UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K10-K/A
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(Mark One)
For the fiscal year ended December 31,
For the transition period from to Commission file number: 1-34392 Plug Power Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
968 ALBANY SHAKER ROAD, LATHAM, NEW YORK 12110 (Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code) (518) 782-7700 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately As of DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None. INDEX TO FORM 10-K
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As disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed by Plug Power Inc. (the “Company”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 1, 2022, the Company is filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A ( the “Form 10-K/A”) for the year ended December 31, 2020 to:
In accordance with Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company is also including with this Form 10-K/A currently dated certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer (attached as Exhibits 31.1, 31.2, 32.1, and 32.2). Except as provided above, this Form 10-K/A speaks as of the date of, and sets forth the information in the original Form 10-K (the “Original Filing”) filed by the Company with the SEC on May 14, 2021 in its entirety and does not amend, update or change any financial statements or other items or disclosures. Accordingly, this Form 10- K/A should be read in conjunction with the Company’s other SEC filings. Explanatory Note to the Original Filing General References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “Plug Power,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Plug Power Inc., including as the context requires, its subsidiaries. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company:
Restatement Background As described in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2021, the Company and the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) concluded that, because of errors identified in the Company’s previously issued financial statements, the Company is restating its financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for each of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, June 30, 2020 and 2019, September 30, 2020 and 2019, in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (collectively, the “Prior Period Financial Statements”). In addition, we have restated the statement of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2019, which was previously disclosed as a note in its form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 3 These errors were identified after the Company reported its 2020 fourth quarter and year end results on February 25, 2021 during the course of the audit with respect to the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, as well as during preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have determined that these errors were the result of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that is reported in management’s report on internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The restated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 correct the following errors (the “Restatement Items”) (for impacts to the quarterly periods, see Note 3, “Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data and Restatement of Previously Issued Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”):
In addition to the errors described above, the Prior Period Financial Statements also include adjustments to correct certain other errors, including previously unrecorded immaterial adjustments identified in audits of prior years’ financial statements (the “Other Adjustments”). The accounting for the Restatement Items and the Other Adjustments in this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not materially impact revenue and does not impact cash and cash equivalents or the economics of the Company’s existing or future commercial arrangements. Restatement, Revision and Recasting of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K restates and revises amounts included in the Company’s previously issued financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and as of and for each of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, June 30, 2020 and 2019, September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019. See Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and Note 3, “Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data and Restatement of Previously Issued Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information. To further review the effects of the accounting errors identified and the restatement adjustments, see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 4
Internal Control Considerations In connection with the restatement, our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, resulting in the conclusion by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Management is taking steps to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as described in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures.” See Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” for additional information related to the identified material weakness in internal control over financial reporting and the related remediation measures.
PART I Forward-Looking Statements The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the following discussion contain statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the
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The risks included here are not exhaustive, and additional factors could adversely affect our business and financial performance, including factors and risks included in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from these contained in any forward-looking statements. While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made. Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Summary of Risk Factors
The risk factors detailed in Item 1A titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the risks that we believe are material to our investors and a reader should carefully consider them. Those risks are not all of the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur. The following is a summary of the risk factors detailed in Item 1A:
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Item 1. Business Background As a leading provider of comprehensive hydrogen fuel cell turnkey solutions, Plug Power is
We are focused on proton exchange membrane (“PEM”), fuel cell and fuel processing technologies, fuel cell/battery hybrid technologies, and associated hydrogen and green hydrogen generation, storage and dispensing infrastructure. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and heat without combustion.
Plug Power delivers end-to-end clean hydrogen and zero-emissions fuel cell solutions for supply chain and logistics applications, on-road electric vehicles, the stationary power market, and more. Our largest market today is material handling; we support customers at multi-shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits. In June 2020, Plug Power completed the acquisitions of United Hydrogen Group Inc. (“UHG”) and Giner ELX, Inc. (“Giner ELX”), in line with the Company’s vertical integration strategy. These acquisitions further enhance Plug Power’s position in the hydrogen industry, with capabilities in generation, liquefaction and distribution of hydrogen 9 fuel, complementing the Company’s industry-leading position in the design, construction, and operation of customer-facing hydrogen fueling stations. These acquisitions establish a pathway for Plug Power to transition from low-carbon to zero-carbon hydrogen solutions. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary backup power applications. These products have proven valuable with telecommunications, transportation, and utility customers as robust, reliable, and sustainable power solutions.
We were organized as a corporation in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997.
Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Company,” “Plug Power,” “we,” “our” or “us” as used herein refer to Plug Power Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Business Strategy
Plug Our business strategy leverages our unique fuel cell application and integration knowledge to identify high-asset utilization markets in an increasingly electrified world, for which we seek to design and develop innovative systems and customer solutions that provide superior value, ease-of-use and environmentally-friendly design. Our primary marketing strategy is to focus our resources on high growth markets such as on-road/e-mobility applications as well as material handling, supply chain/logistics and stationary power around the world. Through established customer relationships, we have proven ourselves as a trusted partner with a reliable hydrogen and fuel cell solution. Plug Power’s vertically integrated GenKey solution ties together all critical elements to power, fuel, and service customers such as Amazon, The Home Depot, The Southern Company, BMW, Carrefour, and Walmart. We have made significant progress in penetrating the material handling market, supported through the deployment of over 40,000 GenDrive units into commercial applications. We believe we have developed reliable products which allow the end customers to eliminate incumbent lead-acid battery power sources from their operations and realize their sustainability objectives through adoption of zero-emission clean energy alternatives. In addition, we have deployed our GenKey hydrogen and fuel cell solution to multiple customer sites. We have an established foundation as a major player in the green hydrogen economy – needing not only the fuel cell systems but the ability to generate green hydrogen. We expect that Plug Power green hydrogen generation plants will be among the first green hydrogen generation networks in North America, with plans to expand globally. We expect to leverage our manufacturing prowess at our Rochester Innovation Center, which is Our operating strategy objectives include decreasing product and service costs, and expanding system reliability. Our longer-term strategic objectives are to
We believe continued investment in research and development is critical to the development and enhancement of innovative products, technologies, and services.
In 10 We continue to
Products and Services
Plug Power is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead-acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi-shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity,
flexibility, and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary Part of our long-term plan includes Plug
Our current products and services include:
11 GenFuel
We provide our products
Markets/Geography & Order Status
The Company’s products and services predominantly serve the North American and European material handling markets, and primarily support large to mid-sized fleet, multi-shift operations in high-volume manufacturing and high-throughput distribution centers. Based on recent market experience, it appears there may be some seasonality to sales stemming from varied customer appropriation cycles.
Orders for the Company’s products and services approximated
On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the warrant that was issued to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of
We assemble our products at our manufacturing facilities in Latham, New York, Rochester, New York
Working Capital Items
We currently maintain inventory levels adequate for our short-term needs based upon present levels of production. We consider the component parts of our different products to be generally available and current suppliers to be reliable and capable of satisfying anticipated needs.
Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships
We have developed strategic relationships with 12 primary focus on North America, Europe, and Asia, through our direct product sales force, OEMs, and their dealer networks. We operate in Europe under the name HyPulsion, to develop and sell hydrogen fuel cell systems for the European material handling market.
We do not believe that existing or pending climate change legislation, regulation, or international treaties or accords are reasonably likely to have a
Competition
We experience competition in all areas of our business. The markets we address for motive and backup power are characterized by the presence of well-established battery and combustion generator products.
Intellectual Property
We believe that neither we nor our competitors can achieve a significant proprietary position on the basic technologies currently used in PEM fuel cell systems. However, we believe the design and integration of our system and system components, as well as some of the low-cost manufacturing processes that we have developed, are intellectual property that can be protected. Our intellectual property portfolio covers, among other things: fuel cell components that reduce manufacturing part count; fuel cell system designs that lend themselves to mass manufacturing; improvements to fuel cell system efficiency, reliability and system life; and control strategies, such as added safety protections and operation under extreme conditions. In general, our employees are party to agreements providing that all inventions, whether
patented or not, made or conceived while being our employee, which are related to or result from work or research that we perform, will remain our sole and exclusive property.
We have a total of
Government Regulation
Our
In addition, product safety standards have been established by the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”), covering the overall fuel cell system. The class 1, 2 and 3 GenDrive products are designed with the intent of meeting the requirements of UL 2267 “Fuel Cell Power Systems for Installation in Industrial Electric Trucks” and NFPA 505 “Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks.” The hydrogen tanks used in these systems have been either certified to ANSI/CSA NGV2-2007 “Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers” or ISO/TS 15869 “Gaseous hydrogen and hydrogen blends—Land vehicle fuel tanks.” We will continue to design our GenDrive products to meet ANSI and/or other applicable standards. We certified several models of Class 1, 2 and 3 GenDrive products to the 13 requirements of the CE mark with guidance from a European certified body. The hydrogen tanks used in these systems are certified to the Pressure Equipment Directive by a European certified body. The GenFuel hydrogen storage and dispensing products are designed with the intent of meeting the requirements of NFPA 2 “Hydrogen Technologies Code.”
Other than these requirements, at this time we do not know what additional requirements, if any, each jurisdiction will impose on our products or their installation. We also do not know the extent to which any new regulations may impact our ability to distribute, install and service our products. As we continue distributing our systems to our target markets, the
federal, state, local or foreign government entities may seek to impose regulations or competitors may seek to influence regulations through lobbying
See Item 1A, “Risk
Raw Materials and Suppliers
Most components essential to our business are generally available from multiple sources. We believe there are component suppliers and manufacturing vendors whose loss to us could have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial condition. We are mitigating these potential risks by introducing alternate system architectures which we expect will allow us to diversify our supply chain with multiple fuel cell stack and air supply component vendors. We are also working closely with these vendors and other key suppliers on coordinated product introduction plans, strategic inventories, and internal and external manufacturing schedules and levels. Historically, we have not experienced significant delays in the supply or availability of our key raw materials or components provided by our suppliers,
Research and Development
Because the fuel cell industry is still in the early state of adoption, our ability to compete successfully is heavily dependent upon our ability to ensure a continual and timely flow of competitive products, services, and technologies to the marketplace. We continue to develop new products and technologies and to enhance existing products in the areas of cost, size, weight, and in supporting service solutions in order to drive further commercialization.
We reviewed the composition of our research and development expenses and corrected errors in the presentation of these expenses (See Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements” and Note 3, “Unaudited Quarterly Financial data and Restatement of Previously Issued Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”). We may also expand the range of our product offerings and intellectual property through licensing and/or acquisition of third-party business and technology. Our research and development expense totaled
Employees and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31,
Our employees are critical to the Company’s growth, expansion and success, and we consider our relationship with our employees to be positive. The Company is dedicated to fostering a culture of diversity and committed to hiring talented individuals from all backgrounds and perspectives to which the Company’s ultimate success is linked.
Diversity The Company is committed to promoting and supporting diversity. The Company believes that behaving inclusively is the right thing to do. The Company also
Performance Management and Incentives
Our full-year performance management process begins with setting annual goals for the Company, which guide the development of functional and individual employee goals. Employees and their managers are accountable for goals and must review performance against the goals on an ongoing basis. We provide employee base wages that are competitive and consistent with employee positions, skill levels, experience, and location. Additionally, we believe that individual performance and the results of the Company are directly linked to payment of annual short-term incentive compensation. Employees may also be granted equity compensation awards with multi-year vesting for retention.
Compensation and Benefits
In addition to
The Company believes that identifying and developing the next generation of business leaders is important to its long-term success, and is proud to support it employees in furthering their education with tuition reimbursement plans and training.
Financial Information About Geographic Areas
Please refer to our Geographic Information included in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Available Information
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K 15 information contained on our website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website address is http://www.sec.gov. Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors should be considered carefully in addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The occurrence of any of the following material risks could harm our business and future results of operations and could result in the trading price of our common stock declining and a partial or complete loss of your investment. These risks are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations and trading price of our common stock. The discussion contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A
of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, that involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”
A. MARKET RISKS
Our products and performance depend largely on the availability of hydrogen gas and an insufficient supply of hydrogen could negatively affect our sales and deployment of our products and services.
Our products and services depend largely on the availability of hydrogen gas. We are dependent upon hydrogen suppliers for success with the profitable commercialization of our products and services. If these fuels are not readily available or if their prices are such that energy produced by our products costs more than energy provided by other sources, then our products could be less attractive to potential users and our products’ value proposition could be negatively affected. If hydrogen suppliers elect not to participate in the material handling market, there may be an insufficient supply of hydrogen for this market that could negatively affect our sales and deployment of our products and services.
We will continue to be dependent on certain third-party key suppliers for components in our products. The failure of a supplier to develop and supply components in a timely manner or at all, or our inability to obtain substitute sources of these components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, could impair our ability to manufacture our products or could increase our cost of production.
We rely on certain key suppliers for critical components in our products, and there are numerous other components for our products that are sole sourced. If we fail to maintain our relationships with our suppliers or build relationships with new suppliers, or if suppliers are unable to meet our demand, we may be unable to manufacture our products, or our products may be available only at a higher cost or after a delay. In addition, to the extent that our supply partners use technology or manufacturing processes that are proprietary, we may be unable to obtain comparable components from alternative sources.
The failure of a supplier to develop and supply components in a timely manner or at all, or to develop or supply components that meet our quality, quantity and cost requirements, or our inability to obtain substitute sources of these components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, could impair our ability to manufacture our products or could
increase our cost of production. If we cannot obtain substitute materials or components on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, we could be prevented from delivering our products to our customers within required timeframes. Any such delays could result in sales and installation delays, cancellations, penalty payments or loss of revenue and market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We depend on a concentration of anchor customers for the majority of our revenues and the loss of any of these customers would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We sell most of our products to a range of customers that include a few anchor customers, and while we are continually seeking to expand our customer base, we expect this will continue for the next several years.
On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the vesting conditions under the Amazon Warrant, which resulted in a reduction in revenue of $399.7 million, resulting in negative consolidated revenue of $93.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. See 16 Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements” to the consolidated financial statements for further information. Total revenue in 2020 for
At December 31,
Volatility in commodity prices and product shortages may adversely affect our gross margins.
Some of our products contain commodity-priced materials. Commodity prices and supply levels affect our costs. For example, platinum
Any shortages could adversely affect our ability to produce commercially viable fuel cell systems
Our ability to source parts and raw materials from our suppliers could be disrupted or delayed in our supply chain which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our operations require significant amounts of necessary parts and raw materials. We deploy a continuous, companywide process to source our parts and raw materials from fewer suppliers, and to obtain parts from suppliers in
low-cost countries where possible. If we are unable to source these parts or raw materials, our operations may be disrupted, or we could experience a delay or halt in certain of our manufacturing operations. We believe that our supply management and production practices are based on an appropriate balancing of the foreseeable risks and the costs of alternative practices. Nonetheless, reduced availability or interruption in supplies, whether resulting from more stringent regulatory requirements, supplier financial condition, increases in duties and tariff costs, disruptions in transportation, an outbreak of a severe public health pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic,
Weakness in the economy, market trends and other conditions affecting the profitability and financial stability of our customers could negatively impact our sales growth and results of operations.
The demand for our products and services is sensitive to the production activity, capital spending and demand for products and services of our customers. Many of our customers operate in markets that are subject to cyclical fluctuations resulting from market uncertainty, trade and tariff policies, costs of goods sold, currency exchange rates, central bank interest rate changes, foreign competition, offshoring of production, oil and natural gas prices, geopolitical developments, labor shortages, inflation, deflation, and a variety of other factors beyond our control. Any of these factors could cause 17 customers to idle or close facilities, delay purchases, reduce production levels, or experience reductions in the demand for their own products or services. Any of these events could also reduce the volume of products and services these customers purchase from
We face risks associated with our plans to market, distribute and service our products and services internationally.
We have begun to market, distribute, sell and service our product offerings internationally and expect to continue investing in our international operations. We have limited experience operating internationally, including developing and manufacturing our products to comply with the commercial and legal requirements of international markets. Our success in international markets will depend, in part, on our ability and that of our partners to secure relationships with foreign sub-distributors, and our ability to manufacture products that meet foreign regulatory and commercial requirements. Additionally, our planned international operations are subject to other inherent risks, including potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations and intellectual property rights in foreign countries, and could be adversely affected due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, political and economic instability, acts or threats of terrorism, changes in governmental policies or policies of central banks, expropriation, nationalization and/or confiscation of assets, price controls, fund transfer restrictions, capital controls, exchange rate controls, taxes, unfavorable political and diplomatic developments, changes in legislation or regulations and other additional developments or restrictive actions over which we will have no control.
Doing business in foreign markets requires us to be able to respond to rapid changes in market, legal, and political conditions in these countries. As we expand in international markets,
single market for a transition period that expired on December 31, 2020. On December 24, 2020, the United Kingdom and the European Union entered into a Trade and Cooperation Agreement which was 18 Our investments in joint ventures may involve numerous risks that may affect the ability of such joint ventures to make distributions to us.
Our products and services face intense competition.
The markets for energy products
B. FINANCIAL AND LIQUIDITY RISKS
If we cannot obtain financing to support the sale of our products and service to our customers or our power purchase agreements with customers, such failure may adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.
Customers representing most of our revenue access our products through Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), rather than a direct purchase. These PPA arrangements require us to finance the purchase of such products, either ourselves or through third-party financing sources. To date, we have been successful in obtaining or providing the necessary financing arrangements. There is no certainty, however, that we will be able to continue to obtain or provide adequate
financing for these arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all, in the future. Failure to obtain or provide such financing may result in the loss of material customers and product sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Further, if we are required to continue to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements, such cash will not be available to us for other purposes, which may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial position. For example, as of December 31,
We may require additional capital funding and such capital may not be available to us.
As of December 31, 19 Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased and equipment related to PPAs for customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued expansion of our markets, such as Europe and Asia, continued development and expansion of our products, such as ProGen, payment of lease obligations under sale/leaseback financings, mergers and acquisitions,
We cannot assure you that any necessary additional financing will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. We believe that it could be difficult to raise additional funds and there can be no assurance as to the availability of additional financing or the terms upon which additional financing may be available. Additionally, even if we raise sufficient capital through additional equity or debt financings, strategic alternatives or otherwise, there can be no assurance that the revenue or capital infusion will be sufficient to enable us to develop our business to a level where it will be profitable or generate positive cash flow. If we incur additional debt, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. The terms of any debt securities issued could also impose significant restrictions on our operations. Broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance, and may adversely impact our ability to raise additional funds. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and/or licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
We have incurred losses and anticipate continuing to incur losses.
We have not achieved operating profitability in any quarter since our formation and we will continue to incur net losses until we can produce sufficient revenue to cover our costs. Our net losses attributable to common stockholders were approximately
sell our products and services on a large-scale and cost-effective basis. We cannot guarantee when we will operate profitably, if ever. In order to achieve profitability, we must successfully execute our planned path to profitability in the early adoption markets on which we are focused. The profitability of our products depends largely on material and manufacturing costs and the market price of hydrogen. The hydrogen infrastructure that is needed to support our growth readiness and cost efficiency must be available and cost efficient. We must continue to shorten the cycles in our product roadmap with respect to improvement in product reliability and performance that our customers expect. We must execute on successful introduction of our products into the market. We must accurately evaluate our markets for, and react to, competitive threats in both other technologies (such as advanced batteries) and our technology field. Finally, we must continue to lower our products’ build costs and lifetime service costs. If we are unable to successfully take these steps, we may never operate profitably, and, even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase our profitability in the future. 20 Our indebtedness could adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and our ability to fulfill our obligations and operate our business.
At December 31, Our high level of indebtedness could have negative consequences on our future operations, including:
Our level of indebtedness will require that we use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal of, and interest on, our indebtedness, which will reduce the availability of cash to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures, research and development and other general corporate or business activities. Our ability to generate cash to repay our indebtedness is subject to the performance of our business, as well as general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond our control. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operating activities or if future borrowings are not available to us in amounts sufficient to enable us to fund our liquidity needs, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
The agreement governing our Term Loan Facility contains covenant restrictions that may limit our ability to operate our business.
We may be unable to respond to changes in business and economic conditions, engage in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us, or obtain additional financing, because the agreement governing our Term Loan Facility contains covenant restrictions that limit our ability to, among other things: incur additional debt, create liens, make acquisitions, make loans, pay dividends, dissolve, or enter into leases and asset sale. In addition, the agreement requires that we comply with a collateral coverage covenant that was first measured on December 31,
accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay such debt, which could materially and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Although we are currently in compliance with, or have obtained waivers for, the covenants contained in the agreement governing our Term Loan Facility, we cannot assure you that we will be able to remain in compliance with such covenants in the future. An event of default under the agreement governing our Term Loan Facility could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. 21
Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, or ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
As a result, we report larger net losses (or lower net income) in our financial results because ASC 470-20 requires interest to include the amortization of the debt discount, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results or the trading price of our common stock.
In
The convertible note hedges may affect the value of our common stock.
In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.3 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60%over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The option counterparties and/or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes (and are likely to do so during 22 any observation period related to a conversion of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes or following any repurchase of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes by us on any fundamental change repurchase date or otherwise). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock. In addition, if any such convertible note hedge transaction fails to become effective, the option counterparties may unwind their hedge positions with respect to our common stock, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock. The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions. The option counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions and are subject to the risk that one or more of such option counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties is not secured by any collateral. If any option counterparty becomes subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under our transactions with that option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in our common stock market price and in the volatility of the market price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and dilution with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurance as to the financial stability or viability of any option counterparty.
C. OPERATIONAL RISKS
We may not be able to expand our business or manage our future growth effectively.
We may not be able to expand our business or manage future growth. We plan to continue to improve our manufacturing processes and build additional manufacturing production over the next five years, which will require successful execution of:
Ensuring delivery of our products is subject to many market risks, including scarcity, significant price fluctuations and competition. Maintaining adequate liquidity is dependent upon a variety of factors, including continued revenues from operations, working capital improvements, and compliance with our debt instruments. We may not be able to achieve our growth strategy and increase production capacity as planned during the foreseeable future. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, develop new products, satisfy customer requirements, execute our business plan, or respond to competitive pressures. For further information on risks associated with new business ventures, see Item I.3.E, “Risk Factors” (“Strategic Risks – We may be unable to successfully pursue new business ventures.”).
Delays in or not completing our product development goals may adversely affect our revenue and profitability.
If we experience delays in meeting our development goals, our products exhibit technical defects, or if we are unable to meet cost or performance goals, including power output, useful life and reliability, the profitable commercialization of our products will be delayed. In this event, potential purchasers of our products may choose 23 alternative technologies and any delays could allow potential competitors to gain market advantages. We cannot assure that we will successfully meet our commercialization schedule in the future.
Periodically, we may enter into contracts with our customers for certain products that have not been developed or produced. There can be no assurance that we will complete the development of these products and meet the specifications required to fulfill customer agreements and deliver products on schedule. Pursuant to such agreements, the customers would have the right to provide notice to us if, in their good faith judgment, we have materially deviated from such agreements. Should a customer provide such notice, and we cannot mutually agree to a modification to the agreement, then the customer may have the right to terminate the agreement, which could
Other than our current products, which we believe to be commercially viable at this time, we do not know when or whether we will successfully complete research and development of other commercially viable products that could be critical to our future. If we are unable to develop additional commercially viable products, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to become profitable. The profitable commercialization of our products depends on our ability to reduce the costs of our components and subsystems, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to sufficiently reduce these costs. In addition, the profitable commercialization of our products requires achievement and verification of their overall reliability, efficiency and safety targets, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to develop, acquire or license the technology necessary to achieve these targets. We must complete additional research and development to fill our product portfolios and deliver enhanced functionality and reliability in order to manufacture additional commercially viable products in commercial quantities. In addition, while we continue to conduct tests to predict the overall life of our products,
we may not have run our products over their projected useful life prior to large-scale commercialization. As a result, we cannot be sure that our products will last as long as predicted, resulting in possible warranty claims and commercial failures.
Certain component quality issues have resulted in adjustments to our warranty reserves and the accrual for loss contracts.
In the past, quality issues have arisen with respect to certain components in certain products that are currently being used at customer sites. Under the terms of our extended maintenance contracts, we have had to retrofit units subject to component quality issues with replacement components to improve the reliability of our products for our customers. We recorded a provision for loss contracts related to service in the current and prior years. Though we continue to work with our vendors on these component issues to improve quality and reliability, unanticipated additional quality issues or warranty claims may arise, and additional material charges may be incurred in the future. Quality issues also could cause profitable maintenance contracts to become unprofitable.
In addition, from time to time we experience other unexpected design, manufacturing or product performance issues. We make significant investment in the continued improvement of our products and maintain appropriate warranty reserves for known and unexpected issues; however, unknown malfunctions or defects could result in unexpected material liabilities and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and prospects. For example, in 2019, we commenced a field replacement program for certain composite fuel tanks that did not meet the supply contract standard, as determined by us and the manufacturer. The manufacturer of the tanks is funding the entire incremental cost of the replacement program and we are working with our customers to ensure an efficient, minimally disruptive process for the exchange. In addition, an actual or perceived problem could adversely affect the market’s perception of our products resulting in a decline in demand for our products and could divert the attention of our management, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.
Our products use flammable fuels that are inherently dangerous substances.
Our fuel cell systems use hydrogen gas in catalytic reactions. While our products do not use this fuel in a combustion process, hydrogen gas is a flammable fuel that could leak and combust if ignited by another source. Further, any such accidents involving our products or other products using similar flammable fuels could materially suppress demand for, or heighten regulatory scrutiny of, our products. 24 The risk of product liability claims and associated adverse publicity is inherent in the development, manufacturing, marketing and sale of fuel cell products,
Our purchase orders may not ship, be commissioned or installed, or convert to revenue.
Some of the orders we accept from customers require certain conditions or contingencies to be satisfied, or may be cancelled, prior to shipment or prior to commissioning or installation, some of which are outside of our control. Historically, shipments made against these orders have generally occurred between 90 days and 24 months from the date of acceptance of the order. Orders for the Company’s products and services approximated
or contingencies that are out of our control may include, but are not limited to, government tax policy, government funding programs, and government incentive programs. Additionally, some conditions and contingencies may extend for several years. We may have to compensate customers, by either reimbursement, forfeiting portions of associated revenue, or other methods depending on the terms of the customer contract, based on the failure on any of these conditions or contingencies. While not probable, this could have an adverse impact on our revenue and cash flow.
We are dependent on information technology in our operations and the failure of such technology may adversely affect our business.
We may experience problems with the operation of our current information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, as well as the development and deployment of new information technology systems, that could adversely affect, or even temporarily disrupt, all or a portion of our operations until resolved. Inabilities and delays in implementing new systems can also affect our ability to realize projected or expected cost savings.
Our future plans could be harmed if we are unable to attract or retain key personnel.
We have attracted a highly skilled management team and specialized workforce, including scientists, engineers, researchers, manufacturing, marketing and sales professionals. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified management and technical personnel. We do not know whether we will be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel. 25 We may not be able to protect important intellectual property and we could incur substantial costs defending against claims that our products infringe on the proprietary rights of others.
PEM fuel cell technology was first developed in the 1950s, and fuel processing technology has been practiced on a large scale in the petrochemical industry for decades. Accordingly, we do not believe that we can establish a significant
proprietary position in the fundamental component technologies in these areas. However, our ability to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary system-level technologies, systems designs and manufacturing processes. We rely on patents, trademarks,
Further, our competitors may independently develop or patent technologies or processes that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours. If we are found to be infringing third party patents, we could be required to pay substantial royalties and/or damages, and we do not know whether we will be able to obtain licenses to use such patents on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain needed licenses could delay or prevent the development, manufacture or sale of our products, and could necessitate the expenditure of significant resources to develop or acquire non-infringing intellectual property.
We may need to pursue lawsuits or legal action in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets and domain names, and to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. If third parties prepare and file applications for trademarks used or registered by us, we may oppose those applications and be required to participate in proceedings to determine the priority of rights to the trademark. Similarly, competitors may have filed applications for patents, may have received patents and may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights relating to products or technology that block or compete with ours. We may have to participate in interference proceedings to determine the priority of invention and the right to a patent for the technology. Litigation and interference proceedings, even if they are successful, are expensive to pursue and time consuming, and we could use a substantial amount of our management and financial resources in either case.
Confidentiality agreements to which we are party may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Our trade secrets may also be known without breach of such agreements or may be independently developed by competitors. Our inability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology and processes could allow our competitors to limit or eliminate any competitive advantages we may have.
We are subject to legal proceedings and legal compliance risks that could harm our business.
We are currently, and in the future may continue to be, subject to commercial disputes and litigation. In connection with any disputes or litigation in which we are involved, we may incur costs and expenses in connection with defending ourselves or in connection with the payment of any settlement or judgment or compliance with any ruling in connection therewith. The expense of defending litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. See Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings.”
Our financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. GAAP is subject to interpretation by the FASB, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. See Note
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below expectations of investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
In connection with our determination to restate certain of our previously issued consolidated financial statements, we determined that certain of the estimates and judgment underlying certain of the Restatement Items were in error. See Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and Note 3, “Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data and Restatement of Previously Issued Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” to the consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. For example, our revenue recognition
We recently identified a material
Management identified the following deficiency in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: the Company did not maintain a sufficient complement of trained, knowledgeable resources to execute their responsibilities with respect to internal control over financial reporting for certain financial statement accounts and disclosures. As a consequence, the Company did not conduct an effective risk assessment process that was responsive to changes in the Company’s operating environment and did not design and implement effective process-level controls activities in the following areas: presentation of operating expenses; accounting for lease-related transactions; identification and evaluation of impairment, loss-contract accrual, certain expense accruals, and deemed dividends; and timely identification of adjustments to physical inventory in interim periods. See Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the identified material weakness and our actions to date to remediate the material weakness. We reached a determination to restate certain of our previously issued consolidated financial statements as a result of the identification of accounting errors in previously issued financial statements, which resulted in unanticipated costs and may affect investor confidence and raise reputational issues. As discussed in the Explanatory Note above, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, we reached a determination to restate our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures 27 for the periods disclosed in those notes after identifying accounting errors in connection with the Restatement Items. The restatement also included corrections for previously identified immaterial items in the Company’s previously issued financial statements and other financial data. As a result, we have incurred unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with or related to the restatement and have become subject to a number of additional risks, uncertainties, and litigation (see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings”), which may affect investor confidence in the accuracy of our financial disclosures and may raise reputational risks for our business, both of which could harm our business and financial results. We are in the process of resolving SEC comments relating to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2020 regarding certain accounting and financial disclosure matters, which could possibly result in changes to our existing accounting and financial disclosure. We received comment letters from the staff of the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance (the “Staff”) relating to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 10-K”) and the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2020. Until these comments are resolved, or until any additional comments raised by the Staff during this process are resolved, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be required to amend the 2019 Form 10-K, the Form 8-K or make any material changes to the accounting or financial disclosures contained in the 2019 Form 10-K, the Form 8-K or similar disclosures made in our other filings, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. D. REGULATORY RISKS
The reduction or elimination of government subsidies and economic incentives for alternative energy technologies, or the failure to renew such subsidies and incentives, could reduce demand for our products, lead to a reduction in our revenues and adversely impact our operating results and liquidity.
We believe that the near-term growth of alternative energy technologies is affected by the availability and size of government and economic incentives. Many of these government incentives expire, phase out over time, may exhaust the allocated funding, or require renewal by the applicable authority. In addition, these incentive programs could be reduced or discontinued for other reasons. The investment tax credit under the U.S. tax code was renewed in February 2018. The renewal allows for a 30% investment tax credit which
We are subject to various federal, state and local Our operations are subject to federal, state, and local environmental and human health and safety laws and regulations, including laws and regulations relating to the use, handling, storage, transportation, disposal and human
exposure to hazardous substances and wastes, product safety, emissions of pollution into the environment and human health and safety. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur, costs to comply with these laws and regulations.
Violation of these laws or regulations or the occurrence of an explosion or other accident in connection with our fuel cell systems at our properties or at third party locations could lead to substantial liabilities and sanctions, including fines and penalties, cleanup costs or the requirement to undertake corrective action. Further, environmental laws and regulations, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement thereof, are subject to change and may become more stringent in the future, each of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, certain environmental laws impose liability, which can be joint, several and strict, on current and previous owners and operators of real property for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous substances and damage to natural resources. These laws often impose liability even if the owner or operator did not know of, or was not responsible for, the release of such hazardous substances. They can also assess liability on persons who arrange for hazardous substances to be sent to disposal or treatment facilities when such facilities are found to be contaminated, and such persons 28 can be responsible for cleanup costs even if they never owned or operated the contaminated facility. Our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Trade policies, treaties and tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our business is dependent on the availability of raw materials and components for our products, particularly electrical components common in the semiconductor industry. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and various other countries, most significantly China, with respect to trade policies, treaties, tariffs and taxes. The new U.S. presidential administration and U.S. Congress This uncertainty
We cannot predict whether, and to what extent, there may be changes to international trade agreements or whether quotas, duties, tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions on our products will be changed or imposed.
Our business may become subject to increased government regulation.
Our products are subject to certain federal,
information. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Further, as products are introduced into the market commercially, governments may impose new regulations. We do not know the extent to which any such regulations may impact our ability to manufacture, distribute, install and service our products. Any regulation of our products, whether at the federal, state, local or foreign level, including any regulations relating to the production, operation, installation, and servicing of our products may increase our costs and the price of our products, and noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Changes in tax laws or regulations or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. A number of factors may adversely affect our future effective tax rates, such as the jurisdictions in which our profits are determined to be earned and taxed; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to estimated taxes upon 29 finalization of various tax returns; changes in available tax credits, grants and other incentives; changes in stock-based compensation expense; the availability of loss or credit carryforwards to offset taxable income; changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof; or examinations by US federal, state or foreign jurisdictions that disagree with interpretations of tax rules and regulations in regard to positions taken on tax filings. A change in our effective tax rate due to any of these factors may adversely affect the carrying value of our tax assets and our future results from operations.
In addition, as our business grows, we are required to comply with increasingly complex taxation rules and practices. We are subject to tax in multiple U.S. tax jurisdictions and in foreign tax jurisdictions as we expand internationally. The development of our tax strategies requires additional expertise and may impact how we conduct our business. If our tax strategies are ineffective or we are not in compliance with domestic and international tax laws, our financial position, operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.
The changes in the carryforward/carryback periods as well as the new limitation on use of net operating losses (“NOLs”) may significantly impact our valuation allowance assessments for NOLs.
As of December 31, The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act modifies, among other things, rules governing NOLs. NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 are subject to an 80% of taxable income limitation (as calculated before taking the NOLs into account) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2020. In addition, NOLs arising in tax years 2018, 2019, and 2020 are subject to a five year carryback and indefinite carryforward, while NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2020 also are subject to indefinite carryforward but cannot be carried back. In future years, if and when the valuation allowance related to our NOLs is partially or fully released, the changes
in the carryforward/carryback periods as well as the new limitation on use of NOLs may significantly impact our valuation allowance assessments for NOLs generated after December 31, 2017. E. STRATEGIC RISKS
We may be unable to establish or maintain relationships with third parties for certain aspects of continued product development, manufacturing, distribution and servicing and the supply of key components for our products.
We will need to maintain and may need to enter into additional strategic relationships in order to complete our current product development and commercialization 30 product development and commercialization plans on schedule or at all. We may also need to scale back these plans in the absence of needed partners, which could adversely affect our future prospects for development and commercialization of future products. While we have entered into relationships with suppliers of some key components for our products, we do not know when or whether we will secure supply relationships for all required components and subsystems for our products, or whether such relationships will be on terms that will allow us to achieve our objectives. Our business prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed if we fail to secure relationships with entities that can develop or supply the required components for our products and provide the required distribution and servicing support. Additionally, the agreements governing our current relationships allow for termination by our partners under certain circumstances, some of which are beyond our control. If any of our current strategic partners were to terminate any of its agreements with us, there could be a material adverse impact on the continued development and profitable commercialization of our products and the operation of our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may be unable to make attractive acquisitions or successfully integrate acquired businesses, assets or properties, and any
As part of our business strategy, we intend to consider acquisitions of companies, technologies and products. We may not be able to identify such attractive acquisition opportunities. Acquisitions, involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including, among other things:
In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders may be diluted. As a result, if our forecasted assumptions for these acquisitions and investments are not accurate, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions, and we may incur costs in excess of what we had anticipated.
We may be unable to successfully pursue
We have recently begun 31 F. RISKS RELATED TO THE OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK
Our stock price and stock trading volume have been and could remain volatile, and the value of your investment could decline.
The market price of our common stock has historically experienced and may continue to experience significant volatility. In
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales might occur, could reduce the price that our common stock might otherwise attain and may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. As of December 31,
Moreover, subject to market conditions and other factors, we may conduct future offerings of equity or debt securities. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, the conversion of the notes or preferred stock or the exercise of outstanding options and warrants and future equity issuances will result in dilution to investors.
The market price of our common stock could fall as a result of resales of any of these shares of common stock due to an increased number of shares available for sale in the market.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports or if they publish unfavorable or inaccurate research about our business and our stock, the price of our stock and the trading volume could decline.
We expect that the trading market for our common stock will be affected by research or reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. There are many large, well-established companies active in our industry and portions of the markets in which we compete, which may mean that we receive less widespread analyst coverage than our competitors. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades their evaluations of our company or our stock, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company, our stock may lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline. 32 Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may discourage or delay an acquisition of the Company by a third party that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws, and Delaware corporate law contain provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect and make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board. These provisions may also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for our stockholders to take some corporate actions, including the election of directors. These provisions include: the ability of our Board to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to determine the terms of those shares, including preference and voting rights, without a stockholder vote; the exclusive right of our Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board; the inability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders; the prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders; advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us; the ability of our Board of Directors, by majority vote, to amend the bylaws, which may allow our Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and staggered terms for our directors, which effectively prevents stockholders from electing a majority of the directors at any one annual meeting of stockholders.
In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time.
We do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock.
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. If we do not pay cash dividends, you would receive a return on your investment in our common stock only if the market price of our common stock is greater at the time you sell your shares than the market price at the time you bought your shares.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide for an exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, and the exclusive forum in the Delaware federal courts for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of, or a claim based on, a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or (iv) any other action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The amended and restated bylaws further provide that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under
the Securities Act and any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company will be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision that is contained in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, Section 22 of the Securities Act provides that state and federal courts have concurrent jurisdiction over claims to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations 33 promulgated thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act.
Because the choice of forum provisions in our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of severing certain causes of action between federal and state courts, stockholders seeking to assert claims against us or any of our current or former director, officer, other employee, agent, or stockholder, may be discouraged from bringing such claims due to a possibility of increased litigation expenses arising from litigating multiple related claims in two separate courts. The choice of forum provisions may therefore limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our current or former director, officer, other employee, agent, or stockholder.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
There are no unresolved comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the SEC that were issued 180 days or more preceding the
Item 2. Properties
Our principal offices are located in Latham, New York, where we lease a 159,000 square foot facility that includes our headquarter office building, our manufacturing facility, and our primary research and development center. We lease a 150,000 square foot facility in Rochester, New York that includes additional office and research and development space, a 29,200 square foot facility in Spokane, Washington that includes an office building and a manufacturing facility, and a 38,400 square foot warehousing space in Clifton Park, New York. We also lease
service centers in Dayton, Ohio and Romeoville, Illinois. See Note 22, “Commitments and Contingencies, as restated,” to the consolidated financial statements, Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of the leases. We believe that our facilities are sufficient to accommodate our anticipated production volumes for at least the next two years. Item 3. Legal Proceedings
On August 28, 2018, a lawsuit was filed on behalf of multiple individuals against the Company and five corporate co-defendants in the 9th Judicial District Court, Rapides Parish, Louisiana. The lawsuit relates to the previously disclosed May 2018 accident involving a forklift powered by the Company’s fuel cell at a Procter & Gamble facility in Louisiana. The lawsuit alleges claims against the Company and co-defendants, including Structural Composites Industries, Deep South Equipment Co., Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., and Hyster-Yale Group, Inc. for claims under the Louisiana Product Liability Act (“LPLA”) including defect in construction and/or composition, design defect, inadequate warning, breach of express warranty and negligence for wrongful death and personal injuries, among other damages. Procter & Gamble has intervened in that suit to recover worker’s compensation benefits paid to or for the employees/dependents. Procter & Gamble has also filed suit for property damage, business interruption, loss of revenue, expenses, and other damages. Procter & Gamble alleges theories under the LPLA, breach of warranty and quasi-contractual claims under Louisiana law. Defendants include the Company and several of the same co-defendants from the August 2018 lawsuit, including Structural Composites Industries, Deep South Equipment Co., and Hyster-Yale Group, Inc.
On March 8, 2021, Company stockholder Dawn Beverly, individually and on behalf of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Plug securities between November 9, 2020 and March 1, 2021 (the “Class”), filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, Plug Chief Executive Officer Andrew Marsh, and Plug Chief Financial Officer Paul Middleton (together, the “Defendants”), captioned Dawn Beverly et al. v. Plug Power Inc. et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-02004 (S.D.N.Y.) (the 34 Class Action Complaint alleges that Defendants failed to disclose that the Company (i) “would be unable to timely file its 2020 annual report due to delays related to the review of classification of certain costs and the recoverability of the right to use assets with certain leases”; and (ii) “was reasonably likely to report material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting[.]” The
On March 18, 2021, Company stockholder Branislav Smolíček, individually and on behalf of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Plug securities between November 9, 2020 and March 1, 2021, filed in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California a complaint captioned Smolíčekv. Plug Power Inc. et al., Case No. 2:21-cv-02402 (C.D. Cal.) (the “Smolíček Complaint”). The Smolíček Complaint is substantially similar to the
On March 31, 2021, Company stockholder Junwei Liu, derivatively and on behalf of nominal defendant Plug, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain Company directors and officers (the “Derivative Defendants”), captioned Liu v. Marsh et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-02753 (S.D.N.Y.) (the “Liu Derivative Complaint”). The Liu Derivative Complaint alleges that, between November 9, 2020 and March 1, 2021, the Derivative Defendants “made, or caused the Company to make, materially false and misleading statements concerning Plug Power’s business, operations, and prospects” by “issu[ing] positive financial information and optimistic guidance, and made assurances that the Company’s internal controls were effective,” when, “[i]n reality, the Company’s internal controls suffered from material deficiencies that rendered them ineffective.” The Liu Derivative Complaint asserts claims for (1) breach of fiduciary duties, (2) unjust enrichment, (3) abuse of control, (4) gross mismanagement, (5) waste of corporate assets, and (6) contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act (as to the named officer defendants). The Liu Derivative Complaint seeks a judgment “[d]eclaring that Plaintiff may maintain this action on behalf of Plug”; “[d]eclaring that the [Derivative] Defendants have breached and/or aided and abetted the breach of their fiduciary duties”; “awarding to Plug Power the damages sustained by it as a result of the violations” set forth in the Liu Derivative Complaint, “together with pre-judgment and post-judgment interest thereon”; “[d]irecting Plug Power and the [Derivative] Defendants to take all necessary actions to reform and improve Plug Power’s corporate governance and internal procedures to comply with applicable laws”; and “[a]warding Plaintiff the costs and disbursements of this action, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees, costs, and expenses”; and “[s]uch other and further relief as the [c]ourt may deem just and proper.”
On April 5, 2021, Company stockholders Elias Levy and Camerohn X. Withers, derivatively and on behalf of nominal defendant Plug, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Derivative Defendants named in the Liu Derivative Complaint, captioned Levy et al. v. McNamee et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-02891 (S.D.N.Y.) (the “LevyDerivative Complaint”). The LevyDerivative Complaint alleges that, from November 9, 2020 to April 5, 2021, the Derivative Defendants “breached their duties of loyalty and good faith” by failing to disclose “(1) that the Company would be unable to timely file its 2020 annual report due to delays related to the review of classification of certain costs and the recoverability of the right to use assets with certain leases; (2) that the Company was reasonably likely to report material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting; and (3) that, as a result of the foregoing, Defendants’ positive statements about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.” The LevyDerivative Complaint asserts claims for (1) breach of fiduciary
duty (as to the named director defendants), (2) unjust enrichment (as to certain named director defendants), (3) waste of corporate assets (as to the named director defendants), and (4) violations of Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act (as to the named officer defendants). The Levy Derivative Complaint seeks a judgment “declaring that Plaintiffs may maintain this action on behalf of the Company”; finding the Derivative Defendants “liable for breaching their fiduciary duties owed to the Company”; directing the Derivative Defendants “to take all necessary actions to reform and improve the Company’s corporate governance, risk management, and internal operating procedures to comply with applicable laws”; “awarding damages to the Company for the harm the Company suffered as a result of Defendants’ wrongful conduct”; “awarding damages to the Company for [the named officer Derivative Defendants’] violations of Sections 35 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act”; “awarding Plaintiffs the costs and disbursements of this action, including attorneys’, accountants’, and experts’ fees”; and “awarding such other and further relief as is just and equitable.”
On
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information and Holders of Record.Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “PLUG.” As of
Dividend Policy.We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will depend upon capital requirements and limitations imposed by our credit agreements, if any, and such other factors as our Board may consider.
Five-Year Performance Graph.Below is a line graph comparing the percentage change in the cumulative total return of the Company’s common stock, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock, with the total return of companies included within the NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index (“CELS Index”) and the companies included within the Russell 2000 Index (“RUT Index”) for the period commencing December 31, 36 2020. The calculation of the cumulative total return assumes a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock, the CELS Index and the RUT Index on December 31,
Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following tables set forth selected financial data and other operating information of the Company. The selected statement of operations and balance sheet data for 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, as restated (in thousands, except share and per share data). The information is only a summary and you should read it in conjunction with the 37 Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included herein, and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
38 Item
The discussion contained in this Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In evaluating these statements, you should review Part I, Forward-Looking Statements, Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Plug Power is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead-acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi-shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary
Part of our long-term plan includes Plug Power penetrating the on-road vehicle market and large-scale stationary market.
GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system providing power to material handling electric vehicles, including class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts, AGVs and ground support equipment; GenFuel: GenFuel is our liquid hydrogen fueling delivery, generation, storage, and dispensing system; GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing ‘internet of things’-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cell systems, GenSure fuel cell systems, GenFuel hydrogen storage and dispensing products and ProGen fuel cell engines; GenSure: GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular PEM fuel cell power to support the backup and grid-support power requirements of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors; GenSure High Power Fuel Cell Platform will support large scale stationary power and data center markets. 39 GenKey: GenKey is our vertically integrated “turn-key” solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure fuel cell power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power; ProGen: ProGen is our fuel cell stack and engine technology currently used globally in mobility and stationary fuel cell systems, and as engines in electric delivery vans. This includes the Plug Power MEA, a critical component of the fuel cell stack used in zero-emission fuel cell electric vehicle engines; and GenFuel Electrolyzers: GenFuel electrolyzers are modular, scalable hydrogen generators optimized for clean hydrogen production. Electrolyzers generate hydrogen from water using electricity and a special membrane and “green” hydrogen is generated by using renewable energy inputs, such as solar or wind power. We provide our products worldwide through our direct product sales force, and by leveraging relationships with OEMs and their dealer networks. Plug Power is targeting Asia and Europe for expansion in adoption. Europe has rolled out ambitious targets for the hydrogen economy and Plug Power is executing on its strategy to become one of the European leaders. This includes a targeted account strategy for material handling as well as securing strategic partnerships with European OEMs, energy companies, utility leaders and accelerating our electrolyzer business. We manufacture our commercially viable products in Latham, New York, Rochester, New York and Spokane, Washington and support liquid hydrogen generation and logistics in Charleston, Tennessee. Recent Developments COVID-19 Update As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,
We cannot predict at this time the full extent to which COVID-19 will impact our business, results and financial condition, which will depend on many factors. We are staying in close communication with our manufacturing facilities, employees, customers, suppliers and partners, and acting to mitigate the impact of this dynamic and evolving situation, but there is no guarantee that we will be able to do so. Although as of the date hereof, we have not observed any material impacts to our supply of components, the situation is fluid. Many of the parts for our products are sourced from suppliers in China and the manufacturing situation in China remains variable. Supply chain disruptions could reduce the availability of key components, increase prices or
Borrowings, Capital Raises and Strategic Investments
On February 24, 2021, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its common stock in connection with a strategic partnership with SK Holdings Co., Ltd. (“SK Holdings”) to accelerate the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Asian markets. The Company sold 54,966,188 shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of SK Holdings at a purchase price of $29.2893 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion.
In August 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered equity offering an aggregate of 35,276,250 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $10.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $344.4 million. In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from this offering after deducting costs of the issuance were $205.1 million. See Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes, as restated” for more details. The Company used $90.2 million of the net proceeds to purchase $66.3 million of its 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Governance On February 18, 2021, the Company’s Board appointed Kimberly A. Harriman as a director and as a member of the Audit Committee of the Board. On February 24, 2021, in connection with the closing of the SK Holdings investment, the Board appointed Kyungyeol Song as a director of the Company. Each of Ms. Harriman and Mr. Song has been designated as a Class III director to serve until the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. On May 13, 2021, the Board amended and restated the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Bylaws in order to clarify and update certain provisions as well as to (i) expressly provide for virtual stockholder meetings by remote communication (Article I, Section 4), (ii) eliminate the requirement to provide notice of any adjourned meeting of the Board (Article II, Section 9), (iii) provide that shares of all classes or series of the Company’s stock may be uncertificated (Article IV, Section 1), and (iv) designate the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive jurisdiction for any litigation arising under the Securities Act (Article VI, Section 8) (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”). The Board approved the Amended and Restated Bylaws, among other reasons, to align them with current governance practices and, in respect of the exclusive federal forum provision, in order to seek to reduce any potential expenses that the Company may incur in connection with any actions or proceedings by seeking to avoid the Company being required to defend any such potential actions or proceedings in multiple jurisdictions and in parallel proceedings in federal and state courts simultaneously. Amazon Warrant In 2017, the Company issued the Amazon Warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”). On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the Amazon Warrant, which resulted in the immediate vesting of the 20,368,784 unvested third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares and recognition of a $399.7 million reduction to revenue associated with 18,085,395 of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares for which reduction of revenue The $399.7 million reduction to revenue resulting from 41 The $399.7 million reduction to
Provision for Common Stock Warrants
In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC and Walmart, Inc. (“Walmart”) warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2019-08, with retrospective adoption as of January 1, 2019. As a result, the amount recorded as a reduction of revenue was measured based on the grant-date fair value of the warrants. Previously, this amount was measured based on vesting date fair value with estimates of fair value determined at each financial reporting date for unvested warrant shares considered to be probable of vesting. Except for the third tranche, all existing unvested warrants are measured using a measurement date of January 1, 2019, the adoption date, in accordance with ASU 2019-08. For the third tranche of the shares under Walmart’s warrant, the exercise price will be determined once the second tranche vests. For the third tranche of the Amazon Warrant Shares, see
The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the years ended December 31,
Comparison of years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 Results of Operations Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, PPAs, and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. 42 Net revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit/(loss) and gross margin for the years ended December 31,
Net Revenue
Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure 43 2018. The increase in
Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the year ended December 31, Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $3.2 million, or 14.6%, to $25.2 million (as restated) from $22.0 million (as restated) for the year ended December 31, 2018. Included within revenue from services was provision for common stock warrants of $0.8 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, contributing to the increase in
Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements.Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. Revenue from PPAs for the year ended December 31,
Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $45.2 million, or 155.2%, to
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $12.7 million (as restated), or 14.9% (as restated), to $97.9 million (as restated), compared to $85.2 million (as restated) for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the year ended December 31, 45 million, or
Cost of revenue – The Company recorded a net benefit for loss accrual during 2019 of $394 thousand (as restated), a decrease of $5.7 million (as restated) over the provision recorded in 2018 of $5.3 million (as restated). The decrease in the provision for loss accrual during 2019 was driven primarily by the passage of time on the contract portfolio and limited number of new contracts in 2019. The Company entered into one new service contract during 2019, compared to five new service contracts in 2018. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes depreciation of assets utilized and service costs to fulfill PPA obligations and interest costs associated with certain financial institutions for leased equipment. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the year ended December 31,
average number of units and customer sites party to these agreements. There was an average of Cost of revenue from PPAs for
Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers 46 for the year ended December 31, Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the year ended December 31, Expenses Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $12.8 million, or 84.9%, to $27.8 million from $15.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as restated. The increase was primarily due to additional research and development for improvement of fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance, and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks, and drone applications. Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $2.3 million (as restated), or 18.1% (as restated), to $15.1 million (as restated) from $12.8 million (as restated) for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to additional research and development for fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance, and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks, drone applications. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $36.1 million, or 83.7%, to $79.3 million from $43.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 (as restated). This increase was primarily related to acquisition and debt restructuring charges in addition to increases in compensation and headcount. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $5.5 million (as restated), or 14.6% (as restated), to $43.2 million (as restated) from $37.7 million (as restated) for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily related to an increase in performance and stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2019, offset by a decrease in a certain legal accrual recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018. 47 Contingent Consideration. In the second quarter of 2020, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet a liability of $8.9 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration issued in the acquisitions of Giner ELX and UHG. The fair value of this contingent consideration was remeasured as of December 31, 2020 and was estimated to be $10.2 million. This change in fair value of $1.2 million was recorded as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 5, “Acquisitions,” to the consolidated financial statements for further details. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. The Company entered into a series of finance leases with Generate Capital during 2018. Approximately $50.0 million of these finance leases were terminated and replaced with long-term debt with Generate Capital in March 2019. Additionally, in September of 2019 and March of 2018, the Company issued convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Since December 31, 2019, the Company assumed approximately $100 million of additional long-term debt at 9.50% interest, issued $212.5 million convertible senior notes at 3.75% interest, and entered into additional sale/leaseback finance obligation arrangements at an incremental borrowing rates ranging from 10.75% to 12.00%. Net interest and other expense for the year ended December 31, 2020, increased $24.8 million or 69.5%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 (as restated). This increase was attributable to an increase in interest expense associated with the Company’s increased finance obligations, long-term debt and the issuance of the convertible senior notes, as mentioned above. Net interest and other expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, increased $12.9 million (as restated) or 56.9% (as restated), as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 (as restated). This increase was attributed to the increase in finance leases and long-term debt during 2019 and the issuance of convertible senior notes in September 2019 and March 2018, as mentioned above. Common Stock Warrant Liability The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants, other than the Amazon Warrant and the warrant issued to Walmart, as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. All remaining common stock warrants were fully exercised in the fourth quarter of 2019. As such, there was no change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2019 resulted in a decrease in the associated warrant liability of $79 thousand as compared to a decrease of $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. These variances were primarily due to changes in the average remaining term of the warrants, an increase in Company’s common stock price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate the fair value of these warrants at each financial reporting date. All of these warrants were exercised on October 15, 2019 for net proceeds of $14.1 million. Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 14,615,615 shares in connection with the conversion of approximately $33.5 million of its 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The resulting gain of approximately $4.5 million is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase approximately $66.3 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes which resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. 48 In March 2019, the Company restructured its long-term debt with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (“NY Green Bank”), which resulted in a loss on early debt extinguishment of $0.5 million. Income Tax The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $30.8 million resulting from a source of future taxable income attributable to the net credit to additional paid-in capital of $25.6 million related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, offset by the partial extinguishment of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and $5.2 million of income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the recognition of net deferred tax liabilities in connection with the acquisition of Giner ELX. This resulted in a corresponding reduction in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. The net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s current period NOL has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the NOL carry forward will not be realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on the Interest and other expense, net line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 of $0 and $9.3 million (as restated), respectively. The 2018 income tax benefit resulted from a source of future taxable income attributable to the net credit to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes, as restated.” The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. Liquidity and Capital Resources During 2020, the Company issued and sold 79.0 million shares in two separate, registered equity offerings, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.3 billion. See Note 16, “Stockholders’ Equity.” In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers. See Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes.” As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $1.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $321.9 million of restricted cash. In January and February 2021, the Company issued and sold in another registered equity offering an aggregate of 32,200,000 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $65.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.8 billion. Furthermore in February 2021, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its common stock in connection with a strategic partnership with SK Holdings to accelerate the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Asian markets. The Company sold 54,996,188 shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of SK Holdings at a purchase price of $29.2893 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion. See Note 23, “Subsequent Events.” The Company has continued to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common stockholders of $596.2 million, $85.6 million and $85.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively (2019 and 2018 as restated). The Company’s cash used in operations totaled $155.5 million, $53.3 million, and $58.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.9 billion at December 31, 2020. The Company’s significant obligations consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020:
49
The Company believes that its current working capital of $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020, which includes cash and cash equivalents of $1.3 billion, together with proceeds from the January 2021 registered equity offering and SK Group investment, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for a least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The Company plans to invest a portion of its available cash to expand its current production and manufacturing capacity and to fund strategic acquisitions and partnerships and capital projects. Future use of the Company’s funds is discretionary and the Company believes that its future working capital and cash position will be sufficient to fund operations even after these growth investments. Public and Private Offerings of Equity and Debt Common Stock Issuances In February 2021, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its common stock in connection with a strategic partnership with SK Holdings to accelerate the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Asian markets. The Company sold 54,966,188 shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of SK Holdings at a purchase price of $29.2893 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion In January and February 2021, the Company issued and sold in a registered equity offering an aggregate of 32,200,000 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $65.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.8 billion. See Note 23, “Subsequent Events.” In November 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 43,700,000 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $22.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $927.3 million. In August 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 35,276,250 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $10.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $344.4 million. On April 13, 2020, the Company entered into the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley Financial (“B. Riley”), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through B. Riley, shares of Company common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. As of the date of this filing, the Company has not issued any shares of common stock pursuant to the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement. In December 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered public offering an aggregate of 46 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $120.4 million. In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $23.5 million. Prior to December 31, 2019, the Company entered into a previous At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley, which was terminated in the fourth quarter of 2019. Under this At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, for the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 6.3 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $14.5 50 million and for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3.8 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $7.0 million. Convertible Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $205.1 million. The Company used $90.2 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase $66.3 million of the $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. In addition, the Company used approximately $16.3 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to enter into privately negotiated capped called transactions. In the fourth quarter of 2020, $33.5 million of the remaining 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were converted into 14.6 million shares of common stock, resulting in a gain of approximately $4.5 million which was recorded on the consolidated statement of operations on the gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt line. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $160 thousand aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding, all of which were converted to common stock in January 2021. In September 2019, the Company issued $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% convertible senior note due 2023, which we refer to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. The Company’s total obligation, net of interest accretion, due to the holder was $48.0 million. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $39.1 million. On July 1, 2020, the note automatically converted fully into 16.0 million shares of common stock. Secured Debt In March 2019, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the “Loan Agreement”), with Generate Lending, LLC (“Generate Capital”), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). The Company used the proceeds to pay off in full the Company’s previous loan with NY Green Bank a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development (“Green-Bank Loan”) and terminate and re-purchase certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. This loss was recorded in gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company borrowed an incremental $20 million in November 2019. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company, under another series of amendments to the Loan Agreement, borrowed an incremental $100 million. As part of the amendment to the Loan Agreement, the Company’s interest rate on the secured term loan facility was reduced to 9.50% from 12.00% per annum, and the maturity date was extended to October 31, 2025 from October 6, 2022. On December 31, 2020, the outstanding balance under the Term Loan Facility was $165.8 million. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis. Principal payments are funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 22, “Commitments and Contingencies, as restated.” Based on the amortization schedule as of December 31, 2020, the loan balance under the Term Loan Facility will be fully paid by October 31, 2025. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has 51 the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. Additionally, $1.75 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees due in connection with the GreenBank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received $250 thousand from escrow related to the New York state employment targets. The Company received an additional $700 thousand in March 2021 for meeting the employment targets and this amount was recorded in short-term other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. The Company did not meet the deployment targets and charged-off the balance of $800 thousand to interest expense as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020 the Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance as of each of the following dates not to exceed the following (in thousands):
Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. At issuance in May 2020, the total net proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes were as follows:
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, including the 52 Company’s $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “5.5% Convertible Senior Notes”), effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of its current or future subsidiaries. Holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 in the following circumstances:
On or after December 1, 2024, the holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. The initial conversion rate for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes is 198.6196 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.03 per share of the Company’s common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. During January and February of 2021, $15.2 million of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes were converted and the Company has issued 3.0 million shares in conjunction with these conversions. In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2023 and before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal 53 to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In accounting for the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $75.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $130.3 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 29.0%. The equity component of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $7.0 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $6.4 million and other issuance costs of $0.6 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.6 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $4.4 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $33.91 on December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the note at December 31, 2020 was approximately $1.3 billion. Fair value estimation was primarily based on a stock exchange, active trade on December 29, 2020 of the 3.75% Senior Convertible Note. The Company considers this a Level 1 fair value measurement. Refer to Note 4, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.3 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the 54 case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. 7.5% Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, in exchange for On July 1, 2020, the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note automatically converted into 16.0 million shares of common stock. 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to finance the cash portion of the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, which consisted of a repurchase of approximately $66.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate consideration of $128.9 million, consisting of approximately $90.2 million in cash and approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the $128.9 million in aggregate consideration, $35.5 million and $93.4 million were allocated to the debt and equity components, respectively, utilizing an effective discount rate of 29.8% to determine the fair value of the liability component. As of the repurchase date, the carrying value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes that were repurchased, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $48.7 million. The partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. In the fourth quarter of 2020, $33.5 million of the remaining 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes converted into 14.6 million shares of common stock which resulted in a gain of approximately $4.5 million which was recorded on the consolidated statement of operations on the gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt line. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $160 thousand aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding, all of which were converted to common stock in January 2021. Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into the 5.5% Notes Capped Call with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be. The net cost incurred in connection with the 5.5% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets. 55 In conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company terminated 100% of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call on June 5, 2020. As a result of the termination, the Company received $24.2 million which was recorded in additional paid-in capital. Common Stock Forward In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction, or the Common Stock Forward, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. In connection with the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and the partial payoff of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the consolidated balance sheets during 2018. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The book value of the Common Stock Forward is not remeasured. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Common Stock Forward was partially settled and, as a result, the Company received 4.4 million shares of its common stock. Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, a warrant (the “Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares was conditioned upon payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. Under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant, the first tranche of 5,819,652 of the Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon execution, and the remaining Amazon Warrant Shares vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The $6.7 million fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense upon execution of the Amazon Warrant during 2017. Provision for the second and third tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is recorded as a reduction of revenue, because they represent consideration payable to a customer. The fair value of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares was measured at January 1, 2019, upon adoption of ASU 2019-08. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares cliff-vested in four equal installments, as Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, made an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The last installment of the second tranche vested on November 2, 2020. Revenue reductions of $9.0 million, $4.1 million and $9.8 million associated with the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares were recorded in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant. 56 Under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares vests in eight equal installments, as Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The measurement date for the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares was November 2, 2020, when their exercise price was determined, as discussed further below. The fair value of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares on that date was determined to be $10.57 each. During 2020, revenue reductions of $24.1 million associated with the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares were recorded under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant, prior to the December 31, 2020 waiver described below. On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the Amazon Warrant, which resulted in the immediate vesting of the 20,368,784 unvested third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares and recognition of an additional $399.7 million reduction to revenue. The $399.7 million reduction to revenue resulting from the December 31, 2020 waiver was determined based upon a probability assessment of whether the underlying shares would have vested under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant. Based upon the Company’s projections of probable future cash collections from Amazon (i.e., a Type I share based payment modification), a reduction of revenue associated with 5,354,905 Amazon Warrant Shares was recognized at their previously measured November 2, 2020 fair value of $10.57 per warrant. A reduction of revenue associated with the remaining 12,730,490 Amazon Warrant Shares was recognized at their December 31, 2020 fair value of $26.95 each, based upon the Company’s assessment that associated future cash collections from Amazon were not deemed probable (i.e., a Type III share based payment modification). The $399.7 million reduction to revenue was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 because the Company concluded such amount was not recoverable from the margins expected from probable future revenues attributable to Amazon, and no exclusivity or other rights were conferred to the Company in connection with the December 31, 2020 waiver. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 55,286,696 and 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 and 2018 was $420.0 million, $4.1 million, and $9.8 million, respectively. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is $1.1893 per share. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares is $13.81 per share, which was determined pursuant to the terms of the Amazon Warrant as an amount equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the Company’s common stock as of November 2, 2020, the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant is exercisable through April 4, 2027. The Amazon Warrant provides for net share settlement that, if elected by the holder, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant provides for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. The Amazon Warrant is classified as an equity instrument. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant (the “Walmart Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Walmart Warrant Shares is conditioned upon payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. 57 The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement and was fully exercised as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the consolidated statements of operations during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares vests in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant is exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant provides for net share settlement that, if elected by the holder, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant provides for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. The Walmart Warrant is classified as an equity instrument. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 13,094,217 and 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $5.0 million, $2.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Lessee Obligations As of December 31, 2020, the Company had operating leases, as lessee, primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows (see also Note 1, “Nature of Operations”) as summarized below. These leases expire over the next one to nine years. Minimum rent payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At the end of the lease term, the leased assets may be returned to the lessor by the Company, the Company may negotiate with the lessor to purchase the assets at fair market value, or the Company may negotiate with the lessor to renew the lease at market rental rates. No residual value guarantees are contained in the leases. No financial covenants are contained within the lease, however there are customary operational covenants such as assurance the Company properly maintains the leased assets and carries appropriate insurance, etc. The leases include credit support in the form of either cash, collateral or letters of credit. See Note 22, “Commitments and Contingencies, as restated,” for a description of cash held as security associated with the leases. The Company has finance leases associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York and at fueling customer locations. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of December 31, 2020. 58 Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Rental expense for all operating leases was $22.3 million, $14.6 million and $10.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The gross profit on sale/leaseback transactions for all operating leases was $61.0 million, $26.2 million and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities was $58.5 million and $37.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the right of use assets associated with operating leases was $117.0 million and $63.3 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $48.6 million and $23.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the right of use assets associated with finance leases was $5.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $102 thousand and $32 thousand at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $5.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, and were included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Other information related to the operating leases are presented in the following table:
Finance lease costs include amortization of the right of use assets (i.e., depreciation expense) and interest on lease liabilities (i.e., interest and other expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations), and were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities were $4.1 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 59 Other information related to the finance leases are presented in the following table:
The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2020 was $157.7 million, $24.2 million and $133.5 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2019 was $112.4 million, $16.8 million and $95.6 million (as restated) of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively. The amount is amortized using the effective interest method. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of December 31, 2020. In prior periods, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as part of finance obligations. The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $23.9 million and $31.7 million (as restated), respectively. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of both December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Future minimum payments under finance obligations noted above as of December 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
Other information related to the above finance obligations are presented in the following table:
The Company has outstanding obligations to Wells Fargo under several Master Lease Agreements totaling $93.2 million at December 31, 2020. These outstanding obligations are included in operating lease liabilities, finance lease liabilities, and finance obligations. Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $170.4 million was required to be restricted as a security deposit as of December 31, 2020, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of December 31, 2020, the Company also had certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $152.4 million 60 that are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, for which the requirements wind down over the lease terms and commensurately the restricted cash will be released. The Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million at December 31, 2020 associated with a finance lease of its building. We consider cash collateralizing this letter of credit as restricted cash. Contractual Obligations Contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020, under agreements with non-cancelable terms are as follows (in thousands):
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a current or future significant effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. 61 Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, and contingencies. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the following are our most critical accounting estimates and assumptions the Company must make in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. Revenue Recognition The Company enters into contracts that may contain one or a combination of fuel cell systems and infrastructure, installation, maintenance, spare parts, fuel delivery and other support services. Contracts containing fuel cell systems and related infrastructure may be sold directly to customers or provided to customers under a PPA, discussed further below. The Company does not include a right of return on its products other than rights related to standard warranty provisions that permit repair or replacement of defective goods. The Company accrues for anticipated standard warranty costs at the same time that revenue is recognized for the related product, or when circumstances indicate that warranty costs will be incurred, as applicable. Any prepaid amounts would only be refunded to the extent services have not been provided or the fuel cell systems or infrastructure have not been delivered. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price specified in a contract with a customer, subject to the allocation of the transaction price to distinct performance obligations as discussed below. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a product or service to a customer. Promises to the customer are separated into performance obligations, and are accounted for separately if they are (1) capable of being distinct and (2) distinct in the context of the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation to be distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and the Company’s promise to transfer the goods or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company allocates revenue to each distinct performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices. Payment terms for sales of fuel cells, infrastructure and service to customers are typically 30 to 90 days. Sale/leaseback transactions with financial institutions are invoiced and collected upon transaction closing. Service is prepaid upfront in a majority of the arrangements. The Company does not adjust the transaction price for a significant financing component when the performance obligation is expected to be fulfilled within a year. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company presents the provision for common stock warrants within each revenue-related line item on the consolidated statements of operations. This presentation reflects a discount that those common stock warrants represent, and therefore revenue is net of these non-cash charges. The provision of common stock warrants is allocated to the relevant revenue-related line items based upon the expected mix of the revenue for each respective contract. See Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements,” for more details. 62 Nature of goods and services The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.
Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The Company uses a variety of information sources in determining standalone selling prices for fuel cells systems and related infrastructure. For GenDrive fuel cells, given the nascent nature of the Company’s market, the Company considers several inputs, including prices from a limited number of standalone sales as well as the Company’s negotiations with customers. The Company also considers its costs to
Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. The Company uses an adjusted market assessment approach to determine standalone selling prices for services. This approach considers market conditions and constraints, the Company’s market share, pricing strategies and objectives while maximizing the use of available observable inputs obtained from a limited number of historical standalone service renewal prices and negotiations with customers. The transaction price allocated to services as discussed above is generally recognized as revenue over time on a straight-line basis over the expected service period, as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of routine, recurring maintenance performed throughout the contract period. In substantially all of its commercial transactions, the Company sells extended maintenance contracts that generally provide for a five-to-ten-year service period from the date of product installation in exchange for an up-front payment. Services include monitoring, technical support, maintenance and services that provide for 97% to 98% uptime of the fleet. These services are accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and accordingly, revenue generated from these transactions, subject to the proportional allocation of transaction price, is deferred and recognized as revenue over the term of the contract, generally on a straight-line basis. Additionally, the Company may enter into annual service and extended maintenance contracts that are billed monthly. Revenue generated from these transactions is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Costs are recognized as incurred over the term of the contract. When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of the extended maintenance contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a loss accrual of $24.0 million and $3.7 million respectively (2019 restated). Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives. The actual results may differ from these estimates. See “Extended Maintenance Contracts” below. 63 Extended maintenance contracts generally do not contain customer renewal options. Upon expiration, customers may either negotiate a contract extension or switch to purchasing spare parts and maintaining the fuel cell systems on their own.
Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access for the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with these agreements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements as the customers receive the benefits from the Company’s performance of the services. The customers receive services ratably over the contract term. In conjunction with entering into a PPA with a customer, the Company may enter into transactions with third-party financial institutions in which it receives proceeds from the sale/leaseback transactions of the equipment and the sale of future service revenue. The proceeds from the financial institution are allocated between the sale of equipment and the sale of future service revenue based on the relative standalone selling prices of equipment and service. The proceeds allocated to the sale of future services are recognized as finance obligations. The proceeds allocated to the sale of the equipment are evaluated to determine if the transaction meets the criteria for sale/leaseback accounting. To meet the sale/leaseback criteria, control of the equipment must transfer to the financial institution, which requires among other criteria the leaseback to meet the criteria for an operating lease and the Company must not have a right to repurchase the equipment (unless specific criteria are met). These transactions typically meet the criteria for sale/leaseback accounting and accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue on the sale of the equipment, and separately recognizes the leaseback obligations. The Company recognizes a lease liability for the equipment leaseback obligation based on the present value of the future payments to the financial institutions that are attributed to the equipment leaseback. The discount rate used to determine the lease liability is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which is based on an analysis of the interest rates on the Company’s secured borrowings. Adjustments that considered the Company’s actual borrowing rate, inclusive of securitization, as well as borrowing rates for companies of similar credit quality, were applied in the determination of the incremental borrowing rate. The Company also records a right of use asset which is amortized over the term of the leaseback. Rental expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the leaseback and is included as a cost of PPA revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. Certain of the Company’s transactions with financial institutions do not meet the criteria for sale/leaseback accounting and accordingly, no equipment sale is recognized. All proceeds from these transactions are accounted for as finance obligations. The right of use assets related to these transactions are classified as equipment related to the PPAs and fuel delivered to the customers, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Costs to service the property, depreciation of the assets related to PPAs and fuel delivered to the customers, and other related costs are included in cost of PPA revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company uses its transaction-date incremental borrowing rate as the interest rate for its finance obligations that arise from these transactions. No additional adjustments to the incremental borrowing rate have been deemed necessary for the finance obligations that have resulted from the failed sale/leaseback transactions. In determining whether the sales of fuel cells and other equipment to financial institutions meet the requirements for revenue recognition under sale/leaseback accounting, the Company, as lessee, determines the classification of the lease. The Company estimates certain key inputs to the associated calculations such as: 1) discount rate used to determine the present value of future lease payments, 2) fair value of the fuel cells and equipment, and 3) useful life of the underlying asset(s):
64
Revenue associated with fuel The Company purchases hydrogen fuel from suppliers in most cases (and sometimes produces hydrogen onsite) and sells to its customers. Revenue and cost of revenue related to this fuel is recorded as dispensed and is included in the respective “Fuel delivered to customers” lines on the consolidated statements of operations. Contract costs The Company expects that incremental commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining sales contracts are recoverable and therefore the Company capitalizes them as contract costs. Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of time which the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate occur, typically ranging from 5 to 10 years. Amortization of the capitalized commission fees is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and PPA Executory Contract Considerations We evaluate long-lived assets on a quarterly basis to identify events or changes in circumstances (“triggering events”) that indicate the carrying value of certain assets may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets that we evaluate include right of use lease assets, equipment deployed to our PPAs, assets related primarily to our fuel delivery business and other company owned long-lived assets. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, long-lived assets are evaluated to determine if the carrying amounts are recoverable. The determination of recoverability is made based upon the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows of assets grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of the cash flows of other groups. For operating assets, the Company has generally determined that the lowest level of identifiable cash flows is based on the customer sites. The assets related primarily to our fuel delivery business are considered to be their own asset group. The cash flows are estimated based on the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. For assets related to our PPA agreements, we consider all underlying cash inflows related to our contract revenues and cash outflows relating to the costs incurred to service the PPAs. Our cash flow estimates used in the recoverability test, are based upon, among other things, historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future cash flows and operating performance. Development of future cash flows also requires us to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including timing of future expected cash flows, future cost savings initiatives, and determining recovery values. Changes to our key assumptions related to future performance and other economic and market factors could adversely affect the outcome of our recoverability tests and cause more asset groups to be tested for impairment. 65 If the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows for a given asset group are less than the carrying amount of the related asset group, an impairment loss is determined by comparing the estimated fair value with the carrying amount of the asset group. The impairment loss is then allocated to the long-lived assets in the asset group based on the asset’s relative carrying amounts. However, assets are not impaired below their then estimated fair values. Fair value is generally determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as well as year-over-year trends in pricing of our new equipment and overall evaluation of our industry and market, as considered necessary. The Company considers these indicators with certain of its own internal indices and metrics in determining fair value in light of the nascent state of the Company’s market and industry. The estimate of fair value represents our best estimates of these factors and is subject to variability. Changes to our key assumptions related to future performance and other economic and market factors could adversely affect our impairment evaluation. The Company has determined that the assets deployed for certain PPA arrangements are not recoverable based on the undiscounted estimated future cash flows of the asset group. However, the estimated fair value of the assets in the asset group equal or exceed the carrying amount of the assets or otherwise limit the amount of impairment that would have been recognized. The Company has identified the primary source of the losses as the maintenance components of the PPA arrangements and the impact of customer warrant non-cash provisions. As the PPA arrangements are considered to be executory contracts and there is no specific accounting guidance that permits loss recognition for these revenue contracts, the Company has not recognized a provision for the expected future losses under these revenue arrangements. The Company expects that it will recognize future losses for these arrangements as it continues its efforts to reduce costs of delivering the maintenance component of these arrangements. The Company has estimated total future revenues and costs for these types of arrangements based on existing contracts and leverage of the related assets. For the future estimates, the Company used service cost estimates for extended maintenance contracts and customer warrant provisions at rates consistent with experience to date. The terms for the underlying estimates vary but the average residual term on the existing contracts is 5 years. Based on the future estimates with these assumptions, the losses could approximate $120 million. This estimate includes $75 million in non-cash charges for depreciation and provision for customer warrants. Actual results could be significantly different than these estimates. Extended Maintenance Contracts On a quarterly basis, we evaluate any potential losses related to our extended maintenance contracts for fuel cell systems and related infrastructure that has been sold. We measure impairment losses at the customer contract level. The expected revenues and expenses for these contracts include all applicable expected costs of providing services over the remaining term of the contracts and the related unearned net revenue. A loss is recognized if the sum of expected costs of providing services under the contract exceeds related unearned net revenue and is recorded as a provision for loss contracts related to service in the consolidated statement of operations. A key component of these estimates is the expected future service costs. In estimating the expected future costs, the Company considers its current service cost level and applies significant judgment related to expected cost saving initiatives. The expected future cost savings will be primarily dependent upon the success of the Company’s initiatives related to increasing stack life, achieving better economies of scale for service labor, and improvements in design and operations of infrastructure. If the expected cost saving initiatives are not realized, this will increase the costs of providing services and could adversely affect our estimated contract loss accrual. If actual service costs over the remaining term of existing extended maintenance contracts are 10% more than estimated in the determination of the loss accrual for fuel cell systems and related infrastructure at December 31, 2020, the loss accrual would have been approximately $7.1 million higher. 66 The following table shows the rollforward of balance in the accrual for loss contracts, including changes due to the passage of time, additions and changes in estimates (in thousands):
Equity Instruments Common stock warrants that meet certain applicable requirements of ASC Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and other related guidance, including the ability of the Company to settle the warrants without the issuance of registered shares or the absence of rights of the grantee to require cash settlement, are accounted for as equity instruments. The Company classifies these equity instruments within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. Common stock warrants accounted for as equity instruments represent the warrants issued to Amazon and Walmart as discussed in Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update 2019-08, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2019-08), which requires entities to measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance under Topic 718, as of January 1, 2019. In order to calculate warrant charges, the Company used the Black-Scholes pricing model, which required key inputs including volatility and risk-free interest rate and certain unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. The Company estimated the fair value of unvested warrants, considered to be probable of vesting, at the time. Based on that estimated fair value, the Company determined warrant charges, which are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. Also, in April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract In January 2017, ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 and determined there to be no impact to the consolidated financial statements. 67 Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). This ASU simplifies the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. More specifically, the amendments focus on the guidance for convertible instruments and derivative scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity. Under ASU 2020-06, the embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument, such as the Company’s 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The new guidance also requires the if-converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments and requires additional disclosures. This guidance is required to be adopted by January 1, 2022, and early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company has elected to early adopt this guidance on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. Under this transition method, the cumulative effect of accounting change removed the impact of recognizing the equity component of the Company’s convertible notes at issuance and the subsequent accounting impact of additional interest expense from debt discount amortization. The cumulative effect of the accounting change upon adoption on January 1, 2021 increased the carrying amount of the convertible notes by $120.7 million, reduced accumulated deficit by $9.5 million and reduced additional paid-in capital by $130.2 million. Future interest expense of the convertible notes will be lower as a result of adoption of this guidance and net loss per share will be computed using the if-converted method for convertible instruments. In March 2020, ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update was effective starting March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, ASU 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, was issued to make various codification improvements to financial instruments to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. This update will be effective at various dates beginning with date of issuance of this ASU. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, was issued to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. This update will be effective beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Comparison of three-and-nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019- Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying restated unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements disclosed in financial statement Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. 68 Results of Operations, as restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2019-08, with retrospective adoption as of January 1, 2019. As a result, the amount recorded as a reduction of revenue was measured based on the grant-date fair value of the warrants. Previously, this amount was measured based on vesting date fair value with estimates of fair value determined at each financial reporting date for unvested warrant shares considered to be probable of vesting. Except for the third tranche, all existing unvested warrants are using a measurement date of January 1, 2019, the adoption date, in accordance ASU 2019-08. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
69 Net revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, as restated, were as follows (in thousands):
Net Revenue Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $44.8 million (as restated), or 115.2% (as restated), to $83.7 million (as restated) from $38.9 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $16.1 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, change in product mix, variations in customer programs, and an increase in hydrogen installations, offset partially by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. There were 3,709 GenDrive units recognized as revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 1,513 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. There was hydrogen infrastructure revenue associated with 13 hydrogen sites during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $71.7 million (as restated), or 89.5% (as restated), to $151.9 million (as restated) from $80.1 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $19.3 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, change in product mix, variations in customer programs, and an increase in hydrogen installations, offset partially by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. There were 7,217 GenDrive units recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 6,058 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There was hydrogen infrastructure revenue associated with 18 hydrogen sites during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to two during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months 70 ended September 30, 2020 increased $0.6 million, or 10.1%, to $6.8 million as compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue was additional contractual revenue associated with higher utilization of GenDrive units and an increase in units under service maintenance contracts, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $1.7 million, or 9.5%, to $19.6 million as compared to $17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.4 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue was additional contractual revenue associated with higher utilization of GenDrive units and an increase in units under service maintenance contracts, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $0.1 million (as restated), or 1.7% (as restated), to $6.6 million (as restated) from $6.5 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.8 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the increase in units associated with PPAs, offset in part by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $0.7 million (as restated), or 3.9% (as restated), to $19.6 million (as restated) from $18.9 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.9 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the increase in units associated with PPAs, offset in part by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased $2.2 million, or 28.5%, to $9.8 million from $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.0 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of sites with fuel contracts in 2020, compared to 2019, and an increase in the price of fuel, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $3.2 million, or 15.1%, to $24.5 million from $21.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $2.6 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of sites with fuel contracts in 2020, compared to 2019, an increase in the price of fuel and an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased 175.7% (as restated), or $44.2 million (as restated), to $69.4 million (as restated), compared to $25.2 71 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume and increase in hydrogen installations. There were 3,709 GenDrive units recognized as revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 1,513 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Revenue associated with 13 hydrogen installations was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure decreased to 17.0% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 35.2% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased 130.8% (as restated), or $66.5 million (as restated), to $117.3 million (as restated), compared to $50.8 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume and increase in hydrogen installations. There were 7,217 GenDrive units recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 6,058 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Revenue associated with 13 hydrogen installations was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to zero during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure decreased to 22.8% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 36.6% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased 17.7% (as restated), or $1.4 million (as restated), to $9.2 million (as restated), compared to $7.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (34.4)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to (25.7)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased 18.8% (as restated), or $4.3 million (as restated), to $27.3 million (as restated), compared to $23.0 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (39.4)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to (28.4)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue – provision for loss contracts related to service. The Company also recorded a provision for loss contracts related to service of $25.1 million (as restated) in the third quarter of 2020, an increase of $25.4 million (as restated) from ($206 thousand) (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loss accrual in the third quarter of 2020 was driven primarily by an increase in estimated projected costs to service units and an increase in the number of service contracts during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2019. The Company determined during the third quarter of 2020, based on historical experience, that certain cost down initiatives were taking longer to achieve than originally estimated. As a result, the Company increased its estimated projected costs to service fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. The Company entered into 10 new service contracts during the third quarter of 2020 compared to zero during the third quarter of 2019. Additionally, the Company determined during the third quarter of 2020 that the projected provision for the Amazon Warrant would be significantly higher than previously experienced. The Company also recorded a provision for loss contracts related to service of $25.9 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $26.4 million (as restated) from ($407 thousand) (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in the provision for loss accrual for the first nine months of 2020 was driven primarily by an increase in estimated projected costs to service units and an increase in the number of service contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company determined during the third quarter of 2020, based on historical experience, that certain cost down initiatives were taking longer to achieve than originally estimated. As a result, the Company increased its estimated projected costs to service fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. The Company entered into 15 new service contracts during the first 72 nine months of 2020 compared to zero during the first nine months of 2019. Additionally, the Company determined during the third quarter of 2020 that the projected provision for the Amazon Warrant would be significantly higher than previously experienced. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes depreciation of assets utilized and service costs to fulfill PPA obligations and interest costs associated with certain financial institutions for leased equipment. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased 36.3% (as restated), or $3.9 million (as restated), to $14.7 million (as restated) from $10.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (122.4)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to (65.9)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased 49.3% (as restated), or $14.5 million (as restated), to $44.0 million (as restated) from $29.5 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (124.3)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to (56.0)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers and costs for onsite generation. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased 52.5% (as restated), or $5.9 million (as restated), to $17.0 million (as restated) from $11.1 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher volume of hydrogen delivered to customer sites as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs. Gross margin decreased to (72.9)% (as restated) during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to (45.8)% (as restated) during the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in cost of fuel paid to suppliers and an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased 21.2% (as restated), or $6.9 million (as restated), to $39.3 million (as restated) from $32.4 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher volume of hydrogen delivered to customer sites as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs. Gross margin decreased to (60.3)% (as restated) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to (52.2)% (as restated) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in cost of fuel paid to suppliers and an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Expenses Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the 73 Research and development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $6.9 million (as restated), or 67.4% (as restated), to $17.0 million (as restated), from $10.1 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to additional R&D program investments such as programs associated with improvement of fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks, drone applications, and increase in headcount. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the
Interest
Common Stock Warrant Liability The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of
Contingent Consideration In the 74 Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt
In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase approximately $66.3 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes which resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. In March of 2019, the Company restructured its long-term debt with New York Green Bank, which resulted in a loss on early debt extinguishment of $0.5 million. Income Tax The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s current period
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of equity and debt, as
well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings. The Company believes that its current working capital
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $71.7 million and included net cash paid for acquisitions, purchases of intangible assets, purchases of property, plant and equipment, and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $590.2 million (as restated) and primarily resulted from the issuance of shares of common stock and convertible senior notes, and proceeds from borrowing on long-term debt, offset by the repurchase of convertible senior notes and purchase of related capped calls.
In August 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 35,276,250 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $10.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $344.4 million.
In December 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered public offering an aggregate of 46 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $120.4 million. Prior to December 31, 2019, the Company entered into a previous ATM with FBR, which was terminated in the fourth quarter of 2019. Under this ATM, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 6.3 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $14.6 million. In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per 76 Convertible Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% convertible senior notes due 2025, which we refer to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $205.1 million. The Company used $90.2 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase $66.3 million of the $100 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, which we refer to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. In addition, the Company used approximately $16.3 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to enter into privately negotiated capped called transactions.In October 2020, $28.0 million of the remaining 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes converted into 12.2 million shares of common stock. In September 2019, the Company issued a $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% convertible senior note due 2023, which we refer to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. The Company’s total obligation, net of interest accretion, due to the holder was $48.0 million. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $39.1 million. On July 1, 2020, the note automatically converted fully into 16.0 million shares of common stock. Operating and Finance Leases The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Transactions completed under the sale/leaseback arrangements are generally accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure are recognized as revenue. In connection with certain sale/leaseback transactions, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against the Company’s finance obligations. As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at September 30, 2020 was $332.8 million, $286.2 million of which were secured with restricted cash, security deposits backing letters of credit, and pledged service escrows. The Company has varied master lease agreements with Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc., or Wells Fargo, to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with various customers. The Wells Fargo lease agreements were entered into during 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Pursuant to the lease agreements, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites. The Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions entered into in connection with such lease agreements. The Wells Fargo lease agreements required letters of credit totaling approximately $78.8 million for the unguaranteed portion as of September 30, 2020. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to Wells Fargo were $114.3 million at September 30, 2020. Over recent years, including in 2019, the Company has entered into master lease agreements with multiple institutions such as Key Equipment Finance (KeyBank), SunTrust Equipment Finance & Lease Corp. (now known as Truist Bank), First American Bancorp, Inc. (First American), Crestmark Equipment Finance (Crestmark) and U.S. Bank. During the nine months ended September 30 2020, the Company entered into additional lease agreements with KeyBank, First American, Truist Bank, Crestmark and U.S. Bank. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, the primary purpose of these agreements is to finance commercial transactions with varied customers. Most of the transactions with these financial institutions required cash collateral for the unguaranteed portions totaling $189.9 million as of September 30, 2020. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, in many cases the Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to these financial institutions were $218.5 million at September 30, 2020. Restricted Cash As security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $133.4 million was required to be restricted as of September 30, 2020, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of September 30, 2020, the 77 Company also had letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $149.3 million for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements. In addition, as of September 30, 2020, the Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. We consider cash collateralizing this letter of credit as restricted cash. Secured Debt In March 2019, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the Additionally, On The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, 78 making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. As of September 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. As of
Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, which is referred to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. At issuance in May 2020, the total net proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
79 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms.
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, including the Company’s $100 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, which is referred to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of its current or future subsidiaries. Holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 in the following circumstances:
On or after December 1, 2024, the holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. The initial conversion rate for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2023 and before the 80 three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In accounting for the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $75.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $130.3 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 29.0%. The equity component of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $7.0 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $6.4 million and other issuance costs of $0.6 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.6 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $4.4 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $13.41 on September 30, 2020, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the note at September 30, 2020 was approximately $532.3 million. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company’s stock price over the term of the note, incorporating a volatility assumption of 75%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. 81 Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (3.75% Notes Capped Call) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60%over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. 7.5% Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due on January 5, 2023, which is referred to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, in exchange for net proceeds of $39.1 million, in a private placement to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. There were no required principal payments prior to the maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. Upon maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, the Company was required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note bore interest at 7.5% per year, payable quarterly in arrears on January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5 of each year beginning on October 5, 2019 and was to mature on January 5, 2023 unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with its terms. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note was unsecured and did not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. On July 1, 2020, the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note automatically converted into 16.0 million shares of common stock. 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, which is referred to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to finance the cash portion of the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, which consisted of a repurchase of approximately $66.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate consideration of $128.9 million, consisting of approximately $90.2 million in cash and approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the $128.9 million in aggregate consideration, $35.5 million and $93.4 million were allocated to the debt and equity components, respectively, utilizing an effective discount rate of 29.8% to determine the fair value of the liability component. As of the repurchase date, the carrying value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes that were repurchased, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $48.7 million. The partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $33.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding. In October 2020, $28.0 million of the remaining 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes converted into 12.2 million shares of common stock. At issuance in March 2018, the total net proceeds from the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were as follows: 82
The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. Each $1,000 principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes is convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes or in 83 connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In accounting for the issuance of the notes, the Company separated the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $3.3 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
84 Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $13.41 on September 30, 2020, the if-converted value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $195.3 million and $135.3 million, respectively. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company’s stock price over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, incorporating a volatility assumption of 75%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (5.5% Notes Capped Call) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The 5.5% Notes Capped Call cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call is initially $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call. The 5.5% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 5.5% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. In conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company terminated 100% of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call on June 5, 2020. As a result of the termination, the Company received $24.2 million which is recorded in additional paid-in capital. Common Stock Forward In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction, or the Common Stock Forward, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. In connection with the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. In conjunction with the partial payoff of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Common Stock Forward’s expiration date was extended to June 1, 2025. The book values of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured. During October 2020, the Common Stock Forward was partially settled and, as a result, the Company received 3.5 million shares of its common stock. 85 Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Amazon Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the Amazon Warrant Shares), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares vested in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is $1.1893 per share. The third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares is $13.81, which is an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 27,643,347 and 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $17.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $22.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. During the third quarter of 2020, approximately $23.8 million of recorded revenue from Amazon was constrained by the tranche 3 of the Amazon Warrant Shares. An additional 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares vested on November 2, 2020, representing the final vesting of tranche 2, resulting in cumulative vesting in 34,917,912 Warrant Shares since the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. In accordance with terms of the Amazon Transaction Agreement as described above, upon final vesting of tranche 2, the tranche 3 Amazon Warrant Shares exercise price was determined to be $13.81 per share. Based on the exercise price of the third tranche of the Amazon Warrant Shares, among other things, the fair value of the 20,368,784 tranche 3 Amazon Warrant Shares is estimated to be $10.60 each, compared to the fair value of tranche 2 Amazon Warrant Shares of $1.05 each. The Company also recorded a provision for losses of $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2020 related to Amazon service contracts, caused primarily by the increase in the value of the tranche 3 warrants, driven by recent increases in the Company’s stock price. 86 Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Walmart Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the Walmart Warrant Shares). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 13,094,217 and 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $3.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of September 30, 2020, the Company had operating and finance leases, as lessee. These leases expire over the next one to eight years. Minimum rent payments under operating and finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At September 30, 2020, operating lease liabilities totaled $85.0 million (as restated), of which $10.6 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These operating leases were primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows, as summarized below. At September 30, 2020, finance lease liabilities totaled $2.8 million (as restated), of which 87 $0.4 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These finance lease liabilities are primarily associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York. The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. Additionally, the Company has entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as finance obligations. At September 30, 2020, finance obligations totaled $172.0 million (as restated), of which $31.3 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. Restricted Cash As security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $133.4 million was required to be restricted as of September 30, 2020, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of September 30, 2020, the Company also had letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $149.3 million for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements. In addition, as of September 30, 2020, the Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. We consider cash collateralizing this letter of credit as restricted cash. Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. The Company has established accruals for matters for which management considers a loss to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is the opinion of management that facts known at the present time do not indicate that such litigation, after taking into account insurance coverage and the aforementioned accruals, will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. Concentrations of Credit Risk Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has initial commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition. At September 30, 2020, one customer comprised approximately 84.5% of the total accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2019, two customers comprised approximately 63.4% of the total accounts receivable balance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 71.8% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with two customers. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, 62.3% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with three customers. For purposes of assigning a customer to a sale/leaseback transaction completed with a financial institution, the Company considers the end user of the assets to be the ultimate customer. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of September 30, 2020, the Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a current or future significant effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, 88 common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. Also, In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU requires a number of changes to the assessment of credit losses, including the utilization of an expected credit loss model, which requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the asset, including losses where probability is considered remote. Additionally, the standard requires the estimation of lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that are classified as current. The Company adopted these standards effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of the standards to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. In August 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)s: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in 2019 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-06, Debt – Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, was issued to address issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This update is effective after December 15, 2021. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued to provide temporary optional expedients and 89 exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update is effective starting March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, was issued to make various codification improvements to financial instruments to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. This update will be effective at various dates as described in this ASU. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, was issued to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. This update will be effective beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. Comparison of three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying restated unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements disclosed in financial statement Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Results of Operations as Restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2019-08, with retrospective adoption as of January 1, 2019. As a result, the amount recorded as a reduction of revenue was measured based on the grant-date fair value of the warrants. Previously, this amount was measured based on vesting date fair value with estimates of fair value determined at each financial reporting date for unvested warrant shares considered to be probable of vesting. Except for the third tranche, all existing unvested warrants are using a measurement date of January 1, 2019, the adoption date, in accordance ASU 2019-08. For the third tranche, the exercise price will be determined once the second tranche vests. The fair value will be determined at that time. 90 The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
Revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows, as restated, (in thousands):
Net Revenue Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $9.0 million (as restated), or 23.4% (as restated), to $47.7 million from $38.7 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $2.5 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, change in product mix, variations in customer programs, and an increase in hydrogen installations, offset partially by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. There were 2,683 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 1,997 for the three months ended June, 30 2019. There was hydrogen infrastructure revenue associated with five hydrogen sites during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $27.0 million (as restated), or 65.4% (as restated), to $68.2 million (as restated) from $41.3 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $3.1 million 91 and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, change in product mix, variations in customer programs, and an increase in hydrogen installations, offset partially by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. There were 3,508 units recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 2,091 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. There was hydrogen infrastructure revenue associated with eight hydrogen sites during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to zero during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $0.9 million, or 16.8%, to $6.2 million as compared to $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue was additional contractual revenue associated with higher utilization of units and an increase in units under service maintenance contracts, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $1.1 million, or 9.2%, to $12.8 million as compared to $11.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue was additional contractual revenue associated with higher utilization of units and an increase in units under service maintenance contracts, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $0.2 million (as restated), or 3.9% (as restated), to $6.6 million (as restated) from $6.3 million (as restated)for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the increase in units associated with PPAs, offset in part by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $0.6 million (as restated), or 5.1% (as restated), to $13.0 million (as restated) from $12.4 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.1 million and $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to the increase in units associated with PPAs, offset in part by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $0.3 million, or 4.0%, to $7.4 million from $7.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of sites with fuel contracts in 2020, compared to 2019, and an increase in the price of fuel, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $1.0 million, or 7.6%, to $14.7 million from $13.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.6 million and $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of sites with fuel contracts in 2020, compared to 2019, an increase in the price of fuel, and a decrease in the provision for common stock warrants. 92 Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased 45.3% (as restated), or $10.6 million (as restated), to $33.9 million (as restated), compared to $23.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume and increase in hydrogen installations. There were 2,683 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 1,997 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue associated with five hydrogen installations was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure decreased to 29.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 39.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to changes in product mix and customer profile mix. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased 86.7% (as restated), or $22.2 million (as restated), to $47.9 million (as restated), compared to $25.6 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume and increase in hydrogen installations. There were 3,508 units recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 2,091 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue associated with eight hydrogen installations was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to zero during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure decreased to 29.8% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 37.8% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to changes in product mix and customer profile mix. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 7.3% (as restated), or $0.6 million (as restated), to $7.8 million (as restated), compared to $8.4 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin increased to (24.6)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to (57.0)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, offset by incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased 19.4% (as restated), or $2.9 million (as restated), to $18.1 million (as restated), compared to $15.2 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (42.0)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to (29.9)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to an increase in hydrogen infrastructure sites under service contracts as well as incremental service costs during 2020 associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes depreciation of assets utilized and service costs to fulfill PPA obligations and interest costs associated with certain financial institutions for leased equipment. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased 64.3% (as restated), or $5.7 million (as restated), to $14.5 million (as restated) from $8.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (120.5)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to (39.4)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 93 Cost of revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased 56.9% (as restated), or $10.6 million (as restated), to $29.3 million from $18.7 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Gross margin decreased to (125.2)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to (50.9)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers and costs for onsite generation. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 0.6% (as restated), or $0.1 million (as restated), to $11.1 million (as restated) from $11.1 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to improved efficiencies of existing fuel sites, offset by higher volume of hydrogen delivered to customer sites as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs. Gross margin increased to (50.2)% (as restated) during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to (57.2)% (as restated) during the three months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to an increase in the number of sites, improved efficiencies on existing hydrogen sites, decrease in cost of fuel paid to suppliers, all of which was offset by the amount of provision for common stock warrants. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased 4.8% (as restated), or $1.0 million (as restated), to $22.3 million (as restated) from $21.3 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher volume of hydrogen delivered to customer sites as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs. Gross margin increased to (51.9)% (as restated) during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to (55.8)% (as restated) during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to improved efficiencies on existing hydrogen sites, offset by an increase in the amount of provision for common stock warrants. Expenses Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $1.3 million (as restated), or 35.1% (as restated), to $4.9 million (as restated), from $3.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to additional R&D program investments such as programs associated with improvement of fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks, drone applications, and increase in headcount. Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $3.0 million (as restated), or 45.9% (as restated), to $9.6 million (as restated), from $6.6 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to additional R&D program investments such as programs associated with improvement of fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks, drone applications, and increase in headcount. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, increased $8.0 million (as restated), or 59.0% (as restated), to $21.6 million (as restated) from $13.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended 94 June 30, 2019. This increase was primarily related to acquisition and debt restructuring charges in addition to increases in salaries, employee bonuses, stock-based compensation and headcount. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, increased $9.9 million (as restated), or 43.4% (as restated), to $32.7 million (as restated) from $22.8 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was primarily related to acquisition and debt restructuring charges in addition to increases in salaries, employee bonuses, stock-based compensation and headcount. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. Since June 30, 2019, the Company assumed approximately $120.0 million of additional long-term debt at 12% interest (which interest was reduced to 9.5% on May 6, 2020), issued a 7.5% Convertible Senior Note at 7.5% interest, issued $212.5 million convertible senior notes at 3.75% interest, and entered into additional sale/leaseback finance obligation arrangements. Net interest and other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $5.5 million (as restated), or 69.0% (as restated), as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was attributable to an increase in finance obligations, long-term debt and the issuance of the convertible senior note, as mentioned above. Net interest and other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $8.9 million (as restated), or 54.1% (as restated), as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was attributable to an increase in finance obligations, long-term debt and the issuance of the convertible senior note, as mentioned above. Common Stock Warrant Liability The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. All remaining common stock warrants were fully exercised in the fourth quarter of 2019. As such, there was no change in fair value as of June 30, 2020. Gain on Extinguishment of Debt Gain on Extinguishment of Debt. In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase approximately $66.3 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes which resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. Income Tax The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 of $12.4 million as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. In addition, the Company recorded $5.0 million (as restated) of income tax benefit related to net deferred tax liabilities recorded in connection with the acquisition of Giner ELX and the resulting release of valuation allowances. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, 95 growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as production and delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common stockholders of $46.9 million (as restated) and $47.9 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.4 billion (as restated) at June 30, 2020. We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of equity and debt, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity and debt offerings, including our at-the-market offering, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $111.9 million (as restated), consisting primarily of a net loss attributable to the Company of $46.8 million (as restated), and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $61.9 million (as restated). The changes in working capital primarily were related to increases in various current asset and liability accounts. As of June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $152.5 million and net working capital of $207.3 million (as restated). By comparison, at December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $139.5 million and net working capital of $179.7 million (as restated). Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 totaled $56.6 million and included net cash paid for acquisitions, purchases of property, plant and equipment, and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 totaled $182.2 million (as restated) and primarily resulted from the issuance of convertible senior notes, and proceeds from borrowing on long-term debt, offset by the repurchase of convertible senior notes and related capped calls. Public and Private Offerings of Equity and Debt Common Stock Issuances On April 13, 2020, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM), with B. Riley FBR, Inc., as sales agent, or FBR, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of Company common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. As of the date of this filing, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM. 96 In the second quarter of 2019, the Company issued 2.1 million shares of common stock pursuant to an ATM entered into with FBR, as sales agent, on April 3, 2017, resulting in net proceeds of $5.5 million. There were no sales under the ATM in the first quarter of 2019. In December 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered public offering an aggregate of 46 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $120.4 million. In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share for net proceeds of approximately $23.5 million. Convertible Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $212.8 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% convertible senior notes due 2025, which we refer to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $205.1 million. The Company used $90.2 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to repurchase $66.3 million of the $100 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, which we refer to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. In addition, the Company used approximately $15.3 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to enter into privately negotiated capped called transactions. In September 2019, the Company issued a $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% convertible senior note due 2023, which we refer to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. The Company’s total obligation, net of interest accretion, due to the holder was $48.0 million. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were $39.1 million. As of June 30, 2020, the outstanding balance of the note, net of related discount and issuance costs, was $41.0 million. On July 1, 2020, the note automatically converted fully into 16.0 million shares of common stock. Operating and Finance Leases The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Transactions completed under the sale/leaseback arrangements are generally accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure are recognized as revenue. In connection with certain sale/leaseback transactions, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against the Company’s finance obligations. As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at June 30, 2020 was $293.7 million, $233.8 million of which were secured with restricted cash, security deposits backing letters of credit, and pledged service escrows. The Company has varied master lease agreements with Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc., or Wells Fargo, to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with various customers. The Wells Fargo lease agreements were entered into during 2017, 2018, and 2019. No sale/leaseback transactions were entered with Wells Fargo during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Pursuant to the lease agreements, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites. The Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions entered into in connection with such lease agreements. The Wells Fargo lease agreements required letters of credit for the unguaranteed portion totaling $50.6 million as of June 30, 2020. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to Wells Fargo were $103.2 million at June 30, 2020. Over recent years, including in 2019, the Company has entered into master lease agreements with multiple institutions such as Key Equipment Finance (KeyBank), SunTrust Equipment Finance & Lease Corp. (now known as Truist Bank), and First American Bancorp, Inc. (First American). In the first half of 2020, the Company entered into additional lease agreements with KeyBank, First American and Truist Bank. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, 97 the primary purpose of these agreements is to finance commercial transactions with varied customers. Most of the transactions with these financial institutions required cash collateral for the unguaranteed portions totaling $172.3million as of June 30, 2020. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, in many cases the Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to these financial institutions were $190.5 million at June 30, 2020. Restricted Cash As security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $131.1 million was required to be restricted as of June 30, 2020, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of June 30, 2020, the Company also had letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $98.2 million for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements. In addition, as of June 30, 2020, the Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. We consider cash collateralizing this letter of credit as restricted cash. Secured Debt In March 2019, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the Loan Agreement), with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100.0 million (the Term Loan Facility). The Company borrowed $85.0 million under the Loan Agreement on the date of closing and borrowed an additional $15.0 million in April 2019 and $20 million in November 2019. A portion of the initial proceeds of the loan was used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority, including accrued interest of $17.6 million (the Green Bank Loan), and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC and repurchase the associated leased equipment. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. This loss was recorded in interest and other expenses, net in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, $1.7 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees due in connection with the Green Bank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. Amount escrowed is recorded in long-term other assets on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020. The Company presently expects to meet the targets as required under the arrangement. Additionally, on May 6, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries, Emerging Power, Inc. and Emergent Power, Inc., entered into a Fifth Amendment (the Amendment) to the Loan Agreement and Security Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2019, as amended (the Loan Agreement) with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital). The Amendment amends the Loan Agreement to, among other things, (i) provide for an incremental term loan in the amount of $50.0 million, (ii) provide for additional, uncommitted incremental term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed $50.0 million, which may become available to the Company in Generate Capital’s sole discretion, (iii) reduce the interest rate on all loans to 9.50% from 12.00% per annum, and (iv) extend the maturity date to October 31, 2025 from October 6, 2022. The $50 million incremental term loan has been fully funded. In connection with the restructuring, the Company capitalized $1.0 million of origination fees and expensed $300 thousand in legal fees. On June 30, 2020, the outstanding balance under the Term Loan Facility was $141.2 million with a 9.5% interest rate. On July 10, 2020 the Company borrowed an additional $25.0 million, under the amended Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies. Based on the amortization schedule as of June 30, 2020, the outstanding balance of $141.2 million under the Term Loan Facility will be fully paid by March 31, 2024. If addition term loans are funded, the entire then-outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, will be due and payable on the maturity date of October 31, 2025. 98 All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. As of June 30, 2020, the Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years amortization not to exceed the following (in thousands):
As of August 10, 2020, the Term Loan Facility, given the incremental borrowing subsequent to June 30, 2020, as described above, requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years amortization not to exceed the following (in thousands):
Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
99 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, which is referred to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, including the Company’s $100 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, which is referred to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of its current or future subsidiaries. Holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 in the following circumstances:
On or after December 1, 2024, the holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. The initial conversion rate for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be 198.6196 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.03 per share of the Company’s common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. 100 The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2023 and before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $7.0 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $6.4 million and other issuance costs of $0.6 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.6 million,
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of 101 $339.0 million. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions ($200 million Notes Capped Call) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60%over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet 7.5% Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due on January 5, 2023, which is referred to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, in exchange for net proceeds of $39.1 million, in a private placement to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act . There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. Upon maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note bears interest at 7.5% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5 of each year beginning on October 5, 2019 and will mature on January 5, 2023 unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with its terms. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note is unsecured and does not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note has an initial conversion rate of 387.5969, which is subject to adjustment in certain events. The initial conversion rate is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.58 per share of common stock. The holder of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note may convert at its option at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately prior to the maturity date for shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note will be automatically converted if (1) the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock exceeds 175% of the conversion price (as described above) on each of the 20 consecutive VWAP trading days (as defined in the note) beginning after the issue date of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note and (2) certain equity conditions (as defined in the note) are satisfied. Only if both criteria are met is the note automatically converted. Upon either the voluntary or automatic conversion of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, the Company will deliver shares of common stock based on (1) the then-effective conversion rate and (2) the original principal amount of $40.0 million and not the maturity principal amount of $48.0 million. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note does not allow cash settlement (entirely or partially) upon conversion. As such, the Company uses the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted earnings per share. The Company 102 If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, subject to certain limitations, the holder may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note In addition, with the consent of the holder of the note, subject to certain limitations, the Company may redeem all or any portion of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price equal to any accrued and unpaid interest on the note (or portion thereof), plus the greater of (1) 105% of the maturity principal amount of $48.0 million (or portion thereof); and (2) 115% of the product of (i) the conversion rate in effect as of the trading day immediately preceding the related redemption date; (ii) the principal amount of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note to be redeemed divided by $1,000; and (iii) the arithmetic average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock over the five consecutive VWAP trading days immediately before the related redemption date. While the Company concluded the fundamental change redemption option represents an embedded derivative, the Company concluded the value The Company concluded the total debt discount at issuance of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note equaled approximately $8.0 million. This debt discount was attributed to the fact that upon maturity, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. In addition, the related debt issuance costs were $1.0 million. The debt discount was recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note using the effective interest rate method. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $8.21 on June 30, 2020, the if-converted value of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $131.4 million and $53.5 million, respectively. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company’s stock price over the term of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, incorporating a volatility assumption of 75%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. On July 1, 2020, the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note automatically converted into 16.0 million shares of common stock. 103 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, which is referred to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to finance the cash portion of the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, which consisted of a repurchase of approximately $66.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate consideration of $128.9 million, consisting of approximately $90.2 million in cash and approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the $128.9 million in aggregate consideration, $35.5 million and $93.4 million were allocated to the debt and equity components, respectively, utilizing an effective discount rate of 29.8% to determine the fair value of the liability component. As of the repurchase date, the carrying value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes that were repurchased, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $48.7 million. The partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. As of June 30, 2020, approximately $33.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes remained outstanding. At issuance in March 2018, the total net proceeds from the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were as follows:
The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. Each $1,000 principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes is convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
104
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes or in connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In accounting for the issuance of the notes, the Company separated the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $3.3 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. 105 The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $8.21 on June 30, 2020, the if-converted value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $120.9 million and $135.3 million, respectively. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company’s stock price over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, incorporating a volatility assumption of 75%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (5.5% Notes Capped Call) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The 5.5% Notes Capped Call cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call is initially $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call. The 5.5% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 5.5% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. In conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company terminated 100% of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call on June 5, 2020. As a result of the termination, the Company received $24.2 million which is recorded in additional paid-in capital. Common Stock Forward In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction, or the Common Stock Forward, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. In connection with the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 106 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. In conjunction with the partial payoff of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Common Stock Forward’s expiration date was extended to June 1, 2025. The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured. Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Amazon Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the Amazon Warrant Shares), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is $1.1893 per share. After Amazon has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. 107 At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 27,643,347 and 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $3.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $4.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Walmart Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the Walmart Warrant Shares). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively. Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of June 30, 2020, the Company had operating and finance leases, as lessee. These leases expire over the next one to eight years. Minimum rent payments under operating and finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the 108 likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At September 30, 2020, operating lease liabilities totaled $67.9 million (as restated), of which $9.5 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These operating leases were primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows, as summarized below. At June 30, 2020, finance lease liabilities totaled $2.8 million (as restated), of which $0.3 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These finance lease liabilities are primarily associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York. The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. Additionally, the Company has entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as finance obligations. At June 30, 2020, finance obligations totaled $160.4 million (as restated), of which $28.8 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of June 30, 2020, the Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a current or future significant effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. Also, In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU requires a number of changes to the assessment of credit losses, including the utilization of an expected credit loss model, which requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the asset, including losses where probability is considered remote. Additionally, the standard requires the estimation of lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that are classified as current. The Company adopted these standards effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of the standards to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. 109 In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. In August 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)s: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in 2019 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-06, Debt – Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, was issued to address issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This update is effective after December 15, 2021. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update is effective starting March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, was issued to make various codification improvements to financial instruments to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. This update will be effective at various dates as described in this ASU. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, was issued to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. This update will be effective beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. 110 Comparion of three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying restated unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements disclosed in financial statement Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Results of Operations as Restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2019-08, with retrospective adoption as of January 1, 2019. As a result, the amount recorded as a reduction of revenue was measured based on the grant-date fair value of the warrants. Previously, this amount was measured based on vesting date fair value with estimates of fair value determined at each financial reporting date for unvested warrant shares considered to be probable of vesting. Except for the third tranche, all existing unvested warrants are using a measurement date of January 1, 2019, the adoption date, in accordance ASU 2019-08. For the third tranche, the exercise price will be determined once the second tranche vests. The fair value will be determined at that time. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
111 Revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows, as restated, (in thousands):
Net Revenue Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $17.9 million (as restated), or 702.7% (as restated), to $20.5 million (as restated) from $2.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, change in product mix, variations in customer programs, and an increase in hydrogen installations, offset partially by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. There were 825 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 94 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. There was hydrogen infrastructure revenue associated with four hydrogen sites during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $0.2 million, or 2.8%, to $6.5 million as compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (as restated). Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The main driver for the increase in revenue was additional contractual revenue associated with higher utilization of units. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $0.4 million (as restated), or 6.4% (as restated), to $6.4 million (as restated) from $6.0 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to the increase in units associated with the PPAs, offset in part by increased provision for common stock warrants. 112 Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $0.8 million, or 11.4%, to $7.3 million from $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in the number of sites with fuel contracts in 2020, compared to 2019, partially offset by the increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 504.4% (as restated), or $11.7 million (as restated), to $14.0 million (as restated), compared to $2.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume and increase in hydrogen installations. There were 825 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 94 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Revenue associated with four hydrogen installations was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to zero during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure increased to 31.7% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 9.3% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to favorable changes in product mix and customer profile mix. Additionally, the increase in margin was due to better operating leverage as a result of the aforementioned increase in revenue. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 52.4% (as restated), or $3.6 million (as restated), to $10.3 million (as restated), compared to $6.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Gross margin declined to (58.7)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to (7.1)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes depreciation of assets utilized and service costs to fulfill PPA obligations and interest costs associated with certain financial institutions for leased equipment. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $4.9 million (as restated), or 50.2% (as restated), to $14.8 million (as restated) from $9.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Gross margin declined to (130.0)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to (62.9)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvements, as well as incremental service costs during the quarter associated with increased usage of units at some of our primary customer sites caused by the COVID-19 crisis. 113 Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers and costs for onsite generation. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $1.1 million (as restated), or 10.9% (as restated), to $11.3 million (as restated) from $10.2 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was due primarily to higher volume of hydrogen delivered to customer sites as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs. Gross margin improved slightly to (53.5)% (as restated) during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to (54.2)% (as restated) during the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to improved efficiencies on existing hydrogen sites, offset by an increase in the provision for warrants. Expenses Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $1.8 million (as restated), or 58.8% (as restated), to $4.8 million (as restated), from $3.0 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (as restated). The increase was primarily due to additional R&D program investments such as programs associated with improvement of fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks as well as drone applications. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020, increased $1.9 million (as restated), or 20.5% (as restated), to $11.1 million (as restated) from $9.2 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was primarily related to increases in salaries and stock-based compensation. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. Since March 31, 2019, the Company assumed approximately $50.0 million of additional long-term debt at 12% interest, issued a $40 million convertible senior note at 5.5% interest and entered into additional sale/leaseback finance obligation arrangements. Net interest and other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $3.4 million (as restated), or 40.1% (as restated), as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was attributable to the increase in finance obligations, long-term debt and the issuance of the convertible senior note, as mentioned above. Common Stock Warrant Liability Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. As of March 31, 2020, the Company no longer carries these types of warrants. All remaining common stock warrants were fully exercised in the fourth quarter of 2019. As such there was no change in fair value as of March 31, 2020. 114 Income Tax Income taxes. The Company did not record any income tax expense or benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common stockholders of $37.4 million (as restated) and $30.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.4 billion (as restated) at March 31, 2020. We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of equity and debt, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity and debt offerings, including our at-the-market offering, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $60.4 million (as restated), consisting primarily of a net loss attributable to the Company of $37.4 million (as restated), and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $34.3 million (as restated), offset by the impact of noncash charges of $11.4 million. The changes in working capital primarily were related to decreases in accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other liabilities and deferred revenue, offset by increases in inventory, prepaid expenses and, other current assets. As of March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $74.3 million and net working capital of $143.8 million (as restated). By comparison, at December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $139.5 million and net working capital of $179.7 million (as restated). Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020, totaled $6.4 million (as restated) and included purchases of property, plant and equipment and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new equipment related to PPA and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers. Net cash 115 provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 totaled $4.5 million (as restated) and primarily resulted from proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $6.1 million, increase in finance obligations of $9.0 million, offset by repayments of long-term debt of $5.3 million and finance obligations of $5.3 million (as restated). Public and Private Offerings of Equity and Debt Common Stock Issuance On April 13, 2020, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc., as sales agent, or FBR, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of Company common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. As of the date of this filing, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement. In December 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered public offering an aggregate of 46 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $120.4 million. In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share for net proceeds of approximately $23.5 million. Preferred Stock Issuance In November 2018, the Company completed a private placement of an aggregate of 35,000 shares of the Company’s Series E Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, or the Series E Preferred Stock, for net proceeds of approximately $30.9 million. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company redeemed 4,038 shares of Series E Preferred Stock totaling $4.0 million. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company converted 30,962 shares of Series E Preferred Stock into 13.8 million shares of its common stock. In January 2020, the Company converted the remainder of the 500 shares of Series E Preferred Stock into 216,000 shares of its common stock. Convertible Senior Notes In September 2019, the Company issued a $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% convertible senior note due in 2023, which we refer to herein as the $40 million Convertible Senior Note. The Company’s total obligation, net of interest accretion, due to the holder is $48.0 million. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance were $39.1 million. As of March 31, 2020, the outstanding balance of the note, net of related discount and issuance costs, was $40.4 million. See “$40 Million Convertible Senior Note” below for more details. In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% convertible senior notes due in 2023, which we refer to herein as the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were approximately $95.9 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of the Capped Call and the Common Stock Forward (as defined below), both of which are hedges related to the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes. As of March 31, 2020, the outstanding balance of the notes, net of related accretion and issuance costs, was $72.6 million. See “$100 Million Convertible Senior Notes” below, for more details. Operating and Finance Leases The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Transactions completed under the sale/leaseback transactions are generally accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure are recognized as revenue. In connection with certain sale/leaseback transactions, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against the Company’s finance obligations. As the Company performs under these agreements, 116 the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at March 31, 2020 was $268.1 million, $234.6 million of which were secured with restricted cash, security deposits backing letters of credit, and pledged service escrows. The Company has varied master lease agreements with Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc., or Wells Fargo, to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with various customers. The Wells Fargo lease agreements were entered into during 2017, 2018, and 2019. No sale/leaseback transactions were entered with Wells Fargo during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Pursuant to the lease agreements, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites. The Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions entered into in connection with such lease agreements. The Wells Fargo lease agreements required letters of credit for the unguaranteed portion totaling $55.5 million as of March 31, 2020. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to Wells Fargo were $108.0 million at March 31, 2020. Over recent years, including in 2019, the Company has entered into master lease agreements with multiple institutions such as Key Equipment Finance (KeyBank), SunTrust Equipment Finance & Lease Corp. (now known as Truist), and First American Bancorp, Inc. (First American). In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into additional lease agreements with KeyBank and First American. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, the primary purpose of these agreements is to finance commercial transactions with varied customers. Most of the transactions with these financial institutions required cash collateral for the unguaranteed portions totaling $179.1million as of March 31, 2020. Similar to the Wells Fargo lease agreements, in many cases the Company has a customer guarantee for a large portion of the transactions. The total remaining lease liabilities owed to these financial institutions were $160.1 million at March 31, 2020. Restricted Cash As security for the above sale/leaseback agreements, as of March 31, 2020, $129.7 million of our cash is required to be restricted and will be released over the lease terms. In addition, as of March 31, 2020, the Company had cash security deposits totaling $101.6 million backing letters of credit that secure the sale/leaseback agreements Secured Debt In March 2019, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the Loan Agreement), with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100.0 million (the Term Loan Facility). The Company borrowed $85.0 million under the Loan Agreement on the date of closing and borrowed an additional $15.0 million in April 2019. A portion of the initial proceeds of the loan was used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority, including accrued interest of $17.6 million (the Green Bank Loan), and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC and repurchase the associated leased equipment. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. This loss was recorded in interest and other expenses, net in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, $1.7 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees due in connection with the Green Bank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. Amount escrowed is recorded in long-term other assets on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020. The Company presently expects to meet the targets as required under the arrangement. Additionally, in November 2019, the Company borrowed an incremental $20.0 million at 12% interest to fund working capital for ongoing deployments and other general corporate purposes. On March 31, 2020, the outstanding balance under the Term Loan Facility was $107.5 million with a 12% interest rate. On May 6, 2020, the Company and Generate amended the Loan Agreement to, among other things, (i) provide an incremental term loan facility in the amount of $50.0 million, which has been fully funded, (ii) provide for additional, incremental term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed $50.0 million, which are available to the Company in Generate Capital’s sole discretion, (iii) reduce the interest rate on all loans to 9.50% from 12.00% per annum, and (iv) extend the maturity date to October 31, 2025 from October 6, 2022. 117 The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies. Based on the current amortization schedule, the outstanding balance of $157.5 million under the Term Loan Facility will be fully paid by March 31, 2024. If addition term loans are funded, the entire then-outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, will be due and payable on the maturity date of October 31, 2025. All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years amortization may not exceed the following (in thousands):
As of May 6, 2020, the Term Loan Facility, including the incremental borrowing subsequent to March 31, 2020, as described above, requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years amortization may not exceed the following (in thousands):
We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of equity and debt, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity and debt offerings, including the at-the-market offering, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
118
$40 Million Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued a $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due on January 5, 2023 in exchange for net proceeds of $39.1 million, in a private placement to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the note. Upon maturity of the note, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The note bears interest at 7.5% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5 of each year beginning on October 5, 2019 and will mature on January 5, 2023 unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with its terms. The note is unsecured and does not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. The note has an initial conversion rate of 387.5969, which is subject to adjustment in certain events. The initial conversion rate is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.58 per share of common stock. The holder of the note may convert at its option at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately prior to the maturity date for shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, the note will be automatically converted if (1) the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock exceeds 175% of the conversion price (as described above) on each of the 20 consecutive VWAP trading days (as defined in the note) beginning after the issue date of the note and (2) certain equity conditions (as defined in the note) are satisfied. Only if both criteria are met is the note automatically converted. Upon either the voluntary or automatic conversion of the note, the Company will deliver shares of common stock based on (1) the then-effective conversion rate and (2) the original principal amount of $40.0 million and not the maturity principal amount of $48.0 million. The note does not allow cash settlement (entirely or partially) upon conversion. As such, the Company uses the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted earnings per share. The Company concluded the conversion features did not require bifurcation. Specifically, while the Company determined that (i) the conversion features were not clearly and closely related to the host contracts, (ii) the note (i.e., hybrid instrument) is not remeasured at fair value under otherwise applicable GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (iii) the conversion features, if freestanding, would meet the definition of a derivative, the Company concluded such conversion features meet the equity scope exception, and therefore, the conversion features are not required to be bifurcated from the note. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, subject to certain limitations, the holder may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of the note at a cash repurchase price equal to any accrued and unpaid interest on the note (or portion thereof), plus the greater of (1) 115% of the maturity principal amount of $48.0 million (or portion thereof) and (2) 110% of the product of (i) the conversion rate in effect as of the trading day immediately preceding the date of such fundamental change; (ii) the principal amount of the $40.0 million note to be repurchased divided by $1,000; and (iii) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock over the five consecutive VWAP trading days immediately before the effective date of such fundamental change. In addition, with the consent of the holder of the note, subject to certain limitations, the Company may redeem all or any portion of the note, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price equal to any accrued and unpaid interest on the note (or portion thereof), plus the greater of (1) 105% of the maturity principal amount of $48.0 million (or portion thereof); and (2) 115% of the product of (i) the conversion rate in effect as of the trading day immediately preceding the 119 related redemption date; (ii) the principal amount of the $40.0 million note to be redeemed divided by $1,000; and (iii) the arithmetic average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock over the five consecutive VWAP trading days immediately before the related redemption date. While the Company concluded the fundamental change redemption option represents an embedded derivative, the Company concluded the value of the embedded derivative to be immaterial given the likelihood of the occurrence of a fundamental change was deemed to be remote. As related to the call option, the Company concluded the call option was clearly and closely related to the host contract, and therefore, did not meet the definition of an embedded derivative. The Company concluded the total debt discount at issuance of the note equaled approximately $8.0 million. This debt discount was attributed to the fact that upon maturity, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The related debt issuance costs were $1.0 million. The debt discount was recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest rate method. The note consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $3.54 on March 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the note at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $57.3 million and $53.5 million, respectively. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company's stock price over the term of the note, incorporating a volatility assumption of 70%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. $100 Million Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the notes. The total net proceeds from the notes were as follows:
The notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. 120 Each $1,000 principal amount of the notes is convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the notes or in connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In accounting for the issuance of the notes, the Company separated the notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the notes. The difference between 121 the principal amount of the notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of approximately $3.3 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $3.54 on March 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the notes at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was approximately $147.4 million and $135.3 million, respectively. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. The simulation model is designed to capture the potential settlement features of the convertible debt, in conjunction with simulated changes in the Company's stock price over the term of the notes, incorporating a volatility assumption of 70%. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. Capped Call In conjunction with the issuance of the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call), on the Company’s common stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the Capped Call transactions is initially $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. 122 By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes. Common Stock Forward In connection with the sale of the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction, or the Common Stock Forward, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured. Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Amazon Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the Amazon Warrant Shares), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is $1.1893 per share. After Amazon has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027 The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. 123 At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Walmart Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the Walmart Warrant Shares). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of March 31, 2020, the Company had operating and finance leases, as lessee. These leases expire over the next one to eight years. Minimum rent payments under operating and finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At March 31, 2020, operating lease liabilities totaled $61.1 million (as restated), of which $9.0 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These operating leases were primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows, as summarized below. At March 31, 2020, finance lease liabilities totaled $2.2 million (as restated), of which $0.2 million 124 (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. These finance lease liabilities are primarily associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York. The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. Additionally, the Company has entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as finance obligations. At March 31, 2020, finance obligations totaled $147.5 million (as restated), of which $26.2 million (as restated) is due in the next twelve months. Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $129.7 million was required to be restricted as security as of March 31, 2020, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of March 31, 2020, the Company also had certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $101.6 million that are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements. The Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million at March 31, 2020 associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. We consider cash collateralizing this letter of credit as restricted cash. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of March 31, 2020, the Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a current or future significant effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. Also, In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for 125 financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU requires a number of changes to the assessment of credit losses, including the utilization of an expected credit loss model, which requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the asset, including losses where probability is considered remote. Additionally, the standard requires the estimation of lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that are classified as current. The Company adopted these standards effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of the standards to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, was issued to make improvements to updates 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10), 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. In August 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)s: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in 2019 and determined the impact of this standard to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update is effective starting March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, was issued to make various codification improvements to financial instruments to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. This update will be effective at various dates as described in this ASU. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In February 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842), was issued to add a note to an SEC paragraph of the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification stating that the SEC staff would not object to a public business entity that otherwise would not meet the definition of a public business entity except for a requirement to include or the inclusion of its financial statements or financial information in another entity’s filing with the SEC adopting Topic 842. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This update requires a modified retrospective adoption method. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In January 2020, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), was issued to clarify the interaction of the accounting rules for equity securities under Topic 321, investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options 126 accounted for under Topic 815. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Comparison of three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying restated unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements disclosed in financial statement Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Results of Operations as Restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. Beginning in September 2018, the provision for common stock warrants was allocated to our individual revenue line items based on estimated contractual cash flows by revenue stream. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with current period presentation. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
127 Revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows, as restated, (in thousands):
Net Revenue Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $2.0 million (as restated), or 5.5% (as restated), to $38.9 million (as restated) from $36.9 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.5 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The main drivers for the increase in revenue were the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue, further increased by the increase in the aforementioned provision for common stock warrants. There were 1,513 GenDrive units recognized as revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 1,400 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in GenDrive revenue was partially offset by the decrease in hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations. Two hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations were recognized as revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to seven during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $14.0 million (as restated), or 21.2% (as restated), to $80.1 million (as restated) from $66.1 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.0 million and $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The main driver for the increase in revenue was the increase in GenDrive units recognized as revenue. There were 6,058 units recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 2,526 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in GenDrive revenue was offset by the decrease in hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations. Two hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations were recognized as revenue, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to fourteen during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. At September 30, 2019, there were 11,206 fuel cell units and 43 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, as compared to 11,237 fuel cell units and 42 hydrogen installations at September 30, 2018. 128 Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $1.0 million, or 20.3%, to $6.2 million, from $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue is primiarily due ot an increase in incremental service billings related to higher utilization of GenDrive units, as well as in increase in the number of units under extended maintenance contracts. The average number of units under extended maintenance contracts during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 11,211, compared to 11,029 during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $1.6 million, or 9.5%, to $17.9 million from $16.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.4 million and $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The increase in service revenue was primarily due to an increase in incremental service billings related to higher utilization of GenDrive units, a reduction in provision for common stock warrants and increase in the average number of units under extended maintenance contracts. The average number of units under extended maintenance contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 11,566, compared to 10,456 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. At September 30, 2019, there were 35 GenKey sites and 11,236 units associated with PPA arrangements, as compared to 35 GenKey sites and 7,140 units at September 30, 2018. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $6.5 million (as restated) compared to $5.5 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revenue increased as a result of an increase in the number of units under PPAs, offset by the increase in the aforementioned provision for common stock warrants. Revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $2.6 million (as restated), or 16.0% (as restated), to $18.9 million (as restated) from $16.3 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of 1.0 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was attributable to the increase in the number of units under PPA arrangements, partially offset by the increase in provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party. At September 30, 2019, there were 74 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 71 at September 30, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $1.9 million, or 32.2%, to $7.6 million from $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2019 compared to 2018, as well as increases in fuel prices, and a decrease in common stock warrant provision. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $5.3 million, or 33.1%, to $21.3 million from $16.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $1.3 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2019 compared to 2018, as well as increases in fuel prices, and the aforementioned decrease in common stock warrant provision. The average number of sites receiving fuel deliveries was 73 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to 66 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. 129 Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 8.7% (as restated), or $2.4 million (as restated), to $25.2 million (as restated), compared to $27.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. This decrease was driven by the decrease in hydrogen fueling infrastructure installations recognized as revenue, partially offset by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume. There were 1,513 GenDrive units and zero hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 1,400 GenDrive units and seven hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure improved to 35.2% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 25.1% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to the mix of GenDrive units recognized as revenue and decrease in the number of hydrogen infrastructure sites deployed. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 4.6% (as restated), or $2.4 million (as restated), to $50.8 million (as restated), compared to $53.2 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were 6,058 GenKey units and zero hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to GenKey 2,526 units and 14 sites for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure improved to 36.6% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 19.4% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to the mix of GenDrive units recognized as revenue, decrease in the number of hydrogen infrastructure sites deployed as well as the impact of provision for common stock warrants. The provision for common stock warrants from sales of fuel cells and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 1.3% (as restated) and 5.1% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. At September 30, 2019, there were 11,206 fuel cell units and 43 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, a change from 11,237 fuel cell units and 42 hydrogen installations at September 30, 2018. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased 6.3% (as restated), or $0.5 million (as restated), to $7.8 million (as restated), compared to $7.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin increased to (25.7)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to (42.3)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due an increase in incremental service billings related to higher utilization of GenDrive units, offset by program investments targeting performance improvement and variation in maintenance cycles. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 4.8% (as restated), or $1.2 million (as restated), to $23.0 million (as restated), compared to $24.1 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin increased to (28.4)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to (47.9)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due an increase in incremental service billings related to higher utilization of GenDrive units offset by program investments targeting performance improvement and variation in maintenance cycles. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes payments made to financial institutions for equipment, depreciation of equipment, and related service costs. Equipment related to PPAs are associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back, and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company. Alternatively, the Company can hold the equipment for investment and recognize the depreciation and service cost of the assets as cost 130 of revenue from PPAs. At September 30, 2019, there were 35 GenKey sites and 11,374 units associated with PPAs, as compared to 35 GenKey sites and 8,865 units associated with PPAs at September 30, 2018. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased 10.1% (as restated), or $1.0 million (as restated), to $10.8 million (as restated) from $9.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was a primarily the result of the increase in units associated with PPAs. Gross margin increased to (65.9)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to (79.3)% (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to reliability improvements and increased labor leverage on a growing fleet, which resulted in improved service cost per unit. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 3.6% (as restated), or $1.1 million (as restated), to $29.5 million (as restated) from $30.6 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin increased to (56.0)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to (87.7)% (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to reliability improvements and increased labor leverage on a growing fleet, which resulted in improved service cost per unit. Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers. As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen and separately sells it to its customers when delivered or dispensed. At September 30, 2019, there were 74 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 71 at September 30, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased 19.5% (as restated), or $1.8 million (as restated), to $11.1 million (as restated) from $9.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin increased to (45.8)% (as restated) during the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to (61.3)% (as restated) during the three months ended September 30, 2018 given efficiency investments and a reduction in customer warrant provision offset somewhat by increases in fuel costs and incremental depreciation on tanks and related fuel equipment stemming from investments made to improve fuel system efficiency. The provision for common stock warrants from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 6.2% and 10.4% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased 26.7% (as restated), or $6.8 million (as restated), to $32.4 million (as restated) from $25.6 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Gross margin increased to (52.2)% (as restated) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to (59.9)% (as restated) during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 given efficiency investments and a reduction in customer warrant provision offset somewhat by increases in fuel costs and incremental depreciation on tanks and related fuel equipment stemming from investments made to improve fuel system efficiency. The provision for common stock warrants from fuel delivered to customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 5.7% and 13.4% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Expenses Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $0.2 million (as restated), or 7.4% (as restated), to $3.6 million (as restated), from $3.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was primarily related to additional research and development for fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks and drone applications. 131 Research and development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $0.3 million (as restated), or 2.7% (as restated), to $10.2 million (as restated), from $9.9 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was primarily related to additional research and development for fuel efficiency, GenDrive unit performance and new product development such as on-road delivery trucks and drone applications. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses include cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $1.4 million (as restated), or 16.0% (as restated), to $10.4 million (as restated) from $9.0 million (as restated) for the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was primarily related to an increase in stock-based compensation, as well as increases in cost for the Company’s varied strategic initiatives, such as investor symposium and certain executive recruiting charges during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $4.6 million (as restated), or 16.3% (as restated), to $33.2 million (as restated) from $28.6 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was primarily related to an increase in performance and stock-based compensation during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and by a decrease in the legal accrual during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. The Company entered into a series of finance obligations with Generate Lending LLC during 2018. Approximately $50.0 million of these finance obligations were terminated and replaced with long-term debt with Generate Lending LLC in March 2019. Additionally, in September of 2019 and March of 2018, the Company issued convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Net interest and other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $1.8 million (as restated), or 27.4% (as restated), as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was attributed to the increase in finance leases/long-term debt during 2019 and the issuance of convertible senior notes in September 2019 and March of 2018, as mentioned above. Net interest and other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $8.7 million (as restated), or 54.1% (as restated), as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was attributed to the increase in finance leases/long-term debt during 2019 and the issuance of convertible senior notes in September 2019 and March of 2018, as mentioned above. Common Stock Warrant Liability Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the three months ended September 30, 2019 resulted in a decrease in the associated warrant liability of $0.4 million as compared to a decrease of $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. These variances were primarily due to changes in the average remaining term of the warrants, the increase in Company’s common stock price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate this fair value change. 132 The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulted in no change in the associated warrant as compared to a decrease of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These variances were primarily due to changes in the average remaining term of the warrants, the increase in Company’s common stock price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate this fair value. Income Tax Income taxes. The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $1.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively, as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes. The Company did not record any income tax expense or benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common stockholders of $66.3 million (as restated) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $85.7 million (as restated), $130.2 million (as restated) and $57.6 million (as restated) for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion (as restated) at September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $54.1 million (as restated), consisting of a net loss attributable to the Company of $65.7 million (as restated) and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $16.5 million (as restated), offset by the impact of non-cash charges/gains of $28.1 million (as restated). The changes in working capital were related to an increase in inventory and accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities offset by a decrease in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses 133 and other assets and deferred revenue. Cash outflows related to equipment that we sell are included in net cash used in operating activities. As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $43.3 million and net working capital of $84.3 million (as restated). By comparison, at December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $38.6 million and net working capital of $2.8 million (as restated). Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $9.0 million (as restated) and included purchases of property plant and equipment, purchases of intangible assets, outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to the delivery of fuel to customers. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $151.4 million (as restated) and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $39.1 million from the issuance of a $40 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due 2023, $38.1 million from the sale of our common stock, $99.5 million from a new debt facility, some of which was used to pay approximately $50.3 million of finance obligations and $17.6 million of previously outstanding long-term debt, including accrued interest (as restated). In addition, there was a $57.2 million increase in cash flows from new finance obligations, offset in part by redemption of preferred stock of $4.0 million and repayments of long-term debt of $21.7 million. Public and Private Offerings of Equity and Debt During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 6.3 million shares of common stock through its At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM) resulting in net proceeds of $14.5 million. In September 2019, we issued a $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% convertible senior note due in 2023 ($40 million Convertible Senior Note). The Company’s total obligation, net of interest accretion, due to the holder is $48.0 million. The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance were $39.1 million. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the issuance of the note for general corporate purposes and for the potential redemption of the Company’s outstanding Series E Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. See Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes, for more details. In March 2019, the Company sold 10 million shares of common stock at a price of $2.35 per share for net proceeds of $23.5 million. In November 2018, the Company completed a private placement of an aggregate of 35,000 shares of the Company’s Series E Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series E Preferred Stock), for net proceeds of approximately $30.9 million. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company redeemed 4,038 shares of Series E Preferred Stock totaling $4.0 million. See Note 10, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, for additional information. In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% convertible senior notes due in 2023 ($100 million Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after deducting costs of the issuance, were approximately $95.9 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of the Capped Call and the Common Stock Forward, both of which are hedges related to the $100 million Convertible Senior Notes. See Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes, for more details. On April 12, 2017, the Company issued to Tech Opportunities LLC (Tech Opps) warrants to acquire up to 5,250,750 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.69 per share. All of these warrants were exercised on October 15, 2019. See Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity, for additional information. Operating or Finance Leases The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). In connection with certain operating leases, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against our finance obligations. As the Company performs under 134 these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at September 30, 2019 was $168.9 million, $162.0 million of which were secured with restricted cash, security deposits and pledged service escrows. The Company has a master lease agreement with Wells Fargo Equipment Finance, Inc. (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Walmart). The Wells Fargo MLA was entered into in 2017 and amended in 2018. Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart. The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo were $97.6 million at September 30, 2019. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2018 and 2019 were accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure were recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 and three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2017 were accounted for as finance leases. The difference in lease classification is due to changes in financing terms and their bearing on lease assessment criteria. Also included in the remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo is a sale/leaseback transaction in 2015 that was accounted for as an operating lease. In connection with the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company has a customer guarantee for a majority of the transactions. The aforementioned Wells Fargo MLA transactions required a letter of credit for the unguaranteed portion totaling $37.3 million. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into master lease agreements with both Key Equipment Finance (KeyBank) and SunTrust Equipment Finance & Lease Corp. (SunTrust), to finance commercial transactions with Walmart. The transactions with KeyBank and SunTrust required cash collateral for the unguaranteed portions totaling $6.4 million. Similar to the aforementioned Wells Fargo MLA, the Company has a customer guarantee for the majority of the transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company entered into additional, similar master lease agreements with Wells Fargo, Crestmark Equipment Finance (Crestmark), First American Bancorp, Inc. (First American) and 36th Street Capital Partners, LLC (36th Street) to finance subscription programs with other customers. The total remaining lease payments to these financial institutions were $57.3 million at September 30, 2019. These lease payments are secured by cash collateral and letters of credit backed by restricted cash. Secured Debt In March 2019, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the Loan Agreement), with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100.0 million (the Term Loan Facility). The Company borrowed $85.0 million under the Loan Agreement on the date of closing and borrowed an additional $15.0 million in April 2019. A portion of the initial proceeds of the loan was used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority, including accrued interest of $17.6 million (the Green Bank Loan), and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC and repurchase the associated leased equipment. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million. This loss was recorded in interest and other expenses, net in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, $1.7 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees due in connection with the Green Bank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. This amount paid to an escrow account was recorded in long-term other assets on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019. On September 30, 2019, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $96.3 million. The net loan proceeds of $32.1 million are being used to fund working capital for ongoing deployments and other general corporate purposes of the Company. Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at 12.0% per annum. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 13, 2022. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies. 135 Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable on the maturity date of December 13, 2022. The Company may also be required to pay Generate Capital additional fees of up to $1.5 million if the Company is unable to provide $50.0 million of structured project financing arrangements with Generate Capital prior to December 31, 2021. All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant that is first measured on December 31, 2019 and is based on certain factors that are yet to be determined and on a third party valuation that has yet to be completed. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. The Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years may not exceed the following (in thousands):
We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of equity and debt, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity and debt offerings, including the at-the-market offering, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
136 $40 Million Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued a $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due on January 5, 2023 in exchange for net proceeds of $39.1 million, in a private placement to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the note. Upon maturity of the note, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The note bears interest at 7.5% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5 of each year beginning on October 5, 2019 and will mature on January 5, 2023 unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with its terms. The note is unsecured and does not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. The note has an initial conversion rate of 387.5969, which is subject to adjustment in certain events. The initial conversion rate is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.58 per share of common stock. The holder of the note may convert at its option at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately prior to the maturity date for shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, the note will be automatically converted if (1) the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock exceeds 175% of the conversion price (as described above) on each of the 20 consecutive VWAP trading days (as defined in the note) beginning after the issue date of the note and (2) certain equity conditions (as defined in the note) are satisfied. Only if both criteria are met is the note automatically converted. Upon either the voluntary or automatic conversion of the note, the Company will deliver shares of common stock based on (1) the then-effective conversion rate and (2) the original principal amount of $40 million and not the maturity principal amount of $48 million. The note does not allow cash settlement (entirely or partially) upon conversion. As such, the Company uses the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted earnings per share. The Company concluded the conversion features did not require bifurcation. Specifically, while the Company determined that (i) the conversion features were not clearly and closely related to the host contracts, (ii) the note (i.e., hybrid instrument) is not remeasured at fair value under otherwise applicable GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (iii) the conversion features, if freestanding, would meet the definition of a derivative, the Company concluded such conversion features meet the equity scope exception, and therefore, the conversion features are not required to be bifurcated from the note. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, subject to certain limitations, the holder may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of the note at a cash repurchase price equal to any accrued and unpaid interest on the note (or portion thereof), plus the greater of (1) 115% of the maturity principal amount of $48 million (or portion thereof) and (2) 110% of the product of (i) the conversion rate in effect as of the trading day immediately preceding the date of such fundamental change; (ii) the principal amount of the $40 million note to be repurchased divided by $1,000; and (iii) the average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock over the five consecutive VWAP trading days immediately before the effective date of such fundamental change. In addition, with the consent of the holder of the note, subject to certain limitations, the Company may redeem all or any portion of the note, at the Company’s option, at a cash redemption price equal to any accrued and unpaid interest on the note (or portion thereof), plus the greater of (1) 105% of the maturity principal amount of $48 million (or portion thereof); and (2) 115% of the product of (i) the conversion rate in effect as of the trading day immediately preceding the related redemption date; (ii) the principal amount of the $40 million note to be redeemed divided by $1,000; and (iii) the arithmetic average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share of common stock over the five consecutive VWAP trading days immediately before the related redemption date. While the Company concluded the fundamental change redemption option represents an embedded derivative, the Company concluded the value of the embedded derivative to be immaterial given the likelihood of the occurrence of a fundamental change was deemed to be remote. As related to the call option, the Company concluded the call option was clearly and closely related to the host contract, and therefore, did not meet the definition of an embedded derivative. 137 The Company concluded the total debt discount at issuance of the note equaled approximately $8.0 million. This debt discount was comprised of (1) the discount of $8.0 million attributed to the fact that upon maturity, the Company is required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million and (2) debt issuance costs of $0.9 million. The debt discount was recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet) and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the note using the effective interest rate method. The note consisted of the following at September 30, 2019 (in thousands):
As of September 30, 2019, the remaining life of the note was approximately 40 months. $100 Million Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the notes. The total net proceeds from the notes were as follows:
The notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. Each $1,000 principal amount of the notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
138
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the notes or in connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In accounting for the issuance of the notes, the Company separated the notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the notes. The difference between the principal amount of the notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of approximately $3.3 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The notes consisted of the following at September 30, 2019 (in thousands): 139
As of September 30, 2019, the remaining life of the notes was approximately 42 months. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $2.63 on September 30, 2019, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. At September 30, 2019, the carrying value of the notes, excluding unamortized debt issue costs, approximated the fair value. Capped Call In conjunction with the The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the
Common Stock Forward In connection with the
The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million
The 140 Common Stock Issuance
Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the
The Amazon Warrant
141 At September 30, 2019 and December 31,
revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The
Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the
The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart The Walmart Warrant Because the Walmart Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e., aggregate purchase levels), which Walmart must achieve for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Walmart Warrant Shares is the date on which the Walmart Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Walmart Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Walmart Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Walmart and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Walmart Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Walmart Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Walmart Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change. 142 At
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement
Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of
Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At
The Company has
Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of
The Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of
Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, bad debts, inventories, 143 purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We
In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, was issued to provide an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis. Adoption of In April 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and In November 2018, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808), was issued to clarify the interaction between ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Adoption of this update is effective for all reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated the update and has concluded that the adoption of this update will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-05, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), was issued to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in cloud computing arrangement (hosting arrangement) by providing guidance for determining when the arrangement includes a software license. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies beginning after December 15, 2019.
Early adoption of the amendments in this update are permitted. The Company
In January 2017, In August 2016, In June 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU requires a number of changes to the assessment of credit losses, including the utilization of an expected credit loss model, which requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the asset, including losses where probability is considered remote. Additionally, the standard requires the estimation of lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that are classified as current. This update is effective beginning after January 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the adoption method as well as the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. Comparison of three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following Results of Operations as Restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts.
Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution.
Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company
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Revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows, as restated, (in thousands):
Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $0.4 million, or 6.2%, to $5.3 million from $5.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The decrease in service revenues was primarily due to less incremental service billings during the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 2018, as a result of higher than expected utilization of GenDrive units. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $0.5 million, or 4.6%, to $11.7 million from $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.2 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The increase in service revenues was primarily due to reduction in provision for common stock warrants, increase in the number of units under service contracts, partially offset by less incremental service billings related to higher utilization of GenDrive units during the six months ended June 30, 2018. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. At June 30, 2019, there were 37 GenKey sites and 9,802 units associated with PPA arrangements, as compared to 33 sites and 6,858 units at June 30, 2018. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.9 million (as restated), or 44.3% (as restated), to $6.3 million (as restated) from $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 is attributable to the increase in number of sites and units under PPA arrangements. Revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.6 million (as restated), or 14.4% (as restated), to $12.4 million (as restated) from $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.7 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 is attributable to the increase in the number of sites and units under PPA arrangements, partially offset by the increase in provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party. At June 30, 2019, there were 72 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 67 at June 30, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.8 million, or 34.3%, to $7.1 million from $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The increase in revenue is due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2019, compared to 2018, increases in fuel prices, and decrease in common stock warrant provision. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $3.4 million, or 33.6%, to $13.7 million from $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.8 million and $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, negatively impacting the change in revenue. The increase in revenue is due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2019, compared to 2018, as well as increases in fuel prices, and the aforementioned decrease in 147 common stock warrant provision. The average number of sites receiving fuel deliveries was 72 during the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to 62 during the six months ended June 30, 2018. Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased 50.8% (as restated), or $7.9 million (as restated), to $23.3 million (as restated), compared to $15.5 million the three months ended June 30, 2018. This increase is driven by the increase in GenDrive deployment volume. There were 1,997 GenDrive units and no hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 822 GenDrive units and four hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure improved to 39.7% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to 17.0% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the mix of GenDrive units recognized as revenue, decrease in number of hydrogen infrastructure sites deployed as well as impact of provision for common stock warrants. The provision for common stock warrants from sales of fuel cells and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 0.6% and 8.8% negative impact on revenue, respectively (as restated). Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 remained relatively consistent at $25.6 million (as restated) and 25.7 million (as restated), respectively. There were 2,091 units and no hydrogen infrastructure sites recognized as revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 1,126 units and four sites for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure improved to 37.8% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to 12.3% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the mix of GenDrive units recognized as revenue, decrease in number of hydrogen infrastructure sites deployed as well as impact of provision for common stock warrants. The provision for common stock warrants from sales of fuel cells and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 1.2% and 8.3% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. At June 30, 2019, there were 11,215 fuel cell units and 42 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, an increase from 10,821 fuel cell units and 39 hydrogen installations at June 30, 2018, respectively. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2019 decreased 9.5% (as restated), or $0.9 million (as restated), to $8.4 million (as restated), compared to $9.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin improved to (57.0)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to (62.8)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvement and variation in maintenance cycles. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased 9.7% (as restated), or $1.6 million (as restated), to $15.2 million (as restated), compared to $16.8 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin improved to (29.9)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to (50.4)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to program investments targeting performance improvement and variation in maintenance cycles. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes payments made to financial institutions for equipment, depreciation of equipment, and related service costs. Equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers are associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back, and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company. Alternatively, the Company can hold the equipment for investment and recognize the depreciation and service cost of the assets as cost of revenue from PPAs. At June 30, 2019, there were 37 GenKey sites and 9,802 units associated with PPAs, as compared to 33 sites and 6,858 units associated with PPAs at June 30, 2018. 148 Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2019 decreased 17.4% (as restated), or $1.9 million (as restated) to $8.8 million (as restated) from $10.7 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was a result of the decrease in the depreciation of capitalized leased asset and maintenance costs in the third quarter of 2018. Gross margin improved to (39.4)% (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to (143.6%) (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of the aforementioned decrease in the depreciation of capitalized leased asset costs and maintenance costs in the third quarter of 2018. The provision for common stock warrants from services performed on fuel cells systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 4.8% and 4.2% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased 10.1% (as restated), or $2.1 million (as restated) to $18.7 million (as restated) from $20.8 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin improved to (50.9)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to (92.1)% (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to decrease in depreciation of capitalized leased assets and offset by the increase in the level of provision for common stock warrants. The provision for common stock warrants from power purchase agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 5.4% and 2.8% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers. As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen and separately sells to its customers when delivered or dispensed. At June 30, 2019, there were 72 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 67 at June 30, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased 30.0% (as restated), or $2.6 million (as restated), to $11.1 million (as restated) from $8.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin improved to (57.2)% (as restated) during the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to (62.4)% (as restated) during the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the decrease in provision for common stock warrants, offset by the change in estimate related to a dispute on fuel billings with a vendor and an increase in depreciation on tanks and related fuel equipment due to investments made to improve fuel system efficiency. The provision for common stock warrants from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 4.8% and 18.6% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased 30.9% (as restated), or $5.0 million (as restated), to $21.3 million (as restated) from $16.3 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Gross margin improved to (55.8)% (as restated) during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to (59.1)% (as restated) during the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the decrease in privsion for common stock warrants, offset by the change in estimate related to a dispute on fuel billings with a vendor and an increase in depreciation on tanks and related fuel equipment due to investments made to improve fuel system efficiency. The provision for common stock warrants from fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 had a 5.4% and 14.9% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $0.8 million (as restated), or 27.9% (as restated), to $3.6 million (as restated), from $2.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily related to an increase in programs associated with improving product reliability to reduce ongoing service costs. Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 remained at $6.6 million (as restated), consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2018. 149 Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019, increased $2.3 million (as restated), or 20.3% (as restated), to $13.6 million from $11.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended June 30, 2018. This increase is primarily related to an increase in performance-based compensation during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019, increased $3.2 million (as restated), or 16.4% (as restated), to $22.8 million (as restated) from $19.6 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase is primarily related to an increase in performance-based compensation during the six months ended June 30, 2019, and by decrease in the legal accrual during the six months ended June 30, 2018. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. The Company entered into a series of finance obligations with Generate Lending LLC during 2018. Approximately $50.0 million of these finance obligations were terminated and replaced with long-term debt with Generate Lending LLC in March 2019. Additionally, in March of 2018, the Company issued convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Net interest and other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1.7 million (as restated), or 27.0% (as restated), as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. This increase is attributed to the increase in finance obligations/long-term debt during 2019 and the issuance of convertible senior notes in March of 2018, as mentioned above. Net interest and other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $6.9 million (as restated), or 72.3% (as restated), as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase is attributed to the increase in finance obligations/long-term debt during 2019 and the issuance of convertible senior notes in March of 2018, as mentioned above. Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the three months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in a decrease in the associated warrant liability of $1.7 million as compared to a decrease of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. These variances are primarily due to changes in the average remaining term, the increase Company’s common stock share price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate this fair value change. The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the six months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an increase in the associated warrant liability of $0.4 million as compared to a decrease of $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These variances are primarily due to changes in the average remaining term, the increase Company’s common stock share price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate this fair value change. Income taxes. The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 of $2.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to 150 additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes. The Company did not record any income tax expense or benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common shareholders of $47.9 million (as restated) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $85.7 million (as restated), $130.2 million (as restated) and $57.6 million (as restated)for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion (as restated) at June 30, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash used in operating activities was $48.3 million (as restated), consisting of a net loss attributable to the Company of $47.9 million (as restated), net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $19.1 million (as restated), and offset by the impact of non-cash charges/gains of $18.6 million (as restated). The changes in working capital were related to an increase in inventory, and prepaid expenses and other assets combined with a decrease in deferred revenue and offset by decreases in accounts receivable and increases in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. As of June 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $19.8 million and net working capital of $60.2 million (as restated). By comparison, at December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $38.6 million and net working capital of $2.8 million (as restated). Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019, totaled $6.3 million (as restated) and included purchases of property plant and equipment, purchases of intangible assets, outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to delivery of fuel to customers, as well as proceeds in connection with sales of equipment related to PPA and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers. Cash inflows from financing for the six months ended June 30, 2019 totaled $79.9 million (as restated) and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $28.3 million from the sale of our common stock, $100.0 million (as restated) 151 from a new debt facility, some of which was used to pay approximately $50.3 million of finance obligations and $17.6 million of previously outstanding long-term debt, including accrued interest. In addition, there was a $25.6 million increase in cash flows from new finance obligations. In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023 (Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after considering costs of the issuance, were approximately $95.9 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of a capped call and a common stock forward, both of which are hedges related to the Convertible Senior Notes. See Note 8, Convertible Senior notes for more details. The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). In connection with certain operating leases, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against our finance obligations. As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at June 30, 2019 is $121.3 million, which have been secured with restricted cash, security deposits and pledged service escrows of $122.8 million. The Company has a master lease agreement with Wells Fargo (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Walmart. The Wells Fargo MLA was entered into in 2017 and amended in 2018. Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart. The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo were $84.7 million at June 30, 2019. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2018 and 2019 were accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure were recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 and three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2017 were accounted for as capital leases. The difference in lease classification is due to changes in financing terms and their bearing on lease assessment criteria. Also included in the remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo is a sale/leaseback transaction in 2015 that was accounted for as an operating lease. In connection with the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company has a customer guarantee for a majority of the transactions. The Wells Fargo MLA transactions in 2018 and 2019 required a letter of credit for the unguaranteed portion totaling $28.5 million. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company entered into additional, similar master lease agreements with Wells Fargo and Crestmark to finance subscription programs with other customers. These financings were done in the form of sale/leaseback arrangements and accounted for as operating leases, hence sales of the fuel cell equipment were included in the three months ended June 30, 2019. Total remaining lease payments under these leases at June 30, 2019 were $26.3 million. These lease payments are secured by cash collateral and letters of credit backed by restricted cash. In November 2018, the Company completed a private placement of an aggregate of 35,000 shares of the Company’s Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series E Preferred Stock) resulting in net proceeds of approximately $30.9 million. See Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock for additional information. In March 2019, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital) borrowing $85.0 million. The initial proceeds of the loan were used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt and accrued interest of $17.6 million, under the loan agreement with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NY Green Bank) and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC as well as repurchase of the associated leased equipment. During April 2019, the Company borrowed an additional $15.0 million under this debt facility. See Note 7, Long-Term Debt for additional information. In March 2019, the Company sold 10 million shares of common stock for an issue price of $2.35 per share resulting in net proceeds of $23.5 million. 152 In the second quarter of 2019, the Company issued 2.1 million shares of common stock through its At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM) resulting in net proceeds of $5.5 million. There were no ATM transactions in the first quarter of 2019. We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of common and preferred stock, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings, and Convertible Senior Notes. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity offerings, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Additionally, the Company has other capital sources available, including the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement. Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
Long-Term Debt In March 2019, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered in to a loan and security agreement, as amended (the Loan Agreement) with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100.0 million (the Term Loan Facility). The Company borrowed $85.0 million under the Loan Agreement on the date of closing and borrowed an additional $15.0 million in April 2019. A portion of the initial proceeds of the loan were used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt, including accrued interest of $17.6 million under the loan and security agreement, dated as of July 21, 2017, by and among the Company, Emerging, Emergent and NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (the Green Bank Loan) and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC and repurchase the associated leased equipment. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million. This loss was recorded in interest and other expenses, net in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, $1.7 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees for the Green Bank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. This amount paid to an escrow account is recorded in long-term other assets on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019. On June 30, 2019, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $99.9 million. The net loan proceeds of $32.1 million are being used to fund working capital for ongoing deployments and other general corporate purposes of the Company. Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest of 12.0% per annum. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 13, 2022. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable on the 153 maturity date of December 13, 2022. The Company may also be required to pay Generate Capital additional fees of up to $1.5 million if the Company is unable to provide $50.0 million of structured project financing arrangements with Generate Capital prior to December 31, 2021. All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant that is first measured on December 31, 2019 and is based on certain factors that are yet to be determined and on a third party valuation that has yet to be completed. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. The Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years may not exceed (in thousands):
Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes were as follows:
The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. 154 Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Senior Notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes or in connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the Convertible Senior Notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Senior Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. 155 In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of approximately $3.2 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The Convertible Senior Notes consist of the following at June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
As of June 30, 2019 the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes is approximately 45 months. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $2.25 on June 30, 2019, the if-converted value of the Convertible Senior Notes was less than the principal amount. At June 30, 2019, the carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes, excluding unamortized debt issue costs, approximates the fair value. Capped Call In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call) on the Company’s common stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the Capped Call transactions will initially be $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per 156 share on the date of the transaction, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Senior Notes. Common Stock Forward In connection with the sale of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (Common Stock Forward), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured each reporting period. Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Amazon Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the Amazon Warrant Shares), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. Additionally, Amazon and the Company will begin working together on technology collaboration, exploring the expansion of applications for the Company’s line of ProGen fuel cell engines. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide 157 for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. Because the Amazon Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Amazon must achieve for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Amazon Warrant Shares is the date on which the Amazon Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Amazon Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2.0 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the Walmart Transaction Agreement), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the Walmart Warrant Shares). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares, is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the 2017 unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares will be $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon 158 exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. Because the Walmart Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Walmart must achieve for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Walmart Warrant Shares is the date on which the Walmart Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Walmart Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Walmart Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Walmart and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Walmart Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Walmart Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Walmart Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $3.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Common Stock Issuance In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $23.5 million. At Market Issuance Sales Agreement On April 3, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the Sales Agreement) with FBR Capital Markets & Co., as sales agent (“FBR”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of common stock par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. Under the Sales Agreement, in no event shall the Company issue or sell through FBR such a number of shares that exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount of common stock registered. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company raised $5.5 million. There were no ATM transactions in the first quarter of 2019. During July and August of 2019 the Company raised an additional $8.8 million through ATM. As of July 31, 2019 the Company has raised a total of $45.8 million during the term of the Sales Agreement. Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of June 30, 2019, the Company had operating and finance leases, as lessee. These leases expire over the next one to eight years. Minimum rent payments under operating and finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At June 30, 2019, operating lease liabilities totaled $38.1 million, of which $7.5 million is due in the next twelve months. These operating leases were primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows, as summarized below. At June 30, 2019, finance lease liabilities totaled $2.4 million, of which $0.3 million is due in the next twelve months. These finance lease liabilities are primarily associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York. The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. Additionally, the Company has entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as finance obligations. At June 30, 2019, finance obligations totaled $89.4 million, of which $12.5 million is due in the next twelve months. 159 Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $32.5 million is required to be restricted as security and will be released over the lease term. The Company also has certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $82.9 million that are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements. The Company also has letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million at June 30, 2019 associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. Cash collateralizing this letter of credit is also considered restricted cash. Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In
Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In
In In November 2018, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808), was issued to In August 2018, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-05, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), was issued to In January 2017, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating In August 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows, was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, was issued. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities account for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU requires a number of changes to the assessment of credit losses, including the utilization of an expected credit loss model, which requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the asset, including losses where probability is considered remote. Additionally, the standard requires the estimation of lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that are classified as current. This update is effective beginning after January 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. 161 Comparison of three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying restated unaudited interim consolidated financial statements disclosed in financial statement Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Results of Operations as Restated Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site. In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon and Walmart warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. Beginning in September 2018, the provision for common stock warrants is allocated to our individual revenue line items based on estimated contractual cash flows by revenue stream. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with current period presentation. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
Revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit (loss) and gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were as follows, as restated, (in thousands):
162 Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased $8.1 million (as restated), or 76.0% (as restated), to $2.6 million (as restated) from $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.3 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The main drivers for the decrease in revenue weredecreases in GenDrive and infrastructure site deployment. There were 94 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 304 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Zero hydrogen installations during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were recognized as revenue, compared to three during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. At March 31, 2019, there were 11,760 fuel cell units and 42 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, an increase from 9,999 fuel cell units and 35 hydrogen installations at March 31, 2018, respectively. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $0.9 million, or 15.7%, to $6.3 million from $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, positively impacting the change in revenue. The increase in service revenues was primarily due to the increase in units under service contracts. The average number of units under extended maintenance contracts during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 11,921, compared to 9,883 during the three months ended March 31, 2018.This 20.6% increase in average units serviced throughout the three months is directionally consistent with the increase in revenue, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. The equipment and service can be associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company. Alternatively, the Company can retain the equipment as leased property and provide it to customers under PPAs. At March 31, 2019, there were 37 GenKey sites associated with PPAs, as compared to 33 at March 31, 2018. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $0.7 million (as restated), or 12.3% (as restated), to $6.0 million (as restated) from $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The increase in revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 is attributable to an increase in PPA sites offset by the increase in provision for common stock warrants. Revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party. As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen, which is then sold to its customers. At March 31, 2019, there were 72 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 61 at March 31, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $1.6 million, or 33.0%, to $6.6 million from $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Included within revenue was provision for common stock warrants of $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in revenue is due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2019, compared to 2018, as well as increases in fuel prices and a decrease in provision for common stock warrants. The average number of sites receiving fuel deliveries was 72 during the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 60 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 163 Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations. Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased 77.3% (as restated), or $7.9 million (as restated), to $2.3 million (as restated), compared to $10.2 million (as restated) the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease is driven by the previously stated decrease in GenDrive deployment volume. Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure increased to 9.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 3.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to the mix of Gendrive units recognized as revenue and the decrease in the number of hydrogen infrastructure sites deployed. Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. At March 31, 2019, there were 11,760 fuel cell units and 42 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, an increase from 9,999 fuel cell units and 35 hydrogen installations at March 31, 2018, respectively. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased 10.0% (as restated), or $0.8 million (as restated), to $6.8 million (as restated), compared to $7.5 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Gross margin improved to (7.1)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to (37.6)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to reductions in costs from changes in product configuration, and improved leverage as the number of units in the field increases. Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes payments made to financial institutions for equipment and service used to fulfill the PPAs, and depreciation of equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to the delivery of fuel to customers. Equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to the delivery of fuel to customers are associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back, and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company. Alternatively, the Company can hold the equipment for investment and recognize the depreciation and service cost of the assets as cost of revenue from PPAs. At March 31, 2019, there were 37 GenKey sites associated with PPAs, as compared to 33 at March 31, 2018. Cost of revenue from PPAs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased $0.2 million (as restated), or 2.4% (as restated), to $9.8 million (as restated) from $10.1 million (as restated)for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decreasee was a result of the decrease in the depreciation of capitalized leased asset and maintenance costs in the third quarter of 2018. Gross margin improved to (62.9)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to (87.5)% (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of the aforementioned decrease in depreciation of capitliazed leased asset and maintenance costs in the third quarter of 2018. Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers. As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen and separately sells to its customers when delivered or dispensed. At March 31, 2019, there were 72 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 61 at March 31, 2018. The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $2.5 million (as restated), or 31.9% (as restated), to $10.2 million (as restated) from $7.7 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Gross margin improved slightly to (54.2)% (as restated) during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to (55.5)% during the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to the decrease in the amount of provision for common stock warrants, offset by an increase in depreciation on tanks and related fuel equipment due to investments made to improve fuel system efficiency. The provision for common stock warrants from fuel delivered 164 to customers for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 had a 6.0% and 10.6% negative impact on revenue, respectively. Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased $.8 million (as restated), or 20.2% (as restated) to $3.0 million (as restated), from $3.8 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily related to a cost reimbursement from a vendor associated with a field replacement program for certain composite fuel tanks that did not meet the supply contract standard as determined by the Company and manufacturer. Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $.9 million (as restated), or 11.0% (as restated), to $9.2 million (as restated) from $8.3 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase is primarily related to decrease in legal accruals during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Interest and other expense, net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. The Company entered into a series of finance obligations with Generate Lending LLC during 2018. Approximately $50.0 million of these finance obligations were terminated and replaced with long-term debt with Generate Lending LLC in March 2019. Additionally, in March of 2018, the Company issued convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Net interest and other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $5.2 million (as restated), or 159.7% (as restated), as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase is attributed to the increase in finance leases/long-term debt and the issuance of convertible senior notes, as mentioned above. Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability. The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulted in an increase in the associated warrant liability of $2.1 million as compared to a decrease of $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. These variances are primarily due to changes in the average remaining term, the increase Company’s common stock share price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model used to calculate this fair value change. Income taxes. The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $3.0 million as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes. The Company did not record any income tax expense or benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The Company has not changed its overall 165 conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel, continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common shareholders of $30.6 million (as restated) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $85.7 million (as restated), $130.2 million and $57.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion (as restated) at March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities was $35.7 million (as restated), consisting of a net loss attributable to the Company of $30.5 million (as restated), net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $17.0 million (as restated), and offset by the impact of non-cash charges/gains of $11.9 million (as restated). The changes in working capital were related to an increase in inventory, and decreases in deferred revenue, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities offset by decreases in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, and other assets. As of March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $39.3 million and net working capital of $82.2 million (as restated). By comparison, at December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $38.6 million and net working capital of $2.8 million (as restated). Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, totaled $2.3 million and included purchases of property, plant and equipment and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new equipment related to PPAs and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $37.1 million and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $23.5 million from the sale of our common stock, as well as $84.8 million (as restated) from a new debt facility some of which was used to pay approximately $50.3 million of finance obligations and $17.6 million of previously outstanding long-term debt, including accrued interest. 166 In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023 (Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after considering costs of the issuance, were approximately $95.9 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of a capped call and a common stock forward, both of which are hedges related to the Convertible Senior Notes. The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). In connection with certain operating leases, the financial institutions require the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s finance obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make payments against our finance obligations. As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements at March 31, 2019 is $77.5 million, which have been secured with restricted cash, security deposits and pledged service escrows of $78.2 million. The Company has a master lease agreement with Wells Fargo (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Walmart. The Wells Fargo MLA was entered into in 2017 and amended in 2018. Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart. The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo was $64.9 million at March 31, 2019. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2018 were accounted for as operating leases and therefore the sales of the fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure were recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018. Transactions completed under the Wells Fargo MLA in 2017 were accounted for as capital leases. The difference in lease classification is due to changes in financing terms and their bearing on lease assessment criteria. Also included in the remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo is a sale/leaseback transaction in 2015 that was accounted for as an operating lease. In connection with the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company has a customer guarantee for a majority of the transactions. The Wells Fargo transactions in 2018 required a letter of credit for the unguaranteed portion totaling $20.1 million. No sale/leaseback transactions under the Wells Fargo MLA were entered into during the three months ended March 31, 2019. In November 2018, the Company completed a private placement of an aggregate of 35,000 shares of the Company’s Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series E Preferred Stock) resulting in net proceeds of approximately $30.9 million. In March 2019 the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Generate Lending, LLC borrowing $85.0 million. The initial proceeds of the loan were used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt and accrued interest of $17.6 million, under the loan agreement with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NY Green Bank) and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC as well as repurchase of the associated leased equipment. During April 2019, the Company borrowed an additional $15.0 million under this debt facility. In March 2019 the Company sold 10 million shares of common stock for an issue price of $2.35 per share resulting in net proceeds of $23.5 million. 167 We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of common and preferred stock, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financings, and Convertible Senior Notes. The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity offerings, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company. This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Additionally, the Company has other capital sources available, including the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement. Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table, as restated, (in thousands):
Long-Term Debt In March 2019 the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc., entered in to a loan and security agreement, as amended (the “Loan Agreement”) with Generate Lending, LLC (“Generate Capital”), providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). The Company borrowed $85.0 million under the Loan Agreement on the date of closing and borrowed an additional $15.0 million in April 2019. A portion of the initial proceeds of the loan were used to pay in full the Company’s long-term debt, including accrued interest of $17.6 million under the loan and security agreement, dated as of July 21, 2017, by and among the Company, Emerging, Emergent and NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (the “Green Bank Loan”) and terminate approximately $50.3 million of certain equipment leases with Generate Plug Power SLB II, LLC and repurchase the associated leased equipment. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.5 million. This loss was recorded in interest and other expenses, net in the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, $1.7 million was paid to an escrow account related to additional fees for the Green Bank Loan if the Company does not meet certain New York State employment and fuel cell deployment targets by March 2021. This amount paid to an escrow account is recorded in long-term other assets on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019. On March 31, 2019, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $85.0 million. The collective balance of $32.1 million in loan proceeds will be used to fund working capital for ongoing deployments and other general corporate purposes of the Company. Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest of 12.00% per annum. The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 13, 2022. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable on the maturity date of December 13, 2022. The Company may also be required to pay Generate Capital additional fees of up to $1.5 million if the Company is unable to provide $50.0 million of structured project financing arrangements with Generate Capital prior to December 31, 2021. All obligations under the Loan Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, 168 including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales and (iii) compliance with a collateral coverage covenant that is first measured on December 31, 2019 and is based on certain factors that are yet to be determined and on a third party valuation that has yet to be completed. The Loan Agreement also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender. The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement. The Term Loan Facility requires the principal balance at the end of each of the following years may not exceed (in thousands):
Convertible Senior Notes In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes were as follows:
The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company. Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Senior Notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Holders of these Convertible Senior Notes may convert their 169 Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:
On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. Holders who convert their Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes or in connection with a redemption will be, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may not redeem the Convertible Senior Notes prior to March 20, 2021. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Senior Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after March 20, 2021 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs 170 incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of approximately $3.2 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The Convertible Senior Notes consist of the following at March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2019 the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes is approximately 48 months. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $2.40 on March 31, 2019, the if-converted value of the Convertible Senior Notes was approximately $104.7 million. At March 31, 2019, the carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes, excluding unamortized debt issue costs, approximates the fair value. Capped Call In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call) on the Company’s common stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet. The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the Capped Call transactions will initially be $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. 171 By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Senior Notes. Common Stock Forward In connection with the sale of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (Common Stock Forward), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured each reporting period. Amazon Transaction Agreement On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. Additionally, Amazon and the Company will begin working together on technology collaboration, exploring the expansion of applications for the Company’s line of ProGen fuel cell engines. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the 2017 consolidated statements of operations. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares will be $1.1893 per share. After Amazon has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. 172 Because the Amazon Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Amazon must achieve for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Amazon Warrant Shares is the date on which the Amazon Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Amazon Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Amazon Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Amazon and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Amazon Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Amazon Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Amazon Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 20,368,782 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares, is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the 2017 consolidated statements of operations. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares will be $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. These warrants are classified as equity instruments. Because the Walmart Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Walmart must achieve for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Walmart Warrant Shares is the date on which the Walmart Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Walmart Warrant Shares is 173 being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Walmart Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Walmart and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Walmart Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Walmart Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Walmart Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Common Stock Issuance In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $23.5 million. At Market Issuance Sales Agreement On April 3, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co., as sales agent (“FBR”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of common stock par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. Under the Sales Agreement, in no event shall the Company issue or sell through FBR such a number of shares that exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount of common stock registered. The Company has raised $30.2 million to date during the term of the Sales Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 the Company did not issue any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. Lessee Obligations and Finance Obligations As of March 31, 2019, the Company had operating and finance leases, as lessee. These leases expire over the next one to eight years. Minimum rent payments under operating and finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At March 31, 2019, operating lease liabilities totaled $32.7 million, of which $7.0 million is due in the next twelve months. These operating leases were primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows, as summarized below. At March 31, 2019, finance lease liabilities totaled $2.4 million, of which $0.2 million is due in the next twelve months. These finance lease liabilities are primarily associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York. The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. Additionally, the Company has entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as finance obligations. At March 31, 2019, finance obligations totaled $65.9 million, of which $11.0 million is due in the next twelve months. Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $34.3 million is required to be restricted as security and will be released over the lease term. The Company also has certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $35.1 million that are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements The Company also has letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $0.5 million at March 31, 2019 associated with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building. Cash collateralizing this letter of credit is also considered restricted cash. 174 Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, operating and finance leases, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In November 2018, an accounting update was issued to clarify the interaction between ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, and Topic 606. Adoption of this update is effective for all reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, an accounting update was issued to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in cloud computing arrangement (hosting arrangement) by providing guidance for determining when the arrangement includes a software license. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption of the amendments in this update are permitted. The Company is evaluating the adoption method and impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by 175 comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This accounting update is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
respective instrument. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions in any material fashion, except for the Capped Call purchased in May 2020, and March 2018, respectively, related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Additionally, the Company purchased a Common Stock
Our exposure to changes in foreign currency rates is primarily related to sourcing inventory from foreign locations and operations of HyPulsion, S.A.S., our French subsidiary that develops and sells hydrogen fuel cell systems for the European material handling market. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes, together with the report of independent registered public accounting firm, appear at pages F-1 through Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act,
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of December 31, 176 and procedures were not effective because of the material Notwithstanding such material (b)Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting includes controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, under the oversight of our Board, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Management identified
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, who audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K issued an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. KPMG LLP’s report appears on page Remediation Activities
As we work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may modify our remediation plan and may implement additional measures as we continue to review, optimize and enhance our financial reporting controls and procedures in the ordinary course. The material 178 (c)Changes in Exclusive of the steps taken
Item 9B. Other Information On May 13, 2021, the Board amended and restated the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Bylaws in order to clarify and update certain provisions as well as to (i) expressly provide for virtual stockholder meetings by remote communication (Article I, Section 4), (ii) eliminate the requirement to provide notice of any adjourned meeting of the Board (Article II, Section 9), (iii) provide that shares of all classes or series of the Company’s stock may be uncertificated (Article IV, Section 1), and (iv) designate the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive jurisdiction for any litigation arising under the Securities Act (Article VI, Section 8). The Board approved the Amended and Restated Bylaws, among other reasons, to align them with current governance practices and, in respect of the exclusive federal forum provision, in order to seek to reduce any potential expenses that the Company may incur in connection with any actions or proceedings by seeking to avoid the Company being required to defend any such potential actions or proceedings in multiple jurisdictions and in parallel proceedings in federal and state courts simultaneously.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Directors Set forth below is certain information regarding the directors of the Company as of April 28, 2021. The biographies of each of the directors below contains information regarding the person’s service as a director, business experience, director positions held currently or at any time during the last five years, and information regarding the experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that caused the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board to determine that the person should serve as a director. Class I Directors
180
181 Class II Directors
182
Class III Directors
183
Investor Agreement Pursuant to the Investor Agreement described under Part III. “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions, and Director Independence,” Grove Energy Capital LLC (“Grove Energy”), a subsidiary of SK Holdings, is entitled to designate one person (the “SK Designee”) to be appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company. Grove Energy has the right to require the Board to nominate a SK Designee for election to the Board by the stockholders of the 184 Company at annual stockholder meetings until the earliest of (i) the date on which Grove Energy and affiliates beneficially own less than 4.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock, (ii) February 24, 2023, in the event that the Company and SK E&S have not entered into a definitive joint venture agreement with respect to a joint venture in Asia (the “Asia JV Agreement”), and (iii) any expiration or termination of the Asia JV Agreement. Grove Energy selected Mr. Song as the SK Designee and the Board of Directors appointed Mr. Song as a director of the Company on February 24, 2021. Executive Officers The names and ages of all executive officers of the Company and the principal occupation and business experience for at least the last five years for each are set forth below as of April 28, 2021.
Andrew J. Marsh’s biographical information can be found in “Directors” above. Paul B. Middleton joined Plug Power as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 2014. Prior to Plug Power, Mr. Middleton worked at Rogers Corp., a global manufacturer and distributor of specialty polymer composite materials and components, from 2001 to 2014. During his tenure at Rogers Corp., Mr. Middleton served in many senior financial leadership roles, including Corporate Controller and Principal Accounting Officer, Treasurer and Interim Chief Financial Officer. Prior to Rogers Corp., Mr. Middleton managed all financial administration for the tools division of Coopers Industries from 1997 to 2001. Mr. Middleton holds a Master of Science in Accounting and a BBA from the University of Central Florida. Additionally, he is a Certified Public Accountant. Keith C. Schmid joined Plug Power as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in 2013. Mr. Schmid served as President of SPS Solutions, a power solutions and energy storage consulting firm, from 2011 to 2013. Previously, Mr. Schmid served as Chief Executive Officer of Boston-Power Incorporated, a provider of large format lithium ion battery solutions, in 2011, and as President and Chief Executive Officer of Power Distribution Incorporated, a power distribution and protection company, from 2007 to 2010. In addition, Mr. Schmid held the position of General Manager, Industrial Energy Division-Americas for Exide Technologies, a multinational lead-acid batteries manufacturing company, from 2001 to 2007. Mr. Schmid holds a Master of Science degree in Engineering and a Master in Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Gerard L. Conway, Jr. has served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Plug Power since September 2004 and, since March 2009, has also served as Senior Vice President of Plug Power. In that capacity, Mr. Conway is responsible for advising the Company on legal issues such as corporate law, securities, contracts, strategic alliances and intellectual property. He also serves as the Compliance Officer for securities matters affecting the Company. During his tenure at Plug Power, Mr. Conway served as Vice President of Government Relations from 2005 to June 2008 and in that capacity he advocated on energy issues, policies, legislation and regulations on the state, federal, national and international levels on behalf of the Company and the alternative energy sector. Prior to his appointment to his current position, Mr. Conway served as Associate General Counsel and Director of Government Relations for the Company beginning in July 2000. Prior to joining Plug Power, Mr. Conway spent four years as an Associate with Featherstonhaugh, Conway, Wiley & Clyne, LLP, where he concentrated in government relations, business and corporate law. Mr. Conway has more than 20 years of experience in general business, corporate real estate and government relations. Mr. Conway holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Philosophy from Colgate University and a Juris Doctorate from Boston University School of Law. 185 Sanjay K. Shrestha joined the Company as Chief Strategy Officer in 2019. Prior to joining Plug Power, Mr. Shrestha served as the Chief Investment Officer of Sky Solar Holdings, which owned and operated solar projects in Japan, Europe and the Americas, and President of Sky Capital America, which owned and operated solar projects in North and South America, since 2015. Under his leadership, Sky Capital America built and acquired over 100MW of operating solar assets and secured a pipeline over 100MW. He also sourced various types of financing solutions to support this growth, including project debt, construction equity and long-term equity. Before global solar IPP, he led the renewables investment banking effort at FBR Capital Markets since 2013. During 2014, and under his leadership, the firm was ranked among the top renewable energy underwriters in the United States. Prior to joining FBR Capital Markets, Mr. Shrestha was the global head of renewables research coverage at Lazard Capital Markets. During his tenure at Lazard Capital Markets, he was a member of the Institutional Investor All America Research team and was also ranked as one of the top five stock pickers on a global basis. Prior to Lazard Capital Markets, Mr. Shrestha was at First Albany Capital, where he built the firm’s renewables and industrial research practice. Mr. Shrestha serves as an independent director on the board of directors of Fusemachines, an artificial intelligence talent and education solutions company. Mr. Shrestha received a Bachelor of Science from The College of Saint Rose. He brings to the Company almost two decades of experience in the broader clean tech sector. Jose Luis Crespo joined the Company as Vice President of Business and International Sales in 2014. He was promoted to Vice President of Global Sales in January of 2015 and in 2016 he was also named General Manager for Hypulsion, the Company’s wholly owned European subsidiary. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Crespo served as Vice President of International Value Stream at Smiths Power, a supplier of power distribution, conditioning, protection and monitoring solutions for data centers, wireless communications and other critical or high-value electrical systems, from 2009 to 2013. Mr. Crespo holds a Master in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix and a degree in Telecommunications Engineering from the Engineering University of Madrid, Spain. Martin D. Hull joined Plug Power as Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in April 2015. Prior to that, he was a principal and director with the certified public accounting firm of Marvin and Company, P.C. from November 2012 to March 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Hull was with KPMG LLP, serving as partner from October 2004 to September 2012, and has a total of 24 years of public accounting experience. Mr. Hull holds a Bachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Accounting from the University of Notre Dame. Risk Management Our Board of Directors plays a central role in overseeing and evaluating risk. While it is management’s responsibility to identify and manage our exposure to risk on a day-to-day basis, the Board routinely discusses these risks with management and actively oversees our risk-management procedures and protocols. The Board regularly receives reports from senior management on areas of material risk to the Company, including operational, financial, legal, regulatory and strategic risks. In addition, each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee exercises oversight and provides guidance relating to the particular risks within the purview of each committee, as well as making periodic reports to the full Board. The Board and each of these committees regularly discuss with management our major risk exposures, their potential financial impact on Plug Power and the steps we take to manage them. The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of Company risks relating to accounting matters, financial reporting and legal and regulatory compliance, while the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for oversight of risks relating to management and Board succession planning. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the oversight of risks related to compensation matters. The Chief Financial Officer and the General Counsel report to the Board regarding ongoing risk management activities at the regularly scheduled, quarterly Board meetings and may report on risk management activities more frequently, as appropriate. Additionally, risk management is a standing agenda item for the regularly scheduled, quarterly Audit Committee meetings. Board of Directors Leadership Structure The positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board are currently separated, with Andrew J. Marsh serving as our Chief Executive Officer since 2008 and George C. McNamee serving as Chairman of the Board since 186 1997. Separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on the Company’s day-to-day business operations, while allowing the Chairman to lead the Board in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. The Board recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer is required to devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to serve as our Chairman. While our By-laws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, the Board believes that our current leadership structure is appropriate because it provides an effective balance between strategy development and independent leadership and management oversight. If the position of Chairman is vacant, or if he or she is absent, the Chief Executive Officer will preside, when present, at meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors. Committees of the Board of Directors The Board has established three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Audit Committee Our Board has established an Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The members of our Audit Committee consist of Dr. Kenausis (Chair), Mr. Willis, and Ms. Helmer. Each member of the Audit Committee qualifies as an independent director as defined in the Marketplace Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “NASDAQ Rules”) and the applicable rules of the SEC. Our Board has determined that Dr. Kenausis qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in the applicable rules of the SEC. Dr. Kenausis’ designation by our Board as an “audit committee financial expert” is not intended to be a representation that he is an expert for any purpose as a result of such designation, nor is it intended to impose on him any duties, obligations, or liability greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on him as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board in the absence of such designation. The Audit Committee, among other matters, is responsible for (i) appointing the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, (ii) evaluating such independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance, (iii) determining the compensation for such independent registered public accounting firm, and (iv) pre-approving all audit and non-audit services. Additionally, the Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting processes and the integrated audit of the Company’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, including the work of the independent registered public accounting firm. A more complete description of the Audit Committee’s functions is set forth in the Audit Committee’s charter which is published on the “Investors” section of the Company’s website at www.plugpower.com. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Compensation Committee The Compensation Committee consists of Messrs. Willis (Chair), Roth and McNamee, each of whom is an independent director under Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee The Governance Committee consists of Ms. Helmer (Chair) and Messrs. Roth, Schneider and Silver, each of whom is an independent director under the NASDAQ Rules. The Governance Committee’s responsibilities include 187 (i) establishing criteria for Board and committee membership, (ii) considering director nominations consistent with the requirement that a majority of the Board be comprised of independent directors as defined in the NASDAQ Rules, (iii) identifying individuals qualified to become Board members, and (iv) selecting the director nominees for election at each annual meeting of stockholders. The Governance Committee is also responsible for developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company and periodically reviewing such guidelines and recommending any changes thereto. A more complete description of the Governance Committee’s functions is set forth in the Governance Committee’s charter, which is published on the “Investors” section of the Company’s website at www.plugpower.com. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s officers, as defined by Section 16, directors, and persons or entities who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the SEC. Such persons or entities are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. To our knowledge, based on our review of the copies of such filings and based on written representations, we believe that all such persons and entities complied on a timely basis with all Section 16(a) filing requirements during the fiscal year ended December 31,
Code of Conduct
We have adopted a code of conduct applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Our code of conduct is a “code of ethics” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K and embodies our principles and practices relating to the ethical conduct of our business and our long-standing commitment to honesty, fair dealing and full compliance with all laws affecting our business. In the event that we amend or waive certain provisions of our code of conduct in a manner that requires disclosure under applicable rules, we intend to provide such required disclosure on our website in accordance with applicable SEC and NASDAQ Rules. Our code of ethics is available on our website at www.plugpower.com under Investor Relations. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 188
Item 11. Executive Compensation Compensation Discussion and Analysis This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) discusses our compensation policies and determinations that apply to our named executive officers. When we refer to our “named executive officers” we are referring to the following individuals:
While the discussion in the CD&A is focused on our named executive officers, many of our executive compensation programs apply broadly across our executive ranks. The following discussion should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. Executive Summary Our Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic Like all companies, Plug Power was impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. We rose to the challenge and our response is reflective of our culture and our commitment to our employees, to our customers and to society. Below are a few highlights:
189 The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of innovative technology-driven solutions and imaginative human capital management to address an unprecedented crisis; it has also revealed just how interconnected we are as a society. We are proud of our Company’s response, and we are grateful for the extraordinary contribution of our employees to the success of Plug Power. 2020 Business and Strategic Highlights 2020 was an exceptional year for the Company. The Company successfully executed on its strategic growth pillars to reach significant milestones during 2020. 2020 results include the following achievements that impacted executive compensation:
In addition, the Company made significant progress in solidifying its global leadership position in green hydrogen solutions by executing term sheets for a joint venture in France with Groupe Renault, a top automotive player, and a joint venture in Asia with a subsidiary of SK Holdings to bring hydrogen solutions to Korea, China and Vietnam, which joint ventures were announced in January 2021. Stockholder Value Creation Below is a line graph comparing the percentage change in the cumulative total return of the Company’s common stock, based on the market price of the Company’s common stock, with the total return of companies included within the NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index (CELS) and the companies included within the Russell 2000 Index (RUT) for the period commencing December 31, 2015 and ending December 31, 2020. The calculation of the cumulative total return 190 assumes a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock, the NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index (CELS) and the Russell 2000 Index (RUT) Index on December 31, 2015 and the reinvestment of all dividends, if any.
Executive Compensation Program Our goal is to retain and attract experienced and talented executive officers and to motivate them to achieve our short-term and long-term financial, operational and strategic objectives that produce and promote stockholder value. To achieve this goal, we strongly emphasize a culture of pay for performance in order to provide incentives and accountability for our executive officers in working toward the achievement of our objectives. Accordingly, we have designed our incentive compensation programs with the goal of ensuring that actual pay varies above or below targeted compensation 191 opportunity based on achievement of challenging performance goals and demonstration of meaningful individual commitment and contribution. Base salary reflects received base salary in fiscal 2020. Key elements of our compensation programs include the following:
Executive Compensation Practices The Compensation Committee reviews on an ongoing basis the Company’s executive compensation program to evaluate whether it supports the Company’s executive compensation objectives and is aligned with stockholder interests. 192 Our executive compensation practices include the following, each of which the Compensation Committee believes reinforces our executive compensation objectives:
Setting Executive Compensation The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing, and recommending to the Board for approval, the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers. The Compensation Committee is composed entirely of non-employee directors who are “independent” as that term is defined in the applicable NASDAQ Rules. In making its recommendations regarding executive compensation, our Compensation Committee annually reviews the performance of our executives with our Chief Executive Officer, and our Chief Executive Officer makes recommendations to our Compensation Committee with respect to the appropriate base salary, annual incentive bonuses and performance measures, and grants of long-term equity incentive awards for each of our executives other than himself. The Chairman of the Compensation Committee makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation. The Compensation Committee makes its determination regarding executive compensation and then makes a recommendation to the Board for approval. The Board discusses the Compensation Committee’s recommendations and ultimately approves the compensation of the executive officers. In setting executive base salaries and annual cash bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, the Compensation Committee and the Board consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the historical compensation levels of our executives, individual performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, our desire to motivate our employees to achieve short and long-term results that are in the best interests of our stockholders, and a long-term commitment to our Company. Independent Compensation Consultant For purposes of evaluating 2020 compensation for each of our named executive officers and making 2020 compensation decisions, our Compensation Committee retained Radford as its independent compensation consultant. Radford has not performed services for the Company other than consulting services related to the compensation and benefits of our executives and directors. Radford assisted the Compensation Committee in the development of a 193 compensation peer group and provided their market analysis of the various components of compensation for the named executive officer positions, including base salary, annual cash bonus and equity compensation. Our Compensation Committee has analyzed whether the work of Radford raised any conflict of interest, taking into account relevant factors in accordance with SEC guidelines. Based on its analysis, our Compensation Committee determined that the engagement of Radford does not create any conflict of interest pursuant to the SEC guidelines and NASDAQ Rules. Peer Group Selection and Market Data In evaluating the total compensation of our named executive officers, our Compensation Committee, using information provided by Radford, established a peer group of publicly traded companies. Developing a compensation peer group for the Company for compensation comparison purposes is challenging because there are few pure fuel cell peer companies that are publicly-traded, stand-alone, U.S.-based and size-appropriate. Nonetheless, we strive to establish a peer group that provides appropriate compensation data for evaluating the competitiveness of our compensation program and we believe that the mix of companies in the technology and fuel cell industries that comprise our compensation peer group provides appropriate reference points for compensation and performance comparisons. However, the companies in our peer group have historically differed from the companies used as peers by some proxy advisory firms. These differences in the composition of compensation peer groups can result in substantial differences in how such firms view our compensation relative to our peers. Our 2020 peer group was selected based on a balance of the following criteria:
It is important to note that while any one individual peer company will not be fully reflective of Plug Power’s size, business model and industry, the peer group, as a whole, aims to reasonably represent Plug Power’s competitive market for executive talent, business characteristics, and business stage. Based on these criteria, our peer group for 2020, as approved by our Compensation Committee, was comprised of the following 22 companies:
194 Based on data compiled by Radford at the time of the peer group review, our revenues and market capitalization margin were at the 12th and 49th percentiles, respectively, in relation to the peer group. As an additional reference, our Compensation Committee also uses data from the Radford Global Technology executive compensation survey (the “Radford Survey”) to evaluate the competitive market generally when formulating its recommendation for the total direct compensation packages for our executive officers. The Radford Survey provides compensation market intelligence and is widely used within the technology industry. Due to the nature of our business, we also compete for executive talent with companies outside our peer group, including public companies that are larger and more established than we are or that possess greater resources than we do, and with smaller private companies that may be able to offer greater compensation potential. In setting compensation, the Compensation Committee considers each executive’s level and job performance, his duties and responsibilities at the Company compared to the duties and responsibilities of executive officers in similar positions at the peer group companies and in the survey data, other circumstances unique to the Company, and evaluates whether the compensation elements and levels provided to our executives are generally appropriate relative to their responsibilities at the Company and compensation elements and levels provided to their counterparts in the peer group or within survey data. The Compensation Committee considers both objective and subjective criteria to evaluate Company and individual performance, which allows it to exercise informed judgment and not rely solely on rigid benchmarks. Accordingly, the Compensation Committee does not formulaically tie compensation decisions to any particular percentile level of total compensation paid to executives at the peer group companies or survey data. Looking ahead to 2021 − Our peer group for 2021, as approved by our Compensation Committee, is comprised of the following 22 companies:
Our revenues and market capitalization margin were at the 23rd and 100th percentiles, respectively, in relation to the peer group. Role of Stockholder Say-on-Pay We pay careful attention to any feedback we receive from our stockholders about our executive compensation program. At our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we conducted our annual non-binding, advisory vote on the compensation of our named executive officers, commonly referred to as a “say-on-pay” vote, in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. Approximately 81% of the votes cast by stockholders on this proposal were cast in support of the compensation paid to our named executive officers. Although the results of the say-on-pay vote are advisory and not binding on the Company, the Board or the Compensation Committee, we value 195 the opinions of our stockholders and take the results of the say-on-pay vote into account when making decisions regarding the compensation of our named executive officers. Our Executive Compensation Program The primary components of our executive compensation program are base salary, annual cash incentive bonuses and long-term equity incentive compensation. Consistent with the emphasis we place on pay-for-performance, annual performance-based bonuses and long-term equity incentive compensation in the form of stock options, premium priced stock options and restricted stock constitute a significant portion of our total executive compensation. Within the context of the overall objectives of our compensation programs, our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors determined the specific amounts of compensation to be paid to each of our executives in 2020 based on a number of factors, including:
Each of the primary elements of our executive compensation is discussed in detail below and the compensation paid to our named executive officers in 2020 is discussed under each element. In the descriptions below, we have identified particular compensation objectives which we have designed our executive compensation programs to serve; however, we have designed our compensation programs to complement each other and to collectively serve all of our executive compensation objectives described above. Accordingly, whether or not specifically mentioned below, we believe that, as a part of our overall executive compensation, each element to a greater or lesser extent serves each of our objectives. Base Salary Base salaries are the smallest component of each executive officer’s total direct compensation and represent a fixed amount paid to each executive for performing his or her normal duties and responsibilities. Our executives’ base salaries reflect the initial base salaries that we negotiated with each of our executives at the time of his initial employment or promotion and our subsequent adjustments to these amounts to reflect market increases, the growth and stage of development of our Company, our executives’ performance and increased experience, any changes in our executives’ roles and responsibilities, and other factors. The following table sets forth the annual base salaries for our named executive 196 officers for each of 2019 and 2020, as well as the percentage increase year-over-year. Consistent with our pay-for-performance philosophy, the increases are merit based in recognition of strong performance and contribution:
Annual Cash Incentive Bonuses Our named executive officers are eligible to receive annual cash incentive bonuses based on our pay-for-performance incentive compensation program. Annual bonuses for 2020 were based upon Company performance as measured against pre-established performance goals, including financial measures, achievement of strategic objectives, and other factors as described in more detail below. The primary objective of this program is to motivate and reward our named executive officers for meeting Company performance goals that drive the long-term success of our business. At the beginning of the year (and prior to the onset of the pandemic), the Compensation Committee and the Board established threshold, target and stretch attainment levels for each of our named executive officers based on a percentage of his base salary. The threshold level for each performance goal is considered reasonably difficult for the executive to attain, and our expectation for baseline performance before any bonus will be paid. The target attainment level is considered challenging for the executive to attain, and the executive would need to exceed expectations to achieve this level. The stretch attainment level is considered exceptionally challenging for the executive to attain, and the executive would need to significantly outperform to achieve this level. The table below sets forth, for each named executive officer, 197 the threshold, target and stretch annual bonus opportunity, both as a percentage of the named executive officer’s year-end base salary and in dollars.
At the beginning of each year the Compensation Committee and the Board select performance metrics and approve Company performance goals. The 2020 metrics and goals were established prior to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic; however, notwithstanding the potential business disruption that was expected as a result of the pandemic, the goals were not decreased to address the pandemic. The actual amounts of annual incentive bonuses for 2020 were determined based on achievement of these pre-established corporate objectives. The 2020 Company goals approved by our Board and Compensation Committee, the relative weightings assigned to each goal at the beginning of the year, and the performance against these Company goals for 2020 are set forth below.
198
After completion of the fiscal year, initially the Chief Executive Officer and other members of management, as appropriate, make a recommendation to the Compensation Committee for each executive’s bonus amount based the level of attainment of each of the Company goals (with the exception of the Chief Executive Officer himself whose level of attainment is evaluated by the Compensation Committee directly). The Compensation Committee determined the 2020 annual cash incentive awards for the named executive officers using the following framework:
The Board, after review and discussion and recommendation from the Compensation Committee, determined the final level of attainment for each of the performance goals and the amount of each executive’s annual incentive bonus. The actual cash incentive bonus amounts paid to our named executive officers with respect to performance in 2020 as well as the actual cash incentive bonus amounts as a percentage of target are set forth in the table below. In addition, as all our 199 employees participated in the same annual bonus program as the named executive officers, all employees similarly earned a 200% bonus payout in recognition of their extraordinary contributions during 2020.
Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation Historically, we have granted long-term equity incentive awards in the form of stock options and restricted stock to executives as part of our total compensation package. In 2020, we chose to use a combination of stock options, premium priced stock options, and restricted stock. Consistent with our emphasis on pay-for-performance, these awards represent a significant portion of total executive compensation. Based on the stage of our Company’s development and the incentives we aim to provide to our executives, we have chosen to use either stock options or a combination of stock options and restricted stock for our long-term equity incentive awards. Our decisions regarding the amount and type of long-term equity incentive compensation and relative weighting of these awards among total executive compensation are based on our understanding of market practices of similarly situated companies and our negotiations with our executives in connection with their initial employment or promotion by our Company. Stock option awards and premium priced stock option awards provide our executive officers with the right to purchase shares of Common Stock at a fixed exercise price typically for a period of up to ten years. Stock options generally vest over three years, beginning with one-third vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third vesting on the second anniversary of the grant date and the final one-third vesting on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company and acceleration in certain circumstances. Stock option awards are made pursuant to our Third Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). Except as may otherwise be provided in the applicable stock option award agreement, stock option awards become fully exercisable upon a “change of control” (as defined in the 2011 Plan). The exercise price of each stock option is equal to, or, in the case of premium priced stock options, in excess of, the closing price of Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market as of the option grant date. Restricted stock awards provide our executive officers with a long-term incentive alternative to the stock option awards. Restricted stock awards generally vest in equal annual installments over three years from the date of grant, subject to continued employment with the Company. We consider a number of factors in determining the number of shares subject to stock options and the number of shares of restricted stock, if any, to grant to our executives, including:
200 The table below sets forth information regarding stock options and premium priced stock options (reflecting a 17.5% premium above the grant date exercise price) granted to our named executive officers in 2020:
The table below sets forth information regarding restricted stock awards granted to our named executive officers in 2020:
Broad-Based Benefits All full-time employees, including our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in our health and welfare benefit programs, including medical, dental, and vision care coverage, disability insurance and life insurance, and our 401(k) plan on the same basis as other employees. Currently, we do not view perquisites or other personal benefits as a significant component of our executive compensation program. Accordingly, we do not provide perquisites to our named executive officers, except in situations where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual in the performance of his duties, to make him more efficient and effective, and for recruitment and retention purposes. Employment Agreements The named executive officers are subject to employment agreements that provide for severance benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment with the Company. The Compensation Committee considers these severance benefits to be an important part of the executive compensation program and consistent with competitive market practice. Consistent with market practices, the employment agreements do not include change in control-related tax gross-ups. Additional information regarding the employment arrangements with each of our named executive officers, including a quantification of benefits that would have been received by each named executive officer had his employment terminated on December 31, 2020, is provided under “Employment Agreements” and “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” Relationship of Executive Compensation to Risk The Compensation Committee considers whether the design of the Company’s executive compensation program encourages senior executives to engage in excessive risk-taking. The Compensation Committee reviews the overall program design, as well as the balance between short-term and long-term compensation, the metrics used to measure 201 performance and the award opportunity under the Company’s incentive compensation program, and the implementation of other administrative features designed to mitigate risk such as vesting requirements, stock ownership guidelines and our clawback policy, each as described in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis. Based on its review, the Compensation Committee believes that the Company’s executive compensation program is aligned to the interests of stockholders, appropriately rewards pay for performance, and does not promote unnecessary or excessive risk. Stock Ownership Guidelines The Board has adopted stock ownership guidelines for executives, including our named executive officers, and these guidelines are also considered when granting long-term equity incentive awards to executives. The ownership guidelines provide a target level of Company equity holdings with which named executive officers are expected to comply within five (5) years or the date the individual is first appointed as an executive. The target stock holdings are determined as a multiple of the named executive officer’s base salary (5x for the Chief Executive Officer and 3x for the other named executive officers) and then converted to a fixed number of shares using a 200-day average stock price. The following shares are included in determining compliance with the stock ownership guidelines: (i) shares owned outright by the executive or his immediate family members residing in the same household; (ii) shares held in the Plug Power Inc. Savings and Retirement Plan; (iii) restricted stock issued as part of an executive’s annual or other bonus (whether or not vested); (iv) shares acquired upon the exercise of employee stock options; (v) shares underlying unexercised employee stock options times a factor of 33%; and (vi) shares held in trust. The named executive officers who are required to be in compliance with the stock ownership guidelines are in compliance. Prohibition Against Hedging The Company maintains an internal “Insider Trading Policy” that is applicable to our executive officers and directors. Among other things, the policy prohibits any employee of the Company (including directors or executive officers) from (i) engaging in short sales of the Company’s securities and from trading in puts, calls or options in respect of the Company’s securities, (ii) buying or selling puts, calls or other derivative securities of the Company or engaging in any other hedging transactions with respect to the Company’s securities or (iii) purchasing any securities of the Company with money borrowed from a bank, brokerage firm or other person for the purchase of purchasing securities or using the Company’s securities as collateral in a margin account. Clawback Policy In March 2019, our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors adopted a Policy for Recoupment of Incentive Compensation that covers incentive compensation paid to our executive officers who are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. The policy provides that if we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to our material non-compliance with any financial reporting requirement and/or intentional misconduct by a covered executive, our Compensation Committee may require the covered executive to repay to us any excess compensation received by the covered executive during the covered period. For purposes of this policy, excess compensation means any annual cash bonus and long-term equity incentive compensation received by a covered executive during the three-year period preceding the publication of the restated financial statement that the Compensation Committee determines was in excess of the amount that such covered executive would have received had such annual cash bonus and long-term equity incentive compensation been calculated based on the financial results reported in the restated financial statement. Tax and Accounting Considerations Deductibility of Executive Compensation Generally, Section 162(m) of the Code disallows a federal income tax deduction for public corporations of remuneration in excess of $1 million paid in any fiscal year to certain specified executive officers. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018 (i) these executive officers consisted of a public corporation’s principal executive officer and up to three other executive officers (other than the principal financial officer) whose compensation is required to be disclosed to stockholders under the Exchange Act, because they are the corporation’s most highly-compensated executive 202 officers and (ii) qualifying “performance-based compensation” was not subject to this deduction limit if specified requirements were met. Pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the remuneration of a public corporation’s principal financial officer is also subject to the deduction limit. In addition, subject to certain transition rules (which apply to remuneration provided pursuant to written binding contracts which were in effect on November 2, 2017 and which are not subsequently materially modified), for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the exemption from the deduction limit for “performance-based compensation” is no longer available. Consequently, for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017, all remuneration in excess of $1 million paid to a specified executive will not be deductible. In designing our executive compensation program and determining the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, the Compensation Committee considers a variety of factors, including the potential impact of the Section 162(m) deduction limit. However, the Compensation Committee will not necessarily limit executive compensation to that which is or may be deductible under Section 162(m) of the Code. The Compensation Committee will consider various alternatives to preserving the deductibility of compensation payments and benefits to the extent consistent with its compensation goals. The Compensation Committee believes that our stockholders’ interests are best served if its discretion and flexibility in awarding compensation is not restricted, even though some compensation awards may result in non-deductible compensation expense. Taxation of “Parachute” Payments Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code provide that executive officers and directors who hold significant equity interests and certain other service providers may be subject to significant additional taxes if they receive payments or benefits in connection with a change in control of the Company that exceed certain prescribed limits, and that the Company (or a successor) may forfeit a deduction on the amounts subject to this additional tax. We have not agreed to provide any executive officer, including any named executive officers, or director with a “gross-up” or other reimbursement payment for any tax liability that the executive officer or director might owe as a result of the application of Sections 280G or 4999 of the Code. Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code Section 409A of the Code imposes additional significant taxes in the event that an executive officer, director or service provider receives “deferred compensation” that does not satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although we do not maintain a nonqualified deferred compensation plan, Section 409A of the Code may apply to certain severance arrangements, bonus arrangements and equity awards. We aim to structure all our severance arrangements, bonus arrangements and equity awards in a manner to either avoid the application of Section 409A or, to the extent doing so is not possible, to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation We follow FASB ASC Topic 718 for our stock-based compensation awards. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires us to measure the compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and non-employee members of our Board, including options to purchase shares of our Common Stock and other stock awards, based on the grant date “fair value” of these awards. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes and reported in the executive compensation tables required by the federal securities laws, even though the recipient of the awards may never realize any value from their awards. 203 Compensation Committee Report The following Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors will not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Form 10-K into any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts. The Compensation Committee reviews and evaluates individual executive officers and recommends or determines the compensation for each executive officer. The Compensation Committee also oversees management’s decisions concerning the performance and compensation of other Company officers, administers the Company’s incentive compensation and other stock-based plans, evaluates the effectiveness of its overall compensation programs, including oversight of the Company’s benefit, perquisite and employee equity programs, and reviews the Company’s management succession plans. A more complete description of the Compensation Committee’s functions is set forth in the Compensation Committee’s charter which is published on the “Investors” section of the Company’s website at www.plugpower.com. Each member of the Compensation Committee is an independent director as defined in the NASDAQ Rules. In general, the Board and the Compensation Committee design compensation to attract, retain and motivate a superior executive team, reward individual performance, relate compensation to Company goals and objectives and align the interests of the executive officers with those of the Company’s stockholders. The Board and the Compensation Committee rely upon their judgment about each individual—and not on rigid guidelines or formulas, or short-term changes in business performance—in determining the amount and mix of compensation elements for each senior executive officer. Key factors affecting such judgments include: the executive’s performance compared to the goals and objectives established for the executive at the beginning of the year; the nature, scope and level of the executive’s responsibilities; the executive’s contribution to the Company’s financial results; the executive’s effectiveness in leading the Company’s initiatives to increase customer value, productivity and revenue growth; and the executive’s contribution to the Company’s commitment to corporate responsibility, including the executive’s success in creating a culture of unyielding integrity and compliance with applicable law and the Company’s ethics policies. The Compensation Committee has reviewed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and discussed that analysis with management. Based on its review and discussions with management, the Compensation Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders. This report on executive compensation is provided by the undersigned members of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Gary K. Willis (Chairman) George C. McNamee Johannes M. Roth 204 2020 Summary Compensation Table The following table sets forth the total compensation awarded to, earned by and paid during the fiscal years indicated for each of our named executive:
205
Pay Ratio Disclosure Pursuant to a mandate of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the SEC adopted a rule requiring annual disclosure of the ratio of the median employee’s annual total compensation to the total annual compensation of the principal executive officer (“PEO”). The PEO of our Company is Mr. Marsh. We believe that our compensation philosophy must be consistent and internally equitable to motivate our employees to create shareholder value. The purpose of the required disclosure is to provide a measure of the equitability of pay within the organization. We are committed to internal pay equity, and our Compensation Committee monitors the relationship between the pay our PEO receives and the pay our non-executive employees receive. For 2020, the annual total compensation of Mr. Marsh, our PEO, of $13,630,072 as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, was approximately 203 times the annual total compensation of $67,062 of the median employee calculated in the same manner. We identified the median employee using the amount reported as compensation on the employee’s Form W-2 for the year ended December 31, 2020 for all individuals who were employed by us on December 31, 2020, the last day of our payroll year (whether employed on a full-time, part-time, or seasonal basis). 206 Grants of Plan-Based Awards The following table sets forth information concerning the grants of plan-based awards to the Company’s named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2020.
207 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End The following table provides information on the holdings of stock and option awards by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2020. There were no other stock or option awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2020. For additional information about the awards, see the description of equity incentive compensation in the section titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
208 Options Exercised and Stock Vested The following table sets forth information with respect to each of our named executive officers that exercised stock options or vested in restricted stock during the year ended December 31, 2020. Option Exercises and Stock Vested – 2020
Employment Agreements The Company and Mr. Marsh are parties to an employment agreement which renews automatically for successive one-year terms unless Mr. Marsh or the Company gives notice to the contrary. Mr. Marsh receives an annual base salary of $750,000 and is eligible to: (i) receive an annual incentive bonus targeted at an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of his annual base salary; (ii) participate in all savings and retirement plans; and (iii) participate in all benefit plans and executive perquisites. Mr. Marsh’s employment may be terminated by the Company with or without “Cause,” as defined in the agreement, or by Mr. Marsh for “Good Reason,” as defined in the agreement, or without Good Reason upon written notice of termination to the Company. If Mr. Marsh’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause, the Company is obligated to pay Mr. Marsh a lump sum equal to the sum of the following amounts:
In addition, as of the date of termination, any restricted stock, stock options and other stock awards held by Mr. Marsh will accelerate vesting as if he had remained an employee for an additional twelve (12) months following the date of termination. Further, subject to Mr. Marsh’s copayment of premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, Mr. Marsh will be eligible to continue to participate in the Company’s group health, dental, vision and life insurance programs for twelve (12) months following his termination. The agreement also provides that if, within twelve (12) months after a “Change in Control,” as defined in the agreement, the Company terminates Mr. Marsh’s employment without Cause or Mr. Marsh terminates his employment for Good Reason, then he is entitled to: (i)receive a lump sum payment equal to three (3) times the sum of (i) his current annual base salary plus (ii) his average annual incentive bonus over the three (3) fiscal years prior to the Change in Control (or his annual incentive bonus for the fiscal year immediately preceding to the Change in Control, if higher), (ii)accelerated vesting of his stock options and other stock-based awards that would have vested had he remained an active employee for twelve (12) months following his termination, and 209 (iii)subject to Mr. Marsh’s copayment of premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, continued participation in the Company’s group health, dental, vision and life insurance programs for twelve (12) months following such termination. The Company and Messrs. Middleton, Shrestha, Schmid and Crespo are each parties to an employment agreement pursuant to which, if the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without “Cause,” as defined in the applicable agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the executive a lump sum amount equal to one (1) times his annual base salary. In addition, as of the date of termination, any restricted stock, stock options and other stock awards held by the executive will accelerate vesting as if he had remained an employee for an additional twelve (12) months following the date of termination. Further, subject to the executive’s copayment of premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, the Company is required to continue paying its share of the premiums for the executive’s participation in the Company’s group health plans for twelve (12) months following his termination. The employment agreements also provide that if, within twelve (12) months after a “Change in Control,” as defined in the applicable agreement, the Company terminates such executive’s employment without Cause or the executive terminates his employment for “Good Reason” as defined in the applicable agreement, then such executive shall be entitled to:
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control The Company and Messrs. Marsh, Middleton, Shrestha, Schmid and Crespo are parties to employment agreements, respectively, that provide for a potential payment upon termination of employment other than for “Cause” as discussed above in “Employment Agreements.” Such payments by the Company to any of the executives are subject to the executive signing a general release of claims in a form and manner satisfactory to the Company. An executive is not entitled to receive any such payment in the event he breaches the Employee Patent, Confidential Information and Non-Compete Agreement referenced in the executive’s respective agreement or any non-compete, non-solicit or non-disclosure covenants in any agreement between the Company and such executive. We agreed to provide severance payments to such executives in these circumstances based on our negotiations with each of our executives at the time they joined our Company, or as negotiated subsequent to hiring, and in order to provide a total compensation package that we believed to be competitive. Additionally, we believe that providing severance upon a termination of employment without Cause can help to encourage our executives to take the risks that we believe are necessary for our Company to succeed and also recognizes the longer hiring process typically involved in hiring a senior executive. If Mr. Marsh had been terminated without Cause on December 31, 2020 and such termination was not within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the approximate value of the severance package, including, as mentioned above in “Employment Agreements,” salary, benefits and accelerated vesting of equity awards, under his employment agreement would have been $36,440,468. If Mr. Middleton, Mr. Shrestha, Mr. Schmid, or Mr. Crespo had been terminated without Cause on December 31, 2020 and such termination was not within twelve (12) months following 210 a Change in Control, the approximate value of the severance packages, including, as mentioned above in “Employment Agreements,” salary, benefits and accelerated vesting of equity awards, under the employment agreement for such named executive officer would have been as follows: Mr. Middleton—$14,257,236, Mr. Shrestha—$8,029,183, Mr. Schmid—$15,383,037, and Mr. Crespo—$12,709,207. The Company and Messrs. Marsh, Middleton, Shrestha, Schmid, and Crespo are parties to employment agreements, respectively, that provide for a potential payment upon a termination of employment by the Company without Cause or a resignation by the executive for Good Reason within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, as discussed above in “Employment Agreements.” Such payments by the Company to any of the executives are subject to the executive signing a general release of claims in a form and manner satisfactory to the Company. An executive is not entitled to receive any such payment in the event he breaches the Employee Patent, Confidential Information and Non-Compete Agreement referenced in the executive’s respective agreement or any non-compete, non-solicit or non-disclosure covenants in any agreement between the Company and such executive. We agreed to provide payments to these executives in these circumstances in order to provide a total compensation package that we believed to be competitive. Additionally, the primary purpose of our equity-based incentive awards is to align the interests of our executives and our stockholders and provide our executives with strong incentives to increase stockholder value over time. As change in control transactions typically represent events where our stockholders are realizing the value of their equity interests in our Company, we believe it is appropriate for our executives to share in this realization of stockholder value, particularly where their employment is terminated in connection with the change in control transaction. We believe that this will also help to better align the interests of our executives with our stockholders in pursuing and engaging in these transactions. If a Change in Control had occurred on December 31, 2020 and on that date the employment of Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Shrestha, Mr. Schmid, or Mr. Crespo had been terminated by the Company without Cause or the executive had resigned for Good Reason, the value of the of the severance packages, including, as mentioned above in “Employment Agreements,” salary, benefits and accelerated vesting of equity awards, under the employment agreements for each such named executive officer would have been as follows: Mr. Marsh—$39,102,106, Mr. Middleton—$14,204,736, Mr. Shrestha—$7,978,702, Mr. Schmid—$15,329,191, and Mr. Crespo—$12,678,245. The employment agreements provide for a modified cutback such that, any payments or benefits payable under the employment agreements or otherwise would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, the executive will receive the greater after-tax amount of either: (i) the full payment or (ii) a reduced payment that does not give rise to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code. The foregoing numbers do not reflect any cutback. None of the executives are entitled to any tax gross-up payments related to severance payments or otherwise. Director Compensation The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the Company’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) to ensure that the compensation aligns the directors’ interests with the long-term interests of the stockholders and that the structure of the compensation is simple, transparent and easy for stockholders to understand. The Compensation Committee also considers whether the Plan fairly compensates the Company’s directors when considering the work required in a company of the size and scope of the Company, and looks at peer group compensation for directors to determine whether our director compensation is reasonable and competitive in relation to our peers. Employee directors do not receive additional compensation for their services as directors. During 2020, pursuant to the Plan, upon initial election or appointment to the Board, each non-employee director received a non-qualified stock option to purchase a number of shares equal to $150,000 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date, with an exercise price equal to fair market value of the Common Stock on the grant date and that becomes fully vested and exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date. In 2020, each director received an annual equity grant comprised of (i) a non-qualified stock option for a number of shares equal to $62,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and (ii) a number of shares of restricted common stock equal to $62,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The stock option portion of the grant has an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date and becomes fully vested and 211 exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted common stock grant becomes fully vested on the first anniversary of the grant date. During 2020, under the Plan, each non-employee director was paid an annual retainer of $40,000 ($85,000 for any non-employee Chairman) for his or her services. Committee members received additional annual retainers for their service on committees of the Board in accordance with the following table:
These additional payments for service on a committee are due to the workload and broad-based responsibilities of the committees. The total amount of the annual retainer is paid in a combination of 50% cash and 50% common stock, provided that the director may elect to receive a greater portion (up to 100%) of the total retainer in common stock. All common stock issued for the annual retainers is fully vested at the time of issuance and is valued at its fair market value on the date of issuance. Non-employee directors are also reimbursed for their direct expenses associated with their attendance at Board meetings. The Compensation Committee regularly reviews non-employee director compensation in comparison to our industry peer group, and considers growth in our market capitalization and sales, and other relevant factors including periodic independent market assessments. The Plan was amended by the Board in September 2020, effective as of January 1, 2021, to provide for (i) an increase in the annual retainer payable for service on the Board, and (ii) an increase in the value of the stock option and restricted stock awards granted to non-employee directors upon initial election to the Board and annually. The adjustments to the annual retainer and equity grants were designed to be competitive with our 2020 peer group. Effective January 1, 2021, pursuant to the Plan, upon initial election or appointment to the Board, each non-employee director (other than Mr. Song) will receive a non-qualified stock option to purchase a number of shares equal to $225,000 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date, with an exercise price equal to fair market value of our common stock on the grant date and that becomes fully vested and exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date. Each year of a non-employee director’s tenure, the director (other than Mr. Song) will receive an equity grant comprised of (i) a non-qualified stock option for a number of shares equal to $112,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the date of the grant and (ii) a number of shares of restricted common stock equal to $112,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The stock option portion of the grant will have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date and become fully vested and exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date. The restricted common stock grant will become fully vested on the first anniversary of the grant date. Effective January 1, 2021, under the Plan, each non-employee director (other than Mr. Song) will be paid an annual retainer of $60,000 ($125,000 for any non-employee Chairman) for his or her services. Committee members will receive additional annual retainers for their service on committees of the Board in accordance with the following table:
Mr. Song will not receive any compensation as director (cash or equity) pursuant to the terms of the Investor Agreement. 212 Non-Employee Director Compensation Table The following table shows the compensation received or earned by each of our non-employee directors in fiscal year 2020. Mr. Marsh, who is our President and Chief Executive Officer, did not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director. The compensation received by Mr. Marsh, as a named executive officer, is presented in “Executive Compensation—2020 Summary Compensation Table” above.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation During 2020, Messrs. Willis (Chairman), McNamee, and Roth served as members of the Compensation Committee. None of the members of our Compensation Committee was an employee or officer of the Company during 2020, a former officer of the Company, or had any other relationships with us requiring disclosure herein. None of our executive officers currently serves or has served as a director or member of the compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity whose executive officers served as one of our directors or a member of the Compensation Committee. 213 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Principal Stockholders The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 28, 2021:
The beneficial ownership of the stockholders listed below is based on publicly available information and from representations of such stockholders.
*
otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock beneficially owned by the stockholder.
215 Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table gives information, as of December 31,
Included in equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders are shares granted to new employees as an inducement to join the Company pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Rules. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Investor Agreement Pursuant to the Investor Agreement described under Part III. “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions, and Director Independence,” Grove Energy, a subsidiary of SK Holdings, is entitled to designate one SK Designee to be appointed to the Board. Grove Energy has the right to require the Board to nominate a SK Designee for election to the Board by the stockholders of the Company at annual stockholder meetings until the earliest of (i) the date on which Grove Energy and affiliates beneficially own less than 4.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock, (ii) February 24, 2023, in the event that the Company and SK E&S have not entered into the Asia JV Agreement, and (iii) any expiration or termination of the Asia JV Agreement. Related Party Transaction Policy The Board has adopted a written related party transaction policy that requires the Company’s General Counsel, together with outside counsel as necessary, to evaluate potential transactions to which the Company is a participant and in which a related party or an affiliate of a related party has an interest prior to the Company entering into any such transaction to determine whether such contemplated transaction requires the approval of the Board, the Audit Committee, both or neither. The policy defines a “related party” as: (i) the Company’s directors or executive officers, (ii) the Company’s director nominees, (iii) security holders known to the Company to beneficially own more than 5% of any class of the Company’s voting securities, or (iv) the immediate family members of any of the persons listed in items (i) - (iii). Other than as otherwise disclosed herein, since January 1, 2020, there was no transaction or series of similar transactions to which the Company was or will be a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and in which any related party had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. 216 Director Independence The Board of Directors has determined that Messes. Helmer and Harriman, Dr. Kenausis and Messrs. McNamee, Willis, Silver, Roth, Song and Schneider are independent directors as defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) under the NASDAQ Rules.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by KPMG LLP for the integrated audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting and fees billed for other services rendered by KPMG LLP:
In the above table, and in accordance with SEC definitions and rules: (1) “audit fees” are fees for professional services for the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Form 10-K, audit of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting, review of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in Form 10-Qs, or for services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements; (2) “audit-related fees” are fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements; (3) “tax fees” are fees for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning; and (4) “all other fees” are fees for any services not included in the first three categories. The Audit Committee pre-approved all audit and audit-related services provided to the Company by KPMG LLP
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
15(a)(1) Financial Statements
The financial statements and notes are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
15(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
The financial statement schedules are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
All other schedules not filed herein have been omitted as they are not applicable, or the required information or equivalent information has been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto.
15(a)(3) Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of and incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Andrew Marsh, Paul B. Middleton and Gerard L. Conway, Jr. such person’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for such person and in such person’s name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form
Date: March
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Equity Instruments Common stock warrants that meet certain applicable requirements of ASC Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and other related guidance, including the ability of the Company to settle the warrants without the issuance of registered shares or the absence of rights of the grantee to require cash settlement, are accounted for as equity instruments. The Company classifies these equity instruments within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets.
Common stock warrants accounted for as equity instruments represent the warrants issued to Amazon and Walmart as discussed in Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The Company adopted FASB ASU 2019-08, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires entities to measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance under Topic 718, as of January 1, 2019.
In order to calculate warrant charges, the Company used the Black-Scholes pricing model, which required key inputs including volatility and risk-free interest rate and certain unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. The Company estimated the fair value of unvested warrants, considered to be probable of vesting, at the time. Based on that estimated fair value, the Company determined warrant charges, which are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.
Redeemable Preferred Stock
We account for redeemable preferred stock as temporary equity in accordance with applicable accounting guidance in FASB ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. Dividends on the redeemable preferred stock are accounted for as an increase in the net loss attributable to common stockholders.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those F-63 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB ASC No. 740-10-25, Income Taxes-Overall-Recognition. The Company recognizes in its consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position only if that position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising from conversion of the Company’s foreign subsidiary’s financial statements to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. Transaction gains and losses resulting from the effect of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company’s operations give rise to realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses, and are included in interest and other income and interest and other expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Research and Development
Costs related to research and development activities by the Company are expensed as incurred. Certain research and development expenses have been reclassified for 2018, 2019 and 2020, including interim periods during 2019 and 2020 (see Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” and Note 3 “Unaudited Quarterly Financial data and Restatement of Previously Issued Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company maintains employee stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 20, “Employee Benefit Plans.” Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to employees and directors. The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at grant-date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost as expense on a straight-line basis over the option’s requisite service period.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of revenue associated with sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure,
The Company records deferred tax assets for awards that result in deductions on the Company’s income tax returns, based upon the amount of compensation cost recognized and the F-64 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) Convertible Senior Notes
The Company accounts for its convertible senior notes with separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was initially determined by estimating the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the estimated fair value of the liability component from the par value of the convertible senior notes, as a
Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications are made, whenever necessary, to prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.
Subsequent Events
The Company evaluates subsequent events at the date of the balance sheet as well as conditions that arise after the balance sheet date but before the consolidated financial statements are issued. The effects of conditions that existed at the balance sheet date are recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Events and conditions arising after the balance sheet date but before the consolidated financial statements are issued are evaluated to determine if disclosure is required to keep the consolidated financial statements from being misleading. To the extent such events and conditions exist, if any, disclosures are made regarding the nature of events and the estimated financial effects for those events and conditions. See Note
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In F-65 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) standards effective January 1, 2020 and determined the impact of the standards to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value
Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU
In March 2020, ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This update was effective starting March 12, 2020 and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard
In March 2020, ASU 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, was issued to make various codification improvements to financial instruments to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. This update will be effective at various dates beginning with date of issuance of this ASU. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, was issued to identify, evaluate, and improve areas of GAAP for which cost and complexity can be reduced while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. This update will be effective beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) 5. Acquisitions Giner ELX Inc. Acquisition On June 22, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Giner ELX, Inc. (“Giner ELX”). Giner ELX is developer of electrolysis hydrogen generators which can be used for a variety of applications, including on-site refueling of hydrogen fuel cells. The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the Giner ELX acquisition was as follows (in thousands):
The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value associated with earn-out payments of up to $16.0 million that the sellers are eligible to receive. Of the total earnout consideration, $8.0 million is related to the achievement of the Allagash earn-out, $2.0 million is associated with the receipt of certain customer opportunities (purchase orders or other contracts) by December 31, 2021, and $6.0 million is associated with the achievement of certain revenue targets for years 2021 through 2023. The Allagash earn-out is achieved when the Company has produced at least 2 PEM electrolyzer stacks of one megawatt each, utilizing the dry build process and meets certain technical specifications as more fully described in the merger agreement. To be fully paid, the Allagash earn-out needs to be satisfied by July 31, 2023 and is reduced by approximately 8.33% each month beyond this date. In addition to the above, should the earn-out revenue exceed 150% of the 2023 target, the sellers will receive warrants with a value of $5.0 million and if the earn-out revenue exceeds 200% of the 2023 revenue target, the sellers will receive warrants with a value of $10.0 million. The warrants are exercisable within two years of issuance. In connection with the Giner ELX acquisition, the Company revised the acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration liabilities which were determined to be measurement period adjustments and resulted in an increase in other liabilities and goodwill of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands):
Identifiable intangibles consisted of developed technology, non-compete agreements, estimated in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), and customer relationships. The fair value of acquired backlog and non-complete agreements was nominal. F-67 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The fair value of the acquired IPR&D related to the dry stack technology totaling $29.0 million was calculated using the multi-period excess earnings method (“MPEEM”) approach which is a variant of the income approach. The basic principle of the MPEEM approach is that a single asset, in isolation, is not capable of generating cash flow for an enterprise. Several assets are brought together and exploited to generate cash flow. Therefore, to determine cash flow from the exploitation of IPR&D, one must deduct the related expenses incurred for the exploitation of other assets used for the generation of overall cash flow and revenues. The fair value of IPR&D was estimated by discounting the net cash flow derived from the expected revenues attributable to the acquired IPR&D. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships totaling $0.4 million was calculated using a distributor method approach, which is a variant of the income approach. The fair value of wet stack technology totaling $0.4 million was determined using the relief from royalty method. In addition to identifiable intangible assets, the fair value of acquired work in process and finished goods inventory was estimated based on the estimated selling price less costs to be incurred and a market participant profit rate. Additionally, the fair value of the deferred revenue was determined using a cost build-up approach. The direct cost of fulfilling the obligation plus a normal profit margin was used to determine the value of the assumed deferred revenue liability. Included in the purchase consideration are three contingent earn-out payments (as described above): the Allagash earn-out, the customer opportunities, and the revenue targets. Due to the nature of the Allagash and customer opportunities, as outlined in the purchase agreement, a scenario based method (“SBM”) was used to value these contingent payments as the payments are milestone based in nature. These fair value measurements were based on unobservable inputs and are considered to be level 3 financial instruments. The revenue targets are achieved when certain revenue thresholds are met, and the catch-up provision creates path-dependency. As such, the revenue earn-out was valued using a Monte Carlo Simulation. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet a liability of $7.8 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was remeasured as of December 31, 2020, and was estimated to be $9.6 million. This increase in fair value of $1.8 million, which was primarily due to a change in the discount rate offset by a decrease in the discount period, was recorded as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. Included in Giner ELX’s net assets acquired are net deferred tax liabilities of $5.9 million. In connection of the acquisition of these net deferred tax liabilities, the Company reduced its valuation allowance by $5.2 million and recognized a tax benefit $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. Goodwill associated with the Giner ELX acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands):
The goodwill consists of the Company’s increased capabilities in green hydrogen supply through the production of electrolyzers. The synergies with the Company’s production of hydrogen storage and dispensing equipment are important to the Company as the demand for green hydrogen is expected to increase. United Hydrogen Group Inc. Acquisition On June 18, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of United Hydrogen Group Inc. (“UHG”). UHG produces and sells liquid hydrogen. F-68 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the
Included in cash and common stock in the A portion of
The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration
The following table summarizes the
Goodwill.” The fair value of the developed technology totaling Additionally, the Company estimated the fair value of
In connection with the UHG acquisition, the Company finalized the valuation of an unfavorable customer contract and long-term debt which resulted in an increase in other liabilities of $1.9 million, a decrease in long-term debt of $1.7 million, and an increase in goodwill of $0.2 million. Goodwill associated with the UHG acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands):
The Company now has capabilities in liquid hydrogen generation, liquefaction and distribution logistics, which is important in a growing hydrogen market. Goodwill recorded The results of the Giner ELX and UHG are included in the Company’s consolidated
Neither the
6. Earnings Per Share,
Basic earnings per common stock are computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the reporting period.
The following table provides the components of the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except share amounts):
F-70 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The potentially dilutive securities are summarized as follows:
In July 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Walmart, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had been exercised with respect to
7. Inventory, as restated Inventory as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 as restated, consists of the following (in thousands):
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
8. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment at December 31,
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was 9. Equipment Related to Power Purchase Agreements and Fuel Delivered to Customers, net,
Equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net, at December 31,
As of December 31,
Depreciation expense is
10. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
F-72 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
The change in the gross carrying amount of the
The Company’s in-process research and development is related to the development of the dry build process associated with electrolyzer stacks, as part of acquisition of Giner ELX. The related intangible asset is not currently amortized, as research and development is ongoing. Upon completion of the dry build process, amortization will commence based upon the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. See Note 5, “Acquisitions” for more details. Also, in 2020, the Company
In 2019, the Company acquired intellectual property from EnergyOr for $1.5 million. In addition, the Company agreed to pay the sellers a royalty based on future sales of relevant applications, not to exceed $3.0 million, by May 22, 2025. These royalties are added to the intangible asset balance, as incurred. To date, no royalties have been earned.
As of December 31, 2020, as part of the agreement to acquire the intellectual property from AFC, the Company paid AFC milestone payments of $2.9 million.
Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets for the years ended December 31,
Estimated amortization expense for subsequent years was as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill was F-73 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) 11. Accrued Expenses, as restated Accrued expenses at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consist of (in thousands):
12. Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities,
As of December 31,
Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At the end of the lease term, the leased assets may be returned to the lessor by the Company, the Company may negotiate with the lessor to purchase the assets at fair market value, or the Company may negotiate with the lessor to renew the lease at market rental rates. No residual value guarantees are contained in the leases. No financial covenants are contained within the lease, however there are customary operational covenants such as assurance the Company properly maintains the leased assets and carries appropriate insurance, etc. The leases include credit support in the form of either cash, collateral or letters of credit. See Note 22, “Commitments and contingencies, as restated,” for a description of cash held as security associated with the leases.
The Company has finance leases associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York and at fueling customer locations. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of December 31,
Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31,
Rental expense for all operating leases was
The gross profit on sale/leaseback transactions for all operating leases was
new operating lease liabilities was $58.5 million and $37.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the right of use assets associated with operating leases was $117.0 million and $63.3 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $48.6 million and $23.6 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the right of use assets associated with finance leases was $5.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $102 thousand and $32 thousand at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $5.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, and were included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Other information related to the operating leases are presented in the following table:
Finance lease costs include amortization of the right of use assets (i.e. depreciation expense) and interest on lease liabilities (i.e. interest and other expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations), and were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities were $4.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other information related to the finance leases are presented in the following table:
13. Finance Obligation,
The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation.
In prior periods, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as part of finance obligations. F-75 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) as short-term and long-term, respectively on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of both December 31,
Future minimum payments under finance obligations notes above as of December 31,
Other information related to the above finance obligations are presented in the following table:
14. Long-Term Debt In March 2019, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended (the
Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company, under another series of amendments to the Loan Agreement, borrowed an incremental $100 million. As part of the amendment to the Loan Agreement, the Company’s interest rate on the secured term loan facility was reduced to 9.50% from 12.00% per annum, and the maturity date was extended to October 31, 2025 from October 6, 2022. On December 31,
The Loan Agreement includes covenants, limitations, and events of default customary for similar facilities. Interest and a portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis. Principal payments will be funded in part by releases of restricted cash, as described in Note 22, “Commitments and The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. F-76 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The Loan Agreement provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform in any material respect the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then Generate Capital has the right to cause Proton Services Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement.
The amount of escrow expected to be received of $700 thousand was recorded in short-term other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received $250 thousand from escrow related to the New York state employment targets. The Company also received $700 thousand related to the New York State employment targets in March 2021. The Company did not meet the deployment targets and charged-off $800 thousand to interest expense during December, 2020. As of December 31,
15. Convertible Senior Notes 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, which is referred to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes.
At issuance in May 2020, the total net proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes were as follows:
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms.
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in F-77 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) right of payment to any of the Company’s existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, including the Company’s $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, which is referred to herein as the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of its current or future subsidiaries.
Holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 in the following circumstances:
On or after December 1, 2024, the holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions.
The initial conversion rate for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes is 198.6196 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.03 per share of the Company’s common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. During
In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.
The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2023 and before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. F-78 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $7.0 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $6.4 million and other issuance costs of $0.6 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.6 million, The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of
Capped Call
In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. F-79 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The 3.75% Notes Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60%over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. 7.5% Convertible Senior Note In September 2019, the Company issued $40.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.5% Convertible Senior Note due on January 5, 2023, which is referred to herein as the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, in exchange for net proceeds of $39.1 million, in a private placement to an accredited investor pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. There were no required principal payments prior to the maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note. Upon maturity of the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note, the Company was required to repay 120% of $40.0 million, or $48.0 million. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note bore interest at 7.5% per year, payable quarterly in arrears on January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5 of each year beginning on October 5, 2019 and was to mature on January 5, 2023 unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with its terms. The 7.5% Convertible Senior Note was unsecured and did not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company.
On July 1, 2020, the 7.5% Convertible Senior Note automatically converted into 16.0 million shares of common stock. 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes
In March 2018, the Company issued
In May 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to finance the cash portion of the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, which consisted of a repurchase of approximately $66.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for aggregate consideration of $128.9 million, consisting of approximately $90.2 million in cash and approximately 9.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the $128.9 million in aggregate consideration, $35.5 million and $93.4 million were allocated to the debt and equity components, respectively, utilizing an effective discount rate of 29.8% to determine the fair value of the liability component. As of the repurchase date, the carrying value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes that were repurchased, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, was $48.7 million. The partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes resulted in a $13.2 million gain on early debt extinguishment. In the fourth quarter of 2020, $33.5 million of the remaining 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes
In accounting for the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the debt discount) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $3.3 million and other issuance costs of $0.9 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. The 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Capped Call
In conjunction with the pricing of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “5.5% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0
Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call is initially $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call. The 5.5% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised.
The net cost incurred in connection with the 5.5% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets. F-81 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) In conjunction with the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company terminated 100% of the 5.5% Notes Capped Call on June 5, 2020. As a result of the termination, the Company received $24.2 million which was recorded in additional paid-in capital.
Common Stock Forward
In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction,
The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million
The book value of the
During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Common Stock Forward was partially settled and, as a result, the Company received 4.4 million shares of its common stock. 16. Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
The Company has authorized 5.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. The Company’s certificate of incorporation provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series.
The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series.
The Company has authorized Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31,
Common Stock and Warrants
The Company has one class of common stock, par value $.01 per share. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to 1 vote on all matters submitted to stockholders.
In February 2021, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its common stock in connection with a strategic partnership with SK Holdings to accelerate the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Asian markets. The Company sold 54,966,188 shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of SK Holdings at a purchase price of $29.2893 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion.
In January and February 2021, the Company issued and sold in a registered equity offering an aggregate of 32.2 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $65.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately F-82
In November 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 43,700,000 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $22.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $927.3 million.
In August 2020, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 35,276,250 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $10.25 per share for net proceeds of approximately $344.4 million.
In December 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered public offering an aggregate of 46 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.75 per share for net proceeds of approximately $120.4 million.
In March 2019, the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 10 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.35 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $23.5 million.
There were
During 2017, warrants to purchase up to 110,573,392 shares of common stock were issued in connection with transaction agreements with Amazon and Walmart, as discussed in Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” At December 31,
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement
On April 13, 2020, the Company entered into the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley Financial (“B. Riley”) as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through B. Riley, shares of Company common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million. As of the date of this filing, the Company has not issued any shares of common stock pursuant to the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement.
Prior to December 31, 2019, the Company entered into a previous At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley, which was terminated in the fourth quarter of 2019. Under this At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, for the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 6.3 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $14.5 million and for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3.8 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds of $7.0 million.
17. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, as restated
Series E Preferred Stock
In November 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 35,000 shares of the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock in a private placement to certain accredited investors in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $30.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses payable by the Company. The Company is required to redeem the Series E Preferred Stock in 13 monthly installments in the amount of $2.7 million each from May 2019 through May 2020. The Company had 0 and 500 shares of Series E Preferred Stock outstanding at December 31,
During 2019, certain conversions of the Series E preferred stock resulted in a deemed dividend of approximately $1.8 million that is reflected on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as Preferred stock dividends declared, deemed dividends and accretion of discount. F-83 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) Series C Preferred Stock
In April 2020, 870 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted to 923,819 shares of common stock. In May 2020, the remaining the 1,750 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted into 1,858,256 shares of common stock. 18. Warrant Transaction Agreements
Amazon Transaction Agreement
On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, a warrant (the “Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares was conditioned upon payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements.
Under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant, the first tranche of the 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon execution of the Amazon Warrant, and the remaining Amazon Warrant Shares vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The $6.7 million fair value of the first tranche of the Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense upon execution of the Amazon Warrant.
Provision for the second and third tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares
The fair value of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares was measured at January 1, 2019, upon adoption of ASU 2019-08. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares vested in 4 equal installments, as Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, made an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The last installment of the second tranche vested on November 2, 2020. Revenue reductions of
Under the terms of the original Amazon Warrant, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares vests in 8 equal installments, as Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, made an aggregate of
On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the Amazon Warrant, which resulted in the immediate vesting of all the third tranche of the Amazon Warrant Shares and recognition of an additional $399.7 million reduction to revenue.
The $399.7 million reduction to revenue resulting from the December 31, 2020 waiver was determined based upon a probability assessment of whether the underlying shares would have vested under the terms of the original Amazon F-84 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) Warrant. Based upon the Company’s projections of probable future cash collections from Amazon (i.e., a Type I share based payment modification), a reduction of revenue associated with 5,354,905 Amazon Warrant Shares was recognized at their previously measured November 2, 2020 fair value of $10.57 per warrant. A reduction of revenue associated with the remaining 12,730,490 Amazon Warrant Shares was recognized at their December 31, 2020 fair value of $26.95 each, based upon the Company’s assessment that associated future cash collections from Amazon were not deemed probable (i.e., a Type III
The $399.7 million reduction to revenue was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 because the Company concluded such amount was not recoverable from the margins expected from future purchases by Amazon under the Amazon Warrant, and no exclusivity or other rights were conferred to the Company in connection with the December 31, 2020 waiver. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a reduction to the provision for warrants of $12.8 million in connection with the release of the service loss accrual.
The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares is $1.1893 per share. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares is $13.81 per share, which was determined pursuant to the terms of the Amazon Warrant as an amount equal to
Fair value of the Amazon Warrant at December 31, 2020 and November 2, 2020 was based on the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model, which is based, in part, upon level 3 unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.
The Company used the following assumptions for its Amazon Warrant:
Walmart Transaction Agreement
On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant (the “Walmart Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares conditioned upon payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. F-85 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Warrant and was fully exercised as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the consolidated statements of operations during 2017. All future provision for common stock warrants is measured based on their grant-date fair value and recorded as a charge against revenue. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares vests in 4 installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in 8 installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant is exercisable through July 20, 2027.
The Walmart Warrant provides for net share settlement that, if elected by the holder, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant provides for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events. The Walmart Warrant is classified as an equity instrument.
At December 31,
Disaggregation of The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands):
Contract balances
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):
Contract assets relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis, however billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in
The contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services). Contract liabilities also include advance consideration received from customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other
Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):
Estimated future revenue
The following table includes estimated revenue included in the backlog expected to be recognized in the future F-87 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands):
Contract costs
Contract costs consists of capitalized commission fees and other expenses related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract.
Capitalized contract costs at December 31,
20. Employee Benefit Plans
2011
On May 12, 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan provided for the issuance of up to a maximum number of shares of common stock equal to the sum of (i) 1,000,000, plus (ii) the number of shares of common stock underlying any grants pursuant to the 2011 Plan or the Plug Power Inc. 1999 Stock Option and Incentive Plan that are forfeited, canceled, repurchased or are terminated (other than by exercise). The shares At December 31, 2020, there were outstanding options to
Compensation cost associated with employee stock options represented approximately $6.8 million, $6.0 million, and $6.4 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of
The assumptions made for purposes of estimating fair value under the Black-Scholes model for the 3,509,549, 3,221,892 and 2,679,667 options granted during the
There was 0 expected dividend yield for the employee stock options granted. The
all periods presented. The simplified method was used because the Company does not believe historical exercise data provides a reasonable basis for the expected term
The weighted average grant-date fair value of
Restricted stock awards generally vest in equal installments over a period of one to three years. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and compensation cost is recorded on a straight-line basis over the share vesting period. The Company recorded expense associated with its restricted stock awards of approximately $7.6 million, $2.8 million, and $966 thousand, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, there was $41.5 million, $8.4 million, and $3.9 million respectively, of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards to be recognized over the next three years.
A summary of restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31,
401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan
The Company offers a 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan to eligible employees meeting certain age and service requirements. This plan permits participants to contribute 100% of their salary, up to the maximum allowable by the Internal Revenue Service regulations. Participants are immediately vested in their voluntary contributions plus actual earnings or less actual losses thereon. Participants are vested in the Company’s matching contribution based on years of service completed. Participants are fully vested upon completion of three years of service. During 2018, the Company began funding its matching contribution in a combination of cash and common stock.
The Company’s expense for this plan was approximately
Non-Employee Director Compensation
Each non-employee director is paid an annual retainer for 21. Income Taxes,
The components of loss before income taxes and the income tax benefit for the years ended December 31,
The significant components of deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31,
The Company’s effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate as follows:
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31,
The Company has recorded a valuation allowance, as a result of uncertainties related to the realization of its net deferred tax asset, at December 31,
Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the use of loss carryforwards may be limited if a change in ownership of a company occurs. If it is determined that due to transactions involving the Company’s shares owned by its 5 percent or greater stockholders a change of ownership has occurred under the provisions of Section 382 of the Code, the
Approximately
At December 31,
At December 31,
As of December 31, F-92 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities. Open tax years in the
US range from
The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 22. Commitments and Contingencies, as restated
Restricted Cash
In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of
The Company also had letters of credit in the aggregate amount of
Litigation
Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company has not recorded any accruals related to any legal matters.
Concentrations of credit risk
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has initial commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition.
At December 31,
On December 31, 2020, the Company waived the remaining vesting conditions under the Amazon Warrant, which resulted in a reduction in revenue of $399.7 million, which resulted in negative consolidated revenue of $93.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 18, “Warrant Transaction Agreements,” to the consolidated financial statements for further information. Total revenue in 2020 for this customer was negative $310.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, this customer accounted for (332.4)% of our total consolidated revenues which included a provision for warrant charge of $420.0 million, which was recorded as a reduction of revenue. Additionally, 156.2% of our total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with 2 other customers.
For the year ended F-93 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) December 31, 2019 49.7% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with 2
Capital Raise In January and February 2021, the Company issued and sold in a
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes During January and February of 2021, $15.2 million of Strategic Investment In February 2021, the
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March
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