

387

Total comprehensive income

$

28,997

10,868

B. Condensed Statements of Income

Year ended

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

2021

    

2020

Dividends from Bank

$

17,187

11,512

Non-interest and other income

10

Total operating income

17,187

11,522

Interest expense

2,303

2,202

Other expenses

1,675

Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries

13,209

9,320

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries

22,376

17,118

Income before income taxes

35,585

26,438

Income tax expense

Net income

35,585

26,438

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

(1,848)

2,559

Total comprehensive income

$

33,737

28,997

C. Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Year ended

Year ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2021

    

2020

Net income

$

26,438

10,481

$

35,585

26,438

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries

(17,181)

(10,562)

(22,376)

(17,818)

Share-based compensation

232

1,607

763

(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable

(72)

78

Increase in other assets

(320)

(40)

Increase in other liabilities

32

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

9,129

(43)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Investment in subsidiaries

(38,804)

Net cash used in investing activities

(38,804)

Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt

153

112

(Decrease) in accrued interest payable

(72)

Other, net

(740)

(294)

Net cash provided by operating activities

14,229

9,129

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net activity from subordinated debt

(231)

39,051

Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans

(5,703)

(62)

Issuance cost on subordinated debt

(231)

Net purchase of treasury stock

(3,032)

(5,703)

Dividends paid

(1,525)

(9,679)

(1,525)

Purchase of common shares for ESOP

(2,000)

(2,000)

Share based awards and exercises

395

6

1,105

395

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

(9,064)

38,995

(11,606)

(9,064)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

65

148

2,623

65

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

148

213

148

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

213

148

$

2,836

213

(25)Subsequent Events

Special Dividend

On February 16, 2021,January 27, 2022, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share on its Common Stock, payable on March 15, 2021February 21, 2022 to shareholders of record as of March 1, 2021.February 14, 2022.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of the Corporation’s President/Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule l3a-l5(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2020.2021. Based on this evaluation, the Corporation’s President /Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of and for the end of the period covered by this report, that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Design and Evaluation of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Pursuant to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, the following is a report of management’s assessment of the design and effectiveness of our internal controls for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.2021.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Corporation is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated financial statements and notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and necessarily include some amounts that are based on Management’s best estimates and judgments.

The Corporation’s Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Corporation; provide reasonable assurance that the transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; provide a reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of the Corporation are only being made in accordance with authorizations of Management and directors of the Corporation; and provide a reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Corporation’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by Management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are noted.

Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

The Corporation’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the Corporation’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2021, in relation to the criteria for effective control over financial reporting as described in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Based on this assessment, Management concludes that, as of December 31, 2020,2021, the Corporation’s system of internal control over financial reporting is effective.  This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Corporation (as an Emerging Growth Company) to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 20202021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to information appearing in Meridian Corporation’s definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings, “ELECTION OF DIRECTORS,” “EXECUTIVE OFFICERS,”  “SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE,” “CODE OF ETHICS,” “CORPORATE GOVERNANCE,” and “AUDIT COMMITTEE.”

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information appearing in Meridian Corporation’s definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings, “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION,” “SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE,” “OUTSTANDING AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END TABLE,” “EXECUTIVE INCENTIVE, EMPLOYMENT AND CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS,” and “DIRECTOR COMPENSATION.”

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the information appearing in Meridian Corporation’s definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings, “EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION” and “SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.”

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information appearing in Meridian Corporation’s definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings, “CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS” and “DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.”

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information appearing in Meridian Corporation’s definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the heading, “PROPOSAL TO RATIFY THE APPOINTMENT OF CROWE LLP AS THE CORPORATION’S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2021.2022.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1)  The following portions of the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 – “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”:

vii.i. Report of Crowe LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 173)

ii.       Consolidated Balance Sheets

viii.iii.       Consolidated Statements of Income

ix.iv.       Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

x.v.        Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

xi.vi.       Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

xii.vii.      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(2) The financial statement schedules required by this Item are omitted because the information is either inapplicable, not required or is presented in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

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(a)(3) The following exhibits are incorporated by reference herein or filed with this Form 10-K:

Exhibit
Number

    

Description

2.1

Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated April 26, 2018 by and between Registrant, Bank and Meridian Interim Bank, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.1

Amended Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K10-Q on August 24, 201816, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.

3.2

Bylaws of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

4.1

Description of Capital Securities, filed herewith

4.2

Indenture, dated as of December 18, 2019, between Meridian Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.

4.3

Form of 5.375% Subordinated Note due 2029 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.2 hereto), filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.

10.1

Meridian Bank 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.1 of the Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the FDIC on September 29, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.2

Employment Agreement between Meridian Bank and Christopher Annas, effective April 11, 2019, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K on April 11, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.3

Amendment to Meridian Corporation Supplemental Executive Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K on March 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.4

Meridian Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.4 of the Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the FDIC on September 29, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.5

Employment Agreement between Meridian Bank and Denise Lindsay, effective July 23, 2018, filed as Exhibit 10.2, to Form 8-K with the FDIC on July 23, 2018, filed herewith.and incorporated herein by reference.

10.6

Meridian Bank 2004 Stock Option Plan, as amended June 15, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.

10.7

Change in Control Agreement between Meridian Bank and Joseph Cafarchio, effective July 23, 2018, filed as exhibit 10.1, to Form 8-K with the FDIC on July 23, 2018, filed herewith.and incorporated herein by reference.

10.8

Change in Control Agreement between Meridian Bank and Charlie Kochka, effective July 23, 2018, filed as exhibit 10.1, to Form 8-K with the FDIC on July 23, 2018, filed herewith.and incorporated herein by reference.

10.9

Change in Control Agreement between Meridian Bank and Randy McGarry, effective November 2, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

21.1

List of Subsidiaries, filed herewith

23.1

Consent of Crowe LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

31.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, filed herewith.

31.2

Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, filed herewith.herewith.

32

Section 1350 Certifications, filed herewith

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.*

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.*

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.*

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.*

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document.*

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).*

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Meridian Bank

    

Date:    March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Christopher J. Annas

Christopher J. Annas

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

    

By:

/s/ Christopher J. Annas

Christopher J. Annas, Chairman of the Board

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Denise Lindsay

Denise Lindsay, Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Robert M. Casciato

Robert M. Casciato, Director

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ George C. Collier

George C. Collier, Director

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Robert T. Holland

Robert T. Holland, Director

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Edward J. Hollin

Edward J. Hollin, Director

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Anthony M. Imbesi

Anthony M. Imbesi, Director

Date: March 29, 202116, 2022

By:

/s/ Kenneth H. Slack

Kenneth H. Slack, Director

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