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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20202022

Commission File Number: 1-1927

THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (330) (330) 796-2121

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sales price of such common stock as of the closing of trading on June 30, 2020,2022, was approximately $2.1$3.0 billion.

Shares of Common Stock, Without Par Value, outstanding at January 31, 2021:2023:

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

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THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20202022

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PART I.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

BUSINESS OF GOODYEAR

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (the “Company”) is an Ohio corporation organized in 1898. Its principal offices are located at 200 Innovation Way, Akron, Ohio 44316-0001. Its telephone number is (330) 796-2121. The terms “Goodyear,” “Company” and “we,” “us” or “our” wherever used herein refer to the Company together with all of its consolidated U.S. and foreign subsidiary companies, unless the context indicates to the contrary.

We are one of the world’s leading manufacturers of tires, engaging in operations in most regions of the world. In 2020,2022, our net sales were $12,321$20,805 million and Goodyear’sGoodyear net lossincome was $1,254$202 million. We develop, manufacture, marketdistribute and distributesell tires for most applications. We also manufacture and marketsell rubber-related chemicals for various applications. We are one of the world’s largest operators of commercial truck service and tire retreading centers. We operate approximately 1,000 950 retail outlets where we offer our products for sale to consumer and commercial customers and provide repair and other services.services. We manufacture our products in 4657 manufacturing facilities in 2123 countries, including the United States, and we have marketing operations in almost every country around the world. We employ approximately 62,00074,000 full-time and temporary associates worldwide.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We make available free of charge on our website, http://www.goodyear.com, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish such reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our reports filed with the SEC may be found on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. The information on our website and the SEC's website is not incorporated by reference in or considered to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

DESCRIPTION OF GOODYEAR’S BUSINESS

On June 7, 2021 (the "Closing Date"), we completed our acquisition of Cooper Tire & Rubber Company ("Cooper Tire") for cash and stock consideration totaling approximately $3.1 billion. Cooper Tire’s results of operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the Closing Date.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING OUR SEGMENTS

For the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, we operated our business through three operating segments representing our regional tire businesses: Americas; Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia Pacific.

Our principal business is the development, manufacture, distribution and sale of tires and related products and services worldwide. We manufacture and marketsell numerous lines of rubber tires for:

In each case, our tires are offered for sale to vehicle manufacturers for mounting as original equipment (“OE”) and for replacement worldwide. We manufacture and sell tires under the Goodyear, Cooper, Dunlop, Kelly, Debica, Sava, Fulda, Mastercraft and FuldaRoadmaster brands and various other Goodyear owned “house” brands, and the private-label brands of certain customers. In certain geographic areas we also:

Our principal products are new tires for most applications. Approximately 84%86% of our sales in 2020,2022, 85% in 20192021 and 84% in 20182020 were for tire units. Sales of chemical products to unaffiliated customers were 3% in 2020, 3% in 2019 and 4% in 2018

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of our consolidated sales in each of 2022, 2021 and 2020 (5%, 5%6% and 7%5% of Americas total sales in 2020, 20192022, 2021 and 2018,2020, respectively). The percentages of each segment’s sales attributable to tire units during the periods indicated were:

Each segment exports tires to other segments. The financial results of each segment exclude sales of tires exported to other segments, but include operating income derived from such transactions.

Goodyear does not include motorcycle, aviation or race tires in reported tire unit sales.

Tire unit sales for each segment during the periods indicated were:

GOODYEAR’S ANNUAL TIRE UNIT SALES — SEGMENT

Our replacement and OE tire unit sales during the periods indicated were:

GOODYEAR’S ANNUAL TIRE UNIT SALES — REPLACEMENT AND OE

New tires are sold under highly competitive conditions throughout the world. On a worldwide basis, we have two major competitors: Bridgestone (based in Japan) and Michelin (based in France). Other significant competitors include Continental, Cooper, Hankook, Kumho, Nexen, Pirelli, Sumitomo, Toyo, Yokohama and various regional tire manufacturers.

We compete with other tire manufacturers on the basis of product design, performance, price and terms, reputation, warranty terms, customer service and consumer convenience. Goodyear, Cooper and Dunlop branded tires enjoy a high recognition factor and have a reputation for performance and product design. The Kelly, Mastercraft, Roadmaster, Debica, Sava and Fulda brands and various house brand tire lines offered by us, and tires manufactured and sold by us to private brand customers, compete primarily on the basis of value and price.

We do not consider our tire businesses to be seasonal to any significant degree.

AMERICAS

Americas, our largest segment in terms of revenue, develops, manufactures, distributes and sells tires and related products and services in North, Central and South America, and sells tires to various export markets, primarily through intersegment sales. Americas manufactures tires in fiveeight plants in the United States, two plants in Canada and fivesix plants in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.

Americas manufactures and sells tires for automobiles, trucks, buses, earthmoving, mining and industrial equipment, aircraft, and various other applications.

Goodyear brand radial passenger tire lines sold throughout Americas include the Assurance family of product lines for the premium and mid-tier passenger and cross-over utility segments; the Eagle and EfficientGrip Performance families of product lines for the high-performance segment; the Wrangler family of product lines for the sport utility vehicle and light truck segments; as well as the WinterCommand and Ultra Grip family of winter tires. Cooper brand radial passenger tire lines sold throughout Americas include those sold under the Mastercraft brand. Additionally, we offer Dunlop brand radial

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tire lines, including Signature and SP Sport for the passenger and performance segments; Grandtrek tire linestires for the cross-over and sport

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utility vehicle and light truck segments; and SP Winter, Winter Maxx and Grandtrek tire linestires for the winter tire segment. Americas also manufactures and sells several lines of Kelly brand radial tires for passenger cars and light trucks including the Kelly Edge A/S, Edge HP and Edge AT. Cooper brand commercial tires sold throughout Americas include those sold under the Roadmaster brand. Our Americas commercial business provides commercial truck tires, retreads, services and business solutions to trucking fleets. Americas also:

In 2020,2022, Americas launched several new consumer tires under the Goodyear brand,and Cooper brands, including the Goodyear WinterCommand Ultra.  AmericasWrangler Workhorse HT and Wrangler Steadfast HT, the Mastercraft Courser Quest and Quest Plus, and the Mastercraft Courser Trail and Trail HD. Americas' commercial business launched new tires under the Goodyear FuelMax, Goodyear Endurance, Goodyear KMAX, GoodyearArmorMax, UrbanMax and Kelly ArmorsteelEndurance lines to servicefor our long haul, regional, mixed service and city service customers. Americas also launched new tires under the Cooper ProSeries and WorkSeries lines and relaunched the Kelly Armorsteel Gen-2 portfolio for long haul, mixed service and city service customers.

In 2018, we formed a 50/50 joint venture with Bridgestone Americas, Inc. (“Bridgestone”) that combined our Company-owned wholesale distribution business and Bridgestone’s tire wholesale warehouse business to create TireHub, LLC (“TireHub”), a national tire distributor in the United States.

Markets and Other Information

Tire unit sales to replacement and OE customers served by Americas during the periods indicated were:

AMERICAS UNIT SALES — REPLACEMENT AND OE

Americas is a major supplier of tires to most manufacturers of automobiles, trucks, buses, aircraft, and earthmoving, mining and industrial equipment that have production facilities located in the Americas.

Americas' primary competitors are Bridgestone and Michelin. Other significant competitors include Continental, Cooper, Nexen, Pirelli, and imports from other regions, primarily Asia.

The principal channel for the sale of Goodyear and Cooper brand tires in Americas is a large network of independent dealers. Goodyear, Cooper, Dunlop, Kelly and KellyMastercraft brand tires are also sold to numerous national and regional retailers, in Goodyear Company-owned stores in the United States, and through the wholesale channel, including through TireHub, LLC ("TireHub"), our sole national wholesale tire distributor in the United States, and a network of aligned U.S. regional wholesale tire distributors.

Our products sold in the United States are subject to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (“FMVSS”) promulgated and enforced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”), which has established various standards and regulations applicable to tires sold in the United States and tires sold in a foreign country that are identical or substantially similar to tires sold in the United States. NHTSA has the authority to order the recall of automotive products, including tires, having a defect related to motor vehicle safety or that do not comply with a motor vehicle safety standard. In addition, the Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation Act (the “TREAD Act”) imposes numerous reporting requirements with respect to the early warning reporting of warranty claims, property damage claims, and bodily injury and

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fatality claims. The FMVSS also require tire manufacturers to comply with rigorous tire testing standards. Compliance with these regulations has increased the cost of producing and distributing tires in the United States.

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EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA

Europe, Middle East and Africa, our second largest segment in terms of revenue, develops, manufactures, distributes and sells tires for automobiles, trucks, buses, aircraft, motorcycles, and earthmoving, mining and industrial equipment throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa under the Goodyear, Dunlop, Debica, Sava, Fulda, Cooper and FuldaAvon brands and other house brands, and sells tires to various export markets, primarily through intersegment sales. EMEA manufactures tires in thirteensixteen plants in France, Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Turkey and Turkey.the United Kingdom. EMEA also:

In 2020,2022, EMEA launched a number of new consumer tires under the Goodyear, Dunlop, Debica, Sava and Fulda brands, including the Goodyear EfficientGrip PerformanceEagle F1 Asymmetric 6 for the ultra-high performance segment, the Goodyear Eagle Sport 2 for the high performance segment and the Goodyear Vector 4Seasons Gen-3 and Dunlop Sport All Season tireUltra Grip Arctic 2 SUV for the all-seasonwinter studded segment. EMEA also introduced a number ofenhanced its commercial truck tires, including line extensions oftire portfolio in all product tiers. In addition, the Goodyear FuelMax Gen-2Endurance range, which provides better fuel efficiency and KMAX Gen-2.  lower CO2 emissions, was extended to additional sizes.

Markets and Other Information

Tire unit sales to replacement and OE customers served by EMEA during the periods indicated were:

EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA UNIT SALES — REPLACEMENT AND OE

EMEA is a significant supplier of tires to most vehicle manufacturers across the region.

EMEA’s primary competitors are Michelin, Bridgestone, Continental, Pirelli, several regional and local tire producers, and imports from other regions, primarily Asia.

Goodyear and Dunlop brand tires are sold for replacement in EMEA through various channels of distribution, principally independent multi-brand tire dealers. In some areas, Goodyear brand tires, as well as Dunlop, Debica, Sava, Fulda, Cooper and FuldaAvon brand tires, are distributed through independent dealers, regional distributors and retail outlets, of which approximately 8050 are owned by Goodyear. In 2020, we took actionslaunched an initiative to better align our European distribution network in order to capture the full value of our products and brands in the marketplace. We continued to make progress on the initiative throughout 2021 and 2022.

Our European operations are subject to regulation by the European Union. The Tire Safety Regulation sets performance standards that tires for passenger cars and light and commercial trucks need to meet for rolling resistance, wet grip braking (passenger car tires only) and noise in order to be sold in the European Union. The Tire Labeling Regulation applies to all passenger car, light truck and commercial truck tires and requires that consumers be informed about the tire's fuel efficiency, wet grip and noise characteristics.

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ASIA PACIFIC

Our Asia Pacific segment develops, manufactures, distributes and sells tires for automobiles, trucks, buses, aircraft, farm, and earthmoving, mining and industrial equipment throughout the Asia Pacific region, and sells tires to various export markets, primarily through intersegment sales. Asia Pacific manufactures tires in sevennine plants in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. Asia Pacific also:

In 2020,2022, Asia Pacific released new consumer tires under the Goodyear brand for the premium passenger vehicle market, including the Goodyear Eagle F1 Sport which builds on the 2019 launches of the Eagle F1 Asymmetric 5 and Eagle F1 SuperSport to complete the renewal of theAssurance ComfortTred tire. In addition, Asia Pacific sport segment. Additionally, we released the EfficientGrip Performance 2 forfirst dedicated electric vehicle ("EV") tire, the Goodyear ElectricDrive line, targeting the fast-growing EV passenger luxury segment and in Japan, the EfficientGrip ECO EG02 for the passenger broad market segment. Asia Pacific also launched two new commercial tires: the S800 to meet increasing mid-size urban bus requirements and the KMAX T210 to meet more demanding requirements of long haul logistics fleets.sport utility vehicle markets.

Markets and Other Information

Tire unit sales to replacement and OE customers served by Asia Pacific during the periods indicated were:

ASIA PACIFIC UNIT SALES — REPLACEMENT AND OE

Asia Pacific’s major competitors are Bridgestone and Michelin along with many other global brands present in different parts of the region, including Continental, Dunlop, Hankook and a large number of regional and local tire producers.

Asia Pacific sells primarily Goodyear and Cooper brand tires throughout the region and also sells the Dunlop brand in Australia and New Zealand. Other brands of tires, such as Remington, Kelly, Mastercraft and Diamondback,Starfire, are sold in smaller quantities. Tires are sold through a network of licensed and franchised retail stores and multi-brand retailers through a network of wholesale dealers as well as through an increasing number of on-line outlets. In Australia, we also operate a network of approximately 180110 retail stores, primarily under the Beaurepaires brand.

GENERAL BUSINESS INFORMATION

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

The principal raw materials used by Goodyear are synthetic and natural rubber. Synthetic rubber accountsaccounted for approximately 52%50% of all rubber consumed by us on an annual basis.in 2022. Our plants located in Beaumont and Houston, Texas supply a major portion of our global synthetic rubber requirements. We purchase all of our requirements for natural rubber in the world market.

Other important raw materials and components we use are carbon black, steel cord, fabrics and petrochemical-based commodities. Substantially all of these raw materials and components are purchased from independent suppliers, except for certain chemicals we manufacture. We purchase most raw materials and components in significant quantities from several suppliers, except in those instances where only one or a few qualified sources are available. Increased demand for consumer products and supply chain disruptions as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other global events, including the conflict in Ukraine, has led to inflationary cost pressures, including higher costs for certain raw materials, higher transportation costs and higher energy costs. We anticipate the continued availability of all raw materials and components we will require during 2021,2023, subject to spot shortages and unexpected disruptions caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, such as hurricanes, andor other events.

Substantial quantities of fuel and other petrochemical-based commodities are used in the production of tires, synthetic rubber and other products. Supplies of such fuels and commodities have been and are expected to continue to be available to us in quantities sufficient to satisfy our anticipated requirements, subject to spot shortages.

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Human Capital Management

At December 31, 2020,2022, we employed approximately 62,00074,000 full-time and temporary associates throughout the world, including approximately 36,00042,000 associates covered under collective bargaining agreements. During 2020, our employment of full-time and temporary associates decreased by approximately 1,000 people, primarily related to the permanent closure of our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility. Approximately 5,700 of our associates in the

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United States are covered by a new master collective bargaining agreement between Goodyear and the United Steelworkers ("USW"), which was ratified in the second half of 2022 and expires in July 2026. Approximately 2,300 of our associates at our Texarkana and Findlay plants in the United States are covered by a masterseparate collective bargaining agreementagreements with the United Steelworkers ("USW"),USW, which expiresexpire in July 2022.June 2024 and February 2024, respectively. In addition, approximately 800 of our associates in the United States are covered by other contracts with the USW and various other unions. Approximately 20,00021,000 of our associates outside of the United States are covered by union contracts that currently have expired or that will expire in 2021,2023, primarily in Germany, Luxembourg,Poland, China, Mexico, Slovenia, France Turkey, India and Mexico.Turkey. Unions represent a major portion of our associates in the United States and Europe.

We continue to experience increased labor-related costs and manufacturing inefficiencies associated with the ongoing tight labor supply, particularly in the U.S. To address this issue, we have accelerated hiring as necessary, increased training capacity and started to adjust future investment plans to consider not just the cost, but also the availability of qualified workers.

Engaging and enabling our associates to realize their full potential is one of our core strategies. This starts with attracting top diverse talent and is followed by fostering inclusion, promoting equity through global inclusive leader training, offering opportunities for skill and career development, promotingsupporting health and wellness, providing a safe and healthy workplace, making a positive impact in our communities, and expecting our associates to know and comply with our compliance and ethics policies.

Talent Management — Our associates are the driving force behind our success. They underpin every aspect of our strategy and help us deliver value to our customers, shareholders and communities. We provide integrated talent management and learning solutions aimed at enabling our associates to reach their full personal and professional potential at Goodyear. We are guided by our talent strategy which focuses on talent attraction, talent development and talent engagement and retention, as well as succession planning.retention. An example of how we attract talent is through campus recruiting into our intern and job rotational programs utilized by several of our functional teams. We offer a number of tools for talent development including Thethe Goodyear Learning Center, which is our in-house collection of online courses available to all associates. In our manufacturing plants, one of the pillars of our plant optimization efforts is Continuous Skills Development, which focuses on developing problem-solving and decision-making skills.

Diversity and Inclusion — A diverse workforce is critical to our long-term success. Embracing and valuing differences allows us to attract top talent, improve associate satisfaction and engagement, foster innovation, and meld varying experiences and perspectives to drive enhanced customer service, business creativity and decision-making. Our goal is to create a work environment where people have a real sense of belonging and are able to thrive. Our commitment is reflected in the policies that govern our workforce, such as our Business Conduct Manual and Global Zero Tolerance policy and is evidenced in our recruiting strategies, succession planning, diversity and inclusion training and Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”), which are key to our inclusion efforts. Our ERGs provide associates access to coaching, mentoring and professional development, and include theADAPT (Abled and Disabled Associates Partnering Together), Goodyear Asia India Middle East (AIM), Goodyear Black Network, Goodyear Veterans Association, Goodyear Women’s Network, Goodyear Pride Network, HOLA (Hispanic/Latino), and Next Generation Leaders and Goodyear Asia India Middle East (AIM).Leaders.

Health and Wellness — Our wellness initiatives take a holistic view of associate health, including physical, emotional, financial and social health, to enable our associates to thrive and bring their best selves to work each day. Goodyear strives to be at the forefront of corporate wellness, and that goal is the driver behind our “GoodLife” wellness program, which is led by our Chief Health Officer, in order to fosterfosters a culture of wellness for all Goodyear associates and their families. To meet the needs of our diverse workforce retirees and their dependents, we offer varying robust benefits packages for our full-time and part-time associates globally.

Workforce Safety and Wellness — Our vision is to have the safest operations in the world. We have established a goal of eliminating all serious injuries and fatalities in our workplace. To reduce the risk of serious injuries we invest in systems that enable us to receive reliable and structured data to enable decision making. We also work to improve our industrial hygiene to prevent work-related illness from noise and the substances used in the manufacturing process and we focus on ergonomics using a six-step problem-solving process to reduce injuries and maximize workplace performance.

Community Engagement — Collaborating with community organizations energizes our associates and helps us build a better future. Our global strategy and efforts are an extension of our business and are aimed at safe mobility, inspiring students to reach their full potential and reducing our environmental impacts. We encourage our associates to participate in our Global Week of Volunteering.

Compliance and Ethics — To “Act with Integrity” is a core component of our global strategy. Each associate is responsible for acting with honesty, integrity and respect every day and everywhere we do business. Our Business Conduct Manual guides our Board of Directors, executive team and all associates globally. We require our global salaried associates to complete training

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annually on our Business Conduct Manual and periodically on subjects such as workplace respect (including discrimination and harassment), financial integrity, privacy and data protection, competition law, anti-corruption and anti-bribery, and being a compliance leader.

Refer to "Overview —6 Results

Table of Operations" included in Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for information on the human capital management actions we have taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Contents

Patents and Trademarks

We own approximately 1,800 product, process and equipment patents issued by the United States Patent Office and approximately 3,6004,900 patents issued or granted in other countries around the world. We have approximately 400500 applications for United States patents pending and approximately 800 patent applications on file in other countries around the world. While such patents and patent applications as a group are important, we do not consider any patent or patent application to be of such importance that the loss or expiration thereof would materially affect Goodyear or any business segment.

We own, control or use approximately 1,5001,600 different trademarks, including several using the word “Goodyear”“Goodyear,” the word “Dunlop” or the word “Dunlop.“Cooper.” Approximately 8,3009,300 registrations and 300 pending applications worldwide protect these trademarks. While such trademarks as a group are important, the only trademarks we consider material to our business, or to the business of any of our segments, are those using the word “Goodyear,“Goodyear” or the word “Cooper,” and with respect to certain of our international business segments, those using the word “Dunlop.” We believe our trademarks are valid and most are of unlimited duration as long as they are adequately protected and appropriately used.

Compliance with Government Regulations

We are subject to extensive regulation under environmental and occupational safety and health laws and regulations worldwide. These laws and regulations relate to, among other things, air emissions, discharges to surface and underground waters, the generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of waste materials and hazardous substances, and workplace safety and health. We have several continuing programs designed to ensure compliance with foreign, federal, state and local environmental and occupational safety and health laws and regulations. We expect capital expenditures for pollution control facilities and occupational safety and health projects to be approximately $40 million and $35$60 million in 2021both 2023 and 2022, respectively.2024.

We also incur ongoing expenses to maintain and operate our pollution control facilities and conduct our other environmental activities, including the control and disposal of hazardous substances. These expenditures are expected to be sufficient to comply with existing environmental laws and regulations and are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our competitive position. In the future, we may incur increased costs and additional charges associated with environmental compliance and cleanup projects necessitated by the identification of new waste sites, the impact of new environmental laws and regulatory standards, or the availability of new technologies. Compliance with foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations in the future may require a material increase in our capital expenditures and could adversely affect our earnings and competitive position.

In addition, compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations increases our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include import and export laws, anti-competition laws, anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and the U.K. Bribery Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, data privacy laws such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), tax laws, and accounting, internal control and disclosure requirements.

Refer to “Description of Goodyear’s Business – Americas” and “Description of Goodyear’s Business – Europe, Middle East and Africa” included in this Item 1, “Business” for information regarding compliance with government regulations in each of those segments.

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Climate Change and Sustainability

In 2021, we announced our climate ambition, which includes our goal to reach net-zero scope 1 and 2 and certain scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, aligned with the Science-Based Targets initiative (“SBTi”) and its Net-Zero Standard. We also announced our commitment to achieve near-term science-based targets by 2030, including reducing scope 1 and 2 emissions by 46% and certain scope 3 emissions by 28%, as compared to 2019. Our climate ambition includes several other important long-term sustainability goals, including our commitments to use all renewable energy in our manufacturing facilities and processes by 2040, replace all petroleum-derived oils in our products by 2040 and develop a tire made of 100% sustainable materials by 2030.

Climate considerations are driving change in the transportation sector. Advanced forms of mobility, such as electric vehicles, ride sharing and fleets, autonomous vehicles and connected vehicles, have the potential to reduce vehicle emissions and energy use. Companies in the transportation sector are setting ambitious climate goals that require the support of the entire supply chain to achieve.

We have established a robust process that uses internal and external insights to identify, assess and report climate-related risks and opportunities.

The move to a low-carbon economy creates growth opportunities within the tire industry that we are well positioned to leverage through our continued innovation. We have a proven track record of producing tires for electric and autonomous vehicles, developing tires and rubber compounds that contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions by lowering rolling resistance and reducing tire weight, and providing fleet solution services that promote fuel efficiency. We maintain strong relationships with our supply chain partners which, coupled with our global scale, can be leveraged to either avoid or minimize climate-related supply chain disruptions.

Climate change poses risks that could adversely impact our operations, including risks related to our plans to continue to develop and supply the types of products, services and technologies requested by consumers. Such risks also include an increase in severe weather events that could temporarily disrupt our operations or supply chain or the operations of our customers and the cost of compliance associated with increased climate-related regulations globally, including increased disclosure obligations or being subject to carbon taxes or similar mechanisms in the European Union or the emergence of such programs in other countries. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of these and our other risk factors.

Federal, state, local and foreign governments and regulatory agencies continue to consider various options and measures to control greenhouse gas emissions in response to climate change. We strive to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, carefully monitor our energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions, and set company-wide and facility-specific goals to reduce our operational impacts. As part of our commitment to reduce our operational impact, we continue to focus on reducing energy consumption and emissions in our factories and utilizing renewable energy sources. We achieved our previously announced goal to procure 100% renewable electricity across all of our facilities in Europe and Turkey by the end of 2022.

We continue to focus on the resiliency of our supply chain by developing alternative, more sustainable material sources and increasing our use of more sustainable materials that deliver either the same or enhanced product quality and performance. We also select suppliers that uphold fair working conditions, use sustainable harvesting practices and share our values. Our technology teams work to investigate and incorporate new technologies and materials, including renewable and recycled materials, that reduce our value chain greenhouse gas emissions. An example is our use of rice husk ash as an alternative to traditional silica.

In early 2023, we announced the release of a demonstration tire with 90% sustainable materials that is approved for road use. The development of this tire signals great progress toward our goal of developing a 100% sustainable-material tire by 2030.

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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Set forth below are: (1) the names and ages of all executive officers of the Company at February 9, 2021,13, 2023, (2) all positions with the Company presently held by each such person, and (3) the positions held by, and principal areas of responsibility of, each such person during the last five years.

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No family relationship exists between any of the above executive officers or between the executive officers and any director of the Company.

Each executive officer is elected by the Board of Directors of the Company at its annual meeting to a term of one year or until his or her successor is duly elected. In those instances where the person is elected at other than an annual meeting, such person’s term will expire at the next annual meeting.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

You should carefully consider the risks described below and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K when considering an investment decision with respect to our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our business operations. Any of the events discussed in the risk factors below may occur. If they do, our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity could be materially adversely affected. In such an instance, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to the Cooper Tire Acquisition

We may not achieve all of the intended benefits of the acquisition of Cooper Tire and our integration efforts may disrupt our current plans or operations.

Although we are on track to achieve the expected synergies from the Cooper Tire acquisition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully complete the integration of Cooper Tire’s operations and assets or otherwise realize the remaining expected benefits of the acquisition (including additional operating and other cost synergies). We expect to continue our efforts to integrate Cooper Tire during the first half of 2023. Difficulties in integrating Cooper Tire and Goodyear may result in Goodyear performing differently than expected, in operational challenges, in the failure to realize or sustain anticipated run-rate cost synergies and efficiencies in the expected timeframe or at all, or in the difficulty or failure of utilizing our available U.S. tax attributes, in which case the Cooper Tire acquisition may not be accretive to earnings per share, may not improve our balance sheet position, may not enhance our ability to delever, and may not generate additional free cash flow due to reduced cash tax payments. The continued integration of the two companies may result in material challenges, including the diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business concerns; retaining key management and other employees; retaining or attracting business and operational relationships; the possibility of faulty assumptions underlying expectations regarding the integration process and associated expenses; consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; coordinating geographically separate organizations; unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems; as well as potential unknown liabilities or unforeseen expenses or delays relating to integration.

Risks Related to Operations

Our results of operations and financial condition have been, adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity are expectedmay continue to be, adversely impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, or similar public health crises, and that impact may be material.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significantcaused, and continues to cause, volatility in the global economy, the tire industry and ledour business. In response to a dramatic reduction in economic activity worldwide. International,the pandemic, international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities have takentook extraordinary actions to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 throughout most regions of the world, including travel bans, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and similar mandates that have caused many individuals to substantially restrict their daily activities and many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.operations, and they may take additional or further actions in the future.

The tire industry has been negatively impacted by this evolving situation, particularly earlier insituation. In 2020, whichthere was characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment manufacturers suspendingsuspended or severely limitinglimited automobile production globally. Our results haveRecovery in automobile production globally has been constrained by supply chain disruptions, including an insufficient availability of semiconductor chips, caused by COVID-19 and are likely to continue to be, adversely impacted by this economic disruption, including lower tire volume, sales, income and cash flow. In addition, our ability to continue implementing important strategic initiatives and capital expendituresa variety of global factors.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, or similar public health crises, may be reduced as we devote time and other resources to

responding to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March 2020, we announced the suspension of production at our manufacturing facilitiesresult in Europe and the Americas due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Production was suspended or significantly limited at most of our manufacturing facilities around the world during parts of the first half of 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, we completed a phased restart of most of our manufacturing facilities.  Most of our factories returned to full capacity by the end of the third quarter and remained at full capacity during the fourth quarter. Our decisions to change future production levels in the future will be based on an evaluation of market demand signals, inventory and supply levels, as well as our ability to continue to safeguard the health of our associates. During 2021, weWe have experienced, and may experience in the future, unexpected delays or obstacles, such as disruptions in our and our customers' supply chainchains or government mandates, that may hamper our ability to achieve planned production levels. Further, we will not be ableDue to operate at optimal levels of efficiency given new work rulesnational and procedures that were implementedlocal efforts to protect our associates and increased absenteeism as a result of communitycontain the spread of COVID-19.COVID-19 and its related variants in certain countries, such as China, renewed stay-at-home orders and other restrictions on mobility required us to temporarily shut down or limit production at some of our facilities, including our facilities in Pulandian and Kunshan, China, at various times throughout 2022. Any suspension of production at our manufacturing facilities, or difficulties or inefficiencies in resuming or increasing production, is likely to adversely impact our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and that impact may be material. In addition, our ability to continue implementing important strategic initiatives and capital expenditures may be reduced as we devote time and other resources to responding to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar public health crises.

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Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from our operating and financing activities. Our cash flows from operating activities are driven primarily by our operating results and changes in our working capital requirements and our cash flows from financing activities are dependent upon our ability to access credit or other capital. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for an extended period of time or worsens,becomes more pronounced in markets where we operate, our liquidity position may deteriorate. While we actively monitor our liquidity and took a number of actions aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our cash flows and liquidity, our cash flows from operating activities may decline if global economic activity remains low anddeclines or we are unable to have sufficient access to credit or other capital. For example, the borrowing base under our first lien revolving credit facility is dependent, in significant part, on our eligible accounts receivable and inventory, which have declined as a result ofwould decline if our lower sales and production levels due to the COVID-19 pandemic.declined. Additionally, our European revolving credit facility contains a leverage ratio covenant applicable to Goodyear Europe B.V. and its subsidiaries. While we are currently in compliance with this covenant, if we were unable to satisfy this covenant in the future or obtain a waiver from our lenders, we would no longer be able to access our €800 million European revolving credit facility or our pan-European accounts receivable securitization facility.

The situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic remains fluid. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity will depend on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the pandemic, itsresurgence in COVID-19 cases, travel restrictions, government mandated restrictions and regulations, business and workforce disruptions, the impact on our customers and suppliers, how quickly normal economic conditions, operations and the demand for our products, can resume,the effectiveness of actions taken to contain and treat the disease, including the efficacy of and ability to widely distribute vaccinations and therapeutics, and whether the pandemic leads to recessionary conditions in any of our key markets. Government-sponsored liquidity or stimulus programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may not be available to us or our customers or suppliers, and if available, may be insufficient to address

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the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the ultimate impact on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity cannot be determined at this time.

The To the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic hasadversely affects our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, it may also exacerbated severalhave the effect of significantly heightening many of the other risks disclosed below, including, but not limited to, the following (which are identified by their caption):associated with our business, operations and indebtedness.

If we do not successfully implement our strategic initiatives, our operating results, financial condition and liquidity may be materially adversely affected.

Our results for 2020 were highly influenced by the severe economic disruption caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.  The tire industry has been negatively impacted by this evolving situation, particularly earlier in the year, which was characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally.  Our results have been, and are likely to continue to be, adversely impacted by this economic disruption, including lower tire volume, sales, income and cash flow.  In this environment, global tire industry demand continues to be difficult to predict.

We are pursuing important strategic initiatives, such as our operationalinnovation excellence, sales and marketing excellence and operational excellence initiatives. Our innovation excellence initiatives.initiatives are designed to create leading technologies, products and services that anticipate the mobility and sustainability needs of consumers and fleets. Our sales and marketing excellence initiatives are intended to capture the value of our brands and grow our market share, helping our customers win in their markets and ensuring we are the preferred choice of consumers. Our operational excellence initiatives are aimed at improving our manufacturingsafety, quality and efficiency and creating an advantaged supply chain focused on reducing our total delivered costs, optimizing working capital levels and delivering best in industry customer service. Our sales and marketing excellence initiatives are intended to buildthat delivers the value of our brand, help our customers win in their markets, and become consumers' preferred choice. Our innovation excellence initiatives are designed to develop great products and services that anticipate and respondright tire, to the needs of consumers.right place, at the right time, at the right cost. If we fail to execute these initiatives successfully or if the assumptions used in developing the initiatives vary significantly from actual conditions, we may fail to achieve our financial goals.

We believe that our manufacturing footprint is less cost-competitive than that of our principal competitors. To begin to address this competitive disadvantage, we are curtailing production of tires for declining, less profitable segments of the tire market (including closure of our Melksham, United Kingdom tire manufacturing facility) and undertaking significant capital investments in building, expanding and modernizing certain manufacturing facilities around the world to strengthen the competitiveness of our manufacturing footprint and increase production of premium, large-rim diameter consumer tires. The failure to implement successfully this or our other important strategic initiatives may materially adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

We continue to face distribution challenges in Europe which have adversely impacted our consumer replacement tire business in that region.  In 2020, we continued to address these challenges by taking actions to better align our European distribution network in order to capture the full value of our products and brands in the marketplace.  This project is ongoing and although significant progress has been made, the remaining changes we are pursuing to our distribution network in Europe could lead to continued disruption in our consumer replacement sales in 2021.  If we fail to address the distribution challenges that we face, or our plans to align our distribution network in Europe do not achieve the desired result, our competitive position may deteriorate and our operating results, financial condition and liquidity could be adversely affected.

Our performance is also dependent on our ability to improve the volume and mix of higher margin tires we sell in our targeted market segments. In order to do so, we must be successful in developing, producing, marketing and selling products that consumers desire and that offer higher margins to us. Shifts in consumer demand away from higher margin tires could

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materially adversely affect our business. We have been capacity constrained from time to time with respect to the production of certain higher margin tires, particularly in the United States. When faced with these constraints, we try to alleviate them by utilizing our global manufacturing footprint to meet the demand for our tires and by adding manufacturing capacity. However, in spite of these initiatives, we may not be able to meet all of the demand for certain of our higher margin tires, which could harm our competitive position and limit our growth.

We cannot assure you that our strategic initiatives will be successful. If not, we may not be able to achieve or sustain future profitability, which would impair our ability to meet our debt and other obligations and would otherwise negatively affect our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

We face significant global competition and our market share could decline.

New tires are sold under highly competitive conditions throughout the world. We compete with other tire manufacturers on the basis of product design, performance, price and terms, reputation, warranty terms, customer service and consumer convenience. On a worldwide basis, we have two major competitors, Bridgestone (based in Japan) and Michelin (based in France), that have

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large shares of the markets of the countries in which they are based and are aggressively seeking to maintain or improve their worldwide market share. Other significant competitors include Continental, Cooper, Hankook, Kumho, Nexen, Pirelli, Sumitomo, Toyo, Yokohama and various regional tire manufacturers. Our competitors produce significant numbers of tires in low-cost countries, and have announced plans to further increase their production capacity in those countries as well asaround the United States.globe. Increasingly, our competitors are making decisions on where to produce tires based not only on production cost, but in combination with total delivery cost, supply chain reliability and sustainability considerations. These increases in production capacity may result in even greater competition in the United States and elsewhere.

Our ability to compete successfully will depend, in significant part, on our ability to continue to innovate and manufacture the types of tires demanded by consumers, and to reduce costs by such means as reducing excess and high-cost capacity, leveraging global purchasing, improving productivity, eliminating redundancies and increasing production at low-cost supply sources. If we are unable to compete successfully, our market share may decline, materially adversely affecting our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the automotive industry may experience significant changes due to the introduction of new technologies, such as electric and autonomous vehicles, or new services, business models or methods of travel, such as ride sharing. As the automotive industry evolves, we may need to provide a wider range of products and services to remain competitive, including products that we do not currently have the capability to manufacture or services that we do not currently offer. The demand for our products may also decline if automotive production declines and/or total vehicle miles traveled declines.declines, including as a result of increasing fuel costs. If we do not accurately predict, prepare for and respond to market developments, technological innovations and changing customer and consumer needs and preferences, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our capital expenditures may not be adequate to maintain our competitive position and may not be implemented in a timely or cost-effective manner.

Our capital expenditures are limited by our liquidity and capital resources and by the need to pay our other expenses and to maintain adequate cash reserves and borrowing capacity to meet unexpected demands that may arise. We believe that our ratio of capital expenditures to sales is lower than the comparable ratio for our principal competitors.

Productivity improvements and manufacturing cost improvements may be required to offset potential increases in labor and raw material costs, including inflationary increases, and competitive price pressures. In addition, as part of our strategy to reduce high-cost and excess manufacturing capacity and to increase our capacity to produce higher margin tires, we may need to modernize or expand our facilities. We may also need to make additional capital expenditures in order to achieve our global climate ambition and related goals. We are currently undertaking significant construction, expansion and modernization projects globally.

We may not have sufficient resources to implement planned capital expenditures with minimal disruption to our existing manufacturing operations, or within desired time frames and budgets. Any disruption to our operations, delay in implementing capital improvements or unexpected costs may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to make sufficient capital expenditures, or to maximize the efficiency of the capital expenditures we do make, we may be unable to achieve productivity improvements, which may harm our competitive position, to manufacture the products necessary to compete successfully in our targeted market segments, or to achieve our global climate ambition and related goals. In addition, plant construction and modernization may temporarily disrupt our manufacturing operations and lead to temporary increases in our costs.

A prolonged economic downturn or economic uncertainty could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Deterioration of global or regional economic conditions, including recession, financial instability, inflation, labor shortages or energy availability and costs (including fuel surcharges), could negatively impact our business and our results of operations. A prolonged economic downturn can adversely affect OE production levels and consumer spending habits on replacement tires, resulting in lower-than-expected net sales. Inflation, which has risen significantly, has and may continue to increase our operational costs, including labor, transportation and energy costs, and continued increases in interest rates in response to concerns about inflation may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty or creating recessionary economic conditions. As a result, instability and weakness of the U.S. and global economies, including due to recession, inflation, high unemployment, disruptions to financial markets, geopolitical events and other effects caused directly or indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the corresponding negative effects on consumer spending, may materially negatively affect our business and results of operations.

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Raw material, energy and energytransportation costs may materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Raw material, energy and transportation costs have historically been volatile, and wecan be volatile. Inflationary cost pressures, among other factors, may experiencecause increases in the prices of natural and synthetic rubber, carbon black and petrochemical-based commodities. Market conditions, including actions by competitors, or contractual obligations may prevent us from passing any such increased costs on to our customers through timely price increases. Additionally, higherincreased demand for consumer products and supply chain disruptions as a result of the pandemic and other global events, including port congestion and container shortages, has led to inflationary cost pressures on transportation. Higher raw material, energy and energytransportation costs around the world may offset our efforts to reduce our cost structure. As a result, higherHigh demand for and/or limited availability of raw materialmaterials and other energy costssources could result in declining margins and operating results and adversely affect our financial condition. The volatility of raw material costs may cause our margins, operating results and liquidity to fluctuate. In addition, lower raw material costs may put downward pressure on the price of tires, which could ultimately reduce our margins and adversely affect our results of operations. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate sources of raw materials, energy or transportation, its operations could be interrupted. In addition, fluctuations in the price of gasoline for consumers can affect driving and purchasing habits and impact demand for tires.

If we fail to extend or renegotiate significant collective bargaining contracts with our labor unions as they expire from time to time, or if our unionized employees were to engage in a strike or other work stoppage or interruption, our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.

We are a party to collective bargaining contracts with our labor unions, which represent a significant number of our employees. Our masteremployees, including our collective bargaining agreements with the USW. The new Goodyear agreement with the USW, which covers approximately 5,700 of our associates in the United States at December 31, 2020,2022, was ratified in the second half of 2022 and expires in July 2022.2026. Approximately 2,300 of our associates at our Texarkana and Findlay plants in the United States at December 31, 2022 are covered by separate collective bargaining agreements with the USW, which expire in June 2024 and February 2024, respectively. In addition, approximately 20,00021,000 of our associates outside of the United States are covered by union contracts that have expired or are expiring in 2021,2023, primarily in Germany, Luxembourg,Poland, China, Mexico, Slovenia, France Turkey, India and Mexico.Turkey. Although we believe that our relations with our associates are satisfactory, no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements as they expire from time to time. If we fail to extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements, if disputes with our unions arise, or if our unionized workers engage in a strike or other work stoppage or interruption, we could experience a significant

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disruption of, or inefficiencies in, our operations or incur higher labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

We could be negatively impacted by the imposition of tariffs on imported tires and other goods.

The imposition of tariffs on certain tires imported from China or other countries may reduce our flexibility to utilize our global manufacturing footprint to meet demand for our tires around the world. In addition, the imposition of tariffs in the United States may result in the tires subject to such tariffs being diverted to other regions of the world, such as Europe, Latin America or Asia, or in retaliatory tariffs or other actions by affected countries. Broad-based tariffs and other trade restrictions could also increase costs for our suppliers who may increase prices to us. Finally, tariffs and other trade restrictions may weaken the economies of key markets for us, such as China, resulting in lower economic growth rates and weakened demand for our products and services. These factors, individually or together, could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our international operations have certain risks that may materially adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

We have manufacturing and distribution facilities throughout the world. Our international operations are subject to certain inherent risks, including:

The likelihood of such occurrences and their potential effect on us vary from country to country and are unpredictable. Certain regions, including Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, are inherently more economically and politically volatile and, as a result, our business units that operate in these regions could be subject to significant fluctuations in sales and operating income from quarter to quarter. Because a significant percentage of our operating income in recent years has come from these regions, adverse fluctuations in the operating results in these regions could have a significant impact on our results of operations in future periods.

In addition, compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations increases our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include import and export laws, anti-competition laws, anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and the U.K. Bribery Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, data privacy laws such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation,GDPR, labor laws, tax laws, and accounting, internal control and disclosure requirements. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in civil and criminal fines, penalties and sanctions against

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us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries, and could also materially affect our reputation, business and results of operations. In certain foreign jurisdictions, there is a higher risk of fraud or corruption and greater difficulty in maintaining effective internal controls and compliance programs. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate our policies or applicable laws and regulations.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the resulting government sanctions could result in significant macroeconomic consequences, including increased inflationary pressures, market volatility, economic restrictions and business disruptions, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

While it remains challenging to operate our business in Ukraine, we were able to resume shipments of tires into the country on a limited basis during the second quarter of 2022 and to expand our shipments during the second half of the year. In addition, we previously suspended all shipments of tires to Russia during the first quarter of 2022 and approved the discontinuation of our Russian operations in January 2023. These actions have not had and are not expected to have a direct material impact on our financial results. Nonetheless, the ongoing conflict has aggravated already challenging macroeconomic trends, including global supply chain disruptions, higher costs for certain raw materials and higher energy and transportation costs. The conflict has led to increases in the cost of energy and the potential for energy shortages, especially in Europe. We have taken steps to offset the increased cost, but we cannot predict the degree to or the time period over which energy costs will increase.

In response to Russia’s invasion in Ukraine, a number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom and members of the European Union, have implemented economic sanctions on Russia and certain Russian enterprises and individuals. The conflict could result in further sanctions and embargoes, regional instability and potential retaliatory action by the Russian government, including cyber-attacks. While we continue to take actions to ensure the safety of our associates and the continuity of our business operations, the extent of the conflict’s impact on the global economy cannot be predicted.

Financial difficulties, work stoppages, supply disruptions or economic conditions affecting our major customers, dealers or suppliers could harm our business.

The tire industry has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 was characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally; the industry is still recovering. In addition, supply chain issues impacted new vehicle production throughout 2021 and 2022. As a result of these factors, automotive vehicle production and global tire industry demand continues to be difficult to predict.

Although sales to our OE customers accounted for approximately 15% of our net sales in 2022, demand for our products by OE customers and production levels at our facilities are impacted by automotive vehicle production. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and sensitive to general economic conditions and other factors, such as credit availability, interest rates, fuel prices, and consumer preference and confidence. Economic declines that result in a significant reduction in automotive production would have an adverse effect on our sales to OE customers. We may experience future declines in sales volume due to declines in new vehicle production and sales, the performance, discontinuation or sale of certain OE brands, platforms or programs, increased competition, or weakness in the demand for replacement tires, which could result in us incurring under-absorbed fixed costs at our production facilities or slowing the rate at which we are able to recover those costs. At various times, some regions around the world may be more particularly impacted by these factors than other regions.

Automotive production can also be affected by the ongoing pandemic, labor relation issues or shortages, financial difficulties or supply disruptions. Our OE customers could experience production disruptions resulting from their own or supplier labor,

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financial or supply difficulties, or from government actions to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19. Such events may cause an OE customer to reduce or suspend vehicle production. Other customers, such as dealers, retailers or distributors, may experience similar disruptions to their operations. As a result, a customer could halt or significantly reduce purchases of our products, which would harm our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. We cannot predict when customers will decide to increase or decrease inventory levels or whether new inventory levels will approximate historical inventory levels. Uncertainty and other unexpected fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Our suppliers could also experience production disruptions due to the ongoing pandemic or labor, financial, supply or transportation difficulties, or new environmental laws or stricter enforcement of existing environmental laws. Any such production disruptions may result in the unexpected closure of our suppliers' facilities or increases in the cost of our raw materials, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the bankruptcy, restructuring or consolidation of one or more of our major customers, dealers or suppliers could result in the write-off of accounts receivable, a reduction in purchases of our products or a supply disruption to our facilities, which could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel our business could be materially adversely affected.

Our business substantially depends on the continued service of key members of our management. The loss of the services of a significant number of members of our management could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, such as engineering, marketing and senior management professionals. Competition for these employees is intense, and we could experience difficulty from time to time in hiring and retaining the personnel necessary to support our business. Our ability to attract and retain employees may also be hampered by downturns in the automotive and tire industries, which could result in reduced payments under our incentive compensation plans, as well as by greater competition due to the increase in use of remote working environments. If we do not succeed in retaining our current employees and attracting new high quality employees, our business could be materially adversely affected.

Increasing competition for highly skilled and talented workers, as well as labor shortages, could adversely affect our business.

A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us or increase labor costs, including high employment levels and government regulations. Although we have not experienced any material labor shortages to date, we have observed an increasingly competitive labor market. The increasing competition for highly skilled and talented employees has resulted, and could in the future result, in higher compensation costs and could result in difficulties in maintaining a capable workforce. If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high-level, or if mitigation measures we may take to respond to a decrease in labor availability, such as overtime and third-party outsourcing, have unintended negative effects, our business could be adversely affected. A sustained labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor cost inflation, caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees, which could negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our manufacturing and distribution facilities and overall business and have other adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

We have substantial fixed costs and, as a result, our operating income fluctuates disproportionately with changes in our net sales.

We operate with significant operating and financial leverage. Significant portions of our manufacturing, selling, administrative and general expenses are fixed costs that neither increase nor decrease proportionately with sales. In addition, a significant portion of our interest expense is fixed. There can be no assurance that we would be able to reduce our fixed costs proportionately in response to a decline in our net sales and therefore our competitiveness could be significantly impacted. As a result, a decline in our net sales could result in a higher percentage decline in our income from operations and net income.

Environmental issues, including climate change, or legal, regulatory or market measures to address environmental issues, may negatively affect our business and operations and cause us to incur significant costs.

Our manufacturing and distribution facilities are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign currency translationlaws and transaction risksregulations designed to protect the environment, including increased government regulations to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions as a result of concern over climate change, and we expect that additional requirements with respect to environmental matters, including reporting requirements, will be imposed on us in the future. In addition, we have contractual

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indemnification obligations for environmental remediation costs and liabilities that may materially adversely affectarise relating to certain divested operations.

There is also growing concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may have an adverse impact on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. In the event that issues related to such climate change have a negative effect on our business, we may be subjected to decreased availability or less favorable pricing for certain raw materials, including natural rubber. Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions may also disrupt the productivity of our facilities, our supply chain or the operations of our customers. If the frequency or severity of extreme weather and natural disasters increases over time, we may experience a greater number of losses at certain of our facilities. Such losses could lead to an increase in the deductibles or cost of insurance for those facilities, or to the unavailability of insurance on terms that are acceptable to us.

Our manufacturing facilities may become subject to further limitations on the emission of greenhouse gases due to public policy concerns regarding climate change issues or other environmental or health and safety concerns. While the form of any additional regulations cannot be predicted, a “cap-and-trade” system similar to the one adopted in the European Union could be adopted in the United States. Any such “cap-and-trade” system (including the system currently in place in the European Union) or other limitations imposed on the emission of greenhouse gases could require us to increase our capital expenditures, use our cash to acquire emission credits or restructure our manufacturing operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

The financial positionMaterial future expenditures may be necessary if compliance standards change, if material unknown conditions that require remediation are discovered, or if required remediation of known conditions becomes more extensive than expected. If we fail to comply with present and future environmental laws and regulations, we could be subject to future liabilities or the suspension of production, which could harm our business or results of operations of many ofoperations. Environmental laws could also restrict our international subsidiaries are initially recordedability to expand our facilities or could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses in various foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rate for inclusion inconnection with our financial statements. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar against these foreign currencies ordinarily has a negative impact on our reported sales and operating margin (and conversely, the weakening of the U.S. dollar against these foreign currencies has a positive impact). For the year ended December 31, 2020, foreign currency translation unfavorably affected sales by $233 million and unfavorably affected segment operating income by $2 million comparedmanufacturing processes.

Risks Related to the year ended December 31, 2019. The volatility of currency exchange rates may materially adversely affect our operating results.Our Capital Structure

Our long termlong-term ability to meet our obligations, to repay maturing indebtedness or to implement strategic initiatives may be dependent on our ability to access capital markets in the future and to improve our operating results.

The adequacy of our liquidity depends on our ability to achieve an appropriate combination of operating improvements, financing from third parties and access to capital markets. We may need to undertake additional financing actions in the capital markets in order to ensure that our future liquidity requirements are addressed or to implement strategic initiatives. These actions may include the issuance of additional debt or equity, or the factoring of our accounts receivable.

Our access to the capital markets cannot be assured and is dependent on, among other things, the ability and willingness of financial institutions to extend credit on terms that are acceptable to us or our suppliers, or to honor future draws on our existing lines of credit, and the degree of success we have in implementing our strategic initiatives. We have continued our use of supplier financing programs and the factoring of our accounts receivable in order to improve our working capital efficiency and reduce our costs. If these programs become unavailable or less attractive to us or our suppliers, our liquidity could be adversely affected.

Future liquidity requirements, or our inability to access cash deposits or make draws on our lines of credit, also may make it necessary for us to incur additional debt. A substantial portion of our assets is subject to liens securing our indebtedness. As a result, we are limited in our ability to pledge our remaining assets as security for additional secured indebtedness.

Our inability to access the capital markets or incur additional debt in the future could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations, and could require us to consider further measures, including deferring planned capital expenditures, reducing discretionary spending, selling additional assets and restructuring existing debt.

Financial difficulties, work stoppages, supply disruptions or economic conditions affecting our major customers, dealers or suppliers could harm our business.

The tire industry has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly earlier in 2020, which was characterized by a sudden and sharp decline in replacement tire demand and original equipment manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally. As a result of the ongoing pandemic, automotive vehicle production and global tire industry demand continues to be difficult to predict.

Although sales to our OE customers accounted for approximately 17% of our net sales in 2020, demand for our products by OE customers and production levels at our facilities are impacted by automotive vehicle production. We may experience future declines in sales volume due to declines in new vehicle sales, the performance, discontinuation or sale of certain OE brands, platforms or programs, increased competition, or weakness in the demand for replacement tires, which could result in us incurring under-absorbed fixed costs at our production facilities or slowing the rate at which we are able to recover those costs.

Automotive production can also be affected by the ongoing pandemic, labor relation issues, financial difficulties or supply disruptions. Our OE customers could experience production disruptions resulting from their own or supplier labor, financial or supply difficulties, or from government actions to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19. Such events may cause an OE customer to reduce or suspend vehicle production. Other customers, such as dealers, retailers or distributors, may

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experience similar disruptions to their operations.  As a result, a customer could halt or significantly reduce purchases of our products, which would harm our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our suppliers could also experience production disruptions due to the ongoing pandemic or labor, financial or supply difficulties, or new environmental laws or stricter enforcement of existing environmental laws. Any such production disruptions may result in the unexpected closure of our suppliers' facilities or increases in the cost of our raw materials, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the bankruptcy, restructuring or consolidation of one or more of our major customers, dealers or suppliers could result in the write-off of accounts receivable, a reduction in purchases of our products or a supply disruption to our facilities, which could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our capital expenditures may not be adequate to maintain our competitive position and may not be implemented in a timely or cost-effective manner.

Our capital expenditures are limited by our liquidity and capital resources and the amount we have available for capital spending is limited by the need to pay our other expenses and to maintain adequate cash reserves and borrowing capacity to meet unexpected demands that may arise. In addition, we significantly reduced our capital expenditures in 2020 in order to preserve cash as part of our response to the COVID-19 pandemic.  We believe that our ratio of capital expenditures to sales is lower than the comparable ratio for our principal competitors.

Productivity improvements and manufacturing cost improvements may be required to offset potential increases in labor and raw material costs and competitive price pressures. In addition, as part of our strategy to reduce high-cost and excess manufacturing capacity and to increase our capacity to produce higher margin tires, we may need to modernize or expand our facilities. We are currently undertaking significant construction, expansion and modernization projects in the United States, Germany, Slovenia and Thailand.

We may not have sufficient resources to implement planned capital expenditures with minimal disruption to our existing manufacturing operations, or within desired time frames and budgets. Any disruption to our operations, delay in implementing capital improvements or unexpected costs may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

If we are unable to make sufficient capital expenditures, or to maximize the efficiency of the capital expenditures we do make, we may be unable to achieve productivity improvements, which may harm our competitive position, or to manufacture the products necessary to compete successfully in our targeted market segments. In addition, plant construction and modernization may temporarily disrupt our manufacturing operations and lead to temporary increases in our costs.

We have a substantial amount of debt, which could restrict our growth, place us at a competitive disadvantage or otherwise materially adversely affect our financial health.

We have a substantial amount of debt. As of December 31, 2020,2022, our debt (including finance leases) on a consolidated basis was approximately $6.0$7.9 billion. Our substantial amount of debt and other obligations could have important consequences. For example, it could:

The agreements governing our debt, including our credit agreements, limit, but do not prohibit, us from incurring additional debt and we may incur a significant amount of additional debt in the future, including additional secured debt. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, our ability to satisfy our debt obligations may become more limited.

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Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to refinance, our debt and other obligations will depend on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to our ability to implement our strategic initiatives, prevailing economic conditions and certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service and other obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay expansion plans and capital expenditures, sell material assets or operations, obtain additional capital or restructure our debt. We cannot assure you that our operating performance, cash flow and capital resources will be sufficient to pay our debt obligations when they become due. We cannot assure you that we would be able to dispose of material assets or operations, obtain additional capital or restructure our debt or other obligations if necessary or, even if we were able to take such actions, that we could do so on terms that are acceptable to us.

Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of our debt instruments, or a material reduction in the borrowing base under our revolving credit facility, could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

The agreements governing our secured credit facilities, senior unsecured notes and our other outstanding indebtedness impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions may affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. These restrictions limit our ability to, among other things:

Availability under our first lien revolving credit facility is subject to a borrowing base, which is based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory, the value of our principal trademarks, the value of eligible machinery and equipment, and certain cash in an amount not to exceed $200$275 million. To the extent that our eligible accounts receivable and inventory and other components of the borrowing base decline in value, our borrowing base will decrease and the availability under that facility may decrease below its stated amount. In addition, if at any time the amount of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit under that facility exceeds the borrowing base, we are required to prepay borrowings and/or cash collateralize letters of credit sufficient to eliminate the excess.

Our ability to comply with these covenants or to maintain our borrowing base may be affected by events beyond our control, including deteriorating economic conditions, and these events could require us to seek waivers or amendments of covenants or alternative sources of financing or to reduce expenditures. We cannot assure you that such waivers, amendments or alternative financing could be obtained, or if obtained, would be on terms acceptable to us.

A breach of any of the covenants or restrictions contained in any of our existing or future financing agreements, including the financial covenants in our secured credit facilities, could result in an event of default under those agreements. Such a default could allow the lenders under our financing agreements, if the agreements so provide, to discontinue lending, to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies, and/or to declare all borrowings outstanding thereunder to be due and payable. In addition, the lenders could terminate any commitments they have to provide us with further funds. If any of these events occur, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient funds available

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to pay in full the total amount of obligations that become due as a result of any such acceleration, or that we will be able to find additional or alternative financing to refinance any such accelerated obligations. Even if we obtain additional or alternative financing, we cannot assure you that it would be on terms that would be acceptable to us.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to remain in compliance with the covenants to which we are subject in the future and, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from our lenders or amend the covenants.

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Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Certain of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, which would require us to use more of our available cash to service our indebtedness. There can also be no assurance that we will be able to enter into swap agreements or other hedging arrangements in the future if we desire to do so, or that any existing or future hedging arrangements will offset increases in interest rates. As of December 31, 2020,2022, we had approximately $1.4$1.7 billion of variable rate debt outstanding.

Risks Related to Information Technology and Intellectual Property

We may be adversely affected by any disruption in, or failure of, our information technology systems.

We rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our information technology ("IT") systems across all of our major business functions, including our research and development, manufacturing, retail, financial and administrative functions. We also face the challenge of supporting our older systems and implementing upgrades when necessary, as well as the integration of Cooper Tire’s IT systems with Goodyear’s IT systems. Our security measures are focused on the prevention, detection and remediation of damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, cyber-attack, natural disasters and other similar disruptions. We may incur significant costs in order to implement the security measures that we feel are necessary to protect our IT systems. However, our IT systems may remain vulnerable to damage despite our implementation of security measures that we deem to be appropriate. In addition, we are also dependent on third parties to provide important IT services relating to, among other things, human resources, electronic communications and certain finance functions.

We collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information and the proprietary business information of our customers and suppliers, as well as personally identifiable information of our customers and associates, in data centers and on information technology networks.

Additionally, we are subject to privacy, data protection, and information security laws and regulations (“Data Protection Laws”) in the United States and in jurisdictions around the globe that restrict the use, disclosure, transfer and processing of personal data. For example, we are subject to the GDPR, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), and the Brazilian Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados. Costs to comply with these Data Protection Laws are significant and the failure to comply with these laws could result in material legal exposure and business impact. The GDPR, for example, imposes onerous accountability obligations on companies, with penalties for non-compliance of up to the greater of €20 million or four percent of annual global revenue. The GDPR, and other Data Protection Laws, also grant corrective powers to supervisory authorities, including the ability to impose a limit on processing personal data or to order companies to cease operations.

The Data Protection Laws are part of an evolving global data protection landscape in which the number, complexity, requirements and consequences of non-compliance with these laws are increasing. This landscape includes legislative proposals recently adopted or currently pending in the United States, at both the federal and state levels, as well as in other jurisdictions, implementing new or additional requirements for data protection that could further increase compliance costs, the cost and complexity of delivering our products and services, and significantly affect our business.

Any system failure, accident or security breach involving our or our third party's IT systems could result in disruptions to our operations. A breach in the security of our IT systems could include the theft of our intellectual property or trade secrets, negatively impact our manufacturing or retail operations, or result in the compromise of personal information of our employees, customers or suppliers. While we have, substantial fixed costsfrom time to time, experienced system failures, accidents and security and privacy breaches involving our IT systems, these incidents have not had a material impact on our operations, and we are not aware of any resulting theft, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, material data or confidential information. To the extent that any system failure, accident or security or privacy breach results in material disruptions to our operations or the theft, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, material data or confidential information, our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

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We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights adequately.

Our success depends in part upon our ability to use and protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property, which generally covers various aspects of the design and manufacture of our products and processes. We own and use tradenames and trademarks worldwide. We rely upon a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality policies, nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements and patent, copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property rights. The steps we take in this regard may not be adequate to protect our intellectual property or to prevent or deter challenges or infringement or other violations of our intellectual property, and we may not be able to detect unauthorized use or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce our intellectual property rights.

In addition, the laws of some countries may not protect and enforce our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Further, while we believe we have rights to use all of the intellectual property we use, if we are found to infringe on the rights of others, we could be adversely impacted.

Damage to our brand and reputation could have an adverse effect on our business.

Our well-known and trusted brand names are a key competitive advantage. We believe that our future success depends, in part, on preserving, enhancing, and leveraging the value of our brands and executing our brand strategies, discussed above, which are designed to drive end-user demand for our products. A decline in the reputation of one or more of our brands as a result of deficiencies or defects in the design or manufacture of our operating income fluctuates disproportionately withproducts, or from legal proceedings, product recalls or warranty claims resulting from such deficiencies or defects, may harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Litigation, Laws and Regulations

We could be negatively impacted by changes in tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions on imported tires, raw materials and other goods or equipment.

The imposition of new tariffs, changes in existing tariff rates, changes in or the repeal of trade agreements or other trade restrictions may reduce our net sales.

We operate with significant operating and financial leverage. Significant portions offlexibility to utilize our global manufacturing selling, administrative and general expenses are fixed costs that neither increase nor decrease proportionately with sales.footprint to meet demand for our tires around the world. In addition, a significant portionthe imposition of our interest expense is fixed. There can be no assurance that we would be able to reduce our fixed costs proportionatelytariffs in response to a decline in our net sales and therefore our competitiveness could be significantly impacted. As a result, a decline in our net sales couldthe United States may result in a higher percentage declinethe tires subject to such tariffs being diverted to other regions of the world, such as Europe, Latin America or Asia, or in retaliatory tariffs or other actions by affected countries. Broad-based tariffs and other trade restrictions could also increase costs for our income fromsuppliers who may increase prices to us. Finally, tariffs and other trade restrictions may weaken the economies of key markets for us, such as China, resulting in lower economic growth rates and weakened demand for our products and services. These factors, individually or together, could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and net income.liquidity.

We may incur significant costs in connection with our contingent liabilities and tax matters.

We have significant reserves for contingent liabilities and tax matters. The major categories of our contingent liabilities include workers' compensation and other employment-related claims, product liability and other tort claims, including asbestos claims, and environmental matters. Our recorded liabilities and estimates of reasonably possible losses for our contingent liabilities are based on our assessment of potential liability using the information available to us at the time and, where applicable, any past experience and recent and current trends with respect to similar matters. Our contingent liabilities are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable judicial or administrative decisions could occur that we did not anticipate. Such an unfavorable decision could include monetary damages, fines or other penalties or an injunction prohibiting us from taking certain actions or selling certain products. If such an unfavorable decision were to occur, it could result in a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations in the period in which the decision occurs, or in future periods.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations, including with respect to transfer pricing. While we apply consistent transfer pricing policies and practices globally, support transfer prices through economic studies, seek advance pricing agreements and joint audits to the extent possible and believe our transfer prices to be appropriate, such transfer prices, and related interpretations of tax laws, are occasionally challenged by various taxing authorities globally. We have received various tax assessments challenging our interpretations of applicable tax laws in various jurisdictions. Although we believe we have complied with applicable tax laws, have strong positions and defenses and have historically been successful in defending such claims, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected in the case we are unsuccessful in the defense of existing or future claims.

If we wish to appeal any future adverse judgment in any of these proceedings, we may be required to post an appeal bond with the relevant court. If we were subject to a significant adverse judgment or experienced an interruption or reduction in the availability of bonding capacity, we may be required to provide letters of credit or post cash collateral, which may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

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We have significant deferred tax assets, including foreign tax credits. We must generate sufficient earnings of the appropriate character in order to utilize our deferred tax assets prior to any applicable expiration dates. If our earnings remain flat or decline over an extended period of time, we may not be able to utilize certain of our deferred tax assets prior to their expiration and we may need to record an additionala valuation allowance against them that could materially adversely affect our results of operations in the period in which the valuation allowance is recorded.

For further information regarding our contingent liabilities and tax matters, refer to Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 19,20, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, and No. 6,7, Income Taxes, in this Form 10-K.Taxes. For further information regarding our accounting policies with respect to certain of our contingent liabilities and uncertain income tax positions, refer to “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies.”

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We are subject to extensive government regulations that may materially adversely affect our operating results.

We are subject to regulation by the Department of Transportation through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, or NHTSA, which has established various standards and regulations applicable to tires sold in the United States and tires sold in a foreign country that are identical or substantially similar to tires sold in the United States. NHTSA has the authority to order the recall of automotive products, including tires, having safety-related defects or that do not comply with a motor vehicle safety standard.standard, and, in some cases, to assess penalties.

The Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation Act, or TREAD Act imposes numerous requirements with respect to the early warning reporting of warranty claims, property damage claims, and bodily injury and fatality claims and also requires tire manufacturers, among other things, to comply with revised and more rigorous tire testing standards. Compliance with the TREAD Act regulations has increased the cost of producing and distributing tires in the United States. We have been subject to recalls in the past and it is possible that a recall of our tires, including under the TREAD Act or in other countries under similar regulations, could occur in the future. A substantial recall or related penalties could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, pursuant to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, NHTSA may establish a national tire fuel efficiency consumer information program. If a related rule-making process is completed, certain tires sold in the United States would be required to be rated for rolling resistance, traction and tread wear. While the federal law preempts state tire fuel efficiency laws adopted after January 1, 2006, we may become subject to additional tire fuel efficiency legislation, either in the United States or other countries.

Our European operations are subject to regulation by the European Union. In 2009, twoTwo regulations, the Tire Safety Regulation and the Tire Labeling Regulation, applicable to tires sold in the European Union werehave been adopted. The Tire Safety Regulation sets performance standards that tires for cars and light and commercial trucks need to meet for rolling resistance, wet grip braking (passenger car tires only) and noise in order to be sold in the European Union. The Tire Labeling Regulation applies to all passenger car, light truck and commercial truck tires and requires that consumers be informed about the tire's fuel efficiency, wet grip and noise characteristics. Other countries, such as Brazil, have also adopted tire labeling regulations, and additional countries may also introduce similar regulations in the future.

Tires produced or sold in Europe also have to comply with various other standards, including environmental laws such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical Substances), which regulates the use of chemicals in the European Union. For example, REACH prohibits the use of highly aromatic oils in tires, which were used as compounding components to improve certain performance characteristics.

These U.S. and European regulations, rules adopted to implement these regulations, or other similar regulations that may be adopted in the United States, Europe or elsewhere in the future may require us to alter or increase our capital spending and research and development plans or cease the production of certain tires, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Laws and regulations governing environmental and occupational safety and health are complicated, change frequently and have tended to become stricter over time. As a manufacturing company, we are subject to these laws and regulations both inside and outside the United States. We may not be in complete compliance with such laws and regulations at all times. Our costs or liabilities relating to them may be more than the amount we have reserved, and that difference may be material.

In addition, our manufacturing facilities may become subject to further limitations on the emission of “greenhouse gases” due to public policy concerns regarding climate change issues or other environmental or health and safety concerns. While the form of any additional regulations cannot be predicted, a “cap-and-trade” system similar to the one adopted in the European Union could be adopted in the United States. Any such “cap-and-trade” system (including the system currently in place in the European Union) or other limitations imposed on the emission of “greenhouse gases” could require us to increase our capital expenditures, use our cash to acquire emission credits or restructure our manufacturing operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

Compliance with the laws and regulations described above or any of the myriad of applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations currently in effect or that may be adopted in the future could materially adversely affect our competitive position, operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

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General Risk Factors

We have foreign currency translation and transaction risks that may bematerially adversely affected by any disruption in, or failureaffect our operating results, financial condition and liquidity.

The financial position and results of operations of many of our information technology systems.

We rely uponinternational subsidiaries are initially recorded in various foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the capacity, reliability and securityapplicable exchange rate for inclusion in our financial statements. The strengthening of our information technology, or IT, systems across all of our major business functions, including our research and development, manufacturing, retail, financial and administrative functions. We also face the challenge of supporting our older systems and implementing upgrades when necessary. Our security measures are focused on the prevention, detection and remediation of damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, cyber-attack, natural disasters and other similar disruptions. We may incur significant costs in order to implement the security measures that we feel are necessary to protect our IT systems. However, our IT systems may remain vulnerable to damage despite our implementation of security measures that we deem to be appropriate.

Any system failure, accident or security breach involving our IT systems could result in disruptions to our operations. A breach in the security of our IT systems could include the theft of our intellectual property or trade secrets, negatively impact our manufacturing or retail operations, or result in the compromise of personal information of our employees, customers or suppliers. While we have, from time to time, experienced system failures, accidents and security breaches involving our IT systems,U.S. dollar against these incidents have not hadforeign currencies ordinarily has a materialnegative impact on our operations,reported sales and we are not awareoperating margin (and conversely, the weakening of any resulting theft, loss or disclosurethe U.S. dollar against these foreign currencies has a positive impact). For the year ended December 31, 2022, foreign currency translation unfavorably affected sales by $1,114 million and unfavorably affected segment operating income by $16 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The volatility of or damage to, material data or confidential information. To the extent that any system failure, accident or security breach results in material disruptions to our operations or the theft, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, material data or confidential information, our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition could becurrency exchange rates may materially adversely affected.affect our operating results.

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel our business could be materially adversely affected.

Our business substantially depends on the continued service of key members of our management. The loss of the services of a significant number of members of our management could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, such as engineering, marketing and senior management professionals. Competition for these employees is intense, and we could experience difficulty from time to time in hiring and retaining the personnel necessary to support our business. Our ability to attract and retain employees may be hampered due to the current cyclical downturn in the automotive and tire industries, which has resulted in reduced payments under our incentive compensation plans over the last several years. If we do not succeed in retaining our current employees and attracting new high quality employees, our business could be materially adversely affected.

We may be impacted by economic and supply disruptions associated with events beyond our control, such as war, including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, acts of terror, political unrest, public health concerns, labor disputes or natural disasters.

We manage businesses and facilities worldwide. Our facilities and operations, and the facilities and operations of our suppliers and customers, could be disrupted by events beyond our control, such as war, acts of terror, political unrest, public health concerns, labor disputes, or severe weather conditions or natural disasters. In addition, our operations could be adversely affected as a result of other disruptions at our facilities due to fire, electrical blackouts, power losses, telecommunications failures or other similar effects. Any such disruption could cause delays in the production and distribution of our products and the loss of sales and customers. We may not be insured against all such potential losses and, if insured, the insurance proceeds that we receive may not adequately compensate us for all of our losses. If the frequency or severity of natural disasters increases over time, we may experience a greater number of losses at certain of our facilities. Such losses could lead to an increase in the deductibles or cost of insurance for those facilities, or to the unavailability of insurance on terms that are acceptable to us.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

We manufacture our products in 4657 manufacturing facilities located around the world including 1318 plants in the United States.

AMERICAS MANUFACTURING FACILITIES. Americas owns or leases and operates 2329 manufacturing facilities in 7 countries, including:

EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA MANUFACTURING FACILITIES. EMEA owns or leases and operates 1518 manufacturing facilities in 810 countries, including:

ASIA PACIFIC MANUFACTURING FACILITIES. Asia Pacific owns and operates 810 manufacturing facilities in 6 countries, including 79 tire plants and 1 aviation retread plant.

PLANT UTILIZATION. Our worldwide tire capacity utilization rate was approximately 68%89% during 20202022 compared to approximately 85% in 2019 and 87% in 2018.2021 and 68% in 2020. The decreased utilization rate in 20202022 was driven byreflective of our continued recovery from the pandemic-related factory shutdowns earlier in the year. The majority of our plants returned to full capacity by the end of the third quarter and remained at full capacity during the fourth quarter.2020. The reported capacity utilization is an overall average for the Company. Our utilization rate can vary significantly between product lines, depending on the complexity of the tires, and between consumer and commercial tires, and can also vary between business segments.

OTHER FACILITIES. We also own and operate twofive research and development facilities and technical centers, three development centers, one innovation lab, and seven tire proving grounds. We lease our Corporate and Americas headquarters and our research and development facility and technical center in Akron, Ohio. We operate approximately 1,000950 retail outlets for the sale of our tires to consumer and commercial customers, approximately 5040 tire retreading facilities and approximately 220300 warehouse distribution facilities. Substantially all of these facilities are leased. We do not consider any one of these leased properties to be material to our operations. For additional information regarding leased properties, refer to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 13,14, Property, Plant and Equipment, and No. 14, Leases, in this Form 10-K.15, Leases. Certain of our manufacturing facilities are mortgaged as collateral for our secured credit facilities. Refer to the Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 15,16, Financing Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments, in this Form 10-K.Instruments.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Asbestos Litigation

We are currently one of numerous defendants in legal proceedings in certain state and federal courts involving approximately 38,70037,200 claimants at December 31, 20202022 relating to their alleged exposure to materials containing asbestos in products allegedly manufactured by us or asbestos materials present at our facilities. We manufactured, among other things, rubber coated asbestos sheet gasket materials from 1914 through 1973 and aircraft brake assemblies containing asbestos materials prior to 1987. Some of the claimants are independent contractors or their employees who allege exposure to asbestos while working at certain of our facilities. It is expected that in a substantial portion of these cases there will be no evidence of exposure to a Goodyear manufactured product containing asbestos or asbestos in our facilities. The amount expended by us and our insurers on defense and claim resolution was $13$16 million during 2020.2022. The plaintiffs in the pending cases allege that they were exposed to asbestos and, as a result of such exposure, suffer from various respiratory diseases, including in some cases mesothelioma and lung cancer. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified actual and punitive damages and other relief. For additional information on asbestos litigation, refer to the Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 19,20, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, in this Form 10-K.Liabilities.

Amiens Labor Claims

Approximately 850 former employees of the closed Amiens, France manufacturing facility have asserted wrongful termination or other claims totaling approximately €140 million ($172 million) against Goodyear France SAS. On May 28, 2020, Goodyear France SAS received a judgment from the labor court with respect to approximately 790 of these former employees. As a result of this ruling and settlement discussions to resolve these claims and other similar claims, we accrued approximately €27 million ($30 million) during 2020 for estimated additional termination benefits. We have appealed this ruling and will continue to defend ourselves against these claims and any additional claims that may be asserted against us.

Shareholder Derivative Litigation

On October 24, 2018, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a derivative action on behalf of the Company in the Court of Common Pleas for Summit County, Ohio against certain of our directors, our chief executive officer, and certain former officers and directors. The complaint also names the Company as a nominal defendant. The lawsuit alleges, among other things, breach of fiduciary duties, waste of corporate assets and fraudulent concealment in connection with certain G159 tires manufactured by us from 1996 until 2003. The lawsuit seeks unspecified monetary damages, an award of attorney’s fees and expenses, and other legal and equitable relief. On September 25, 2020, the Court of Common Pleas dismissed the derivative action and the purported shareholder has appealed that dismissal. On June 30, 2021, the Ohio Court of Appeals for the Ninth Judicial District reversed the trial court's judgment and remanded the case for further proceedings.

Other Matters

In addition to the legal proceedings described above, various other legal actions, indirect tax assessments, claims and governmental investigations and proceedings covering a wide range of matters are pending against us, including claims and proceedings relating to several waste disposal sites that have been identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and similar agencies of various states for remedial investigation and cleanup, which sites were allegedly used by us in the past for the disposal of industrial waste materials. Based on available information, we do not consider any such action, assessment, claim, investigation or proceeding to be material, within the meaning of that term as used in Item 103 of Regulation S-K and the instructions thereto. For additional information regarding our legal proceedings, refer to the Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements No. 19,20, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, in this Form 10-K.Liabilities.

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PART II.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

The principal market for our common stock is the Nasdaq Global Select Market (Stock Exchange Symbol: GT). At December 31, 2020,2022, there were 11,97112,009 holders of record of the 233,220,098282,896,352 shares of our common stock then outstanding.

Set forth in the table below is certain information regarding the number of shares of our common stock that were subject to outstanding stock options or other compensation plan awards at December 31, 2020.2022.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

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OVERVIEW

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of tires, with one of the most recognizable brand names in the world and operations in most regions of the world. We have a broad global footprint with 4657 manufacturing facilities in 2123 countries, including the United States. We operate our business through three operating segments representing our regional tire businesses: Americas; Europe, Middle East and Africa; and Asia Pacific.

This management's discussion and analysis provides comparisons of material changes in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 20202022 and 2019.2021. For a comparison of the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.2021.

Results of Operations

Our results for 2020 were highly influencedIn January 2023, we approved a rationalization plan and workforce reorganization that will result in an approximately 5% reduction in salaried staff globally, or about 500 positions, in response to a challenging industry environment and cost pressure driven by the severe economic disruption caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.  However, based on recent favorable recovery trends, particularly in the U.S., Europe and China, the negative impactsinflation. In certain foreign countries, relevant portions of the pandemic on tire industry demand, auto production, miles drivenrationalization plan remain subject to consultation with employee representative bodies. We expect to substantially complete the rationalization plan during the first and our tire volume have moderatedsecond quarters of 2023 and estimate total pre-tax charges associated with this action to be approximately $55 million, of which approximately $39 million are expected to continue to improve.  The tire industry has been negatively impacted by this evolving situation, particularly earlierbe cash charges primarily for associate-related and other exit costs, with the remainder representing non-cash charges primarily for accelerated depreciation and other asset-related charges. We recorded $37 million of pre-tax charges in the year,fourth quarter of 2022 and expect to record a majority of the remaining charges in the first quarter of 2023. A majority of the cash outflows associated with this plan relate to cash severance payments that are expected to be paid during the first half of 2023. The rationalization and reorganization will result in quarterly run-rate savings of approximately $15 million, beginning in the second quarter of 2023. Savings in the first quarter of 2023 are expected to be $5 million.

In October 2022, we approved a plan to close the Melksham, United Kingdom tire manufacturing facility ("Melksham"), which was characterized by a suddenacquired in conjunction with the merger between the Company and sharp decline in replacementCooper Tire. The plan is intended to address long-standing competitiveness issues at Melksham. The plan also (i) consolidates our premium motorcycle tire demand and original equipment (“OE”) manufacturers suspending or severely limiting automobile production globally.  This environment, which persisted throughout much of 2020, aggravated already challenging industry conditions in many of our key markets, including foreign currency headwinds due to a strong U.S. dollar, lower OE industry volume, softening demand in Europe weak market conditionsinto a single center of excellence based in China and economic volatility in Latin America, that were present throughout 2019.

We continue to take actions in response to COVID-19 to protect the health and wellbeing of our associates, customers and communities, which remain our top priority, to mitigate the near- and long-term financial impacts on our operating results, and to ensure adequate liquidity and capital resources are available to maintain our operations until the auto industry and replacementMontlucon, France tire demand fully recovers.  

Actions taken throughout 2020 included:

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Additionally, on April 17, 2020, we reached a tentative bargaining agreement, which was ratified on May 1, 2020, and subsequently permanently closed our Gadsden, Alabama manufacturing facility, (“Gadsden”) as part(ii) discontinues Cooper Tire’s European motorsport program and (iii) transfers light truck tire production from the Montlucon facility to other tire manufacturing facilities in Europe. The plan includes approximately 320 job reductions at Melksham. The plan remains subject to consultation with relevant employee representative bodies. We expect to substantially complete this rationalization plan by the end of our continuing strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of our manufacturing footprint by curtailing production of tires for declining, less profitable segments of the tire market. We2023 and estimate the total pre-tax charges associated with this plan to be $280between $80 million to $295and $90 million, of which $170$60 million to $180$70 million are expected to be cash charges primarily for associate-related and other exit costs, with the remainder representing non-cash charges primarily for accelerated depreciation and other asset-related charges. We recorded $34 million of pre-tax charges in 2022 related to this plan. The majority of the remaining charges and cash outflows associated with this plan are expected to occur in 2023.

$189 millionDuring the third quarter of 2022, members of the United Steelworkers ratified a new four-year master collective bargaining agreement with us. The new contract, which expires in July 2026, addresses compensation costs while providing operational improvements that increase manufacturing flexibility and productivity for our U.S. plants covered by the agreement.

Results of Operations

On June 7, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Cooper Tire. Since the Closing Date, Cooper Tire's operating results have been incorporated into our consolidated results of operations. For periods that are not fully comparable, we discuss the impact of Cooper Tire's operating results separately up to the point within those periods when consolidated results became comparable.

During 2022, our operating results reflected a difficult macroeconomic environment, including the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against most foreign currencies. Our results also reflect higher input costs mostly offset by price and product mix and the benefits of our acquisition of Cooper Tire. Challenging market conditions persist, driven by the direct and indirect macroeconomic effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the conflict in Ukraine and other global events, that continue to negatively influence our results.

Our global businesses are experiencing varying stages of recovery from the pandemic. National and local efforts during the year in certain countries, such as China, to contain the spread of COVID-19 and its related variants, such as renewed stay-at-home orders and other restrictions on mobility, continued to negatively impact economic conditions and our operations. For instance, some of our facilities, including our facilities in Pulandian and Kunshan, China, had to temporarily shut down or limit production at various times throughout the year because of these chargesrestrictions.

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Increased demand for consumer products, supply chain disruptions and made cash paymentsother factors have led to continuing inflationary cost pressures on our results, including higher costs for certain raw materials, higher transportation costs and higher energy costs. Energy cost increases have been more pronounced in Europe driven by the indirect impacts of $46 millionthe conflict in Ukraine. Furthermore, shortages of certain automobile parts, such as semiconductors, continue to affect OE manufacturers’ ability to produce consumer and commercial vehicles consistently, although the industry, and our volume, experienced some recovery during 2020.  The remaining chargesthe second half of 2022.

We also continue to experience increased labor-related costs and manufacturing inefficiencies associated with the ongoing tight labor supply, particularly in the U.S. To address this issue, we have accelerated hiring as necessary, increased training capacity and started to adjust future investment plans to consider not just the cost, but also the availability of qualified workers.

While most of our global tire manufacturing facilities operated at or near full capacity during 2022, in order to address softening industry demand and prevent the buildup of excess inventory, we reduced production in the fourth quarter of 2022 at most of our tire manufacturing facilities, resulting in a reduction of approximately 3.5 million units compared to production in the fourth quarter of 2021, primarily in Americas and EMEA. Decisions to change production levels in the future will be recordedbased on an evaluation of market demand signals and inventory and supply levels, as well as the remaining cash payments willavailability of sufficient qualified labor and our ability to continue to safeguard the health of our associates.