If any one of these events was to occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.

Under the terms of our Series B Preferred Stock financing, if there is an event of default, the investor may exercise various remedies, including a change of control via replacing a majority of the Board of Directors.

If we fail to comply with the payment obligations, financial covenants, or restrictive covenants of the agreements governing our debt and our preferred stock, then we may trigger an event of default.  The terms of our Series B Preferred Stock financing provide that, upon the occurrence of an event of default, the investor will have the right to take the unilateral action to, or cause the Company to, among other things:

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The ability of our investor to replace a majority of our board of directors upon an event of default would give control of the Company to the investor.  Such a change of control, or the exercise of other rights upon an event of default, could result in a material adverse effect on us, including our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The documents that govern our outstanding indebtedness restrict our ability to engage in some business activities, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The documents that govern our outstanding indebtedness contain negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that place restrictions on the Company and subsidiaries.  The Investor Agreement with Prime that was entered as part of the Series B Preferred Stock financing, grants to Prime, among other rights, certain board designation and observer rights, negative control rights, information rights and rights to indemnification for certain types of liabilities.  The Investor Agreement provides that Prime will have the right to consent to certain material actions by the Company, its affiliates and its subsidiaries, including, among others, the decision to:

In addition, covenants contained in the documents that govern our outstanding indebtedness require the Company and/or its subsidiaries to meet certain financial performance tests.

These restrictive operational and financial covenants reduce our flexibility in conducting our operations, limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry, and limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest, including the ability to make acquisitions or take advantage of other business opportunities that may arise, any of which could materially adversely affect our growth prospects, future operating results and financial condition.

Our failure to comply with these restrictive covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all or a substantial portion of our outstanding debt.  The documents that govern our outstanding indebtedness require that we maintain certain financial ratios and, if we fail to do so, we would be in default under the applicable debt instrument.

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Mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings increase our operational risks.

Loans obtained to fund property acquisitions will generally be secured by mortgages on our properties. The more we borrow, the higher our fixed debt payment obligations will be and the greater the risk that we will not be able to timely meet these payment obligations. At December 31, 2017,2023, excluding our Model Home Properties,model home properties, we had a total of approximately $133.6$73.7 million of secured financing on our properties and we intend to continue to borrow funds through secured financings to acquire additional properties. If we are unable to make our debt payments as required, due to a decrease in rental or other revenues or an increase in our other costs, a lender could charge us a default rate of interest and/or foreclose on the property or properties securing its debt. This could cause an adverse effect on our results of operations and/or cause us to lose part or all of our investment, diminishingadversely affecting our financial condition by lowering the value of our real estate portfolio.

Our risk of losing property through a mortgage loan default is greater when the property is cross-collateralized.

In circumstances we deem appropriate, we may cross-collateralize two or more of our properties to secure a single loan or group of related loans, such as where we purchase a group of unimproved properties from a single seller or where we obtain a credit facility for general application from an institutional lender. Cross-collateralizing typically occurs where the lender requires a single loan to finance the group of properties, rather than allocating the larger loan to separate loans, each secured by a single property. Our default under a cross-collateralized obligation could result in the loss of all of the properties securing the loan. At December 31, 2017, we had two cross-collateralized mortgages between the Morena and Pacific Oaks office properties which terms contain a release clause for each property.

Lenders mayoften require restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which may adversely affectaffects our flexibility and may affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.

Some of our mortgage loans may impose restrictions that affect our distribution and operating policies, our ability to incur additional debt and our ability to resell interests in the property. Loanproperties. A number of loan documents may contain covenants that limitrequiring us to maintain cash reserves or letters of credit under certain circumstances and limiting our ability to further mortgage the property, discontinue certain insurance coverage, replace the property manager, or terminate certain operating or lease agreements related to the property. Such restrictions may limit our ability to achieve our investment objectives.

Financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations may adversely affect our ability to pay dividends.distributions.

Some of our mortgage loans  require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. And in the future, weWe may finance more properties that we acquire in this manner. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity could be uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing, to refinance the debt or to sell the property. At the timeWhen the balloon payment is due, we may not be able to refinance debt on terms as favorable as the original loanterms or sell the property at a sufficient price.price that would cover the balloon payment. The effect of a refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to stockholders and the projected time of dispositionvalue of our assets.common stock.

In addition, making a balloon payment may leave us with insufficient cash to pay the distributions that are required to maintain our qualification as a REIT. At December 31, 2017,2023, excluding our model homes business, we have no loansmortgage that requirerequires a balloon payment in 2018.2023. The model homes businessdivision pays off the balance of its mortgage loans out ofmortgages using proceeds from the sale of the underlying homes. Any deficiency in the sale proceeds would have to be paid out offrom existing cash, diminishingreducing the amount available for dividends.distributions and operations.

Risks Related to our Status as a REIT and Related Federal Income Tax Matters

Failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect our operations and our ability to pay dividends.distributions.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2000.2001.  We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify for taxation as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with such taxable year, and we expect to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. However, the federal income tax laws governing REITs are extremely complex, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Qualifying as a REIT requires us to meet various tests regarding the nature of our assets and our income, the ownership of our outstanding stock, and the amount of our distributions on an ongoing basis. While we intend to continue to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, including the tax treatment of certain investments we may make,and dispositions, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given that we will qualify for any particular year. If we lose our REIT qualification, we would be subject to federal corporate income taxation on our taxable income, and we could also be subject to increased state and local taxes. Additionally, we would not be allowed a deduction for dividendsdistributions paid to stockholders. And,Moreover, unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified. The income tax consequences could be substantial and would reduce our cash available for distribution to stockholders and investments in additional assets. Further, wereal estate. We could also be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be required to make distributions to our stockholders.

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As a REIT, we may be subject to tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.

Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to federal, state and local taxes on our income or property, including the following:

Our ownership of taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to certain restrictions, and we will be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if our transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not conducted on arm’sarm’s length terms.

We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in one or more entities that have elected or will elect, together with us, to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) other than a REIT in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. If a taxable REIT subsidiary owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent REIT. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular C corporation. In addition, a 100% excise tax will be imposed on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s length basis.

A REIT’s ownership of securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset tests applicable to REITs. Not more than 25% of the value of our total assets could be represented by securities, including securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset test. Further, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries. We anticipate that the aggregate value of the stock and other securities of any taxable REIT subsidiaries that we own will be less than 20% of the value of our total assets, and we will monitor the value of these investments to ensure compliance with applicable asset test limitations. In addition, we intend to structure our transactions with any taxable REIT subsidiaries that we own to ensure that they are entered into on arm’s length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with these limitations or avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above.

We may be forced to borrow funds on a short-term basis, to sell assets or to issue securities to meet the REIT minimum distribution or other requirements or for working capital purposes.

To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. In order to maintain our REIT status or avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, in general, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains) each year. We have and intend to continue to make distributions to our stockholders. However, our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described elsewhere herein. In the event of a decline in our operating results and financial performance or in the value of our asset portfolio, we may not have cash sufficient for distribution. Therefore, to preserve our REIT status or avoid taxation, we may need to borrow funds, sell assets or issue additional securities, even

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if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable. Moreover, we may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to satisfy the REIT asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to meet any of these asset, income or distribution tests, or to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with one or more of the requirements applicable to REITs or may be subject to a 100% tax on any resulting gain if such sales constitute prohibited transactions.

In addition, we require a minimum amount of cash to fund our daily operations. Due to the REIT distribution requirements, we may be forced to make distributions when we otherwise would use the cash to fund our working capital needs. Therefore, we may be forced to borrow funds, to sell assets or to issue additional securities at certain times for our working capital needs.

The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions”“prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business unless a sale or disposition qualifies under certain statutory safe harbors, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on our investors or us.

The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or without retroactive application, could adversely affect our investors or us. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. New legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, the federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the federal income tax consequences of an investment in us. Also, the law relating to the tax treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT.

Recently enacted U.S. tax legislation (the “2017 Tax Legislation”) has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. businesses and their owners, including REITs and their stockholders. Changes made by the 2017 Tax Legislation that could affect us and our stockholders include:

Many of these changes are effective immediately, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation is unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and IRS, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.

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While some of the changes made by the tax legislation may adversely affect us in one or more reporting periods and prospectively, other changes may be beneficial on a going forward basis. We continue to work with our tax advisors and auditors to determine the full impact that the recent tax legislation as a whole will have on us. We urge our investors to consult with their legal and tax advisors with respect to such legislation and the potential tax consequences of investing in our common stock. We do expect that the reduced flat 21 percent corporate rate applicable to taxable REIT subsidiaries, and the 20% deduction on dividends received by our stockholders, may make our company more attractive to some investors.

The stock ownership limit imposed by the Code for REITs and our charter may discourage a takeover that could otherwise result in a premium price for our stockholders.

In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain types of entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year. To ensure that we do not fail to qualify as a REIT under this test, our charter restricts ownership by one person or entity to no more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate outstanding shares of all classes and series of our capital stock. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

Dividends payable by REITs generally are taxed at the higher ordinary income rate, which could reduce the net cash received by stockholders and may be detrimental to our ability to raise additional funds through any future sale of our common stock.

Income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is generally subject to tax at reduced rates. However, dividends payable by REITs to its stockholders generally are not eligible for the reduced rates for qualified dividends and are taxed at ordinary income rates (but under the 2017 Tax Legislation, U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct 20% of ordinary dividends from a REIT for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026). Although these rules do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, to the extent that the reduced rates continue to apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, investors that are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the per share trading price of our common stock, and could be detrimental to our ability to raise additional funds through the future sale of our common stock.

Tax-exempt stockholders will be taxed on our distributions to the extent such distributions are unrelated business taxable income.

Generally, neither ordinary nor capital gain distributions should constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to tax-exempt entities, such as employee pension benefit trusts and individual retirement accounts. Our payment of distributions to a tax-exempt stockholder will constitute UBTI, however, if the tax- exempttax-exempt stockholder has incurred debt to acquire its shares. Therefore, tax-exempt stockholders are not assured all dividends received will be tax-free.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If our remediation of this material weakness is not effective, or if we experience additional material weakness in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock, and our financial performance may be adversely impacted.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, requires that we maintain internal control over financial reporting that meets applicable standards. We may err in the design or operation of our controls, and all internal control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, there can be no assurance that all control issues have been or will be detected.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. In connection with the preparation and audit of the financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, a certain material weakness was identified in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. This material weakness is primarily related to a non-recuring significant transaction for income tax provision and comprises the following:

If this material weakness is not remediated, it could potentially result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

The above material weakness will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan has been fully implemented. We cannot predict the success of such efforts to remediate the material weakness. Our efforts may not remediate this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or additional material weaknesses may be identified in the future. A failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence in us and cause a decline in the price of our common stock. As a result of this failure, we could also become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, and become subject to litigation from investors and stockholders, which could harm our reputation, financial condition or divert financial and management resources from our core business, and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to our Common Stock, Preferred Stock and Series A Warrants

If we are unable to comply with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock could be delisted, which could affect our common stock's market price and liquidity and reduce our ability to raise capital.

We are required to meet certain qualitative and financial tests to maintain the listing of our securities on Nasdaq. As of the date of this report, we are in compliance with all of Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. As previously disclosed, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq on June 6, 2023 notifying the Company that it had failed to meet the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on Nasdaq. On December 21, 2023, the Company announced that it received formal notice from the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC stating that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). 

There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria. If we are unable to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted, making it more difficult to buy or sell our securities and to obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our securities could suffer a material decline. Delisting could also impair our ability to raise capital.

Our Series D Preferred Stock is subordinate to our existing and future debt, and your interests could be diluted by the issuance of additional preferred stock and by other transactions.

The Series D Preferred Stock ranks junior to all of our existing and future debt and to other non-equity claims on us and our assets available to satisfy claims against us, including claims in bankruptcy, liquidation or similar proceedings. Our future debt may include restrictions on our ability to pay distributions to preferred stockholders. Our charter currently authorizes the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series. Subject to limitations prescribed by Maryland law and our charter, our Board of Directors is authorized to issue, from our authorized but unissued shares of stock, preferred stock in such classes or series as our Board of Directors may determine and to establish from time to time the number of shares of preferred stock to be included in any such class or series. The issuance of additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock or another series of preferred stock designated as ranking on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock would dilute the interests of the holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, and the issuance of shares of any class or series of our stock expressly designated as ranking senior to the Series D Preferred Stock or the incurrence of additional indebtedness could affect our ability to pay distributions on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on the Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Preferred Stock does not contain any terms relating to or limiting our indebtedness or affording the holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock protection in the event of a highly leveraged or other transaction, including a merger or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all our assets, that might adversely affect the holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, so long as the rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the Series D Preferred Stock or the holders thereof are not materially and adversely affected.

As a holder of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, you have extremely limited voting rights.

Your voting rights as a holder of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will be limited. Our shares of common stock are the only class of our securities carrying full voting rights. Voting rights for holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock exist primarily with respect to adverse changes in the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock and the creation of additional classes or series of preferred shares that are senior to the Series D Preferred Stock. Other than these limited voting rights described herein, holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will not have any voting rights.

Our cash available for distributions may not be sufficient to pay distributions on the Series D Preferred Stock at expected levels, and we cannot assure you of our ability to pay distributions in the future. We may use borrowed funds or funds from other sources to pay distributions, which may adversely impact our operations.

We have paid and intend to pay regular monthly distributions to holders of our Series D Preferred Stock. Distributions declared by us are and will be authorized by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion out of assets legally available for distribution and will depend upon a number of factors, including our earnings, our financial condition, restrictions under applicable law, our need to comply with the terms of our existing financing arrangements, the capital requirements of our Company and other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant from time to time. We may be required to fund distributions from working capital, proceeds of our equity offerings or a sale of assets to the extent distributions exceed earnings or cash flows from operations. Funding distributions from working capital would restrict our operations. If we are required to sell assets to fund distributions, such asset sales may occur at a time or in a manner that is not consistent with our disposition strategy. If we borrow to fund distributions, our leverage ratios and future interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been. We may not be able to pay distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may be considered a return of capital for income tax purposes. If we decide to make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distributions would generally be considered a return of capital for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it has the effect of reducing the holder’s adjusted tax basis in its investment. If distributions exceed the adjusted tax basis of a holder’s shares, they will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such stock.

We could be prevented from paying cash dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock due to prescribed legal requirements.

Holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock do not receive dividends on such shares unless authorized by our Board of Directors and declared by us. Under Maryland law, cash dividends on stock may only be paid if, after giving effect to the dividends, our total assets exceed our total liabilities and we are able to pay our indebtedness as it becomes due in the ordinary course of business. Unless we operate profitably, our ability to pay cash dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock may be negatively impacted. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to enable us to pay dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock when payable. Further, even if we meet the applicable solvency tests under Maryland law to pay cash dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock described above, we may not have sufficient cash to pay dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock.

Furthermore, no dividends on Series D Preferred Stock shall be authorized by our Board of Directors or paid, declared or set aside for payment by us at any time when the authorization, payment, declaration or setting aside for payment would be unlawful under Maryland law or any other applicable law.

We may redeem the Series D Preferred Stock and you may not receive dividends that you anticipate if we redeem the SeriesD Preferred Stock.

On or after June 15, 2026, we may, at our option, redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time. Also, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, we may, at our option, redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred. We may have an incentive to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock voluntarily if market conditions allow us to issue other preferred stock or debt securities at a rate that is lower than the dividend rate on the Series D Preferred Stock. If we redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, from and after the redemption date, dividends will cease to accrue on shares of Series D Preferred Stock, the shares of Series D Preferred Stock shall no longer be deemed outstanding and all rights as a holder of those shares will terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, if any, payable upon redemption.

Holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock should not expect us to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock on or after the date they become redeemable at our option.

The Series D Preferred Stock is a perpetual equity security. This means that it has no maturity or mandatory redemption date and is not redeemable at the option of the holders. The Series D Preferred Stock may be redeemed only by us at our option either in whole or in part, from time to time, at any time on or after June 15, 2026, or within 120 days following the occurrence of a Change of Control. Any decision we may make at any time to propose a redemption of the Series D Preferred Stock will depend upon, among other things, our evaluation of our capital position, the composition of our stockholders’ equity and general market conditions at that time.

The Series D Preferred Stock is not convertible into shares of our common stock, and investors will not realize a corresponding upside if the price of the common stock increases.

The Series D Preferred Stock is not convertible into shares of our common stock and earns dividends at a fixed rate. Accordingly, an increase in market price of our common stock will not necessarily result in an increase in the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock. The market value of the Series D Preferred Stock may depend more on dividend and interest rates for other preferred stock, commercial paper and other investment alternatives and our actual and perceived ability to pay dividends on, and in the event of dissolution satisfy the liquidation preference with respect to, the Series D Preferred Stock.

The Change of Control right may make it more difficult for a party to acquire us or discourage a party from acquiring us.

The Change of Control right allowing us to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, any time from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share , plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon to, but not including, the date of fixed redemption, may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing certain of our change of control transactions under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our Series D Preferred Stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price of such equity securities or that stockholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or our charter or bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This forum selection provision in our bylaws may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or any our directors, officers or other employees.

Listing on Nasdaq does not guarantee an active market for the Series D Preferred Stock and the market price and trading volume of the Series D Preferred Stock may fluctuate significantly.

The Series D Preferred Stock is trading on Nasdaq but there is no guarantee that an active and liquid trading market to sell the Series D Preferred Stock will be sustained. Because the Series D Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date, investors seeking liquidity may be limited to selling their shares in the secondary market. If an active trading market is not sustained, the market price and liquidity of the Series D Preferred Stock may be adversely affected. Even if an active public market continues to exist, we cannot guarantee you that the market price for the Series D Preferred Stock will equal or exceed the price you pay for your Series D Preferred Stock.

The market determines the trading price for the Series D Preferred Stock and may be influenced by many factors, including our history of paying distributions on the Series D Preferred Stock, variations in our financial results, the market for similar securities, investors’ perception of us, our issuance of additional preferred equity or indebtedness and general economic, industry, interest rate and market conditions. Because the Series D Preferred Stock carries a fixed distribution rate, its value in the secondary market will be influenced by changes in interest rates and will tend to move inversely to such changes. In particular, an increase in market interest rates may result in higher yields on other financial instruments and may lead purchasers of Series D Preferred Stock to demand a higher yield on the price paid for the Series D Preferred Stock, which could adversely affect the market price of the Series D Preferred Stock.

If the Series D Preferred Stock is delisted, the ability to transfer or sell shares of the Series D Preferred Stock may be limited and the market value of the Series D Preferred Stock will likely be materially adversely affected.

The Series D Preferred Stock does not contain provisions that are intended to protect investors if the Series D Preferred Stock is delisted from Nasdaq. If the Series D Preferred Stock is delisted from Nasdaq, investors’ ability to transfer or sell shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will be limited and the market value of the Series D Preferred Stock will likely be materially adversely affected. Moreover, since the Series D Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date, investors may be forced to hold shares of the Series D Preferred Stock indefinitely while receiving stated dividends thereon when, as and if authorized by our Board of Directors and paid by us with no assurance as to ever receiving the liquidation value thereof.

Market interest rates may have an effect on the value of the Series D Preferred Stock.

One of the factors that will influence the price of the Series D Preferred Stock will be the distribution yield on the Series D Preferred Stock (as a percentage of the market price of the Series D Preferred Stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of the Series D Preferred Stock to expect a higher distribution yield (and higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution payments). Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of the Series D Preferred Stock to decrease and reduce the amount of funds that are available and may be used to make distribution payments.

In the event of a liquidation, you may not receive the full amount of your liquidation preference.

In the event of our liquidation, the proceeds will be used first to repay indebtedness and then to pay holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock and any other class or series of our stock ranking senior to or on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock as to liquidation the amount of each holder’s liquidation preference and accrued and unpaid distributions through the date of payment. In the event we have insufficient funds to make payments in full to holders of the shares of the Series D Preferred Stock and any other class or series of our stock ranking on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock as to liquidation, such funds will be distributed ratably among such holders and such holders may not realize the full amount of their liquidation preference.

We are generally restricted from issuing shares of other series of preferred stock that rank senior the Series D Preferred Stock as to dividend rightsor rights to the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, but may do so with the requisite consent of the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock; and, further, no such consent is required for an increase in the number of shares of Series D Preferred Stock or the issuance of additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock or series of preferred stock ranking pari passu with the Series D Preferred Stock.

We are allowed to issue shares of other series of preferred stock that rank senior to the Series D Preferred Stock as to dividend payments and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, only with the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding Series D Preferred Stock. However, we are allowed to increase the number of shares of Series D Preferred Stock or additional series of preferred stock that would rank equally to the Series D Preferred Stock as to dividend payments and rights upon our liquidation or winding up of our affairs without first obtaining the approval of the holders of our Series D Preferred Stock. The issuance of additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock or additional series of preferred stock could have the effect of reducing the amounts available to the Series D Preferred Stock upon our liquidation or dissolution or the winding up of our affairs. It also may reduce dividend payments on the Series D Preferred Stock if we do not have sufficient funds to pay dividends on all outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock and other classes or series of stock with equal or senior priority with respect to dividends. Future issuances and sales of senior or pari passu preferred stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales could occur, may cause prevailing market prices for the Series D Preferred Stock and our common stock to decline and may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital in the financial markets at times and prices favorable to us.

The market price of the Series D Preferred Stock could be substantially affected by various factors.

The market price of the Series D Preferred Stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors. The price of the Series D Preferred Stock in the market may be higher or lower than the price holders of the Series D Preferred stock paid for it depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance.

These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

As a result of these and other factors, investors who purchase our Series D Preferred Stock may experience a decrease, which could be substantial and rapid, in the market price of the Series D Preferred Stock, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects.

The market price and trading volume of our Series D Preferred Stockmay be volatile, and you could experience a loss if you sell your shares.

The market price of our Series D Preferred Stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our Series D Preferred Stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock declines significantly, you may be unable to sell your shares at or above the public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our Series D Preferred Stock include:

If a substantial number of shares become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock could decline.

A large volume of sales of shares of our Series D Preferred Stock could further decrease the prevailing market price of such shares and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities in the future. Even if sales of a substantial number of shares of our Series D Preferred Stock are not effectuated, the perception of the possibility of these sales could depress the market price for such shares and have a negative effect on our ability to raise capital in the future.

If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our Series D Preferred Stock in the public market, the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our stockholders might sell shares of Series D Preferred Stock could also depress our market price. A decline in the price of shares of our Series D Preferred Stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our Series D Preferred Stock or other equity securities and could result in a decline in the value of the shares of our Series D Preferred Stock.

Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock.

Stock market price and volume fluctuations could affect the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies’ operating performance. These fluctuations could reduce the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock. Furthermore, our results of operations and prospects may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations. Either of these factors could lead to a material decline in the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock.

The market price of our Series D Preferred Stock could be adversely affected by our level of cash distributions.

The market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future cash distributions, whether from operations, sales or refinancing, as well as the real estate market value of the underlying assets, may cause our Series D Preferred Stock to trade at prices that differ from our net asset value per share. If we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes, working capital reserves or other purposes, these retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may not correspondingly increase the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock. Our failure to meet the market’s expectations with regard to future earnings and cash distributions likely would adversely affect the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock.

Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our Series D Preferred Stock upon liquidation, and any preferred equity securities that may be issued and be senior to our Series D Preferred Stock for purposes of dividend distributions or upon liquidation, may adversely affect the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock.

In the future, we may seek additional capital and commence offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, including medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes and preferred stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Future shares of preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or make another distribution to the holders of our Series D Preferred. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their stock holdings in us.

A future issuance of stock could dilute the value of our Series D Preferred Stock.

We may sell additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, in subsequent public or private offerings. Future issuance of any new shares could cause further dilution in the value of our outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our Series D Preferred Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our Series A Common Stock or Series D Preferred Stock will have on the market price of our Series D Preferred Stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our Series D Preferred Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Series D Preferred Stock.

The Series A Warrants may not have any value.

The Series A Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised in accordance with their terms until their expiration at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date.

The Series A Warrants have an exercise price of $7.00 per share. This exercise price does not necessarily bear any relationship to established criteria for valuation of our Series A Common Stock, such as book value per share, cash flows, or earnings, and you should not consider this exercise price as an indication of the current or future market price of our Series A Common Stock. There can be no assurance that the market price of our Series A Common Stock will exceed $7.00 per share at any time on the expiration date of the Series A Warrants, January 24, 2027, or at any other time the Series A Warrants may be exercised. If the market price of our Series A Common Stock on such date does not exceed $7.00 per share prior to the expiration of the Series A Warrants, your warrants will be of no value except to the extent that there is a value in their automatic conversion at expiration of 0.1 shares of Series A Common Stock rounded down to the nearest whole share.

An active trading market for our warrants may not continue to exist or remain active.

Although our Series A Warrants were listed on Nasdaq on or around January 24, 2022 under the symbol SQFTW, an active trading market for our warrants may not be sustained. If an active market for our warrants does not continue, it may be difficult for you to sell the Series A Warrants without depressing the market price for such securities.

Holders of our warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire shares of our Series A Common Stock.

Until warrant holders acquire shares of our Series A Common Stock upon exercise of the Series A Warrants, warrant holders will have no rights with respect to the shares of our Series A Common Stock underlying such warrants. Upon the acquisition of shares of our Series A Common Stock upon exercise of the Series A Warrants, the holders thereof will be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of Series A Common Stock only as to matters for which the record date for the matter occurs after the exercise date of the Series A Warrants.

We could be prevented from paying cash dividends on the Series A Common Stock due to prescribed legal requirements.

Holders of shares of Series A Common Stock will not receive dividends on such shares unless authorized by our Board of Directors and declared by us. Furthermore, no dividends on Series A Common Stock shall be authorized by our Board of Directors or paid, declared or set aside for payment by us at any time when the authorization, payment, declaration or setting aside for payment would be unlawful under Maryland law or any other applicable law. Under Maryland law, cash dividends on stock may only be paid if, after giving effect to the dividends, our total assets exceed our total liabilities and we are able to pay our indebtedness as it becomes due in the ordinary course of business. Unless we operate profitably, our ability to pay cash dividends on the Series A Common Stock may be negatively impacted. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to enable us to pay dividends on the Series A Common Stock when payable. Further, even if we meet the applicable solvency tests under Maryland law to pay cash dividends on the Series A Common Stock described above, we may not have sufficient cash to pay dividends on the Series A Common Stock. Additionally, provisions of the Series D Preferred Stock provide that, subject to certain exceptions, including dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock having been paid or set aside, we are restricted from paying dividends on our Series A Common Stock.

Actions of activist stockholders may cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business.

Our stockholders may from time to time engage in proxy solicitations, advance shareholder proposals or otherwise attempt to affect changes or acquire control over the Company. For example, on March 13, 2024, a stockholder announced that it intends to file a preliminary proxy statement and accompanying WHITE universal proxy card with the Securities and Exchange Commission to be used to solicit votes for the election of director nominees at our next annual meeting of stockholders. Activist stockholder activities could adversely affect our business because responding to proxy contests and reacting to other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of management and our employees. For example, we have or in the future may retain the services of various professionals to advise us on activist stockholder matters, including legal, financial, strategic and communication advisors, the costs of which may negatively impact our future financial results. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership created as a consequence of activist stockholders’ initiatives may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, harm our ability to attract new investors, business partners, and employees, and cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility or stagnation.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Requirements

Costs of complying with governmental laws and regulations may reduce our net income and the cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

Our properties are subject to various local, state and federal regulatory requirements, including those addressing zoning, environmental and land use, access for disabled persons, and air and water quality. These laws and regulations may impose restrictions on the manner in which our properties may be used or business may be operated, and compliance with these standards may require us to make unexpected expenditures, some of which could be substantial. Additionally, we could be subject to liability in the form of fines, penalties or damages for noncompliance, and any enforcement actions could reduce the value of a property. Any material expenditures, penalties, or decrease in property value would adversely affect our operating income and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.

The costs of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of defending against claims of environmental liability could adversely affect our operating results.

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real property is responsible for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on its property. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated.

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For instance, federal regulations require us to identify and warn, via signs and labels, of potential hazards posed by workplace exposure to installed asbestos-containing materials (“ACMs”), and potential ACMs on our properties. Federal, state, and local laws and regulations also govern the removal, encapsulation, disturbance, handling and disposal of ACMs and potential ACMs, when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of construction, remodeling, renovation or demolition of a property. There are or may be ACMs at certain of our properties. As a result, we may face liability for a release of ACMs and may be subject to personal injury lawsuits by workers and others exposed to ACMs at our properties. Additionally, the value of any of our properties containing ACMs and potential ACMs may be decreased.

There are comprehensive regulatory programs governing underground storage tanks used in a convenience store-tenant’s gasoline operations. Compliance with existing and future laws regulating underground storage tanks may require significant capital expenditures, and the remediation costs and other costs required to clean up or treat contaminated sites could be substantial.

Although we have not been notified by any governmental authority and are not otherwise aware of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous substances in connection with our properties, we may be found noncompliant in the future. Environmental laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of any hazardous substances. Therefore, we may be liable for the costs of removing or remediating contamination of which we had no knowledge. Additionally, future laws or regulations could impose an unanticipated material environmental liability on any of the properties that we purchase.

The presence of contamination, or our failure to properly remediate contamination of our properties, may adversely affect the ability of our tenants to operate the contaminated property, may subject us to liability to third parties, and may inhibit our ability to sell or rent such property or borrow money using such property as collateral. Any of these occurrences would adversely affect our operating income.

Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act may require us to make unintended expenditures that could adversely impact our results of operations.

Our properties are generally required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to people with disabilities. Compliance with ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants. The parties to whom we lease properties are obligated by law to comply with the ADA provisions, and we believe that these parties may be obligated to cover costs associated with compliance. If required changes to our properties involve greater expenditures than anticipated, or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis than anticipated, our tenants may to be able to cover the costs and we could be required to expend our own funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA. Any funds used for ADA compliance will reduce our net income and the amount of cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes, reassessments or changes in property tax laws, which would adversely impact our cash flows.

We are required to pay property taxes for our properties, which could increase as property tax rates increase or as our properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. In California, under current law, reassessment occurs primarily as a result of a “change in ownership”. A potential reassessment may take a considerable amount of time, during which the property taxing authorities make a determination of the occurrence of a “change of ownership”, as well as the actual reassessed value. In addition, from time to time, there have been proposals to base property taxes on commercial properties on their current market value, without any limit based on purchase price. If any similar proposal were adopted, the property taxes we pay could increase substantially. In California, pursuant to an existing state law commonly referred to as Proposition 13, properties are reassessed to market value only at the time of change in ownership or completion of construction, and thereafter, annual property reassessments are limited to 2% of previously assessed values. As a result, Proposition 13 generally results in significant below-market assessed values over time. From time to time, including recently, lawmakers and political coalitions have initiated efforts to repeal or amend Proposition 13 to eliminate its application to commercial and industrial properties. If successful, a repeal of Proposition 13 could substantially increase the assessed values and property taxes for our properties in California.

We are subject to recently enacted state laws in California that require gender and diversity quotas for boards of directors of public companies headquartered in California.

In September 2018, California enacted Senator Bill 826 (“SB 826”), which generally requires public companies with principal executive offices in California to have at least two female directors on its board of directors if the company has at least five directors, and at least three female directors on its board of directors if the company has at least six directors. SB 826 has been challenged in legal proceedings and on May 13, 2022, the Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles entered an order striking down SB 826, holding that the statute violates the Equal Protection Clause of the California Constitution. The California Secretary of State has appealed the order and such appeal is currently pending. On September 16, 2022, the appellate court ruled to temporarily stay enforcement of the trial court’s order, which prevented the California Secretary of State from collecting diversity data on corporate disclosure forms pursuant to SB 826, pending a further order of the appellate court. On December 1, 2022, the appellate court vacated the temporary stay order and on February 3, 2023, a record on appeal was filed and such appeal is currently pending. To the extent that this ruling of the appellate court permits the Secretary of State of California to collect and report diversity data, we may be required to comply with additional disclosure requirements. However, ultimate enforceability of SB 826 remains uncertain.

Additionally, on September 30, 2020, California enacted Assembly Bill 979 (“AB 979”), which generally requires public companies with principal executive offices in California to include specified numbers of directors from “underrepresented communities”. A director from an “underrepresented community” means a director who self-identifies as Black, African American, Hispanic, Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Native Hawaiian, Alaska Native, gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender. By December 31, 2021, each public company with principal executive offices in California was required to have at least one director from an underrepresented community. By December 31, 2022, a public company with more than four but fewer than nine directors will be required to have a minimum of two directors from underrepresented communities, and a public company with nine or more directors will need to have a minimum of three directors from underrepresented communities. On April 1, 2022, the Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles entered an order striking down AB 979, holding that the statute violates the Equal Protection Clause of the California Constitution. On June 6, 2022, a notice of appeal was filed. On September 16, 2022, the appellate court ruled to temporarily stay enforcement of the trial court’s order, which prevented the California Secretary of State from collecting diversity data on corporate disclosure forms pursuant to AB 979, pending a further order of the appellate court. On December 1, 2022, the appellate court vacated the temporary stay order and on February 3, 2023, a record on appeal was filed and such appeal is currently pending. To the extent that this ruling of the appellate court permits the Secretary of State of California to collect and report diversity data, we may be required to comply with additional disclosure requirements. In June 2023, the federal district court for the Eastern District of California granted the plaintiffs a summary judgment and determined that AB 979 was unconstitutional on its face. The Eastern District of California’s decision is currently on appeal. Litigation regarding AB 979 will continue.

We cannot assure that we can recruit, attract and/or retain qualified members of our Board and meet gender and diversity quotas under Nasdaq Listing Rules or any California law that may become applicable to the Company, which may expose us to financial penalties and adversely affect our reputation.

The costs of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of defending against claims of environmental liability could adversely affect our operating results.

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real property is responsible for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on its property. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated.

For instance, federal regulations require us to identify and warn, via signs and labels, of potential hazards posed by workplace exposure to installed asbestos-containing materials (“ACMs”), and potential ACMs on our properties. Federal, state, and local laws and regulations also govern the removal, encapsulation, disturbance, handling and disposal of ACMs and potential ACMs, when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of construction, remodeling, renovation or demolition of a property. There are or may be ACMs at certain of our properties. As a result, we may face liability for a release of ACMs and may be subject to personal injury lawsuits by workers and others exposed to ACMs at our properties. Additionally, the value of any of our properties containing ACMs and potential ACMs may be decreased.

Although we have not been notified by any governmental authority and are not otherwise aware of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous substances in connection with our properties, we may be found noncompliant in the future. Environmental laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of any hazardous substances. Therefore, we may be liable for the costs of removing or remediating contamination of which we had no knowledge. Additionally, future laws or regulations could impose an unanticipated material environmental liability on any of the properties that we purchase.

The presence of contamination, or our failure to properly remediate contamination of our properties, may adversely affect the ability of our tenants to operate the contaminated property, may subject us to liability to third parties, and may inhibit our ability to sell or rent such property or borrow money using such property as collateral. Any of these occurrences would adversely affect our operating income.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

We have no unresolved staff comments.comments regarding our periodic or current reports.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Presidio Property Trust has a cross-departmental approach to addressing cybersecurity risk, including input from senior management, employees, external consultants, and our Board of Directors (the "Board"). Senior management devote significant resources to cybersecurity and risk management processes to adapt to the changing cybersecurity landscape and respond to emerging threats in a timely and effective manner, including providing periodic training to staff and periodic review of the Company’s current posture to protect against threats. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the steps taken by Presidio Property Trust’s management to monitor and mitigate cybersecurity risks. Senior management briefs the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors on cybersecurity matters as necessary.

The Company operates almost exclusively in a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) IT environment. In addition to assessing our own cybersecurity preparedness, we also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with the use of third-party service providers. The internal business owners of the hosted applications are required to document quarterly user access reviews and obtain a System and Organization Controls (SOC) 1 or SOC 2 report from our SaaS vendors. With assistance from an external consultant, management conducts an annual review of third-party SOC reports with a specific focus on their data protection procedures. If a third-party vendor is not able to provide a SOC 1 report, management takes additional steps to assess their cybersecurity preparedness and assess our relationship with them on that basis. Our assessment of risks associated with the use of third-party providers is a significant part of the Company’s overall cybersecurity risk management framework.

The Company has also engaged a third-party managed service provider to manage server, network, and email security, including continuous monitoring and industry-leading antivirus software. Presidio Property Trust has robust business continuity and disaster recovery procedures in place, and an insurance policy that provides for network security liability, event response and recovery, direct business interruption, contingent business interruption, cyber extortion, social engineering, and computer fraud should an incident occur.

In addition, we have Company-wide policies and procedures concerning cybersecurity matters, including access security, system change management, development lifecycle, incident management and business continuity/disaster recovery policies. These policies go through an annual internal review process and are approved by appropriate members of management. Presidio Property Trust uses a third-party consultant to assess the Company’s compliance with Sarbanes Oxley.

Presidio Property Trust faces risks from cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or reputation. The Company has not, to date, experienced cyber incidents in the normal course of its business, nor have prior cybersecurity incidents had a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see the risk factor entitled “Risks related to cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions and other security breaches” in Item 1A- Risk Factors.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES  

General Information

We invest in a diverse multi-tenant portfolio of real estate assets primarily consisting of office/industrial, retail, and model home properties located primarily in the western United States. As of December 31, 2017,2023, we owned or had an equity interest in seventeennine office/industrial buildings totaling approximately 1,463,390758,175 rentable square feet and fivethree retail centers totaling approximately 228,26065,242 rentable square feet. In addition, through our Model Home subsidiary and our investments in foursix limited partnerships and one limited liability company,corporation, we own a total of  132110 Model Home properties located in tenfive states. We directly manage the operations and leasing of our properties. Substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under leases that generally have terms that range from less one to five years.  We estimate that at least 66%The majority of our existingexisting leases as of December 31, 20172023 contain contractual rent increases that provide for increases in the base rental payments. Our tenants consist of local, regional and national businesses. Our properties generally attract a mix of diversified tenant’stenants creating lower risk in periods of economic fluctuations. Our largest tenant represented less than 5%approximately 6.43%  of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.2023.

Geographic Diversification Table

The following table shows a list of properties we owned as of December 31, 2017,2023, grouped by the state where each of our investments is located.

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Office/Industrial and Retail Properties:

Model Home Properties:

The following table summarizes information relating to our properties (excluding model homes) at December 31, 2017:

Property Summary2023:

Property Summary