--12-31 FY 2020
UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December31, 2020
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number 001-36729

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Freshpet, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware

20-1884894

(State of Incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

400 Plaza Drive, 1st Floor

Secaucus, New Jersey

07094

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(201) 520-4000

(201) 520-4000

(Registrant’sRegistrants telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)12(b) of the Act: None

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

FRPT

NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)12(g) of the Act:

None


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes      No  

☐ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes       No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form    10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-Accelerated filer

 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.    Yes  

    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes      No  

As of June 30, 2017, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the

The aggregate market value of the registrant’svoting and non-voting common stockequity held by non-affiliates was approximately $439 million.

As of March 1, 2018, 35,138,826the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30, 2020, was approximately $3.2 billion.

The number of the registrant were outstanding.

shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of April 19, 2021 was 43,258,748.

Documents Incorporated Byby Reference

The

None.

EXPLANATORY NOTE
Freshpet, Inc. (“Freshpet,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment”) to amend the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 22, 2021 (the “2020 10-K”), to include the information required by Items 10 through 14 of Part III of Form 10-K. This information was previously omitted from the 2020 10-K in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, which permits the information in the above referenced items to be incorporated in the Form 10-K by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement if such statement is filed no later than 120 days after the Company’s fiscal year-end. We are filing this Amendment to provide the information required in Part III of Form 10-K because a definitive proxy statement containing such information will not be filed by the Company within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by the 2020 10-K.
This Amendment amends and restates in their entirety Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be furnished (and are hereby incorporated)of Part III of the 2020 10-K and the exhibit index set forth in Part IV of the 2020 10-K and includes certain exhibits as noted thereon. The cover page of the 2020 10-K is also amended to delete the reference to the incorporation by an amendment hereto or pursuant to areference of the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuantstatement.
Except as described above, no other changes have been made to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.


Freshpet, Inc.

Annual Report on Formthe 2020 10-K,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1

Business

4

Item 1A

Risk Factors

10

Item 1B

Unresolved Staff Comments

22

Item 2

Properties

22

Item 3

Legal Proceedings

22

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures

23

PART II

Item 5

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

24

Item 6

Selected Financial Data

26

Item 7

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

28

Item 7A

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

43

Item 8

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

45

Item 9

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

63

Item 9A

Controls and Procedures

63

Item 9B

Other Information

64

PART III

Item 10

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

65

Item 11

Executive Compensation

65

Item 12

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Relate Stockholder Matters

65

Item 13

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

65

Item 14

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

65

PART IV

Item 15

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

66

Signatures

2


Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact includedthis Amendment does not modify, amend or update in this report are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements discuss our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “potential,” “project,” “projection,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “should,” “can,” “can have,” “likely,” the negatives thereof and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussionway any of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. They appearinformation contained in a numberthe 2020 10-K. This Amendment does not reflect events occurring after the date of places throughout this report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the industry in which we operate. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected, including:

our ability to successfully implement our growth;

our ability to generate sufficient cash flow or raise capital on acceptable terms;

the loss of key membersfiling of our senior management team;

allegations that2020 10-K. Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction with our products cause injury or illness or fail2020 10-K and with our filings with the SEC subsequent to comply with government regulations;

the loss of a significant customer;

the effectivenessfiling of our marketing and trade spending programs;

2020 10-K.

our abilityPursuant to introduce new products and improve existing products;

our limited manufacturing capacity;

the impact of government regulation, scrutiny, warning and public perception;

the effect of false marketing claims;

adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, pestilences and other natural conditions affecting our operations;

our ability to develop and maintain our brand;

the effect of potential price increases and shortages on the inputs, commodities and ingredients that we require;

our ability to manage our supply chain effectively;

volatility in the price of our common stock; and

other factors discussedRule 12b-15 under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Business,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report.

While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, or cautionary statements, are disclosed under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

3


PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Freshpet, Inc. (“Freshpet” or the “Company”) is disrupting the $28.0 billion North American pet food industry by driving consumers to reassess conventional dog and cat food offerings that have remained essentially unchanged for decades. We position our brand to benefit from mainstream trends of growing pet humanization and consumer focus on health and wellness. We price our products to be accessible to the average consumer, providing us with broad demographic appeal and allowing us to penetrate multiple classes of retail, including grocery (including online), mass, club, pet specialty and natural. We have successfully expanded our network of Freshpet Fridges within leading blue-chip retail chains. The strength of our business model extends to our customers, who we believe find that Freshpet grows their pet category sales, drives higher traffic, increases shopper frequency and delivers category leading margins. As of December 31, 2017, Freshpet Fridges were located in over 18,000 stores, and we believe there is an opportunity to install a Freshpet Fridge in at least 30,000 stores across North America. Additionally, we believe that there are opportunities to expand our network into international markets as demonstrated with our recent initiatives in the U.K. market.

Our Industry

We primarily compete in the North American dog and cat food market which we estimate has grown at an average compounded annual growth rate of approximately 5% from 2012 to 2017. We believe pet food spending in North America will continue to increase at a similar rate over the next five years. Of the total market, we estimate that dog food, cat food and treats & mixers accounted for retail sales of $28.0 billion. The pet food market has historically been resilient as consumers continue to spend on their pets even during economic downturns.

We believe the following trends are driving growth in our industry:

Pet ownership.    There are currently 84.6 million pet-owning households, or 68% of total households, and over 300 million pets in the United States, according to the American Pet Products Association.

Pet humanization.    According to Packaged Facts, 83% of U.S. pet owners view their pets as members of the family. As pets are increasingly viewed as companions, friends and family members,pet owners are being transformed into “pet parents” who spare no expense for their loved ones, driving premiumization across pet categories. This trend is reflected in food purchasing decisions. Nearly 80% of U.S. pet owners are as concerned about the quality of their pet’s food as they are about their own, according to market researcher Mintel.

Increasing consumer focus on health & wellness.   Consumers are increasingly purchasing fresh, natural and organic food products. We believe consumers are seeking simple, fresh and easy to understand food products from brands they trust and made with ingredients that are transparently sourced.

The pet food purchasing decision is underpinned by higher brand loyalty than many other consumer packaged goods categories. A consumer selecting a pet food brand resists frequent switching in order to avoid disrupting the pet’s diet, resulting in high repeat purchasing behavior. As a result, we believe that as consumers try fresh, refrigerated pet food, they are likely to become repeat users of the product.

Our Opportunity

Even though long-term consumer trends of pet humanization and health and wellness are well documented, conventional pet food sold as dry kibble or in wet cans has not changed substantially for decades. We believe that the pet food industry has not kept pace with how consumers think about food for their families, including their pets. As a result, consumers are searching for higher quality, less processed food for their dogs and cats—meals that measure up to today’s sensibilities of what actually constitutes “good food.” Freshpet was specifically designed to address this growing need with affordable offerings accessible to the average consumer.

4


Our Mission and Values

We started Freshpet with a single-minded mission—to bring the power of real, fresh food to our dogs and cats. And, we are committed to doing so in ways that are good for Pets, People and Planet.

Pets

Our pets are members of our family and deserve to eat the kind of fresh, healthy food that we do. We cook our fresh, nutritious pet food with the same care that we would take in preparing human food. Through the Freshpet Foundation, we support nutritional research in areas of prevention, care and treatment of diseases in dogs. Since founding Freshpet, we have donated over three million fresh meals to pets via shelters, charitable organizations and humane societies. Our team members get paid time off to pursue activities that help pets in their community. We also participate in Random Acts of Kindness to do our part to improve the lives of pets and pet parents.

People

People include our team members, our partners and pet parents. We treat our team members with respect and are committed to helping them develop professionally and personally. We try to be good partners with customers, distributors and suppliers by conducting business with honesty and transparency. Additionally, we strive to help pet owners by providing pet parenting resources.

Planet

We are committed to being socially responsible and minimizing our environmental impact. The electricity used in the Freshpet Kitchens is 100% wind-powered. Freshpet Kitchens is a landfill-free facility and we plant trees to offset carbon emissions. We also strive to conserve energy by continually improving the efficiency of our Freshpet Fridges and partnering with freight and logistics providers committed to sustainable practices.

Our commitment to our values helps us engage with consumers, motivate our team members and attract strong partners, which allows us to fulfill our mission of delivering the best nutritional product choices to improve the well-being of our pets, enrich pet parents’ lives and contribute to communities. Freshpet—Pets, People, Planet.

Our Products

Our products consist of dog food, cat food and dog treats. All Freshpet products are made according to our nutritional philosophy of fresh, meat-based nutrition and minimal processing. Our proprietary recipes include real, fresh meat and varying combinations of vitamin-rich vegetables, leafy greens and anti-oxidant rich fruits, without the use of preservatives, additives or artificial ingredients. Our unique product attributes appeal to diverse consumer needs across multiple classes of retail where Freshpet is sold. Consequently, our brand resonates across a broad cross-section of pet parent demographics.

All of our products are sold under the Freshpet brand name, with ingredients, packaging and labeling customized by class of trade. Our products are customized to different classes of trade and are available in multiple forms, including slice and serve rolls, bagged meals and tubs.

We also offer fresh treats across all classes of retail under the Dognation and Dog Joy labels.

5


Our Product Innovation

As the first manufacturer of fresh, refrigerated pet food distributed across North America, product innovation is core to our strategy. We take a fresh approach to pet food and are not constrained by conventional pet food products, attributes and production capabilities. We employ a tightly-knit, creative team of marketing and research and development professionals, and we consult with outside experts through our Nutrition Council, which consist of PhD’s in nutrition and veterinary nutritionists. Our team often identifies pet parents’ needs by evaluating emerging demand trends in both pet food and human food. Our research and development facility located next door to the Freshpet Kitchens tests small batches of new recipes and tries out new cooking techniques. New products are refined iteratively with the help of consumer panel data to arrive at products that we believe can be commercially successful.

The success of our approach is evidenced by our broad product portfolio today. We began Freshpet by producing fresh, refrigerated slice and serve rolls, and over time have steadily expanded into successful new product forms including bags, tubs and treats. We also introduced new fresh recipes and ingredients, such as proteins and grain-free options never before seen in pet food that cater to the specific dietary requirements of pets.

Our recently opened Innovation Center, next door to our Freshpet Kitchens manufacturing plant, helped us ensure that we remain capable of strong innovation including creating new product platforms to expand the breadth of our fresh offerings. We expect that new product introductions will continue to meaningfully drive growth going forward.

Our Supply Chain

Manufacturing: All of our products are manufactured in the United States. We own and operate what we believe to be the first fresh, refrigerated pet food manufacturing facility in North America, the Freshpet Kitchens at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. This 100,000 square foot facility was built to United States Department of Agriculture standards and houses four production lines customized to produce fresh, refrigerated food. In 2017, approximately 94% of our product volume was manufactured by us.

Ingredients and Packaging: Our products are made with natural and fresh ingredients including meat, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, vitamins and minerals. We use high quality food grade plastic packaging materials. Over 60% of our ingredients are sourced locally from within a 200 mile radius of the Freshpet Kitchens, 96% are from North America and none are sourced from China. We maintain rigorous standards for ingredient quality and safety. By volume, our largest input, fresh chicken, represents approximately 50% of total ingredients. In order to retain operating flexibility and negotiating leverage, we do not enter into exclusivity agreements or long-term commitments with any of our suppliers. All of our suppliers are well-established companies that have the scale to support our growth. For every ingredient, we either use multiple suppliers or have identified alternative sources of supply that meet our quality and safety standards.

Distribution: Beginning in 2016, outbound transportation from our facility is handled through a third-party refrigerated freight broker. We expect to be able to leverage certain distribution costs as volumes grow. We use national and regional distributors to cover the grocery (including online), mass, pet specialty and natural retail classes.

Our Product Quality and Safety

We go to great lengths to ensure product quality, consistency and safety from ingredient sourcing to finished product. Our company-owned manufacturing facility allows us to exercise significant control over production. Our quality assurance team includes 17 professionals with significant experience in pet and human food production.

Our production processes are designed to meet science-based quality standards with documented plans for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points and Hazard Analysis Risk Based Preventive Control to monitor established production controls, calibrate instruments, record data and perform corrective actions. Our on-site laboratory has microbial and composition testing capabilities. Quality control approvals are based on a positive release strategy, wherein a batch can only be shipped when it passes control point record reviews and laboratory testing. At the end of each working day, a third shift consisting of a cleaning crew sanitizes all equipment that is in contact with food material. Before commencing production the next day, quality assurance professionals swab equipment to test for potential contaminants.

Freshpet’s food safety program is certified at Safe Quality Food Level III, which is the highest standard determined under the Global Food Safety Initiative Benchmarks. We believe our systems and standards for product quality and safety can support our growth and ensure continued success in the market.

6


Our Customers and Distributors

We sell our products throughout United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, generating the vast majority of our sales in the United States. The strength of our business model makes us an attractive partner for leading blue-chip retailers, who we believe find that Freshpet grows the sales of their pet category, drives higher traffic, increases shopper frequency and delivers category-leading margins. Our Freshpet Fridge locations have been consistently increasing as we add new retail accounts and add stores in existing accounts. We are in over 18,000 stores and believe there is opportunity for us to install a Freshpet Fridge in at least 30,000 stores in North America. We sell our products through the following classes of retail: grocery (including online), mass, club, pet specialty and natural.

Our customers determine whether they wish to purchase our products either directly from us or through a third-party distributor. In 2017, our largest distributor by net sales, McLane Company, Inc., accounted for 18% of our net sales.

The Freshpet Fridge

We sell our products through a growing network of company-owned branded refrigerators, the Freshpet Fridges. Our Freshpet Fridges are typically four feet wide by seven feet high, and replace standard shelving in the pet aisle or an end-cap of a retail store. Our Freshpet Fridge designs are constantly evolving with all new models featuring prominent edge-lit LED headers, LED interior lighting, crisp black interiors and frameless glass swing doors for aesthetics and easy access. We use state-of-the-art refrigeration technology and environmentally friendly refrigerants to minimize energy consumption and environmental impact.

We design, produce, install and maintain the Freshpet Fridge through a combination of in-house resources and world-class partners. We source our Freshpet Fridges from five leading global commercial refrigerator manufacturers with whom we have a collaborative approach to refrigerator design and innovation. Once ordered by us, Freshpet Fridges are shipped to distribution centers for delivery and installation in retail stores.

Installation into retail locations and ongoing maintenance of the Freshpet Fridge is coordinated by Freshpet and executed through leading third-party service providers. All of our Freshpet Fridges are protected by a manufacturer warranty of three years. Our refrigerators are designed to be highly reliable, and at any given time less than 1% of the network is out of service for maintenance. Moreover, to ensure quality, cleanliness and appropriate in-stock levels, we employ brokerage partners to conduct a physical audit of the Freshpet Fridge network on an ongoing basis, with photographic results of our Freshpet Fridge in the network transmitted back to Freshpet and reviewed by members of our sales team.

We currently estimate less than 15 month cash-on-cash payback for the average Freshpet Fridge installation, calculated by comparing our total current costs for a refrigerator (including installation and maintenance) to our current margin on net revenues. We believe our attractive value proposition to retailers and pet parents will allow us to continue penetrating store locations of existing and new customers. The Freshpet Fridge provides a highly-visible merchandising platform, allows us to control how our brand is presented to consumers at point-of-sale and represents a significant point of differentiation from other pet food competitors.

Marketing and Advertising

Our marketing strategy is designed to educate consumers about the benefits of fresh refrigerated pet food and build awareness of the Freshpet brand. We deploy a broad set of marketing tools across television, digital and public relations to reach consumers through multiple touch points and increase product trials.

Our network of over 18,000 branded Freshpet Fridges in prominent locations within blue-chip retailers helps to introduce consumers to our brand and instantly distinguish Freshpet from traditionally merchandised pet food. We have effectively used national TV advertising to drive incremental consumers to try Freshpet products. We expect to realize greater benefits from national TV advertising as we continue to grow the network of Freshpet store locations nationwide. We have also expanded our online presence to better target consumers seeking information on healthy pet food. We reach consumers across multiple digital and social media platforms including websites, blogs and online reviews, as well as with tailored messaging on popular digital hubs including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.  

Our marketing strategy has allowed us to drive new consumers to our brand and develop a highly engaged community of users who actively advocate for Freshpet.

7


Competition

Pet food is a highly competitive industry. We compete with manufacturers of conventional pet food such as Mars, Nestlé and Big Heart Pet Brands (part of The J.M. Smucker Company). We also compete with specialty and natural pet food manufacturers such as Colgate-Palmolive and Blue Buffalo (expected to be part of General Mills pending completion of the recently announced acquisition). In addition, we compete with many regional niche brands in individual geographic markets.

Given a North American retail landscape dominated by large retailers, with limited shelf space and a significant number of competing products, competitors actively support their brands through marketing, advertising, promotional spending and discounting.

Competitive factors in the pet food industry include product quality, ingredients, brand awareness and loyalty, product variety, product packaging and design, reputation, price, advertising, promotion and nutritional claims. We believe that we compete effectively with respect to each of these factors.

Team Members

As of December 31, 2017, we had 260 employees, of which all but two are located in the United States. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or by any collective bargaining arrangements with respect to his or her employment with us. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Our Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in November 2004 and currently exist as a Delaware corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 400 Plaza Drive, 1st Floor, Secaucus, New Jersey 07094. Our telephone number is (201) 520-4000.

Website Information

The address of our corporate website is www.freshpet.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, annual proxy statements and related proxy cards are made available on our website at the same time they are mailed to stockholders. Our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, periodic reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports that we file or furnish pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), this Form 10-K/A also contains certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which are attached hereto. Because no financial statements have been included in this Amendment and this Amendment does not contain or amend any disclosure with respect to Items 307 and 308 of Regulation S-K, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of the certifications have been omitted. Terms used but not defined herein are as defined in our 2020 10-K.


Freshpet, Inc.
Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 10
Item 11
Item 12
Item 13
Item 14
Item 15

PART III
ITEM10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Set forth below is the name, age (as of April 30, 2021), position and a description of the business experience of each of our executive officers and directors:
Name
Age
Position(s)
Charles A. Norris75Chairman of the Board and Director
William B. Cyr58Director and Chief Executive Officer
J. David Basto48Director
Daryl G. Brewster64Director
Lawrence S. Coben62Director
Walter N. George III64Director
Craig D. Steeneck63Director
Leta D. Priest61Director
Jacki S. Kelley54Director
Olu Beck54Director
Scott Morris52President and Chief Operating Officer
Heather Pomerantz47Chief Financial Officer
Stephen Weise61Executive Vice President, Manufacturing & Supply Chain
Stephen Macchiaverna63Executive Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer
Cathal Walsh49Senior Vice President, Managing Director of Europe
Thembeka “Thembi” Machaba43Senior Vice President, Human Resources
Ivan Garcia36Vice President, Controller
Background of Directors and Executive Officers
Chairman of the Board and DirectorCharles A. Norris has been a member of our Board of Directors and Chairman of the Board since October 2006. Mr. Norris served as a member of the board of directors of Primo Water Corporation from 2016 to April 2020 and previously served as the Chairman of Glacier Water Services Inc. from 2001 to 2016. Mr. Norris was previously a member of the board of directors of Advanced Engineering Management and MP Holdco LLC, and was Chairman of the Board of Day Runner from September 2001 to November 2003, when it was sold. Mr. Norris is the retired President of McKesson Water Products Company, a bottled water company and division of McKesson Corporation, where he served as President from 1990 until he retired in October 2000. From 1981 through 1989, Mr. Norris served as President of Deer Park Spring Water Company, which was a division of Nestle USA, and then led an investor group that acquired the business in 1985 until it was sold to Clorox in 1987. Mr. Norris remained with Clorox through 1989 following their acquisition of Deer Park. From 1973 to 1985, Mr. Norris served in various operational executive positions with Nestle in both Switzerland and the United States. Mr. Norris has been nominated to serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Transformational CPG Acquisition Corp., a newly organized blank check company focused on effecting a potential transaction in the consumer packaged goods industry. Mr. Norris provides the Board of Directors with extensive corporate leadership experience as well as a deep understanding of our business.
Director and CEOWilliam B. Cyr has been a member of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer since September 2016. Before assuming his role at Freshpet, Mr. Cyr served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Sunny Delight Beverages Co. (“SDBC”) from August 2004 to February 2016. Prior to joining SDBC, Mr. Cyr spent 19 years at Procter & Gamble, where he ultimately served as the Vice President and General Manager of the North American Juice Business and Global Nutritional Beverages. Mr. Cyr serves as a Board and Executive Committee Member of the Consumer Brands Association, a position he has held since 2002. Additionally, during his time as President and Chief Executive Officer of SDBC, Mr. Cyr was a member of the Board of Directors of American Beverage Association from 2007 until 2016 and on the Executive Committee from 2012 to 2016. Mr. Cyr holds an A.B. from Princeton University. Mr. Cyr provides the Board of Directors with knowledge of the daily affairs of the Company, expertise in the consumer products industry and extensive experience in corporate leadership.
4

DirectorJ. David Basto has been a member of our Board of Directors since December 2010. Mr. Basto is a Managing Director of The Carlyle Group, which he joined in 2015.  Prior to joining The Carlyle Group, Mr. Basto was Founding Partner and Managing Director of Broad Sky Partners, from its formation in 2013 to 2015. Prior to co-founding Broad Sky Partners, Mr. Basto worked for MidOcean Partners from its inception in 2003 through 2013, most recently as Managing Director and co-head of MidOcean Partner’s consumer sector investing team. Prior to MidOcean Partners, Mr. Basto worked for DB Capital Partners and its predecessor BT Capital Partners from 1998 through 2003. Previously, Mr. Basto held positions with Juno Partners and Tucker Anthony Inc. Mr. Basto currently serves as chairman of the board of directors of PurposeBuilt Brands, Inc. Mr. Basto also serves on the board of directors of the parent entities of Arctic Glacier, Inc., Every Man Jack and Hive Brands. Mr. Basto provides the Board of Directors with extensive core business and leadership skill as well as expertise in analyzing financial issues and insights into the consumer sector.
DirectorOlu Beck has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 2019. Since January 2013, Ms. Beck has been the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of The Beck Group NJ, a boutique strategic and management consulting firm. Ms. Beck also served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Wholesome Sweeteners, Inc., a maker of consumer-packaged natural and organic sweeteners and snacks, from January 2016 to June 2018. Prior to that, Ms. Beck served as Head of Global & U.S. Marketing & Health and Wellness for Johnson and Johnson, Inc. from 2010 to 2012. Prior to Johnson and Johnson, Inc., Ms. Beck served in various executive leadership roles in Finance and Sales at Mars Incorporated from 1989 to 2009, including serving as Chief Financial Officer of Uncle Ben’s Rice. Ms. Beck also serves on the board of directors of Hostess Brands, Inc. and has been nominated to serve on the board of directors of Denny’s Corporation. Ms. Beck has more than 25 years of experience in portfolio business management and general management, including direct experience in transformational and strategic growth—both organically and through mergers and acquisition. Ms. Beck provides the Board of Directors with diversified, cross-functional and global experience, extensive management experience in the consumer packaged goods industry and insights into leading practices in executive compensation, corporate governance and audit.
DirectorDaryl G. Brewster has been a member of our Board of Directors since January 2011. Since 2021, Mr. Brewster has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Transformational CPG Acquisition Corp., a newly organized blank check company focused on effecting a potential transaction in the consumer packaged goods industry. Since 2013, Mr. Brewster has served as the Chief Executive Officer of CECP, a coalition of chief executive officers from over 200 large cap companies focused on driving sustainable business and improving communication with strategic investors.  Since 2008, Mr. Brewster has also been the founder and chief executive officer ofBrookside Management, LLC, a boutique consulting firm that provides C-level consulting and support to consumer companies and service providers to the industry. Mr. Brewster serves as an Operating Advisor to The Carlyle Group and previously served as a Management Advisor to MidOcean Partners. Mr. Brewster served as the Chief Executive Officer of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. from March 2006 through January 2008. From 1996 to 2006, Mr. Brewster was a senior executive at Nabisco, Inc. and Kraft, Inc. (which acquired Nabisco in 2000), where he served in numerous senior executive roles, most recently as Group Vice President and President, Snacks, Biscuits and Cereal. Before joining Nabisco, Mr. Brewster served as Managing Director, Campbell’s Grocery Products Ltd.—UK, Vice-President, Campbell’s Global Strategy, and Business Director, Campbell’s U.S. Soup. Mr. Brewster serves on the boards of several middle-market growth companies, and previously served on the board of E*Trade Financial Services, Inc. Mr. Brewster provides the Board of Directors with experience in corporate leadership, public company operations, and an understanding of the pet and consumer packaged goods industries.
DirectorLawrence S. Coben, Ph.D. has been a member of our Board of Directors since November 2014. Dr. Coben has served as Chairman of the Board of NRG Energy since February 2017 and has been a director of NRG since December 2003. Dr. Coben was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Tremisis Energy Corporation LLC from 2003 to December 2017. Dr. Coben was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Tremisis Energy Acquisition Corporation II, a publicly held company, from July 2007 through March 2009 and of Tremisis Energy Acquisition Corporation from February 2004 to May 2006. From January 2001 to January 2004, Dr. Coben was a Senior Principal of Sunrise Capital Partners L.P., a private equity firm. From 1997 to January 2001, Dr. Coben was an independent consultant. From 1994 to 1996, Dr. Coben was Chief Executive Officer of Bolivian Power Company. Dr. Coben served on the advisory board of Morgan Stanley Infrastructure II, L.P. from September 2014 through December 2016. Dr. Coben is also Executive Director of the Escala Initiative (formerly the Sustainable Preservation Initiative) and a Consulting Scholar at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Dr. Coben provides the Board of Directors with significant managerial, strategic, and financial expertise, particularly as it relates to company financings, transactions and development initiatives.
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DirectorWalter N. George III has been a member of our Board of Directors since November 2014. Mr. George is the President of G3 Consulting, LLC, a boutique advisory firm specializing in value creation in small and mid-market consumer products companies, a company he founded in 2013. Mr. George served as President of the American Italian Pasta Company and Corporate Vice President of Ralcorp Holdings from 2010 until its sale to Conagra Foods in 2013. Mr. George served as Chief Operating Officer at American Italian Pasta Company from 2008 to 2010. From 2001 to 2008, Mr. George served in other executive roles with American Italian Pasta Company, including Senior Vice President—Supply Chain and Logistics and Executive Vice President—Operations and Supply Chain. From 1988 through 2001, Mr. George held a number of senior operating positions with Hill’s Pet Nutrition, a subsidiary of Colgate Palmolive Company, most recently as Vice President of Supply Chain. Mr. George is President and serves on the board of Old World Spice and Seasoning Company, and serves on the board of directors of Vision Bank. Mr. George is non-executive chairman of the board of Indigo Wild, LLC. Mr. George provides the Board of Directors with operations expertise, consumer products and pet food industry expertise and public company experience.
DirectorJacki S. Kelley has been a member of our Board of Directors since February 2019. Ms. Kelley has over 25 years of executive and senior leadership experience in the media and digital industries. Ms. Kelley currently serves as CEO/Americas at Dentsu, Inc., a role she has held since January 2020. Prior to her current role, Ms. Kelley spent five years at Bloomberg, first joining as Chief Operating Officer of Bloomberg Media in 2014 and then moving to Bloomberg LP in 2017 after being appointed Deputy Chief Operating Officer. Before joining Bloomberg, Ms. Kelley was the CEO, North America, and President of Global Clients for IPG Mediabrands as well as Global CEO, Universal McCann. Ms. Kelley was also a Vice President, Worldwide Strategy & Solutions, at Yahoo! and worked with USA Today for 18 years, leaving the company as a Senior Vice President. Ms. Kelley also serves on the board of directors of Comic Relief USA and is an Executive Board member of the Ad Council. Ms. Kelley provides the Board of Directors with corporate leadership and extensive senior management experience in media and marketing.
DirectorLeta D. Priest has been a member of our Board of Directors since September 2018. Ms. Priest has over 30 years of executive and senior leadership experience in the retail and consumer packaged goods industries. Ms. Priest was a key leader in food for Walmart from May 2003 to November 2015 during Walmart’s expansion of grocery, including having served as Senior Vice President and General Merchandising Manager, Fresh Food from 2009 to 2015. Ms. Priest also served as Senior Vice President, General Merchandising Manager in other key areas of food for Walmart from January 2007 through 2015. Ms. Priest began her career with Walmart as Vice President of Food Development. Ms. Priest joined Walmart from Safeway, where she served as Vice President Corporate Brands, North America from January 1998 to April 2003. Prior to her time at Safeway, Ms. Priest had 11 years of consumer products experience in senior leadership roles across brand management and product development with The Torbitt & Castleman Company and Dole Food Company. Ms. Priest serves as a director on the following boards: Gehl Foods since November 2019 and Milo’s Tea Company since April 2018. In 2017, Ms. Priest completed seven years as a director on the Board of Feeding America. Ms. Priest provides the Board of Directors with corporate leadership, public company experience and extensive senior management experience in the retail and consumer packaged goods industries.
DirectorCraig D. Steeneck has been a member of our Board of Directors since November 2014. Mr. Steeneck served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pinnacle Foods Inc. from July 2007 to January 2019, where he oversaw the company’s financial operations, treasury, tax, investor relations, corporate development and information technology and was an integral part of the integration team for several of its acquisitions. From June 2005 to July 2007, Mr. Steeneck served as Executive Vice President, Supply Chain Finance and IT of Pinnacle Foods, helping to redesign the supply chain to generate savings and improved financial performance. Pinnacle Foods was acquired by Conagra Brands in October 2018. From April 2003 to June 2005, Mr. Steeneck served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Cendant Timeshare Resort Group (now Wyndham Destinations, Inc.), playing key roles in wide-scale organization of internal processes and staff management. From March 2001 to April 2003, Mr. Steeneck served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Resorts Condominiums International (now Wyndham Destinations, Inc.). From October 1999 to February 2001, Mr. Steeneck was the Chief Financial Officer of International Home Foods Inc. Mr. Steeneck has served as a board member and Chairman of the Audit Committee of Hostess Brands, Inc. since November 2016 and as lead independent director from January 2019 to December 2019.  Mr. Steeneck has served as a board member of Collier Creek Holdings (now Utz Brands, Inc.) since November 2018, where he is Chairman of the Audit Committee and member of the Compensation Committee.  Mr. Steeneck served on the Board of Directors of Kind, Inc. from May 2019 to July 2020. Mr. Steeneck provides the Board of Directors with extensive management experience in the consumer-packaged goods industry as well as accounting and financial expertise.
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President, Chief Operating Officer & Co-FounderScott Morris is a co-founder of Freshpet and has served as our Chief Operating Officer since July 2015 and President since March 2016. Mr. Morris served as our Chief Marketing Officer from January 2014 to July 2015 and Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing from 2010 to 2013. Mr. Morris is involved in all aspects of Company development and day-to-day operations. Prior to joining Freshpet, Mr. Morris was Vice President of Marketing at The Meow Mix Company from 2002 to 2006. Previously, Mr. Morris worked at Ralston Purina from 1990 to 2002, holding various leadership positions in Sales and Marketing, most recently Pet Food Group Director. Mr. Morris also works as an advisor and investor in several small startup consumer packaged goods companies with strong social missions and a focus to improve food and the world. Additionally, in 2020, Mr. Morris co-founded Hive Brands, an eco-friendly commerce platform for sustainable food and household goods.
Chief Financial OfficerHeather Pomerantz has served as Chief Financial Officer since October 2020. Ms. Pomerantz previously served as our Executive Vice President of Finance from January 2020 to October 2020. Prior to joining Freshpet, from March 2019 to December 2019, Ms. Pomerantz served as the Vice President of Finance for North America for The Nature’s Bounty Co. Prior to joining The Nature’s Bounty Co., Ms. Pomerantz served in various finance and accounting roles at Unilever from June 2001 to February 2019, concluding as Vice President of North America Transformation. Prior to joining Unilever, Ms. Pomerantz worked as a consultant at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, where she had responsibilities for ERP implementations. Ms. Pomerantz has over twenty years of oversight and leadership experience in finance and systems roles in the consumer packaged goods industry.
EVP, Manufacturing & Supply ChainStephen L. Weise has served as EVP of Manufacturing & Supply Chain, previously titled Executive Vice President of Operations, since July 2015.  Mr. Weise has over 25 years of experience in the manufacturing and distribution of consumer products. Prior to joining Freshpet, from June 2013 to July 2015, Mr. Weise was an Account Manager at TBM Consulting, a consulting firm that specialized in operational excellence and lean manufacturing. From 2003 to February 2013, Mr. Weise held the role of COO at the Arthur Wells Group, a 3PL specializing in consumer products and temperature-controlled distribution.  Prior to that, from 2002 to 2003, Mr. Weise served as the SVP of Operations for the B. Manischewitz Company, a specialty food manufacturer.  From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Weise served as Chief Operating Officer at the Eight in One Pet Products Company, from 1995 to 2000 as VP of Manufacturing at Chock Full O’ Nuts, and from 1986 to 1995 in various positions at Kraft Foods.
EVP, Secretary & TreasurerStephen Macchiaverna has served as Executive Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer since September 2020. Prior to that time, Mr. Macchiaverna served as Senior Vice President, Controller & Secretary, from October 2006. Prior to joining Freshpet, Mr. Macchiaverna was the Controller for The Meow Mix Company from its inception in 2002 through its sale and transition to Del Monte Foods in 2006. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Macchiaverna was the Vice President of Finance and Treasurer of Virgin Drinks USA, Inc. Mr. Macchiaverna began his consumer-packaged goods career with First Brands Corporation, where he worked from 1986 to 1999, most recently as Divisional Controller for all domestic subsidiaries. Mr. Macchiaverna has over 30 years’ experience in consumer-packaged goods financial management.
Co-Founder, SVP and Managing Director of EuropeCathal Walsh is a co-founder of Freshpet and has served as Senior Vice President, Managing Director of Europe, previously titled Senior Vice President of Cooler Operations, since January 2011 and previously served as our Chief Operating Officer from October 2006 to January 2011. Prior to joining Freshpet, Mr. Walsh was Zone Marketing Manager at Nestlé Worldwide from 2000 to 2005 and was Marketing Manager at Nestlé Pet Care from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Walsh has over 25 years’ experience in packaged goods marketing, sales and management, including in international food markets.
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SVP, Human ResourcesThembeka Thembi Machaba joined Freshpet in August of 2020, as SVP of Human Resources. Ms. Machaba has over 20 years’ experience in the Manufacturing, Food & Beverage industries. Prior to joining Freshpet, Ms. Machaba was a Vice President of Global Human Resources and Organization Development at Molson Coors from January 2019 to August 2020 and Senior Director of Global Human Resources from October 2016 to December 2018. Ms. Machaba held various roles within Human Resources at MillerCoors, the North American Business unit of Molson Coors from August 2012 to October 2016. Prior to moving to the United States, Ms. Machaba served in a number of senior Human Resource roles in SABMiller, a global brewing company in South Africa beginning in 2003 to 2011. Prior to joining SABMiller, Ms. Machaba worked in a training role at AFROX, a chemical manufacturing company in South Africa. Prior to that Ms. Machaba worked at Unilever SA in various Human Resources roles.
VP of Finance, ControllerIvan Garcia has served as Vice President of Finance since April 2017 and Controller since September 2020, having previously served as Director of Financial Reporting and Budgeting from June 2015 to March 2017 and Manager of Financial Reporting from February 2014 to May 2015. Prior to joining Freshpet, Mr. Garcia held progressive roles at KPMG LLP, including Manager of Audit, from September 2007 to January 2014, where he served both public and private clients mainly in the consumer and industrial market segments.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.
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Corporate Governance and Board Structure
Our Board of Directors consists of 10 members and is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. At each annual general meeting of stockholders, the successors to directors whose terms then expire will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following election. The authorized number of directors may be changed by resolution of the Board of Directors. Vacancies on the Board of Directors can be filled by resolution of the Board of Directors. Mr. Norris serves as the Chairman of our Board of Directors. We believe that each of the members of our Board of Directors except Mr. Cyr is independent consistent with the Nasdaq rules. Mr. Brewster and Ms. Kelley are the Class I directors, and their terms will expire in 2021. Mr. Basto, Mr. George, Mr. Steeneck and Dr. Coben are the Class II directors, and their terms will expire in 2022. Mr. Norris, Ms. Priest, Ms. Beck and Mr. Cyr are the Class III directors, and their terms will expire in 2023. Mr. King, who was a Class I director, resigned from the Board of Directors in September 2020. The division of our Board of Directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change in control. See “—Commitment to Good Corporate Governance” for additional information.
Our Board of Directors met seven times during 2020. Under the Company’s corporate governance guidelines, Board members are expected to attend all meetings of the Board and committees on which they serve. Each director serving on the Board in 2020 attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the Board and of Committees on which he or she served during the time he or she was on the Board in 2020. All of the members of our Board of Directors serving at the time attended our 2020 annual stockholders’ meeting. Our corporate governance guidelines are available throughon our corporate website free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)at www.freshpet.com. Our website also provides accessis not part of this annual report.
Board Committees
Our Board of Directors has three standing committees: an Audit Committee; a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; and a Compensation Committee. Each of the committees reports to reports filedthe Board of Directors as they deem appropriate, and as the Board of Directors may request. The composition, duties and responsibilities of these committees are set forth below. In the future, our Board of Directors may establish other committees, as it deems appropriate, to assist it with its responsibilities.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other matters: (1) appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm; (2) discussing with our independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management; (3) reviewing with our independent registered public accounting firm the scope and results of their audit and the audit fee; (4) approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by our directors, executive officersindependent registered public accounting firm, including taking into consideration whether the independent auditor’s provision of any non-audit services to us is compatible with maintaining the independent auditor’s independence; (5) overseeing the financial reporting process and certain significant shareholders pursuantdiscussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual consolidated financial statements that we file with the SEC; (6) reviewing and monitoring our accounting principles, accounting policies, financial and accounting controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (7) establishing procedures for the confidential anonymous submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal controls or auditing matters; (8) reviewing and approving related person transactions; (9) annually reviewing the Audit Committee charter and the committee’s performance; and (10) handling such other matters that are specifically delegated to Section 16the Audit Committee by our Board of Directors from time to time.
Our Audit Committee consists of Mr. Steeneck (chair), Mr. Basto and Ms. Beck. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that Mr. Steeneck, Mr. Basto and Ms. Beck meet the definition of “independent directors” for purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules. In addition, Mr. Steeneck qualifies as our “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K. The Audit Committee met four times during 2020.
Our Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee, which is available on our corporate website at www.freshpet.com. Our website is not part of this report.
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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and recommending to the Board of Directors criteria for identifying and evaluating candidates for directorships and making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding candidates for election or reelection to the Board of Directors at each annual stockholders’ meeting. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance guidelines and reporting and making recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning corporate governance matters. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is also responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the structure, composition and function of the Exchange Act.Board of Directors and its committees.
In considering director nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers a number of factors, including:
the independence, judgment, strength of character, reputation in the business community, ethics and integrity of the individual;
the business or other relevant experience, skills and knowledge that the individual may have that will enable him or her to provide effective oversight of the Company’s business;
the fit of the individual’s skill set and personality with those of the other Board members so as to build a Board that works together effectively and constructively; and
the individual’s ability to devote sufficient time to carry out his or her responsibilities as a director in light of his or her occupation and the number of boards of directors of other public companies on which he or she serves.
When formulating its Board membership recommendations, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider advice and recommendations from stockholders, management and others as it deems appropriate, including a leadership search firm, Spencer Stuart, which was retained by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to assist in identifying and evaluating potential candidates. Although we do not have a formal policy regarding Board diversity, when evaluating candidates for nomination as a director, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does consider diversity in its many forms, including among others, experience, skills, ethnicity, race and gender. We believe a diverse Board, as so defined, provides for different points of view and robust debate and enhances the effectiveness of the Board. Upon identifying a potential nominee, members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will interview the candidate, and based upon that interview, reference checks and committee discussions, make a recommendation to the Board.
Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Mr. George (Chair), Dr. Coben and Ms. Kelley. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that Mr. George, Dr. Coben and Ms. Kelley meet the definition of “independent directors” for purposes of serving on a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times during 2020.
Our Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, which is available on our corporate website at www.freshpet.com. The information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this report.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other matters: (1) reviewing key employee compensation goals, policies, plans and programs; (2) reviewing and approving the compensation of our directors, Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; (3) reviewing and approving employment agreements and other similar arrangements between us and our executive officers; and (4) administering our stock plans and other incentive compensation plans. The Compensation Committee may delegate its responsibilities to a subcommittee formed by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, may also engage legal, accounting, or other consultants or experts, including compensation consultants, to assist in carrying out its responsibilities.
Our Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Brewster (Chair), Ms. Kelley and Ms. Priest. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that Mr. Brewster, Ms. Kelley and Ms. Priest meet the definition of “independent directors” for purposes of serving on a Compensation Committee under applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules. Our Compensation Committee met seven times during 2020. Mr. King served on the Compensation Committee until his resignation from the Board in September 2020.
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Our Board of Directors adopted a written charter for the Compensation Committee, which is available on our corporate website at www.freshpet.com. The information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this report.
Risk Oversight
Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing our risk management process. The Board of Directors focuses on our general risk management strategy and the most significant risks facing us and ensures that appropriate risk mitigation strategies are implemented by management. The Board of Directors is also apprised of risk management matters in connection with its general oversight and approval of corporate matters and significant transactions.
Our Board of Directors does not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through our Board of Directors as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of our Board of Directors that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, our Board of Directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, our Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing our major financial risk exposures and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures and our Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage unnecessary risk-taking. In addition, our Audit Committee oversees the performance of our internal audit function and considers and approves or disapproves any related-party transactions. Our management is responsible for day-to-day risk management. This oversight includes identifying, evaluating and addressing potential risks that may exist at the enterprise, strategic, financial, operational, compliance and reporting levels.
We believe good governance at all levels is necessary to drive corporate responsibility, and that our corporate governance is more effective when we consider environmental and social issues as a part of corporate strategy, key risks, and our operations. As a part of this endeavor, the Board oversees the management team fulfilling responsibilities relating to sustainability and corporate social responsibility, particularly those that may affect the stakeholders and stockholders of our Company, and the communities in which we operate. Our Board and its committees play a critical role in oversight of our corporate culture and holds management accountable for its maintenance of high ethical standards, governance practices and compliance programs to protect our business, employees and reputation.
Leadership Structure of the Board of Directors
The positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are presently separated. We believe that separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on our day-to-day business, while allowing the Chairman of the Board to lead the Board of Directors in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. Our Board of Directors recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer is required to devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to serve as our Chairman. While our Bylaws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, our Board of Directors believes that having separate positions is the appropriate leadership structure for us at this time and demonstrates our commitment to good corporate governance.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of the Compensation Committee is or has been an executive officer or employee of the Company, nor did they have any relationships requiring disclosure by the Company under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. During 2020, none of our executive officers served as a director or a member of a compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity, an executive officer of which served as one of our directors or a member of the Compensation Committee.
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Commitment to Good Corporate Governance Guidelines,
Business Transformation: 2006 to 2020
Freshpet was founded in 2006 with a single-minded mission to do right by pets, people and the planet, every step of the way from farm to fridge. In 2010, we welcomed a private equity investor who believed in our mission and the power of our platform, and subsequently went public in 2014. In addition to onboarding new directors with financial and industry expertise that we needed as a public company, we welcomed our current CEO, William B. Cyr, in 2016 to support the Board’s ambition to rapidly and strategically scale the business. In 2019, our Board added three women directors, who brought deep expertise in retail, digital optimization and strategy to support our 2020 long-term plan.
The following graphic helps illustrate our history, progress and plans for the future.
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Freshpets Commitment to Good Corporate Governance: 2021 to 2025 Roadmap
Since our 2014 IPO, Freshpet’s market cap has grown from around $300 million to approximately $7.9 billion (as of April 27, 2021). As a young public company in pursuit of sizable long-term goals to disrupt the pet food industry, our IPO-related governance provisions provided protection from market volatility and short-term hostile threats while our Board and management pursued long-term strategic goals and stockholder value creation.
While these governance provisions were critical to our success as a young public company, our Board recognized that some of these protections provided by our governance structure should be gradually phased out as we reach maturity. Concurrent with setting Freshpet’s strategic 2025 long-term plan, the Board during 2019 solicited valuable stockholder feedback to receive direct input as to how to best evolve Freshpet’s corporate governance.
In response, the Board has implemented an effective corporate governance structure that allows our Board and management to focus primarily on the creation of long-term value for our stockholders while also considering the interests of our employees and the communities in which we do business. Supporting that philosophy, we have adopted, and strategically planned to adopt in the future, many leading corporate governance practices, including:
STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS
Freshpets Corporate Governance Practices
Independent, Non-Executive Chairman
The positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are presently separated. While our Bylaws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, we believe that separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on our day-to-day business and our Chairman of the Board to lead the Board of Directors in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management.
Board Independence
During 2020, all of our directors (other than our Chief Executive Officer) were independent, and each of our Board committees consisted entirely of independent directors.
Board Refreshment and Commitment to Diversity
Since 2018, the Board has appointed three new directors, all of whom are women. We believe that fresh perspectives and diversity, in its many forms, and the breadth of perspective that it brings, enhances the effectiveness of the Board.
Single Voting Class
All holders of Freshpet’s common stock have the same voting rights (one vote per share of stock).
No Poison Pill
We do not have a stockholder rights plan, also known as a poison pill, in place.
2020 Stockholder and Board Actions
Eliminated Supermajority Voting Provisions from our Certificate of Incorporation
At our 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, our Board submitted a proposal to our stockholders to eliminate all of the supermajority voting provisions from the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, which our stockholders overwhelmingly voted to approve.
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STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS
Director Resignation Policy
Our Board adopted a policy that any incumbent nominee for director who does not receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in any uncontested election must promptly offer to resign. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will make a recommendation on the offer and the Board will decide whether to accept or reject the offer.
2021 Proposal to Stockholders and Planned Board Actions
Majority Voting Standard for Director Elections
Before the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, the Board plans to amend our Bylaws to implement a majority voting standard for director elections in uncontested elections and a plurality voting standard in contested elections. Our current Bylaws provide for a plurality voting standard.
Director Tenure Policy
Before the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Board plans to adopt a director retirement policy that will provide that non-employee directors will not be nominated for re-election to the Board after reaching age 75.
Board Proposal to Declassify the Board of Directors
In the Company’s 2021 proxy statement, our Board plans to submit a proposal to be voted on by stockholders to fully declassify the Board by 2025. Our Certificate of Incorporation currently divides our Board into three classes, with one class being elected each year.
Planned Future Proposals and Board Actions
Proxy Access
Before the Company’s 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, the Board plans to amend the Company’s Bylaws incorporating a provision to permit a stockholder, or a group of up to 20 stockholders, owning at least 3% of our outstanding common stock for three years, to nominate a certain percentage of the directors for the Company’s Board.
Shareholder Right to Call a Special Meeting
In the Company’s 2022 proxy statement, our Board plans to submit a proposal to be voted on by stockholders at the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders to allow stockholders the ability to call special meetings.
Code of Ethics & Whistleblower Policy
We adopted a written General Code of Ethics (“General Code”) which applies to all of our directors, officers and other employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and controller. In addition, we adopted a written Code of Ethics for Executive Officers and Principal Accounting Personnel (“Code of Ethics”) which applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, controller and charters for the committeesother designated members of our boardmanagement. Copies of directorseach code are available on our corporate website as well as other shareholder communications.at www.freshpet.com. The information contained in or that can be accessed throughon our website does not constitute a part of and is not incorporated by reference into, this report. You may readWe will provide any person, without charge, upon request, a copy of our General Code or Code of Ethics. Such requests should be made in writing to the attention of our Corporate Secretary at the following address: Freshpet, Inc., 400 Plaza Drive, 1st Floor, Secaucus, New Jersey 07094.
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Freshpet has a zero-tolerance policy for bribery and copy any materials wecorruption. The Board established a robust Whistleblower Policy to set optimal procedures with regard to reports of concerns made by employees and other parties, and to protect whistleblowers against harassment or retaliation.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors, executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10 percent of the Company’s common stock (collectively, “Reporting Persons”) to file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operationinitial reports of ownership and changes in ownership of the Public Reference RoomCompany’s common stock. Based solely on its review of the copies of such reports received or written representations from certain Reporting Persons that no other reports were required, the Company believes that during its fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 all filing requirements applicable to the Reporting Persons were timely met except (i) Mr. Macchiaverna did not timely file a Form 4 in connection with a grant of RSU on April 1, 2020; (ii) Mr. Walsh did not timely file a Form 4 in connection with a grant of options on June 8, 2020; and (iii) Mr. Brewster did not timely file a Form 4 in connection with a purchase of 500 shares of the Company’s common stock on November 27, 2015, in Mr. Brewster’s case due to administrative oversight and in Mr. Walsh’s and Mr. Macchiaverna’s case due to administrative delays.
Commitment to Human Capital Management
At Freshpet, our vision is to create a happier, healthier world where pets, people and the planet thrive. We know that our people are our enduring advantage and we are obsessed in our mission to ensure that all people who touch Freshpet are better in some way. We strive to be the place where people love to work and we encourage everyone to be grow, have fun and deliver on our vision. Our overall human resource strategy is designed to attract, develop and retain the best qualified employees to meet our business goals on an ongoing basis and to execute our growth strategy.
As of December 31, 2020, Freshpet had employed 591 team members, an increase of approximately 28% from one year earlier, based across our 3 locations of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Secaucus, New Jersey, and Ennis, Texas. In Europe, Freshpet has also employed 7 employees. None of our employees are represented by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxylabor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Our workforce consists of approximately 374 hourly production employees, 118 salaried and information statementsmanagerial employees in manufacturing and 99 salaried and managerial employees in other functions, such as Marketing, Finance, Sales, Consumer Care, and other informationsupport and distribution roles.
Employee Engagement
In 2020, Freshpet achieved an engagement score of 82% with a total participation rate of 70%. Our Net Promoter score was 8.3, a 7% increase from our prior Net Promoter Score, which we believe demonstrates our employees' positive perception about the future of Freshpet and strong belief in our vision.
At Freshpet, our programs are designed to reward and support employees through competitive pay, creative incentive programs and generous benefits. We strive to ensure that we file electronicallyour benefit offerings meet the evolving needs of our diverse workforce across all of our locations. The surge in growth coupled with the SEC.

TrademarksCOVID-19 pandemic put significant strain on our human resources in 2020. Labor shortages driven by factors relating to the pandemic forced us to rethink our approach to attracting and Other Intellectual Property

retaining the right talent in the business. Freshpet implemented a number of creative employee incentive programs and invested heavily in marketing of employment opportunities to recruit a high number of production and sanitation employees into our kitchens. Labor shortages compounded by high absenteeism due to testing, quarantine and childcare issues led to a series of systemic changes to our recruitment, training and retention strategies. These revised practices will continue to form part of our ongoing efforts to ensure a strong, skilled employee base.

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Health and Safety
The COVID-19 pandemic provided us with a defining moment to support and further develop and entrench our employee-centric culture. This showed up in our prioritization of the health, safety and welfare of our employees. Our comprehensive response to the COVID-19 pandemic has included:
Adopting a COVID-19 screening and contact tracing process;
Establishing physical distancing procedures in our kitchens;
Modifying office workstations with physical dividers;
Implementing additional cleaning and disinfecting procedures;
Mandating work from home for our corporate office employees in Secaucus, New Jersey; and
Suspending our absenteeism policy to encourage those who did not feel well to stay home.
As a result of the COVID pandemic, we have added a full-time, bi-lingual on-site industrial nurse who works with our team on health-related issues. This has become a popular and heavily utilized resource for our team.
At our Freshpet Kitchens, the Company provides employees with extensive safety gear and protective clothing as well as a wide array of hot beverages and warm soups to help our team members stay warm in our refrigerated facilities.
The Freshpet team regularly monitors and evaluates injury rates, safety observances and near-misses, and take proactive steps to ensure employee safety is paramount in all our planning.
Diversity and Inclusion
We believe that a diverse workforce is critical to our rightssuccess, and our goal is to create a culture where we provide equal and fair opportunities for all of our employees. Our values are reflected in our trademarksdiverse workforce, and service marks are important towe believe that our marketingcompetitive advantage lies in our diversity of thought, creativity in solving systemic problems and strengthening our partnerships with pet-caring organizations and the communities in which we live.
Our workforce reflects the communities in which we operate. For example, our staff in the Freshpet Kitchens in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is approximately 53% white, 30% Hispanic, 10% African American and 7% other ethnicities.
The Company and the Board have made deliberate efforts to develop brand recognitionexpand the diversity of our leadership and differentiate our brand from our competitorsBoard, and create an inclusive environment. Currently, of the nine non-executive members of the Board, three are women. One of the members of the Board is African American.
The Company’s senior leadership team consists of eight people, two of whom are women and one is African American. The Company made three significant new senior management hires late in 2019 and during 2020. Two were female, one of whom is African American. The third is a valuableHispanic male. Each leads a significant part of our business. organization as they lead our Finance function (female), HR (female, African American) and Manufacturing (male, Hispanic).
Employee Benefits
Freshpet offers a comprehensive collection of benefits designed to make Freshpet competitive within the talent pools from which it recruits. All Freshpet employees are eligible for the same benefits regardless of title. In order to incentivize and engage our workforce, Freshpet provides:
●     Industry-leading compensation, including stock compensation for every employee (granted after 12-months of continuous employment for hourly employees)
●     Industry-leading healthcare offered equitably for every employee (including pet insurance)
●     Competitive perquisites, including pet insurance, free healthy snack room and catered lunches (including ice cream Fridays)
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●     Multi-year equity grants to “One-of -a-Kind Talent” employees identified by the Board
●     401(k) matching for every employee
We ownalso allow each employee to take home one package of Freshpet each day to feed their pet or the pet of someone close to them.
Recruitment
Freshpet aggressively recruits for talent to fill our rapidly growing manufacturing operations. We have three full-time recruiters on staff who screen potential new hires and conduct on-boarding training for them. We advertise on social media, billboards and radio and uses a variety of job referral services to attract the skilled labor we require.
To fill the increasing managerial roles because of Freshpet’s growth, we use third-party recruiters who are experts on what makes Freshpet unique and have a deep understanding of our culture and requirements. These recruiters have successfully filled a wide range of roles with a focus on increasing the diversity of our managerial ranks.
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ITEM11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (CD&A)
Introduction
This CD&A describes the material elements of compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of our named executive officers (or NEOs). This CD&A also describes Freshpet’s philosophy behind and objectives for executive compensation, as well as the manner in which the Company awards, and our NEOs earn, such compensation. Finally, this CD&A is intended to supplement the data presented in the Summary Compensation Table and other compensation tables that follow the CD&A.
The following table lists our NEOs for 2020, which is the group consisting of each individual who served as our Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer during 2020, and our three other most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers on December 31, 2020.
NamePrincipal Position
William B. CyrChief Executive Officer
Scott MorrisPresident and Chief Operating Officer
Heather PomerantzChief Financial Officer
Stephen L. WeiseExecutive Vice President of Operations
Cathal WalshSenior Vice President, Managing Director Europe
Richard Kassar*Vice Chairman, formerly Chief Financial Officer
*Mr. Kassar stepped down from his role as Chief Financial Officer and began an advisory role as Vice Chairman on September 30, 2020. Heather Pomerantz was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer effective October 1, 2020.
Leadership Changes
Heather Pomerantz, previously Executive Vice President of Finance, became the Chief Financial Officer in October 2020 and Dick Kassar, previously Chief Financial Officer, began an advisory role as Vice Chairman at that time. Additionally, the company announced two significant new hires in 2020: Thembi Machaba joined Freshpet in August 2020 as Senior Vice President of Human Resources, and Ricardo Moreno joined the Company as Vice President of Manufacturing in December 2020.
Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
Our philosophy is to align our executive compensation with the interests of our stockholders by basing our more fundamental compensation decisions on financial objectives that our Board of Directors (or Board) believes have a significant impact on long-term stockholder value. An important goal of our executive compensation program is to help ensure that we hire and retain talented and experienced executives who are motivated to achieve or exceed our short-term and long-term corporate goals. Our executive compensation program is designed to reinforce a strong pay-for-performance orientation and to serve the following purposes:
to reward our NEOs for sustained financial and operating performance and strong leadership;
to align our NEOs’ interests with the interests of our stockholders; and
to encourage our successful NEOs to remain with us for the long term.
Underpinning our compensation philosophy is the belief that Freshpet is a growth company with the potential to have a significant impact on the pet food industry. Achieving that potential should result in value creation for our stockholders. Thus, we believe that management’s incentives, our annual goals, and our longer-term goals set by the Company’s Compensation Committee (or Compensation Committee) and the Board should reflect that growth orientation.
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Compensation Strategy
The Compensation Committee has numerous tools at its disposal to help Freshpet accomplish its short- and long-term performance goals. The Committee generally chooses to utilize those tools as follows in its administration and oversight of our executive compensation program.
The Compensation Committee selects a peer group for compensation comparison purposes that includes a blend of comparably-sized companies in similar industries, including pet-related companies—our most likely sources of talent to support our growth. But the Committee also deliberately adds companies experiencing significant growth to help ensure that our compensation practices are competitive with—and relevant to—the circumstances found in growth-oriented companies so that they contribute to the growth potential of Freshpet. The Company considers peer group data for overall compensation and for specific elements of compensation.
Significant Portion of Compensation as Equity
We award a significant portion of executive compensation as equity as we believe this is an effective way to help management focus on our long-term goals while also aligning stockholder and management interests. A meaningful portion of our executive compensation consists of stock options, which awards have no value to the recipient unless our stock price rises. Additionally, supplemental awards within the broader organization are rarely paid in cash but instead consist of equity awards. Finally, in 2020, we again decided to include all employees Company-wide in our equity compensation program, including hourly employees, in order to better foster an ownership mentality and drive long-term growth. For each grant, the vesting requirement is typically at least three years or tied to a specific, long-term achievement.
Long-Term Goal Setting
We set a four-year growth goal for management in 2016 and have issued significant equity awards to our most senior managers tied to that goal. For our CEO, Mr. Cyr, his 2016 award of stock options replaced subsequent annual awards in order to emphasize the importance of achieving our long-term growth goals. Messrs. Kassar, Morris and Weise also received stock options with the same objectives in 2016 to help ensure alignment amongst our leadership team with the Company’s long-term goals. Additionally, our COO, Mr. Morris, was granted a significant number of trademarksstock options in 2017 (replacing subsequent annual grants) to drive similar behavior. Further, the Board has continually reinforced to management its belief in driving long-term growth via annual goals that are set. The Board has encouraged management to make prudent, near-term investments—even at the expense of near-term earnings—to better drive long-term growth and service marksto enable Freshpet to satisfy our overarching goal of long-term growth.
In 2020, upon the conclusion of the performance period for the 2016 multi-year grants, the Company set new long-term goals and issued significant multi-year grants to the current leadership and the leading candidates to be the next generation of leadership within the Company. In total, eight individuals (including two women and two leaders who identify as minorities) were included in the program. The program included aggressive growth goals, and the Company believes that have been registered, ordelivery of those goals would generate significant long-term value creation for which applicationsthe Company and its investors. For the NEOs, the equity grants are pending,75% performance-based and 25% time-based and replace all annual grants for the next four years for those individuals. Our experience with the United States Patent2016 program and Trademark Office the results it delivered would indicate that this approach will focus and align management on the greatest long-term value creation.
Encouraging Teamwork
We strongly believe that teamwork among our workforce is essential to help us achieve our long-term growth potential. Thus, all bonus-eligible employees—including among others, Freshpet, Freshpet Select, Vital, Nature’s Fresh, Roasted Meals, Fresh From The Kitchen, Freshpet Dog Joy and Dognation Treats.

our NEOs—are compensated using the same bonus formula. Each employee earns the same percentage of his or her target award each year, assuming there are no outstanding, individual performance issues. We believe that our intellectual propertythis creates an “all-for-one and one-for-all” mentality within Freshpet that allows individual employees to make the right choices for the Company without regard to their impact on the achievement of less important functional or personal goals. Additionally, Mr. Cyr, at his own recommendation, has substantial valuechosen to forego salary increases and instead has significantly contributedreallocated those dollars within his leadership team to reinforce his commitment to our success to-date. We are continually developing new technology and enhancing proprietary technology related to our pet food, Freshpet Fridges and manufacturing operations.

We also rely on unpatented proprietary expertise, recipes and formulations, continuing innovation and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position.

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Government Regulation

Along with our brokers, distributors, and ingredients and packaging suppliers, we are subject to extensive laws and regulations in the United States by federal, state and local government authorities. In the United States, the federal agencies governing the manufacture, distribution and advertising of our products include, among others, the Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Under various statutes, these agencies, among other things, prescribe the requirements and establish the standards for quality and safety and regulate our marketing and advertising to consumers. Certain of these agencies, in certain circumstances, must not only approve our products, but also review the manufacturing processes and facilities used to produce these products before they can be marketed in the United States. In addition to agency regulation, we are required to comply with state feed control requirements in the United States. We are also subject to the laws of Canada, including the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the United Kingdom, including the Food Standards Agency, as well as provincial and local regulations.

We are subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that regulate retailers or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise. Our operations, and those of our distributors and suppliers, are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and worker health and safety matters. We monitor changes in these laws and believe that we are in material compliance with applicable laws.

Information Systems

We employ a comprehensive Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system provided by a leading global software provider and are supported by a local consulting partner. This system covers order entry, customer service, accounts payable, accounts receivable, purchasing, asset management and manufacturing. Our order management process is automated via Electronic Data Interchange with virtually all our customers, which feeds orders directly to our ERP platform. We complement the ERP system with a Warehouse Management System, which allows us to improve tracking and management of ingredients and streamline manufacturing.

We backup data every hour and store a copy locally for immediate restoration if needed. All data is transmitted to a secure offsite cloud storage service daily for disaster recovery needs. We believe our systems infrastructure is scalable and can support our future growth.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you purchase our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information contained in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In any such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy on a timely basis or at all.

Our future success depends, in large part, on our ability to implement our growth strategy of expanding distribution by installing new Freshpet Fridges, attracting new consumers to our brand and launching new products. Our ability to increase awareness, consumer trial and adoption of our products,teams and to implement this growth strategy depends, among other things, on our ability to:

partner with customersrecognize the strong performance of his colleagues. In 2021, he specifically allocated his base salary increase to secure space for our Freshpet Fridges;

implement our marketing strategy;

develop new product lines and extensions;

partner with distributors to deliver our products to customers;

continue to compete effectively in multiple classes of retail, including grocery (including online), mass, club, pet specialty and natural; and

expand and maintain brand loyalty.

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy or to grow consistently from period to period. Our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected if we fail to implement our growth strategy or if we invest resources in a growth strategy that ultimately proves unsuccessful.

We expect to need capital in the future for business development, and we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow or raise capital on acceptable terms to meet our needs.

Developing our business will require significant capital in the future. To meet our capital needs, we expect to rely on our cash flow from operations, our credit facilities, and other third-party financing. Third-party financing in the future may not, however, be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional funding will be subject to various factors, including general market conditions, our operating performance, the market’s perception of our growth potential, lender sentiment and our ability to incur additional debt in compliance with other contractual restrictions, such as financial covenants under our debt documents.

Additionally, our ability to make payments on and to refinance any indebtedness and to fund planned expenditures for our growth plans will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. If our business does not achieve the levels of profitability or generate the amount of cash that we anticipate or if we expand faster than anticipated, we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing to operate and expand our business.

We believe that cash and cash equivalents, expected cash flow from operations and planned borrowing capacity are adequate to fund debt service requirements, operating lease obligations, capital expenditures and working capital obligations for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to continue to meet these requirements and obligations will depend on, among other things, our ability to achieve anticipated levels of revenue and cash flow from operations and our ability to manage costs and working capital successfully. Additionally, our cash flow generation ability is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations in an amount sufficient to enable us to fund our liquidity needs. Further, our capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned if, for example, our revenues do not reach expected levels or we have to incur unforeseen capital expenditures and make investments to maintain our competitive position. If this is the case, we may seek alternative financing, such as selling additional debt or equity securities, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so on favorable terms, if at all. Moreover, if we issue new debt securities, the debt holders would have rights senior to common stockholders to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. If we issue additional equity or convertible debt securities, existing stockholders may experience dilution, and such new securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions

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of additional financings unattractive. Our inability to raise capital could impede our growth or otherwise require us to forego growth opportunities and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to retain our senior management or failure to hire and integrate suitable replacements may adversely affect our operations.

Our success is substantially dependent on the continued service of certain members of our senior management. These members of senior management are primarilythree leaders who were most responsible for determining the strategic direction of our business and for executing our growth strategy and are integral to our brand and culture, and the reputation we enjoy with suppliers, contract manufacturers, distributors, customers and consumers. The loss of the services of any of these employees could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects, as we may not be able to find and integrate suitable replacements on a timely basis, if at all. In addition, any such departure could be viewed in a negative light by investors and analysts, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

If our products are alleged to cause injury or illness or fail to comply with governmental regulations, we may suffer adverse public relations, need to recall our products and experience product liability claims.

We may be exposed to product recalls, including voluntary recalls or withdrawals, and adverse public relations if our products are alleged to cause injury or illness or if we are alleged to have mislabeled or misbranded our products or otherwise violated governmental regulations. We may also voluntarily recall or withdraw products that we consider below our standards, whether for taste, appearance or otherwise, in order to protect our brand reputation. Consumer or customer concerns (whether justified or not) regardingprotecting the safety of our team during the COVID pandemic.

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Incenting Sales Growth
We set what we believe to be aggressive net sales growth targets for management each year and our annual incentive plan formula places equal value—both weighting (50%) and economic value ($ at risk)—on the achievement of those net sales growth targets versus profitability goals. This helps to ensure that our management seeks to drive sales growth in concert with profit growth.
Demanding Quality
We believe that no factor is more important to our long-term success than the quality of the products could adversely affect our business. A product recallthat we produce every day. As such, every manufacturing employee is incentivized each quarter for the achievement of a set of goals, many of which are either directly or withdrawal could result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, destruction of product inventory, and lost sales dueindirectly connected to the unavailabilityproduction of outstanding pet foods that meet our high-quality standards. The Board also regularly reviews the Company’s performance against its quality targets.
How Elements of Our Executive Compensation Program are Related to Each Other
The various components of our compensation program are related but distinct and are designed to emphasize “pay for performance,” with a significant portion of total compensation reflecting a risk aspect tied to our long-term and short-term financial and strategic goals. Our compensation philosophy is designed to foster entrepreneurship at all levels of the product fororganization and is focused on employee value and retention by making long-term, equity-based incentive opportunities a period of time, which could reduce profitability and cash flow. In addition, a product recall or withdrawal may require significant management attention. Product recalls, product liability claims (even if unmerited or unsuccessful), or any other events that cause consumers to no longer associate our brands with high quality and safe products may also result in adverse publicity, hurt the valuesubstantial component of our brands, leadexecutive compensation. The appropriate level for each compensation component is based in part, but not exclusively, on internal equity and consistency, experience, and responsibilities, and other relevant considerations such as rewarding extraordinary performance. The Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between long-term and currently paid out compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation, or among different forms of non-cash compensation.
Independent Compensation Consultant
In 2019 and 2020, the Compensation Committee retained Korn Ferry (or KF) to a decline in consumer confidence in and demandadvise it on compensation practices for our products,top nine officers, including each NEO. Specifically, KF was engaged to review our compensation peer group and lead to increased scrutinyour compensation structure for our executive officers, develop and recommend targets for our executive compensation program by federal and state regulatory agenciesanalyzing the compensation structures of our operations, which could have a material adverse effectpeer group companies and market trends, and provide advice to the Compensation Committee on our business, financial conditionexecutive compensation structure and resultsprogram based on KF’s analysis. KF was also engaged to separately review the compensation arrangements applicable to employees at the director level and above, and the non-employee, independent directors of operations.

the Board. The Compensation Committee, in consultation with KF, decided to continue in 2020 the executive compensation structure suggested by KF in 2018, as the Compensation Committee determined that the program remained effective in achieving our objectives of retaining talented and experienced executives who are motivated to achieve or exceed our short-term and long-term corporate goals.

Peer Group
The Compensation Committee, in consultation with KF, considered several factors in selecting an industry-specific compensation peer group for our 2020 compensation program. Considerations generally included the following:
revenue between 0.4 and 2.5 times Freshpet’s revenue;
companies in the food, beverage, and pet products industries;
companies with similar location and geographical reach;
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companies with similar span, scope, and vertical integration;
companies experiencing similar rates of growth;
companies with similar operating complexity; and
other publicly traded companies.
Based on the foregoing considerations, the Compensation Committee determined that our compensation peer group for 2020 would consist of the following entities:
Beyond Meat, Inc.
Bridgford Foods Corporation
Craft Brew Alliance, Inc.
Farmer Bros. Co.
Hostess Brands, Inc.
John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc.
Landec Corporation
Medifast, Inc.
Natural Alternatives International, Inc.
Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc.
PetIQ Inc.
PetMed Express, Inc.
The Simply Good Foods Company
Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc.
We also may be subject to product liability claims and adverse public relations if consumption or usetarget the total compensation amount for each of our products is allegedNEOs (based on position) to cause injury or illness. Whilebe competitive with similarly situated executives within our compensation peer group (bearing in mind that we carry product liability insurance, our insurance may not be adequate to cover all liabilities we may incur in connection with product liability claims. For example, punitive damages are generally not covered by insurance. In addition, we may not be able to continue to maintain our existing insurance, obtain comparable insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all, or secure additional coverage (which may result in future product liability claims being uninsured). A product liability judgment against us or our agreement to settle a product liability claim could also result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, which would reduce profitability and cash flow. In addition, even if product liability claims against us are not successful or are not fully pursued, these claims could be costly and time-consuming and may require management to spend time defending the claims rather than operating our business.

The loss of a significant customer, certain actions by a significant customer or financial difficulties of a significant customer could adversely affect our results of operations.

A relatively limited number of customers account for a large percentage of our net sales. During 2017, ten customers, who purchase either directly from us or through third-party distributors, collectively accounted for more than 67% of our net sales. In 2017, our largest distributor by net sales, McLane Company, Inc., accounted for 18% of our net sales. These percentages may increase if there is consolidation among retailers or if mass merchandisers grow disproportionately to their competition. We expect thatpay a significant portion of our revenues will continue to be derived from a small number of customers; however, these customers may not continue to purchase our productscompensation in the same quantities as they have in the past. Our customers are not contractually obligated to purchase from us. Changes in our customers’ strategies, including a reduction in the numberform of brands they carry, shipping strategies, a shift of shelf space to or increased emphasis on private label products (including “store brands”), a reduction in shelf space for pet food items or a reduction in the space allocated for our Freshpet Fridges may adversely affect our sales. Requirements that may be imposed on us by our customers, such as sustainability, inventory management or product specification requirements, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, especially during economic downturns, our customers may face financial difficulties, bankruptcy or other business disruptions that may impact their operations and their purchases from us and may affect their ability to pay us for products purchased from us. Customers may grow their inventory in anticipation of a price increase, or in anticipation of, or during, our promotional events, which typically provide for reduced prices during a specified time or other customer or consumer incentives. To the extent customers seek to reduce their

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usual or customary inventory levels or change their practices regarding purchases in excess of consumer consumption, our sales and results of operations could be adversely impacted in that period. If our sales of products to one or more of our significant customers are reduced, this reduction could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results depend, in part, on the sufficiency and effectiveness of our marketing and trade spending programs.

In general, due to the highly competitive nature of the businesses in which we compete, we must execute effective and efficient marketing investments and trade spending programs with respect to our businesses overall to sustain our competitive position in our markets. Marketing investments may be costly. Additionally, we may, from time to time, change our marketing and trade spending strategies, including the timing, amount or nature of television advertising and related promotional programs. The sufficiency and effectiveness of our marketing and trade spending practices is important to our ability to retain or improve our market share or margins. If our marketing and trade spending programs are not successful or if we fail to implement sufficient and effective marketing and trade spending programs, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

The growth of our business depends on our ability to introduce new products and improve existing products in anticipation of changes in consumer preferences and demographics.

Our business is focused on the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of pet food products. If consumer demand for our products decreased, our business would suffer. Sales of pet food products are subject to evolving consumer preferences and changing demographics. A significant shift in consumer demand away from our products or a decline in pet ownership could reduce our sales or the prestige of our brand, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A key element of our growth strategy depends on our ability to develop and market new products and improvements to our existing products that meet our standards for quality and appeal to consumer preferences. The success of our innovation and product development efforts is affected by our ability to anticipate changes in consumer preferences and demographics, the technical capability of our product development staff in developing and testing product prototypes, including complying with governmental regulations, and the success of our management and sales team in introducing and marketing new products. Failure to develop and market new products that appeal to consumers could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, the development and introduction of new products requires substantial research, development and marketing expenditures, which we may be unable to recoup if the new products do not gain widespread market acceptance. Efforts to accelerate our innovation may exacerbate risks associated with innovation. If we are unsuccessful in meeting our objectives with respect to new or improved products, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

Limited manufacturing capacity could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

All of the products we manufacture in-house are processed through our Freshpet Kitchens in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which we believe is North America’s first fresh, refrigerated pet food manufacturing facility. Accordingly, we have limited available manufacturing capacity to meet our quality standards. Due to our continued growth, we have completed a capital expansion project at our Freshpet Kitchens manufacturing facility to expand our plant capacity and increase distribution. New equipment related to the capital expansion project went into service in 2016. The expansion increased our production capacity by 130% at our Freshpet Kitchens.

An unforeseen event, such as a natural disaster or work stoppage, at our Freshpet Kitchens could significantly limit our manufacturing capacity.

Accurate forecasting of sales demand is critical to ensuring available capacity. Our forecasts are based on multiple assumptions, which may cause our estimates to be inaccurate, affecting our ability to obtain adequate manufacturing capacity.

If our growth exceeds our expectations, we may not be able to increase our own manufacturing capacity to, or obtain contract manufacturing capacity at, a level that meets demand for our products, which could prevent us from meeting increased customer demand and harm our business. However, if we overestimate our demand and overbuild our capacity, we may have significantly underutilized assets, and we may experience reduced margins. If we do not

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accurately align our manufacturing capabilities with demand, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government regulation, scrutiny, warnings and public perception could increase our costs of production and increase legal and regulatory expenses.

Manufacturing, processing, labeling, packaging, storing and distributing pet products are activities subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation, as well as foreign regulation. In the United States, these aspects of our operations are regulated by the FDA, and various state and local public health and agricultural agencies. The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 provides direct recall authority to the FDA and includes a number of other provisions designed to enhance food safety, including increased inspections by the FDA of domestic and foreign food facilities and increased review of food products imported into the United States. In addition, many states have adopted the Association of American Feed Control Officials’ model pet food regulations or variations thereof, which generally regulate the information manufacturers provide about pet food. Complying with government regulation can be costly or may otherwise adversely affect our business. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is also affected by import and export controls and similar laws and regulations, both in the United States and elsewhere. Issues such as national security or health and safety, which slow or otherwise restrict imports or exports, could adversely affect our business. In addition, the modification of existing laws or regulations or the introduction of new laws or regulations could require us to make material expenditures or otherwise adversely affect the way that we have historically operated our business.

Our business may be subject to false marketing claims.

From time to time we may be subject to claims from competitors or consumers, including consumer class actions, alleging that our product claims are deceptive. Regardless of their merit, these claims can require significant time and expense to investigate and defend. Whether or not a false marketing claim is successful, such assertions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the negative publicity surrounding them could harm our reputation and brand image.

Adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, pestilences and other natural conditions can disrupt our operations, which can adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The ingredients that we use in the production of our products (including, among others, meat, vegetables, fruits, carrageenans, whole grains, vitamins and minerals) are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, frosts, fires, earthquakes, tornadoes and pestilences. Adverse weather conditions may be impacted by climate change and other factors. Adverse weather conditions and natural disasters can reduce crop size and crop quality, which in turn could reduce our supply of ingredients, lower recoveries of usable ingredients, increase the prices of our ingredients, increase our transportation costs or increase our cost of storing ingredients if harvests are accelerated and processing capacity is unavailable. Additionally, the growth of crops, as well as the manufacture and processing of our products, requires significant amounts of water. Drought or other causes of a reduction of water in aquifers may affect availability of water, which in turn may adversely affect our results of operations. Competing manufacturers may be affected differently by weather conditions and natural disasters depending on the location of their supplies or operations. If our supply of ingredients is reduced, we may not be able to find enough supplemental supply sources on favorable terms, if at all, which could impact our ability to supply product to our customers and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Increased costs for ingredients or other inputs could also adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations as described in “—The inputs, commodities and ingredients that we require are subject to price increases and shortages that could adversely affect our results of operations.”

Additionally, adverse weather conditions, natural disasters or other natural conditions affecting our operating activities or major facilities could cause an interruption or delay in our production or delivery schedules and loss of inventory and/or data or render us unable to accept and fulfill customer orders in a timely manner, or at all. If our operations are damaged by a fire, flood or other disaster, for example, we may be subject to supply or delivery interruptions, destruction of our facilities and products or other business disruptions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to develop and maintain our brand, our business could suffer.

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long-term, performance-based equity awards). We believe that developing and maintaining our brand is criticalthese targets will help us to our success. The importanceachieve an important goal of our brand recognition may become even greater as competitors offer more products similar to ours. Our financial successexecutive compensation program, which is directly dependent on consumer perception of our brand. Our brand-building activities involve providing high-quality products, increasing awareness of our brand, creating and maintaining brand loyalty and increasing the availability of our products.

The success of our brand may suffer if our marketing plans or product initiatives do not have the desired impact on our brand’s image or its ability to attract customers. Further, our brand value could diminish significantly due to a number of factors, including consumer perception that we have acted in an irresponsible manner, adverse publicity about our products (whether or not valid), our failure to maintain the quality of our products, product contamination, the failure of our products to deliver consistently positive consumer experiences, or the products becoming unavailable to consumers. The growing use of social and digital media by consumers increases the speed and extent that information and opinions can be shared. Negative posts or comments about us or our brands or products on social or digital media could damage our brands and reputation. If we fail to maintain the favorable perception of our brands, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

The pet food product category in which we participate is highly competitive. If we are unable to compete effectively, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The pet food product category in which we participate is highly competitive. There are numerous brands and products that compete for shelf space and sales, with competition based primarily upon brand recognition and loyalty, product packaging, quality and innovation, taste, nutrition, breadth of product line, price and convenience. We compete with a significant number of companies of varying sizes, including divisions or subsidiaries of larger companies. We face strong competition from competitors’ products that are sometimes sold at lower prices. Price gaps between our products and our competitors’ products may result in market share erosion and harm our business. A number of our competitors have broader product lines, substantially greater financial and other resources and/or lower fixed costs than we have. Our competitors may succeed in developing new or enhanced products, including fresh, refrigerated pet food, that are more attractive to customers or consumers than our products. These competitors may also prove to be more successful in marketing and selling their products or may be better able to increase prices to reflect cost pressures. We may not compete successfully with these other companies or maintain or grow the distribution of our products. We cannot predict the pricing or promotional activities of our competitors or whether they will have a negative effect on us. Many of our competitors engage in aggressive pricing and promotional activities. There are competitive pressures and other factors which could cause our products to lose market share or decline in sales or result in significant price or margin erosion, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the operating capacity or reputation of our Freshpet Fridges is harmed, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

Our success depends on our network of company-owned branded refrigerators, known as Freshpet Fridges. If the operating capacity of our Freshpet Fridges is harmed by external factors, such as adverse weather or energy supply, or internal factors, such as faulty manufacturing or insufficient maintenance, our products contained in those fridges may be damaged and need to be discarded. In addition, if our Freshpet Fridges fail to operate as intended, for any reason, the reputation of our Freshpet Fridges with customers and the reputation of our brand with consumers may decline. In such event, customers may choose to discontinue, or not to expand, their use of Freshpet Fridges and our products and consumers may choose to forgo purchasing our products. Additionally, growing concern about the environmental impact of refrigerators could likewise harm the reputation of our Freshpet Fridges with customers and our brand with consumers. Any such harm to the operating capacity or reputation of our Freshpet Fridges could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not successful in protecting our intellectual property rights, our business, financial conditions and results of operations may be harmed.

We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secret, patent and other intellectual property laws, as well as nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements and other methods, to protect our intellectual property rights as well as the intellectual property of third parties with respect to which we are subject to non-use and non-disclosure obligations. We may need to engage in litigation or similar activities to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could require us to expend significant resources and divert the efforts and attention of our management and other personnel from our business operations. The steps we take to prevent misappropriation, infringement or other violation of our intellectual property or the intellectual property of others may not be successful. In addition, effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited for some of our trademarks and patents in some foreign countries. Failure to protect our intellectual property could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our brand names and trademarks are important to our business, and we have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks. We cannot assure you that our trademark applications will be approved. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in the loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

We rely on unpatented proprietary know-how in the areas of recipes, ingredients sourcing, cooking techniques, packaging, transportation and delivery. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar know-how or otherwise obtain access to our proprietary know-how. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary know-how, we require employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. We cannot assure you that these agreements will provide meaningful protection in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our recipes, methods and other know-how, we could be materially adversely affected.

We may not be able to successfully implement initiatives to improve productivity and streamline operations to control or reduce costs. Failure to implement such initiatives could adversely affect our results of operations.

Because our ability to effectively implement price increases for our products can be affected by factors outside of our control, our profitability and growth depend significantly on our efforts to control our operating costs. Because many of our costs, such as energy and logistics costs, packaging costs and ingredient, commodity and raw product costs, are affected by factors outside or substantially outside our control, we generally must seek to control or reduce costs through operating efficiency or other initiatives. If we are not able to identify and complete initiatives designed to control or reduce costs and increase operating efficiency on time or within budget, our results of operations could be adversely impacted. In addition, if the cost savings initiatives we have implemented to date, or any future cost-savings initiatives, do not generate expected cost savings, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The inputs, commodities and ingredients that we require are subject to price increases and shortages that could adversely affect our results of operations.

The primary inputs, commodities and ingredients that we use include meat, vegetables, fruits, carrageenans, whole grains, vitamins, minerals, packaging and energy (including wind power). Prices for these and other items we use may be volatile, and we may experience shortages in these items due to factors beyond our control, such as commodity market fluctuations, availability of supply, increased demand (whether for the item we require or for other items, which in turn impacts the item we require), weather conditions, natural disasters, currency fluctuations, governmental regulations (including import restrictions), agricultural programs or issues, energy programs, labor strikes and the financial health of our suppliers. Input, commodity and ingredient price increases or shortages may result in higher costs or interrupt our production schedules, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Production delays could lead to reduced sales volumes and profitability, as well as loss of market share. Higher costs could adversely impact our earnings. For example, fuel prices affect our transportation costs for both ingredients and finished product. If we are not able to implement our productivity initiatives or increase our product prices to offset price increases of our inputs, commodities and ingredients, as a result of consumer sensitivity to pricing or otherwise, or if sales volumes decline due to price increases, our results of operations could be adversely affected. Our competitors may be better able than we are to implement productivity initiatives or effect price increases or to otherwise pass along cost increases to their customers. Moreover, if we increase our prices in response to increased costs, we may need to increase marketing spending, including trade promotion spending, in order to retain our market share. Such increased marketing spending may significantly offset the benefits, if any, of any price increase and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the ingredients we use in our products are contaminated, alleged to be contaminated or are otherwise rumored to have adverse effects, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

We buy our ingredients from third-party suppliers. If these materials are alleged or prove to include contaminants that affect the safety or quality of our products or are otherwise rumored to have adverse effects, for any reason, we may need to find alternate ingredients for our products, delay production of our products, or discard or otherwise dispose of our products, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, if this occurs after the affected product has been distributed, we may need to withdraw or recall the affected product and we may experience adverse publicity or product liability claims. In either case, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Restrictions imposed in reaction to outbreaks of animal diseases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The cost of the protein-based ingredients we use in our products has been adversely impacted in the past by the publicity surrounding animal diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease.” As a result of extensive global publicity and trade restrictions imposed to provide safeguards against mad cow disease, the cost of alternative sources of the protein-based ingredients we use in our products has from time to time increased significantly and may increase again in the future if additional cases of mad cow disease are found.

If mad cow disease or other animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease or highly pathogenic avian influenza, also known as “bird flu,” impacts the availability of the protein-based ingredients we use in our products, we may be required to locate alternative sources for protein-based ingredients. Those sources may not be available to sustain our sales volumes, may be more costly and may affect the quality and nutritional value of our products. If outbreaks of mad cow disease, foot-and-mouth disease, bird flu or any other animal disease or the regulation or publicity resulting therefrom impacts the cost of the protein-based ingredients we use in our products, or the cost of the alternative protein-based ingredients necessary for our products as compared to our current costs, we may be required to increase the selling price of our products to avoid margin deterioration. However, we may not be able to charge higher prices for our products without negatively impacting future sales volumes.

We rely on co-packers to provide our supply of treat products. Any failure by co-packers to fulfill their obligations or any termination or renegotiation of our co-packing agreements could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have supply agreements with co-packers that require them to provide us with specific finished products. We rely on co-packers as our sole-source for treat products. We also anticipate that we will rely on sole suppliers for future products. The failure for any reason of a co-packer to fulfill its obligations under the applicable agreements with us or the termination or renegotiation of any such co-packing agreement could result in disruptions to our supply of finished goods and have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, from time to time, a co-packer may experience financial difficulties, bankruptcy or other business disruptions, which could disrupt our supply of finished goods or require that we incur additional expense by providing financial accommodations to the co-packer or taking other steps to seek to minimize or avoid supply disruption, such as establishing a new co-packing arrangement with another provider. During an economic downturn, our co-packers may be more susceptible to experiencing such financial difficulties, bankruptcies or other business disruptions. A new co-packing arrangement may not be available on terms as favorable to us as the existing co-packing arrangement, if at all.

If we do not manage our supply chain effectively, including inventory levels, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected.

The inability of any supplier, co-packer, third-party distributor or transportation provider to deliver or perform for us in a timely or cost-effective manner could cause our operating costs to increase and our profit margins to decrease. We must continuously monitor our inventory and product mix against forecasted demand or risk having inadequate supplies to meet consumer demand, as well as having too much inventory on hand that may reach its expiration date and become unsaleable. Changes in the availability and cost of freight may affect our supply chain and ultimately the pricing and availability of our products. If we are unable to manage our supply chain effectively and ensure that our products are available to meet consumer demand, our operating costs could increase and our profit margins could decrease.

Failure by our transportation providers to deliver our products on time or at all could result in lost sales.

We use third-party transportation providers for our product shipments. We rely on one such provider for almost all of our shipments. Transportation services include scheduling and coordinating transportation of finished products to our customers, shipment tracking and freight dispatch services. Our use of transportation services for shipments is subject to risks, including increases in fuel prices, which would increase our shipping costs, and employee strikes and inclement weather, which may impact the ability of providers to provide delivery services that adequately meet our shipping needs, including keeping our products adequately refrigerated during shipment. Any such change could cause us to incur costs and expend resources. Moreover, in the future we may not be able to obtain terms as favorable as those we receive from the third-party transportation providers that we currently use, which in turn would increase our costs and thereby adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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If we are unable to maintain or increase prices for our products, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely in part on price increases to neutralize cost increases and improve the profitability of our business. Our ability to effectively implement price increases or otherwise raise prices for our products can be affected by a number of factors, including competition, our competitors’ pricing and marketing, aggregate industry supply, category limitations, market demand and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures. During challenging economic times, our ability to increase the prices of our products may be particularly constrained. Additionally, customers may pressure us to rescind price increases that we have announced or already implemented (either through a change in list price or increased promotional activity). If we are unable to maintain or increase prices for our products (or must increase promotional activity), our results of operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore, price increases generally result in volume losses, as consumers purchase fewer units. If such losses (also referred to as the elasticity impact) are greater than expected or if we lose distribution due to a price increase (which may result from a customer response or otherwise), our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may face difficulties as we expand into countries in which we have no prior operating experience.

We may choose to expand our global footprint by entering into new markets. For example, we recently expanded our business to two retailers in the United Kingdom, where our products are selling in 370 stores.  As we expand our business into new countries we may encounter regulatory, personnel, technological and other difficulties that increase our expenses or delay our ability to become profitable in such countries. This may have an adverse effect on our business.

If we are unable to attract, train and retain employees, we may not be able to grow or successfully operate our business.

Our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, train and retain a sufficient number of employees who understand and appreciate our culture and are able to represent our brand effectively and establish credibility with our business partners and consumers. If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of meetingtalented and experienced executives who are motivated to achieve or exceed our business needsshort-term and expectations, our business and brand image may be impaired. Any failure to meet our staffing needs or any material increase in turnover rates of our employees may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unionization activities or labor disputes may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability.

Although none of our employees are currently covered under collective bargaining agreements, our employees may elect to be represented by labor unions in the future. If a significant number of our employees were to become unionized and collective bargaining agreement terms were significantly different from our currentlong-term goals. We also believe that this compensation arrangements, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, a labor dispute involving some or all of our employees may harm our reputation, disrupt our operations and reduce our revenues, and resolution of disputes may increase our costs.

As an employer, we may be subject to various employment-related claims, such as individual or class actions or government enforcement actions relating to alleged employment discrimination, employee classification and related withholding, wage-hour, labor standards or healthcare and benefit issues. Such actions, if brought against us and successful in whole or in part, may affect our ability to compete or could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Disruptions in the worldwide economy may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Adverse and uncertain economic conditions may impact distributor, customer and consumer demand for our products. In addition, our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our suppliers, contract manufacturers, distributors, customers, consumers and creditors may suffer. Consumers have access to lower-priced offerings and, during economic downturns, may shift purchases to these lower-priced or other perceived value offerings. Customers may become more conservative in response to these conditions and seek to reduce their inventories. For example, during the economic downturn from 2007 through 2009, customers significantly reduced their inventories. Our results of operations depend upon, among other things, our ability to maintain and increase sales volume with our existing customers, to attract new consumers and to provide products that appeal to consumers at prices they are willing and able to pay. Prolonged unfavorable economic conditions may have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

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We are subject to environmental regulation and environmental risks, which may adversely affect our business. Climate change or concerns regarding climate change may increase environmental regulation and environmental risks.

As a result of our agricultural and food processing operations, we are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations. Many of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly stringent and compliance with them is becoming increasingly expensive. Changes in environmental conditions may result in existing legislation having a greater impact on us. Additionally, we may be subject to new legislation and regulation in the future. For example, increasing concern about climate change may result in additional federal and state legal and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of green-house gas emissions. Compliance with environmental legislation and regulations, particularly if they are more aggressive than our current sustainability measures used to monitor our emissions and improve our energy efficiency, may increase our costs and adversely affect our results of operations. We cannot predict the extent to which any environmental law or regulation that may be enacted or enforced in the future may affect our operations. The effect of these actions and future actions on the availability and use of pesticides could adversely impact our financial position or results of operations. If the cost of compliance with applicable environmental laws or regulations increases, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

Intellectual property infringement or violation claims may adversely impact our results of operations.

We may be subject to claims by others that we infringe on their intellectual property or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights. To the extent we develop, introduce and acquire products, the risk of such claims may be exacerbated. Any such claims, even those without merit, could (i) requirestructure will help us to expend significant resources, (ii) cause us to cease making or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property, (iii) require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrandachieve our products or packaging, includingobjectives of aligning our Freshpet Fridges located in over 18,000 retail stores, (iv) divert management’s attention and resources or (v) require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third-party’s intellectual property, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Any of such events may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business operations could be disrupted if our information technology systems fail to perform adequately.

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems, some of which are managed by third-party service providers. We rely on our information technology systems to effectively manage our business data, communications, supply chain, order entry and fulfillment, and other business processes. The failure of our information technology systems to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, and the loss of sales and customers, causing our business and results of operations to suffer. In addition, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, including fire, natural disasters, power outages, systems failures, security breaches, cyber-attacks and viruses. Any such damage or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to cyber security risks and may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize those risks.

Our business employs systems and websites that allow for the secure storage and transmission of proprietary or confidential information regarding our customers, employees, suppliers and others, including personal identification information. Security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation, and potential liability. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly-evolving types of cyber-attacks. Attacks may be targeted at us, our customers and suppliers, or others who have entrusted us with information. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in the technology used by us to protect transaction or other data being breached or compromised. In addition, data and security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including breach by us or by persons with whom we have commercial relationships that result in the unauthorized release of personal or confidential information. Any compromise or breach of our security could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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If we are unable to substantially utilize our net operating loss carryforward, our financial results will be adversely affected.

As of December 31, 2017, we had federal net operating loss (“NOLs”) carryforwards of approximately $175.0 and state NOLs of approximately $143.4 million. In general, a corporation that undergoes an ‘‘ownership change’’ is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its prechange NOLs to offset future taxable income. In general, under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), an ownership change occurs if the aggregate stock ownership of certain stockholders (generally 5% stockholders, applying certain look-through and aggregation rules) increases by more than 50 percentage points over such stockholders’ lowest percentage ownership during the testing period (generally three years). Purchases of our common stock in amounts greater than specified levels, which will be beyond our control, could create a limitation on our ability to utilize our NOLs for tax purposes in the future. Limitations imposed on our ability to utilize NOLs could cause U.S. federal and state income taxes to be paid earlier than would be paid if such limitations were not in effect and could cause such NOLs to expire unused, in each case reducing or eliminating the benefit of such NOLs. Furthermore, we may not be able to generate sufficient taxable income to utilize our NOLs before they expire. If any of these events occur, we may not derive some or all of the expected benefits from our NOLs. In addition, NOLs incurred in one state may not be available to offset income earned in a different state. Furthermore, there may be periods during which the use of NOLs is suspended or otherwise limited for state tax purposes, which could accelerate or permanently increase state taxes owed.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

As a publicly traded company, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Section 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting. Pursuant to the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years following our initial public offering in November 2014.

If we identify weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by NASDAQ, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to seasonality and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:

the timing of installation of new Freshpet Fridges and related expenses;

profitability of our Freshpet Fridges, especially in new markets;

changes in interest rates;

impairment of long-lived assets;

macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally;

negative publicity relating to the consumption of products we serve;

changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions;

expansion to new markets;

increases in infrastructure costs; and

fluctuations in commodity prices.

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As a result of these factors, our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly. Accordingly, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year for any particular future period may decrease. In the future, operating results may fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In that event, the price of our common stock would likely decrease.

The price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Since our initial public offering and through March 1, 2018, our share price has ranged from a high of $25.92 per share to a low of $5.60 per share. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the purchase price. Those fluctuations could be based on various factors in addition to those otherwise described in this report, including those described under “—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry” and the following:

our operating performance and the performance of our competitors or pet food companies in general;

the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;

changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who follow us or other companies in our industry;

global, national or local economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance;

the number of our shares publicly traded;

future sales of our common stock by our officers, directors and significant stockholders;

the arrival or departure of key personnel; and

other developments affecting us, our industry or our competitors.

In addition, in recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations may be unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may cause declines in the market price of our common stock. The price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our business, financial condition and results of operations, and those fluctuations could materially reduce our common stock price.

As we operate in a single industry, we are especially vulnerable to these factors to the extent that they affect our industry or our products. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price and we are currently defending against the claims made in Curran v. Freshpet, Inc. et al. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation.

Future sales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress our common stock price.

As of December 31, 2017, we had 35,132,548 shares of common stock outstanding, and our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 200 million shares of common stock.

In the future, we may issue additional shares of common stock or other securities if we need to raise additional capital. The number of new shares of our common stock issued in connection with raising additional capital could constitute a material portion of the then outstanding shares of our common stock. Any future sales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could negatively impact the price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our common stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which could cause our stock prices and trading volume to decline.

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Our principal stockholder and its affiliates own a substantial portion of our outstanding equity, and theirNEOs’ interests may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders.

As of December 31, 2017, MidOcean Partners and certain of its affiliates (“MidOcean”) owned approximately 20.8% of our common stock. As a result, MidOcean could potentially have significant influence over all matters presented to our stockholders for approval, including election and removal of our directors, change in control transactions and the outcome of all actions requiring a majority stockholder approval.

In addition, a member who currently serves on our Board of Directors is associated with MidOcean. The interests of MidOcean may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock, and the concentration of control in MidOcean will limit other stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters. The concentration of ownership and voting power of MidOcean may also delay, defer or even prevent an acquisition by a third-party or other change of control of our Company and may make some transactions more difficult or impossible without their support, even if such events are in the best interests of our other stockholders. Therefore, the concentration of voting power that MidOcean has may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock. We may also take actions that our other stockholders do not view as beneficial, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and cause the value of your investment to decline.

We have no current plans to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare and pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Our ability to pay dividends may also be limited by covenants of any future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third-party, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders and could make it more difficultencouraging our successful NEOs to remain with us for youthe long term.

Consideration of Say-on-Pay Vote
We will hold an advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation (a “Say-on-Pay vote”) every year, with the most recent vote occurring in 2020, which is based on the preference expressed by our stockholders at our 2019 Annual Meeting and is planned to changebe held yearly until the next “say-on-pay” frequency vote, which will be held at our management.

Our Certificate2025 Annual Meeting. In the 2020 Say-on-Pay vote, over 99% of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law contain several provisions that may make it more difficultvotes cast approved, on an advisory basis, the compensation for a third-party to acquire control of us without the approvalour NEOs. The Compensation Committee viewed this vote as supportive of our Board of Directors. For example, we have a classified Board of Directorscompensation program for our NEOs and did not take any specific actions with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholdersrespect to change membership of a majority of2020 compensation decisions for our Board of Directors. These provisions may make it more difficult or expensive for a third-party to acquire a majority of our outstanding equity interests. These provisions also may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that might otherwise result in our stockholders receiving a premium over the market price for their common stock.

We are an emerging growth company and,NEOs as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable2020 Say-on-Pay vote. The Compensation Committee intends to emerging growth companies,continue to consider the results of future Say-on-Pay votes when making compensation decisions.

Elements of Executive Compensation for 2020
We used three primary elements of compensation in our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies, but not to emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure about executive compensation arrangements pursuantprogram in 2020: base salary, annual incentive awards, and long-term equity compensation. Annual incentive awards and long-term equity compensation represent the performance-based elements of our compensation program. The performance goals tied to these compensation elements are flexible in application and can be tailored to meet our specific objectives. The amount of a specific individual’s annual incentive award for a performance period is intended to reflect that individual’s relative contribution to the rules applicable to smaller reporting companies and no requirement to seek non-binding advisory votes on executive compensationCompany in achieving or golden parachute arrangements. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering in November 2014, (ii) the first fiscal year afterexceeding our annual gross revenues are $1.0 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive as a result of our taking advantage of these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of our choices, there may be a less active trading market for our common stockgoals, and our stock price may be more volatile.

21


Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money availablean individual’s long-term incentive compensation is intended to us.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case,reflect the individual’s expected contribution to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In addition, we have enteredCompany over longer performance periods.

Base Salary
We pay our NEOs a base salary based on the experience, skills, knowledge, and expectresponsibilities required of each executive officer. We believe base salaries are an important element in our overall compensation program because base salaries provide a fixed element of compensation that reflects job responsibilities and value to continueus. None of our NEOs is currently party to enter into agreements to indemnifyany agreement or arrangement that provides for automatic or scheduled increases in base salary. Base salaries for our directors, executive officers and other employees asNEOs are determined by the Compensation Committee.
21

The following table sets forth each NEO’s annual base salary rate for 2020:
Name
Annual Base Salary Rate
William B. Cyr$600,000*
Scott Morris$475,000
Heather Pomerantz$400,000
Stephen L. Weise$285,000
Cathal Walsh$285,000**
Richard Kassar$320,000***
*
Mr. Cyr, at his own recommendation, has chosen to forego salary increases and instead has reallocated those dollars within his leadership team to reinforce his commitment to our teams and to recognize the strong performance of his colleagues. For 2021, he has specifically re-allocated his base salary increase to three leaders most responsible for keeping our team safe during COVID-19.
**
Does not include $62,727 in expat adjustment.
***
Mr. Kassars base salary was revised from $320,000 effective September 30, 2020 to $160,000, in relation to his new advisory role as Vice Chairman.
Annual Incentive Awards
The Board initially adopted our Boardcurrent annual incentive plan—in which our NEOs participate—in 2016. Awards under the plan, which are calculated as a percentage of Directors. Underbase salary, are designed to motivate our employees to achieve our annual goals based on our strategic, financial, and operating performance objectives. For 2020, Messrs. Cyr, Morris, Kassar, Weise and Walsh and Ms. Pomerantz had the termsopportunity to earn annual target awards equal to 90%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 35% and 50%, respectively, of such indemnification agreements, wetheir base salaries.
Our 2020 annual incentive program was based on the Company’s operating performance, which was calculated 50% based on adjusted EBITDA and 50% based on net sales. For each performance metric, the Company then establishes performance targets and minimum performance thresholds. Performance above and below each performance metric target results in increases or decreases in the bonuses earned based on pre-determined factors that are required to indemnify each of our directors and officers,based on the economic value added or lost by shareholders due to the fullest extent permittedover/under performance. To encourage teamwork, the Compensation Committee determines a single Company performance result as an aggregate percentage of the target Company performance metrics. The resulting percentage is then multiplied against each eligible employee’s target bonus amount to determine their annual incentive compensation.
 
Weighting
Target
($ millions)
Minimum
Threshold
Result
($ millions)
Net Sales50%$315.0$300.0$320.4
Adj. EBITDA before bonus accrual50%$54.2$48.7$51.6
As noted above, our 2020 targets were as follows: $54.2 million of adjusted EBITDA and $315 million of net sales. On a pre-bonus basis, and after adjusting to recognize an accounting change (as determined by the laws of the state of Delaware, if the basis of the indemnitee’s involvement was by reason of the fact that the indemnitee is or was a director or officer ofBoard), the Company or anydelivered as follows: $51.598 million of its subsidiaries or was serving at the Company’s request in an official capacity for another entity. We must indemnify our officersadjusted EBITDA and directors against all reasonable fees, expenses, charges and other costs$320.4 million of any type or nature whatsoever, including any and all expenses and obligations paid or incurred in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness or participate in any completed, actual, pending or threatened action, suit, claim or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, or establishing or enforcing a right to indemnification under the indemnification agreement. The indemnification agreements also require us, if so requested, to advance within 30 days of such request all reasonable fees, expenses, charges and other costs that such director or officer incurred, provided that such person will return any such advance if it is ultimately determined that such personnet sales. Adjusted EBITDA is not entitled to indemnification by us. Any claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

Future offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities that may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt securities or additional offerings of equity securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both, and may result in future Section 382 limitations that could reduce the rate at which we utilize our NOL carryforwards. Preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control. As a result, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings, and purchasers of our common stock in this offering bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their ownership interest in our company.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters, located in Secaucus, New Jersey and consisting of approximately 20,000 square feet of office space, is subject to a lease agreement that expires on June 30, 2024.

We own the Freshpet Kitchens, our approximately 100,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and our approximately 50,000 square foot Innovation Center. We believe that our properties have been adequately maintained, are in good condition generally and are suitable and adequate for its business as presently conducted.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

A securities lawsuit, Curran v. Freshpet, Inc. et al, Docket No. 2:16-cv-02263, was instituted April 21, 2016 in the United States District Court District of New Jersey against us and certain of our executive officers and directors on behalf of certain purchasers of our common stock. We were served with a copy of the complaint in June 2016. The plaintiffs seek to recover damages for investors under the federal securities laws. The Company believes that the plaintiffs’ allegations are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against the claims. While the initial motion to dismiss was denied, the Company is still in the early stages of this litigation. Therefore, the Company is unable to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss, if any, that may result from this matter.

In addition, we are currently involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including claims resulting from employment related matters. None of these claims or proceedings, most of which are

22


covered by insurance, are expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, a significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in amounts owing under successful claims could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

23


PART II

ITEM 5. Market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issueR purchases of equity secuRIties

Market Information

The price range per share of common stock presented below represents the highest and lowest closing prices of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market for the periods indicated. Our common stock trades under the symbol “FRPT.”

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015

 

High

 

 

Low

 

First Quarter

 

$

20.05

 

 

$

13.47

 

Second Quarter

 

$

25.46

 

 

$

17.72

 

Third Quarter

 

$

19.88

 

 

$

9.99

 

Fourth Quarter

 

$

10.85

 

 

$

6.10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016

 

High

 

 

Low

First Quarter

 

$

8.36

 

 

$

5.86

Second Quarter

 

$

10.13

 

 

$

7.03

Third Quarter

 

$

10.96

 

 

$

8.26

Fourth Quarter

 

$

10.15

 

 

$

8.05

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

High

 

 

Low

First Quarter

 

$

11.85

 

 

$

9.50

Second Quarter

 

$

16.70

 

 

$

10.90

Third Quarter

 

$

17.65

 

 

$

14.50

Fourth Quarter

 

$

20.10

 

 

$

14.90

The number of stockholders of record of our common stock as of March 1, 2018 was 90. This number excludes stockholders whose stock is held in nominee or street name by brokers.

Dividend Policy

Since we became a publicly traded company on November 7, 2014, we have not declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our capital stock. Any future determination to declare and pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directorsmeasure prepared in accordance with applicable laws and will depend on, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Our ability to pay dividends may also be limited by covenants of any future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Stock Performance Graph

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (or GAAP). This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Freshpet, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act.

24


The following graph compares our total common stock return with the total return for (i) the NASDAQ Composite Index (the “NASDAQ Composite”) and (ii) the Russell 3000 Index (the “Russell 3000”) for the period from November 7, 2014 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ Global Market) through December 31, 2017. Although our common stock was initially listed at $15.00 per share on the date our common stock was first listed on the NASDAQ, November 7, 2014, the $15.00 pricemetric is not reflected in the graph. Instead, the figures represented below assume an investment of $100 in our common stock at the closing price of $19.11 on November 7, 2014 and in the NASDAQ Composite and the Russell 3000 on November 7, 2014 and the reinvestment of dividends into shares of common stock. The comparisons in the table are required by the SEC and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of our common stock.

Date

 

Freshpet, Inc.

 

 

NASDAQ Composite

 

 

Russell 3000

 

7-Nov-14

 

$

100.00

 

 

$

100.00

 

 

$

100.00

 

31-Dec-14

 

$

89.27

 

 

$

102.23

 

 

$

101.45

 

31-Dec-15

 

$

44.43

 

 

$

108.09

 

 

$

99.96

 

31-Dec-16

 

$

53.11

 

 

$

116.20

 

 

$

110.37

 

31-Dec-17

 

$

99.16

 

 

$

149.02

 

 

$

131.17

 

25


ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” appearing elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated financial data in this section is not intended to replace our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results.

We derived the consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this report.

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

 

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share data)

 

Net sales

 

$

156,379

 

 

$

133,054

 

 

$

116,186

 

 

$

86,764

 

 

$

63,151

 

Cost of goods sold

 

 

83,963

 

 

 

72,683

 

 

 

61,537

 

 

 

44,546

 

 

 

35,958

 

Gross profit

 

 

72,416

 

 

 

60,371

 

 

 

54,649

 

 

 

42,218

 

 

 

27,193

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

 

75,167

 

 

 

62,586

 

 

 

58,297

 

 

 

48,299

 

 

 

39,574

 

Loss from operations

 

 

(2,751

)

 

 

(2,215

)

 

 

(3,648

)

 

 

(6,081

)

 

 

(12,381

)

Other income (expenses), net

 

 

(525

)

 

 

(182

)

 

 

449

 

 

 

(665

)

 

 

(538

)

Fees on debt guarantee (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(25,937

)

 

 

(5,245

)

Interest expense

 

 

(910

)

 

 

(698

)

 

 

(455

)

 

 

(4,614

)

 

 

(3,492

)

Loss before income taxes

 

 

(4,187

)

 

 

(3,095

)

 

 

(3,653

)

 

 

(37,297

)

 

 

(21,656

)

Income tax expense

 

 

75

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

58

 

 

 

42

 

 

 

31

 

Net loss

 

$

(4,262

)

 

$

(3,161

)

 

$

(3,711

)

 

$

(37,339

)

 

$

(21,687

)

Preferred stock dividends on Series B and Series C (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(11,286

)

 

 

(8,596

)

Additional loss to common stockholders upon

   conversion of Series C Preferred Stock into

   common stock (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(82,655

)

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

 

$

(4,262

)

 

$

(3,161

)

 

$

(3,711

)

 

$

(131,280

)

 

$

(30,283

)

Net loss per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

(0.09

)

 

$

(0.11

)

 

$

(9.63

)

 

$

(2.91

)

Diluted

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

(0.09

)

 

$

(0.11

)

 

$

(9.63

)

 

$

(2.91

)

Weighted Average shares of common stock

   outstanding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

34,487,239

 

 

 

33,674,416

 

 

 

33,497,940

 

 

 

13,632,042

 

 

 

10,415,014

 

Diluted

 

 

34,487,239

 

 

 

33,674,416

 

 

 

33,497,940

 

 

 

13,632,042

 

 

 

10,415,014

 


26


 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

Other Financial Data

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Freshpet Fridge store locations at period end

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grocery and Online

 

 

9,056

 

 

 

7,953

 

 

 

6,887

 

 

 

6,130

 

 

 

5,367

 

Pet

 

 

4,630

 

 

 

4,530

 

 

 

4,294

 

 

 

3,979

 

 

 

3,051

 

Mass and Club

 

 

3,930

 

 

 

3,814

 

 

 

3,555

 

 

 

3,035

 

 

 

2,247

 

Natural

 

 

388

 

 

 

312

 

 

 

279

 

 

 

242

 

 

 

171

 

Total Freshpet Fridge store locations at period end

 

 

18,004

 

 

 

16,609

 

 

 

15,015

 

 

 

13,386

 

 

 

10,836

 

EBITDA (4)

 

$

9,415

 

 

$

7,490

 

 

$

4,376

 

 

$

(321

)

 

$

(6,974

)

Adjusted EBITDA (4)

 

 

17,565

 

 

 

17,654

 

 

 

11,110

 

 

 

5,515

 

 

 

(192

)

Adjusted Gross Profit (4)

 

 

78,207

 

 

 

66,027

 

 

 

57,216

 

 

 

44,785

 

 

 

30,555

 

Adjusted SG&A Expenses (4)

 

 

70,764

 

 

 

57,323

 

 

 

53,981

 

 

 

46,469

 

 

 

38,686

 

Capital Expenditures

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freshpet Kitchens and other plant capital

  expenditures

 

 

3,287

 

 

 

20,817

 

 

 

24,071

 

 

 

2,226

 

 

 

12,987

 

Freshpet Fridge and other capital

  expenditures

 

 

9,716

 

 

 

9,135

 

 

 

8,082

 

 

 

14,905

 

 

 

11,656

 

Total cash outflows of capital expenditures

 

$

13,003

 

 

$

29,952

 

 

$

32,153

 

 

$

17,131

 

 

$

24,643

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

2,184

 

 

$

3,908

 

 

$

8,029

 

 

$

36,259

 

 

$

2,445

 

Short-term investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,250

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Working capital (5)

 

 

10,265

 

 

 

575

 

 

 

16,246

 

 

 

41,156

 

 

 

3,435

 

Total assets

 

 

133,900

 

 

 

126,451

 

 

 

113,098

 

 

 

112,462

 

 

 

62,617

 

Total debt

 

 

 

 

 

7,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

76,112

 

Redeemable preferred stock:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30,728

 

Series C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

70,463

 

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

 

$

116,903

 

 

$

107,783

 

 

$

103,950

 

 

$

103,393

 

 

$

(131,058

)

(1)

Represents fees paid to certain stockholders for acting as guarantors for a portion of our prior payment obligations under the $62.5 million revolving note payable (the “$62.5 Million Revolver”). Pursuant to a Fee and Reimbursement Agreement, the Company was obligated to pay each guarantor a contingent fee equal to 10% per annum of the amount each guarantor committed to guarantee. Portions of the proceeds from our initial public offering (“IPO”) and related debt refinancing were used to repay the borrowings under the $62.5 Million Revolver, relieving us of our future fees on the debt guarantee. Concurrently, with the closing of the IPO, the outstanding guarantee fees were converted into shares of our Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), which were then converted into common stock. See our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for additional information.

(2)

Represents dividends associated with our redeemable Series B and Series C preferred stock. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) were entitled to receive dividends payable in additional fully paid and non-assessable shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a rate per annum of 15% of the original issue price. Such dividends were to be fully cumulative from the first day of issuance and accrued without interest on both the initial Series B Preferred Stock obtained and shares obtained via dividend, on a quarterly basis. Holders of Series C Preferred Stock were entitled to dividends at a rate of 8% per annum of the Series C Preferred Stock original issue price. Once the Series C Preferred Stock was converted to common stock, the accrued dividends that had not been declared by the Board of Directors were relinquished.

(3)

Immediately prior to the conversion of Series C Preferred Stock to common stock, the Series C Preferred Stock were fair valued utilizing the Common Stock share price at the date of conversion. The difference between fair value and book value was recorded as net loss attributable to common stockholders.

(4)

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted SG&A Expenses are not financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. These metrics are explained in more detail in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations,” where they are reconciled to the closest GAAP measure.

(5)

Represents current assets minus current liabilities.

27


ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations

Operations” in our annual report, where it is reconciled to the closest GAAP measure.

22

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in “Risk Factors.” The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, as well asCompensation Committee also considered the information presented under “Selected Financial Data.”

Overview

We started Freshpet with a single-minded mission to bring the power of real, fresh food to our dogs and cats. We were inspired by the rapidly growing view among pet owners that their dogs and cats are a part of their family, leading them to demand healthier pet food choices. Since inception of the company in 2006, we have created a comprehensive business model to deliver wholesome pet food that pet parents can trust, and in the process we believe we have become one of the fastest growing pet food companies in North America. Our business model is difficult for others to replicate and we see significant opportunity for future growth by leveraging the unique elements of our business, including our brand, our product know-how, our Freshpet Kitchens, our refrigerated distribution, our Freshpet Fridge and our culture.

Recent Developments

New Revenue Recognition Policy

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (Topic 606) which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company will adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of 2018 using the full retrospective method approach requiring the company to restate each prior reporting period presented. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements and is limited to classification differences within the statement of operating income from cost of goods to a reduction to net sales.  The net effect will decrease net sales for 2017 by approximately 2.6% lower than under the previous accounting standard.

Thepotential impact of the policy on an annual basis is expected to be as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

Current Policy under ASC 605

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Sales

 

$

156,379

 

 

$

133,054

 

 

$

116,186

 

 

$

86,764

 

Cost of Sales

 

 

83,963

 

 

 

72,683

 

 

 

61,537

 

 

 

44,546

 

Gross Profit

 

$

72,416

 

 

$

60,371

 

 

$

54,649

 

 

$

42,218

 

Gross Margin

 

 

46.3

%

 

 

45.4

%

 

 

47.0

%

 

 

48.7

%

Adjusted Gross Margin (1)

 

 

50.0

%

 

 

49.6

%

 

 

49.2

%

 

 

51.6

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Policy under ASC 606

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Sales

 

$

152,359

 

 

$

129,707

 

 

$

113,505

 

 

$

84,154

 

Cost of Sales

 

 

79,943

 

 

 

69,336

 

 

 

58,856

 

 

 

41,936

 

Gross Profit

 

$

72,416

 

 

$

60,371

 

 

$

54,649

 

 

$

42,218

 

Gross Margin

 

 

47.5

%

 

 

46.5

%

 

 

48.1

%

 

 

50.2

%

Adjusted Gross Margin (1)

 

 

51.3

%

 

 

50.9

%

 

 

50.4

%

 

 

53.2

%

28


The impact of the policy on a quarterly basis is expected to be as follows:

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

12/31/2017

 

 

9/30/2017

 

 

6/30/2017

 

 

3/31/2017

 

 

12/31/2016

 

 

9/30/2016

 

 

6/30/2016

 

 

3/31/2016

 

Current Policy under ASC 605

 

Net Sales

 

$

40,697

 

 

$

41,200

 

 

$

39,969

 

 

$

34,514

 

 

$

34,061

 

 

$

34,536

 

 

$

33,002

 

 

$

31,454

 

Cost of Sales

 

 

21,756

 

 

 

21,697

 

 

 

21,799

 

 

 

18,711

 

 

 

18,841

 

 

 

19,185

 

 

 

18,090

 

 

 

16,566

 

Gross Profit

 

$

18,940

 

 

$

19,503

 

 

$

18,170

 

 

$

15,803

 

 

$

15,220

 

 

$

15,351

 

 

$

14,912

 

 

$

14,888

 

Gross Margin

 

 

46.5

%

 

 

47.3

%

 

 

45.5

%

 

 

45.8

%

 

 

44.7

%

 

 

44.4

%

 

 

45.2

%

 

 

47.3

%

Adjusted Gross Margin (1)

 

 

50.1

%

 

 

50.9

%

 

 

49.1

%

 

 

49.9

%

 

 

49.9

%

 

 

49.6

%

 

 

48.7

%

 

 

50.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Policy under ASC 606

 

Net Sales

 

$

39,829

 

 

$

40,125

 

 

$

38,728

 

 

$

33,678

 

 

$

33,310

 

 

$

33,768

 

 

$

32,100

 

 

$

30,529

 

Cost of Sales

 

 

20,888

 

 

 

20,622

 

 

 

20,559

 

 

 

17,874

 

 

 

18,090

 

 

 

18,417

 

 

 

17,188

 

 

 

15,641

 

Gross Profit

 

$

18,940

 

 

$

19,503

 

 

$

18,170

 

 

$

15,803

 

 

$

15,220

 

 

$

15,351

 

 

$

14,912

 

 

$

14,888

 

Gross Margin

 

 

47.6

%

 

 

48.6

%

 

 

49.6

%

 

 

46.9

%

 

 

45.7

%

 

 

45.5

%

 

 

46.5

%

 

 

48.8

%

Adjusted Gross Margin (1)

 

 

51.2

%

 

 

52.2

%

 

 

50.7

%

 

 

51.2

%

 

 

51.1

%

 

 

50.7

%

 

 

50.1

%

 

 

51.8

%

(1)

Adjusted Gross Margin is not a financial measure prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. These metrics are explained in more detail in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations,” where they are reconciled to the closest GAAP measure.

Amendment of Debt

During the third quarter of 2017, we amended our Credit Facilities to replace our Term Facility (as defined below) and Capex Commitments (as defined below) of $30.0 million and $10.0 million Revolving Facility with a straight $30.0 million revolver (the “New Revolving Facility”) and the ability to increase the New Revolving Facility by an additional $10.0 million. The New Revolving Facility will mature in September 2020 and borrowings thereunder will bear interest at variable rates dependingCOVID pandemic on the Company’s election, either at a base rate or atperformance in determining the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Subjectawards. The Company chose to add back to its publicly reported Adj. EBITDA those costs that were directly related to keeping our team safe and ensuring the Company’s leverage ratio, the applicable margin will vary between 0.75% and 1.25% for base rate loans and 1.75% and 2.25% for LIBOR loans. The amendment resulted in a reduction in the unused rate of between 25 and 75 basis points and a reduction in the total rate of between 200 and 250 basis points. At closing, we had total borrowings of $5.5 million under the $30.0 million New Revolving Facility, with $24.5 million available. All borrowings were fully repaid by December 31, 2017.

Net Sales

Our net sales are derived from the sale of pet food to our customers, who purchase either directly from us or through third-party distributors. Our products are sold to consumers through a fast-growing network of company-owned branded refrigerators, known as Freshpet Fridges, located in our customers’ stores. We continue to roll out Freshpet Fridges across leading retailers across North America and have installed Freshpet Fridges in over 18,000 retail stores as of December 31, 2017. Allcontinuity of our products are sold underoperations during the Freshpet brand name, with ingredients, packagingpandemic. These costs, totaling approximately $4.0 million, included supplemental pay to hourly workers, pay to workers who were out for testing and labeling customized by classquarantine, incremental costs for deep cleanings of retail. Sales are recorded net of discounts, slotting, returnsour facilities, and promotional allowances.

Our net sales growth is drivenhealth screenings for our employees.

Beyond those direct COVID-related costs, the Board believes that the business was both helped and hurt by the following key factors:

Increasing sales velocity fromCOVID crisis, and that it would be almost impossible to ascertain the average Freshpet Fridge due to increasing awareness, trial and adoption of Freshpet products and innovation. Our investments in marketing and advertising help to drive awareness and trial at each point of sale.

Increased penetration of Freshpet Fridge locations in major classes of retail, including grocery (including online), mass, club, pet specialty and natural. The impact of new Freshpet Fridge installations on our net sales varies by retail class and depends on numerous factors including store traffic, refrigerator size, placement within the store and proximity to other stores that carry our products.

Consumer trends including growing pet ownership, pet humanization and a focus on health and wellness.

We believe that as a result of the above key factors, we will continue to penetrate the pet food marketplace and increase our share of the pet food category.

29


Gross Profit

Our gross profit is net of costs of goods sold, which include the costs of product manufacturing, product ingredients, packaging materials, spoils and inbound freight. In 2016, we completed a capital expansion project at our Freshpet Kitchens facility that further increased our production capacity by 130%. Over time, increasing capacity utilization of our new facility will allow us to leverage fixed costs and thereby expand our gross profit margins.

Our gross profit margins are impacted by the cost of ingredients, packaging materials, and labor and overhead. We expect to mitigate any adverse movement in input costs through a combination of cost management and price increases.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

SG&A costs as a percentage of net sales have historically decreased from 81.3% in 2012 to 62.7% in 2013, 55.7% in 2014, 50.2% in 2015 and 47.0% in 2016. Due to our Feed the Growth initiative, which increases our investment in media, our SG&A as a percentage of net sales increased slightly to 48.1% in 2017. We believe that as we begin to realizeexact balance between the benefits of our Feedand detriments. On the Growth initiative, SG&A expenses will once again decrease aspositive side, the Company experienced increased demand and lower media costs. On the negative side, the Company experienced reduced production (and lost sales) and delayed fridge installations. Absent a percentage of net sales.

Our SG&A expenses consist ofclear method for accurately defining the following:

Outbound freight. Priorappropriate balance between the benefits and detriments, the Compensation Committee chose to accept the second quarter of 2016, outbound freight from our Freshpet Kitchens was managed by a national third-party refrigeratedactual results and frozen human food manufacturer. Duringchose to make no further COVID-related adjustments beyond the second quarter of 2016, we transitioned to a new third-party logistics provider. Through our new third-party logistics provider’s infrastructure, we continue to realize cost efficiencies in logistics.

Marketing & advertising. Our marketing and advertising expenses primarily consist of national television media, digital marketing, social media and grass roots marketing to drive brand awareness. These expenses may vary from quarter to quarter depending on the timing of our marketing and advertising campaigns. Our Feed the Growth initiative will focus on growing the business through increased marketing investments.

Freshpet Fridge operating costs. Freshpet Fridge operating costs consist of repair costs and depreciation. The purchase and installation costs for new Freshpet Fridges are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life. All new refrigerators are covered by a manufacturer warranty for three years. We subsequently incur maintenance and freight costs for repairs and refurbishments handled by third-party service providers.

Research & development (“R&D”). R&D costs consist of expenses to develop and test new products.  The costs are expensed as incurred.

Brokerage. We utilize third-party brokers to assist with monitoring our Freshpet Fridges at the point-of-sale as well as representing us at headquarters for various customers. These brokers visit our retail customers’ store locations and ensure items are appropriately stocked and maintained.

Stock compensation. We account for all share-based compensation payments issued to employees, directors and non-employees using a fair value method. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense is measuredaddbacks described above.

For 2020, based on the estimated fair value of theforegoing, we paid annual incentive awards onto each NEO as follows:
Name
Amount of Award
% of Target Awarded
William B. Cyr$545,940101.1%
Scott Morris$288,135101.1%
Heather Pomerantz$196,106101.1%
Stephen L. Weise$112,254101.1%
Cathal Walsh$103,767101.1%
Richard Kassar$80,880*101.1%
*
Mr. Kassars target award was revised from $160,000 effective September 30, 2020 to $80,000, in relation to his new advisory role as Vice Chairman.
Long-Term Equity Compensation
Although we do not have a formal policy covering the grant date. We recognizeof equity compensation expense for the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest over the period during which the recipient renders the required services to us using the straight-line single option method.

Other general & administrative costs. Other general and administrative costs include non-plant personnel salaries and benefits, as well as corporate general & administrative costs.

30


Income Taxes

We had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards of approximately $175.0 million as of December 31, 2017, which expire between 2025 and 2037. We may be subject to certain limitations in our annual utilization of NOL carry forwards to off-set future taxable income pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, which could result in NOLs expiring unused. At December 31, 2017, we had approximately $143.4 million of state NOLs, which expire between 2017 and 2037. At December 31, 2017, we had a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as the realization of such assets was not considered more likely than not.

Results of Operations

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Net sales

$

156,379

 

 

 

100

%

 

$

133,054

 

 

 

100

%

 

$

116,186

 

 

 

100

%

Cost of goods sold

 

83,963

 

 

 

54

 

 

 

72,683

 

 

 

55

 

 

 

61,537

 

 

 

53

 

Gross profit

 

72,416

 

 

 

46

 

 

 

60,371

 

 

 

45

 

 

 

54,649

 

 

 

47

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

75,167

 

 

 

48

 

 

 

62,586

 

 

 

47

 

 

 

58,297

 

 

 

50

 

Loss from operations

 

(2,751

)

 

 

(2

)

 

 

(2,215

)

 

 

(2

)

 

 

(3,648

)

 

 

(3

)

Other income/(expenses):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income/(expenses), net

 

(525

)

 

 

(0

)

 

 

(182

)

 

 

(0

)

 

$

449

 

 

 

0

 

Interest expense

 

(910

)

 

 

(0

)

 

 

(698

)

 

 

0

 

 

 

(455

)

 

 

(0

)

Loss before income taxes

 

(4,186

)

 

 

(3

)

 

 

(3,095

)

 

 

(2

)

 

 

(3,653

)

 

 

(3

)

Income tax expense

 

75

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

58

 

 

 

0

 

Net Loss

$

(4,261

)

 

 

(3

)%

 

$

(3,161

)

 

 

(2

)%

 

$

(3,711

)

 

 

(3

)%

Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared To Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016

Net Sales

The following table sets forth net sales by class of retail:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Store Count

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Store Count

 

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

Grocery (including Online), Mass and Club* (1)

 

$

126,438

 

 

 

81

%

 

 

12,986

 

 

$

104,709

 

 

 

79

%

 

 

11,767

 

 

Pet Specialty and Natural (2)

 

 

29,941

 

 

 

19

 

 

 

5,018

 

 

 

28,345

 

 

 

21

 

 

 

4,842

 

 

Net Sales

 

$

156,379

 

 

 

100

%

 

 

18,004

 

 

$

133,054

 

 

 

100

%

 

 

16,609

 

 

(1)

Stores at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of 9,056 and 7,953 grocery (including online) and 3,930 and 3,814 mass and club, respectively.

(2)

Stores at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of 4,630 and 4,530 pet specialty and 388 and 312 natural, respectively.

*Includes net sales from Freshpet Baked of $1.8 million, or 1.2% of total net sales, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and $4.4 million, or 3.3% of total net sales, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.

Net sales increased $23.3 million, or 18%, to $156.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The $23.3 million increase in net sales was driven by growth in the Grocery (including Online), Mass, and Club refrigerated channel of $21.7 million, and Pet Specialty and Natural of $1.6 million. The net sales increase was driven by overall velocity gains and an increase of Freshpet Fridges store locations, which grew by 8.4% from 16,609 as of December 31, 2016 to 18,004 as of December 31, 2017.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $12.0 million, or 20%, to $72.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by higher net sales, and production efficiencies, partially offset by increased depreciation dueawards to our Freshpet Kitchens.

31


Our gross profit margin of 46.3% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, was an increase of 90 basis points compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily related to cost savings and margin improvement through scale and plant startup costs in the prior year, partially offset by a decrease due to additional depreciation of our Freshpet Kitchens expansion.

Adjusted Gross Profit was $78.2 million and $66.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Adjusted Gross Profit Margin as a percentage of net sales was 50.0% and 49.6% in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Adjusted Gross Profit excludes $5.8 million of depreciation expense in 2017 and $4.0 million of depreciation expense and $1.6 million of non-capitalizable plant start-up costs in 2016. See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for how we define Adjusted Gross Profit and a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Profit to Gross Profit, the closest comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $12.6 million, or 20%, to $75.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Key components of the dollar increase include higher media spend of $5.5 million, higher depreciation expense of $1.0 million, increased variable cost due to volume of $2.1 million, which includes freight cost and brokerage, and higher incremental operating expenses of $5.2 million, offset by prior year non-recurring costs related to leadership transition expenses of $1.2 million. The increased operating expenses were primarily due to new hires and increased employee benefit costs, which include variable compensation.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses increased to 48.1% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 from 47.0% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. Adjusted SG&A increased as a percentage of net sales to 45.3% in the in the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 43.1% of net sales in the year ended December 31, 2016. Adjusted SG&A excludes $4.2 million and $4.0 million for non-cash items related to share-based compensation in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, $0.1 million of litigation expense in 2017 and $1.3 million of leadership transition costs in 2016. Adjusted SG&A is a Non-GAAP measure. See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for how we define Adjusted SG&A, a reconciliation of Adjusted SG&A to SG&A, the closest comparable U.S. GAAP measure, certain limitations of Non-GAAP measures and why management has included such Non-GAAP measures.

Loss from Operations

Loss from operations increased $0.5 million from a loss of $2.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 to a loss of $2.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as a result of the factors discussed above.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $0.9 million and $0.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, relating primarily to our Credit Facilities (as defined below). Interest expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 includes $0.3 million of accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs related to the amendment of our Credit Facilities (as defined below). See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Other Income/(Expenses), net

Other income/(expenses), net increased $0.3 million from a loss of $0.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 to a loss of $0.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, primarily related to $0.2 million from the revaluation of warrants. Expense related to the revaluation of warrants was $0.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 compared to expense of less than $0.1 million for the same period in the prior year.

Net Loss

Net loss increased $1.1 million, or 35%, to $4.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to net loss of $3.2 million for the same period in the prior year. Net loss was 2.7% of net sales for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to a net loss of 2.4% of net sales for the same period in the prior year.

32


Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 Compared To Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015

Net Sales

The following table sets forth net sales by class of retail:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Store Count

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of

Net Sales

 

 

Store Count

 

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

Grocery (including Online), Mass and Club* (1)

 

$

104,709

 

 

 

79

%

 

 

11,767

 

 

$

89,132

 

 

 

77

%

 

 

10,442

 

 

Pet Specialty and Natural (2)

 

 

28,345

 

 

 

21

 

 

 

4,842

 

 

 

27,054

 

 

 

23

 

 

 

4,573

 

 

Net Sales

 

$

133,054

 

 

 

100

%

 

 

16,609

 

 

$

116,186

 

 

 

100

%

 

 

15,015

 

 

(1)

Stores at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of 7,953 and 6,887 grocery (including online) and 3,814 and 3,555 mass and club, respectively.

(2)

Stores at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of 4,530 and 4,294 pet specialty and 312 and 279 natural, respectively.

*Includes net sales from Freshpet Baked product test of $4.4 million, or 3.3% of total net sales, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and $4.6 million, or 4% of total net sales, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.

Net sales increased $16.9 million, or 15%, to $133.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The $16.9 million increase in net sales was driven by growth in the Grocery (including Online), Mass, and Club refrigerated channel of $15.6 million and Pet Specialty of $1.3 million. The net sales increase was driven by overall velocity gains and an increase of Freshpet Fridges store locations, which grew by 10.6% from 15,015 as of December 31, 2015 to 16,609 as of December 31, 2016.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $5.7 million, or 10%, to $60.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by higher net sales, partially offset by increased depreciation due to our Freshpet Kitchens expansion and non-capitalizable start-up costs associated with the Freshpet Kitchens expansion.

Our gross profit margin of 45.4% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, was a decrease of 166 basis points compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily related to 82 basis points due to increased depreciation of our Freshpet Kitchens expansion, and 122 basis points due to non-capitalizable start-up costs associated with the Freshpet Kitchens expansion, offset by operational efficiencies.

Adjusted Gross Profit was $66.0 million and $57.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Adjusted Gross Profit Margin as a percentage of net sales was 49.6% and 49.2% in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Adjusted Gross Profit excludes $4.0 million of depreciation expense and $1.6 million of non-capitalizable plant start-up costs in December 31, 2016, and $2.6 million of depreciation expense in 2015. See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for how we define Adjusted Gross Profit and a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Profit to Gross Profit, the closest comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.3 million, or 7%, to $62.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Key components of the dollar increase include higher broker commissions of $0.4 million, increased non-recurring costs of $0.7 million (which consist of leadership transition costs in the year ended 2016 and secondary fees in the year ended 2015), higher share-based compensation expenses of $0.3 million, higher chiller expenses of $1.2 million (of which $0.7 million relates to increased depreciation on Freshpet Fridges), incremental operating expenses of $3.6 million, lower outbound freight costs of $0.2 million due to optimizations realized with our new logistics provider, lower advertising expenses of $0.9 million, and lower R&D costs of $0.8 million. The increased operating expenses were primarily due to new hires and increased employee benefit costs, which include variable compensation.

As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses decreased to 47% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 from 50% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. Adjusted SG&A decreased as a percentage of net sales to 43% in

33


the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 46% of net sales in the year ended December 31, 2015. Adjusted SG&A excludes $4.0 million and $3.7 million for non-cash items related to share-based compensation in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, $1.3 million of leadership transition costs in 2016 and $0.6 million of secondary fees in 2015. Adjusted SG&A is a Non-GAAP measure. See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for how we define Adjusted SG&A, a reconciliation of Adjusted SG&A to SG&A, the closest comparable U.S. GAAP measure, certain limitations of Non-GAAP measures and why management has included such Non-GAAP measures.

Loss from Operations

Loss from operations decreased $1.4 million, or 39%, to $2.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of the factors discussed above.

Interest Expense

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 interest expense increased $0.2 million, or 54%, to $0.7 million, which related to fees and interest expenses on our short-term borrowings under our 3-year $10.0 million Revolving Facility and $30.0 million term loan commitment earmarked for capital expenditures.  Interest expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 was $0.5 million. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Other Income/(Expenses), net

Other income/(expenses), net decreased $0.6 million from income of $0.4 million to expense of $0.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily related to the revaluation of warrants. Expense related to the revaluation of warrants was less than $0.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared to income of $0.5 million for the same period in the prior year.

Net Loss

Net loss decreased $0.6 million, or 15%, to $3.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Net loss was 2% of net sales for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to a net loss of 3% of net sales for the same period in the prior year.

34


Selected Quarterly Financial Data

The following quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for the 12 fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2017 has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited annual consolidated financial statements and includes, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial information contained herein. The following quarterly data should be read together with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

 

 

2017

 

 

 

Q1

 

 

Q2

 

 

Q3

 

 

Q4

 

Freshpet Fridge store locations

 

 

17,031

 

 

 

17,357

 

 

 

17,650

 

 

 

18,004

 

Net sales

 

$

34,514

 

 

$

39,969

 

 

$

41,200

 

 

$

40,696

 

Gross profit

 

 

15,803

 

 

 

18,170

 

 

 

19,503

 

 

 

18,940

 

Gross profit margin

 

 

45.8

%

 

 

45.5

%

 

 

47.3

%

 

 

46.5

%

Net income (loss)

 

$

(2,880

)

 

$

(2,652

)

 

$

(246

)

 

$

1,517

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

Q1

 

 

Q2

 

 

Q3

 

 

Q4

 

Freshpet Fridge store locations

 

 

15,429

 

 

 

15,795

 

 

 

16,261

 

 

 

16,609

 

Net sales

 

$

31,454

 

 

$

33,002

 

 

$

34,536

 

 

$

34,061

 

Gross profit

 

 

14,888

 

 

 

14,912

 

 

 

15,351

 

 

 

15,220

 

Gross profit margin

 

 

47.3

%

 

 

45.2

%

 

 

44.4

%

 

 

44.7

%

Net income (loss)

 

$

(1,772

)

 

$

(3,243

)

 

$

621

 

 

$

1,233

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2015

 

 

 

Q1

 

 

Q2

 

 

Q3

 

 

Q4

 

Freshpet Fridge store locations

 

 

14,019

 

 

 

14,354

 

 

 

14,670

 

 

 

15,015

 

Net sales

 

$

27,055

 

 

$

28,359

 

 

$

30,571

 

 

$

30,201

 

Gross profit

 

 

13,253

 

 

 

13,660

 

 

 

14,047

 

 

 

13,689

 

Gross profit margin

 

 

49.0

%

 

 

48.2

%

 

 

45.9

%

 

 

45.3

%

Net loss

 

$

(2,587

)

 

$

(2,229

)

 

$

(1,675

)

 

$

2,780

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have presented the following non-GAAP financial measures in this report. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered only as supplements to GAAP reported measures, should not be considered replacements for, or superior to, GAAP measures and may not be comparable to similarly named measures used by other companies.

Adjusted Gross Profit

Adjusted Gross Profit as a percentage of net sales

Adjusted SG&A

Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of net sales

EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA

Such financial measures are not financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We define Adjusted Gross Profit as Gross Profit before non-cash depreciation expense and plant start-up costs. We define Adjusted SG&A as SG&A expenses before non-cash share-based compensation, leadership transition expenses, fees related to a secondary offering and litigation expense. EBITDA represents net loss plus interest expense (including Fees on debt guarantee, which we believe were at cost of our prior financing agreement akin to interest expense), income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus loss on disposal of equipment, plant start-up expense, share-based compensation, warrant fair valuation, launch expenses, fees related to a secondary offering, leadership transition costs and litigation expense.

We believe that each of these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional metrics to evaluate our operations and, when considered with both our U.S. GAAP results and the reconciliation to the closest comparable U.S. GAAP measures, provide a more complete understanding of our business than could be obtained absent this disclosure. We use the non-GAAP financial measures, together with U.S GAAP financial measures, such as net sales, gross profit margins and cash

35


flow from operations, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance, to provide meaningful comparisons of operating performance across periods, to enhance our understanding of our operating performance and to compare our performance to that of our peers and competitors.

Adjusted EBITDA is also an important component of internal budgeting and setting management compensation.

The non-GAAP financial measures are presented here because we believe they are useful to investors in assessing the operating performance of our business without the effect of non-cash items, and other items as detailed below. The non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to net loss, income from operations or any other measure of financial performance calculated and prescribed in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Neither EBITDA nor Adjusted EBITDA should be considered a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures in other organizations because other organizations may not calculate non-GAAP financial measures in the same manner as we do.

Our presentation of the non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by the expenses that are excluded from that term or by unusual or non-recurring items. We recognize that the non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical financial measures. For example, the non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect:

our capital expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures;

the interest expense (including Fees on debt guarantee which we believe were at cost of our prior financing agreement akin to interest expense), or the cash requirements necessary to service interest expense or principal payments, associated with indebtedness;

depreciation and amortization, which are non-cash charges, although the assets being depreciated and amortized will likely have to be replaced in the future, nor any cash requirements for such replacements; and

changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs.

Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA excludes (i) non-cash share-based compensation expense, which is and will remain a key element of our overall long-term incentive compensation package, and (ii) certain costs essential to our sales growth and strategy, including an allowance for marketing expenses for each new store added to our network and non-capitalizable freight costs associated with Freshpet Fridge replacements. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations. Other companies in our industry may calculate the non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Net Loss

 

$

(4,262

)

 

$

(3,161

)

 

$

(3,711

)

 

$

(37,339

)

 

$

(21,687

)

Fees on debt guarantee (a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25,937

 

 

 

5,245

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

12,692

 

 

 

9,887

 

 

 

7,574

 

 

 

6,425

 

 

 

5,945

 

Interest expense

 

 

910

 

 

 

698

 

 

 

455

 

 

 

4,614

 

 

 

3,492

 

Income tax expense

 

 

75

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

58

 

 

 

42

 

 

 

31

 

EBITDA

 

$

9,414

 

 

$

7,490

 

 

$

4,376

 

 

$

(321

)

 

$

(6,974

)

Loss on disposal of equipment

 

 

104

 

 

 

190

 

 

 

94

 

 

 

309

 

 

 

503

 

Launch expense (b)

 

 

3,066

 

 

 

2,813

 

 

 

2,626

 

 

 

3,513

 

 

 

3,305

 

Plant start-up expenses (c)

 

 

 

 

 

1,628

 

 

 

 

 

 

113

 

 

 

1,996

 

Non-cash share-based compensation (d)

 

 

4,438

 

 

 

4,193

 

 

 

3,924

 

 

 

1,564

 

 

 

978

 

Warrant fair valuation (e)

 

 

335

 

 

 

49

 

 

 

(503

)

 

 

337

 

 

 

 

Secondary fees (f)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

593

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leadership transition expenses (g)

 

 

63

 

 

 

1,291

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Litigation expense (h)

 

 

145

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

 

$

17,565

 

 

$

17,654

 

 

$

11,110

 

 

$

5,515

 

 

$

(192

)

(a)

Represents fees paid to certain stockholders for acting as guarantors for a portion of our prior payment obligations under the $62.5 Million Revolver. Pursuant to a Fee and Reimbursement Agreement, the Company was obligated to

36


pay each guarantor a contingent fee equal to 10% per annum of the amount each guarantor committed to guarantee. Portions of the proceeds from our IPO and related debt refinancing were used to repay the borrowings under the $62.5 Million Revolver, relieving us of our future fees on the debt guarantee. Concurrently, with the closing of the IPO, the outstanding guarantee fees were converted into shares of our Series C Preferred Stock, which were then converted into common stock. See our consolidated financial statements and the notes for additional information.

(b)

Represents new store marketing allowance of $1,000 for each store added to our distribution network, as well as the non-capitalized freight costs associated with Freshpet Fridge replacements. The expense enhances the overall marketing spend to support our growing distribution network.

(c)

Represents additional operating costs incurred in connection with the start-up of our new manufacturing lines as part of the Freshpet Kitchens expansion project in 2016, and additional operating costs incurred in 2013 and in the first quarter of 2014 in connection with the opening of our new primary manufacturing facility in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.

(d)

Represents non-cash share-based compensation expense.

(e)

Represents the change of fair value for the outstanding common stock warrants. All outstanding warrants were converted to common stock in September 2017.

(f)

Represents fees associated with the secondary public offering of our common stock, which was completed on May 5, 2015.

(g)

Represents charges associated within our former Chief Executive Officer’s separation agreement as well as changes in estimates associated with leadership transition costs.

(h)

Represents fees associated with the response to a securities lawsuit, Curran v. Freshpet, Inc. et al, Docket No. 2:16-cv-02263.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Profit to Gross Profit, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

Gross Profit (as reported)

 

$

72,416

 

 

$

60,371

 

 

$

54,649

 

 

$

42,218

 

 

$

27,193

 

Depreciation expense (a)

 

 

5,791

 

 

 

4,028

 

 

 

2,566

 

 

 

2,454

 

 

 

1,366

 

Plant start-up expenses (b)

 

 

 

 

 

1,628

 

 

 

 

 

 

113

 

 

 

1,996

 

Adjusted Gross Profit

 

$

78,207

 

 

$

66,027

 

 

$

57,216

 

 

$

44,785

 

 

$

30,555

 

Adjusted Gross Profit as a % of Net Sales

 

 

50.0

%

 

 

49.6

%

 

 

49.2

%

 

 

51.6

%

 

 

48.4

%

(a)

Represents non-cash depreciation expense included in Cost of Goods Sold.

(b)

Represents additional operating costs incurred in connection with the start-up of our new manufacturing lines as part of the Freshpet Kitchens expansion project in 2016, and additional operating costs incurred in 2013 and in the first quarter of 2014 in connection with the opening of our new primary manufacturing facility in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Adjusted SG&A to SG&A expenses, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

2014

 

 

2013

 

SG&A expenses (as reported)

 

$

75,167

 

 

$

62,586

 

 

$

58,297

 

 

$

48,299

 

 

$

39,574

 

Non-cash share-based compensation (a)

 

 

4,195

 

 

 

3,972

 

 

 

3,723

 

 

 

1,830

 

 

 

888

 

Secondary fees (b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

593

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leadership transition expenses (c)

 

 

63

 

 

 

1,291

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Litigation expense (d)

 

 

145

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjusted SG&A Expenses

 

$

70,764

 

 

$

57,323

 

 

$

53,981

 

 

$

46,469

 

 

$

38,686

 

Adjusted SG&A Expenses as a % of Net Sales

 

 

45.3

%

 

 

43.1

%

 

 

46.5

%

 

 

53.6

%

 

 

61.3

%

(a)

Represents non-cash share-based compensation expense.

(b)

Represents fees associated with the secondary public offering of our common stock, which was completed on May 5, 2015.

(c)

Represents charges associated within our former Chief Executive Officer’s separation agreement, as well as changes in estimates associated with leadership transition costs.

37


(d)

Represents fees associated with the response to a securities lawsuit, Curran v. Freshpet, Inc. et al, Docket No. 2:16-cv-02263.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Developing our business will require significant capital in the future. To meet our capital needs, we expect to rely on our current and future cash flow from operations, and our current available borrowing capacity. Our ability to obtain additional funding will be subject to various factors, including general market conditions, our operating performance, the market’s perception of our growth potential, lender sentiment and our ability to incur additional debt in compliance with other contractual restrictions, such as financial covenants under our debt agreements.

Additionally, our ability to make payments on, and to refinance, any indebtedness under our Credit Facilities and to fund any necessary expenditures for our growth will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. If our business does not achieve the levels of profitability or generate the amount of cash that we anticipate or if we expand faster than anticipated, we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing to operate and expand our business. Future third-party financing may not be available on favorable terms or at all.

We believe that cash and cash equivalents, expected cash flow from operations and planned borrowing capacity are adequate to fund debt service requirements, operating lease obligations, capital expenditures and working capital obligations for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to continue to meet these requirements and obligations will depend on, among other things, our ability to achieve anticipated levels of revenue and cash flow from operations and our ability to manage costs and working capital successfully. Additionally, our cash flow generation ability is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations in an amount sufficient to enable us to fund our liquidity needs. Further, our capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned if, for example, our revenues do not reach expected levels or we have to incur unforeseen capital expenditures and make investments to maintain our competitive position. If this is the case, we may seek alternative financing, such as selling additional debt or equity securities, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so on favorable terms, if at all. Moreover, if we issue new debt securities, the debt holders would have rights senior to common stockholders to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. If we issue additional equity or convertible debt securities, existing stockholders may experience dilution, and such new securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of additional financings unattractive. Our inability to raise capital could impede our growth or otherwise require us to forego growth opportunities and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Working Capital consists of current assets net of current liabilities. Working capital increased $9.7 million to $10.3 million at December 31, 2017 compared with $0.6 million at December 31, 2016. The increase was a result of increased accounts receivable inventory, and a decrease in borrowing offset by an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and a decrease in cash.

We normally carry three to four weeks of finished goods inventory. The average duration of our accounts receivable is approximately three weeks.

As of December 31, 2017, our capital resources consisted primarily of $2.2 million cash on hand and $30.0 million available under our Credit Facilities. In the third quarter of 2017, we amended our Credit Facilities, to replace our Term Facility and Capex Commitments of $30.0 million and $10.0 million Revolving Facility (the New Revolving Facility) and the ability to increase the New Revolving Facility by an additional $10.0 million. The New Revolving Facility will mature in September 2020.  The amendment resulted in a reduction in the unused rate of between 25 and 75 basis points and a reduction in the total rate of between 200 and 250 basis points. The existing facility, which had $7.5 million outstanding, was repaid with proceeds from the New Revolving Facility and cash on hand.

38


The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our beginning balance of cash, net cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities and our ending balance of cash.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Cash at the beginning of period

$

3,908

 

 

$

8,029

 

 

$

36,259

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

10,270

 

 

 

12,800

 

 

 

6,738

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(13,004

)

 

 

(26,689

)

 

 

(35,260

)

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

1,010

 

 

 

9,768

 

 

 

292

 

Cash at the end of period

$

2,184

 

 

$

3,909

 

 

$

8,029

 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items (provision for gain/loss on receivables, loss on disposal of equipment, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, deferred financing costs and loan discounts and the fair valuation of warrants).

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, net cash provided by operating activities was $10.3 million, consisting of net income, adjusted for reconciling non-cash items, of $14.0 million and an increase in operating assets and liabilities of $3.7 million. Net income, adjusted for reconciling non-cash items, excludes $18.3 million of non-cash items primarily relating to $4.4 million of share-based compensation and $12.7 million of depreciation and amortization. The increase in assets of $9.7 million is primarily related to growth in accounts receivable and inventory. The growth in accounts receivable is primarily due to growth in net sales. The increase in inventory is a result of timing of sales in December year-over-year as well as manufacturing of certain new items towards the end of the fourth quarter of 2017 that will reach retailers in January and February of 2018. The increase in liabilities of $6.0 million was due to timing of payments, including $2.1 million related to accrued compensation.

For 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $12.8 million, primarily consisting of net income adjusted for non-cash items of $11.2 million, which excludes $14.3 million of non-cash items primarily relating to $4.2 million of share-based compensation and $9.9 million of depreciation and amortization, and proceeds from an increase in operating assets and liabilities of $1.6 million. The increase in assets of $1.5 million is primarily related to growth in accounts receivable, which is primarily due to growth in net sales and an increase in the number of stores with a Freshpet fridge. The increase in liabilities of $3.1 million was due to timing of payments and accrued leadership transition costs.

For 2015, net cash provided by operating activities was $6.7 million, which consisted of net income, adjusted for non-cash items, of $3.7 million, and a $0.7 million decrease related to changes in operating assets and liabilities. The change in operating assets and liabilities is primarily due to the increase in accounts receivable of $1.7 and a decrease in accrued expenses of $0.7 million, offset by a decrease in inventories of $0.6 million, decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.1 million, and an increase in accounts payable of $0.2 million. The increase in accounts receivable is primarily due to growth in net sales. The change in remaining operating accounts is due to timing.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $13.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 relates primarily to capital expenditures related to the Freshpet Kitchens of $3.3 million and investments in fridges as well as other miscellaneous capital spend of $9.7 million.

Net cash used in investing activities of $26.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 relates primarily to capital expenditures related to the Freshpet Kitchens of $20.8 million (including the Freshpet Kitchens expansion of $17.6 million and recurring capital expenditures of $3.2 million), investments in fridges, as well as other miscellaneous capital spend of $9.1 million, offset by maturities of short-term investments of $3.2 million.

Net cash used in investing activities of $35.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 relates primarily to capital expenditures related to the Freshpet Kitchens of $19.1 million (including the Freshpet Kitchens expansion of $17.6 million and recurring capital expenditures of $1.5 million), investments in fridges as well as other miscellaneous capital spend of $8.0 million, purchase of a building with 6.5 acres of land adjacent to our Freshpet Kitchens for $5.0 million, and purchases of short-term investments, net of settlement, of $3.2 million.

39


Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, attributable to proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $8.3 million and the proceeds from borrowing $7.5 million under our Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of short-term borrowing of $14.5 million, and debt issuance costs of $0.3 million.

Net cash from financing activities was $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, attributable to proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $2.8 million and the proceeds from borrowing $10.0 million under our Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of short-term borrowing of $3.0 million.

Net cash from financing activities was $0.3 million in 2015, related to proceeds from the exercise of options.

Indebtedness

On November 13, 2014, the Company entered into senior secured credit facilities (the “Debt Refinancing”) comprised of a 5-year $18.0 million term facility (the “Term Facility”), a 3-year $10.0 million revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and a $12.0 million additional term loan commitment earmarked primarily for capital expenditures (the “Capex Commitments” and together with the Term Facility and Revolving Facility, the “Credit Facilities” and such loan agreement, the “Loan Agreement”).

On December 23, 2014, the Company modified the terms of the $40.0 million Credit Facilities. The $18.0 million Term Facility was repaid and extinguished, the 3-year $10.0 million Revolving Facility remained unchanged, and the $12.0 million Capex Commitments was increased to $30.0 million. Amounts borrowed under the Capex Commitments reduce the $30.0 million available such that the borrowed funds are no longer available after repayment. Any drawn Capex Commitments will mature on the fifth anniversary of the execution of the Loan Agreement, and undrawn Capex Commitments will expire on the third anniversary of the execution of the Loan Agreement. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the commitments for the $10.0 million Revolving Facility may be increased up to $20.0 million subject to certain conditions.

On September 21, 2017, the Company further amended the Loan Agreement (the “New Loan Agreement”) which modified the $10.0 million Revolving Facility to $30.0 million and extinguished the $30.0 million Capex Commitments. The New Loan Agreement has a term of three years and the ability to increase the New Revolving Facility by $10.0 million, with borrowings bearing interest at variable rates.

The New Revolving Facility matures in September 2020 and borrowings thereunder will bear interest at variable rates depending on the Company’s election, either at a base rate or at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Subject to the Company’s leverage ratio, the applicable margin will vary between 0.75% and 1.25% for base rate loans and 1.75% and 2.25% for LIBOR loans.

The Company had $7.5 million outstanding under the existing Credit Facilities prior to closing, which was repaid with proceeds from the New Revolving Facility and cash on hand. Upon closing, the Company had $5.5 million outstanding and $24.5 million available under the New Revolving Facility.

In connection with this amendment, the Company accelerated the amortization of $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the existing Loan Agreement. These costs are included in Interest Expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2017.

The New Loan Agreement provides for the maintenance of various covenants, including financial covenants, and includes events of default that are customary for facilities of this type. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed $7.5 million under our Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of short-term borrowings of $14.5 million, and debt issuance costs of $0.3 million. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the New Loan Agreement and had no outstanding debt as of December 31, 2017. Interest expense and fees totaled $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There was less than $0.1 million of accrued interest on the Credit Facilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

40


Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table sets forth our expected contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017:

 

 

Payments Due by Period

 

 

 

Total

 

 

Less than 1 Year

 

 

Between 1-3 Years

 

 

Between 3-5 Years

 

 

More than 5 Years

 

Operating lease obligations

 

$

5,920,134

 

 

$

715,375

 

 

$

1,477,923

 

 

$

1,541,771

 

 

$

2,185,064

 

Manufacturing processing obligations

 

 

1,903,728

 

 

 

251,520

 

 

 

830,953

 

 

 

821,255

 

 

 

 

Utility servicing obligations

 

 

7,532,560

 

 

 

 

 

 

822,150

 

 

 

872,219

 

 

 

5,838,191

 

Total

 

$

15,356,422

 

 

$

966,895

 

 

$

3,131,026

 

 

$

3,235,246

 

 

$

8,023,255

 

Critical Accounting Policies

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the revenue and expenses incurred during the reported periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and share-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to our financial statements appearing in this report,executive officers, we believe that equity compensation provides our executive officers with a strong link to our long-term performance, creates an ownership culture, and helps to align the following critical accounting policies are most important to understandinginterests of our executive officers and evaluating our reported financial results.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period.

Westockholders. Further, we believe that stock options with a time-based vesting feature promote executive retention, as they incentivize our executive officers to remain employed with us for the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies related toapplicable vesting period. Accordingly, the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable underCompensation Committee (or alternatively, the circumstances. Actual results, as determined at a later date, could differ from those estimates. ToBoard) periodically reviews the extent that there are differences between our estimate and the actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

The following critical accounting policies reflect significant judgments and estimates used in preparationequity compensation of our consolidated financial statements:

Income Taxes—We account for income taxes under the assetNEOs and liability method in accordance with authoritative guidance for income taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recorded or settled. We recognize the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

At December 31, 2017, we had federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $175.0 million, which expire at various dates between 2025 and 2037. We may be subject to the NOL utilization provisions of Section 382 of the Code. The effect of an ownership change would be the imposition of an annual limitation on the use of NOL carryforwards attributable to periods before the change. The amount of the annual limitation depends upon our value immediately before the ownership change, changes to our capital during a specified period prior to the change and the federal published interest rate. Although we have not completed a Code Section 382 analysis, if we were to undergo an ownership change it is likely that the utilization of the NOLs will be substantially limited.

A valuation allowance is appropriate when management believes it is more likely than not, the deferred tax asset will not be realized. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, we determined that a valuation allowance of 100% is deemed appropriate.

41


Revenue Recognition and Incentives—Revenue from product sales is generally recognized upon shipment or delivery to our customers, at which point title and risk of loss is transferred and the selling price is fixed or determinable. This completes the revenue-earning process specifically that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, ownership has transferred, the price is fixed and collectability is reasonably assured. A provision for payment discounts and product return allowances, which is estimated based upon our historical performance, management’s experience and current economic trends, is recorded as a reduction of sales in the same period that the revenue is recognized.

Our trade incentive, consisting primarily of customer pricing allowances and merchandising funds and from time-to-time, consumer coupons are offered through various programs to customers and consumers. Sales are recorded net of estimated trade incentive spending, which is recognized as incurred at the time of sale. Accruals for expected payouts under these programs are included as accrued expense in the consolidated balance sheet. Coupon redemption costs are also recognized as reduction to calculate net sales when the coupons are issued. Estimates of trade promotion expense and coupon redemption costs are based upon programs offered, timing of those offers, estimated redemption/usage rates from historical performance, management’s experience and current economic trends.

Share-based Compensation—We account for all share-based compensation payments issued to employees, directors and nonemployees using a fair value method. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. We recognize compensation expense for the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest over the period during which the recipient renders the required services to us using the straight-line single option method.

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model which requires that we make certain assumptions regarding: (i) the expected volatility in the market price of our common stock; (ii) dividend yield; (iii) risk-free interest rate; and (iv) the period of time employees are expected to hold the award prior to exercise (referred to as the expected term).

We have outstanding share-based awards that have performance-based vesting conditions in addition to time-based vesting. Awards with performance-based vesting conditions require the achievement of certain financial and other performance criteria as a condition to the vesting. We recognize the estimated fair value of performance-based awards as share-based compensation expense over the performance period based upon our determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. At each reporting period, we reassess the probability of achieving the performance criteria and the performance period required to meet those targets. Determining whether the performance criteria will be achieved involves judgment, and the estimate of share-based compensation expense may be revised periodically based on changes in the probability of achieving the performance criteria. Revisions are reflected in the period in which the estimate is changed. If performance goals are not met, no share-based compensation expense is recognized for the cancelled shares, and, to the extent share-based compensation expense was previously recognized for those cancelled shares, such share-based compensation expense is reversed.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. In connection with this ASU, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2016-10 regarding identification of performance obligations and licensing considerations, ASU No. 2016-12 regarding narrow scope improvements and practical expedients- and ASU No. 2016-08 which clarifies the implementation of guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Topic 606 permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or modified retrospectively with the cumulative effect of applying the guidance as of the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method).

The Company will adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of 2018 using the full retrospective method approach requiring the company to adopt Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements and is limited to classification differences within the statement of operating income from cost of goods sold to a reduction to net sales. The net effect will decrease net sales for 2017 by approximately 2.6% lower than under the previous accounting standard. The new accounting standard will not impact Net Income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases,” which requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying

42


asset for the lease term. The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is assessing the impact of ASU No. 2016-02 on its corporate office lease, and upon adoption of this guidance, expects to record the lease on its consolidated balance sheet in accordance with ASU No. 2016-02.

Segment

We have determined we operate in one segment: the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of pet food and pet treats for dogs and cats.

Inflation

Our profitability is dependent, among other things, on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in the costs of key operating resources, including food and other raw materials, labor, energy and other supplies and services. Substantial increases in costs and expenses could impact our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be passed along to our customers. The impact of inflation on food, labor and energy costs can significantly affect the profitability of our Company.

While we have been able to offset inflation and other changes in the costs of key operating resources through price increases, productivity improvements and greater economies of scale, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to do so in the future. From time to time competitive conditions could limit our pricing flexibility. In addition, macroeconomic conditions could make additional price increases imprudent. There can be no assurance that all future cost increases can be offset by increased prices or that increased prices will be fully absorbed without any resulting changes in their purchasing patterns.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off balance sheet arrangements or any holdings in variable interest entities.

JOBS Act

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and,may grant awards as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

As an emerging growth company we are not required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our systems of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, (iii) comply with any requirement that may beit deems appropriate.

Our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (or 2014 Plan) was adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply until we no longer meet the requirements of being an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion ofin connection with our initial public offering, approved by our stockholders in NovemberOctober 2014 (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenue are $1.0 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than $1.0 billionand subsequently amended and restated in non-convertible debt securities or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.

ITEM 7a. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

We are sometimes exposed to market risks from changes in interest rates on debt and changes in commodity prices. Our exposure to interest rate fluctuations is limited to our outstanding indebtedness under our credit agreements, which bears

43


interest at variable rates. As of December 31, 2017, we borrowed $7.5 million under our Credit Facilities, and all was repaid as of December 31, 2017. A change in interest rates of 100 basis points would cause a $0.1 million increase or decrease in annual interest expense for every $10.0 million in borrowings.

Commodity Price Risk

We purchase certain products that are affected by commodity prices and are, therefore, subject to price volatility caused by weather, market conditions and other factors which are not considered predictable or within our control. In many cases, we believe we will be able to address material commodity cost increases by either increasing prices or reducing operating expenses. However, increases in commodity prices, without adjustments to pricing or reduction to operating expenses, could increase our operating costs as a percentage of our net sales.

44


ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

FRESHPET, INC.

INDEX TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

46

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 andSeptember 2016

47

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

48

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

49

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015

50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

51


45


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Freshpet, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Freshpet Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

Short Hills, New Jersey
March 7, 2018

46


FRESHPET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

December 31,

2017

 

 

December 31,

2016

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CURRENT ASSETS:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$

2,184,259

 

 

$

3,908,177

 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts

 

12,721,521

 

 

 

8,886,790

 

Inventories, net

 

10,118,394

 

 

 

5,402,735

 

Prepaid expenses

 

1,200,834

 

 

 

741,091

 

Other current assets

 

732,960

 

 

 

304,560

 

Total Current Assets

 

26,957,968

 

 

 

19,243,353

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

100,598,639

 

 

 

101,493,080

 

Deposits on equipment

 

4,370,922

 

 

 

3,620,444

 

Other assets

 

1,972,805

 

 

 

2,094,339

 

Total Assets

$

133,900,334

 

 

$

126,451,216

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

9,173,169

 

 

 

6,884,155

 

Accrued expenses

 

7,519,348

 

 

 

4,531,139

 

Accrued warrants

 

 

 

 

253,391

 

Borrowings under Credit Facilities

 

 

 

 

7,000,000

 

Total Current Liabilities

$

16,692,517

 

 

$

18,668,685

 

Other liabilities

 

304,839

 

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

$

16,997,356

 

 

$

18,668,685

 

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock — voting, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized,

       35,132,548 and 33,961,650 issued and outstanding on December 31, 2017

       and December 31, 2016, respectively

 

35,132

 

 

 

33,961

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

312,783,195

 

 

 

299,477,706

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(195,991,478

)

 

 

(191,729,136

)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

 

76,129

 

 

 

 

Total Stockholders' Equity

 

116,902,978

 

 

 

107,782,531

 

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

$

133,900,334

 

 

$

126,451,216

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


FRESHPET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

NET SALES

 

$

156,379,210

 

 

$

133,053,517

 

 

$

116,186,372

 

COST OF GOODS SOLD

 

 

83,963,292

 

 

 

72,682,634

 

 

 

61,537,230

 

GROSS PROFIT

 

 

72,415,918

 

 

 

60,370,883

 

 

 

54,649,142

 

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

 

 

75,167,168

 

 

 

62,585,833

 

 

 

58,296,814

 

LOSS FROM OPERATIONS

 

 

(2,751,250

)

 

 

(2,214,950

)

 

 

(3,647,672

)

OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSES):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other Income/(Expenses), net

 

 

(525,404

)

 

 

(181,850

)

 

 

448,943

 

Interest Expense

 

 

(910,492

)

 

 

(698,119

)

 

 

(454,567

)

 

 

 

(1,435,896

)

 

 

(879,969

)

 

 

(5,624

)

LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES

 

 

(4,187,146

)

 

 

(3,094,919

)

 

 

(3,653,296

)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

 

 

75,195

 

 

 

65,754

 

 

 

57,516

 

NET LOSS

 

 

(4,262,341

)

 

 

(3,160,673

)

 

 

(3,710,812

)

NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

 

$

(4,262,341

)

 

$

(3,160,673

)

 

$

(3,710,812

)

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in foreign currency translation

 

$

76,129

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

$

76,129

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 

$

(4,186,212

)

 

$

(3,160,673

)

 

$

(3,710,812

)

NET LOSS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON

   STOCKHOLDERS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-BASIC

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

(0.09

)

 

$

(0.11

)

-DILUTED

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

(0.09

)

 

$

(0.11

)

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

   OUTSTANDING USED IN COMPUTING NET LOSS PER SHARE

   ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-BASIC

 

 

34,487,239

 

 

 

33,674,416

 

 

 

33,497,940

 

-DILUTED

 

 

34,487,239

 

 

 

33,674,416

 

 

 

33,497,940

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


FRESHPET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Common Stock - Voting

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of Shares Issued

 

 

Amount

 

 

Additional Paid-in Capital

 

 

Accumulated Deficit

 

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 

 

Total Stockholders' Equity

 

BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 2014

 

33,468,342

 

 

$

33,468

 

 

$

288,216,882

 

 

$

(184,857,651

)

 

$

 

 

$

103,392,699

 

Exercise of options to purchase common stock

 

44,432

 

 

 

44

 

 

 

291,705

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

291,749

 

Issuance of restricted stock units

 

24,166

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

(24

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,976,423

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,976,423

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3,710,812

)

 

 

 

 

 

(3,710,812

)

BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 2015

 

33,536,940

 

 

$

33,537

 

 

$

292,484,986

 

 

$

(188,568,463

)

 

$

 

 

$

103,950,060

 

Exercise of options to purchase common

  stock

 

424,710

 

 

 

425

 

 

 

2,767,570

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,767,995

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,225,149

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,225,149

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3,160,673

)

 

 

 

 

 

(3,160,673

)

BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 2016

 

33,961,650

 

 

$

33,961

 

 

$

299,477,706

 

 

$

(191,729,136

)

 

$

 

 

$

107,782,531

 

Exercise of options to purchase common

  stock

 

1,073,788

 

 

 

1,074

 

 

 

8,279,386

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,280,460

 

Issuance of restricted stock units

 

59,183

 

 

 

59

 

 

 

(59

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion of warrants to common stock

 

37,927

 

 

 

38

 

 

 

587,981

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

588,019

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,438,181

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,438,181

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,262,341

)

 

 

 

 

 

(4,262,341

)

Foreign Currency Translation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

76,129

 

 

 

76,129

 

BALANCES, DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

35,132,548

 

 

$

35,132

 

 

$

312,783,195

 

 

$

(195,991,478

)

 

$

76,129

 

 

$

116,902,978

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.


FRESHPET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

 

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

$

(4,262,341

)

 

$

(3,160,673

)

 

$

(3,710,812

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision for loss/(gains) on accounts receivable

 

17,348

 

 

 

(5,164

)

 

 

11,985

 

Loss on disposal of equipment and deposits on equipment

 

103,716

 

 

 

189,531

 

 

 

93,599

 

Share-based compensation

 

4,438,181

 

 

 

4,193,490

 

 

 

3,923,857

 

Fair value adjustment for outstanding warrants

 

334,628

 

 

 

49,077

 

 

 

(502,626

)

Change in reserve for inventory obsolescence

 

291,898

 

 

 

(117,944

)

 

 

(105,022

)

Depreciation and amortization

 

12,692,355

 

 

 

9,887,168

 

 

 

7,573,535

 

Amortization of deferred financing costs and loan discount

 

426,534

 

 

 

150,272

 

 

 

144,823

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

(3,852,079

)

 

 

(1,850,907

)

 

 

(1,682,304

)

Inventories

 

(5,007,557

)

 

 

1,568,656

 

 

 

565,726

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

(797,427

)

 

 

(816,020

)

 

 

1,061,748

 

Other assets

 

(90,135

)

 

 

(398,059

)

 

 

(198,902

)

Accounts payable

 

2,682,094

 

 

 

853,854

 

 

 

192,583

 

Accrued expenses

 

2,988,209

 

 

 

2,256,582

 

 

 

(629,373

)

Other liabilities

 

304,839

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by operating activities

 

10,270,263

 

 

 

12,799,863

 

 

 

6,738,817

 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of short-term investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(7,499,205

)

Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments

 

 

 

 

3,250,000

 

 

 

4,249,205

 

Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment, software and deposits on

   equipment

 

(13,003,756

)

 

 

(29,952,536

)

 

 

(27,015,112

)

Acquisitions of land and building

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5,026,250

)

Proceeds from sale of equipment

 

 

 

 

13,442

 

 

 

30,957

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

 

(13,003,756

)

 

 

(26,689,094

)

 

 

(35,260,405

)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt issuance costs

 

(270,885

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise of options to purchase common stock

 

8,280,460

 

 

 

2,767,995

 

 

 

291,749

 

Proceeds from borrowings under Credit Facilities

 

7,500,000

 

 

 

10,000,000

 

 

 

 

Repayment of borrowings under Credit Facilities

 

(14,500,000

)

 

 

(3,000,000

)

 

 

 

Net cash flows provided by financing activities

 

1,009,575

 

 

 

9,767,995

 

 

 

291,749

 

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

(1,723,918

)

 

 

(4,121,236

)

 

 

(28,229,839

)

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR

 

3,908,177

 

 

 

8,029,413

 

 

 

36,259,252

 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD

$

2,184,259

 

 

$

3,908,177

 

 

$

8,029,413

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxes paid

$

58,885

 

 

$

76,945

 

 

$

56,353

 

Interest paid

$

519,280

 

 

$

445,277

 

 

$

332,244

 

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment purchases in accounts payable

$

1,006,178

 

 

$

1,404,550

 

 

$

2,036,114

 

Conversion of warrants to common stock

$

588,019

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

50


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Nature of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Nature of the Business – Freshpet, Inc. (hereafter referred to as “Freshpet” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, manufactures and markets natural fresh, refrigerated meals and treats for dogs and cats. The Company’s products are distributed throughout the United States and other international markets into major retail classes including Grocery and Mass (which includes club), and Online, as well as Pet Specialty, and Natural retail.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”).

Principles of Consolidation – The financial statements include the accounts of the Company as well as the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segments – The Company operates as a single operating segment reporting to its chief operating decision maker.

Estimates and Uncertainties – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results, as determined at a later date, could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – The Company at times considers money market funds and all other highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments – The Company at times holds interest-bearing certificates of deposits with financial institutions with maturities ranging from three months to one year. Certificates of deposit are classified as short-term investments and interest is recorded as other expenses, net. Historically, interest income has not been material. The Company will continue to monitor interest income and will disclose separately if significant.

Accounts Receivable – The Company records trade accounts receivable at net realizable value. This value includes an appropriate allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its history of write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Accounts receivable are written off when management deems them to be uncollectible.

Inventories – Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, using the first-in, first-out method. When necessary, the Company provides allowances to adjust the carrying value of its inventories to the lower of cost or net realizable value, including any costs to sell or dispose and consideration for obsolescence, excessive inventory levels, product deterioration and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment – Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The Company provides for depreciation on the straight-line method by charges to income at rates based upon estimated recovery periods of 7 years for furniture and office equipment, 5 years for automotive equipment, 9 years for refrigeration equipment, 5 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, and 15 to 39 years for building and improvements. Capitalized cost includes the costs incurred to bring the property, plant and equipment to the condition and location necessary for its intended use, which includes any necessary delivery, electrical and installation cost for equipment. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful life of the assets over two years are charged to expense as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the related lease or the estimated useful lives on the straight-line method.

Long-Lived Assets – The Company evaluates all long-lived assets for impairment. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future net cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Recoverability of assets held for sale is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to their fair value less estimated costs to sell. Estimating future cash flows and calculating fair value of assets requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. If the carrying amount is not fully recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carry amount to fair value, and is charged to expense in the period of impairment.

51


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income Taxes – The Company provides for deferred income taxes for temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting, principally net operating loss carryforwards, depreciation, and share-based compensation. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

A valuation allowance is appropriate when management believes it is more likely than not, the deferred tax asset will not be realized. At December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company determined that a valuation allowance of 100% is appropriate.

Revenue Recognition and Incentives – Revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment to the customers as terms are free on board (“FOB”) shipping point, at which point title and risk of loss is transferred and the selling price is fixed or determinable. This completes the revenue-earning process specifically that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, ownership has transferred, the price is fixed and collectability is reasonably assured. A provision for payment discounts and product return allowances, which is estimated based upon the Company’s historical performance, management’s experience and current economic trends, is recorded as a reduction of sales in the same period that the revenue is recognized.

Trade incentives, consisting primarily of customer pricing allowances and merchandising funds, and consumer coupons are offered through various programs to customers and consumers. Sales are recorded net of estimated trade incentive spending, which is recognized as incurred at the time of sale. Accruals for expected payouts under these programs are included as accrued expense in the consolidated balance sheet. Coupon redemption costs are also recognized as reductions of net sales when the coupons are issued. Estimates of trade promotion expense and coupon redemption costs are based upon programs offered, timing of those offers, estimated redemption/usage rates from historical performance, management’s experience and current economic trends.

Advertising – Advertising costs are expensed when incurred, with the exception of production costs which are expensed the first time advertising takes place. Advertising costs, consisting primarily of media ads, were $22,127,170, $15,374,392, and $16,302,237, in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs/Freight Out – Costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses within the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Shipping and handling costs primarily consist of costs associated with moving finished products to customers, including costs associated with our distribution center and the cost of shipping products to customers through third-party carriers. Shipping and handling cost totaled $12,892,928, $11,202,392, and $11,407,908 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Research & development Research and development costs consist of expenses to develop and test new products.  The cost are expensed as incurred.

Share-based Compensation – The Company recognizes share-based compensation based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. Share-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations included compensation expense for share-based payment awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated. Share awards are amortized under the straight-line method over the requisite service period of the entire award. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company no longer estimates expected forfeitures but accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company determines the fair value of the stock options granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments – Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).

52


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as exchange-traded instruments and listed equities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly (e.g., quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active). Level 2 includes financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flows or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable.

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The warrant liability is recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company only maintained Level 1 assets and liabilities.

Note 2 – Recently Issued Accounting Standards:

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. In connection with this ASU, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2016-10 regarding identification of performance obligations and licensing considerations, ASU No. 2016-12 regarding narrow scope improvements and practical expedients- and ASU No. 2016-08 which clarifies the implementation of guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Topic 606 permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or modified retrospectively with the cumulative effect of applying the guidance as of the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method).

The Company will adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of 2018 using the full retrospective method approach requiring the company to adopt Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements and is limited to classification differences within the statement of operating income from cost of goods sold to a reduction to net sales. The net effect will decrease net sales for 2017 by approximately 2.6% lower than under the previous accounting standard. The new accounting standard will not impact Net Income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases,” which requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is assessing the impact of ASU No. 2016-02 on its corporate office lease, and upon adoption of this guidance, expects to record the lease on its consolidated balance sheet in accordance with ASU No. 2016-02.

53


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 3 – Inventories:

Inventories are summarized as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Raw Materials and Work in Process

 

$

2,471,498

 

 

$

1,568,789

 

Packaging Components Material

 

 

804,616

 

 

 

908,771

 

Finished Goods

 

 

7,105,425

 

 

 

3,219,634

 

 

 

 

10,381,539

 

 

 

5,697,194

 

Reserve for Obsolete Inventory

 

 

(263,145

)

 

 

(294,459

)

 

 

$

10,118,394

 

 

$

5,402,735

 

Note 4 – Property, Plant and Equipment:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Refrigeration Equipment

 

$

70,489,454

 

 

$

62,603,188

 

Machinery and Equipment

 

 

47,558,838

 

 

 

45,953,884

 

Building, Land, and Improvements

 

 

25,543,568

 

 

 

25,114,611

 

Furniture and Office Equipment

 

 

4,404,735

 

 

 

3,941,995

 

Automotive Equipment

 

 

319,496

 

 

 

317,615

 

Leasehold Improvements

 

 

375,661

 

 

 

297,681

 

Construction in Progress

 

 

3,763,894

 

 

 

2,841,035

 

 

 

 

152,455,646

 

 

 

141,070,009

 

Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization

 

 

(51,857,007

)

 

 

(39,576,929

)

 

 

$

100,598,639

 

 

$

101,493,080

 

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant and equipment totaled approximately $12,441,468, $9,708,062 and $7,433,876 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively; of which $5,791,459, $4,028,022 and $2,566,013 was recorded in cost of goods sold for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively; with the remainder of depreciation and amortization expense being recorded to selling, general and administrative expense.

Due to our continued growth, the Company has completed a capital expansion project at its Freshpet Kitchens manufacturing facility to expand the plant capacity and increase distribution. Since 2015, the Company invested approximately $35.5 million in capital expenditures related to this project, with $0.3 million recorded during 2017 and $17.6 million recorded during each of 2016 and 2015. New equipment related to the capital expansion project went into service in 2016, which resulted in incremental depreciation expense of approximately $1.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2016.

Note 5 – Income Taxes:

A summary of income taxes as follows:

 

 

  

December 31,

 

2017

 

  

2016

 

  

2015

 

Current:

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Federal

$

 

  

$

  

  

$

  

State

 

75,195

 

  

 

65,754

 

  

 

57,516

  

 

$

75,195

 

  

$

65,754

  

  

$

57,516

  

The provisions for income taxes do not bear a normal relationship to loss before income taxes primarily as a result of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

54


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax is presented below:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

Tax at federal statutory rate

 

 

34.00

%

 

 

34.00

%

 

 

34.00

%

Impact of 2017 Tax Act

 

 

445.05

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State taxes, net of federal

 

 

(0.42

)

 

 

1.95

 

 

 

0.95

 

Permanent items

 

 

(5.94

)

 

 

(3.19

)

 

 

(1.33

)

Other

 

 

(0.17

)

 

 

0.54

 

 

 

(0.09

)

Valuation allowance

 

 

(474.34

)

 

 

(35.43

)

 

 

(35.11

)

Effective tax rate

 

 

(1.83

)%

 

 

(2.13

)%

 

 

(1.58

)%

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:

In assessing the realizability of the net deferred tax assets, the Company considers all relevant positive and negative evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The realization of the gross deferred tax assets is dependent on several factors, including the generation of sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the net operating loss carryforwards. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The Company has experienced taxable losses from inception. As such, there is a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Net operating loss

 

 

42,484,665

 

 

 

59,491,094

 

Stock option expense

 

 

235,994

 

 

 

3,155,006

 

Property and equipment

 

 

(8,635,268

)

 

 

(10,400,982

)

Other

 

 

680,480

 

 

 

981,050

 

Less: Valuation allowance

 

 

(34,765,871

)

 

 

(53,226,168

)

Net deferred tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

At December 31, 2017, the Company had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $174,951,283, which expire between 2025 and 2037. The Company may be subject to the net operating loss utilization provisions of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The effect of an ownership change would be the imposition of an annual limitation on the use of NOL carry forwards attributable to periods before the change. The amount of the annual limitation depends upon the value of the Company immediately before the change, changes to the Company’s capital during a specified period prior to the change, and the federal published interest rate. Although we have not completed an analysis under Section 382 of the Code, it is likely that the utilization of the NOLs will be limited.  At December 31, 2017, the Company had $143,444,509 of State NOLs which expire between 2017 and 2037, and had $1,657,143 of foreign NOLs which do not expire.  

Entities are also required to evaluate, measure, recognize and disclose any uncertain income tax provisions taken on their income tax returns. The Company has analyzed its tax positions and has concluded that as of December 31, 2017, there were, no uncertain positions. The Company’s U.S. federal and state net operating losses have occurred since its inception in 2005 and as such, tax years subject to potential tax examination could apply from that date because the utilization of net operating losses from prior years opens the relevant year to audit by the IRS and/or state taxing authorities.  Interest and penalties, if any, as they relate to income taxes assessed, are included in the income tax provision. The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and has not accrued any interest or penalties through 2017.

55


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net deferred tax assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

$

43,401,139

 

 

$

63,627,150

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(8,635,268

)

 

 

(10,400,982

)

Valuation allowance

 

 

(34,765,871

)

 

 

(53,226,168

)

Net deferred income tax assets

 

$

 

 

$

 

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 34% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, which will result in a reduction of approximately $18.9 million for the deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and other assets, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The 2017 Tax Act had no impact on tax expense primarily due to us maintaining a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. We did not identify items with the exception of Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) noted below for which the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act have not been completed and could not be reasonably estimated as of December 31, 2017, and as such, our financial results reflect the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is complete.

The Company is in the process of considering the impact of the disallowance of certain incentive based compensation tax deductibility under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) however to the extent an adjustment to the deferred tax asset is required the impact will be offset by a corresponding adjustment to the valuation allowance.

Note 6 – Accrued Expenses:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Accrued Compensation

 

$

3,877,133

 

 

$

1,895,443

 

Accrued Chiller Cost

 

 

1,371,940

 

 

 

1,010,018

 

Accrued Marketing

 

 

795,407

 

 

 

282,784

 

Accrued Freight

 

 

354,959

 

 

 

359,009

 

Accrued Utility

 

 

198,000

 

 

 

124,000

 

Accrued VAT

 

 

172,711

 

 

 

 

Accrued Leadership Transition Expenses (1)

 

 

 

 

 

428,150

 

Other Accrued Expenses

 

 

749,198

 

 

 

431,735

 

 

 

$

7,519,348

 

 

$

4,531,139

 

(1) Accrued Leadership Transition Costs represent unpaid costs detailed within our former Chief Executive Officer’s separation agreement.

Note 7 – Debt:

On November 13, 2014, the Company entered into senior secured credit facilities (the “Debt Refinancing”) comprised of a five-year $18.0 million term facility (the “Term Facility”), a three-year $10.0 million revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and a $12.0 million additional term loan commitment earmarked primarily for capital expenditures (the “Capex Commitments” and together with the Term Facility and Revolving Facility, the “Credit Facilities” and such loan agreement, the “Loan Agreement”).

On December 23, 2014, the Company repaid the outstanding $18.0 million and modified the terms of the $40.0 million Credit Facilities. The $18.0 million Term Facility was extinguished, the three-year $10.0 million Revolving Facility

56


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

remained unchanged, and the $12.0 million term loan commitment earmarked for capital expenditures was increased to $30.0 million.

On September 21, 2017, the Company amended the Loan Agreement (the “New Loan Agreement”) which modified the $10.0 million Revolving Facility to $30.0 million (the “New Revolving Facility”) and extinguished the $30.0 million Capex Commitments. The New Loan Agreement has a term of three years and the ability to increase the New Revolving Facility by $10.0 million, with borrowings bearing interest at variable rates.

The Company had $7.5 million outstanding under the existing Credit Facilities prior to closing, which was repaid with proceeds from the New Revolving Facility and cash on hand. Upon closing, the Company had $5.5 million outstanding and $24.5 million available under the New Revolving Facility. In connection with this amendment, the Company accelerated the amortization of $0.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the existing Loan Agreement. These costs are included in Interest Expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2017.

The New Revolving Facility matures in September 2020 and borrowings thereunder will bear interest at variable rates depending on the Company’s election, either at a base rate or at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Subject to the Company’s leverage ratio, the applicable margin will vary between 0.75% and 1.25% for base rate loans and 1.75% and 2.25% for LIBOR loans.

The New Loan Agreement provides for the maintenance of various covenants, including financial covenants, and includes events of default that are customary for facilities of this type.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed $7.5 million under our Credit Facilities, partially offset by repayments of short-term borrowing of $14.5 million, and debt issuance costs of $0.3 million. The Company was in compliance with all the covenants in the New Loan Agreement and had no outstanding debt as of December 31, 2017. Interest expense and fees totaled $0.9 million, $0.7 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. There was less than $0.1 million of accrued interest on the Credit Facilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies:

Commitments – The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through June 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2017, future minimum rentals due under these leases for the next five years were as follows:

 

  

December 31,
2017

 

2018

  

 $

966,895

  

2019

  

 

1,531,129

  

2020

 

 

1,599,897

 

2021

 

 

1,637,059

 

2022

 

 

1,598,186

 

2023 and thereafter

 

 

8,023,255

 

 

  

$

15,356,422

  

Rent expense related to these non-cancelable operating leases was $480,349, $473,853, and $393,718 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Certain of the Company’s executives are covered by employment contracts requiring the Company to pay severance in the event of certain terminations.

Note 9 – Warrant:

In connection with a loan transaction with a bank prior to 2011, and in consideration thereof, the Company issued to a bank a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 61,117 shares of voting common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $6.28 per share. The warrant was recorded as a liability with adjustments to fair value recorded in the statement of operations.

57


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The warrant was exercised upon surrender to the Company, on a net basis, such that, without the exchange of any funds, such holder purchased that number of shares otherwise issuable upon exercise of its warrant less that number of shares having a current market price at the time of exercise equal to the aggregate exercise price that would otherwise have been paid by such holder upon the exercise of the warrant.

The outstanding warrants were converted to common stock in September 2017. Upon conversion, the fair value of the warrant of $588,019 was recorded to additional paid in capital and common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2017, prior to conversion, the Company recorded expense of $334,628 in the statement of operations.

Note 10 – Equity Incentive Plans:

Total compensation cost for share-based payments recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was approximately $4,438,181, $4,225,149, and $3,976,423, respectively. Cost of goods sold the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 included share-based compensation of approximately $243,063, $221,559, and $201,086, respectively. Selling, general, and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 included share-based compensation of approximately $4,195,118, $3,971,930, and $3,722,770, respectively. Capital expenditures recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 for the Freshpet Kitchens expansion project included share-based compensation of approximately $31,660 and $52,566 respectively.

2006 Stock Plan—In December 2006, the Company approved the 2006 Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”) under which options to purchase approximately 624,223 shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to employees and affiliates of the Company. These options are time-based (vest over five years). Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the 2006 Plan). At December 31, 2017, there were zero shares available for grant as the plan is frozen.

2010 Stock Plan—In December 2010, the Company approved the 2010 Stock Plan (the “2010 Plan”) under which options to purchase approximately 2,146,320shares of the Company’s common stock were granted to employees and affiliates of the Company (in 2012, the 2010 Plan was amended to allow for option to purchase approximately 2,220,280 shares of the Company’s common stock). These options are either time-based (vest over four years), performance-based (vest when performance targets are met, as defined in the stock option grant agreement), or vest at the occurrence of an exit event which is defined as a Change of Control in the Company or an initial public offering registered under the Securities Act, as defined in the stock grant agreement.

In December 2016, the Company modified 419,366 of its performance-based awards to time-based awards that vest over two years. At the time of the December 2016 modification the performance-based awards’ vesting criteria was not considered probable. All modified awards were fair valued on the modification date. As of December 31, 2016, the vesting of any remaining performance-based awards which were not modified in December 2016 is not considered probable of vesting and accordingly the Company has not recognized the related compensation expense.

The options granted have maximum contractual terms of 10 years. The Board of Directors froze the 2010 Stock Plan such that no further grants may be issued under the 2010 Stock Plan.

2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan—In November 2014, the Company approved the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) under which 1,479,200 shares of common stock may be issued or used for reference purposes as awards grantedissuance under the 2014 Plan. In September 2016, theThe 2014 Plan was again amended and restated in September 2020 to allowincrease the number of shares available for issuance and to add key provisions designed to protect stockholder interests, promote effective corporate governance and reflect the grantinguse of an additional 2,500,000 sharescorporate governance best practices. Each of commonour NEOs is eligible to participate in our 2014 Plan. Our 2014 Plan allows for awards of tax-qualified incentive stock to be issued or used for reference purposes as awards granted, for a total of 3,979,200 shares. These awards may be in the form ofoptions, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other stock-based awards, and other cash-based awards to our directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors.

The Compensation Committee (or alternatively, the Board) determines the size and vesting terms of all awards made under our 2014 Plan and administers all other aspects of the plan. In 2020, the Compensation Committee took into account a number of factors when making awards under our 2014 Plan, including, among others, the eligible employee’s expected contribution to the long-term success of the Company and information gathered by the Compensation Committee regarding compensation paid to similarly situated executives at companies in our compensation peer group, as well as the amounts of outstanding stock options that each NEO held at such time.
23

In 2020, we granted Messrs. Morris, Kassar, and Weise and Ms. Pomerantz stock options to purchase shares of our common stock under our 2014 Plan in amounts of 15,618, 8,220, 4,932, and 9,864, respectively, 50% of which are scheduled to vest and become exercisable in equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date and 50% of which are scheduled to vest and become exercisable annually on a sliding scale according to the achievement of adjusted EBITDA performance-based conditions (and in each case subject to the NEO’s continued employment with us). In 2020, we also granted Mr. Walsh 59,932 stock options to purchase shares of our common stock under our 2014 Plan, 39,932 of which vest and become exercisable in equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date and 20,000 of which are scheduled to vest and become exercisable following the achievement of certain annual net sales goals in the 2023 calendar year (and in each case subject to Mr. Walsh’s continued employment with us). Mr. Cyr did not receive an annual incentive equity grant in April 2020 as he had previously been granted a multi-year grant designed to replace all subsequent grants until the completion of that program at the end of 2020.
In December 2020, we made multi-year grants of stock options under our 2014 Plan to Messrs. Cyr, Morris, and Weise and Ms. Pomerantz in amounts of 273,439, 205,079, 136,719, and 136,719, respectively as well as an additional grant of 306,250 stock options to three other share-basedsenior officers under our 2014 Plan. These grants are designed to align the most senior management of the Company with the new, long-term goals established by the Company in early 2020, and cash-based awards. As ofcover a four-year performance period ending December 31, 2017,2024. The Committee will not make any additional grants to these individuals during this performance period. For the awards granted were eitherNEOs, the grants are 75% performance-based and 25% time-based (cliff vest over three years), performance-based (vest whenand the performance targets are met,in excess of the long-term goals communicated to investors. For competitive reasons, we are not disclosing the specific goals and instead they will be disclosed upon the conclusion of the four-year performance period. For additional information, see “—Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End.”
The December 2020 grants were timed to coincide with the end of the performance period for the 2016 grants made to Messrs. Cyr, Morris, Kassar and Weise. The Committee chose to vest 100% of the options issued pursuant to the 2016 grants based on the Company’s performance in 2020, the performance year for the grants. Vesting conditions for the 2016 grants were determined based on the Company’s achievement of specific financial metrics established in 2016 and amended prior to 2020 to account for the Board’s directive to focus on driving top line sales as a significant value creation metric in addition to profitability. The results were calculated using the same metrics and methods used in determining the annual bonus for all employees.
In the four years covered by the 2016 grants, the Company grew its sales 2.5x, its Adj. EBITDA 2.6x, and the market cap of the Company grew more than 20x – making Freshpet one of the top 1% of all U.S. publicly traded companies in terms of shareholder value creation over that time period. This provided confirmation that the program delivered on its intended objectives.
Other Compensation
In addition to base salary and annual and long-term performance-based compensation, our NEOs are also eligible for the following benefits on a similar basis as our other eligible employees:
health, dental, and vision insurance;
paid time off, including vacation, personal holidays, and sick days;
life insurance and supplemental life insurance; and
short-term and long-term disability insurance.
Retirement Benefits
We maintain a 401(k) retirement savings plan (or 401(k) Plan) under which all of our employees (including our NEOs) are eligible to participate beginning on the first day of the month after their employment with us begins. The 401(k) Plan includes a deferral feature under which a participant may elect to defer his or her compensation by up to the statutorily prescribed IRS limits. Currently, we also match participant contributions to the 401(k) Plan up to 4% of the participant’s annual eligible earnings. We believe that providing a vehicle for retirement savings through our 401(k) Plan, and making matching contributions, adds to the overall desirability of our executive compensation program and further incentivizes our NEOs in accordance with our compensation policies.
24

Other than the 401(k) Plan, we do not maintain any pension plans or non-qualified deferred compensation plans for the benefit of our employees or other service providers.
Employment Agreements with NEOs
The Company is party to an employment agreement with each of Messrs. Cyr, Morris, Kassar, Weise and Walsh. Each agreement provides for an initial term of one year and for automatic one-year extensions beginning on the expiration of the initial term. Any automatic extension may be cancelled upon at least 90 days’ prior written notice from the respective NEO or the Company. Under their agreements, Messrs. Cyr, Morris, Kassar, Weise and Walsh are entitled to receive minimum annual base salaries of $600,000, $400,000, $302,500, $312,394, and $270,000, respectively, subject to annual review by the Board. Further, Messrs. Cyr, Morris, Kassar, Weise and Walsh have the opportunity to earn annual target bonuses equal to at least 75%, 60%, 50%, 40% and 35%, respectively, of their base salaries. Each executive is also entitled to participate in the Company’s employee and fringe benefit plans as may be in effect from time to time on the same basis as other employees of the Company generally. The Company is also party to an offer letter with Ms. Pomerantz, which is described further below.
Employee Agreement with William Cyr
The Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Cyr in July 2016. In the event of a termination of Mr. Cyr’s employment by the Company without “cause,” or by Mr. Cyr for “good reason” (each as defined in his employment agreement), he is generally eligible to receive, subject to his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims against the Company: (i) an amount equal to (A) one and one-half times the sum of his (x) base salary and (y) target bonus for a period of 18 months, payable in equal monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practice; and (ii) Company payment of premiums (at active employee rates) for continuation of group health coverage for him and his eligible dependents for 18 months. In the event of a termination of Mr. Cyr’s employment due to “permanent disability” (as defined in his employment agreement), he is generally eligible to receive, subject to his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims against the Company, Company payment of premiums (at active employee rates) for continuation of group health coverage for him and his eligible dependents for 18 months.
Mr. Cyr’s employment agreement contains a cutback provision for “parachute payments” under Internal Revenue Code (or Code) Section 280G, under which he may receive a cutback of certain change-in-control payments in order to avoid any excise tax or loss of deduction under Code Section 280G, if the cutback would result (after factoring any potential excise taxes under Section 280G) in a larger after-tax payment to Mr. Cyr.
Mr. Cyr’s employment agreement contains the following restrictive covenants: (i) a non-compete covenant that prohibits him from competing against the Company for 24 months after employment; (ii) non-solicit covenants that prohibit him from actively soliciting the Company’s employees, customers, or suppliers during employment and for 24 months after employment; and (iii) a perpetual confidentiality covenant that protects the Company’s proprietary information, developments, and other intellectual property.
Employment Agreements with Scott Morris, Richard Kassar, Stephen Weise and Cathal Walsh
The Company entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Morris, Kassar and Walsh in October 2014, and with Mr. Weise in July 2015. Under the agreements, in the event of a termination of the NEO by the Company without “cause,” by the NEO for “good reason,” or due to “permanent disability” (each as defined in the stock option grant agreement)respective employment agreements), each NEO is generally eligible to receive, subject to his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims against the Company: (i) an amount equal to 12 months of the NEO’s base salary in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practice; (ii) Company payment of premiums (at active employee rates) for continuation of group health coverage for the NEO and his eligible dependents for 12 months; and (iii) only in the event of a termination by the Company without “cause” or restricted stock units (employee RSUs cliff vest over three yearsby the NEO for “good reason” after June 30th during any year in which the employment agreement is effective, a pro-rated annual incentive award based on actual performance for the year in which termination occurs.
25

Each of the employment agreements with Messrs. Morris, Kassar, Weise and non-employee director RSUs cliff vest over one year).

AtWalsh contains a cutback provision for “parachute payments” under Code Section 280G, under which the NEO may receive a cutback of certain change-in-control payments in order to avoid any excise tax or loss of deduction under Code Section 280G, if the cutback would result (after factoring any potential excise taxes under Section 280G) in a larger after-tax payment to the NEO.

Each of the employment agreements with Messrs. Morris, Kassar, Weise and Walsh contains the following restrictive covenants: (i) a non-compete covenant that prohibits the NEO from competing against the Company for 12 months after employment; (ii) non-solicit covenants that prohibit the NEO from actively soliciting the Company’s employees, customers, or suppliers during employment and for 12 months after employment; and (iii) a perpetual confidentiality covenant that protects the Company’s proprietary information, developments, and other intellectual property.
Offer Letter with Heather Pomerantz
The Company entered into an offer letter with Ms. Pomerantz in December 31, 2017, there were 2,173,343 shares2019. The offer letter required that Ms. Pomerantz enter into the Company’s confidentiality and no-hire agreement, which includes customary confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions that extend for 12 months after termination or resignation of common stock availableemployment with the Company.
Richard Kassar Transition of Employment
In connection with Mr. Kassar’s transition to Vice Chairman of the Company on September 30, 2020, Mr. Kassar’s compensation was reduced to 50% of his previous compensation to reflect his reduced responsibilities with the Company. This reduction resulted in Mr. Kassar’s annual base salary being reduced to $160,000 and target annual incentive being reduced to $80,000. While he serves as Vice Chairman, Mr. Kassar will continue to receive equity grants and will be eligible to participate in all Company benefit plans. Beginning on July 1, 2021, Mr. Kassar will become a consultant to the Company, and he will no longer be eligible to participate in Company benefit plans (other than pursuant to COBRA).
Policy Prohibiting Hedging
We consider it improper and inappropriate for our directors, officers, and other employees at or above the Vice President level to engage in any transactions that hedge or offset, or are designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the value of our securities. As such, we have implemented a policy that prohibits our directors, officers, and other employees at or above the Vice President level from engaging in any speculative or hedging transactions or any other transactions that are designed to offset any decrease in the value of our securities.
Accounting Considerations
We consider the accounting impact reflected in our financial statements when establishing the amounts and forms of executive compensation. The forms of compensation that we select are intended to be issued or used for reference purposes under the 2014 Plan.

NASDAQ Marketplace Rules Inducement Award—During the year ended December 31, 2016, 500,000 service period stock options and 500,000 performance-based stock options were granted to the Company’s CEO as an inducement under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. Under the terms of the agreement, the grant is governed as if issued under the

58


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2014 Omnibus Plan. As of December 31, 2016, the awards granted were time-based (cliff vest over four years) and performance-based (vest when performance targets are met, as defined in the stock option grant agreement).

Service Period Stock OptionsA summary of service period stock options outstanding and changes under the plans during the year ended December 31, 2017 is presented below:

Options

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted Average Exercise Price

 

 

Average Remaining Contractual Term

 

 

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

 

 

2,788,285

 

 

$

8.61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

340,618

 

 

 

11.00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(1,073,788

)

 

 

7.71

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

(17,073

)

 

 

10.15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 

(7,776

)

 

 

9.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

 

 

2,030,266

 

 

$

9.47

 

 

 

6.6

 

 

$

19,323,665

 

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

 

 

677,849

 

 

$

9.87

 

 

 

5.8

 

 

$

6,242,098

 

All of the options exercisable at December 31, 2017 were in-the-money, whichcost-efficient. We account for the entire aggregate intrinsic value. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $8,081,050, $1,467,076, and $531,962, respectively.

A summary of the nonvested service period stock options as of December 31, 2017, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017, is presented below:

 

 

Number of Options

 

 

Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share

 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2016

 

 

1,346,503

 

 

$

5.04

 

Granted

 

 

340,618

 

 

 

5.61

 

Vested

 

 

(317,631

)

 

 

5.28

 

Forfeited

 

 

(17,073

)

 

 

5.30

 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2017

 

 

1,352,417

 

 

$

5.12

 

As of December 31, 2017, there was $4,874,172 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested service period options, ofall awards settled in equity in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, under which $2,791,187 will be incurred in 2018, $1,471,586 will be incurred in 2019, and the remaining $611,400 will be incurred in 2020.

Performance Based OptionsPerformance based option vesting is contingent upon the Company achieving certain annual or cumulative revenue goals. A summary of performance-based stock options outstanding and changes under the plans during the year ended December 31, 2017 is presented below:

Options

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted Average Exercise Price

 

 

Average Remaining Contractual Term

 

 

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

 

 

1,357,561

 

 

$

10.24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

253,240

 

 

 

13.62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

(456,408

)

 

 

11.46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

 

 

1,154,393

 

 

$

10.50

 

 

 

8.4

 

 

$

9,755,757

 

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

 

 

39,253

 

 

$

9.05

 

 

 

8.4

 

 

$

388,618

 

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FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A summary of the nonvested performance-based options as of December 31, 2017, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017, is presented below:

 

 

Number of Options

 

 

Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share

 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2016

 

 

1,357,561

 

 

$

7.47

 

Granted

 

 

253,240

 

 

 

6.66

 

Vested

 

 

(39,253

)

 

 

4.52

 

Forfeited

 

 

(456,408

)

 

 

7.72

 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2017

 

 

1,115,140

 

 

$

7.28

 

In the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the achievement of certain vesting criteria related to some of the Company’s performance-based awards under the 2010 and 2014 plans was considered no longer probable. The Company reversed $56,815 and $2,573,484 in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

As of December 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs related to the 477,624 performance-based awards for which the achievement of the vesting criteria is considered probable as of December 31, 2017 have performance target dates ranging from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2020. There was approximately $1,848,245 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested performance-based options for which the achievement of the vesting criteria is considered probable as of December 31, 2018, of which $738,267 will be incurred in 2018, $554,343 will be incurred in 2019, and the remaining $555,635 will be incurred in 2020.

Restricted Stock UnitsThe following table includes activity related to outstanding restricted stock units during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Unit

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

 

 

97,515

 

 

$

9.05

 

Granted

 

 

130,321

 

 

 

11.54

 

Issued Upon Vesting

 

 

(59,183

)

 

 

9.05

 

Forfeited

 

 

(3,413

)

 

 

9.99

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

 

 

165,240

 

 

$

10.99

 

As of December 31, 2017, there was approximately $1,200,973 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock units, of which $625,775 will be incurred in 2018, $426,707 will be incurred in 2019, and $148,490 will be incurred in 2020.

Grant Date Fair Value of Options—The weighted average grant date fair value of options (servicethe grant, net of estimated forfeitures, is expensed over the service/vesting period options and performance based options) granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $6.06, $5.09 and $7.66 per share, respectively.

Expected Volatility—For the grants during the year ended December 31, 2013, the expected volatility was based on the historical volatilitynumber of options, shares, or units, as applicable, that vest. The estimated payout amount of performance awards, along with any changes in that estimate, is recognized over the performance period under “liability” accounting. Our ultimate expense for performance awards will equal the value earned by/paid to the award recipients.

26

Tax Considerations; Deductibility of Compensation; Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
When setting executive compensation, we consider many factors, such as attracting and retaining executives and providing appropriate performance incentives. We also consider the after-tax cost to the Company in establishing executive compensation programs, both individually and in the aggregate, but tax deductibility is not our sole consideration. Section 162(m) of the Company’s common stock.

Code generally disallows a federal income tax deduction to public companies for annual compensation over $1 million (per individual) paid to their chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and the next three most highly compensated executive officers (as well as certain other officers who were covered employees in years after 2016). The Company utilized its historical stock price as an indicator of volatility for all grants prior to 2013. The grants during 2014 all occurred while the Company was publicly traded. Subsequent to the IPO, we no longer deemed it appropriate to use historical volatility as it was not representative2017 Tax Act eliminated most of the Company’s stock onexceptions from the public market.$1 million deduction limit, except for certain arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017. As such expected volatility that was utilized was based upon the volatility of a group of similar entities, referred to as “guideline” companies. As Freshpet has more historical data based on more time as a public company, the historical volatility of Freshpet becomes a more significant input.

Weighted Average Expected Term—The Company determined the expected term based on the “shortcut method” described in FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (an expected term based on the midpoint between the vesting date and the endresult, most of the contractual term).

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FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rates are based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a period consistent with the expected term of the option in effect at the time of the grant.

Expected Dividend Yield—The Company has not historically declared dividends, and no future dividends are expectedcompensation payable to be available to benefit option holders. Accordingly, the Company used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

2017

 

 

 

2016

 

 

 

2015

 

Weighted average exercise price of options granted

 

$

12.12

 

 

$

9.71

 

 

$

17.00

 

Expected volatility

 

45.6% - 50.1%

 

 

52.6% - 53.2%

 

 

45.6%

 

Average expected terms in years

 

6.5 - 6.6

 

 

5.3 - 7.2

 

 

5.4 - 6.4

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

1.92% - 1.93%

 

 

1.26% - 1.36%

 

 

1.60%

 

Expected dividend yield

 

0.0%

 

 

0.0%

 

 

0.0%

 

Note 11 – Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders:

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common share outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share, due to the fact that potentially dilutive securities would have an antidilutive effect as the Company incurred a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2014.

In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, there were no reconciling items between Net Loss/Income and Net Loss attributable to common stockholders.

The potentially dilutive securities excluded from the determination of diluted loss per share, as their effect is antidilutive, are as follows:

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

Service Period Stock Options

 

 

2,559,532

 

 

 

2,299,468

 

 

 

1,991,209

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

 

148,150

 

 

 

65,439

 

 

 

 

Performance

 

 

39,253

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Warrants

 

 

 

 

 

61,117

 

 

 

61,117

 

Total

 

 

2,746,935

 

 

 

2,426,024

 

 

 

2,052,326

 

Note 12 – Retirement Plan:

The Company sponsors a safe harbor 401(k) plan covering all employees. All employees are eligible to participate. Active participants in the plan may make contributions of up to 50% of their compensation, subject to certain limitations. Company contributions totaled approximately $594,627 in 2017, $497,731 in 2016, and $380,357 in 2015.

Note 13 – Related Party Transactions:

Payments made to a privately held entity, who is a stockholder of the Company, for the purchase of raw materials totaled approximately $9,069,618 in 2017, $6,565,384 in 2016, and $6,068,038 in 2015. The Company believes that all payments made to the shareholder are at market value and thus at arms-length.

Note 14 – Concentrations:

Concentration of Credit Risk—The Company maintains its cash balances in financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000 each. At times, such balances may beour NEOs in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

61


FRESHPET, INC.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Major Customers—In 2017, 2016, and 2015, net sales$1 million per person in a year will not be fully deductible.

Compensation Risk Assessment
As a publicly traded company, we are subject to one of our distributors which sells directlySEC rules regarding risk assessment. Those rules require a publicly traded company to three of our customers, accounted for 18%, 23%, and 22% of our net sales, respectively. In both 2017 and 2016, no customers accounted for 10% of our net sales, while for the same period in 2015, one customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales.

Major Suppliers—The Company purchased approximately 24%determine whether any of its raw materials from one vendor during 2017, approximately 23%existing incentive compensation plans, programs, or arrangements create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. We do not believe that our incentive compensation plans, programs, or arrangements create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Freshpet.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth above. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the Board of its raw materials from one vendor during 2016,Directors that the Compensation Discussion and approximately 34% of its raw materials from two vendors during 2015.

Of the finished goods product volume not manufactured by us, the Company also purchased approximately 88% of its finished goods from three vendorsAnalysis be included in 2017, approximately 89% from four vendors in 2016,this Annual Report and approximately 90% from three vendors in 2015.

The Company purchased approximately 91% of its packaging material from three vendors during 2017, 84% of its packaging material from three vendors during 2016, and approximately 64% of its packaging material from three vendors during 2015.

Net Sales by Class of Retailour Proxy Statement.

The Compensation Committee of Freshpet, Inc.,
Daryl G. Brewster (Chair)
Jacki S. Kelley
Leta D. Priest
27

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION TABLES
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth net sales by classthe compensation for 2020 for each NEO. Compensation information for 2019 and 2018 is presented for individuals who were also our NEOs in those years.
Name and
Principal Position
Year
Salary
($)(1)
Options
($)(2)
Non-Equity Incentive
Plan Compensation
($)(3)
All Other
Compensation
($)(4)
Total
($)
William B. Cyr(5)
2020600,000
14,701,112(6)
545,94011,40015,858,452 
Chief Executive Officer2019600,000555,75011,2001,166,950 
 2018600,000562,50053,4861,215,986 
Scott Morris
2020475,000
11,342,468(7)
288,13511,40012,117,003 
President and2019415,000311,22011,200737,420 
Chief Operating Officer2018400,000300,00011,000711,000 
Heather Pomerantz
Chief Financial Officer
2020400,000
7,972,163(8)
196,1069,8468,578,115 
Stephen L. Weise
2020285,000
7,450,526(9)
112,25411,4007,859,180 
Executive Vice President,2019279,375140,568139,55511,200570,698 
Operations2018270,000305,099135,00011,000721,099 
Cathal Walsh
2020285,0003,204,674103,7673,593,441 
Managing Director Europe2019333,269139,846119,949593,064 
 2018312,394132,835117,031562,260 
Richard Kassar
2020
282,000(10)
166,65680,88011,400540,936 
Vice Chairman, formerly2019310,000227,816192,96911,200741,985 
Chief Financial Officer2018302,500508,489189,06311,0001,011,052 
(1)Amounts reflect base salary earned during the year, including any amounts voluntarily deferred under our qualified 401(k) plan.
(2)Amounts reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of options granted in the year computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 and are based on the valuation assumptions described in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report.
(3)Amounts for 2020 reflect cash awards earned by our NEOs under the Company’s 2020 annual incentive plan. Please see “Annual Incentive Awards” in the CD&A above for further information about our 2020 annual incentive plan.
(4)Amounts for 2020 reflect all other compensation for each of our NEOs, including a matching Company contribution under our 401(k) plan.
(5)Mr. Cyr also serves as a member of the Board but does not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director.
(6)Grant date fair value of awards granted to Mr. Cyr assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance conditions is $19,933,703.
(7)Grant date fair value of awards granted to Mr. Morris assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance conditions is $15,266,905.
(8)Grant date fair value of awards granted to Ms. Pomerantz assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance conditions is $10,588,446.
(9)Grant date fair value of awards granted to Mr. Weise assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance conditions is $10,066,808.
(10)Reflects a reduction in Mr. Kassar’s base salary effective September 30, 2020 in relation to his new advisory role as Vice Chairman. Please see “Richard Kassar Transition of Employment” in the CD&A above for further information.
28

2020 Grants of retail.

Plan-Based Awards

 

 

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

Grocery (including Online), Mass and Club

 

$

126,437,742

 

 

$

104,708,513

 

 

$

89,131,925

 

Pet Specialty and Natural

 

 

29,941,468

 

 

 

28,345,003

 

 

 

27,054,447

 

Net Sales

 

$

156,379,210

 

 

$

133,053,517

 

 

$

116,186,372

 

Note 15 – Unaudited Quarterly Results:

Unaudited quarterly results

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to grants of plan-based awards to our NEOs during 2020. Please see “Annual Incentive Awards” in the CD&A above for additional information about the years endednon-equity incentive plan awards reflected in the table below. Please see the “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” table below for additional information about the vesting parameters that are applicable to equity awards reflected in the table immediately below.
   
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards
Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards
   
Name
Award Type
Grant Date
Threshold
($)
Target
($)
Maximum
($)
Threshold
(#)
Target
(#)
Maximum
(#)
All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options
(#)
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards
($/Sh)
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards
($)
William B. CyrAnnual Incentive540,000
 Performance-Vesting Options12/24/202082,032205,079205,079142.7914,950,259
 Time-Vesting Options12/24/202068,360142.794,983,444
Scott MorrisAnnual Incentive285,000
 Performance-Vesting Options12/24/202061,524153,809153,809142.7911,212,676
 Time-Vesting Options12/24/202051,270142.793,737,583
 Performance-Vesting Options4/1/20201,3027,8097,80963.8779,161
 Time-Vesting Options4/1/20207,80963.87237,484
Heather PomerantzAnnual Incentive193,972
 Performance-Vesting Options12/24/202041,016102,539102,539142.797,475,093
 Time-Vesting Options12/24/202034,180142.792,491,722
 Performance-Vesting Options4/1/20208224,9324,93263.87149,990
 Time-Vesting Options4/1/20204,93263.8749,997
 Time-Vesting Options1/12/202015,00060.70421,644
Stephen L. WeiseAnnual Incentive114,000
 Performance-Vesting Options12/24/202041,016102,539102,539142.797,475,093
 Time-Vesting Options12/24/202034,180142.792,491,722
 Performance-Vesting Options4/1/20204112,4662,46663.8724,998
 Time-Vesting Options4/1/20202,46663.8774,995
Cathal WalshAnnual Incentive99,750
 Performance-Vesting Options10/1/202020,00020,00020,000111.651,110,794
 Time-Vesting Options10/1/202035,000111.651,943,890
 Time-Vesting Options4/1/20204,93263.87149,990
Richard KassarAnnual Incentive 80,000 (1)    
 Performance-Vesting Options4/1/20206854,1104,11063.8441,664
 Time-Vesting Options4/1/20204,11063.87124,992
(1)Mr. Kassar’s base target annual incentive was revised from $120,000, in relation to his new advisory role as Vice Chairman. Please see “Richard Kassar Transition of Employment” in the CD&A above for further information.
29

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to outstanding equity awards at December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were as follows:

 

 

First

Quarter

 

 

Second

Quarter

 

 

Third

Quarter

 

 

Fourth

Quarter

 

2017:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

 

34,513,935

 

 

 

39,968,983

 

 

 

41,199,780

 

 

 

40,696,512

 

Income/(loss) from operations

 

 

(2,740,471

)

 

 

(1,827,121

)

 

 

199,024

 

 

 

1,617,318

 

Net Income/(loss)

 

 

(2,879,525

)

 

 

(2,652,162

)

 

 

(245,548

)

 

 

1,514,895

 

Net Income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders

 

 

(2,879,525

)

 

 

(2,652,162

)

 

 

(245,548

)

 

 

1,514,895

 

Basic earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.09

)

 

 

(0.08

)

 

 

(0.01

)

 

 

0.04

 

Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.09

)

 

 

(0.08

)

 

 

(0.01

)

 

 

0.04

 

2016:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

 

31,453,700

 

 

 

33,002,209

 

 

 

34,536,151

 

 

 

34,061,456

 

Income/(loss) from operations

 

 

(1,599,195

)

 

 

(2,974,942

)

 

 

808,196

 

 

 

1,550,989

 

Net Income/(loss)

 

 

(1,771,802

)

 

 

(3,243,002

)

 

 

620,730

 

 

 

1,233,400

 

Net Income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders

 

 

(1,771,802

)

 

 

(3,243,002

)

 

 

620,730

 

 

 

1,233,400

 

Basic earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.05

)

 

 

(0.10

)

 

 

0.02

 

 

 

0.04

 

Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.05

)

 

 

(0.10

)

 

 

0.02

 

 

 

0.04

 

2015:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

 

27,054,674

 

 

 

28,359,404

 

 

 

30,570,506

 

 

 

30,201,788

 

Income/(loss) from operations (1)

 

 

(2,424,578

)

 

 

(2,078,083

)

 

 

(2,013,698

)

 

 

2,868,688

 

Net Income/(loss) (1)

 

 

(2,587,074

)

 

 

(2,228,650

)

 

 

(1,675,350

)

 

 

2,780,262

 

Net Income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders (1)

 

 

(2,587,074

)

 

 

(2,228,650

)

 

 

(1,675,350

)

 

 

2,780,262

 

Basic earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.08

)

 

 

(0.07

)

 

 

(0.05

)

 

 

0.08

 

Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share

 

 

(0.08

)

 

 

(0.07

)

 

 

(0.05

)

 

 

0.08

 

(1)

Fourth quarter 2015 results include the reversal of $2.6 million of share-based compensation expense related to performance-based awards. See Note 10.


ITEM 9. — CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9a. CONTROL AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation2020. Vesting of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a companyawards reflected in the reports that it files or submits undertable is generally subject to continuous service with the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specifiedCompany, with accelerated vesting in certain circumstances, as reflected in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicatedfootnotes to the company’s management, including its principaltable.

Name
Grant Date
 
Number of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised Options
Exercisable (#)
  
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised Options
Unexercisable (#)
  
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of
Securities Underlying
Unexercised Unearned
Options (#)
  
Option
Exercise
Price ($)
  
Option
Expiration Date
William B. Cyr9/6/2016  1,000,000         10.23  9/6/2026
 12/24/2020     68,360 (1)  205,079 (2)  142.79  12/24/2030
Scott Morris9/27/2016  133,000         9.05  9/27/2026
 4/3/2017  82,790         11.00  4/3/2027
 4/1/2020  2,603   7,809 (3)  5,206 (4)  63.87  4/1/2030
 12/24/2020     51,270 (1)  153,809 (2)  142.79  12/24/2030
Heather Pomerantz1/12/2020     15,000 (3)     60.70  1/12/2030
 4/1/2020  1,644   4,932 (3)  3,288 (4)  63.87  4/1/2030
 12/24/2020     34,180 (1)  102,539 (2)  142.79  12/24/2030
Stephen L. Weise5/10/2016  26,945         9.05  5/10/2026
 9/27/2016  53,200         8.90  9/27/2026
 4/3/2017  23,173         11.00  4/3/2027
 3/30/2018  13,409   2,683 (5)     16.45  3/30/2028
 4/1/2019  3,531   2,357 (6)  1,178 (4)  42.29  4/1/2029
 4/1/2020  822   2,466 (3)  1,644 (4)  63.87  4/1/2030
 12/24/2020     34,180 (1)  102,539 (2)  142.79  12/24/2030
Cathal Walsh5/10/2016  20,463         9.05  5/10/2026
 4/3/2017  23,173         11.00  4/3/2027
 3/30/2018  10,726   5,366 (5)     16.45  3/30/2028
 4/1/2019  2,273   4,547 (6)     42.29  4/1/2029
 4/1/2020     4,932 (3)     63.87  4/1/2030
 10/1/2020     35,000 (7)      111.65  10/1/2030
 10/1/2020        20,000 (8)    10/1/2030
Richard Kassar9/27/2016  79,800         8.90  9/27/2026
 4/3/2017  18,940         11.00  4/3/2027
 3/30/2018  9,723      4,471 (4)  16.45  3/30/2028
 4/1/2019  5,722   3,817 (6)  1,908 (4)  42.29  4/1/2029
 4/1/2020  1,370   4,110 (3)  2,740 (4)  63.87  4/1/2030
(1)Scheduled to vest annually in approximately equal installments on the first four anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment, with accelerated pro rata vesting upon a termination of employment by the Company without cause or upon a resignation by the executive for good reason (as defined in the grant agreement) within two years after a change in control of the Company.
(2)Eligible to vest on a sliding scale based upon the achievement of performance goals upon the conclusion of a four-year performance period, subject to continued employment, with (a) the opportunity to vest in a pro rata portion upon an involuntary termination other than for cause, based on actual Company performance through the end of the performance period, and (b) the opportunity to vest in part or in full upon a termination of employment by the Company without cause or upon a resignation by the executive for good reason (as defined in the grant agreement) within a two years after a change in control of the Company, based on actual Company performance through the change in control. For competitive reasons, these performance goals shall not be disclosed until the end of the performance period.
(3)Scheduled to vest annually in approximately equal installments on the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment, with accelerated vesting upon an involuntary termination within two years after a change in control of the Company.
(4)Eligible to vest on a sliding scale in equal annual installments based upon the achievement of EBITDA performance goals that the Compensation Committee considers moderate to difficult to achieve.
(5)Scheduled to vest annually in approximately equal installments through 2021, subject to continued employment, with accelerated vesting upon an involuntary termination within two years after a change in control of the Company.
(6)Scheduled to vest annually in approximately equal installments through 2022, subject to continued employment, with accelerated vesting upon an involuntary termination within two years after a change in control of the Company.
(7)Scheduled to vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, with accelerated vesting if, in connection with a change of Control of the Company, the options are not assumed, repurchased by the Company, or terminated.
(8)Eligible to vest based upon the achievement of a net sales goal for 2023 that the Compensation Committee considers moderate to difficult to achieve, with the opportunity to vest in full upon a change in control of the Company, based on actual Company performance through the change in control.
30

Options Exercises and principal financial officers, as appropriateStock Vested
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the exercise of stock options by our NEOs in 2020. Our NEOs did not have any stock awards that vested in 2020.
Name
 
Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise
(#)
  
Value Realized on Exercise
($)(1)
 
William B. Cyr      
Scott Morris  24,163   2,091,135 
Heather Pomerantz      
Stephen L. Weise  10,000   810,677 
Cathal Walsh  48,523   3,176,672 
Richard Kassar  10,000   619,906 
(1)Amounts reflect the aggregate difference between the market price of our common stock at the exercise date and the exercise price of the stock options.
Pension Benefits
Currently, the Company does not, and does not intend to, allow timely decisionssponsor or adopt any pension plans (other than our 401(k) plan).
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
Currently, the Company does not, and does not intend to, sponsor or adopt a nonqualified deferred compensation plan.
31

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
The following table sets forth information regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participationseverance payments and the change in control payments that could have been made to our NEOs had they experienced a termination of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and proceduresemployment or a change in control as of December 31, 2017. Based on the evaluation2020. The fair market value of a share of our disclosure controlscommon stock on December 31, 2020 was $141.99. The table only includes information for employment termination and procedureschange in control events that trigger vesting or severance-related payments, and assumes that each NEO will take all action necessary to receive the maximum available benefit, such as execution of a release of claims. Any amounts payable to the NEOs in the event of a change in control of the Company may be subject to reduction under Code Sections 280G and 4999. The amounts below are estimates of the incremental amounts that could be received upon a change in control or termination of employment; the actual amount could be determined only at the time of any actual change in control or termination of employment.

Name
Cash and COBRA
($)(1)(2)
Equity
($)(3)
Total
($)
William B. Cyr
   
Termination due to permanent disability48,51048,510
Involuntary termination (4)2,565,0002,565,000
Change in control
Involuntary termination after change in control2,565,000 (5)2,565,000
Scott Morris
   
Termination due to permanent disability507,340507,340
Involuntary termination (4)792,340792,340
Change in control
Involuntary termination after change in control792,340 (5)610,0391,402,379
Heather Pomerantz
   
Termination due to permanent disability
Involuntary termination (4)
Change in control
Involuntary termination after change in control406,450406,450
Stephen L. Weise
   
Termination due to permanent disability308,144308,144
Involuntary termination (4)422,144422,144
Change in control
Involuntary termination after change in control422,144 (5)764,4611,186,605
Cathal Walsh
   
Termination due to permanent disability317,340(6)317,340
Involuntary termination (4)417,090(6)417,090
Change in control1,668,700 (7)1,668,700
Involuntary termination after change in control417,090 (5)2,574,171 (7)2,991,261
Richard Kassar
   
Termination due to permanent disability183,144183,144
Involuntary termination (4)263,144263,144
Change in control
Involuntary termination after change in control263,144 (5)701,628964,772

(1)If an NEO’s employment (other than with respect to Ms. Pomerantz) is terminated by us without “cause”, due to the NEO’s “permanent disability”, or due to the NEO’s resignation with “good reason” (each as defined in each NEO’s respective employment agreement), the NEO will be entitled to the cash severance benefits set forth in the NEO’s employment agreement described in the CD&A above under “Employment Agreements with NEOs.”
(2)Assumes that (i) a qualifying termination occurs on December 31, 2020 and (ii) any bonus is earned at 100% of target.
(3)See “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” above for an overview of the termination and change in control vesting terms of unvested options and stock awards as of December 31, 2020.
(4)An “involuntary termination” means a termination by the Company without cause or by the NEO for good reason.
(5)Amounts are the same as would be payable upon an involuntary termination not in connection with a change in control.
(6)Does not include $62,727 in expat adjustment.
(7)Assumes options are not assumed, repurchased by the Company, or terminated.
32

CEO PAY RATIO
To determine the ratio of our CEO’s annual total compensation to the median annual total compensation of all our employees excluding the CEO, we identified, as of December 31, 2017,2020, the median employee using annual base salary. Due to the increase in the number of employees, we believe this measure reasonably reflects the typical annual compensation of our Chief Executive Officeremployee population and Chief Financial Officer concludedwe consistently applied this measure for all employees. We estimate that the median employee’s 2020 total compensation (as determined in the same manner as “Total” compensation in the Summary Compensation Table) was $61,582. Mr. Cyr’s 2020 total compensation was $15,858,452, which was approximately 258:1 times that of suchthe median of the annual total compensation of all our employees.
The annual total compensation of our CEO includes a multi-year grant, which will be realized over four years. Excluding portions of the multi-year grant that will be realized in subsequent years, Mr. Cyr's realized compensation for 2020 is $2,318,449, approximately 38:1 times that of the median of the annual total compensation of all of our employees.
33

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
The full Board approved director compensation for 2020, based on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee with assistance from KF, and in accordance with the Company’s non-employee director compensation program. For 2020, each non-employee member of the Board who served for the entire year received an annual cash retainer of $50,000 (or $80,000 for the Chair of the Board), paid quarterly. In 2020, each Board member was also granted an award of time-vesting RSUs under our 2014 Plan, which vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective atsubject to continued service, with an upfront grant date value of $70,000 (or $90,000 for the reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsibleChair of the Board). In addition, certain directors who served as Chairs of Board committees received additional cash payments for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting2020 as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) underfollows: $15,000 for the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparationChair of the Company’s financial statementsAudit Committee and $7,500 each for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Management assessed the effectivenessChairs of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting asCompensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

In 2018, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee recommended that the Board actively recruit new members to diversify the Board. To begin that process, the Board conducted a study of December 31, 2017,Board compensation practices to ensure that our non-employee director compensation program was sufficient to attract the necessary talent to achieve its diversification goals. The compensation of the Board had not changed since the Company went public in 2014. As such, in April 2018, we conducted a study of board compensation practices using the criteria set forth bysame peer group selected for the CommitteeCompany’s management. Based on the outcomes of Sponsoring Organizationsthat study and consistent with the compensation principles that we apply to management, the Board revised the non-employee director compensation policy, effective with payments made in the fourth quarter of 2018. The changes increased the overall compensation (both cash and equity) to be between the 50th and 75th percentile of the Treadway Commissionpeer group and to weight compensation for 2019 more towards equity than cash (approximately 60% equity, 40% cash). With these compensation changes, we were able to successfully recruit two new, qualified directors.
The following table shows compensation paid to each of our non-employee directors who served during 2020.
Name
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
($)
Stock Awards
($)(1)
Total
($)
Charles A. Norris (2)80,00090,000170,000
J. David Basto50,00070,000120,000
Olu Beck50,00070,000120,000
Daryl G. Brewster (3)57,50070,000127,500
Lawrence S. Coben (4)55,62570,000125,625
Walter N. George III (5)51,87570,000121,875
Jacki S. Kelley50,00070,000120,000
Robert C. King (6)37,50070,000107,500
Leta D. Priest50,00070,000120,000
Craig D. Steeneck (7)65,00070,000135,000
William B. Cyr (8)
(1)Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted under our 2014 Plan without regard to forfeitures, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. This amount does not reflect the actual economic value realized by the director. The stock awards reflected in the table comprise all outstanding equity awards held by our non-employee directors at the end of 2020.
(2)Charles A. Norris serves as Chair of the Board.
(3)Daryl G. Brewster serves as Chair of the Compensation Committee.
(4)Lawrence S. Coben served as Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for a portion of 2020.
(5)Walter N. George III succeeded Mr. Coben as Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
(6)Robert C. King resigned from the Board in September 2020.
(7)Craig D. Steeneck serves as the Chair of the Audit Committee.
(8)William B. Cyr is an NEO and does not receive separate compensation for serving on the Board.
Stock Ownership Guidelines for Non-Employee Directors
Stock ownership guidelines are in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992). This evaluation was carried out underplace for our non-employee directors to encourage significant ownership of our common stock by our non-employee directors and to further align the supervision andpersonal interests of our non-employee directors with the participationinterests of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Basedstockholders. Non-employee directors are expected to own common stock valued at an amount at least three times the cash retainer, as calculated for each calendar year on this assessment, management concluded that asthe first trading day of December 31, 2017, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the three months ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

each calendar year.

34

ITEM 9b. OTHER INFORMATION

None.


PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this item will be furnished (and is hereby incorporated by reference) by an amendment hereto or pursuant to a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item will be furnished (and is hereby incorporated by reference) by an amendment hereto or pursuant to a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table shows information requiredabout the beneficial ownership of our common stock, as of April 19, 2021, by:
each person known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding common stock;
each of our directors and named executive officers; and
all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
The numbers listed below are based on 43,258,748 shares of our common stock outstanding as of April 19, 2021. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each individual listed in this table is c/o Freshpet, Inc., 400 Plaza Drive, 1st Floor, Secaucus, New Jersey 07094.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
 
Amount and Nature of Beneficial
Ownership
 
Percent of Common
Stock Outstanding
Principal Stockholders:
    
Blackrock, Inc. (2) 4,075,905 9.4%
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (3) 3,673,108 8.5%
Named Executive Officers and Directors:
    
William B. Cyr (4) 1,075,532 2.5%
Charles A. Norris (5) 588,741 1.4%
J. David Basto 28,612 *
Olu Beck 2,948 *
Daryl G. Brewster 51,226 *
Lawrence S. Coben 48,203 *
Walter N. George III 41,641 *
Jacki S. Kelley 5,031 *
Craig D. Steeneck 25,849 *
Leta D. Priest 6,105 *
Scott Morris 241,717 *
Heather Pomerantz 7,644 *
Cathal Walsh 56,635 *
Richard Kassar (6) 201,188 *
Stephen L. Weise 67,879 *
Executive Officers and Directors as a Group
(17 persons) (7)
 
2,559,643
 
5.9%
     

*Less than 1%
(1)
A “beneficial owner” of a security is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act and generally means any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, has or shares:
●         voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, such security; and/or
●         investment power, which includes the power to dispose, or to direct the disposition of, such security.
Unless otherwise indicated, each person named in the table above has sole voting and investment power, or shares voting and investment power with his or her spouse (as applicable), with respect to all shares of stock listed as owned by that person. Shares issuable upon the exercise of options exercisable on April 19, 2021 or within 60 days thereafter are considered outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding such options for the purpose of computing such person’s beneficial ownership percentage but are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing the beneficial ownership percentage of any other person.
35

(2)
Represents shares of common stock beneficially owned as of December 31, 2020, based on a Schedule 13G filed on January 8, 2021, by Blackrock, Inc. In such filing, Blackrock, Inc. lists its address as 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.
(3)Represents shares of common stock beneficially owned as of December 31, 2020, based on a Schedule 13G filed on February 10, 2021, by The Vanguard Group, Inc. In such filing The Vanguard Group, Inc., lists its address as 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355.
(4)Includes 75,532 shares of common stock and 742,500 options to purchase common stock held by Mr. Cyr directly, 55,000 options to purchase shares of common stock held by his spouse, 107,500 options to purchase shares of common stock held by Irrevocable Spousal Trust for Linda W. Cyr, and 95,000 options to purchase shares of common stock held by Linda W. Cyr 2020 Irrevocable Trust for Descendant.
(5)Includes 25,173 shares of common stock held by Mr. Norris directly, 503,568 shares of common stock held by Norris Trust Ltd 6/18/02, 30,000 shares of common stock held by the Charles Norris 2020 Annuity Trust and 30,000 shares held by the Margaret Norris 2020 Annuity Trust.
(6)Includes 151,188 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Kassar and 50,000 shares of common stock held by Richard Kassar 2020 GRAT.
(7)Excludes Mr. Kassar, as he is no longer an executive officer of the Company.
36

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The Company administers three current equity compensation plans: our 2014 Plan, a 2016 inducement stock option grant to Mr. Cyr and a 2020 inducement stock option grant to Ms. Pomerantz. The Company also administers two legacy equity compensation plans: our 2010 Stock Option Plan (or 2010 plan) and our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (or 2006 Plan). The following table provides information as of December 31, 2020 regarding shares of our common stock that may be issued under the plans.
Plan Category
Number of Securities to be Issued
Upon Exercise of Outstanding
Options, Warrants, and Rights
(#)
(a)
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options, Warrants, and
Rights
($)
(b)(1)
Number of Securities Remaining
Available for Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in Column (a))
(#)
(c)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders2,631,697 (2)78.15908,433
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders1,015,000 (3)10.98
Total3,646,697     $59.45908,433
(1)RSUs reflected in column (a) are not reflected in these weighted-average exercise prices.
(2)Includes 2,404,926 options outstanding under our 2014 Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $78.92; 193,185 RSUs outstanding under our 2014 Plan; and 26,130 options outstanding under our 2010 Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $7.10.
(3)Reflects a September 2016 inducement grant to our CEO, Mr. Cyr, and a January 2020 inducement grant to our CFO, Ms. Pomerantz, which grants are described below.
2014 Omnibus Plan
Our 2014 Plan was adopted by this itemthe Board in connection with our initial public offering and approved by our stockholders in October 2014. Our 2014 Plan allows for awards of tax-qualified incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other stock-based awards, and other cash-based awards to our directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors. Upon the adoption of our 2014 Plan, we discontinued our 2010 Plan, as described below.
Inducement Grant to Mr.Cyr
In September 2016, we granted our CEO, Mr. Cyr, an inducement grant of stock options in accordance with the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Mr. Cyr’s inducement grant consisted of 500,000 performance-vesting options and 500,000 time-vesting options. See “Executive Compensation—Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” above for an overview of the vesting terms of these options.
Inducement Grant to Ms.Pomerantz
��
In January 2020, we granted our CFO, Ms. Pomerantz, an inducement grant of stock options in accordance with the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Ms. Pomerantz’s inducement grant consisted of 15,000 time-vesting options. See “Executive Compensation—Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” above for an overview of the vesting terms of these options.
2010 Stock Option Plan
Our 2010 Plan was adopted by the Board and approved by our stockholders in December 2010. Our 2010 Plan allowed for the grant of tax-qualified incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options to our employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors. We discontinued our 2010 Plan in March 2014 and no new awards have been granted under the plan since that time. Any award outstanding under our 2010 Plan at the time of its discontinuance will be furnished (andremain in effect until the award is hereby incorporated by reference) by an amendment heretoexercised or pursuant to a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.

has expired in accordance with its terms.

37

ITEM13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Procedures for Approval of Related Party Transactions
There are no related person transactions that require reporting under SEC rules. Our Board of Directors has adopted a written related party transaction policy, which sets forth the policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related party transactions. This policy is administrated by this item willour Audit Committee. These policies provide that, in determining whether or not to recommend the initial approval or ratification of a related party transaction, the relevant facts and circumstances available shall be furnished (andconsidered, including, among other factors it deems appropriate, whether the interested transaction is hereby incorporated by reference) byon terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an amendment heretounaffiliated third party under the same or pursuant to a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.

similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction.

DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
See “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Corporate Governance and Board Structure” and “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Board Committees.”
38

ITEM14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Fees for Services Rendered by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The information requiredfollowing table presents fees for professional services rendered by this item will be furnished (andour current independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020  2019 
Audit Fees (1) $858,500  $737,000 
Audit-Related Fees (2)  170,000   96,500 
Tax Fees      
All Other Fees (3)  1,897   1,780 
Total $1,030,397  $835,280 

(1)Audit Fees: These fees include fees related to the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and review of the Company’s quarterly financial statements as well as services that are normally provided by independent registered public accounting firms in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
(2)Audit-Related Fees: Audit-related fees are for assurance and related services including, among others, due diligence services and consultation concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. Additionally, fees include services in connection with the Company’s filing of a registration statement and preparation of a comfort letter in connection with a secondary offering.
(3)KPMG’s Accounting Research Online (“ARO”) Subscription.
Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services
Performed by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Audit Committee’s policy is hereby incorporatedto pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by reference)the independent auditor and to not engage the independent auditor to perform the non-audit services proscribed by an amendment heretolaw or pursuantregulation. The Audit Committee may adopt pre-approval policies and procedures detailed as to particular services and delegate pre-approval authority to a definitive proxy statement pursuantmember of the Audit Committee. The decisions of any Audit Committee member to Regulation 14A that will contain such information.

whom pre-approval authority is delegated must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

PART

All services provided by KPMG, LLP for 2020 and 2019 were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
39

PART IV

ITEM15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

(1)

Financial Statements—All financial statements are omitted for the reason that they are not required or the information is otherwise supplied in Item 8. “Financial Statements – See Index toand Supplementary Data” in the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing2020 10-K filed on page 46.

February 22, 2021.

(2)

(2)Financial Statement Schedules – Schedules—None.

(3)

Exhibits –

(3)Exhibits—The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.



40


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.

Description

    3.1

Exhibit No.

Description

3.1
3.2

    3.2

4.1†

    4.1

10.1

  10.1

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2013, among the Company, the several banks and other lenders from time to time parties to thereto and OneWest Bank, FSB, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1filed on September 12, 2014)

10.2

  10.3

Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 2, 2013, among the Company, the several banks and other lenders from time to time parties thereto and OneWest Bank, FSB, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1filed on September 12, 2014)

  10.4

Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2013, among the Company, the several banks and other lenders from time to time parties thereto and OneWest Bank, FSB, as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1filed on September 12, 2014)

  10.5

Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 28, 2014, among the Company, the several banks and other lenders from time to time parties thereto and OneWest Bank N.A. (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1filed on October 2, 2014)

  10.6

Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2014, among the Company, the several banks and other lenders from time to time parties thereto and OneWest Bank N.A. (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1filed on October 27, 2014)

  10.7

ThirdSixth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement Amendment, dated February 19, 2021, by and among Freshpet, Inc. as Borrower, the lenders that are signatories hereto as the Lenders,Company and City National Bank, together with its successors and assignsa national banking association, as the Arrangerarranger and Administrative Agentadministrative agent, and the lenders thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s QuarterlyCompanys Current Report on Form 10-Q8-K filed with the SEC on November 7, 2017)February 19, 2021)

  10.8

10.3

  10.9

10.4†

10.5

  10.10

10.6

  10.11

10.7

  10.12

10.8


Exhibit No.

Description

  10.13

10.9

  10.14

10.10

  10.15

10.11

  10.16

10.12†

  10.17

Form of Employment Agreement between Richard Thompson and Freshpet, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.18

Form of Employment Agreement between Scott Morris and Freshpet, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.19

Form of Employment Agreement between Cathal Walsh and Freshpet, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.20

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Freshpet, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.21

Form of Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.22

Amended and Restated Fee and Reimbursement Agreement among Freshpet, Inc. and the other parties thereto dated as of April 15, 2013Arrangements (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration StatementCompanys Annual Report on Form S-110-K filed on September 12, 2014)February 22, 2021)

41

  10.23

10.13

  10.24   

Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Fee and Reimbursement Agreement among Freshpet, Inc. and the other parties thereto dated as of April 7, 2014 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on September 12, 2014)

  10.25   

Form of Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated Fee and Reimbursement Agreement among Freshpet, Inc. and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.26   

Distribution Agreement between Tyson Foods, Inc. and Freshpet, Inc. dated as of January 6, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 27, 2014)

  10.27

Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Tyson Foods, Inc. and Freshpet, Inc. dated as of August 8, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 27, 2014)

  10.28

Form of Selldown Agreement (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 4, 2014)

  10.29

Separation and Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2016, by and between Freshpet, Inc. and Richard Thompson (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2016)


Exhibit No.

Description

  10.35

Employment Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2016, by and between Freshpet, Inc. and William B. Cyr (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’sCompanys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2016)

  21.1*

10.14

10.15†
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
21.1†

  23.1*   

23.1†

  31.1*

31.1†

31.2†
31.3*

  31.2*

31.4*

  32.1*

32.1†

101.INS*

101.INS†

Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*

101.SCH†

Inline XBRL Schema Documents

101.CAL*

101.CAL†

Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB*

101.LAB†

Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document

42

101.PRE*

101.PRE†

Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*

101.DEF†

Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

*  Filed herewith.

104

Inline XBRL Formatted Cover Page
*

Filed herewith.

Filed as an exhibit to the 2020 10-K, filed on February 22, 2021.



43


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 7, 2018.

FRESHPET, INC.

By: /s/ Richard Kassar
Name: Richard Kassar
Title: Chief Financial Officer

*  *  *  *

Power of Attorney

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard Kassar as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 7, 2018.

April 30, 2021.

Signature

Title

FRESHPET, INC.

By:/s/ William B. Cyr
William B. Cyr

Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

Heather Pomerantz

Name:
Heather Pomerantz

/s/ Richard Kassar
Richard Kassar

Title:

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

/s/ Charles A. Norris
Charles A. Norris

Director

/s/ J. David Basto
J. David Basto

Director

/s/ Daryl G. Brewster
Daryl G. Brewster

Director

/s/ Lawrence S. Coben
Lawrence S. Coben

Director

/s/ Walter N. George III
Walter N. George III

Director


44

/s/ Christopher B. Harned
Christopher B. Harned

Director

/s/ Robert C. King
Robert C. King

Director

/s/ Jonathan S. Marlow
Jonathan S. Marlow

Director

/s/ Craig D. Steeneck
Craig D. Steeneck

Director

71