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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 20172019
OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from______ to______
Commission File Number: 001-36410
Phibro Animal Health Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware13-1840497
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Glenpointe Centre East, 3rd Floor
300 Frank W. Burr Boulevard, Suite 21
Teaneck, New Jersey
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
07666-6712
(Zip Code)
(201) 329-7300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
(Title of each class)
class
NASDAQ Stock Market
(Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered)registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001
par value per share
PAHCNasdaq Stock Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of  ”large“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any or new revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $540,780,431$648,379,497 as of December 31, 2016,2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter based on the closing price of the common stock on the NASDAQNasdaq Stock Market. The registrant has no non-voting common stock.
As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, there were 19,261,78920,287,574 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 20,626,83620,166,034 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 20172019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on November 6, 20174, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the “2017“2019 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.2019.

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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION
   
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PART I
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PART II
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PART III
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PART IV
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical or current fact included in this report are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements discuss our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “potential,” “project,” “projection,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “believe,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “should,” “can,” “can have,” “likely,” the negatives thereof and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. For example, all statements we make relating to our estimated and projected earnings, revenues, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results, our plans and objectives for future operations, growth or initiatives, strategies, or the expected outcome or impact of pending or threatened litigation are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected. Examples of such risks and uncertainties include:

perceived adverse effects on human health linked to the consumption of food derived from animals that utilize our products could cause a decline in the sales of those products;

restrictions on the use of antibacterials in food-producing animals may become more prevalent;

a material portion of our sales and gross profits are generated by antibacterials and other related products;

competition in each of our markets from a number of large and small companies, some of which have greater financial, research and development (“R&D”), production and other resources than we have;

the impact of current and future laws and regulatory changes;

outbreaks of animal diseases could significantly reduce demand for our products;

our ability to successfully implement several of our strategic initiatives;

our business may be negatively affected by weather conditions and the availability of natural resources;

the continuing trend toward consolidation of certain customer groups as well as the emergence of large buying groups;

our ability to control costs and expenses;

any unforeseen material loss or casualty;

exposure relating to rising costs and reduced customer income;

competition deriving from advances in veterinary medical practices and animal health technologies;

unanticipated safety or efficacy concerns;

our dependence on suppliers having current regulatory approvals;

our raw materials are subject to price fluctuations and their availability can be limited;

natural and man-made disasters, including but not limited to fire, snow and ice storms, flood, hail, hurricanes and earthquakes;

terrorist attacks, particularly attacks on or within markets in which we operate;

our ability to successfully implement our strategic initiatives;

our reliance on the continued operation of our manufacturing facilities and application of our intellectual property;

adverse U.S. and international economic market conditions, including currency fluctuations;
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adverse U.S.failure of our product approval, R&D, acquisition and international economic market conditions, including currency fluctuations;licensing efforts to generate new products;

the risks of product liability claims, legal proceedings and general litigation expenses;

the impact of current and future laws and regulatory changes;

modification of foreign trade policy may harm our food animal product customers

our dependence on our Israeli and Brazilian operations;

our substantial level of indebtedness and related debt-service obligations;

restrictions imposed by covenants in our debt agreements;

the risk of work stoppages; and

other factors as described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, or cautionary statements, are disclosed under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.
We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not contain all of the factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results or developments we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences we anticipate or affect us or our operations in the way we expect. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be made that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions include, but are not limited to, (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 (“Section 404”) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), (ii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (iii) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We have taken, and plan to continue to take, advantage of some or all of these exemptions. If we do continue to take advantage of any of these exemptions, we do not know if some investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We have elected to forego the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that emerging growth companies are permitted to take advantage of pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act.
Pursuant to Section 102 of the JOBS Act, our 2017 Proxy Statement will provide reduced executive compensation disclosure.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of  (a) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (b) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would occur if the market value of our Class A common stock that is held by
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non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period, or (d) June 30, 2019, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.
Market, Ranking and Other Industry Data
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this report concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market share, is based on management estimates and on information from Vetnosis Limited (“Vetnosis”), a research and consulting firm specializing in global animal health and veterinary medicine. The Vetnosis information cited in this document was not prepared by Vetnosis on our behalf. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information, our knowledge of our industry and assumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we believe to be reasonable. We believe these estimates are reasonable as of the date of this report, or if an earlier date is specified, as of such earlier date. However, this information may prove to be inaccurate because of the method by which we obtained some of the data for our estimates or because this information is subject to change and cannot always be verified due to limits on the availability and reliability of independent sources, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market shares. In addition, purchasing patterns and consumer preferences can and do change. As a result, you should be aware that market share, ranking and other similar data set forth in this report, and estimates and beliefs based on such data, may not be reliable.
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Trademarks, Service Marks and Trade Names
The following trademarks and service marks used throughout this report belong to, are licensed to, or are otherwise used by us in our business: StafacAB20®; Animate®; Aviax®; Aviax Plus™; Avi-Carb®; Banminth®; Bloat Guard®; Boviprol™; Cellerate Yeast Solutions®; Cerdimix™; Cerditac™; Chromax®; Coxistac™; Emulsigen®; Eskalin™; V-MaxGemstone®; TerramycinLactrol®; Magni-Phi®; MB-1™; Mecadox®; MJPRRS®; MVP Adjuvants®; Neo-Terramycin®; Neo-TM™; TM-50®; TM-100™; Mecadox®; Nicarb®; Boviprol™; Bloat Guard®; Aviax®; Aviax II™; Aviax Plus™; Avi-Carb®; Coxistac™; Posistac™; Banminth®; Cerditac™; Cerdimix™; RumatelNicarmix®; OmniGen-AF®; Animate®pHi-Tech™; Posistac™; Procreatin 7®; Magni-Phi®Provia Prime™; Chromax®; Provia 6086™; Cellerate Yeast Solutions®; SRPRumatel®; Safmannan®; Biosaf®; AB20®; Lactrol®; MJPRRSStafac®; TAbic®; Tailor Made®; MVP AdjuvantsTerramycin®; TM-50®; TM-100™; V.H.®; and, V.H.V-Max®.
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PART I
Item 1.
Business
Overview
Phibro Animal Health Corporation is a leading global diversified animal health and mineral nutrition company. We are committedstrive to providingbe a trusted partner with livestock producers, with value-based productsveterinarians and farmers by providing solutions to help them maintain and enhance the health and productivity of their animals and meet the growing demand for animal protein.produce healthy, affordable food while using fewer natural resources. We sell more than 1,4001,500 product presentations in over 6575 countries to approximately 3,0003,500 customers. We develop, manufacture and market products for a broad range of products for food animals including poultry, swine, beef and dairy cattle and aquaculture. Our products help prevent, control and treat diseases, enhance nutrition to help improve health and performance and contribute to balanced mineral nutrition. We sell animal health and mineral nutrition products either directly to integrated poultry, swine and cattle integrators or through commercial animal feed manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors.
Our products include:

Animal health products such as antibacterials, anticoccidials, nutritional specialty products and vaccines that help improve the animal’s health and therefore improve performance, food safety and animal welfare. Our Animal Health segment also includes antibacterials and other processing aids used to improve production efficiency in the ethanol fermentation industry.

Mineral nutrition products that fortify the animal’s diet and help maintain optimal health.
We have focused our efforts in regions where the majority of livestock production is consolidated in large commercial farms such as the United States, Brazil, China, Russia, Mexico, Australia, Turkey, Israel, Canada and Europe, and wefarms. We believe we are well positioned to further accelerategrow our growthsales with our established network of sales, marketing and distribution professionals in emerging markets in North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe and Africa.
We are investing resources to develop future products for the companion animal sector. Our business is currently concentrated in the livestock sector.
In addition to animal health and mineral nutrition products, we manufacture and market specific ingredients for use in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. We sell performance products directly to customers in the aforementioned industries.
Our Class A common stock trades on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) under the trading symbol “PAHC.” Our Class B common stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange. We are a Delaware corporation.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” “Phibro,” “PAHC” and similar expressionexpressions refer to Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiaries. We completed our initial public offering on April 16, 2014. Our Class A common stock trades on the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) under the trading symbol “PAHC.” Our Class B common stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange.
Business Segments
We manage our business in three segments—Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products—each with its own dedicated management and sales team, for enhanced focus and accountability. Net sales by segments, species and regions were:
SegmentsChangePercentage of totalSegmentsChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 2015201720162015
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)($ in millions)
Animal Health$498$486$471$12
2%
$15
3%
65%
65%
63%
$532$532$498$0
0%
$34
7%
64%
65%
65%
Mineral Nutrition2182172272
1%
(10)
(5)%
29%
29%
30%
234235218(1)
(0)%
17
8%
28%
29%
29%
Performance Products484951(0)
(1)%
(2)
(4)%
6%
6%
7%
6253489
17%
5
11%
8%
7%
6%
Total$764$752$749$13
2%
$3
0%
$828$820$764$8
1%
$56
7%
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SpeciesChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 2015201720162015
($ in millions)
Poultry$301$292$280$9
3%
$12
4%
39%
39%
37%
Dairy15714613511
7%
12
9%
21%
19%
18%
Cattle7696100(20)
(21)%
(4)
(4)%
10%
13%
13%
Swine93100102(8)
(8)%
(1)
(1)%
12%
13%
14%
Other(1)13711613221
18%
(16)
(12)%
18%
15%
18%
Total$764$752$749$13
2%
$3
0%
Regions(2)
ChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 2015201720162015
($ in millions)
U.S. & Canada$502$493$483$9
2%
$9
2%
66%
66%
65%
Brazil & Latin America99109107(10)
(9)%
2
2%
13%
15%
14%
China & Asia Pacific6761616
10%
(1)
(1)%
9%
8%
8%
Israel & Other9689977
8%
(8)
(8)%
13%
12%
13%
Total$764$752$749$13
2%
$3
0%
SpeciesChangePercentage of total
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)
Poultry$316$321$301$(5)
(2)%
$20
7%
38%
39%
39%
Dairy170177157(7)
(4)%
20
13%
21%
22%
21%
Cattle8880768
10%
4
5%
11%
10%
10%
Swine10110093��1
1%
7
8%
12%
12%
12%
Other(1)15314213711
8%
5
4%
18%
17%
18%
Total$828$820$764$8
1%
$56
7%
Regions(2)
ChangePercentage of total
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)
United States$481$491$484$(10)
(2)%
$7
1%
58%
60%
63%
Latin America and Canada1521431139
6%
30
27%
18%
17%
15%
Europe, Middle East and Africa10511096(5)
(5)%
14
15%
13%
13%
13%
Asia Pacific90767114
18%
5
7%
11%
9%
9%
Total$828$820$764$8
1%
$56
7%
(1)
Other includes thesales related to: Performance Products segment,customers; the ethanol industry; aquaculture and other minor species; adjuvants for animal vaccine manufacturers; and Mineral Nutrition sales to pet food manufacturers, plant nutrition and fertilizer manufacturers and sales to the ethanol industry.other customers.
(2)
Net sales by region are based on country of destination.
Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
Adjusted EBITDA by segment was:
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Change
Percentage of total(2)
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Change
Percentage of total(2)
For the Year Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 20152017201620152019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)($ in millions)
Animal Health$130$127$120$3
3%
$7
6%
87%
89%
88%
$136$142$130$(6)
(4)%
$12
9%
87%
87%
87%
Mineral Nutrition1715142
16%
1
7%
12%
10%
10%
161917(3)
(15)%
1
7%
10%
11%
12%
Performance Products2131
106%
(2)
(67)%
1%
1%
2%
5223
151%
(0)
(9)%
3%
1%
1%
Corporate(30)(29)(27)(1)*(2)*(38)(33)(30)(5)*(4)*
Total$120$114$110$6
5%
$4
4%
$118$129$120$(11)
(8)%
$9
7%
(1)
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Operations General description of non-GAAP financial measures” for description of Adjusted EBITDA.
(2)
Before unallocated corporate costs
Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
Net identifiable assets by segment were:
Net Identifiable AssetsChangePercentage of totalNet Identifiable AssetsChangePercentage of total
As of June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 20152017201620152019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)($ in millions)
Animal Health$442$445$349$(3)
(1)%
$95
27%
71%
73%
71%
$509$456$442$53
12%
$14
3%
70%
68%
71%
Mineral Nutrition555859(2)
(4)%
(1)
(1)%
9%
10%
12%
687055(2)
(3)%
15
26%
9%
10%
9%
Performance Products2422222
10%
(0)
(2)%
4%
4%
4%
3324249
37%
0
1%
5%
4%
4%
Corporate102846018
22%
23
39%
16%
14%
12%
117122102(5)
(4)%
20
20%
16%
18%
16%
Total$623$608$490$16
3%
$118
24%
$727$672$623$54
8%
$49
8%
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Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, debt issuance costs, income tax related assets and certain other assets.
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Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
Animal Health
Our Animal Health business develops, manufactures and markets more than 900 product presentations, including:

antibacterials, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial infections in animals; anticoccidials, which inhibit the growth of coccidia (parasites) that damage the intestinal tract of animals; and related products (MFAs and other);

nutritional specialty products, which enhance nutrition to help improve health and performance (nutritional specialties); and

vaccines, which causeinduce an increase in antibody levels against a specific virus or bacterium, thus preventing infectiondisease from that viral or bacterial antigen (vaccines).
Our animal health products help our customers prevent, control and treat diseases and enhance nutrition to help improve health, and performance, enabling our customers to more efficiently produce high-quality, wholesome and affordable animal protein products for human consumption. We develop, manufacture and market a broad range of animal health products for a broad range of food animals including poultry, swine, beef and dairy cattle and aquaculture. We provide technical and product support directly to our customers to ensure the optimal use of our products. The animal health industry and demand for many of our animal health products in a particular region are affected by changing disease pressures and by weather conditions, as usage of our products follows varying weather patterns and seasons. As a result, we may experience regional and seasonal fluctuations in our animal health segment. Animal Health net sales by product group and regions were:
Product GroupsChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 2015201720162015
($ in millions)
MFAs and other$321$340$336$(19)
(5)%
$4
1%
65%
70%
71%
Nutritional specialties111948217
18%
12
15%
22%
19%
17%
Vaccines65525313
25%
(1)
(2)%
13%
11%
11%
Animal Health$498$486$471$12
2%
$15
3%
Regions(1)
ChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017 / 20162016 / 2015201720162015
($ in millions)
U.S. & Canada$241$235$219$6
3%
$17
8%
48%
48%
46%
Brazil & Latin America9610499(9)
(8)%
6
6%
19%
21%
21%
China & Asia Pacific6761616
10%
(1)
(1)%
13%
12%
13%
Israel & Other9486928
9%
(6)
(7)%
19%
18%
20%
Total$498$486$471$12
2%
$15
3%
Product GroupsChangePercentage of total
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)
MFAs and other$350$337$321$13
4%
$16
5%
66%
63%
65%
Nutritional specialties113123111(10)
(8)%
12
11%
21%
23%
22%
Vaccines687265(4)
(5)%
7
11%
13%
14%
13%
Animal Health$532$532$498$(0)
(0)%
$34
7%
Regions(1)
ChangePercentage of total
For the Years Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017201920182017
($ in millions)
United States$199$220$230$(21)
(10)%
$(10)
(4)%
37%
41%
46%
Latin America and Canada14212910413
10%
25
24%
27%
24%
21%
Europe, Middle East and Africa10310893(5)
(5)%
15
16%
19%
20%
19%
Asia Pacific88757113
17%
4
6%
17%
14%
14%
Total$532$532$498$
0%
$34
7%
(1)
Net sales by region are based on country of destination
Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
MFAs and Other
Our MFAs and other businessproducts primarily consists of concentrated medicated products that are administered through animal feeds, commonly referred to as Medicated Feed Additives (“MFAs”). Our MFAs and other businessproducts primarily consists of the production and sale of antibacterials (including
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Stafac®, Terramycin®, Neo-Terramycin® and Mecadox®) and anticoccidials (including Nicarb®, Aviax®, Aviax Plus™, Coxistac™ and amprolium). MFAs and other products also includesinclude antibacterial products used to control bacterial infections, as well asand other processing aids, forused to improve production efficiencies in the ethanol fermentation industry.
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Approximately 54%50% of our MFAs and other sales in fiscal year 20172019 were to the poultry industry, with sales to swine, cattle, dairy and other customers accounting for the remainder. The principalWe sell our MFAs and other products in all regions where we serve include the U.S. and Canada, Brazil and Latin America, China and Asia Pacific, and Israel and other,do business, with the largest region (as measured by net sales) accounting for less than halfapproximately one-third of totalthe product group’s net sales.
Nutritional Specialties
Many of our proprietary nutritional specialty products have been developed through basic research in cooperation with private research companies or by leading universities with whom we collaborate and then further develop through commercial trials with customers. Our nutritional specialty products include OmniGen-AF®, a unique, patented nutritional specialty product that has been shown in several studies to help maintain a cow’s healthy immune system; Animate®, a unique, patentedan anionic nutritional specialty product that helps optimize the health and performance of the transition dairy cow; Magni-Phi®, a unique proprietary nutritional specialty product that has been shown in several studies to help improve immune response in poultry; and, Cellerate Yeast Solutions®, a uniqueline of proprietary yeast culture productproducts that isare used in all classes of livestock to help improve digestive health, which may lead to improved animal health and performance. We sell our nutritional specialty products in the United States and various other countries internationally.
In August 2019, we acquired the business and assets of Osprey Biotechnics, Inc. (“Osprey”). Osprey is a developer, manufacturer and marketer of microbial products and bioproducts for a variety of applications serving animal health and nutrition, environmental, industrial and agricultural customers. Osprey also produces key components of our recently launched Provia PrimeTM direct fed microbial product for poultry.
Vaccines
Our vaccines products are primarily focused on preventing diseases in poultry and swine. We market thesevaccines in all regions in which we operate. We market our vaccine products in the United States, Israel, Turkey, China, South East Asia, India, East and Central Europe, Brazil and other Latin American countries and various African countries. Our vaccine productsto protect animals from botheither viral andor bacterial disease challenges.
We have developed and distribute over 2520 licensed vaccine presentations for prevention of diseasediseases in poultry, including vaccines to protect against Infectious Bursal Disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease, Salmonella and Newcastle Disease.Coryza.
We develop, manufacture and distribute autogenous vaccines against bacterial and viralanimal diseases, adjuvants and other products. We manufacture and distributeprimarily for swine, in the MJ Biologics, Inc. (“MJB”) autogenous vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (“PRRS”). We are the exclusive distributor of Epitopix’s proprietary SRP® autogenous vaccines for chickens, primarily broiler breeders and table egg laying hens, that protect against various diseases, including Salmonella and E. coli.United States. Our autogenous vaccines allow us to produce custom vaccines for veterinarians that contain antigens specific to each farm, allowing Phibro to provide comprehensive health management solutions to our customers. Our autogenous vaccine products include the Tailor Made® line of vaccines and the MJPRRS® vaccine. We also market adjuvants to animal vaccine manufacturers.
We have developed TAbic®, an innovative and proprietary delivery platform for vaccines. TAbic is a patented technology for formulation and delivery of vaccine antigens in effervescent tablets, packaged in sealed aluminum blister packages. The technology replaces the glass bottles that are in common use today, and offers significant advantages including storage requirements, customer handling and disposal. Several of our vaccine products are available in the patented TAbic format.
We also focus on innovation to produce new antigens or new presentations of antigens, and have developed new vaccines, such as MB-1TM, a live attenuated vaccine for Infectious Bursal disease, developed from the M.B. strain, adapted for in-ovo or subcutaneous injection at the hatchery, the inactivated subunit Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Egg Drop Syndrome vaccines, being sold as monovalent vaccines or in combinations with other antigens.
We are making operational a vaccine production facility in Sligo, Ireland to produce poultry vaccines, with longer-term expectations to add swine and cattle vaccines. The facility is currently idle.
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Mineral Nutrition
Our Mineral Nutrition business manufactures and markets approximately 400 formulations and concentrations of trace minerals such as zinc, manganese, copper, iron and other compounds, with a focus on customers in North America. Our customers use these products to fortify the daily feed requirements of their livestock’s diets and maintain an optimal balance of trace elements in each animal. We manufacture and market mineral nutrition products for a broad range of food animals including poultry, swine and beef and dairy cattle. Volume growth in the mineral nutrition sector is primarily driven by livestock production numbers, while pricing is largely based on costs of the underlying commodity metals. Demand for our mineral nutrition products can vary in different seasons of the year and due to changes in weather conditions in a particular region, both of which may cause animal feed consumption to fluctuate. As a result, we may experience regional and seasonal fluctuations in our Mineral Nutrition segment.
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Performance Products
Our Performance Products business manufactures and markets a number of specialty ingredients for use in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries, predominantly in the United States.
Our Products
Animal Health
MFAs and Other
Our MFAs and other business primarily consists of the production and sale of antibacterials (Stafac, Terramycin, Neo-Terramycin and Mecadox) and anticoccidials (Nicarb, Aviax, Aviax Plus, Coxistac and amprolium).
Antibacterials and Anticoccidials
We manufacture and market a broad range of antibacterials and other medicated products to the global livestock industry. These products provide therapeutic benefits for the animals and increased feed conversion efficiency, which are proven drivers of profitability for animal producers. The table below presents our core MFA products:
ProductActive IngredientMarket Entry of
Active Ingredient
Description
Terramycin®/TM-50®/ TM-100™oxytetracycline1951Antibacterial with multiple applications for a wide number of species
Nicarb®nicarbazin1954Anticoccidial for poultry
amproliumamprolium1960Anticoccidial for poultry and cattle
Bloat Guard®poloxalene1967Anti-bloat treatment for cattle
Banminth®pyrantel tartrate1972Anthelmintic for livestock
Mecadox®carbadox1972Antibacterial for swine to control Salmonellosis and dysentery
Stafac®/Eskalin™/V-Max®virginiamycin1975Antibacterial used to prevent and control diseases in poultry, swine and cattle
Coxistac™/Posistac™salinomycin1979Anticoccidial for poultry and cattle; disease preventative in swine
Rumatel®morantel tartrate1981Anthelmintic for livestock
Cerditac™/Cerdimix™oxibendazole1982Anthelmintic for livestock
Aviax®/Aviax II™semduramicin1995Anticoccidial for poultry
Neo-Terramycin®/Neo-TM™oxytetracycline + neomycin1999Combination of two antibacterials with multiple applications for a wide number of species
Aviax Plus™/Avi-Carb®semduramicin + nicarbazin2010Anticoccidial for poultry
Antibacterials are biological or chemical products used in the animal health industry to treat or to prevent bacterial diseases, thereby promoting more efficient livestock growth. Several factors contribute to limit the efficiency, weight gain and feed conversions of livestock production, including stress, poor
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nutrition, environmental and management challenges and disease. Antibacterials help prevent, control and treat disease in livestock, which can also lead to improved overall health of the animals, improved rate of weight gain and more efficient feed conversion. Our antibacterial products include:

Oxytetracycline and Neomycin. Terramycin® utilizes the active ingredient oxytetracycline and Neo-Terramycin® combines the active ingredients neomycin and oxytetracycline to prevent, control and treat a wide range of diseases in chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine and aquaculture. We sell Terramycin and/or Neo-Terramycin products primarily in the United States, Latin America, Mexico and Asia to livestock and aquaculture producers, feed companies and distributors.

Virginiamycin. Virginiamycin is an antibacterial marketed under the brand names Stafac® to poultry, swine and cattle producers, Eskalin™ to dairy cows and beef cattle producers and V-Max® for beef cattle producers. Virginiamycin is used to prevent necrotic enteritis in chickens, treat and control swine dysentery and aid in the prevention of liver abscesses in cattle. Our experience in the development and production of virginiamycin has enabled us to develop significant intellectual property through trade secret know-how, which has helped protect against competition from generics. We are the sole worldwide manufacturer and marketer of virginiamycin.

Carbadox. We market carbadox under the brand name Mecadox® for use in swine feeds to control swine Salmonellosis and swine dysentery and, as a result, improve animal health and performance. Mecadox is sold primarily in the United States to feed companies and large integrated swine producers.
Anticoccidials are produced through fermentation and chemical synthesis, and are primarily used to prevent and control the disease coccidiosis in poultry and cattle, thereby promoting more efficient livestock growth. Coccidiosis is a disease of the digestive tract that has considerable health consequences to livestock and, as a result, is of great concern to livestock producers. We sell our anticoccidials primarily to integrated poultry producers and feed companies in North America, Latin America and Asia, and to international animal health companies. Our anticoccidial products include:

Nicarbazin. We produce and market nicarbazin under the trademark Nicarb® and as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Nicarbazin is a broad-spectrum anticoccidial used for coccidiosis prevention in chickens.

Amprolium. We produce and market amprolium as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. We also have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval to sell amprolium as Boviprol™ 9.6% Oral Solution to cattle and calves and Coxiprol™ 9.6% Oral Solution to poultry.

Salinomycin and Semduramicin. We produce and market Coxistac®, Aviax®/Aviax II™/Aviax Plus™/Avi-Carb® and Posistac™, which are in a class of compounds known as ionophores, to combat coccidiosis and increase feed efficiency in poultry and swine. We market our salinomycin and semduramicin products in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and have received FDA approval to sell Aviax/Aviax II in the United States.
Anthelmintics are used to treat infestations of parasitic intestinal worms. Our anthelmintic products include Rumatel® and Banminth®, which are both marketed to control major internal nematode parasites in beef and dairy cattle and swine.
Bloat Guard® is an anti-bloat treatment used in cattle to control bloat in animals grazing on legume or wheat-pasture.
Nutritional Specialties
Our primary nutritional specialty products have been identified, developed and commercialized by our staff of nutritionists and veterinarians working with private research companies, leading universities, and customers with whom we collaborate. For those of our nutritional specialty products that are not proprietary or exclusive to us, we typically maintain unique supply agreements or exclusive distributor status with the product developers giving us preferential access to trademarks, territories and research data.
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Our nutritional specialty products include:
ProductMarket
Entry
Description
AB20®1989Natural flow agent that improves overall feed quality
Chromax®1992Source of organic chromium used to optimize swine production through reproductive efficiency
Animate®1999Maintains proper blood calcium levels in dairy cows during critical transition period
Omnigen-AF®2004Optimizes immune status in dairy cows
Provia 6086™2013Direct fed microbial for all classes of livestock
Magni-Phi®2015Proprietary blend that helps to improve immune response to enhance absorption and utilization of nutrients for poultry
Cellerate Yeast Solutions®2017Proprietary yeast culture products for all classes of livestock to help improve digestive health
AB20® is a natural flow agent that, when added to feed, improves the overall feed quality. The product is one of the most thoroughly researched in the flow agent product category.
Chromax®, chromium tripicolinate, is a source of organic chromium used to optimize swine production and is predominantly used in sows where it has been proven to improve reproductive efficiency and litter size. Chromax can result in a significant return on investment for swine producers because of its low cost relative to other production costs and the reproductive and litter size improvements it promotes.
Animate® is a unique patented anionic mineral supplement that helps optimize the health and performance of the transition dairy cow and improves profitability for dairy producers.
OmniGen-AF® is a proprietary nutritional specialty product manufactured and marketed exclusively by us that has been shown in various studies to help maintain a cow’s healthy immune system and improve their natural response to potential environmental and health challenges.
Magni-Phi® is a proprietary blend of saponins, triterpenoids and polyphenols that helps to improves immune response to enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients for poultry.
Cellerate Yeast Solutions® is a line of proprietary yeast culture and yeast culture blends with yeast fractions and/or live cell yeast used in all classes of livestock and companion animals for improved digestive health, feed intake and/or pathogen inhibition. Improved digestive health may lead to improved animal health and performance.
Nutritional specialty products are marketed to livestock producers by working through key influencers, such as animal nutritionists and veterinarians.
Vaccines
We develop, manufacture and market vaccines primarily for poultry in Israel, Turkey, China, South East Asia, India, East and Central Europe, Brazil and other Latin American countries and various African countries. In addition, we manufacture and market certain autogenous vaccines for chickens, swine and cattle in the United States. We produce vaccines that protect animals from both viral and bacterial disease challenges. Our vaccine products include:
ProductMarket
Entry
Description
V.H.®1974Live vaccine for the prevention of Newcastle Disease in poultry
Tailor Made® Vaccines1982Autogenous vaccines against bacterial and viral diseases in swine and cattle
MVP Adjuvants®1982Components of veterinary vaccines which enhance the immune response to a vaccine
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ProductMarket
Entry
Description
TAbic M.B.2004Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bursal Disease in poultry
MJPRRS®2007Autogenous vaccine for the prevention of PRRS in swine
TAbic IB VAR2009Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bronchitis variant 1 strain 233A in poultry
TAbic IB VAR2062010Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bronchitis variant 206 in poultry
SRP® Autogenous Vaccines2014Autogenous vaccines using Epitopix’s proprietary SRP vaccine technology for prevention of various diseases in chickens including Salmonella and E. coli bacteria
The V.H. strain of Newcastle Disease vaccine is a pathogenic strain and is effective when applied by aerosol, coarse spray, drinking water or eye-drops. It has been used successfully under various management and climate conditions in many breeds of poultry.
Tailor Made® Vaccines are autogenous vaccines against bacterial and viral diseases which contain antigens specific to each farm. We manufacture and sell these vaccines to veterinarians for use primarily in swine and cattle.
MVP Adjuvants® are integral components used in inactivated veterinary vaccines which enhance the immune response to a vaccine. Our adjuvants include Emulsigen®, Carbigen and Polygen.
The M.B. strain of Gumboro vaccine is an intermediate virulence live vaccine strain used for the prevention of Infectious Bursal Disease in poultry. The intermediate strain was developed to provide protection against the new field epidemic virus, which is more virulent than those previously encountered.
MJPRRS®, an autogenous vaccine for swine, is administered to pregnant sows to protect their offspring from PRRS. This vaccine includes multiple PRRS isolates representing different groups of PRRS viruses.
TAbic IB VAR and TAbic IB VAR206 vaccines are intermediate virulence live vaccine strains used for the prevention of infectious bronchitis in poultry. Both vaccines have become significant tools in the increasing fight against infectious bronchitis in regions throughout the world.
In the United States, we distribute Epitopix’s proprietary SRP® autogenous vaccines for chickens. Several clinical challenge studies with Salmonella and E. coli bacteria (which are a focus of food safety) have been completed using SRP technology.
We also focus on innovation to produce new antigens or new presentations of antigens, and have developed new vaccines, such as the inactivated subunit Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Egg Drop Syndrome vaccines, being sold as monovalent vaccines or in combinations with other antigens.
Mineral Nutrition
Our Mineral Nutrition business manufactures and markets approximately 400 formulations and concentrations of trace minerals such as zinc, manganese, copper, iron and other compounds, with a focus on customers in North America. Our customers use these products to fortify the daily feed requirements of their livestock’s diets and maintain an optimal balance of trace elements in each animal. We manufacture and market a broad range of mineral nutrition products for food animals including poultry, swine and beef and dairy cattle. Volume growth in the mineral nutrition sector is primarily driven by livestock production numbers, while pricing is largely based on costs of the underlying commodity metals. Demand for our mineral nutrition products can vary in different seasons of the year and due to changes in weather conditions in a particular region, both of which may cause animal feed consumption to fluctuate. As a result, we may experience regional and seasonal fluctuations in our Mineral Nutrition segment.
Performance Products
Our Performance Products business manufactures and markets a number of specialty ingredients for use in the personal care, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries, predominantly in the United States.
Our Products
Animal Health
MFAs and Other
Our MFAs and other products primarily consists of the production and sale of antibacterials (Stafac, Terramycin, Neo-Terramycin and Mecadox) and anticoccidials (Nicarb, Aviax, Aviax Plus, Coxistac and amprolium). We sell our MFAs and other products in all regions where we do business.
Antibacterials and Anticoccidials
We manufacture and market a broad range of antibacterials and other medicated products to the global livestock industry. These products provide therapeutic benefits for the animals and increased feed conversion efficiency, which are proven drivers of profitability for animal producers. The table below presents our core MFA products:
ProductActive IngredientMarket Entry of
Active Ingredient
Description
Terramycin®/TM-50®/ TM-100™oxytetracycline1951Antibacterial with multiple applications for a wide number of species
Nicarb®nicarbazin1954Anticoccidial for poultry
amproliumamprolium1960Anticoccidial for poultry and cattle
Bloat Guard®poloxalene1967Anti-bloat treatment for cattle
Banminth®pyrantel tartrate1972Anthelmintic for livestock
Mecadox®carbadox1972Antibacterial for swine to control Salmonellosis and dysentery
Stafac®/Eskalin™/V-Max®virginiamycin1975Antibacterial used to prevent and control diseases in poultry, swine and cattle
Coxistac™/Posistac™salinomycin1979Anticoccidial for poultry, cattle and swine
Rumatel®morantel tartrate1981Anthelmintic for livestock
Cerditac™/Cerdimix™oxibendazole1982Anthelmintic for livestock
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ProductActive IngredientMarket Entry of
Active Ingredient
Description
Aviax®semduramicin1995Anticoccidial for poultry
Neo-Terramycin®/Neo-TM™oxytetracycline + neomycin1999Combination of two antibacterials with multiple applications for a wide number of species
Aviax® Plus/Avi-Carb®semduramicin + nicarbazin2010Anticoccidial for poultry
Antibacterials are biological or chemical products used in the animal health industry to treat or to prevent bacterial diseases, thereby promoting animal health, resulting in more efficient livestock growth. Several factors contribute to limit the efficiency, weight gain and feed conversions of livestock production, including stress, poor nutrition, environmental and management challenges and disease. Antibacterials help prevent, control and treat disease in livestock, which can also lead to improved overall health of the animals, improved rate of weight gain and more efficient feed conversion. Our antibacterial products include:

Oxytetracycline and Neomycin. Terramycin® utilizes the active ingredient oxytetracycline and Neo-Terramycin® combines the active ingredients neomycin and oxytetracycline to prevent, control and treat a wide range of diseases in chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine and aquaculture. We sell Terramycin and Neo-Terramycin products primarily to livestock and aquaculture producers, feed companies and distributors.

Virginiamycin. Virginiamycin is an antibacterial marketed under the brand names Stafac® to poultry, swine and cattle producers, Eskalin™ to dairy cows and beef cattle producers and V-Max® for beef cattle producers. Virginiamycin is used primarily to prevent necrotic enteritis in chickens, treat and control swine dysentery and aid in the prevention or reduce the incidence of liver abscesses in cattle. Our experience in the development and production of virginiamycin has enabled us to develop significant intellectual property through trade secret know-how, which has helped protect against competition from generics. We are the sole worldwide manufacturer and marketer of virginiamycin.

Carbadox. We market carbadox under the brand name Mecadox® for use in swine feeds to control swine Salmonellosis and swine dysentery and, as a result, improve animal health and performance. Mecadox is sold primarily in the United States to feed companies and large integrated swine producers.
Anticoccidials are produced through fermentation or chemical synthesis, and are primarily used to prevent and control the disease coccidiosis in poultry and cattle, thereby promoting animal health, resulting in more efficient livestock growth. Coccidiosis is a disease of the digestive tract that has considerable health consequences to livestock and, as a result, is of great concern to livestock producers. We sell our anticoccidials primarily to integrated poultry producers and feed companies and to international animal health companies. Our anticoccidial products include:

Nicarbazin. We produce and market nicarbazin, a broad-spectrum anticoccidial used for coccidiosis prevention in poultry. We market nicarbazin under the trademarks Nicarb® and Nicarmix® and as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Amprolium. We produce and market amprolium primarily as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Salinomycin and Semduramicin. We produce and market Coxistac®, Aviax®/Aviax Plus™/Avi-Carb® and Posistac™, which are in a class of compounds known as ionophores, to combat coccidiosis in poultry and increase feed efficiency in swine.
Anthelmintics are used to treat infestations of parasitic intestinal worms. Our anthelmintic products include Rumatel® and Banminth®, which are both marketed to control major internal nematode parasites in beef and dairy cattle and swine.
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Bloat Guard® is an anti-bloat treatment used in cattle to control bloat in animals grazing on legume or wheat-pasture.
Nutritional Specialties
Our primary nutritional specialty products have been identified, developed and commercialized by our staff of nutritionists and veterinarians working with private research companies, leading universities, and customers with whom we collaborate. For those of our nutritional specialty products that are not proprietary or exclusive to us, we typically maintain unique supply agreements or exclusive distributor status with the product developers giving us preferential access to trademarks, territories and research data.
Our nutritional specialty products include:
ProductMarket
Entry
Description
AB20®1989Natural flow agent that improves overall feed quality
Animate®1999Maintains proper blood calcium levels in dairy cows during critical transition period
Omnigen-AF®2004Optimizes immune status in dairy cows
Provia 6086™2013Direct fed microbial (B.coagulans) for all classes of livestock
Magni-Phi®2015Proprietary blend that helps to improve immune response and may lead to improved absorption and utilization of nutrients for poultry
Cellerate Yeast Solutions®2017Proprietary yeast culture products for all classes of livestock to help improve digestive health
Provia Prime™20194-way combination direct-fed microbial for optimization of gut health in poultry
AB20® is a natural flow agent that, when added to feed, improves the overall feed quality. The product is one of the most thoroughly researched in the flow agent product category.
Animate® is a patented anionic mineral supplement that helps optimize the health and performance of the transition dairy cow and improves profitability for dairy producers.
OmniGen-AF® is a proprietary nutritional specialty product that has been shown in various studies to help maintain a cow’s healthy immune system and improve their natural response to potential environmental stressors and health challenges.
Magni-Phi® is a proprietary blend of saponins, triterpenoids and polyphenols (classes of phytogenic feed additives or natural botanicals) that helps improve immune response and may lead to improved absorption and utilization of nutrients for poultry.
Cellerate Yeast Solutions® is a line of proprietary yeast culture and yeast culture blends with yeast fractions and/or live cell yeast used in all classes of livestock and companion animals for improved digestive health, feed intake and/or pathogen inhibition. Improved digestive health may lead to improved animal health and performance.
Provia Prime™ is a proprietary combination of four strains of bacillus-based direct-fed microbials that have been shown to promote beneficial gut bacteria, which can help promote health, immunity and weight gain in poultry and may also lead to lower pathogens (such as Clostridium perfringens, E. coli and Salmonella) in commercial poultry production.
We market nutritional specialty products to livestock producers by working through key influencers, such as animal nutritionists and veterinarians.
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Vaccines
We develop, manufacture and market fully licensed and autogenous vaccines for poultry, swine, cattle and aquaculture globally. We also develop, manufacture and market vaccination equipment. We produce vaccines that protect animals from either viral or bacterial disease challenges. Our vaccine products include:
ProductMarket
Entry
Description
V.H.®1974Live vaccine for the prevention of Newcastle Disease in poultry
Tailor Made® Vaccines1982Autogenous vaccines against either bacterial or viral diseases in poultry, swine and cattle
MVP Adjuvants®1982Components of veterinary vaccines that enhance the immune response to a vaccine
TAbic® M.B.2004Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bursal Disease in poultry
MJPRRS®2007Autogenous vaccine for the prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (“PRRS”) in swine
TAbic® IB VAR2009Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bronchitis variant 1 strain 233A in poultry
TAbic® IB VAR2062010Live vaccine for the prevention of Infectious Bronchitis variant 206 in poultry
MB-1TM2017Live hatchery vaccine for the prevention of Infections Bursal Disease in poultry
pHi-TechTM2019Portable electronic injection device enabling management and proper delivery of vaccines
The V.H. strain of Newcastle Disease vaccine is a pathogenic strain and is effective when applied by aerosol, coarse spray, drinking water or eye-drops. It has been used successfully under various management and climate conditions in many breeds of poultry.
Tailor Made® Vaccines are autogenous vaccines against either bacterial or viral diseases which contain antigens specific to each farm. We manufacture and sell these vaccines to veterinarians for use primarily in swine and cattle.
MVP Adjuvants® are integral components used in inactivated veterinary vaccines which enhance the immune response to a vaccine. Our adjuvants include Emulsigen®, Carbigen and Polygen.
The M.B. strain of Gumboro vaccine is an intermediate virulence live vaccine strain used for the prevention of Infectious Bursal Disease in poultry. The intermediate strain was developed to provide protection against the new field epidemic virus, which is more virulent than those previously encountered.
MJPRRS®, an autogenous vaccine for swine, is administered to pregnant sows to protect their offspring from PRRS. This vaccine includes multiple PRRS isolates representing different groups of PRRS viruses.
TAbic® IB VAR and TAbic® IB VAR206 vaccines are intermediate virulence live vaccine strains used for the prevention of infectious bronchitis in poultry. Both vaccines have become significant tools in the increasing fight against infectious bronchitis in regions throughout the world.
MB-1™ is a live attenuated vaccine for Infectious Bursal disease, developed from the M.B. strain, adapted for in-ovo or subcutaneous injection in the hatchery.
pHi-Tech™ is a portable electronic vaccination device that offers new technology and injection management to ensure proper delivery of vaccines.
We focus on innovation to produce new antigens or new presentations of antigens, and have developed new vaccines, such as the inactivated subunit Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Egg Drop Syndrome vaccines, being sold as monovalent vaccines or in combinations with other antigens.
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Mineral Nutrition
Our mineral nutrition products principally include inorganic and organic compounds of copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, selenium, manganese, magnesium and iodine. Our mineral nutrition products also include GemStone®, our exclusive line of chelated organic trace minerals, including zinc, manganese, copper and iron glycine chelates. These organic trace minerals improve bioavailability for livestock production and are available in a highly concentrated, easy-flowing granule.
Our major mineral nutrition customers are regional and national feed companies, distributors, co-ops, premixers, integrated swine, beef and poultry operations and pet food companies. The majority of our customers have nutrition staffs who determine their own formulae for custom trace mineral premixes.
Trace mineral costs fluctuate with commodity markets, and therefore, these products are price-sensitive. Their sale requires a focused effort on cost management, quality control, customer service, pricing and logistics execution to be profitable.
Performance Products
Our Performance Products business manufactures and markets products for use in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. We operate the business through our PhibroChem (a division of PAHC), Ferro Metal and Chemical Corporation Limited and Phibro-Tech, Inc. (“Phibro-Tech”) business units.
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Sales and Marketing
Our sales organization includes sales, marketing and technical support employees. In markets where we do not have a direct commercial presence, we generally contract with distributors that provide logistics and sales and marketing support for our products. Together, our Animal Health and Mineral Nutrition businesses have a sales, marketing and technical support organization of approximately 300350 employees plus approximately 200 distributors who market our portfolio of more than 1,300approximately 1,400 product presentations to livestock producers, animal feed companies and distributors in over 6575 countries.
In direct sales markets, we sell our animal health and mineral nutrition products through our local sales offices, either directly to integrated poultry, swine and cattle integrators or through commercial animal feed manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors. Our sales representatives visit our customers, including animal feed companies, distributors and livestock producers, to inform, promote and sell our products and services. In direct service markets, our technical operations specialists provide scientific consulting focused on disease management and herd management, training and education on diverse topics, including responsible product use.
We sell our Performance Products through our local sales offices to the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. We market these products predominately in the United States.
Customers
We have approximately 3,0003,500 customers, of which approximately 2,7003,200 customers are served by our Animal Health and Mineral Nutrition businesses. We consider a diverse set of livestock producers, including poultry and swine operations and beef and dairy farmers, to be the primary customers of our livestock products. We sell our products directly to livestock and aquaculture producers and to distributors that typically re-sell the products to livestock producers. We do not consider the business to be dependent on a single customer or a few customers, and we believe the loss of any one customer would not have a material adverse effect on our results.
We typically sell pursuant to purchase orders from customers and generally do not enter into long-term delivery contracts.
Product Registrations, Patents and Trademarks
We own certain product registrations, patents, trade names and trademarks, and use know-how, trade secrets, formulae and manufacturing techniques, which assist in maintaining the competitive positions of certain of our products. We believe that technology is an important component of our competitive
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position, and it provides us with low cost positions enabling us to produce high quality products. Patents protect some of our technology, but a significant portion of our competitive advantage is based on know-how built up over many years of commercial operation, which is protected as trade secrets. We own, or have exclusive rights to use under license, approximately 180250 patents or pending applications in approximatelymore than 50 countries but we believe that no single patent is of material importance to our business and, accordingly, that the expiration or termination thereof would not materially affect our business.
We market our animal health products under hundreds of governmental product registrations approving many of our products with respect to animal drug safety and efficacy. The use of many of our medicated products is controlledregulated by regulatory authorities that are specific to each country (e.g., the FDA in the United States, Health Canada in Canada and EFSA/EMAEuropean Food Safety Authority (“EFSA”) and the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in Europe). Because they regulate the safetyEurope. Medicated product registrations and wholesomeness of the human food supply, their responsibility includes feed additivesrequirements are country- and product-specific for animals from which human food products are derived. Each of our medicated products is registered separately in each country where it isin which they are sold. We continuously monitor, maintain and update the appropriate registration files pertaining to such regulations and approvals. In certain countries where we work with a third party distributor, local regulatory requirements may require registration in the name of such distributor. As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had approximately 700750 Animal Health product registrations globally, including approximately 400 MFA registrations and approximately 300350 vaccine registrations. Our MFA global registrations included 9594 registrations for virginiamycin.
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Additionally, many of our vaccine products are based on proprietary master seeds, proprietary adjuvant formulations or patented virus grouping technology. We actively seek to protect our proprietary information, including our trade secrets and proprietary know-how, by seeking to require our employees, consultants, advisors and partners to enter into confidentiality agreements and other arrangements upon the commencement of their employment or engagement.
We seek to file and maintain trademark registrations around the world based on commercial activities in most regions where we have, or desire to have, a business presence for a particular product or service. We currently maintain, or have rights to use under license, approximately 1,5001,600 trademark registrations or pending applications globally, identifying goods and services related to our business.
Our technology, brands and other intellectual property are important elements of our business. We rely on patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as non-disclosure agreements, to protect our intellectual property rights. Our policy is to vigorously protect, enforce and defend our rights to our intellectual property, as appropriate.
Regulatory
Many of our animal health and mineral nutrition products require licensing by a governmental agency before marketing. To maintain compliance with these regulatory requirements, we have established processes, systems and dedicated resources with end-to-end involvement from product concept to launch and maintenance in the market. Our regulatory function seeks to engage in dialogue with various global agencies regarding their policies that relate to animal health products. For products that are currently subject to formal licensing by government agencies, our business relies on the ongoing approval and/or periodic re-approval of those licenses. Failure to maintain and, where applicable, renew those licenses for any reason including, but not limited to, changing regulations, more stringent technical, legal or regulatory requirements, or failure of the company or its agents to make timely, complete or accurate submissions, could result in suspension or loss of the company’s rights to market its products in one or more countries.
United States
In the United States, governmental oversight of animal nutrition and health products is conducted primarily by the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) and/or the FDA. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) has jurisdiction over certain products applied topically to animals or to premises to control external parasites and shares regulatory jurisdiction of ethanol manufactured in biofuel manufacturing facilities with the FDA.
The USDA and the FDA are primarilythe agencies responsible for the safety and wholesomeness of the U.S. human food supply. The FDA regulates foods intended for human consumption and, through the Center for Veterinary Medicine (“CVM”), regulates the manufacture and distribution of animal drugs that will be given
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marketed in the U.S. including those administered to animals from which human foods are derived. All manufacturers of animal health pharmaceuticals marketed in the United States, must show their products to be safe, effective and produced by a consistent method of manufacture as defined under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. To protect the food and drug supply, for animals, the FDA develops technical standards for human and animal drug safety, effectiveness, labeling and effectiveness andGood Manufacturing Practice. The CVM evaluates data necessary to support approvals of veterinary drugs. Drug sponsors are required to file reports of certain product quality defects and adverse events in accordance with agency requirements.
The main regulatory body in the United States for veterinary pesticides is the EPA. The EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs is responsible for the regulation of pesticide products applied to animals. All manufacturers of animal health pesticides must show their products will not cause “unreasonable adverse effects to man or the environment” as stated in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Within the United States, pesticide products that are approved by the EPA must also be approved by individual state pesticide authorities before distribution in that state. Post-approval monitoring of products is required, with reports provided to the EPA and some state regulatory agencies.
FDA approval of Type A/B/C Medicated Feed Articles and drugs is based on satisfactory demonstration of safety, efficacy, manufacturing quality standards and appropriate labelling.labeling. Efficacy requirements are based on the desired label claim and encompass all species for which label indication is desired. Safety requirements include target animal safety and, in the case of food animals, human food
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safety (HFS). HFS reviews encompassinclude drug residue levels and the safety of those residue levels. In addition to the safety and efficacy requirements for animal drugs used in food-producing animals, environmental safety must be demonstrated. Depending on the compound, the environmental studies may be quite extensive and expensive. In many instances, the regulatory hurdles for a drug that will be used in food-producing animals are at least as stringent as, if not more so than, those required for a drug used in humans. In addition, certain safety requirements relating to antimicrobial resistance must be met for antimicrobial products.
The CVM Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation is responsible for reviewing information submitted by drug sponsors who wish to obtain approval to manufacture and sell animal drugs. A new animal drug is deemed unsafe unless there is an approved New Animal Drug Application (“NADA”). Virtually all animal drugs are “new animal drugs” within the meaning of the term in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. An approved Abbreviated New Animal Drug Application (“ANADA”) is a generic equivalent of an NADA previously approved by the FDA. Both are administeredregulated by the FDA. The drug development process for human therapeutics can be more involved than that for animal drugs. However, because human food safety and environmental safety are issues for food-producing animals, the animal drug approval process for food-producing animals typically takes longer than for non-food-producing animals, such as companion animals.
The FDA may deny an NADA or ANADA if applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied, require additional testing or information, or require post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of a product. There can be no assurances that FDA approval of any NADA or ANADA will be granted on a timely basis, or at all. Moreover, if regulatory approval of a product is granted, such approval may entail limitations on the indicated uses for which it may be marketed. Finally, product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur following initial marketing. Among the conditions for NADA or ANADA approval is the requirement that the prospective manufacturer’s quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) regulations. A manufacturing facility is periodically inspected by the FDA for determination of compliance with cGMP after an initial pre-approval inspection. Certain subsequent manufacturing changes must be approved by the FDA prior to implementation. In complying with standards set forth in these regulations, manufacturers must continue to expend time, monies and effort in the area of production and quality control to ensure compliance. The process of seeking FDA approvals can be costly, time consuming, and subject to unanticipated and significant delays. There can be no assurance that such approvals will be granted on a timely basis, or at all. Any delay in obtaining or any failure to obtain FDA or foreign government approvals, or the suspension or revocation of such approvals, would adversely affect our ability to introduce and market our products and to generate revenue.
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The issue of the potential for increased bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics used in certain food-producing animals is the subject of discussions on a worldwide basis and, in certain instances, has led to government restrictions on the use of antibiotics in these food-producing animals. The sale of antibiotics is a material portion of our business. Legislative bills are introduced in the United States Congress from time to time that, if adopted, could have an adverse effect on our business. One of these initiatives is a proposed bill called the Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act, which has been introduced in almost every Congress since the mid 2000’s. To date, such bills have not had sufficient support to become law. Should statutory, regulatory or other developments result in restrictions on the sale of our products, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In November 2004, the CVM released a draft for comment of its risk assessment of streptogramin resistance for treatment of certain infections in humans attributable to the use of streptogramins in animals (the “risk assessment”). The risk assessment was initiated after approval of a human drug called Synercid® (quinupristin/dalfopristin) for treating vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREf), which led to increased attention regarding the use of streptogramins in animals. Synercid and virginiamycin (the active ingredient in our Stafac product) are both members of the streptogramin class of antimicrobial drugs. The risk assessment was unable to produce any firm conclusions as to whether, and, if so, how much, the use of virginiamycin in food animals contributes to the occurrence of streptogramin-resistant infections in humans via a foodborne pathway.
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In classifying virginiamycinstreptogramins in 2003 as a “medically important antimicrobial” (“MIA”) on the CVM’s Guidance for Industry (“GFI”) 152 list, a guidance document for evaluating the microbial safety of antimicrobial new animal drugs on food for human consumption, the FDA’s stated concern was the potential impact on use of Synercid for treating VREf in humans. In 2010, the U.S. label for Synercid was changed and the VREf indication was removed. The FDA determined that data submitted by the sponsor of Synercid failed to verify clinical benefit of the product for the treatment of VREf infections in humans. We have requested that the FDA remove the streptogramin class of antimicrobials from GFI 152 to reflect that they are not “medically important” for human therapy, however, the FDA has declined our request, citing primarily the need to engage all stakeholders on any possible changes to GFI 152 through the processes mandated by the FDA’s good guidance practices, including issuing guidance revisions in draft and giving the public an opportunity to comment.request. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in the future in gaining the FDA’s agreement with our view that removal of the VREf indication for Synercid requires the FDA to remove virginiamycinstreptogramins are no longer medically important and accordingly that this antimicrobial class should be removed from the GFI 152 list.list of MIAs.
Effective January 2017, the CVM’s revised VFDVeterinary Feed Directive (“VFD”) regulations, which included changes to the control and use of antimicrobial products for use in animal feed, require that affected antimicrobial products may only be used if authorized by a veterinarian in accordance with the regulations. Prior to implementation of the revised VFD regulations, many approved antimicrobial products could be obtained and used without formal veterinary authorization.
In January 2017, the FDA and industry completed the process of label changes for MIA products to remove production claims and to limit the use of MIAs to those uses that are considered necessary for assuring animal health, namely for the prevention, control, and/or treatment of disease, and that MIA use in food-producing animals should include veterinary oversight or consultation. The label changes were the result of recommendations from the CVM, as described in GFI 213 (“New Animal Drugs and New Animal Drug Combination Products Administered in or on Medicated Feed or Drinking Water of Food-Producing Animals: Recommendations for Drug Sponsors for Voluntarily Aligning Product Use Conditions with GFI 209”) and GFI 209 (“The Judicious Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing Animals”). We completed the process for label changes as described in GFI 213 by January 2017, within the timeline requested by the FDA.
In the United States, the antibacterial products within our poultry business, the largest portion of our MFAs and other business in this region, as well as our cattle business, have approved therapeutic indications. We believe, based on current producer usage patterns, the large majority of use of our products that have been classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials is for therapeutic purposes. Overall, United States sales of antibacterial products that have been classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials were $23 million and $37 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In April 2016, the FDA began initial steps to withdraw approval of Mecadox (carbadox), due to concerns that certain residues from the product may persist in tissues for longer than previously determined. ThisIn July 2016, we submitted our data, analyses and information to the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. In March 2018, the FDA indefinitely stayed the withdrawal proceedings; we continue to submit data to the FDA and respond to their questions. There is no timeline for the conclusion of this matter. The initial action by the FDA does not prohibit the sale or use of Mecadox in the United States. We have complete confidence in the safety of Mecadox. Mecadox has been approved and sold in the United States for more than 40 years and is a widely used treatment for controlling bacterial
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diseases including Salmonella and swine dysentery. Mecadox is not used in human medicine and the class of drug is not considered a medically important antimicrobial. The approved Mecadox label requires a 42-day withdrawal period pre-harvesting, and to date we have not seen any hazardous residues of carbadox being detected from pig meat treated in accordance with the approved label. We have complete confidence
The FDA routinely carries out audits related to cGMP standards for manufacturing facilities that make veterinary drug products and active pharmaceutical ingredients approved for sale in the safetyU.S. The FDA inspectors may make observations during the course of Mecadox.these inspections, which may require corrective action in order for the manufacturing facility to remain in compliance with cGMP standards. Failure to take such corrective actions could result in the manufacturing facility being ineligible to receive future FDA approvals. In response to FDA inquiries several years ago, we began rigorous new studiesvery serious cases of the continued safety of the product when used in accordancenoncompliance with the label. Our studies were completed in July 2016, and we submitted our data, analyses and information tocGMP standards, the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. The timing of the FDA’s response to our submission is not subject tomay issue a predetermined deadline. Our sales of Mecadoxwarning letter which could result in products produced in such manufacturing facility no longer being eligible for sale in the United States were approximately $15 million for each of the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. ShouldU.S. Although it is our objective to remain in full conformance with U.S. cGMP standards, we be unable to successfully defend the safety of the product, the loss of Mecadox sales would have a negative impact to the results of our operations.
In February 2015, the FDA conducted a follow-up inspection at our Teaneck, NJ headquarters to verify changes to and corrective actions related to various analytical test results and practices, expiration
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dating and reporting requirements regarding specification non-conformance. A Form 483 was issued, which contained one inspectional observation citing two examples of the observed violation. The observation questioned whether or not we are able to confirm that the drug components (of Type A medicated products) remain uniformly dispersed and stable under ordinary conditions of shipment, storage and use. We responded to the inspectional observation in writing in March 2015. This inspectional observation has not impacted our ability to market products in the United Statespast received adverse observations and may in the future receive adverse observations or any other country. We believe the Form 483 observation has been satisfactorily addressed; however, we have not yet received a formal response from the FDA to our written response.
In March 2016, the FDA conducted a cGMP audit of our manufacturing facility at Guarulhos, Brazil. The FDA issued inspectional observations (Form 483) pertaining to six observations made during the inspection. We responded to the inspectional observations in May 2016 and have committed to provide additional data when available. It is likely the FDA will require a follow up site inspection to review the actions we have taken. Such an inspection, if needed, could occur at any time, or may be incorporated with a routine cGMP audit. The timing of such audit is determined by the FDA but is typically at approximately two year intervals. While we have taken actions to address our cGMP program and are working to implement the FDA’s remaining recommendations, there can be no assurance that the FDA will concur.warning letters. Failure to comply with cGMP standards could have a material impact on our business and financial results.
European Union
European Union (“E.U.”) legislation requires that veterinary medicinal products must have a marketing authorization before they are placed on the market in the European Union. A veterinary medicinal product must meet certain quality, safety, efficacy and environmental criteria to receive a marketing authorization. The European Medicines Agency (and its main veterinary scientific committee, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use) and the national authorities in the various E.U. Member States, are responsible for administering this regime.
A separate E.U. regime applies to feed additives. It provides for a re-registration process for existing additives and this process is ongoing. For certain types of additives, the authorizations are not generic in nature (so that they can be relied upon by any operator) but are limited to the company that obtained the marketing authorization. They are known as Brand Specific Approvals (“BSA”). The system is similar to the U.S. system, where regulatory approval is for the formulated product or “brand.”
The European Food Safety Authority (“EFSA”)EFSA is responsible for the E.U. risk assessment regarding food and feed safety. InOperating under the European Commission, in close collaboration with national authorities and in open consultation with its stakeholders, the EFSA provides independent scientific advice and communication on existing and emerging risks. The EFSA may issue advice regarding the process of adopting or revising European legislation on food or feed safety, deciding whether to approve regulated substances such as pesticides and food additives, or developing new regulatory frameworks and policies, for instance, in the field of nutrition. The EFSA aims to provide appropriate, consistent, accurate and timely communications on food safety issues to all stakeholders and the public at large, based on the Authority’s risk assessments and scientific expertise. OneThe containment of antimicrobial resistance is one of the key areas of concern for the EFSA, isEMA, the containment of antimicrobial resistance.European Commission and its Directorates, the European Parliament and European Member State Governments.
A number of manufacturers, including us, submitted dossiers in order to re-register various anticoccidials for the purpose of obtaining regulatory approval from the European Commission. The BSA for our nicarbazin product was published in October 2010. We sell nicarbazin under our own BSA and as an active ingredient for another marketer’s product that has obtained a BSA and is sold in the European Union. Similarly, a BSA for our semduramicin product, Aviax, was published in 2006 and requiresrequired reauthorization in October 2016. We have submitted a dossier for reauthorization in accordance with the requirements of the EFSA and responded to request for additional information from the EFSA by submitting additional data. Because the EFSA’s requests were in addition to standard reauthorization requirements, the current BSA remains valid while the EFSA reviews the additional data we have submitted. There can be no guarantee that these submissions will be reviewed favorably or in a timely manner. Failure to gain reauthorization in a timely manner could have an adverse financial impact on our business.
In December 2018, the European Parliament and Council of the E.U. promulgated new veterinary medicinal products regulations known as E.U. 2019/6. The implementing act for these regulations has not yet been passed but includes rules that could require animals or animal origin products imported into the
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E.U. from other countries to be produced under the same conditions as are required in the E.U. This may preclude the use of veterinary products not approved in the E.U. or require animal health products to be used in the manner approved in the E.U. If such restrictions are implemented, they could result in a reduction or elimination of the use of our products, especially our antibacterial products, in countries that export animals or animal derived products to the E.U. and other countries that align their regulations with E.U. regulations.
Brazil
The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Production and Supply (“MAPA”) is the regulatory body in Brazil responsible for the regulation and control of pharmaceuticals, biologicals and medicinal feed additives for animal use. MAPA’s regulatory activities are conducted through the Secretary of Agricultural Defense and its Livestock Products Inspection Department. These activities include the inspection and licensing of both manufacturing and commercial establishments for veterinary products, as well as the submission, review and approval of pharmaceuticals, biologicals and medicinal feed additives.
Rest of world
We are also subject to regulatory requirements governing investigation, clinical trials and marketing approval for animal drugs in many other countries in which our products are sold. The regulatory approval process includes similar risks to those associated with the FDA and European Commission approvals set forth above.
Global policy and guidance
Country-specific regulatory laws have provisions that include requirements for certain labeling, safety, efficacy and manufacturers’ quality procedures (to assure the consistency of the products), as well as company records and reports. With the exception of Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand, most other countries’ regulatory agencies will generally refer to the FDA, USDA, European Union and other international animal health entities, including the World Organization for Animal Health, Codex Alimentarius Commission, the recognized international standard-setting body for food (“Codex”), before establishing their own standards and regulations for veterinary pharmaceuticals and vaccines.
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives is an international expert scientific committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. It provides risk assessments and safety evaluations of residues of veterinary drugs in animal products as well as exposure and residue definition and maximum residue limit proposals for veterinary drugs in traded food commodities. These internationally published references may also be used by national authorities when setting domestic standards. We work with the national authorities to establish acceptable safe levels of residual product in food-producing animals after treatment. This in turn enables the calculation of appropriate withdrawal times for our products prior to an animal entering the food chain.
In July 2014, the Codex adopted risk management advice language for a number of compounds including carbadox. The advice language states “authorities should prevent residues of carbadox in food. This can be accomplished by not using carbadox in food producing animals.” The advice language is to provide advice only and is not binding on individual national authorities, and almost all national authorities already have long-established regulatory standards for carbadox, including prohibiting the use of carbadox in swine production within their territory, prohibiting the importation of pork from swine that are fed carbadox, or permitting the importation of pork from swine that are fed carbadox provided there is no detection of carbadox residues in the meat. The advice language may be considered by national authorities in making future risk management determinations. To the extent additional national authorities elect to follow the advice and prohibit the use of carbadox in food-producing animals and/or the importation of pork from swine that are fed carbadox, such decisions could have an adverse effect on our sales of carbadox in those countries or in countries that produce meat for export to those countries.
Advertising and promotion review
Promotion of animal health products is controlled by regulations in many countries. These rules generally restrict advertising and promotion to those approved claims and uses that have been reviewed and
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endorsed by the applicable agency. We conduct a review of promotion material for compliance with the local and regional requirements in the markets where we sell animal health products.
Food Safety Inspection Service/Generally Recognized As Safe
The FDA is authorized to determine the safety of substances (including “generally recognized as safe” (“GRAS”) substances, and food and feed additives), as well as prescribing safe conditions of use. The
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FDA, which has the responsibility for determining the safety of substances, together with the Food Safety and Inspection Service, the food safety branch within the USDA, maintain the authority in the United States to determine that new substances and new uses of previously approved substances are suitable for use in meat, milk and poultry products.
In 2008, the FDA announced that the agency required formal review of all additives used in the production of ethanol, including our Lactrol® product (formulated virginiamycin), where the co-products may be used for animal feed. Virginiamycin has been certified by an independent expert panel convened by us as GRAS for use as a processing aid in ethanol production and as related to the use of the resulting distiller’s co-products for animal feed. We believe that this determination satisfies the FDA requirement. However, there can be no assurance we will be successful in maintaining market access for our Lactrol product or other ethanol production additives that we sell.
Competition
We are engaged in highly competitive industries and, with respect to all of our major products, face competition from a substantial number of global and regional competitors. Some competitors have greater financial, R&D, production and other resources than we have. Our competitive position is based principally on our product registrations, customer service and support, breadth of product line, product quality, manufacturing technology, facility location, and product prices. We face competition in every market in which we participate. Some of our principal competitors include Bayer AG, Ceva Santé Animale, Boehringer Ingelheim International GMBH, Eli Lilly and Company (Elanco Animal Health), Huvepharma Inc., Lallemand Inc., Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Animal Health and MSD Animal Health), Pharmgate LLC, Southeastern Minerals, Inc., Virbac and Zoetis Inc. Many of our products face competition from products that may be used as an alternative or substitute.
There continueshas been, and there may continue to be, consolidation in the animal health market, which could strengthen our competitors. Our competitors can be expected to continue to improve the design and performance of their products and to introduce new products with competitive price and performance characteristics. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources to maintain our current competitive position, however, we believe the following strengths create sustainable competitive advantages that will enable us to continue our growth as a leader in our industry:
Products Aligned with Need for Increased Protein Production
Increased scarcity of natural resources is increasing the need for efficient production of food animals such as poultry, swine and cattle. Our animal health products, including our MFAs, vaccines and nutritional specialty products, help prevent and manage disease outbreaks and enhance nutrition to help support natural defenses against diseases. These products are often critical to our customers’ efficient production of healthy animals. Our leading MFAs product franchise, Stafac/V-Max/Eskalin, is approved in over 30 countries for use in poultry, swine and cattle and is regarded as one of the leading MFA products for production animals. Our nicarbazin and amprolium MFAs are globally recognized anticoccidials. Our nutritional specialty product offerings such as OmniGen-AF and Animate are used increasingly in the global dairy industry, and Magni-Phi is rapidly becoming an important product for poultry producers. Our vaccine products are effective against critical diseases in poultry, swine and cattle.
Global Presence with Existing Infrastructure in Key High-Growth Markets
We have an established direct presence in many important emerging markets, and we believe we are a leader in many of the emerging markets in which we operate. Our existing operations and established sales, marketing and distribution network in over 6575 countries provide us with opportunities to take advantage of global growth opportunities. Outside of the United States, our global footprint reaches to key high growth regions (countries where the livestock production growth rate is expected to be higher than the average growth rate) including Brazil and other countries in South America, China, India and Southeast Asia, Russia and former CIS countries, Mexico, Turkey, Australia, Canada and South Africa and other countries in Africa. Our operations in countries outside of the United States contributed approximately 52%63% of our Animal Health segment revenues for the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
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Leading Positions in High Growth Sub-sectors of the Animal Health Market
We are a global leader in the development, manufacture and commercialization of MFA and nutritional specialty products for the animal health market. We believe we are well positioned in the fastest growing food animal species segments of the animal health market with significant presence in poultry and
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swine, which are projected by Vetnosis to grow globally at compound annual rates from 20162018 through 20212023 of 6.8%5.7% and 5.1%2.6%, respectively. Our sales of MFA products were third largest in the animal health market. According to Vetnosis, MFA products are projected to grow at a compound annual rate of approximately 4.2%2.3% between 20162018 and 2021.2023.
Diversified and Complementary Product Portfolio with Strong Brand Name Recognition
We market products across the three largest livestock species (poultry, cattle and swine) and aquaculture and in the major product categories (MFAs, vaccines and nutritional specialty products). We believe our diversity of species and product categories enhances our sales mix and lowers our sales concentration risk. The complementary nature of our Animal Health and Mineral Nutrition portfolio provides us with unique cross-selling opportunities that can be used to gain access to new customers or deepen our relationships with existing customers. We believe we have strong brand name recognition for the Phibro name and for many of our animal health and mineral nutrition products, and we believe Phibro vaccines are recognized as an industry standard in efficacy against highly virulent disease challenges. Our diverse portfolio of products also allows us to address the distinct growing conditions of livestock in different regions.
Experienced Sales Force and Technical Support Staff with Strong, Consultative Customer Relationships
Within our Animal Health and Mineral Nutrition segments, utilizing both our sales, marketing and technical support organization of approximately 300350 employees and a broad distribution network, we market our portfolio of more than 1,3001,400 product presentations to livestock producers and veterinarians in over 6575 countries. We interact with customers at both their corporate and operating level, which we believe allows us to develop an in-depth understanding of their needs. Our technical support and research personnel are also important contributors to our overall sales effort. We have a total of approximately 130170 technical, field service and quality control/quality assurance personnel throughout the world. These professionals interface directly with our key customers to provide practical solutions to derive optimum benefits from our products.
Experienced, Committed Employees and Management Team
We have a diverse and highly skilled team of animal health professionals, including technical and field service personnel located in key countries throughout the world. These individuals have extensive field experience and are vital to helping us maintain and grow our business. Many of our field team have more than 20 years of experience in the animal health industry and many have been with us for more than 10 years.
We have a strong management team with a proven track record of success at both the corporate and operating levels. The executive management team has diverse backgrounds and an average of approximately 1820 years of experience in the animal health industry.
Employees
As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had approximately 1,4001,600 employees. Employees at our Guarulhos, Brazil facility are covered by a multi-employer regional industry-specific union. Certain of our Israeli employees are covered by site-specific collective bargaining agreements. Certain employees are covered by individual employment agreements. We believe our relations with union and non-union employees are good.
Manufacturing
The Animal Health business segment manufactures many products internally and supplements that production with contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”) as necessary.
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We manufacture active pharmaceutical ingredients for certain of our antibacterial and anticoccidial products at our facilities in Guarulhos, Brazil and Braganca Paulista, Brazil. We manufacture active pharmaceutical ingredients for certain of our anticoccidial and antimocirobal products at our facility in Neot Hovav, Israel. We produce vaccines at our facilities in Beit Shemesh, Israel and Omaha, Nebraska. We produce adjuvants in
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Omaha, Nebraska. We produce pharmaceuticals, disinfectants and other animal health products at our facility in Petach Tikva, Israel. We produce certain of our major nutritional specialty and mineral nutrition products at our facilities in Quincy and Chillicothe, Illinois, and we produce certain of our mineral nutrition products at our facility in Omaha, Nebraska.
We supplement internal manufacturing and production capabilities with CMOs. We purchase certain active pharmaceutical ingredients for other medicated products from CMOs in China, India, Mexico and other locations. We then formulate the final dosage form in our facilities and in contract facilities located in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa and the United States, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China and Israel.States.
We purchase certain raw materials necessary for the commercial production of our products from a variety of third-party suppliers. Such raw materials are generally available from multiple sources, are purchased worldwide and are normally available in quantities adequate to meet the needs of the Company’s business.
We believe that our existing facilities, as supplemented by CMOs, are adequate for our current requirements and for our operations in the foreseeable future.
Research and Development
Most of our manufacturing facilities have chemists and technicians on staff involved in product development, quality assurance, quality control and providing technical services to customers. Research, development and technical service efforts are conducted by our veterinarians (DVMs) and nutritionists at various facilities.
We operate Animal Health R&D and product testing at our facilities in: Guarulhos, Brazil; Beit Shemesh, Israel; Neot Hovav, Israel; Ma’ayan Tzvi, Israel; Quincy, Illinois; Corvallis, Oregon; State College, Pennsylvania; Manhattan, Kansas; St. Paul, Minnesota; and Omaha, Nebraska.
These facilities provide R&D services relating to: fermentation development and micro-biological strain improvement; vaccine development; chemical synthesis and formulation development; nutritional specialty product development; and ethanol-related products.
Our R&D expenses were $9.4 million, $11.0 million and $9.5 million for fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Environmental, Health and Safety
Our operations and properties are subject to Environmental Laws (as defined below) and regulations. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses to attain and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws. While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations, including for odor releases in Guarulhos, Brazil. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring to address contamination associated with historical operations. We maintain accruals for costs and liabilities associated with Environmental Laws, which we currently believe are adequate. In many instances, it is difficult to predict the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred.
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations. Violators of Environmental Laws may be subject to civil, criminal and administrative penalties, injunctions or both. Failure to comply with Environmental Laws may result in the temporary or permanent suspension of operations and/or permits, limitations on production, or increased operating costs. In addition, private plaintiffs may initiate lawsuits for personal injury, property damage, diminution in property value or other relief as a result of our operations. Environmental Laws, and the interpretation or enforcement thereof, are subject to change and may become more stringent in the future, potentially resulting in substantial future costs or capital or operating expenses. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental
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Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the impact of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or
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the cost of compliance. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
Environmental Health and Safety Regulations
The following summarizes the principal Environmental Laws affecting our business.
Waste Management. Our operations are subject to statutes and regulations addressing the contamination by, and management of, hazardous substances and solid and hazardous wastes. In the United States, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (“CERCLA”), also known as the “Superfund” law, and comparable state laws, generally impose strict joint and several liability for costs of investigation and remediation and related liabilities, on defined classes of  “potentially responsible parties” (“PRPs”). PRPs can be required to bear all of such costs regardless of fault, the legality of the original disposal or ownership of the disposal site. We have been, and may become, subject to liability under CERCLA for cleanup costs or investigation or clean up obligations or related third-party claims in connection with releases of hazardous substances at or from our current or former sites or offsite waste disposal facilities used by us, including those caused by predecessors or relating to divested properties or operations.
We must also comply with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended (“RCRA”), and comparable state laws regulating the treatment, storage, disposal, remediation and transportation of solid and hazardous wastes. These laws impose management requirements on generators and transporters of such wastes and on the owners and operators of treatment, storage and disposal facilities. As current or historic recyclers of chemical waste, certain of our subsidiaries have been, and are likely to be, the focus of extensive compliance reviews by environmental regulatory authorities under RCRA. Our subsidiary Phibro-Tech currently has a RCRA operating permit for its Santa Fe Springs, California facility, for which a renewal application is under review. Phibro-Tech initially submitted an application for renewal of its permit for the Santa Fe Springs facility in 1996. We are unable to predict when the State of California will issue a draft permit for public review and comment. Until the State of California issues its final decision on the renewal application, the facility is continuing to operate under the exiting permit. In addition, because we or our subsidiaries have closed several facilities that had been the subject of RCRA permits, we or our subsidiaries have been and will be required to investigate and remediate certain environmental contamination conditions at these shutdown plant sites within the requirements of RCRA corrective action programs.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. We must comply with regulations related to the discharge of pollutants to the waters of the United States without governmental authorization, including those pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Chemical Product Registration Requirements. We must comply with regulations related to the testing, manufacturing, labeling, registration and safety analysis of our products in order to distribute many of our products, including, for example, in the United States, the federal Toxic Substances Control Act and Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, and in the European Union, the Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances (“REACH”).
Air Emissions. Our operations are subject to the U.S. Clean Air Act (the “CAA”) and comparable U.S. state and foreign statutes and regulations, which regulate emissions of various air pollutants and contaminants. Certain of the CAA’s regulatory programs are the subject of ongoing review and/or are subject to ongoing litigation, such as the rules establishing new Maximum Achievable Control Technology for industrial boilers; significant expenditures may be required to meet current and emerging air quality standards. Regulatory agencies can also impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with air permits or other air quality regulations. States may choose to set more stringent air emissions rules than those in the CAA. State, national and international authorities have also issued
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requirements focusing on greenhouse gas reductions. In the United States, the EPA has promulgated federal greenhouse gas regulations under the CAA affecting certain sources. In addition, a number of state, local
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and regional greenhouse gas initiatives are also being developed or are already in place. In Israel and Brazil, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol requirements regarding greenhouse gas emission reductions consists of energy efficiency regulations, carbon dioxide emissions allowances trading and renewable energy requirements.
Capital Expenditures
We have incurred and expect to continue to incur costs to maintain compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our capital expenditures relating to environmental, health and safety regulations were $3.3$5.4 million for fiscal year 2017.ended June 30, 2019. We estimate that our capital expenditures for compliance will be $9.6$6.4 million and $5.0$4.6 million for fiscal years 20182020 and 2019,2021, respectively; however, these estimates are subject to change given the uncertainty of future Environmental Laws and the interpretation and enforcement thereof, as further described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our environmental capital expenditure plans cover, among other things, the currently expected costs associated with known permit requirements relating to facility improvements.
Contamination and Hazardous Substance Risks
Investigation, Remediation and Monitoring Activities. Certain of PAHC’s subsidiaries that are currently or were historically engaged in recycling and other activities involving hazardous materials have been required to perform site investigations at their active, closed and former facilities and neighboring properties. Contamination of soil, groundwater and other environmental media has been identified or is suspected at several of these locations, including Santa Fe Springs, California; Powder Springs, Georgia; Union, Illinois; Sewaren, New Jersey; Sumter, South Carolina; and Joliet, Illinois, and regulatory authorities have required, and will continue to require, further investigation, corrective action and monitoring over future years. These subsidiaries also have been, and in the future may be, required to undertake additional capital improvements as part of these actions. In addition, RCRA and other applicable statutes and regulations require these subsidiaries to develop closure and post-closure plans for their facilities and in the event of a facility closure, obtain a permit that sets forth a closure plan for investigation, remediation and monitoring and requires post-closure monitoring and maintenance for up to 30 years. We believe we are in material compliance with these requirements and maintain adequate reserves to complete remediation and monitoring obligations at these locations.
In connection with past acquisitions and divestitures, we have undertaken certain indemnification obligations that require us, or may in the future require us, to conduct or finance environmental cleanups at sites we no longer own or operate. Under the terms of the sale of the former facility in Joliet, Illinois, Phibro-Tech remains responsible for any required investigation and remediation of the site attributable to conditions at the site at the time of the February 2011 sale date, and we believe we have sufficient reserves to cover the cost of the remediation.
PRP at Omega Chemical Superfund Site. The EPA is investigating and planning for the remediation of offsite contaminated groundwater that has migrated from the Omega Chemical Corporation Superfund Site (“Omega Chemical Site”), which is upgradient of Phibro-Tech’s Santa Fe Springs, California facility. The EPA has named Phibro-Tech and certain other subsidiaries of PAHC as PRPs due to groundwater contamination from Phibro-Tech’s Santa Fe Springs facility that has allegedly commingled with contaminated groundwater from the Omega Chemical Site. In September 2012, the EPA notified approximately 140 PRPs, including Phibro-Tech and the other subsidiaries, that they have been identified as potentially responsible for remedial action for the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site and for EPA oversight and response costs. Phibro-Tech contends that any groundwater contamination at its site is localized and due to historical operations that pre-date Phibro-Tech and/or contaminated groundwater that has migrated from upgradient properties. In addition, a successor to a prior owner of the Phibro-Tech site has asserted that PAHC and Phibro-Tech are obligated to provide indemnification for its potential liability and defense costs relating to the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site. Phibro-Tech has vigorously contested this position and has asserted that the successor to the prior owner is required to indemnify Phibro-Tech for its potential liability and defense costs. Furthermore, a nearby property owner
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has filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California against many of the PRPs allegedly associated with the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site (including Phibro-Tech) for alleged contamination of groundwater underneath its property, and a group of companies that sent chemicals to the Omega Chemical Site for processing and recycling has filed a complaint under CERCLA RCRA and the common law public nuisance doctrineRCRA in the United States District Court for the Central District of
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California against many of the PRPs allegedly associated with the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site (including Phibro-Tech) for contribution toward past and future costs associated with the investigation and remediation of the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site. Due to the ongoing nature of the EPA’s investigation, the preliminary stage of the ongoing litigation and Phibro-Tech’s dispute with the prior owner’s successor, at this time we cannot predict with any degree of certainty what, if any, liability Phibro-Tech or the other subsidiaries may ultimately have for investigation, remediation and the EPA oversight and response costs associated with the affected groundwater plume.
Potential Claims. In addition to cleanup obligations, we could also be held liable for any and all consequences arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances or other environmental damage, which liability may not be covered by insurance.
Environmental Accruals and Financial Assurance. We have established environmental accruals to cover known remediation and monitoring costs at certain of our current and former facilities. Our accruals for environmental liabilities are recorded by calculating our best estimate of probable and reasonably estimable future costs using current information that is available at the time of the accrual. Our accruals for environmental liabilities totaled $7.2$5.9 million and $7.0$6.8 million as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
In certain instances, regulatory authorities have required us to provide financial assurance for estimated costs of remediation, corrective action, monitoring and closure and post-closure plans. Our subsidiaries, in most instances, have chosen to provide the required financial assurance by means of surety bonds or letters of credit, issued pursuant to our revolving credit facility, or by surety bonds.facility. As of June 30, 2017,2019, surety bonds and letters of credit provided $10.0$11.7 million of financial assurance.
Workplace Health and Safety
We are committed to manufacturing safe products and achieving a safe workplace. Our Environmental Health and Safety (“EHS”) Global Director, along with regional and site-based EHS professionals, manage environmental, health and safety matters throughout the Company. The site managers are responsible for implementing the established EHS controls. To protect employees, we have established health and safety policies, programs and processes at all our manufacturing sites. An external EHS audit is performed at each of our sites as needed based on the conditions at the respective sites.
Where You Can Find More information
We are subject to the information and periodic and current reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and, in accordance therewith, will file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Such periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information will be available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and through our website at www.pahc.com. You may also read or copy such periodic or current reports, proxy statements and other information the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the following risk factors, before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In any such case, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks below are not the only ones the Company faces. Additional risks not currently known to the Company or that the Company presently deems immaterial may also impair its business operations. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains
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forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company’s results could materially differ from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks it faces described below and elsewhere. See also “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risk Factors Relating to Our Business
Perceived adverse effects on human health linked to the consumption of food derived from animals that utilize our products could cause a decline in the sales of those products.
Our business depends heavily on a healthy and growing livestock industry. Some in the public perceive risks to human health related to the consumption of food derived from animals that utilize certain
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of our products, including certain of our MFA products. In particular, there is increased focus, primarily in the United States and other countries, on the use of medically important antimicrobials, as defined by the FDA. Medically important antimicrobials include classes that are prescribed in animal and human health and are listed in the Appendix of the FDA-CVM Guidance for Industry (GFI) 152. As defined by the FDA, medically important antimicrobials (“MIAs”) include classes that are prescribed in animal and human health and are listed in the Appendix of the FDA-CVM Guidance for Industry (GFI) 152. Our products that contain virginiamycin, oxytetracycline or neomycin have previously beenare classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials. ThisIn addition to the United States, the World Health Organization (WHO), the E.U., Australia and Canada have promulgated rating lists for antimicrobials that are used in veterinary medicine and that include certain of our products. The classification of our products as MIAs or similar listings may lead to a decline in the demand for and production of food products derived from animals that utilize our products and, in turn, demand for our products. Livestock producers may experience decreased demand for their products or reputational harm as a result of evolving consumer views of nutrition and health-related concerns, animal rights and other concerns. Any reputational harm to the livestock industry may also extend to companies in related industries, including us. In addition, campaigns by interest groups, activists and others with respect to perceived risks associated with the use of our products in animals, including position statements by livestock producers and their customers based on non-use of certain medicated products in livestock production, whether or not scientifically-supported, could affect public perceptions and reduce the use of our products. Those adverse consumer views related to the use of one or more of our products in animals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our sales in the United States of products that have been classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials were approximately $23 million and $37 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Restrictions on the use of antibacterials in food-producing animals may become more prevalent.
The issue of the potential transfer of antibacterial resistance from bacteria from food-producing animals to human bacterial pathogens, and the causality and impact of that transfer, are the subject of global scientific and regulatory discussion. Antibacterials refer to molecules that can be used to treat or prevent bacterial infections and are a sub-categorization of the products that make up our medicated feed additives portfolios. In some countries, this issue has led to government restrictions on the use of specific antibacterials in some food-producing animals, regardless of the route of administration (in feed, water, intramammary,intra-mammary, topical, injectable or other route of administration).administration.) These restrictions include prohibitions on use of antibacterials for non-therapeutic uses, preventative use, duration of use and requiring veterinary oversight to use products. These restrictions are more prevalent in countries where animal protein is plentiful and governments are willing to take action even when there is scientific uncertainty.
Effective January 1, 2017, we voluntarily removed non-therapeutic claims from several of our antibacterial products sold in the United States, in order to align with the FDA’s GFI 209 and GFI 213. The FDA objective, as described in GFI 209 and GFI 213, was to eliminate the production (non-therapeutic) uses of medically important antimicrobials administered in feed or water to food producing animals while providing for the continued use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals for treatment, control and prevention of disease (“therapeutic” use) under the supervision of a veterinarian. The FDA indicated that it took this action to help preserve the efficacy of medically important antimicrobials to treat infections in humans. In the United States, the antibacterial products within our poultry business, the largest portion of our MFAs and other business in this region, as well as our cattle business, have approved therapeutic indications. We believe, based on current producer usage patterns, that the large majority of use of our products that have been classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials is at therapeutic dosage levels.
Our Mecadox (carbadox) product has been approved for use in food animals in the United States for over 40 years. Certain regulatory bodies have raised concerns about the possible presence of certain residues of our carbadox product in meat from animals that consume the product. The product was banned
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for use in the European Union in 1998 and has been banned in several other countries outside the United States. In July 2014, the Codex adopted risk management advice language for a number of compounds including carbadox. The advice language states “authorities should prevent residues of carbadox in food. This can be accomplished by not using carbadox in food producing animals.” The advice language is to provide advice only and is not binding on individual national authorities, and almost all national authorities already have long-established regulatory standards for carbadox. The advice language may be considered by national authorities in making future risk management determinations. To the extent additional national authorities elect to follow the risk management advice and prohibit the use of carbadox in food-producing animals, those decisions could have an adverse effect on our sales of carbadox in those countries or in countries like the United States that produce meat for export to those countries.
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In April 2016, the FDA began initial steps to withdraw approval of Mecadox (carbadox), due to concerns that certain residues from the product may persist in tissues for longer than previously determined. ThisIn July 2016, we submitted our data, analyses and information to the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. In March 2018, the FDA indefinitely stayed the withdrawal proceedings; however, we continue to submit data to the FDA and respond to their questions. There is no timeline for the conclusion of this matter. The initial action by the FDA does not prohibit the sale or use of Mecadox in the United States. We have complete confidence in the safety of Mecadox. Mecadox has been approved and sold in the United States for more than 40 years and is a widely used treatment for controlling bacterial diseases including Salmonella and swine dysentery. Mecadox is not used in human medicine and the class of drug is not considered a medically important antimicrobial. The approved Mecadox label requires a 42-day withdrawal period pre-harvesting, and to date we have not seen any hazardous residues of carbadox being detected from pig meat treated in accordance with the approved label. We have complete confidence in the safety of Mecadox. In response to FDA inquiries several years ago, we began rigorous new studies of the continued safety of the product when used in accordance with the label. Key studies were completed in July 2016, and we submitted our data, analyses and information to the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. The timing of the FDA’s response to our submission is not subject to a predetermined deadline. Our sales of Mecadox in the United States were approximately $15 million for each of the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Should we be unable to successfully defend the safety of the product, the loss of Mecadox sales would have a negative impact to the results of our operations.
In 2008, the FDA announced that the agency required formal review of all additives used in the production of ethanol, including our Lactrol product (formulated virginiamycin), where the co-products may be used for animal feed. Virginiamycin has been certified by an independent expert panel convened by us as “generally recognized as safe” (“GRAS”) for use as a processing aid in ethanol production and as related to the use of the resulting distiller’s co-products for animal feed. We believe that this certification satisfies the FDA requirement. However, there can be no assurance we will be successful in maintaining market access for our Lactrol product or other ethanol production additives that we sell.
Our global sales of antibacterials, anticoccidials and other related products were approximately$350 million, $337 million and $321 million for the yearyears ended June 30, 2017.2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We cannot predict whether concerns regarding the use of antibacterials will result in additional restrictions, expanded regulations or public pressureconsumer preferences to discontinue or reduce use of antibacterials in food-producing animals, which could materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
A material portion of our sales are generated by antibacterials and other related products.
Our medicated products business is comprised of a relatively small number of compounds and accounted for 42% and 45%41% of net sales for the years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. The significant loss of antibacterial or other related product sales for any reason, including product bans or restrictions, public perception, competition or any of the other risks related to such products as described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We face competition in each of our markets from a number of large and small companies, some of which have greater financial, R&D, production and other resources than we have.
Many of our products face competition from alternative or substitute products. We are engaged in highly competitive industries and, with respect to all of our major products, face competition from a substantial number of global and regional competitors. We believe many of our competitors are conducting R&D activities in areas served by our products and in areas in which we are developing products. Some competitors have greater financial, R&D, production and other resources than we have. Some of our
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principal competitors include Bayer AG, Ceva Santé Animale, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company (ElancoElanco Animal Health),Health, Huvepharma Inc., Lallemand Inc., Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Animal Health and MSD Animal Health), Pharmgate LLC, Southeastern Minerals, Inc., Virbac and Zoetis Inc. To the extent these companies or new entrants offer comparable animal health, mineral nutrition or performance products at lower prices, our business could be adversely affected. New entrants could substantially reduce our market share or render our products obsolete. Furthermore, many of our competitors have relationships with key distributors and, because of their size, have the ability to offer attractive pricing incentives, which may negatively impact or hinder our relationships with these distributors.
In certain countries, because of our size and product mix, we may not be able to capitalize on changes in competition and pricing as fully as our competitors. In recent years, there have been new generic medicated products introduced to the livestock industry, particularly in the United States.
There continueshas been and likely will continue to be consolidation in the animal health market, which could strengthen our competitors. Our competitors can be expected to continue to improve the formulation and performance of their products and to introduce new products with competitive price and performance characteristics. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources to maintain our current competitive position or market share. We also face competitive pressures arising from, among other things, more favorable safety and efficacy product profiles, limited demand growth or a significant number of additional competitive products being introduced into a particular market, price reductions by competitors, the ability of competitors to capitalize on their economies of scale and the ability of competitors to produce
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or otherwise procure animal health products at lower costs than us. To the extent that any of our competitors are more successful with respect to any key competitive factor, or we are forced to reduce, or are unable to raise, the price of any of our products in order to remain competitive, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Outbreaks of animal diseases could significantly reduce demand for our products.
Sales of our food animal products could be materially adversely affected by the outbreak of disease carried by food animals, which could lead to the widespread death or precautionary destruction of food animals as well as the reduced consumption and demand for animal protein. The demand for our products could be significantly affected by outbreaks of animal diseases, and such occurrences may have a material adverse impact on the sale of our products and our financial condition and results of operations. The outbreaks of disease are beyond our control and could significantly affect demand for our products and consumer perceptions of certain meat products. An outbreak of disease could result in governmental restrictions on the import and export of chicken, pork, beef or other products to or from our customers. This could also create adverse publicity that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to sell our products successfully and on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, outbreaks of disease carried by animals may reduce regional or global sales of particular animal-derived food products or result in reduced exports of such products, either due to heightened export restrictions or import prohibitions, which may reduce demand for our products due to reduced herd or flock sizes.
ThereMost recently, outbreaks of African Swine Fever, primarily in China, have reduced animal populations and have reduced consumer demand for pork in the affected markets. In the past decade, there has been substantial publicity regarding H1N1, known as North American (or Swine) Influenza and, previously, H5N1, known as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, in the human population. There have also been concerns relating to E. coli in beef and Salmonella in poultry and other food poisoning micro-organisms in meats and other foods. Consumers may associate human health fears with animal diseases, food, food production or food animals whether or not it is scientifically valid, which may have an adverse impact on the demand for animal protein. Occurrences of this type could significantly affect demand for animal protein, which in turn could affect the demand for our products in a manner that has a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Also, the outbreak of any highly contagious disease near our main production sites could require us to immediately halt production of our products at such sites or force us to incur substantial expenses in procuring raw materials or products elsewhere.
Outbreaks of an exotic or highly contagious disease in a country where we produce our products (particularly vaccines produced at our Israeli facility) may result in other countries halting importation of our products for fear that our product may be contaminated with the exotic organism.
Our business may be negatively affected by weather conditions and the availability of natural resources.
The animal health industry and demand for many of our animal health products in a particular region are affected by changing disease pressures and by weather conditions, as usage of our products follows varying weather patterns and weather-related pressures from diseases. As a result, we may experience regional and seasonal fluctuations in our results of operations.
In addition, livestock producers depend on the availability of natural resources, including abundant rainfall to sustain large supplies of drinking water, grasslands and grain production. Their animals’ health and their ability to operate could be adversely affected if they experience a shortage of fresh water due to human population growth or floods, droughts or other weather conditions. In the event of adverse weather conditions or a shortage of fresh water, livestock producers may purchase less of our products.
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Our operations could be subject to the effects of climate change.
Our operations and customers may be subject to potential physical impacts of climate change, including changes in weather patterns and the potential for extreme weather events, which could affect the manufacture and distribution of our products, agricultural yields and the demand for our products and result in additional regulation that increase our operating costs.
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The testing, manufacturing, and marketing of certain of our products are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and other countries, including, but not limited to, the FDA.
Among other requirements, FDA approval of antibacterials and other medicated products, including the manufacturing processes and facilities used to produce such products, is required before such products may be marketed in the United States. Further, cross-clearance approvals are generally required for such products to be used in combination in animal feed. Similarly, marketing approval by a foreign governmental authority is typically required before such products may be marketed in a particular foreign country. In addition to approval of the product and its labeling, regulatory authorities typically require approval and periodic inspection of the manufacturing facilities. In order to obtain FDA approval of a new animal health product, we must, among other things, demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA that the product is safe and effective for its intended uses and that we are capable of manufacturing the product with procedures that conform to FDA’s current cGMP regulations, which must be followed at all times.
In February 2015, the FDA conducted an inspection at our Teaneck, NJ headquarters to verify changes to and corrective actions related to various analytical test results and practices, expiration dating and reporting requirements regarding specification non-conformance. A Form 483 was issued, which contained one inspectional observation citing two examples of the observed violation. The observation questioned whether or not we are able to confirm that the drug components (of Type A medicated products) remain uniformly dispersed and stable under ordinary conditions of shipment, storage and use. We responded to the inspectional observation in writing in March 2015. This inspectional observation has not impacted our ability to market products in the United States or any other country. We believe the Form 483 observation has been satisfactorily addressed, however, we have not yet received a formal response from the FDA to our written response.
In March 2016,May 2018, the FDA conducted a cGMProutine audit of our manufacturing facility at Guarulhos, Brazil. TheBrazil and did not issue any inspectional observations. Accordingly, this site is considered to be in conformance with U.S. cGMP standards. In March 2016, the FDA also conducted a cGMP audit of this facility and issued six inspectional observations (Form 483) pertaining. Audits related to six observations made during the inspection. We responded to the inspectional observations in May 2016 and have committed to provide additional data when available. It is likely the FDA will require a follow up site inspection to review the actions we have taken. Such an inspection, if needed, could occur at any time, or may be incorporated with a routine cGMP audit. The timing of such audit is determinedstandards are typically carried out by the FDA but is typically at approximatelyon a two year intervals. While we have taken actionscycle. Although it is our objective to address ourremain in full conformance with U.S. cGMP program and are working to implement the FDA’s remaining recommendations,standards, there can be no assurance that the FDAfuture inspections will concur.not raise adverse inspectional observation. Failure to comply with cGMP standards could have a material impact on our business and financial results.
The process of seeking FDA approvals can be costly, time consuming, and subject to unanticipated and significant delays. There can be no assurance that such approvals will be granted to us on a timely basis, or at all. Any delay in obtaining or any failure to obtain FDA or foreign government approvals or the suspension or revocation of such approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce and market medicated feed additive products and to generate product revenue. For more information on FDA and foreign government approvals and cGMP issues, see “Business—Regulatory.”
We may experience declines in the sales volume and prices of our products as the result of the continuing trend toward consolidation of certain customer and distributor groups as well as the emergence of large buying groups.
We make a majority of our sales to integrated poultry, swine and cattle operations and to a number of regional and national feed companies, distributors, co-ops and blenders. Food animal producers, particularly, swine and poultry producers, and our distributors have seen recent consolidation in their industries. Significant consolidation of our customers and distributors may result in these groups gaining additional purchasing leverage and consequently increasing the product pricing pressures facing our business. Additionally, the emergence of large buying groups potentially could enable such groups to attempt to extract price discounts on our
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products. Moreover, if, as a result of increased leverage, customer pressurescustomers require us to reduce our pricing such that our gross margins are diminished, we could decide not to sell our products to a particular customer, which could result in a decrease in our revenues. Consolidation among our customer base may also lead to reduced demand for our products and replacement of our products by the combined entity with those of our competitors. The result of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our business is subject to risk based on customer exposure to rising costs and reduced customer income.
Livestock producers may experience increased feed, fuel, transportation and other key costs or may experience decreased animal protein prices or sales. International trade disputes and tariffs could reduce demand for our customers’ products. Either of these trends could cause deterioration in the financial condition of our livestock producer customers, potentially inhibiting their ability to purchase our products or pay us for products delivered. Our livestock producer customers may offset rising costs by reducing spending on our products, including by switching to lower-cost alternatives to our products.
Generic products may be viewed as more cost-effective than certain of our products.
We face competition from products produced by other companies, including generic alternatives to certain of our products. We depend primarily on trade secrets to provide us with competitive advantages for many of our products. The protection afforded is limited by the availability of new competitive products or generic versions of existing products that can successfully compete with our products. As a result, we may face competition from new competitive products or lower-priced generic alternatives to many of our products. Generic competitors are becoming more aggressive in terms of pricing, and generic products are an increasing percentage of overall animal health sales in certain regions. If animal health customers increase their use of new or existing generic products, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Advances in veterinary medical practices and animal health technologies could negatively affect the market for our products.
The market for our products could be impacted negatively by the introduction and/or broad market acceptance of newly developed or alternative products that address the diseases and conditions for which we sell products, including “green” or “holistic” health products or specially bred disease-resistant animals. In addition, technological breakthroughs by others may obviate our technology and reduce or eliminate the market for our products. Introduction or acceptance of such products or technologies could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The misuse or extra-label use of our products may harm our reputation or result in financial or other damages.
Our products have been approved for use under specific circumstances for, among other things, the prevention, control and/or treatment of certain diseases and conditions in specific species, in some cases subject to certain dosage levels or minimum withdrawal periods prior to the slaughter date. There may be increased risk of product liability if livestock producers or others attempt any extra-label use of our products, including the use of our products in species for which they have not been approved, or at dosage levels or periods prior to withdrawal that have not been approved. If we are deemed by a governmental or regulatory agency to have engaged in the promotion of any of our products for extra-label use, such agency could request that we modify our training or promotional materials and practices and we could be subject to significant fines and penalties. The imposition of these sanctions could also affect our reputation and position within the industry. Even if we were not responsible for having promoted the extra-label use, concerns could arise about the safety of the resulting meat in the human food supply. Any of these events could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The public perception of the safety and efficacy of certain of our animal health products may harm our reputation.
The public perception of the safety and efficacy of certain of our animal health products, whether or not these concerns are scientifically or clinically supported, may lead to product recalls, withdrawals, suspensions or declining sales as well as product liability and other claims.
Regulatory actions based on these types of safety, quality or efficacy concerns could impact all, or a significant portion of a product’s sales and could, depending on the circumstances, materially adversely affect our results of operations.
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In addition, we depend on positive perceptions of the safety and quality of our products, and animal health products generally, by our customers, veterinarians and end-users, and such concerns may harm our reputation. In some countries, these perceptions may be exacerbated by the existence of
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counterfeit versions of our products, which, depending on the legal and law enforcement recourse available in the jurisdiction where the counterfeiting occurs, may be difficult to police or stop. These concerns and the related harm to our reputation could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, regardless of whether such reports are accurate.
We are dependent on suppliers having current regulatory approvals, and the failure of those suppliers to maintain these approvals or other challenges in replacing any of those suppliers could affect our supply of materials or affect the distribution or sale of our products.
Suppliers and third party contract manufacturers for our animal health and mineral nutrition products or the active pharmaceutical ingredients or other materials we use in our products, like us, are subject to extensive regulatory compliance. If any one of these third parties discontinues its supply to us because of changes in the regulatory environment to which such third parties are subject, significant regulatory violations or for any other reason, or an adverse event occurs at one of their facilities, the interruption in the supply of these materials could decrease sales of our affected products. In this event, we may seek to enter into agreements with third parties to purchase active ingredients, raw materials or products or to lease or purchase new manufacturing facilities. We may be unable to find a third party willing or able to provide the necessary products or facilities suitable for manufacturing pharmaceuticals on terms acceptable to us or the cost of those pharmaceuticals may be prohibitive. If we have to obtain substitute materials or products, additional regulatory approvals will likely be required, as approvals are typically specific to a single product produced by a specified manufacturer in a specified facility and there can be no assurances that such regulatory approvals will be obtained. As such, the use of new facilities also requires regulatory approvals. While we take measures where economically feasible and available to secure back-up suppliers, the continued receipt of active ingredients or products from a sole source supplier could create challenges if a sole source was interrupted. We may not be able to provide adequate and timely product to eliminate any threat of interruption of supply of our products to customers and these problems may materially adversely impact our business.
The raw materials used by us and our third party contract manufacturers in the manufacture of our products can be subject to price fluctuations and their availability can be limited.
While the selling prices of our products tend to increase or decrease over time with the cost of raw materials, such changes may not occur simultaneously or to the same degree. The costs of certain of our significant raw materials are subject to considerable volatility, and we generally do not engage in activities to hedge the costs of our raw materials and our third party contract manufacturers may demand price increases related to increases in the costs of raw materials. Although no single raw material accounted for more than 6%5% of our cost of goods sold for the year ended June 30, 2017,2019, volatility in raw material costs can result in significant fluctuations in our costs of goods sold of the affected products. The costs of raw materials used by our Mineral Nutrition business are particularly subject to fluctuations in global commodities markets and cost changes in the underlying commodities markets typically lead directly to a corresponding change in our revenues. Although we attempt to adjust the prices of our products to reflect significant changes in raw material costs, we may not be able to pass any increases in raw material costs through to our customers in the form of price increases. Significant increases in the costs of raw materials, if not offset by product price increases, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The supply of certain of our raw materials is dependent on third party suppliers. There is no guarantee that supply shortages of such raw materials will not occur. In addition, if any one of these third parties discontinues its supply to us, or an adverse event occurs at one of their facilities, the interruption in the supply of these materials could decrease sales of our affected products. In the event that we cannot procure necessary major raw materials from other suppliers, the occurrence of any of these may have an adverse impact on our business.
Our revenues are dependent on the continued operation of our various manufacturing facilities.
Although presently all our manufacturing facilities are considered to be in good condition, the operation of our manufacturing facilities involves many risks which could cause product interruptions, including the breakdown, failure or substandard performance of equipment, construction delays, mislabeling, shortages of materials, labor problems, power outages, the improper installation or operation
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outages, the improper installation or operation of equipment, natural disasters, terrorist activities, the outbreak of any highly contagious diseases near our production sites and the need to comply with environmental and other directives of governmental agencies. In addition, regulatory authorities such as the FDA typically require approval and periodic inspection of the manufacturing facilities to confirm compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, and those requirements may be enforced by various means, including seizures and injunctions. Certain of our product lines are manufactured at a single facility, and certain of our product lines are manufactured at a single facility with limited capacity at a second facility, and production would not be easily transferable to another site. The occurrence of material operational problems, including but not limited to the above events, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our manufacturing network may be unable to meet the demand for our products or we may have excess capacity if demand for our products changes. The unpredictability of a product’s regulatory or commercial success or failure, the lead time necessary to construct highly technical and complex manufacturing sites, and shifting customer demand (including as a result of market conditions or entry of branded or generic competition) increase the potential for capacity imbalances. In addition, construction of manufacturing sites is expensive, and our ability to recover costs will depend on the market acceptance and success of the products produced at the new sites, which is uncertain.
We could be subject to changes in our tax rates, the adoption of new U.S. or foreign tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities.
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Changes in the relevant tax laws, regulations and interpretations could adversely affect our future effective tax rates. Modifications to key elements of the U.S. or international tax framework could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Our consolidated effective tax rate is subject to potential risks that various taxing authorities may challenge the pricing of our cross-border arrangements and subject us to additional tax, adversely affecting our expected consolidated effective tax rate and our tax liability. If our effective tax rates were to increase, particularly in the U.S. or other material foreign jurisdictions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, our tax returns and other tax filings and positions are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and other tax authorities and governmental bodies. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations or the effects on our consolidated financial statements.
A significant portion of our operations are conducted in foreign jurisdictions and are subject to the economic, political, legal and business environments of the countries in which we do business.
Our international operations could be limited or disrupted by any of the following:

volatility in the international financial markets;

compliance with governmental controls;

difficulties enforcing contractual and intellectual property rights;

compliance with a wide variety of laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar non-U.S. laws and regulations;

compliance with foreign labor laws;

compliance with Environmental Laws;

burdens to comply with multiple and potentially conflicting foreign laws and regulations, including those relating to environmental, health and safety requirements;

changes in laws, regulations, government controls or enforcement practices with respect to our business and the businesses of our customers;

political and social instability, including crime, civil disturbance, terrorist activities and armed conflicts;
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trade restrictions, export controls and sanctions laws and restrictions on direct investments by foreign entities, including restrictions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury;

government limitations on foreign ownership;

government takeover or nationalization of business;

changes in tax laws and tariffs;

imposition of anti-dumping and countervailing duties or other trade-related sanctions;

costs and difficulties and compliance risks in staffing, managing and monitoring international operations;

corruption risk inherent in business arrangements and regulatory contacts with foreign government entities;

longer payment cycles and increased exposure to counterparty risk.risk; and

additional limitations on transferring personal information between countries or other restrictions on the processing of personal information.
The multinational nature of our business subjects us to potential risks that various taxing authorities may challenge the pricing of our cross-border arrangements and subject us to additional tax, adversely impacting our effective tax rate and our tax liability.
In addition, international transactions may involve increased financial and legal risks due to differing legal systems and customs. Compliance with these requirements may prohibit the import or export of certain products and technologies or may require us to obtain a license before importing or exporting certain products or technology. A failure to comply with any of these laws, regulations or requirements could result in civil or criminal legal proceedings, monetary or non-monetary penalties, or both, disruptions to our business, limitations on our ability to import and export products and services, and damage to our reputation. In addition, variations in the pricing of our products in different jurisdictions may result in the unauthorized importation of our products between jurisdictions. While the impact of these factors is difficult to predict, any of them could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of
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operations. Changes in any of these laws, regulations or requirements, or the political environment in a particular country, may affect our ability to engage in business transactions in certain markets, including investment, procurement and repatriation of earnings.
We are subject to product registration and authorization regulations in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate and/or distribute our products, including the United States and member states of the European Union.
We are subject to regulations related to testing, manufacturing, labeling, registration, and safety analysis in order to lawfully distribute many of our products, including for example, in the United States, the federal Toxic Substances Control Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and in the European Union, the Regulation on REACH. We are also subject to similar requirements in many of the other jurisdictions in which we operate and/or distribute our products. In some cases, such registrations are subject to periodic review by relevant authorities. Such regulations may lead to governmental restrictions or cancellations of, or refusal to issue, certain registrations or authorizations, or cause us or our customers to make product substitutions in the future. Such regulations may also lead to increased third party scrutiny and personal injury or product liability claims. Compliance with these regulations can be difficult, costly and time consuming and liabilities or costs relating to such regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have significant assets located outside the United States and a significant portion of our sales and earnings is attributable to operations conducted abroad.
As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had manufacturing and direct sales operations in 1420 countries and sold our products in over 6575 countries. Our operations outside the United States accounted for 52%59% and 48%56% of our consolidated assets as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively, and 37%42% and 37%40% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Our foreign operations are subject to
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currency exchange fluctuations and restrictions, political instability in some countries, and uncertainty of, and governmental control over, commercial rights.
Changes in the relative values of currencies take place from time to time and could in the future adversely affect our results of operations as well as our ability to meet interest and principal obligations on our indebtedness. To the extent that the U.S. dollar fluctuates relative to the applicable foreign currency, our results are favorably or unfavorably affected. We may from time to time manage this exposure by entering into foreign currency contracts. Such contracts generally are entered into with respect to anticipated costs denominated in foreign currencies for which timing of the payment can be reasonably estimated. No assurances can be given that such hedging activities will not result in, or will be successful in preventing, losses that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. There are times when we do not hedge against foreign currency fluctuations and therefore are subject to the risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
In addition, international manufacturing, sales and raw materials sourcing are subject to other inherent risks, including possible nationalization or expropriation, labor unrest, political instability, price and exchange controls, limitation on foreign participation in local enterprises, health-care regulation, export duties and quotas, domestic and international customs and tariffs, compliance with export controls and sanctions laws, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other laws and regulations governing international trade, unexpected changes in regulatory environments, difficulty in obtaining distribution and support, and potentially adverse tax consequences. Although such risks have not had a material adverse effect on us in the past, these factors could have a material adverse impact on our ability to increase or maintain our international sales or on our results of operations in the future.
We have manufacturing facilities located in Israel and a portion of our net sales and earnings is attributable to products produced and operations conducted in Israel.
Our Israeli manufacturing facilities and local operations accounted for 25%28% and 22%27% of our consolidated assets, as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively, and 22%20% and 20%21% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016.2018. We maintain manufacturing facilities in Israel, which manufacture:
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nicarbazinanticoccidials and amprolium anticoccidials,antimicrobials, most of which are exported;

vaccines, a substantial portion of which are exported; and

animal health pharmaceuticals, nutritional specialty products and trace minerals for the domestic animal industry.
A substantial portion of this production is exported from Israel to major world markets. Accordingly, our Israeli operations are dependent on foreign markets and the ability to reach those markets. Hostilities between Israel and its neighbors may hinder Israel’s international trade. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain countries, companies and organizations continue to participate in a boycott of Israeli firms and other companies doing business in Israel or with Israeli companies. We do not believe that the boycott has had a material adverse effect on us, but we cannot provide assurance that restrictive laws, policies or practices directed toward Israel or Israeli businesses will not have an adverse impact on our operations or expansion of our business. Our business, financial condition and results of operations in Israel may be adversely affected by factors outside of our control, such as currency fluctuations, energy shortages and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Israel.
We have manufacturing facilities located in Brazil and a portion of our sales and earnings is attributable to products produced and operations conducted in Brazil.
Our Brazilian manufacturing facilities and local operations accounted for 14% and 16%13% of our consolidated assets, as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016, respectively,2018, and 18%22% and 21%20% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. We maintain manufacturing facilities in Brazil, which manufacture virginiamycin, semduramicin and nicarbazin. Our Brazilian facilities also produce Stafac,
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Aviax, Aviax Plus, Coxistac, Nicarb and Terramycin granular formulations. A substantial portion of the production is exported from Brazil to major world markets. Accordingly, our Brazilian operations are dependent on foreign markets and the ability to reach those markets.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations in Brazil may be adversely affected by factors outside of our control, such as currency fluctuations, energy shortages and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Brazil.
Certain of our employees are covered by collective bargaining or other labor agreements.
As of June 30, 2017,2019, approximately 224250 of our Israeli employees and 405415 of our Brazilian employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe we have satisfactory relations with our employees. There can be no assurance that we will not experience a work stoppage or strike at our manufacturing facilities. A prolonged work stoppage or strike at any of our manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The loss of key personnel may disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
Our operations and future success are dependent on the continued efforts of our senior executive officers and other key personnel. Although we have entered into employment agreements with certain executives, we may not be able to retain all of our senior executive officers and key employees. These senior executive officers and other key employees may be hired by our competitors, some of which have considerably more financial resources than we do. The loss of the services of any of our senior executive officers or other key personnel, or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our R&D relies on evaluations in animals, which may become subject to bans or additional regulations.
As a company that produces animal health medicines and vaccines, evaluation of our existing and new products in animals is required in order to be able to register our products. Animal testing in certain industries has been the subject of controversy and adverse publicity. Some organizations and individuals have attempted to ban animal testing or encourage the adoption of additional regulations applicable to
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animal testing. To the extent that the activities of such organizations and individuals are successful, our R&D, and by extension our financial condition and results of operations, could be materially adversely affected. In addition, negative publicity about us or our industry could harm our reputation.
Our operations, properties and subsidiaries are subject to a wide variety of complex and stringent federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations.
We are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing pollution; protection of the environment; the use, management and release of hazardous materials, substances and wastes; air emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; water use, supply, and discharges; the investigation and remediation of contamination; the manufacture, distribution and sale of regulated materials, including pesticides; the importing, exporting and transportation of products; and the health and safety of our employees and the public (collectively, “Environmental Laws”). See “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.”
Pursuant to Environmental Laws, certain of our subsidiaries are required to obtain and maintain numerous governmental permits, licenses, registrations, authorizations and approvals, including “RCRA Part B” hazardous waste permits, to conduct various aspects of their operations (collectively “Environmental Permits”), any of which may be subject to suspension, revocation, modification, termination or denial under certain circumstances or which may not be renewed upon their expiration for various reasons, including noncompliance. See “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.” These Environmental Permits can be difficult, costly and time consuming to obtain and may contain conditions that limit our operations. Additionally, any failure to obtain and maintain such Environmental Permits could restrict or otherwise prohibit certain aspects of our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We have expended, and may be required to expend in the future, substantial funds for compliance with Environmental Laws. As recyclers of hazardous metal-containing chemical wastes, certain of our subsidiaries have been, and are likely to be, the focus of extensive compliance reviews by environmental regulatory authorities under Environmental Laws, including those relating to the generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes under the RCRA. In the past, some of our subsidiaries have paid fines and entered into consent orders to address alleged environmental violations. See “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.” We cannot assure you that our operations or activities or those of certain of our subsidiaries, including with respect to compliance with Environmental Laws, will not result in civil or criminal enforcement actions or private actions, regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial measures or costs, revocation of required Environmental Permits, or fines, penalties or damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we cannot predict the extent to which Environmental Laws, and the interpretation or enforcement thereof, may change or become more stringent in the future, each of which may affect the market for our products or give rise to additional capital expenditures, compliance costs or liabilities that could be material.
Our operations or products may impact the environment or cause or contribute to contamination or exposure to hazardous substances.
Given the nature of our current and former operations, particularly at our chemical manufacturing sites, we have incurred, are currently incurring and may in the future incur liabilities under CERCLA, or under other federal, state, local and foreign Environmental Laws related to releases of or contamination by hazardous substances, with respect to our current or former sites, adjacent or nearby third-party sites, or offsite disposal locations. See “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.” Certain Environmental Laws, including CERCLA, can impose strict, joint, several, and retroactive liability for the cost of investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites on owners and operators of such sites, as well as on persons who dispose of or arrange for disposal of hazardous substances at such sites. Accordingly, we could incur liability, whether as a result of government enforcement or private claims, for known or unknown liabilities at, or caused by migration from or hazardous waste transported from, any of our current or
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former facilities or properties, including those owned or operated by predecessors or third parties. See “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.” Such liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The nature of our current and former operations also exposes us to the risk of claims under Environmental Laws. We could be subject to claims by environmental regulatory authorities, individuals and other third parties seeking damages for alleged personal injury, property damage, and damages to natural resources resulting from hazardous substance contamination or human exposure caused by our operations, facilities or products, and there can be no assurance that material costs and liabilities will not be incurred in connection with any such claims. Our insurance may not be sufficient to cover any of these exposure,exposures, product, injury or damage claims.
Furthermore, regulatory agencies are showing increasing concern over the impact of animal health products and livestock operations on the environment. This increased regulatory scrutiny may necessitate that additional time and resources be spent to address these concerns for both new and existing products and could affect product sales and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We cannot assure you that our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances will not materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have been and may continue to be subject to claims of injury from direct exposure to certain of our products that constitute or contain hazardous substances and from indirect exposure when such substances are incorporated into other companies’ products.
Because certain of our products constitute or contain hazardous substances, and because the production of certain chemicals involves the use, handling, processing, storage and transportation of hazardous substances, from time to time we are subject to claims of injury from direct exposure to such
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substances and from indirect exposure when such substances are incorporated into other companies’ products. There can be no assurance that as a result of past or future operations, there will not be additional claims of injury by employees or members of the public due to exposure, or alleged exposure, to such substances. We are also party to a number of claims and lawsuits arising out of the normal course of business, including product liability claims and allegations of violations of governmental regulations, and face present and future claims with respect to workplace exposure, workers’ compensation and other matters. In most cases, such claims are covered by insurance and, where applicable, workers’ compensation insurance, subject to policy limits and exclusions; however, our insurance coverage, to the extent available, may not be adequate to protect us from all liabilities that we might incur in connection with the manufacture, sale and use of our products. Insurance is expensive and in the future may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. A successful claim or series of claims brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any claims, even if not ultimately successful, could adversely affect the marketplace’s acceptance of our products.
We are subject to risks from litigation that may materially impact our operations.
We face an inherent business risk of exposure to various types of claims and lawsuits. We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of every pending claim or lawsuit or the range of probable loss, we believe these pending lawsuits and claims will not individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. However, we could, in the future, be subject to various lawsuits, including intellectual property, product liability, personal injury, product warranty, environmental or antitrust claims, among others, and incur judgments or enter into settlements of lawsuits and claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any particular period.
We are subject to risks that may not be covered by our insurance policies.
In addition to pollution and other environmental risks, we are subject to risks inherent in the animal health, mineral nutrition and performance products industries, such as explosions, fires, spills or
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releases. Any significant interruption of operations at our principal facilities could have a material adverse effect on us. We maintain general liability insurance, pollution legal liability insurance, and property and business interruption insurance with coverage limits that we believe are adequate. Because of the nature of industry hazards, it is possible that liabilities for pollution and other damages arising from a major occurrence may not be covered by our insurance policies or could exceed insurance coverages or policy limits or that such insurance may not be available at reasonable rates in the future. Any such liabilities, which could arise due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage or suspension of operations, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Adverse U.S. and international economic and market conditions may adversely affect our product sales and business.
Current U.S. and international economic and market conditions are uncertain. Our revenues and operating results may be affected by uncertain or changing economic and market conditions, including the challenges faced in the credit markets and financial services industry. If domestic and global economic and market conditions remain uncertain or persist or deteriorate further, we may experience material impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse economic conditions impacting our customers, including, among others, increased taxation, higher unemployment, lower customer confidence in the economy, higher customer debt levels, lower availability of customer credit, higher interest rates and hardships relating to declines in the stock markets, could cause purchases of meat products to decline, resulting in a decrease in purchases of our products, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation. Adverse economic and market conditions could also negatively impact our business by negatively affecting the parties with whom we do business, including among others, our customers, our manufacturers and our suppliers.
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We may not be able to realize the expected benefits of our investments in emerging markets.
We have been taking steps to take advantage of the rise in global demand for animal protein in emerging markets, including by expanding our manufacturing presence, sales, marketing and distribution in these markets. Failure to continue to maintain and expand our business in emerging markets could also materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Some countries within emerging markets may be especially vulnerable to periods of local, regional or global economic, political or social instability or crisis. For example, our sales in certain emerging markets have suffered from extended periods of disruption due to natural disasters. Furthermore, we have also experienced lower than expected sales in certain emerging markets due to local, regional and global restrictions on banking and commercial activities in those countries. For all these and other reasons, sales within emerging markets carry significant risks.
Modification of foreign trade policy may harm our food animal product customers.
Changes in laws, agreements and policies governing foreign trade in the territories and countries where our customers do business could negatively impact such customers’ businesses and adversely affect our results of operations. A number of our customers, particularly U.S.-based food animal producers, benefit from free trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). The U.S., Canada and Mexico reached an agreement to replace NAFTA with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). The USMCA must be ratified by each country’s legislature. Most provisions of the USMCA will not begin until 2020. These new provisions, as well as any other changes to international trade agreements or policies could harm our customers, and as a result, negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, in response to new U.S. tariffs affecting foreign imports, some foreign governments, including China, have instituted or are considering instituting tariffs on certain U.S. goods. While the scope and duration of these and any future tariffs remain uncertain, tariffs imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments on our customers’ products, or on our products or the active pharmaceutical ingredients or other components thereof, could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to expand through acquisitions or integrate successfully the products, services and personnel of acquired businesses.
From time to time, we may make selective acquisitions to expand our range of products and services and to expand the geographic scope of our business. However, we may be unable to identify suitable targets, and competition for acquisitions may make it difficult for us to consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms or at all. We may not be able to locate any complementary products that meet our requirements or that are available to us on acceptable terms or we may not have sufficient capital resources to consummate a proposed acquisition. In addition, assuming we identify suitable products or partners, the process of effectively entering into these arrangements involves risks that our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns. Further, if we succeed in identifying and consummating appropriate acquisitions on acceptable terms, we may not be able to integrate successfully the products, services and personnel of any acquired businesses on a basis consistent with our current business practice. In particular, we may face greater than expected costs, time and effort involved in completing and integrating acquisitions and potential disruption of our ongoing business. Furthermore, we may realize fewer, if any, synergies than envisaged. Our ability to manage acquired businesses may also be limited if we enter into joint ventures or do not acquire full ownership or a controlling stake in the acquired business. In
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addition, continued growth through acquisitions may significantly strain our existing management and operational resources. As a result, we may need to recruit additional personnel, particularly at the level below senior management, and we may not be able to recruit qualified management and other key personnel to manage our growth. Moreover, certain transactions could adversely impact earnings as we incur development and other expenses related to the transactions and we could incur debt to complete these transactions. Debt instruments could contain contractual commitments and covenants that could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We may not successfully implement our business strategies or achieve expected gross margin improvements.
We are pursuing and may continue to pursue strategic initiatives that management considers critical to our long-term success, including, but not limited to, increasing sales in emerging markets, base revenue growth through new product development and value added product lifecycle development; improving operational efficiency through manufacturing efficiency improvement and other programs; and expanding our complementary products and services. There are significant risks involved with the execution of these types of initiatives, including significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Accordingly, we cannot predict whether we will succeed in implementing these strategic initiatives. It could take several years to realize the anticipated benefits from these initiatives, if any benefits are achieved at all. We may be unable to achieve expected gross margin improvements on our products or technologies. Additionally, our business strategy may change from time to time, which could delay our ability to implement initiatives that we believe are important to our business.
Our product approval, R&D, acquisition and licensing efforts may fail to generate new products and product lifecycle developments.
Our future success depends on both our existing product portfolio, including our ability to obtain cross-clearances enabling the use of our medicated products in conjunction with other products, approval for use of our products with new species, approval for new claims for our products, approval of our products in new markets, and our pipeline of new products, including new products that we may develop through joint ventures and products that we are able to obtain through license or acquisition. The majority of our R&D programs focus on product lifecycle development, which is defined as R&D programs that leverage existing animal health products by adding new species or claims, achieving approvals in new markets or creating new combinations and reformulations. We commit substantial effort, funds and other resources to expanding our product approvals and R&D, both through our own dedicated resources and through collaborations with third parties.
We may be unable to determine with accuracy when or whether any of our expanded product approvals for our existing product portfolio or any of our products now under development will be approved or launched, or we may be unable to obtain expanded product approvals or develop, license or otherwise acquire product candidates or products. In addition, we cannot predict whether any products, once launched, will be commercially successful or will achieve sales and revenues that are consistent with our expectations. The animal health industry is subject to regional and local trends and regulations and, as a result, products that are successful in some of our markets may not achieve similar success when introduced into new markets. Furthermore, the timing and cost of our R&D may increase, and our R&D may become less predictable. For example, changes in regulations applicable to our industry may make it more time-consuming and/or costly to research, test and develop products.
Products in the animal health industry are sometimes derived from molecules and compounds discovered or developed as part of human health research. We may enter into collaboration or licensing arrangements with third parties to provide us with access to compounds and other technology for purposes of our business. Such agreements are typically complex and require time to negotiate and implement. If we enter into these arrangements, we may not be able to maintain these relationships or establish new ones in the future on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, any collaboration that we enter into may not be successful, and the success may depend on the efforts and actions of our collaborators, which we may not be able to control. If we are unable to access human health-generated molecules and compounds to conduct R&D on cost-effective terms, our ability to develop new products could be limited.
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We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws or trade control laws, as well as other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA, UK Bribery Act and other laws generally prohibit us and our employees and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We operate in a number of jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we participate in relationships with third parties whose actions could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.
We are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control, and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements, currency exchange regulations and transfer pricing regulations (collectively, the “Trade Control laws”).
There is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anticorruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control laws. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws by U.S. or foreign authorities could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
The actual or purported intellectual property rights of third parties may negatively affect our business.
A third party may sue us, our distributors or licensors, or otherwise make a claim, alleging infringement or other violation of the third-party’s patents, trademarks, trade dress, copyrights, trade secrets, domain names or other intellectual property rights. If we do not prevail in this type of litigation, we may be required to:

pay monetary damages;
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obtain a license in order to continue manufacturing or marketing the affected products, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all; or

stop activities, including any commercial activities, relating to the affected products, which could include a recall of the affected products and/or a cessation of sales in the future.
The costs of defending an intellectual property claim could be substantial and could materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, even if we successfully defend such claims. We may also incur costs in connection with an obligation to indemnify a distributor, licensor or other third party. Moreover, even if we believe that we do not infringe a validly existing third-party patent, we may choose to license such patent, which would result in associated costs and obligations. We may also incur costs in connection with an obligation to indemnify a distributor, licensor or other third party.
The intellectual property positions of animal health medicines and vaccines businesses frequently involve complex legal and factual questions, and an issued patent does not guarantee us the right to practice the patented technology or develop, manufacture or commercialize the patented product. We cannot be certain that a competitor or other third party does not have or will not obtain rights to intellectual property that may prevent us from manufacturing, developing or marketing certain of our products, regardless of whether we believe such intellectual property rights are valid and enforceable or we believe we would be otherwise able to develop a more commercially successful product, which may harm our financial condition and results of operations.
If our intellectual property rights are challenged or circumvented, competitors may be able to take advantage of our R&D efforts. We are also dependent upon trade secrets, which generally are difficult to protect.
Our long-term success largely depends on our ability to market technologically competitive products. We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of intellectual property, including patent,
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trademark, trade dress, copyright, trade secret and domain name protection laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements with our employees and others, to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. If we fail to obtain and maintain adequate intellectual property protection, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies or from marketing products that are very similar or identical to ours. Our currently pending or future patent applications may not result in issued patents, or be approved on a timely basis, or at all. Similarly, any term extensions that we seek may not be approved on a timely basis, if at all. In addition, our issued patents may not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products or provide us with any competitive advantage, including exclusivity in a particular product area. The scope of our patent claims also may vary between countries, as individual countries have their own patent laws. For example, some countries only permit the issuance of patents covering a novel chemical compound itself, and its first use, and thus further methods of use for the same compound, may not be patentable. We may be subject to challenges by third parties regarding our intellectual property, including claims regarding validity, enforceability, scope and effective term. The validity, enforceability, scope and effective term of patents can be highly uncertain and often involve complex legal and factual questions and proceedings. Our ability to enforce our patents also depends on the laws of individual countries and each country’s practice with respect to enforcement of intellectual property rights. In addition, if we are unable to maintain our existing license agreements or other agreements pursuant to which third parties grant us rights to intellectual property, including because such agreements expire or are terminated, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, patent law reform in the United States and other countries may also weaken our ability to enforce our patent rights, or make such enforcement financially unattractive. For instance, in September 2011, the United States enacted the America Invents Act, which will permit enhanced third-party actions for challenging patents and implement a first-to-invent system, and, in April 2012, Australia enacted the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment (Raising the Bar) Act, which provides higher standards for obtaining patents. These reforms could result in increased costs to protect our intellectual property or limit our ability to patent our products in these jurisdictions.
Additionally, certain foreign governments have indicated that compulsory licenses to patents may be granted in the case of national emergencies, which could diminish or eliminate sales and profits from those regions and materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
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Likewise, in the United States and other countries, we currently hold issued trademark registrations and have trademark applications pending, any of which may be the subject of a governmental or third party objection, which could prevent the maintenance or issuance of the same and thus create the potential need to rebrand or relabel a product. As our products mature, our reliance on our trademarks to differentiate us from our competitors increases and as a result, if we are unable to prevent third parties from adopting, registering or using trademarks and trade dress that infringe, dilute or otherwise violate our trademark rights, our business could be materially adversely affected.
Our competitive position is also dependent upon unpatented trade secrets, which generally may be difficult to protect. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, trade secrets may be disclosed or we may not be able to protect our rights to unpatented trade secrets.
Many of our vaccine products and other products are based on or incorporate proprietary information, including proprietary master seeds and proprietary or patented adjuvant formulations. We actively seek to protect our proprietary information, including our trade secrets and proprietary know-how, by requiring our employees, consultants, other advisors and other third parties to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their employment, engagement or other relationship. Despite these efforts and precautions, we may be unable to prevent a third party from copying or otherwise obtaining and using our trade secrets or our other intellectual property without authorization and legal remedies may not adequately compensate us for the damages caused by such unauthorized use. Further, others may independently and lawfully develop substantially similar or identical products that circumvent our intellectual property by means of alternative designs or processes or otherwise.
The misappropriation and infringement of our intellectual property, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States, may occur
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even when we take steps to prevent it. In the future, we may be party to patent lawsuits and other intellectual property rights claims that are expensive and time consuming, and if resolved adversely, could have a significant impact on our business and financial condition. In the future, we may not be able to enforce intellectual property that relates to our products for various reasons, including licensor restrictions and other restrictions imposed by third parties, and that the costs of doing so may outweigh the value of doing so, and this could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws or trade control laws, as well as other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA, UK Bribery Act and other laws generally prohibit us and our employees and intermediaries from bribing, being bribed or making other prohibited payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. We operate in a number of jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential FCPA violations, and we participate in relationships with third parties whose actions could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.
We are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control, and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs requirements, currency exchange regulations and transfer pricing regulations (collectively, the “Trade Control laws”).
There is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anticorruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control laws. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws, we
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may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws by U.S. or foreign authorities could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations
Increased regulation or decreased governmental financial support for the raising, processing or consumption of food animals could reduce demand for our animal health products.
Companies in the animal health industry are subject to extensive and increasingly stringent regulations. If livestock producers are adversely affected by new regulations or changes to existing regulations, they may reduce herd sizes or become less profitable and, as a result, they may reduce their use of our products, which may materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, adverse regulations related, directly or indirectly, to the use of one or more of our products may injure livestock producers’ market position. More stringent regulation of the livestock industry or our products could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Also, many industrial producers, including livestock producers, benefit from governmental subsidies, and if such subsidies were to be reduced or eliminated, these companies may become less profitable and, as a result, may reduce their use of our products.
We have substantial debt and interest payment requirements that may restrict our future operations and impair our ability to meet our obligations under our indebtedness. Restrictions imposed by our outstanding indebtedness, including the restrictions contained in our Credit Facilities, may limit our ability to operate our business and to finance our future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities.
As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had $250.0$231.3 million of outstanding indebtedness under our Term A loan (reflects the principal amount), $65.0$96.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility (together(the “Revolver”, and together with the Term A loan, the “Credit Facilities”) and $6.0$3.0 million of outstanding letters of credit. Subject to restrictions in our Credit Facilities, we may incur significant additional indebtedness. If we and our subsidiaries incur significant additional indebtedness, the related risks that we face could intensify.
Our substantial debt may have important consequences. For instance, it could:

make it more difficult for us to satisfy our financial obligations, including those relating to the Credit Facilities;

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of any cash flow from operations to the payment of interest and principal due under our debt, which will reduce funds available for other business purposes, including capital expenditures and acquisitions;

increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;

place us at a competitive disadvantage compared with some of our competitors that may have less debt and better access to capital resources; and

limit our ability to obtain additional financing required to fund working capital and capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes.
Our ability to satisfy our obligations and to reduce our total debt depends on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow, and future financings may not be available to provide sufficient net proceeds, to meet these obligations or to successfully execute our business strategy.
The terms of the Credit Facilities contain certain covenants that limit our ability and that of our subsidiaries to create liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, incur indebtedness and guarantees, repurchase or redeem capital stock and indebtedness, make certain investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions with affiliates or change the nature of our business. As a result of these covenants and
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restrictions, we will be limited in how we conduct our business, and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. The terms of any future indebtedness we may incur could include more restrictive covenants. We may not be able to maintain compliance with the covenants in any of our debt instruments in the future and, if we fail to do so, we may not be able to obtain waivers from the lenders and/or amend the covenants.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to dispose of material assets or operations, alter our dividend policy, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The instruments that govern our indebtedness may restrict our ability to dispose of assets and may restrict the use of proceeds from those dispositions and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations when due.
In addition, we conduct our operations through our subsidiaries. Accordingly, repayment of our indebtedness will depend on the generation of cash flow by our subsidiaries, including our international subsidiaries, and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Our subsidiaries may not have any obligation to pay amounts due on our indebtedness or to make funds available for that purpose. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity, and under certain circumstances, legal, tax and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries or may subject any transfer of cash from our subsidiaries to substantial tax liabilities. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.
Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, may materially adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and liquidity and our ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness or pay dividends on our common stock.
We are subject to change of control provisions.
We are a party to certain contractual arrangements that are subject to change of control provisions. In this context, “change of control” is generally defined as including (a) any person or group, other than Mr. Jack C. Bendheim and his family and affiliates (the current holders of approximately 91.5%90.9% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock), becoming the beneficial owner of more than 50% of the total voting power of our stock, and (b) a change in any twelve month period in the majority of the members of the Board that is not approved by Mr. Bendheim and/or his family and affiliates or by the majority of directors in office at the start of such period.
Mr. Bendheim and his family and affiliates may choose to dispose of part or all of their stakes in us and/or may cease to exercise the current level of control they have over the appointment and removal of members of our Board. Any such changes may trigger a “change of control” event that could result in us being forced to repay the Credit Facilities or lead to the termination of a significant contract to which we are a party. If any such event occurs, this may negatively affect our financial condition and operating results. In addition, we may not have sufficient funds to finance repayment of any of such indebtedness upon any such “change in control.”
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We depend on sophisticated information technology and infrastructure.
We rely on various information systems to manage our operations, and we increasingly depend on third parties and applications on virtualized, or “cloud,” infrastructure to operate and support our information technology systems. These third parties include large established vendors as well as small, privately owned companies. Failure by these providers to adequately service our operations or a change in control or insolvency of these providers could have an adverse effect on our business, which in turn may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may be required to write down goodwill or identifiable intangible assets.
Under U.S. GAAP, if we determine goodwill or identifiable intangible assets are impaired, we will be required to write down these assets and record a non-cash impairment charge. As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had goodwill of  $24.0$27.3 million and identifiable intangible assets, less accumulated amortization, of $54.6$47.5 million. Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of developed technology rights and patents, customer relationships, distribution agreements and trade names and trademarks. During fiscal year 2017, we determined certain of our intangible assets were impaired. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards, Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill.”
Determining whether an impairment exists and the amount of the potential impairment involves quantitative data and qualitative criteria that are based on estimates and assumptions requiring significant management judgment. Future events or new information may change management’s valuation of goodwill or an intangible asset in a short amount of time. The timing and amount of impairment charges recorded in our consolidated statements of operations and write-downs recorded in our consolidated balance sheets could vary if management’s conclusions change. Any impairment of goodwill or identifiable intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to adequately protect our customers’ privacy or we may fail to comply with privacy laws.
The protection of customer, employee and company data is critical and the regulatory environment surrounding information security, storage, use, processing, disclosure and privacy is demanding, with the frequent imposition of new and changing requirements. In addition, our customers expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. Any actual or perceived significant breakdown, intrusion, interruption, cyber-attack or corruption of customer, employee or company data or our failure to comply with federal, state, local and foreign privacy laws could damage our reputation and result in lost sales, fines and lawsuits. Despite our considerable efforts and technology to secure our computer network, security could be compromised, confidential information could be misappropriated or system disruptions could occur. Such failuresAny actual or perceived access, disclosure or other loss of information or any significant breakdown, intrusion, interruption, cyber-attack or corruption of customer, employee or company data or our failure to comply with federal, state, local and foreign privacy laws or contractual obligations with customers, vendors, payment processors and other third parties, could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws or contracts that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption of our operations, and damage to our reputation, all of which could materially adversely affect our financial conditionbusiness, revenue and results of operations.competitive position.
We may be subject to information technology system failures, network disruptions and breaches in data security.
We are increasingly dependent upon information technology systems and infrastructure to conduct critical operations and generally operate our business.business, which includes using information technology systems to process, transmit and store electronic information in our day-to-day operations, including customer, employee and company data. The size and complexity of our computer systems make them potentially vulnerable to breakdown, malicious intrusion and random attack. We also store certain information with third parties. Our information systems and those of our third-party vendors are subjected to computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, and cyber- or phishing-attacks and also are vulnerable to an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks and external hazards. Disruption, degradation, or manipulation of these systems and infrastructure through intentional
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or accidental means could impact key business processes. Cyber-attacks against the Company’s systems and infrastructure could result in exposure of confidential information, the modification of critical data, and/or the failure of critical operations. Likewise, improper or inadvertent employee behavior, including data privacy breaches by employees and others with permitted access to our systems may pose a risk that sensitive data may be exposed to unauthorized persons or to the public. Any such breach could compromise our networks, and the information stored therein could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Such attacks could result in our intellectual property and other confidential information being lost or stolen, disruption of our operations, and other negative consequences, such as increased costs for security measures or remediation costs, and diversion of management attention. Although the aggregate impact on the Company’s operations and financial condition has not been material to date, the Company has been the target of events of this nature and expects them to continue.continue as cyber-attacks are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, and the techniques used in such attacks change rapidly. The Company monitors its data, information technology and personnel usage of Company systems to reduce these risks and continues to do so on an ongoing basis for any current or potential threats. While we have invested in protection of data and information technology, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent breakdowns, cybersecurity attacks or breaches in our systems that could cause reputational
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damage, business disruption and legal and regulatory costs; could result in third-party claims; could result in compromise or misappropriation of our intellectual property, trade secrets and sensitive information; and could otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Our multiple class structure and the concentration of our voting power with certain of our stockholders will limit your ability to influence corporate matters, and conflicts of interest between certain of our stockholders and us or other investors could arise in the future.
As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, BFI Co., LLC (“BFI”) beneficially owns 12,00059.480 shares of our Class A common stock and 20,626,83620,166,034 shares of our Class B common stock, which together represent approximately 91.5%90.9% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock. As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, our other stockholders, collectively own interests representing approximately 8.5%9.1% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock. Because of our multiple class structure and the concentration of voting power with BFI, BFI will continue to be able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval for so long as BFI holds common stock representing greater than 50% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock. BFI will therefore have significant influence over management and affairs and control the approval of all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of the Company or its assets, for the foreseeable future.
We are classified as a “controlled company” and, as a result, we qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
BFI controls a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NASDAQNasdaq corporate governance standards. Under NASDAQNasdaq rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:

the requirement that a majority of the Board consists of independent directors;

the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee and that it is composed entirely of independent directors;

the requirement that we have a compensation committee and that it is composed entirely of independent directors; and

the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.
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We utilize and intend to continue to utilize these exemptions. As a result, while we currently have a majority of independent directors:

we may not have a majority of independent directors in the future;

we will not have a nominating and corporate governance committee;

our compensation committee will not consist entirely of independent directors; and

we will not be required to have an annual performance evaluation of the compensation committee.
Accordingly, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NASDAQNasdaq corporate governance requirements.
Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.
The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which we cannot control, including those described under “—Risks Related to Our Business” and “—Risks Related to Our Indebtedness” and the following:
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changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our Class A common stock, our failure to meet these estimates or failure of those analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our Class A common stock;

downgrades by any securities analysts who follow our Class A common stock;

future sales of our Class A common stock by our officers, directors and significant stockholders;

market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the animal health industry;

investors’ perceptions of our prospects;

announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures or capital commitments; and

changes in key personnel.
In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs, and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.
Our majority stockholder has the ability to control significant corporate activities and our majority stockholder’s interests may not coincide with yours.
As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, approximately 91.5%90.9% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock is held by BFI. As a result of its ownership, so long as it holds a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock, BFI will have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and, through our Board of Directors, the ability to control decision-making with respect to our business direction and policies. Matters over which BFI, directly or indirectly, exercises control include:

the election of our Board of Directors and the appointment and removal of our officers;

mergers and other business combination transactions, including proposed transactions that would result in our stockholders receiving a premium price for their shares;

other acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or assets;

incurrence of indebtedness and the issuance of equity securities;
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repurchase of stock and payment of dividends; and

the issuance of shares to management under our equity incentive plans.
Even if BFI’s ownership of our shares falls below a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock, it may continue to be able to influence or effectively control our decisions.
Future sales of our Class A common stock, or the perception in the public markets that these sales may occur, may depress our stock price.
Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. In addition, subject to certain restrictions on converting Class B common stock into Class A common stock, all of our outstanding shares of Class B common stock may be converted into Class A common stock and sold in the public market by existing stockholders. As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, we had 19,261,78920,287,574 shares of Class A common stock and 20,626,83620,166,034 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
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BFI, which holds all of our outstanding Class B common stock, has the right to require us to register the sales of their shares under the Securities Act under the terms of an agreement between us and the holders of these securities. In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of our Class A common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of our Class A common stock.
As an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements.
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include, but are not limited to, (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404, (ii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (iii) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We have taken, and plan to continue to take, advantage of some or all of these exemptions. If we do continue to take advantage of any of these exemptions, we do not know if some investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result. The result may be a less active trading market for our securities and our security prices may be more volatile. We could remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of    (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by nonaffiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period or (iv) June 2019, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.
Pursuant to the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 for so long as we are an “emerging growth company.”
Section 404 requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, starting with the annual report for the year ending June 30, 2015, that we file with the SEC, and generally requires in the same report a report by our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We could remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of    (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by nonaffiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period or (iv) June 2019, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.
As a public company, we are subject to financial and other reporting and corporate governance requirements that did not previously apply to us and that may be difficult for us to satisfy and may divert management’s attention from our business.
As a public company, we are required to file annual and quarterly reports and other information pursuant to the Exchange Act with the SEC. We are required to ensure that we have the ability to prepare consolidated financial statements that comply with SEC reporting requirements on a timely basis. We are also subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, including the applicable stock exchange listing standards and certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which impose significant compliance obligations upon us. Specifically, we are required to:
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prepare and distribute periodic reports and other stockholder communications in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws and applicable stock exchange rules;

maintain compliance and internal audit functions that are more comprehensive;

maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures;

evaluate and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and report on management’s assessment thereof, in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 and the related rules and regulations of the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

continue to enhance our investor relations function;

maintain internal policies, including those relating to disclosure controls and procedures; and

involve and retain outside legal counsel and accountants in connection with the activities listed above.
As a public company, we are required to commit significant resources and management time and attention to the above-listed requirements, which cause us to incur significant costs and which may place a strain on our systems and resources. As a result, our management’s attention might be diverted from other business concerns. Compliance with these requirements place significant demands on our legal, accounting and finance staff and on our accounting, financial and information systems and increase our legal and
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accounting compliance costs as well as our compensation expense as we have been or may be required to hire additional accounting, tax, finance and legal staff with the requisite technical knowledge, particularly afternow that we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”
Our management and independent registered public accounting firm have determined that there are material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
Our management and independent registered public accounting firm have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting and our audit committee has agreed with the assessment of our management and independent registered public accounting firm. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Our management and independent registered public accounting firm have identifiedconcluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to a lack of sufficient resources with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. This deficiency contributed to the following material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting:weaknesses:

We did not maintain effective internal controls to ensure processing and reporting of valid transactions are complete, accurate, and timely. Specifically, we have not designed and implemented formal accounting policies and procedures that define how transactions across the business cycles should be initiated, authorized, processed, recorded processed and reported and appropriately authorized and approved.reported.

We did not maintain effective internal controlscontrol that restrictrestricts access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users and ensureensures appropriate segregation of duties is maintained. Certain personnel had access to financial application, programs and data beyond that needed to perform their individual job responsibilities and without independent monitoring. In addition, certain financial personnel had incompatible duties that allowed for the creation, review and processing of certain financial data without independent review and authorization. This material weakness affects substantially all financial statement accounts.
Each of these material weaknesses could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that possibly would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We are currently evaluatingin the controls and procedures we will design and put in placeprocess of implementing a range of changes to address these weaknesses and plan to implement appropriate measures as part of this effort. The measures may include additional staffing and other resources to strengthenour internal controls and financial reporting. Failure to maintain an effective system of internal controlscontrol over financial reporting could haveto remediate the material weaknesses. While we will continue to implement our remediation plan, we cannot determine when our remediation plan will be fully completed, and we cannot provide any assurance that these remediation efforts will be successful or that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective as a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and our resultsresult of operations.these efforts. If we are unsuccessful in remediating the material weakness, or if we suffer other deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls in the
47

future, we may be unable to report financial information in a timely and accurate manner and it could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, which could cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting, negatively affect the trading price of our common stock, and could cause a default under the agreements governing our indebtedness.
Failure to comply with requirements to design, implement and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
As a public company, we have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls. The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and harm our operating results. In addition, we are required, pursuant to Section 404, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment includes disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting and a statement that our auditors have issued an attestation
48

report on the effectiveness of our internal controls, provided that, as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404.controls. Testing and maintaining internal controls may divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to our business. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 or our independent registered public accounting firm may not issue an unqualified opinion. If either we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting or our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide us with an unqualified opinion, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our stock.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law might discourage or delay acquisition attempts for us that you might consider favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of the Company more difficult without the approval of our Board of Directors. These provisions:

authorize the issuance of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and the shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval, and which may include super voting, special approval, dividend, or other rights or preferences superior to the rights of the holders of Class A common stock;

prohibit, at any time after BFI and its affiliates cease to hold at least 50% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock, stockholder action by written consent, without the express prior consent of the Board of Directors;

provide that the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our amended and restated bylaws;

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings;

establish a classified Board of Directors, as a result of which our Board of Directors will be divided into three classes, with each class serving for staggered three-year terms, which prevents stockholders from electing an entirely new Board of Directors at an annual meeting; and
48


require, at any time after BFI and its affiliates cease to hold at least 50% of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock, the approval of holders of at least three quarters of the combined voting power of all classes of our outstanding common stock for stockholders to amend the amended and restated bylaws or amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions under Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the Company, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.
Our certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our by-laws, or (iv) any other action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation described above. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s
49

ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation could have the effect of preventing us from having the benefit of certain business opportunities that we would otherwise be entitled to pursue.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that BFI and its affiliates are not required to offer corporate opportunities of which they become aware to us and could, therefore, offer such opportunities instead to other companies including affiliates of BFI. In the event that BFI obtains business opportunities from which we might otherwise benefit but chooses not to present such opportunities to us, these provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation could have the effect of preventing us from pursuing transactions or relationships that would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
We may not pay cash dividends in the future and, as a result, you may not receive any return on investment unless you are able to sell your Class A common stock for a price greater than your initial investment.
Though we have a paid a quarterly dividend of  $0.10 per share since September 2014 on our Class A and Class B common stock and our Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of  $0.10$0.12 per share on Class A common stock and Class B common stock that is payable on September 27, 2017,25, 2019, any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, and our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries to meet our obligations. Our Credit Facilities permit us to pay distributions to stockholders out of available cash subject to certain annual limitations and so long as no default or event of default under the Credit Facilities shall have occurred and be continuing at the time such distribution is declared. Realization of a gain on your investment will depend on the appreciation of the price of our Class A common stock.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
49

Item 2.
Properties
The following table lists our material properties:
Business Segment(s)LocationOwned/LeasedApprox. sq.
Footage
Purpose(s)
Animal HealthBeit Shemesh, IsraelOwned/land lease78,00078,000​Manufacturing and Research
Animal HealthBraganca Paulista, BrazilOwned44,00050,000​Manufacturing and Administrative
Animal HealthBuenos Aires, ArgentinaOwned43,000​Manufacturing and Administrative
Animal HealthChillicothe, IllinoisOwned19,00019,000​Manufacturing
Animal HealthCorvallis, OregonOwned5,0005,000​Research
Animal HealthGuarulhos, BrazilOwned1,294,0001,294,000​Manufacturing, Sales, Premixing, Research and Administrative
Animal HealthNeot Hovav, IsraelOwned/land lease140,000140,000​Manufacturing and Research
Mineral NutritionOmaha, NebraskaOwned84,00084,000​Manufacturing
Animal HealthOmaha, NebraskaOwned43,00043,000​Manufacturing, Sales and Research
Animal HealthPetach Tikva, IsraelOwned60,00060,000​Manufacturing
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Business Segment(s)LocationOwned/LeasedApprox. sq.
Footage
Purpose(s)
Animal Health and Mineral NutritionQuincy, IllinoisOwned306,000306,000​Manufacturing, Sales, Research and Administrative
Performance ProductsSanta Fe Springs, CaliforniaOwned108,000108,000​Manufacturing
Animal HealthState College, PennsylvaniaOwned13,00013,000​Research
Animal HealthSt. Paul, MinnesotaLeased4,0005,000​Research
CorporateTeaneck, New JerseyLeased50,00050,000​Corporate and Administrative
In addition to the above facilities, we maintain leased sales offices throughout the world in countries including Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile,Kingdom. We own a facility in Sligo, Ireland that we are developing for the United Kingdom, Belgium, Turkey, Israel, South Africa, China, Malaysia and Australia.production of animal vaccines.
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
We are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims and litigation may include, among other things, allegations of violation of United States and foreign competition law, labor laws, consumer protection laws, data protection laws and Environmental Laws and regulations, as well as claims or litigation relating to product liability, intellectual property, securities, breach of contract and tort. We operate in multiple jurisdictions and, as a result, a claim in one jurisdiction may lead to claims or regulatory penalties in other jurisdictions.
We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of existing claims and litigation will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information for Common Stock
Our Class A common stock is traded on NASDAQNasdaq under the trading symbol “PAHC.” Our Class B common stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange. At June 30, 2017,2019, there were 19,249,13220,287,574 Class A common shares outstanding, and the closing sales price of our Class A common stock was $37.05. The table below sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock for the quarters indicated.outstanding.
Quarter EndedHighLow
September 30, 2015$40.54$30.11
December 31, 2015$34.65$29.75
March 31, 2016$35.69$23.21
June 30, 2016$27.99$16.80
September 30, 2016$28.04$18.68
December 31, 2016$30.75$24.83
March 31, 2017$30.85$26.10
June 30, 2017$38.85$26.70
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017,2019, we did not sell any unregistered securities nor did we purchase any of our equity securities.
Holders of Record
As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, there were 19,261,78920,287,574 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding, which were held by one stockholder of record, not including beneficial owners of shares registered in nominee or street name. As of August 23, 2017,20, 2019, there were 20,626,83620,166,034 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding, which were held by one stockholder of record. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. Information about 5% beneficial owners of our common stock is incorporated by reference from the discussion in our 20172019 Proxy Statement under the headingSecurity Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
Dividend Policy
During fiscal year 2017, we paid quarterly dividends of  $0.10 per share to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. We intend to pay regular quarterly dividends to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose. On July 24, 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $0.10 per share quarterly dividend to holders of record as of September 6, 2017 of our Class A and Class B common stock, payable September 27, 2017. Any future determination to pay dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries and other factors that our Board of Directors deemsdeem relevant. Additionally, the terms of our current and any future agreements governing our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions.
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Stock Performance Graph
This performance graph is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
The following graph shows a comparison from April 11,June 30, 2014 (the date our Class A common stock commenced trading on NASDAQ) through June 30, 2017,2019, of the cumulative stockholder return of our Class A common stock, the S&P 500 Index, the NASDAQNasdaq Composite Index, the Russell 2000 Index and S&P Pharmaceuticals Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in our Class A common stock
51

and each of the aforementioned indexes at the market close on April 11,June 30, 2014, and assumes dividends, if any, are reinvested. The stock price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance, and we do not make any projections of future stockholder returns.
[MISSING IMAGE: lc_527742stockperform-4c.jpg]
5253

Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
The following table presents our selected consolidated financial data and certain other financial data. The balance sheet data as of June 30, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 2015, 2014 and 20132015 and the results of operations data and cash flows data for the years then ended were derived from our consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial data and other financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, under the sections entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
For the Years Ended June 3020172016201520142013
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Results of operations data
Net sales$764,281$751,526$748,591$691,914$653,151
Cost of goods sold516,038512,494515,311487,500476,307
Gross profit248,243239,032233,280204,414176,844
Selling, general and administrative expenses150,309153,288145,612140,620120,113
Operating income97,93485,74487,66863,79456,731
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,30532,96235,629
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)(5,400)1,7533,103
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,59822,771
Other (income) expense, net151
Income before income taxes80,54376,76178,7636,30817,848
Provision (benefit) for income taxes15,928(5,967)18,4839,435(7,043)
Net income (loss)$64,615$82,728$60,280$(3,127)$24,891
Net income (loss) per share
basic$1.63$2.11$1.55$(0.10)$0.82
diluted$1.61$2.07$1.51$(0.10)$0.82
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic39,52439,25438,96932,19330,458
diluted40,04239,96239,81532,19330,458
Dividends per share$0.40$0.40$0.40$0.82$0.10
Other financial data
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$120,119$114,060$110,019$90,597$75,754
Cash provided (used) by operating activities(2)
98,38537,21868,704(712)1,437
Capital expenditures20,88036,35220,05819,84619,947
As of June 3020172016201520142013
(in thousands)
Balance sheet data
Cash and cash equivalents$56,083$33,605$29,216$11,821$27,369
Working capital(3)
198,036203,356175,988177,999153,677
Total assets623,397607,835490,250468,725470,513
Total debt(4)
313,141350,172286,450285,793361,975
Long-term debt and other liabilities356,444408,578349,185341,138424,047
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)151,15790,48029,62815,149(68,938)
For the Year Ended June 3020192018201720162015
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Results of operations data
Net sales$827,995$819,982$764,281$751,526$748,591
Cost of goods sold563,371553,103516,038512,494515,311
Gross profit264,624266,879248,243239,032233,280
Selling, general and administrative expenses181,398167,953150,309153,288145,612
Operating income83,22698,92697,93485,74487,668
Interest expense, net11,77611,91014,90616,59214,305
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(55)(1,054)(113)(7,609)(5,400)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Income before income taxes71,50588,07080,54376,76178,763
Provision (benefit) for income taxes16,79223,18715,928(5,967)18,483
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615$82,728$60,280
Net income per share
basic$1.35$1.61$1.63$2.11$1.55
diluted$1.35$1.61$1.61$2.07$1.51
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic40,41240,18139,52439,25438,969
diluted40,52340,38540,04239,96239,815
Dividends per share$0.46$0.40$0.40$0.40$0.40
Other financial data
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$118,037$128,958$120,119$114,060$110,019
Cash provided by operating activities(2)
47,16970,00898,38537,21868,704
Capital expenditures29,89118,54820,88036,35220,058
For the Year Ended June 3020192018201720162015
(in thousands)
Balance sheet data
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments$81,573$79,168$56,083$33,605$29,216
Working capital(3)
242,902205,651198,036203,356175,988
Total assets726,671671,679623,397607,835490,250
Total debt(4)
326,175312,381313,141350,172286,450
Long-term debt and other liabilities356,429343,504356,444408,578349,185
Total stockholders’ equity216,015184,954151,15790,48029,628
(1)
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—General description of non-GAAP financial measures” for descriptions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.
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For the Years Ended June 3020172016201520142013
For the Year Ended June 3020192018201720162015
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Net income (loss)$64,615$82,728$60,280$(3,127)$24,891
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615$82,728$60,280
Plus:
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,30532,96235,62911,77611,91014,90616,59214,305
Provision (benefit) for income taxes15,928(5,967)18,4839,435(7,043)16,79223,18715,928(5,967)18,483
Depreciation and amortization26,00123,45221,60421,45319,02327,56426,94326,00123,45221,604
EBITDA121,450116,805114,67260,72372,500110,845126,923121,450116,805114,672
Restructuring costs6,281
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,5661,6712,566
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,6807471,1521,6801,680747
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,2746182134001,274618
Acquisition-related other, net(972)(468)(972)
Other(1,506)
Pension settlement cost1,7021,702
(Gain)/Loss on insurance (settlement)/claim(7,500)5,350
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)���(5,400)1,7533,103(55)(1,054)(113)(7,609)(5,400)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,59822,7712,598
Other (income) expense, net151
Adjusted EBITDA$120,119$114,060$110,019$90,597$75,754$118,037$128,958$120,119$114,060$110,019
Acquisition-related other, net includes the net effect of adjustments to contingent consideration on acquisitions and impairments of intangible assets.
(2)
Cash provided (used) by operating activities:
For the Years Ended June 3020172016201520142013
For the Year Ended June 3020192018201720162015
(in thousands)(in thousands)
EBITDA$121,450$116,805$114,672$60,723$72,500$110,845$126,923$121,450$116,805$114,672
Adjustments
Restructuring costs6,281
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,5661,6712,566
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,6807471,1521,6801,680747
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,2746182134001,274618
Acquisition-related other, net(972)(468)(972)
Other(1,506)
Pension settlement cost1,7021,702
(Gain)/Loss on insurance (settlement)/​
claim
(7,500)5,350
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)(5,400)1,7533,103(55)(1,054)(113)(7,609)(5,400)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,59822,7712,598
Other (income) expense, net151
Interest paid(14,600)(14,215)(12,912)(45,370)(33,824)(12,250)(11,208)(14,600)(14,215)(12,912)
Income taxes paid(14,762)(16,828)(10,780)(12,207)(7,061)(16,215)(15,191)(14,762)(16,828)(10,780)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other items1,402(45,181)(12,337)(16,527)(33,432)(42,190)(32,151)1,402(45,181)(12,337)
Cash provided by (used for) gain (loss) on insurance settlement (claim)7,500(5,286)
Cash used for acquisition-related transactions costs(1,274)(618)
Payment of premiums and costs on extinguished debt(17,205)
Net cash provided (used) by operating
activities
$98,385$37,218$68,704$(712)$1,437
Cash provided by/(used for) insurance settlement/(claim)7,500(5,286)
Cash used for acquisition-related transaction costs(213)(400)(1,274)(618)
Net cash provided by operating activities$47,169$70,008$98,385$37,218$68,704
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(3)
We define working capital as total current assets (excluding cash &and cash equivalents)equivalents and short-term investments) less total current liabilities (excluding current portion of long-term debt). Current assets in 2015 and prior years included current deferred tax assets.
(4)
Total debt includes revolving credit facility, current and long-term portions of long-term debt and capitalized lease obligations. Total debt is reduced by certain unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized debt discount, if any.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentations.
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is provided to assist readers in understanding our performance, as reflected in the results of our operations, our financial condition and our cash flows. The following discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included under the section entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Our future results could differ materially from our historical performance as a result of various factors such as those discussed in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview of our business
Phibro Animal Health Corporation is a global diversified animal health and mineral nutrition company. We develop, manufacture and market products for a broad range of products for food animals including poultry, swine, beef and dairy cattle and aquaculture. Our products help prevent, control and treat diseases, enhance nutrition to help improve health and performance and contribute to balanced mineral nutrition. In addition to animal health and mineral nutrition products, we manufacture and market specific ingredients for use in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. We sell more than 1,4001,500 product presentations in over 6575 countries to approximately 3,0003,500 customers.
Factors affecting our performance
Industry growth
According to Vetnosis, a research and consulting firm specializing in global animal health and veterinary medicine, the global livestock animal health sector represented approximately $19.4$20.9 billion of sales in 2016.2018. The market grew at a compound annual growth rate of 0.8%1.1% between 20112013 and 20162018 and the market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 5.2%3.6% per year between 20162018 and 2021.2023. We believe global population growth, the growth of the global middle class and the productivity improvements needed due to limitations of arable land and water supplies have supported and will continue to support this growth.
Regulatory Developments
Our business depends heavily on a healthy and growing livestock industry. Some in the public perceive risks to human health related to the consumption of food derived from animals that utilize certain of our products, including certain of our MFA products. In particular, there is increased focus, primarily in the United States and other countries, on the use of medically important antimicrobials, asantimicrobials. As defined by the FDA. MedicallyFDA, medically important antimicrobials (“MIAs”) include classes that are prescribed in animal and human health and are listed in the Appendix of the FDA-CVM Guidance for Industry (GFI) 152. Our products that contain virginiamycin, oxytetracycline or neomycin have previously beenare classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials. ThisIn addition to the United States, the World Health Organization (WHO), the E.U., Australia and Canada have promulgated rating lists for antimicrobials that are used in veterinary medicine and that include certain of our products.
The classification of our products as MIAs or similar listings may lead to a decline in the demand for and production of food products derived from animals that utilize our MIA products and, in turn, demand for our MIA products. Livestock
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producers may experience decreased demand for their products or reputational
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
harm as a result of evolving consumer views of nutrition and health-related concerns, animal rights, and other concerns. Any reputational harm to the livestock industry may also extend to companies in related industries, including us. In addition, campaigns by interest groups, activists and others with respect to perceived risks associated with the use of our products in animals, including position statements by livestock producers and their customers based on non-use of certain medicated products in livestock production, whether or not scientifically-supported, could affect public perceptions and reduce the use of our products. Those adverse consumer views related to the use of one or more of our products in animals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our sales in the United States of products that have been classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials were approximately $23 million and $37 million for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Our business is subject to product registration and authorization regulations. Changes in the regulations could have a material impact on our business. In April 2016, the FDA began initial steps to withdraw approval of Mecadox (carbadox), due to concerns that certain residues from the product may persist in tissues for longer than previously determined. ThisIn July 2016, we submitted our data, analyses and information to the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. In March 2018, the FDA indefinitely stayed the withdrawal proceedings; however, we continue to submit data to the FDA and respond to their questions. There is no timeline for the conclusion of this matter. The initial action by the FDA does not prohibit the sale or use of Mecadox in the United States. We have complete confidence in the safety of Mecadox. Mecadox has been approved and sold in the United States for more than 40 years and is a widely used treatment for controlling bacterial diseases including Salmonella and swine dysentery. Mecadox is not used in human medicine and the class of drug is not considered a medically important antimicrobial. The approved Mecadox label requires a 42-day withdrawal period pre-harvesting, and to date we have not seen any hazardous residues of carbadox being detected from pig meat treated in accordance with the approved label. We have complete confidence in the safety of Mecadox. In response to FDA inquiries several years ago, we began rigorous new studies of the continued safety of the product when used in accordance with the label. Our studies were completed in July 2016, and we submitted our data, analyses and information to the FDA that we believe support the continued safe use of Mecadox. The timing of the FDA’s response to our submission is not subject to a predetermined deadline. Our sales of Mecadox in the United States were approximately $15 million for each of the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Should we be unable to successfully defend the safety of the product, the loss of Mecadox sales would have a negative impact to the results of our operations.
Our global sales of antibacterials, anticoccidials and other products were $350 million, $337 million and $321 million for the years ended June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Competition
The animal health industry is highly competitive. We believe many of our competitors are conducting R&D activities in areas served by our products and in areas in which we are developing products. Our competitors include the animal health businesses of large pharmaceutical companies and specialty animal health businesses. In addition to competition from established participants, there could be new entrants to the animal health medicines and vaccines industry in the future. Principal methods of competition vary depending on the region, species, product category or individual products, including reliability, reputation, quality, price, service and promotion to veterinary professionals and livestock producers.
Foreign exchange
We conduct operations in many areas of the world, involving transactions denominated in a variety of currencies. In fiscalthe year 2017,ended June 30, 2019, we generated approximately 37%42% of our revenues from operations outside the United States. Although a portion of our revenues are denominated in various currencies, the selling prices of the majority of our sales outside the United States are referenced in U.S. dollars, and as a result, our revenues have not been significantly directly affected by currency movements. We are subject to currency risk to the extent that our costs are denominated in currencies other than those in which we earn revenues. We manufacture some of our major products in Brazil and Israel and production costs are largely denominated in local currencies, while the selling prices of the products are largely set in U.S. dollars. As such, we are exposed to changes in cost of goods sold resulting from currency movements and may not be able to adjust our selling prices to offset such movements. In addition, we incur selling and administrative expenses in various currencies and are exposed to changes in such expenses resulting from currency movements. Because our financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had, and will continue to have, an impact on our results of operations.
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Climate
The animal health industry and demand for many of our animal health products in a particular region are affected by changing disease pressures and by weather conditions, as usage of our products follows varying weather patterns and weather-related pressures from diseases. As a result, we may experience regional and seasonal fluctuations in our results of operations.
In addition, livestock producers depend on the availability of natural resources, including abundant rainfall to sustain large supplies of drinking water, grasslands and grain production. Their animals’ health and their ability to operate could be adversely affected if they experience a shortage of fresh water due to human population growth or floods, droughts or other weather conditions. In the event of adverse weather conditions or a shortage of fresh water, livestock producers may purchase less of our products.
Product development initiatives
Our future success depends on both our existing product portfolio, including additional approvals for new claims for our ability to obtainproducts, for use of our products in new markets, for use of our products with new species and for cross-clearances enabling the use of our medicated products in conjunction with other products, approval for use of our products with new species, approval for new claims for our products, approval of our products in new markets, andproducts. Our future success also depends on our pipeline of new products, including new products that we may develop through joint ventures and products that we are able to obtain through license or acquisition. The majority of our R&D programs focus on product lifecycle development, which is defined as R&D programs that leverage existing animal health products by adding new species or claims, achieving approvals in new markets or creating new combinations and reformulations. We commit substantial effort, funds and other resources to expanding our product approvals and R&D, both through our own dedicated resources and through collaborations with third parties.
Recent Developments
Refinancing
In June 2017, we entered into We also commit significant resources to development of new vaccine technologies. We currently are developing a new credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). Underpotential vaccine for African Swine Fever, a virulent disease that is highly lethal in swine. We also are developing an innovative automated vaccination delivery system that insures vaccination injection accuracy, enables real-time oversight and offers data analytics to optimize the Credit Agreement, lenders extended credit to us in the form of a Term A loan, with an aggregate principal amount of  $250.0 million (the “Term A Loan”) and a revolving credit facility, with an aggregate principal amount of  $250.0 million (the “Revolver,” and together with the Term A Loan, the “Credit Facilities”). We used the proceeds of  $314.1 million from the Credit Facilities to repay all debt outstanding asmanagement of the closing date and to pay fees and expenses of the transaction. We recorded a $2.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt for certain unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount related to retired debt. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Debt” for additional details.
In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150.0 million of notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR or base rate portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement.vaccination process.
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Analysis of the consolidated statements of operations
Summary Results of Operations
ChangeChange
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017/20162016/2015
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands, except per share)(in thousands, except per share)
Net sales$764,281$751,526$748,591$12,755
2%
$2,935
0%
$827,995$819,982$764,281$8,013
1%
$55,701
7%
Gross profit248,243239,032233,2809,211
4%
5,752
2%
264,624266,879248,243(2,255)
(1)%
18,636
8%
Selling, general and administrative expenses150,309153,288145,612(2,979)
(2)%
7,676
5%
181,398167,953150,30913,445
8%
17,644
12%
Operating income97,93485,74487,66812,190
14%
(1,924)
(2)%
83,22698,92697,934(15,700)
(16)%
992
1%
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,305(1,686)
(10)%
2,287
16%
11,77611,91014,906(134)
(1)%
(2,996)
(20)%
Foreign currency (gains) losses,
net
(113)(7,609)(5,400)7,496*(2,209)*(55)(1,054)(113)999*(941)*
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,5982,598**2,598*(2,598)*
Income before income taxes80,54376,76178,7633,782
5%
(2,002)
(3)%
71,50588,07080,543(16,565)
(19)%
7,527
9%
Provision (benefit) for income
taxes
15,928(5,967)18,48321,895*(24,450)*
Net income (loss)$64,615$82,728$60,280$(18,113)
(22)%
$22,448
37%
Net income (loss) per share
Provision for income taxes16,79223,18715,928(6,395)
(28)%
7,259
46%
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615$(10,170)
(16)%
$268
0%
Net income per share
basic$1.63$2.11$1.55$(0.48)$0.56$1.35$1.61$1.63$(0.26)$(0.02)
diluted$1.61$2.07$1.51$(0.46)$0.56$1.35$1.61$1.61$(0.26)$
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
basic39,52439,25438,96940,41240,18139,524
diluted40,04239,96239,81540,52340,38540,042
Ratio to net sales
Gross profit32.5%31.8%31.2%32.0%32.5%32.5%
Selling, general and administrative
expenses
19.7%20.4%19.5%
21.9%
20.5%
19.7%
Operating income12.8%11.4%11.7%10.1%12.1%12.8%
Income before income taxes10.5%10.2%10.5%8.6%10.7%10.5%
Net income8.5%11.0%8.1%6.6%7.9%8.5%
Effective tax rate19.8%(7.8)%23.5%23.5%26.3%19.8%
Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
*
Calculation not meaningful
Changes in net sales from period to period primarily result from changes in volumes and average selling prices. Although a portion of our net sales is denominated in various currencies, the selling prices of the majority of our sales outside the United States are referenced in U.S. dollars, and as a result, our revenuescurrency movements have not been significantly directly affected by currency movements.our revenues.
Our effective income tax rate has varied significantly from period to period and from the federal statutory rate, due to changes in tax rates in various jurisdictions from period to period, including the effect of the Tax Act; the mix of income tax provisions on profitable foreign jurisdictions; the effect of the 2017 and 2016 releasesrelease of a valuation allowancesallowance against foreign and domestic deferred income taxes, respectively; minimal income tax provision or benefit being recorded on domestic pre-tax income or losses prior to fiscal year 2016;taxes; and the effecteffects of discretecertain other items. Our future effective income tax rate will vary depending ondue to the relative amounts of taxable income in various jurisdictions, future changes in tax rates and other laws and other factors. We intend to continue to reinvest indefinitely the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.subsidiaries where we could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes if amounts are repatriated to the U.S. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Income Taxes” for additional information.
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Net sales, Adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation of GAAP net income to Adjusted EBITDA
We report Net sales and Adjusted EBITDA by segment to understand the operating performance of each segment. This enables us to monitor changes in net sales, costs and other actionable operating metrics at the segment level. See “—General description of non-GAAP financial measures” for descriptions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.
Segment net sales and Adjusted EBITDA:
ChangeChange
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017/20162016/2015
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Net sales
MFAs and other$321,430$339,916$335,735$(18,486)
(5)%
$4,181
1%
$350,468$336,666$321,430$13,802
4%
$15,236
5%
Nutritional specialties111,28294,08481,70217,198
18%
12,382
15%
113,215122,978111,282(9,763)
(8)%
11,696
11%
Vaccines65,03352,14053,36312,893
25%
(1,223)
(2)%
68,29172,08365,033(3,792)
(5)%
7,050
11%
Animal Health497,745486,140470,80011,605
2%
15,340
3%
531,974531,727497,745247
0%
33,982
7%
Mineral Nutrition218,298216,685227,1021,613
1%
(10,417)
(5)%
233,782234,922218,298(1,140)
(0)%
16,624
8%
Performance Products48,23848,70150,689(463)
(1)%
(1,988)
(4)%
62,23953,33348,2388,906
17%
5,095
11%
Total$764,281$751,526$748,591$12,755
2%
$2,935
0%
$827,995$819,982$764,281$8,013
1%
$55,701
7%
Adjusted EBITDA
Animal Health$130,261$127,442$120,259$2,819
2%
$7,183
6%
$136,049$141,914$130,261$(5,865)
(4)%
$11,653
9%
Mineral Nutrition17,42614,97114,4292,455
16%
542
4%
15,71218,58317,426(2,871)
(15)%
1,157
7%
Performance Products2,0579702,6461,087
112%
(1,676)
(63)%
4,7281,8812,0572,847
151%
(176)
(9)%
Corporate(29,625)(29,323)(27,315)(302)*(2,008)*(38,452)(33,420)(29,625)(5,032)*(3,795)*
Total$120,119$114,060$110,019$6,059
5%
$4,041
4%
$118,037$128,958$120,119$(10,921)
(8)%
$8,839
7%
Adjusted EBITDA ratio
to segment net sales
Animal Health26.2%26.2%25.5%25.6%26.7%26.2%
Mineral Nutrition8.0%6.9%6.4%6.7%7.9%8.0%
Performance Products4.3%2.0%5.2%7.6%3.5%4.3%
Corporate(1)
(3.9)%
(3.9)%
(3.6)%
(4.6)%
(4.1)%
(3.9)%
Total(1)
15.7%
15.2%
14.7%
14.3%
15.7%
15.7%
(1)
reflects ratio to total net sales
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A reconciliation of net income, as reported under GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA:
ChangeChange
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017/20162016/2015
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Net income (loss)$64,615$82,728$60,280$(18,113)
(22)%
$22,448
37%
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615$(10,170)
(16)%
$268
0%
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,305(1,686)
(10)%
2,287
16%
11,77611,91014,906(134)
(1)%
(2,996)
(20)%
Provision (benefit) for income
taxes
15,928(5,967)18,48321,895*(24,450)*
Provision for income taxes16,79223,18715,928(6,395)
(28)%
7,259
46%
Depreciation and amortization26,00123,45221,6042,549
11%
1,848
9%
27,56426,94326,001621
2%
942
4%
EBITDA121,450116,805114,6724,645
4%
2,133
2%
110,845126,923121,450(16,078)
(13)%
5,473
5%
Restructuring costs6,2816,281**
Stock-based compensation2,2593341,925
576%
334*
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,566(2,566)*2,566*1,671(1,671)*1,671*
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,680747
0%
933
125%
1,1521,680(1,152)*(528)
(31)%
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,274618656
106%
618*2134001,274(187)
(47)%
(874)
(69)%
Acquisition-related other, net(1)
(972)(972)**(468)(972)468*504*
Pension settlement cost1,7021,702**
Other, net(1,506)(1,506)**
Pension settlement expense1,702*(1,702)*
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)(7,500)**(7,500)*7,500*
Foreign currency (gains) losses,
net
(113)(7,609)(5,400)7,496*(2,209)*(55)(1,054)(113)999*(941)*
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,5982,598**2,598*(2,598)*
Adjusted EBITDA$120,119$114,060$110,019$6,059
5%
$4,041
4%
$118,037$128,958$120,119$(10,921)
(8)%
$8,839
7%
(1)
Acquisition-related other, net includes the net effect of adjustments to contingent consideration on acquisitions and impairments of intangible assets.
Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.
*
Calculation not meaningful
Comparison of fiscalthe years ended June 30, 20172019 and 20162018
Net sales
Net sales of $764.3$828.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2017,2019, increased $12.8$8.0 million, or 2%1%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2016.2018. Animal Health andnet sales were comparable to the prior year. Mineral Nutrition grew $11.6declined $1.1 million, and $1.6 million respectively, while Performance Products declined $0.5grew $8.9 million.
Animal Health
Net sales of  $497.7$532.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2017, grew $11.62019 were comparable to the prior year. Net sales of MFAs and other increased $13.8 million, or 2%. The4%, driven by year over year international volume growth, wasparticularly in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions, partially offset by lower domestic demand from the poultry and swine sectors. While the Asia Pacific region reported strong sales growth for the full year, sales in the region declined in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, due to reduced demand for MFAs related to African Swine Fever in China. Net sales of nutritional specialty products declined by $9.8 million, or 8%, primarily due to volume increases indeclines from the nutritional specialtycontinued negative dairy industry conditions and vaccine product groups within the segment. Nutritional specialty products grew $17.2reduced demand from poultry customers. Net sales of vaccines declined $3.8 million, or 18%5%, due to turbulent economic conditions in certain international countries and the loss of a domestic distribution arrangement; volume growth in other international markets partially offset the reductions.
Mineral Nutrition
Net sales of $233.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2019 declined $1.1 million. Lower volumes and product mix were the primarily drivers of the decline. An increase in overall selling prices partially
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offset the volume decline. Our selling prices of mineral nutrition products generally move in direct correlation with the underlying commodity costs.
Performance Products
Net sales of $62.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2019, increased $8.9 million, or 17%, primarily due to volume growth of our productspersonal care and copper-based products.
Gross profit
Gross profit of $264.6 million for the U.S. poultry and dairy industries. Vaccines grew $12.9year ended June 30, 2019 declined $2.3 million, or 25%1%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit declined to 32.0% for the year ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 32.5% for the year ended June 30, 2018.
Animal Health gross profit decreased $3.1 million due to volume declines in the nutritional specialty and vaccine categories, partially offset by international volume growth and favorable product mix in MFAs and other. Mineral Nutrition gross profit decreased $3.5 million, primarily due to unfavorable product mix and constrained pricing in a competitive environment. Performance Products gross profit increased $2.6 million, primarily due to volume growth and manufacturing cost efficiencies. Gross profit for the year ended June 30, 2018 included $1.7 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A of $181.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2019, increased $13.4 million, or 8%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2019, included $6.3 million of restructuring-related costs, $2.3 million of stock-based compensation, $0.2 million of acquisition-related transaction costs and a $1.5 million benefit from the cancellation of a certain business arrangement. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2018, included $0.3 million of stock-based compensation, $1.2 million in acquisition-related compensation costs, $0.4 million in acquisition-related transaction costs and a benefit of $0.5 million associated with other acquisition-related costs. Excluding the effects of these costs, SG&A increased $7.5 million, or 5%.
Animal Health SG&A increased $3.6 million primarily due to increased costs related to increased investments in marketing and product development. These increases were partially offset by close control of other spending and a reduction in variable compensation. Mineral Nutrition SG&A declined by $0.7 million on spending control. Performance Products SG&A declined $0.1 million. Corporate costs increased $4.7 million, primarily due to increased business development expenses and public company costs associated with strengthening and testing of controls over financial reporting, partially offset by a reduction in variable compensation. The restructuring-related costs, stock-based compensation, cancellation of a business arrangement, acquisition-related compensation costs and acquisition-related transaction costs resulted in a net $5.9 million increase in SG&A.
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded pre-tax charges of  $6.3 million for business restructuring activities related to productivity and cost saving initiatives in the Animal Health segment. The charges included $3.5 million related to termination of a contract manufacturing agreement and $2.8 million for employee separation costs. The charges are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We expect to record an additional charge for employee separation costs of an estimated $1.0 million and complete actions by December 31, 2019.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net of  $11.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2019, decreased $0.1 million, or 1%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018. Interest expense on the Term loan and Revolver increased $1.2 million due to higher debt levels and higher variable interest rates. Interest expense for the year ended June 30, 2018 included $1.1 million of acquisition-related accrued interest. Interest income from short-term investments improved by $0.2 million.
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Foreign currency (gains) losses, net
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net for the year ended June 30, 2019, amounted to net gains of $(0.1) million, as compared to $(1.1) million in net gains for the year ended June 30, 2018. Foreign currency gains and losses primarily arose from cash and intercompany balances.
Provision for income taxes
In December 2017, the United States government enacted comprehensive income tax legislation (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to United States income tax law and includes numerous elements that affect the Company, including a reduced federal corporate income tax rate of 21%, creating a territorial tax system that includes a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings and changes to business-related exclusions, deductions and credits. Our provision for income taxes reflects a statutory 21.0 % and 28.1% weighted-average federal income tax rate for our fiscal years ending June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Tax Act also has consequences related to our international operations.
The provision for income taxes, effective income tax rate and certain income tax items for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, are reflected in the table below:
For the Year Ended June 3020192018
(in thousands, except percentages)
Provision for income taxes$16,792$23,187
Effective income tax rate23.5%26.3%
Certain income tax items
Benefit from exercised employee stock options$(310)$(3,773)
Mandatory toll charge(360)403
Reduction of domestic deferred tax assets2,289
Reduction of foreign deferred tax assets1,156
Recognition of federal and foreign tax credits(1,417)(565)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income527
Release of unrecognized tax benefits(1,271)(994)
Total$(3,358)$(957)
Provision for income taxes, excluding certain items$20,150$24,144
Effective income tax rate, excluding certain items28.2%27.4%
The mandatory toll charge on deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries resulted from a one-time tax under the Tax Act.
The reduction of deferred tax assets resulted from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, to reflect the reduced federal statutory income tax rate under the Tax Act.
The reduction of foreign deferred tax assets resulted from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets, to reflect a reduced income tax rate in certain international jurisdictions.
The recognition of federal and foreign prior-year tax credits resulted from the implementation of the Tax Act.
The reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) reflected the reclassification of income taxes remaining in AOCI, after all related foreign currency derivatives had matured and were completely cleared from AOCI.
Net income
Net income of  $54.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2019, decreased $10.2 million, as compared to net income of $64.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2018. Operating income declined $15.7 million, driven by a decrease in gross profit of  $2.3 million and increased SG&A expenses of $13.4 million, including $6.3 million of restructuring costs. Foreign currency movements resulted in a
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reduction of foreign currency gains of  $1.0 million. These declines were partially offset by decreased income tax expense of $6.4 million. The year ended June 30, 2018 included additional income tax expense from the initial application of the comprehensive U.S. income tax legislation and certain other items.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA of  $118.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2019, decreased $10.9 million, or 8%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018. Animal Health Adjusted EBITDA declined $5.9 million compared to the prior year. Volume declines in the nutritional specialty and vaccine categories were partially offset by year over year international volume growth and favorable unit costs and product mix in MFAs and other. Investments in organization and business development were offset by close control of other spending and a reduction in variable compensation. Mineral Nutrition Adjusted EBITDA decreased $2.9 million, or 15%, due to the effect of unfavorable product mix and constrained pricing in a competitive environment. Performance Products Adjusted EBITDA increased $2.8 million, primarily due to sales volume growth, favorable product mix and manufacturing efficiencies. Corporate expenses increased $5.0 million due to increased business development expenses and public company costs associated with strengthening and testing of controls over financial reporting, partially offset by a reduction in variable compensation.
Comparison of the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
Net sales
Net sales of  $820.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2018, increased $55.7 million, or 7%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2017. Each of the segments contributed to the sales growth. Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products grew $34.0 million, $16.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively.
Animal Health
Net sales of  $531.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2018, grew $34.0 million, or 7%. Net sales of MFAs and other grew $15.2 million, or 5%. International net sales of MFAs and other increased $29.3 million due to growth across most regions, notably due to additional penetration in the cattle sector, plus favorable seasonal demand for certain products and the incremental benefit of a recent acquisition. Domestic net sales of MFAs and other declined $14.1 million due to $5.9 million lower sales of medically important antimicrobials and lower volumes of certain antibacterial and anticoccidial products. We believe domestic sales of medically important antimicrobials have stabilized at current levels. Net sales of nutritional specialty products grew $11.7 million, or 11%, primarily due to volume growth of our products for the poultry and swine industries. The vaccine sales growth included the effect of products acquired from MVP Laboratories, Inc.dairy industries in January 2016 being includedvarious international countries and in the full year ended June 30, 2017. MFAs and other declined $18.5United States. Net sales of vaccines grew $7.1 million, or 5%11%, primarily due to volume declines. Domestic net sales of MFAs and other declined $13.8 million as reduced volumes of medically important antimicrobials,growth in international markets; domestic growth was moderate due to regulatory changes and consumer preferences, were partially offset by growth in other products. International net sales declined $4.7 million due to economic conditions in Brazil, partially offset by growth in other regions.reduced disease pressure.
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Mineral Nutrition
Net sales of  $218.3$234.9 million increased $1.6$16.6 million, or 1%8%, for the year ended June 30, 2017.2018. The increased revenue primarily was primarily due todriven by higher volumes. The increase in volumes was partially offset by lower average selling prices, resulting fromconsistent with the underlying raw material commodity price declines.increases.
Performance Products
Net sales of  $48.2$53.3 million decreased $0.5increased $5.1 million, or 1%11%, for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, primarily due to lower average selling prices of personal care ingredients and lowerincreased volumes of copper-based products and chemical catalyst products, partially offset by higher volumes ofingredients used in personal care ingredients.products and higher average selling prices of copper-based products.
Gross profit
Gross profit of  $248.2$266.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, increased $9.2$18.6 million, or 4%8%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2016.2017. Gross profit increased to 32.5%as a percentage of net sales for the year ended June 30, 2017, as compared to 31.8% for2018, was in-line with the prior year at 32.5%. The year ended June 30, 2016. The increase2018, included the effect of $2.6$1.7 million
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of acquisition-related cost of goods sold recorded for the year ended June 30, 2016. Depreciation and amortization expense included in cost of goods sold increased $3.4 million due to recent capital expenditures and the MVP acquisition.sold. Excluding the effects of the 2016 acquisition-related cost of goods sold, and the increased depreciation and amortization, Animal Health gross profit increased $7.4$19.7 million due to volume growth in international MFAs and other and nutritional specialty and vaccine products, as well as lower unit costs from improved operating efficiencies, partially offset by volume declines in domestic MFAs and other sales and short-term cost increases in the production of certain vaccine products. The declines in domestic MFAs and other sales were primarily driven by medically important antimicrobials. Favorable international demand for certain MFAs and other products and overall lower unit costs from improved manufacturing efficiencies for certain products also contributed to the gross profit increase. Mineral Nutrition gross profit increased $2.4$1.1 million due to lowervolume growth, favorable product mix and higher average selling prices, partially offset by higher raw material costs. Performance Products gross profit decreased $0.5 million due to higher raw material costs, partially offset by lower average selling prices. Performance Products gross profit increased $0.1 million due to higher volumes of personal care ingredients and higher average selling prices of copper-based products, partially offset by lower average selling prices of personal care ingredients.products.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A of  $150.3$168.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2017, decreased $3.02018, increased $17.6 million, or 2%12%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2016.2017. SG&A for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, included acquisition-related transaction costs of  $0.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2017, included a $1.7 million charge for a partial settlement of the following unusual items:

pension plan and a $7.5 million gain from a payment to us by an insurance carrier. The payment reflected the settlement of our claims against the carrier under our liability insurance policies, which arose from damages incurred in fiscal year 2010 by certain customers resulting from the use of one of our animal health products;

$1.7 million in costs relating to the partial settlement of the pension plan;

$1.3 million in acquisition-related transaction costs for professional fees and other items in the evaluation and negotiation of an unsuccessful acquisition; and,

a $1.0 million gain from the net effect of acquisition-related adjustments to contingent consideration and impairments of intangible assets.
SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2016, included $0.6 million in acquisition-related transaction costs. Without the gain on the insurance settlement, the pension settlement costs and the acquisition-relatedsettlement. Excluding these items, SG&A increased $3.1$12.7 million or 2%, for the year.8%.
Animal Health SG&A increased $4.2$8.3 million as compared to the prior year, driven by sales force expansioninvestments in product and development costs.organizational development. A recent acquisition also contributed to the Animal Health increase. Mineral Nutrition decreased $0.1 million dueSG&A costs were flat compared to one-time costs in the prior year. Performance Products SG&A decreased $0.8$0.2 million. Excluding the acquisition-related transaction costs, the pension settlement cost and the insurance settlement gain, Corporate SG&A increased $4.6 million primarily due to lower environmental costs. Corporate decreased $0.1 million primarily due to lower retirement plan costs.increased employee-related costs and higher professional and business development fees, partially offset by reduced pension expense.
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Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net of  $14.9$11.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, decreased $1.7$3.0 million, or 10%20%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2016.2017. Interest expense decreased $3.3 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower interest rates from the new Credit Facilities completed in June 2017. Interest income increased $1.7decreased $0.3 million fromdue to less interest income on deposits in foreign jurisdictions. Interest expense was level with the prior year, as increased interest relating to the Credit Facilities due to higher rates and increased size of the facility, was offset by other items.
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, amounted to net gains of $0.1($1.1) million, as compared to $7.6 million in net gains of  ($0.1) million for the year ended June 30, 2016. Foreign2017. The net foreign currency gains induring the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, primarily were primarily due todriven by the movement of the South African, Turkishcurrencies of Turkey, Brazil, Argentina and Israeli currenciesMexico relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency gains and losses primarily arise from intercompany balances.
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended June 30, 2017, included a $2.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt for unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount related to retired debt.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
In December 2017, the United States government enacted comprehensive income tax legislation (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to United States income tax law and includes numerous elements that affect the Company, including a reduced federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, creating a territorial tax system that includes a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings and changes to business-related exclusions, deductions and credits. Our provision for income taxes reflects a statutory 28.1% weighted-average federal income tax rate for our fiscal year ending 2018. The Tax Act also has consequences related to our international operations.
As of June 30, 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the effects of the Tax Act. As such, we could adjust such amounts in the future if additional new information so requires.
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The provision for income taxes, effective income tax rate and certain income tax items for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, are reflected in the table below:
For the Year Ended June 3020182017
(in thousands, except percentages)
Provision for income taxes$23,187$15,928
Effective income tax rate
26.3%
19.8%
Certain income tax items
Benefit from exercised employee stock options .$(3,773)$(3,096)
Mandatory toll charge403
Reduction of domestic deferred tax assets2,289
Reduction of foreign deferred tax assets1,156
Recognition of foreign tax credits(565)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income527
Release of unrecognized tax benefits(994)(500)
Release of foreign valuation allowance(4,118)
Total$(957)$(7,714)
Provision for income taxes, excluding certain items$24,144$23,642
Effective income tax rate, excluding certain items
27.4%
29.3%
The mandatory toll charge on deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries resulted from a one-time tax under the Tax Act.
The reduction of deferred tax assets resulted from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, to reflect the reduced federal statutory income tax rate under the Tax Act.
The reduction of foreign deferred tax assets resulted from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets, to reflect a reduced income tax rate in certain international jurisdictions.
The recognition of foreign tax credits resulted from the recognition of prior-year credits that became available to be applied against current year federal income taxes.
The reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) reflected the reclassification of income taxes remaining in AOCI, after all related foreign currency derivatives had matured and were completely cleared from AOCI.
The release of a foreign valuation allowance related to a foreign subsidiary. During the year ended June 30, 2017, we concluded it was $15.9more likely than not that the value of the deferred tax assets would be realized.
Net income
Net income of  $64.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, increased $0.3 million, as compared to an income tax benefit of  $(6.0) million for the year ended June 30, 2016. The effective income tax rates for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, were 19.8% and (7.8)%, respectively. The provisions for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, included benefits of $4.1 million and $19.6 million, respectively, from the release of valuation allowances for certain foreign and all domestic deferred income taxes, benefits of  $3.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively, from the exercise of employee stock options and benefits of  $0.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, from the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits. Without these benefits, the effective income tax rates for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, would have been 29.3% and 28.6%, respectively.
Our future effective income tax rate may fluctuate due to various factors, including the relative amounts of income earned in different taxing jurisdictions, changes in statutory tax rates, potential strategies to reduce our overall income tax expense, discrete items, the benefit of employee stock option exercises and certain non-deductible items.
Net income
Netnet income of  $64.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2017, decreased $18.12017. The increase was primarily driven by lower interest expense of  $3.0 million, as compared to nethigher operating income of  $82.7$1.0 million and increased foreign currency gains of  $0.9 million. Additionally, the prior year included a $2.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt. These increases were almost entirely offset by increased tax expense of  $7.3 million. The change in operating income was influenced by infrequent items including: current-year acquisition-related cost of goods sold; prior-year gain from an insurance settlement; prior-year cost of a partial pension settlement; and the net effect of acquisition-related transaction costs, as previously discussed. Excluding the impacts of these items, operating income would have increased $7.6 million or 8%, driven by sales growth and gross profit expansion, partially offset by increased SG&A expenses for product and organizational investments to drive future growth.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA of  $129.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2016. The decrease was a result of the factors described above, including a $19.6 million income tax benefit in the prior year period, an unfavorable change of $7.5 million in foreign currency (gains) losses, net, a $2.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt and the favorable $7.5 million gain on insurance settlement.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA of $120.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, increased $6.1$8.8 million, or 5%7%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2016.2017. Animal Health Adjusted EBITDA increased $2.8$11.7 million, or 2%9%, due to sales growth and increased gross profit, partially offset by increased SG&A. Mineral Nutrition Adjusted EBITDA increased $2.5 million, or 16%, due to improved operating margins from lower raw material costs, partially offset by lower average selling prices. Performance Products Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.1 million, due to higher volumes and lower product costs, partially offset by lower average selling prices. Corporate expenses increased $0.3 million due to increased compensation and benefit costs and business development costs.
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Pension Plan and Retirement Savings Plan Changes
In July 2016, we amended our domestic noncontributory defined benefit pension plan to eliminate credit for future service and compensation increases, effective as of September 30, 2016. The amendment resulted in a curtailment of the pension plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a pension curtailment gain of $6.8 million in other comprehensive income and an offsetting reduction in the liability for pension benefits included in other liabilities. We also modified the 401(k) retirement savings plan effective October 1, 2016, to include, for all domestic employees, a non-elective Company contribution of 3% of compensation and an additional discretionary contribution of up to 4% of compensation, depending on the employee’s age and years of service.
Separately, we offered a lump sum settlement option to certain pension plan participants. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a partial settlement of the pension plan with respect to the lump sum settlement, which resulted in a charge to the consolidated statement of operations of  $1.7 million, which we recorded as a component of SG&A.
Comparison of fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
Our results for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 included $8.0 million of revenue and income from milestone payments for licensing of vaccine delivery technology. For a better understanding of underlying trends, we also present comparisons with 2015 that exclude the prior year milestone payments.
Net sales
Net sales of $751.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2016Mineral Nutrition Adjusted EBITDA increased $2.9$1.2 million, or less than 1%7%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2015. Animal Health grew $15.3 million, while Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products declined $10.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue, net sales increased $10.9 million, or 1%.
Animal Health
Net sales of $486.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2016 grew $15.3 million, or 3%. The growth was primarily due to volume increases across all product groups within the segment. Nutritional specialty products grew $12.4 million, or 15%, primarily due to U.S. and E.U. volume growth of our products for the dairy and poultry industries. MFAs and other grew $4.2 million, or 1%, primarily due to volume growth, in international markets, which offset declines in domestic volumes. Vaccines declined $1.2 million, or 2%, due to the $8.0 million in vaccine licensing milestone revenue recorded in the prior year. Excluding the prior year $8.0 million in vaccine licensing milestone revenue, vaccines grew $6.8 million, or 15%, principally from volume growth, including sales of MVP products.
Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue, net sales grew $23.3 million, or 5%.
Mineral Nutrition
Net sales of $216.7 million decreased $10.4 million, or 5%, for the year ended June 30, 2016. The decrease is due to lowerfavorable product mix and higher average selling prices, partially offset by higher raw material costs. Performance Products Adjusted EBITDA declined $0.2 million, due to underlyinghigher raw material commodity price declines. Increased volumes from improved demand for trace mineral productscosts, partially offset the lower average selling prices.
Performance Products
Net sales of  $48.7 million decreased $2.0 million, or 4%, for the year ended June 30, 2016, due to lowerby higher average selling prices of copper-based products and personal care ingredients and lower volumes of chemical catalyst products.
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Gross profit
Gross profit of $239.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2016 increased $5.8 million, or 2%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2015. Gross profit increased to 31.8% of net sales for the year ended June 30, 2016 as compared to 31.2% for the year ended June 30, 2015. Animal Health gross profit increased $6.8 million due to volume growth, lower unit costs from improved operating efficiencies and favorable currency movements. Current year Animal Health gross profit was reduced by $2.6 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold, unfavorable vaccine manufacturing costs related to production interruptions, $1.2 million of acquisition-related intangible amortization and $1.1 million of increased depreciation expense due to recent capital expenditures. Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue and gross profit and excluding the current year $2.6 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold, Animal Health gross profit increased $17.4 million, or 9%. Mineral Nutrition gross profit increased $0.3 million due to lower material costs, partially offset by lower average selling price. Performance Products gross profit decreased $1.3 million due to lower average selling prices of copper-based products and personal care ingredients, partially offset by lower material costs.
Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue and gross profit, the current year $2.6 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold and acquisition-related amortization for each year, gross profit increased $17.6 million, or 8%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A expenses of $153.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2016 increased $7.7 million, or 5%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2015. Animal Health accounted for $4.9 million of the increase, driven by increased acquisition-related accrued compensation and increased sales force and product development costs. Performance Products account for $0.6 of the increase due to higher environmental remediation costs. Corporate expenses accounted for $2.4 million of the increase, due to acquisition-related transaction costs and increased compensation and office-related costs.
Excluding acquisition-related intangible amortization, accrued compensation and transaction costs for each year, SG&A increased $6.4 million, or 4%.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net of $16.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2016, increased $2.3 million or 16%, compared to the year ended June 30, 2015. The increase is due to interest on increased borrowings under our Revolver and increased acquisition-related accrued interest of $0.9 million.
Excluding acquisition-related accrued interest for each year, interest expense, net increased $1.4 million or 10%.
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net for the year ended June 30, 2016 amounted to net gains of $7.6 million, as compared to $5.4 million in net gains for the year ended June 30, 2015. Foreign currency gains in the year ended June 30, 2016 were primarily due to the movement of Brazil, Mexico, South Africa and Argentina currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency gains and losses primarily arise from intercompany balances.
Provision for income taxes
The provision for income taxes was an income tax benefit of  $(6.0) million for the year ended June 30, 2016, as compared to a provision of  $18.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2015. The effective income tax rates for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, were (7.8)% and 23.5%, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the year ended June 30, 2016, included a benefit of  $19.6 million from the release of the valuation allowance for all domestic deferred income taxes and a benefit of  $3.5 million from the exercise of employee stock options. The provisions for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, included benefits of  $4.8 million and $1.2 million from the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits, respectively. Without these benefits, the effective income tax rates for the years
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ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, would have been 28.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the year ended June 30, 2016, compared with the prior year, increased primarily because there was no domestic income tax provision for the year ended June 30, 2015, due to the change in the domestic valuation allowance related to the utilization of deferred tax assets.
Net income (loss)
Net income of $82.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2016, increased $22.4 million, compared to net income of  $60.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2015, as a result of the factors described above.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA of $114.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2016 increased $4.0 million, or 4%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2015. Animal Health adjusted EBITDA increased $7.2 million, or 6%, due to sales growth and increased gross profit, partially offset by increased SG&A expenses. Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue, Animal Health adjusted EBITDA increased $15.2 million, or 14%. Mineral Nutrition increased $0.5 million, or 4%, due to improved operating margins from lower material costs, partially offset by lower average selling prices. Performance Products decreased $1.7 million, or 63%, due to lower average selling prices and higher SG&A costs. Corporate expenses increased $2.0$3.8 million due to increased compensationemployee-related costs and office-related costs.
Excluding the prior year $8.0 million of vaccine licensing milestone revenue, adjusted EBITDA increased $12.0 million, or 12%.higher professional and business development fees, partially offset by reduced pension expense.
Analysis of financial condition, liquidity and capital resources
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents was:
Change
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017/20162016/2015
(in thousands)
Cash provided by/(used in):
Operating activities$98,385$37,218$68,704$61,167$(31,486)
Investing activities(21,942)(82,791)(34,464)60,849(48,327)
Financing activities(53,738)50,380(15,351)(104,118)65,731
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents
(227)(418)(1,494)1911,076
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$22,478$4,389$17,395$18,089$(13,006)
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Change
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)
Cash provided by/(used in):
Operating activities$47,169$70,008$98,385$(22,839)$(28,377)
Investing activities(14,133)(84,612)(21,942)70,479(62,670)
Financing activities(4,107)(11,775)(53,738)7,66841,963
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(524)(536)(227)12(309)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$28,405$(26,915)$22,478$55,320$(49,393)
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities was comprised of:
ChangeChange
For the Years Ended June 302017201620152017/20162016/2015
For the Year Ended June 302019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)(in thousands)
EBITDA$121,450$116,805$114,672$4,645$2,133$110,845$126,923$121,450$(16,078)$5,473
Adjustments
Restructuring costs6,2816,281
Stock-based compensation2,2593341,925334
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,566(2,566)2,5661,671(1,671)1,671
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,6807479331,1521,680(1,152)(528)
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,2746186566182134001,274(187)(874)
Acquisition-related other, net(972)(972)(468)(972)468504
Other, net(1,506)(1,506)
Pension settlement cost1,7021,7021,702(1,702)
Recovery of insurance claim(7,500)(7,500)
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)7,500
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)(5,400)7,496(2,209)(55)(1,054)(113)999(941)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,5982,5982,598(2,598)
Interest paid(14,600)(14,215)(12,912)(385)(1,303)(12,250)(11,208)(14,600)(1,042)3,392
Income taxes paid(14,762)(16,828)(10,780)2,066(6,048)(16,215)(15,191)(14,762)(1,024)(429)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other items1,402(45,181)(12,337)46,583(32,844)(42,190)(32,151)1,402(10,039)(33,553)
Cash provided by (used for) gain (loss) on insurance settlement (claim)7,500(5,286)7,5005,286
Cash provided by insurance settlement7,500(7,500)
Cash used for acquisition-related transaction costs(1,274)(618)(656)(618)(213)(400)(1,274)187874
Net cash provided (used) by operating
activities
$98,385$37,218$68,704$61,167$(31,486)
Net cash provided by operating activities$47,169$70,008$98,385$(22,839)$(28,377)
Certain amounts may reflect rounding adjustments.
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $47.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Cash provided by net income, adjusted for the effect of non-cash charges, was partially offset by $35.9 million of
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cash used in the ordinary course of business for changes in operating assets and liabilities. Accounts receivable used $23.7 million of cash, primarily due to the timing of sales and collections in international regions. Increased inventories used $21.0 million of cash due to the timing of sales, purchases and production, primarily in our Animal Health segment. Prepaid expenses and other current assets used $7.5 million of cash due to the timing of payments. Cash used was partially offset by $16.2 million of cash provided by accounts payable and accrued expenses, including $5.6 million of accrued restructuring costs.
For the year ended June 30, 2017,2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $98.4$70.0 million. Cash provided by net income, adjusted for the effect of non-cash charges, was partially offset by $33.9 million primarily attributable to operating income of $97.9 million and increasescash used in the ordinary course of business for changes in operating assets and liabilities of  $1.4 million. Decreasedliabilities. Increased inventories provided $5.4used $24.3 million of cash due to increased commodity costs of mineral nutrition products and the timing of sales, purchases and reduced production. Accounts payable and accrued expenses provided $3.2production of inventory in our Animal Health segment. In addition, the increase in accounts receivable of  $11.9 million of cashwas primarily due to timing of purchases. Prepaid expenses and other current assets used $3.0 million of cash due to timing of payments for insurance premiums and other receivables.
For the year ended June 30, 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $37.2 million, primarily attributable to operating profit of  $85.7 million. Increased inventories used $16.4 million of cash due to timing of purchases and production. Accounts receivable used $13.1 million due to sales growth during the proportion of international sales andfourth quarter compared with the timing of customer orders. Other assets used $6.5 million mainly due to an increase in long-term deposits. Accrued expenses and other liabilities used $7.2 million principally due to funding of retirement plans.prior year.
Investing activities
For the year ended June 30, 2017, netNet cash used in investing activities was $21.9 million.$14.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Capital expenditures were $20.9$29.9 million as we continued to investinvested in our existing asset base and for capacity expansion and productivity improvements. Other investing activitiesCash used $1.1for business acquisitions was $9.8 million. Maturities of short-term investments provided $26.0 million of cash.
For the year ended June 30, 2016, netNet cash used in investing activities was $82.8 million. Capital$84.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2018. We purchased $50.0 million of short-term investments. We used $18.6 million for capital expenditures were $36.4 million as we continued to investinvested in our existing asset base and for capacity expansion and productivity improvements. The MVPWe used $15.0 million for the acquisition of a business. Other investing activities used $46.6$1.0 million of cash.
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Financing activities
For the year ended June 30, 2017, netNet cash used by financing activities was $53.7 million.$4.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. We paid $38.2 million in net reductions of our debt, including the revolving credit facility and term loans. We received $5.5 million from the issuance of common shares related to the exercise of stock options. We paid $15.8$18.6 million in dividends to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. We paid $3.9$12.6 million in deferred financing cost relating to the refinancingscheduled debt and paid $1.3other requirements. Net borrowings on our Revolver provided cash of  $26.0 million in payments for contingent consideration.
For the year ended June 30, 2016, net cash provided by financing activities was $50.4 million. We had net borrowings from our Revolving Credit Facility of $66.0 million. We received $4.0 million fromand the issuance of common shares related to the exercise of employee stock options. Partially offsettingoptions provided cash of $1.1 million.
Net cash used by financing activities was $11.8 million for the cash provided were $2.9 million in scheduled payments on our Term B Loan, $1.0 million in payments for contingent consideration and $15.7year ended June 30, 2018. We paid $16.1 million in dividends paid to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. We paid $6.4 million in scheduled debt and other requirements. Net borrowings on our Revolver provided cash of  $5.0 million and the issuance of common shares related to the exercise of employee stock options provided cash of $5.7 million.
Liquidity and capital resources
We believe our cash on hand, our operating cash flows and our financing arrangements, including the availability of borrowings under the Revolver and foreign credit lines, will be sufficient to support our futureongoing cash needs. Our operating plan projects adequate liquidity throughout the year. However, we can provide no assurance that our liquidity and capital resources will be adequate for future funding requirements. We believe we will be able to comply with the terms of the covenants under the Credit Facilities and foreign credit lines based on our operating plan. In the event of adverse operating results and/or violation of covenants under the facilities, there can be no assurance we would be able to obtain waivers or amendments. Other risks to our meeting future funding requirements include global economic conditions and macroeconomic, business and financial disruptions that could arise. There can be no assurance that thea challenging economic environment or an economic downturn would not impactaffect our liquidity or our ability to obtain future financing. In addition, our debt covenants may restrict our ability to invest. During fiscalthe year 2017,ended June 30, 2019, we spent approximately $20.1$29.3 million on capital expenditures, primarily on the expansion of our production capacity.expenditures. We expect our capital expenditures will total approximately $28.0$45 million in fiscalthe year 2018,ending June 30, 2020, primarily in our Animal Health segment, including for the expansion of production capacity, and manufacturing efficiencies and compliance with environmental, health and safety regulations. We utilized availability under the Revolver to fund $55 million cash paid for the acquisition of Osprey Biotechnics in our Animal Health segment.August 2019.
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Certain relevant measures of our liquidity and capital resources follow:
ChangeChange
As of June 302017201620152017/20162016/20152019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands, except ratios)(in thousands, except ratios)
Cash and cash equivalents$56,083$33,605$29,216$22,478$4,389
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments$81,573$79,168$56,083$2,405$23,085
Working capital$198,036$203,356$175,988$(5,320)$27,368242,902205,651198,03637,2517,615
Ratio of current assets to current liabilities2.81:12.92:12.62:12.71:12.57:12.81:1
We define working capital as total current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents)equivalents and short-term investments) less total current liabilities (excluding current portion of long-term debt). We calculate the ratio of current assets to current liabilities based on this definition.
At June 30, 2017,2019, we had $65.0$96.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility.Revolver. We had outstanding letters of credit and other commitments of  $6.0$3.0 million, leaving $179.0$151.0 million available for borrowings and letters of credit. In addition, we had availability totaling $13.6 million under our Israeli loan agreements.
We currently intend to pay quarterly dividends representing $16.0 million annually on our Class A and Class B common stock, subject to approval from the Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of  $0.10$0.12 per share on Class A common stock and Class B common stock that is payable on September 27, 2017.25, 2019. Our future ability to pay dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant. Additionally, the terms of our current and any future agreements governing our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions.
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At June 30, 2017,2019, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments included $55.2$80.2 million held by our international subsidiaries. There are no restrictions on cash distributions to PAHC from our international subsidiaries. Based onThe undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. If amounts are repatriated for certain of our operating plan,foreign subsidiaries we could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes in international jurisdictions. We consider these fundsundistributed earnings of such foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in our international operations. Should our plans change and we decide to repatriate some or all of the remaining cash held by our international subsidiaries, the amounts repatriated would be subject to federal and state income taxes at statutory rates, with the potential for partial offsetting credits for taxes paid to international jurisdictions.
Analysis of the consolidated balance sheets
ChangeChange
As of June 302017201620152017/20162016/20152019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Accounts receivable–trade$125,847$123,790$111,099$2,057$12,691$159,022$135,742$125,847$23,280$9,895
DSO585954705858
Payment terms outside the U.S. are typically longer than in the United States. We regularly monitor our accounts receivable for collectability, particularly in countries where economic conditions remain uncertain. We believe that our allowance for doubtful accounts is appropriate. Our assessment is based on such factors as past due history, historical and expected collection patterns, the financial condition of our customers, the robust nature of our credit and collection practices and the economic environment. We calculate DSO based on a 360-day year and compare accounts receivable with sales for the quarter ending at the balance sheet date.
ChangeChange
As of June 302017201620152017/20162016/20152019201820172019/20182018/2017
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Inventories$161,233$167,691$149,786$(6,458)$17,905$198,322$178,170$161,233$20,152$16,937
Inventory decreasedincreased by $6.5$20.2 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to decreasestiming of sales, purchases and production of inventory in theour Animal Health segment from the timing of purchases and production.additional inventory in our Performance Products segment to meet projected customer demand.
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Contractual obligations
Payments due under contractual obligations as of June 30, 2017,2019, were:
YearsYears
Within 1Over 1 to 3Over 3 to 5Over 5TotalWithin 1Over 1 to 3Over 3 to 5Over 5Total
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Long-term debt (including current portion)$6,250$25,000$218,750$$250,000$12,540$218,750$$$231,290
Revolving credit facility65,00065,00096,00096,000
Interest payments10,76520,64918,76950,18312,10022,26134,361
Lease commitments5,3638,5566,2632,60722,7895,8157,3512,30976516,240
Contingent consideration on acquisitions7014015,4523,21418,876
Acquisition-related consideration70140140140490
Other1,9907921982,980
Total contractual obligations$22,448$54,345$324,234$5,821$406,848$32,515$345,294$2,647$905$381,361
For purposes of estimating interest payments, we assumed long termlong-term debt will decrease in accordance with the scheduled payments and the Revolver continues unchanged at the June 30, 2017,2019, balance. We assumed future interest rates are the interest rate swap will be effective for $150 million of debt and the floating interest rate and the applicable interest rate are equal tosame as the rates at June 30, 2017.2019.
Excluded from the contractual obligations table is the liability for unrecognized tax benefits totaling $6.8$7.1 million. This liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded because we cannot make a reliable estimate of the periods in which the liability will be realized.
Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of  $0.10$0.12 per share on Class A common stock and Class B common stock, representing $4.0$4.9 million, payable on September 27, 2017.25, 2019.
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The Company expects to contribute approximately $4.1$0.7 million to the domestic pension plan during 2018.2020.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
We do not currently use off-balance sheet arrangements for the purpose of credit enhancement, hedging transactions, investment or other financial purposes.
In the ordinary course of business, we may indemnify our counterparties against certain liabilities that may arise. These indemnifications typically pertain to environmental matters. If the indemnified party were to make a successful claim pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, we would be required to reimburse the loss. These indemnifications generally are subject to certain restrictions and limitations.
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Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
To facilitate quarterly comparisons, the following unaudited information presents the quarterly results of operations, including segment data, for the years ended June 30, 20172019 and 2016.2018. This quarterly financial data was prepared on the same basis as, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein.
QuartersYearQuartersYear
For the Periods Ended
September 30,
2016
December 31,
2016
March 31,
2017
June 30,
2017
June 30,
2017
September 30,
2018
December 31,
2018
March 31,
2019
June 30,
2019
June 30,
2019
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Net sales
MFAs and other$87,004$93,054$84,095$86,315$350,468
Nutritional Specialties26,97029,46028,22728,558113,215
Vaccines17,21517,04816,86717,16168,291
Animal Health$124,501$123,673$120,976$128,595$497,745$131,189$139,562$129,189$132,034$531,974
Mineral Nutrition51,59256,69957,16952,838218,29854,83862,31960,65355,972233,782
Performance Products11,89411,22611,71613,40248,23814,12616,34215,89415,87762,239
Total net sales187,987191,598189,861194,835764,281200,153218,223205,736203,883827,995
Cost of goods sold126,988128,100129,241131,709516,038134,348149,579140,864��138,580563,371
Gross profit60,99963,49860,62063,126248,24365,80568,64464,87265,303264,624
Selling, general and administrative
expenses
39,18640,87030,64639,607150,30942,95242,93842,30453,204181,398
Operating income21,81322,62829,97423,51997,93422,85325,70622,56812,09983,226
Interest expense, net3,9073,8723,9293,19814,9062,7833,0152,9313,04711,776
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net334(548)(403)504(113)(2,635)2,617122(159)(55)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,5982,598
Income before income taxes17,57219,30426,44817,21980,54322,70520,07419,5159,21171,505
Provision (benefit) for income taxes5,3955,8872,8051,84115,928
Provision for income taxes6,3915,3264,66640916,792
Net income$12,177$13,417$23,643$15,378$64,615$16,314$14,748$14,849$8,802$54,713
Net income per share
basic$0.31$0.34$0.60$0.39$1.63$0.40$0.37$0.37$0.22$1.35
diluted$0.31$0.34$0.59$0.38$1.61$0.40$0.36$0.37$0.22$1.35
Adjusted EBITDA
Animal Health$32,619$34,609$31,806$31,227$130,261$35,716$35,925$33,241$31,167$136,049
Mineral Nutrition3,9884,7414,3434,35417,4262,5634,0845,2873,77815,712
Performance Products7422604466092,0577161,5141,3301,1684,728
Corporate(7,524)(8,416)(6,859)(6,826)(29,625)(8,886)(9,918)(9,850)(9,798)(38,452)
Adjusted EBITDA$29,825$31,194$29,736$29,364$120,119$30,109$31,605$30,008$26,315$118,037
Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA
Net income$12,177$13,417$23,643$15,378$64,615$16,314$14,748$14,849$8,802$54,713
Interest expense, net3,9073,8723,9293,19814,9062,7833,0152,9313,04711,776
Provision (benefit) for income taxes5,3955,8872,8051,84115,928
Provision for income taxes6,3915,3264,66640916,792
Depreciation and amortization6,3186,4446,8426,39726,0016,6916,8416,8757,15727,564
EBITDA27,79729,62037,21926,814121,45032,17929,93029,32119,415110,845
Acquisition-related accrued compensation4204204204201,680
Restructuring costs6,2816,281
Stock-based compensation5655645655652,259
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,2741,274213213
Acquisition-related other, net(972)(972)
Pension settlement cost1,7021,702
Gain on insurance claim(7,500)(7,500)
Other(1,506)(1,506)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net334(548)(403)504(113)(2,635)2,617122(159)(55)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,5982,598
Adjusted EBITDA$29,825$31,194$29,736$29,364$120,119$30,109$31,605$30,008$26,315$118,037
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QuartersYearQuartersYear
For the Periods Ended
September 30,
2015
December 31,
2015
March 31,
2016
June 30,
2016
June 30,
2016
September 30,
2017
December 31,
2017
March 31,
2018
June 30,
2018
June 30,
2018
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Net sales
MFAs and other$79,603$82,018$82,935$92,110$336,666
Nutritional Specialties30,77732,62331,36628,212122,978
Vaccines18,46118,20418,00917,40972,083
Animal Health$120,134$121,504$118,328$126,174$486,140$128,841$132,845$132,310$137,731$531,727
Mineral Nutrition54,46958,85353,02950,334216,68552,07359,61662,93860,295234,922
Performance Products12,51711,41612,10412,66448,70112,49813,41513,66013,76053,333
Total net sales187,120191,773183,461189,172751,526193,412205,876208,908211,786819,982
Cost of goods sold127,913130,311124,671129,599512,494130,030138,957139,839144,277553,103
Gross profit59,20761,46258,79059,573239,03263,38266,91969,06967,509266,879
Selling, general and administrative
expenses
37,34938,84137,61939,479153,28840,99542,98142,57741,400167,953
Operating income21,85822,62121,17120,09485,74422,38723,93826,49226,10998,926
Interest expense, net3,8193,9674,2654,54116,5923,1183,0503,0642,67811,910
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(5,453)2,557(2,243)(2,470)(7,609)325(323)(960)(96)(1,054)
Income before income taxes23,49216,09719,14918,02376,76118,94421,21124,38823,52788,070
Provision (benefit) for income taxes4,739(14,081)5722,803(5,967)
Provision for income taxes3,05214,1794,5481,40823,187
Net income$18,753$30,178$18,577$15,220$82,728$15,892$7,032$19,840$22,119$64,883
Net income per share
basic$0.48$0.77$0.47$0.39$2.11$0.40$0.17$0.49$0.55$1.61
diluted$0.47$0.75$0.46$0.38$2.07$0.39$0.17$0.49$0.55$1.61
Adjusted EBITDA
Animal Health$31,476$32,351$32,151$31,464$127,442$33,742$35,036$36,292$36,844$141,914
Mineral Nutrition3,1604,1894,0123,61014,9713,7165,6145,3753,87818,583
Performance Products86(8)4904029702482643869831,881
Corporate(7,015)(8,098)(6,987)(7,223)(29,323)(7,589)(8,436)(8,650)(8,745)(33,420)
Adjusted EBITDA$27,707$28,434$29,666$28,253$114,060$30,117$32,478$33,403$32,960$128,958
Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA
Net income$18,753$30,178$18,577$15,220$82,728$15,892$7,032$19,840$22,119$64,883
Interest expense, net3,8193,9674,2654,54116,5923,1183,0503,0642,67811,910
Provision (benefit) for income taxes4,739(14,081)5722,803(5,967)
Provision for income taxes3,05214,1794,5481,40823,187
Depreciation and amortization5,4295,3935,8566,77423,4526,6446,6316,7516,91726,943
EBITDA32,74025,45729,27029,338116,80528,70630,89234,20333,122126,923
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold1,6019652,5662491,4221,671
Acquisition-related accrued compensation4204204204201,680437487160681,152
Acquisition-related transaction costs618618400400
Acquisition-related other, net(468)(468)
Stock-based compensation334334
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(5,453)2,557(2,243)(2,470)(7,609)325(323)(960)(96)(1,054)
Adjusted EBITDA$27,707$28,434$29,666$28,253$114,060$30,117$32,478$33,403$32,960$128,958
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General description of non-GAAP financial measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is an alternative view of performance used by management as our primary operating measure, and we believe that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by disclosing this performance measure. We report Adjusted EBITDA to portray the results of our operations prior to considering certain income statement elements. We have defined EBITDA as net income (loss) plus (i) interest expense, net, (ii) provision for income taxes or less benefit for income taxes, and (iii) depreciation and amortization. We have defined Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus (a) (income) loss from, and disposal of, discontinued operations, (b) other expense or less other income, as separately reported on our
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consolidated statements of operations, including foreign currency gains and losses and loss on extinguishment of debt, and (c) certain items that we consider to be unusual, non-operational or non-recurring. The Adjusted EBITDA measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP reported net income.
The Adjusted EBITDA measure is an important internal measurement for us. We measure our overall performance on this basis in conjunction with other performance metrics. The following are examples of how our Adjusted EBITDA measure is utilized:

senior management receives a monthly analysis of our operating results that is prepared on an Adjusted EBITDA basis;

our annual budgets are prepared on an Adjusted EBITDA basis; and

other goal setting and performance measurements are prepared on an Adjusted EBITDA basis.
Despite the importance of this measure to management in goal setting and performance measurement, Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that has no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, has limits in its usefulness to investors. Because of its non-standardized definition, Adjusted EBITDA, unlike GAAP net income, may not be comparable to the calculation of similar measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is presented to permit investors to more fully understand how management assesses performance.
We also recognize that, as an internal measure of performance, the Adjusted EBITDA measure has limitations, and we do not restrict our performance management process solely to this metric. A limitation of the Adjusted EBITDA measure is that it provides a view of our operations without including all events during a period, such as the depreciation of property, plant and equipment or amortization of purchased intangibles, and does not provide a comparable view of our performance to other companies.
Certain significant items
Adjusted EBITDA is calculated prior to considering certain items. We evaluate such items on an individual basis. Such evaluation considers both the quantitative and the qualitative aspect of their unusual or non-operational nature. Unusual, in this context, may represent items that are not part of our ongoing business; items that, either as a result of their nature or size, we would not expect to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis. An example
We consider business restructuring activities related to productivity and cost saving initiatives, including termination of ana contract manufacturing agreement and employee separation costs, to be unusual item is the lossitems that we do not expect to occur as part of our normal business on extinguishment of debt incurred in fiscal year 2017.a regular basis. We consider foreign currency gains and losses to be non-operational because they arise principally from intercompany transactions and are largely non-cash in nature.
New accounting standards
We adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), effective July 1, 2018.
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For discussion of new accounting standards, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”
Significant accounting policies and application of critical accounting estimates
In presenting our financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales, costs and expenses and related disclosures.
We believe that the following accounting policies are critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements as they require the application of the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments and, therefore, could have the greatest impact on our financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the products has transferred to the customer, typically when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where control of the underlying products transfers to the customer on shipment, while others have terms where control transfers to the customer on delivery.
Revenue reflects the total consideration to which we expect to be entitled, in exchange for delivery of products or services, net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, rebates and other volume-based incentives. We record reductions to revenue for estimated variable consideration at the time we record the sale. Our estimates for variable consideration primarily use the most-likely amount method. Such estimates are generally based on contractual terms and historical experience, and are adjusted to reflect future expectations as new information becomes available. Historically, we have not had significant adjustments to our estimates of customer incentives. Sales returns and product recalls have been insignificant and infrequent due to the nature of the products we sell.
Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. The associated costs are considered fulfillment activities, not additional promised services to the customer, and are included in costs of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations when the related revenue is recognized. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.
Acquisitions, Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Our consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business beginning as of the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition; goodwill is recorded for any excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired. Significant judgment is required to determine contingent consideration on acquisition, if
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any, and the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Accordingly, we typically obtain the assistance of third-party valuation specialists for significant tangible and intangible assets. The fair values are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain. We typically use an income method to measure the fair value of intangible assets, which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect a consideration of other marketplace participants, and include the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected growth rates and profitability), the underlying product or technology life cycles, economic barriers to entry and the discount rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. Our estimates of the useful lives of intangible assets are primarily based on a number of factors including competitive environment, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the products are sold. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Intangible assets associated with acquired in-process research and development activities (“IPR&D”) are not amortized until a product is available for sale and regulatory approval is obtained.
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Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain intangible assets related to technology within the Animal Health segment were impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $0.7 million as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no significant asset impairments or changes in estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived or amortizable intangible assets in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements prior to 2017.fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
We periodically review our indefinite life intangible assets associated with acquired IPR&D for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. During the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, we perform an annual impairment assessment. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain IPR&D within the Animal Health segment was impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.6 million as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not record any impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets in 2016 and 2015.fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for impairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2017,2019, we tested goodwill
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using a quantitative approach, which involved calculatingestimating fair values of reporting units using athe discounted cash flow method. We determined that goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.
We evaluate our investments in equity method investees for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the investment may be impaired. The assets underlying a $3.7$3.3 million equity investment are currently idled; we have concluded the investment is not currently impaired, based on expected future operating cash flows and/or disposal value.
Environmental Liabilities
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing pollution; protection of the environment; the use, management and release of hazardous materials, substances and wastes; air emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; water use, supply and discharge; the investigation and remediation of contamination; the manufacture, distribution, and sale of regulated materials, including pesticides; the importing, exporting and transportation of products; and the health and safety of our employees and the public. As such, the nature of our current and former operations and those of our subsidiaries expose us and our subsidiaries to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties and
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remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. We record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available.
Pension Liabilities
The measurement of our pension and postretirement benefit obligations are dependent on a variety of assumptions determined by management and used by our actuaries. These assumptions affect the amount and timing of future contributions and expenses. The Company reassesses its benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. The discount rate is evaluated on measurement dates and modified to reflect the prevailing market rate of a portfolio of high-quality fixed-income debt instruments that would provide the future cash flows needed to pay the benefits included in the benefit obligation as they come due. At June 30, 2017,2019, the discount rate for the Company’s U.S. pension plan benefit obligations was 3.9%3.6% compared to 3.9%4.2% at June 30, 2016.2018. The expected rate of return on plan assets of 6.1%4.9% represents the average rate of return expected to be earned on plan assets over the period the benefit obligations are expected to be paid. In developing the expected rate of return, the Company considers long-term compound annualized returns of historical market data as well as actual returns on the Company’s plan assets.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for sales of our goods upon transfer of title and when risk of loss passes to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where title and risk of loss transfer on shipment. Certain of our businesses have terms where title and risk of loss transfer on delivery. Recognition of revenue also requires that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the selling price is fixed or determinable, the collection of sales proceeds is reasonably assured and that we have no further performance obligations. We record reductions to revenue for the estimated costs of customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements and other volume-based incentives, at the time the sale is recorded. Net sales include royalty and licensing income from licensing agreements when all performance obligations have been met. Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. Delivery costs to our customers are included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax
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impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement or the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.
Significant judgment is required in determining our income tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, we may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.
We account for income tax contingencies using a benefit recognition model. If our initial assessment does not result in the recognition of a tax benefit, we regularly monitor our position and subsequently recognize the tax benefit if: (i) there are changes in tax law or there is new information that sufficiently raise the likelihood of prevailing on the technical merits of the position to “more likely than
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not;” (ii) the statute of limitations expires; or (iii) there is a completion of an audit resulting in a favorable settlement of that tax year with the appropriate agency. We regularly re-evaluate our tax positions based on the results of audits of federal, state and foreign income tax filings, statute of limitations expirations, and changes in tax law or receipt of new information that would either increase or decrease the technical merits of a position relative to the “more-likely-than-not” standard.
Our assessments concerning uncertain tax positions are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but our estimates of unrecognized tax benefits and potential tax benefits may not be representative of actual outcomes, and variation from such estimates could materially affect our financial statements in the period of settlement or when the statutes of limitations expire, as we treat these events as discrete items in the period of resolution. Finalizing audits with the relevant taxing authorities can include formal administrative and legal proceedings, and, as a result, it is difficult to estimate the timing and range of possible changes related to our uncertain tax positions, and such changes could be significant.
Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, certain future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.
We have not provided for United States or additional foreign taxes on certainconsider undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries which earnings have been or are intended to be indefinitely reinvested.reinvested in our international operations. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. Should our plans change and we decide to repatriate some or all of the remaining cash held by our international subsidiaries, the amounts repatriated could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes in international jurisdictions.
For more information regarding our significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”
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Contingencies
Legal matters
We are subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability and other product-related litigation, commercial litigation, environmental claims and proceedings and government investigations. Certain of these contingencies could result in losses, including damages, fines and/or civil penalties, and/or criminal charges, which could be substantial. We believe that we have strong defenses in these types of matters, but litigation is inherently unpredictable and excessive verdicts do occur. We do not believe that any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position. However, we could incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid and/or accrued.
We have accrued for losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Substantially all of these contingencies are subject to significant uncertainties and, therefore, determining the likelihood of a loss and/or the measurement of any loss can be complex. Consequently, we are unable to estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued. Our assessments are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions.
Environmental
Our operations and properties are subject to Environmental Laws and regulations. As such, the nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties, and remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. Under certain circumstances, we might be required to curtail operations until a particular problem is
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remedied. Known costs and expenses under Environmental Laws incidental to ongoing operations, including the cost of litigation proceedings relating to environmental matters, are generally included within operating results. Potential costs and expenses may also be incurred in connection with the repair or upgrade of facilities to meet existing or new requirements under Environmental Laws or to investigate or remediate potential or actual contamination and from time to time we establish reserves for such contemplated investigation and remediation costs. In many instances, the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred are difficult to predict.
While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring efforts to address contamination associated with historic operations of the sites. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under, and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the impact of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or the cost of compliance.
The nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to environmental matters and we cannot assure we will not incur material costs and liabilities in connection with such claims. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Commitments and Contingencies.”
For additional details, see “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.”
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Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Foreign exchange risk
Portions of our net sales and costs are exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our products are sold in more than 6575 countries and, as a result, our revenues are influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. AsBecause we operate in multiple foreign currencies, changes in those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may impactcould affect our revenue and expenses, and consequently, net income. Exchange rate fluctuations may also have an impacteffect beyond our reported financial results and directly impactaffect operations. These fluctuations may affect the ability to buy and sell our goods and services in markets affected by significant exchange rate variances.
Our primary foreign currency exposures are to the Brazilian and Israeli currencies. From time to time, we manage foreign exchange risk through the use of foreign currency derivative contracts. TheseWe use these contracts are used to offsetmitigate the potential earnings effects from exposure to foreign currencies.
OurWe analyzed our foreign currency derivative contracts at June 30, 2017, were analyzed2019 to determine their sensitivity to foreign exchange rate changes. The fair values of these instruments were determined using observable, Level 2, inputs. As of June 30, 2017, the sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of all foreign currency derivative contracts indicates that if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate or depreciate by 10%, the fair value of these contracts would decrease by $1.0$0.4 million or increase by $1.3$0.9 million. For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives.”
Interest rate risk
Substantially all of our outstanding debt is floating rate debt. Our Credit Facilities carry floating interest rates that are tied tobased on LIBOR and the Prime Rate; therefore, our profitability and cash flows are exposed to interest rate fluctuations. In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million of
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notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement. The interest rate swap agreement has been designated as a highly effective cash flow hedge.
Based on our outstanding debt balances as of June 30, 2017,2019, and considering the interest rate swap agreement, a 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would increase annual interest expense and decrease cash flows by $3.2$1.8 million. For additional details, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Debt.”
Debt” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives”.
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Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7981
8083
8184
8285
8386
8487
8588
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Phibro Animal Health Corporation:Corporation
In our opinion,Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiariesthe Company as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, and the results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 20172019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. TheseAlso in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO because material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to: (i) the Company not maintaining an effective control environment due to a lack of sufficient resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, which contributed to material weaknesses related to: (ii) the Company not designing and maintaining effective internal controls to ensure processing and reporting of valid transactions is complete, accurate, and timely and (iii) the Company not maintaining effective internal control that restricts access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users and ensures that appropriate segregation of duties is maintained.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above are described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the responsibilitynature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the June 30, 2019 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s management.internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express an opinionopinions on thesethe Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditaudits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includesmisstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also
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included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.opinions.
As discussedDefinition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in Note 2accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the consolidatedmaintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the year ended June 30, 2016company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company changedcompany; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the mannercompany’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in which it accounts for employee share-based payments.conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Florham Park, New Jersey
August 30, 2017
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales$764,281$751,526$748,591
Cost of goods sold516,038512,494515,311
Gross profit248,243239,032233,280
Selling, general and administrative expenses150,309153,288145,612
Operating income97,93485,74487,668
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,305
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)(5,400)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Income before income taxes80,54376,76178,763
Provision (benefit) for income taxes15,928(5,967)18,483
Net income$64,615$82,728$60,280
Net income per share
basic$1.63$2.11$1.55
diluted$1.61$2.07$1.51
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic39,52439,25438,969
diluted40,04239,96239,815
Dividends per share$0.40$0.40$0.40
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
(in thousands)
Net income$64,615$82,728$60,280
Change in fair value of derivative instruments314,197(1,928)
Foreign currency translation adjustment(1,652)(9,181)(31,314)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)12,918(11,093)(3,221)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(4,949)5,8924,923
Other comprehensive income (loss)6,348(10,185)(31,540)
Comprehensive income$70,963$72,543$28,740
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 3020172016
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$56,083$33,605
Accounts receivable, net125,847123,790
Inventories, net161,233167,691
Other current assets20,50217,745
Total current assets363,665342,831
Property, plant and equipment, net127,351127,323
Intangibles, net54,60260,095
Goodwill23,98221,121
Other assets53,79756,465
Total assets$623,397$607,835
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current portion of long-term debt$6,250$2,907
Accounts payable56,89460,167
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities52,65245,703
Total current liabilities115,796108,777
Revolving credit facility65,00069,000
Long-term debt241,891278,265
Other liabilities49,55361,313
Total liabilities472,240517,355
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 300,000,000 Class A
shares authorized, 19,249,132 and 18,519,757 shares issued
and outstanding at June 30, 2017, and June 30, 2016,
respectively; 30,000,000 Class B shares authorized, 20,626,836
and 20,887,811 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017,
and June 30, 2016, respectively
44
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 16,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Paid-in capital123,840118,299
Retained earnings82,75033,962
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(55,437)(61,785)
Total stockholders’ equity151,15790,480
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$623,397$607,835
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements27, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSOPERATIONS
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income$64,615$82,728$60,280
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization26,00123,45221,604
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount1,015989967
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,566
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,680747
Acquisition-related accrued interest1,3731,476613
Acquisition-related other, net(972)
Pension settlement cost1,702
Deferred income taxes(28)(22,244)4,761
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(867)(7,725)(3,376)
Other76535461
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(2,765)(13,086)(1,877)
Inventories, net5,432(16,439)(19,354)
Other current assets(3,012)4577,416
Other assets(1,504)(6,547)(4,236)
Accounts payable(3,119)(3,245)4,796
Accrued expenses and other liabilities5,471(7,198)(3,698)
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities98,38537,21868,704
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures(20,880)(36,352)(20,058)
Business acquisition(46,576)(10,377)
Other, net(1,062)137(4,029)
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities(21,942)(82,791)(34,464)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Revolving credit facility borrowings230,500255,50038,000
Revolving credit facility repayments(234,500)(189,500)(35,000)
Proceeds from long-term debt250,000
Payments of long-term debt, capital leases and other(285,527)(3,929)(4,090)
Debt issuance costs(3,925)
Proceeds from common shares issued5,5414,0171,334
Dividends paid(15,827)(15,708)(15,595)
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities(53,738)50,380(15,351)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(227)(418)(1,494)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents22,4784,38917,395
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period33,60529,21611,821
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$56,083$33,605$29,216
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid$14,600$14,215$12,912
Income taxes paid, net14,76216,82810,780
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Business acquisition4,156
Property, plant and equipment and capital lease additions1,5501,4381,193
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales$827,995$819,982$764,281
Cost of goods sold563,371553,103516,038
Gross profit264,624266,879248,243
Selling, general and administrative expenses181,398167,953150,309
Operating income83,22698,92697,934
Interest expense, net11,77611,91014,906
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(55)(1,054)(113)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Income before income taxes71,50588,07080,543
Provision for income taxes16,79223,18715,928
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Net income per share
basic$1.35$1.61$1.63
diluted$1.35$1.61$1.61
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic40,41240,18139,524
diluted40,52340,38540,042
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCOMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Shares of
Common
Stock
Common
Stock
Preferred
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
(in thousands, except share amounts)
As of June 30, 201438,791,553$   4$   —$132,453$(97,248)$(20,060)$15,149
Comprehensive income (loss)60,280(31,540)28,740
Exercise of stock options and warrant276,5151,3341,334
Dividends paid(15,595)(15,595)
As of June 30, 201539,068,068$4$$118,192$(36,968)$(51,600)$29,628
Comprehensive income (loss)82,728(10,185)72,543
Exercise of stock options339,5004,0174,017
Dividends paid(3,910)(11,798)(15,708)
As of June 30, 201639,407,568$4$$118,299$33,962$(61,785)$90,480
Comprehensive income (loss)64,6156,34870,963
Exercise of stock options468,4005,5415,541
Dividends paid(15,827)(15,827)
As of June 30, 201739,875,968$4$$123,840$82,750$(55,437)$151,157
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(5,580)2,30031
Foreign currency translation adjustment(4,127)(23,542)(1,652)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)(1,837)(154)12,918
(Provision) benefit for income taxes1,846350(4,949)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(9,698)(21,046)6,348
Comprehensive income$45,015$43,837$70,963
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 3020192018
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$57,573$29,168
Short-term investments24,00050,000
Accounts receivable, net159,022135,742
Inventories, net198,322178,170
Other current assets27,24522,381
Total current assets466,162415,461
Property, plant and equipment, net140,235130,108
Intangibles, net47,47851,978
Goodwill27,34827,348
Other assets45,44846,784
Total assets$726,671$671,679
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current portion of long-term debt$12,540$12,579
Accounts payable73,18959,498
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities68,49871,144
Total current liabilities154,227143,221
Revolving credit facility96,00070,000
Long-term debt217,635229,802
Other liabilities42,79443,702
Total liabilities510,656486,725
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 300,000,000 Class A
shares authorized, 20,287,574 and 19,992,204 shares issued
and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively;
30,000,000 Class B shares authorized, 20,166,034 and
20,365,504 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and
2018, respectively
44
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 16,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Paid-in capital133,266129,873
Retained earnings168,926131,560
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(86,181)(76,483)
Total stockholders’ equity216,015184,954
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$726,671$671,679
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization27,56426,94326,001
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount8828831,015
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related items3,9082,081
Pension settlement cost1,702
Deferred income taxes(105)6,389(28)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(1,899)(635)(867)
Other(302)1,181765
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net(23,679)(11,900)(2,765)
Inventories, net(20,982)(24,292)5,432
Other current assets(7,173)134(3,012)
Other assets(299)(152)(1,504)
Accounts payable12,0922,446(3,119)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities4,098(114)5,471
Net cash provided by operating activities47,16970,00898,385
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of short-term investments(34,000)(82,000)
Maturities of short-term investments60,00032,000
Capital expenditures(29,891)(18,548)(20,880)
Business acquisitions(9,838)(15,000)
Other, net(404)(1,064)(1,062)
Net cash used by investing activities(14,133)(84,612)(21,942)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Revolving credit facility borrowings213,000225,000230,500
Revolving credit facility repayments(187,000)(220,000)(234,500)
Proceeds from long-term debt250,000
Payments of long-term debt, capital leases and other(12,649)(6,401)(285,527)
Issuance of acquisition note payable3,775
Payment of acquisition note payable(3,775)
Debt issuance costs(3,925)
Proceeds from common shares issued1,1345,6995,541
Dividends paid(18,592)(16,073)(15,827)
Net cash used by financing activities(4,107)(11,775)(53,738)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(524)(536)(227)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents28,405(26,915)22,478
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period29,16856,08333,605
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$57,573$29,168$56,083
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid$12,250$11,208$14,600
Income taxes paid, net16,21515,19114,762
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Property, plant and equipment and capital lease additions2,8908,4491,550
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shares of
Common
Stock
Common
Stock
Preferred
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
As of June 30, 201639,407,568$   4   $$118,299$33,962$(61,785)$90,480
Comprehensive income (loss)64,6156,34870,963
Exercise of stock options468,4005,5415,541
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(15,827)(15,827)
As of June 30, 201739,875,968$4$$123,840$82,750$(55,437)$151,157
Comprehensive income (loss)64,883(21,046)43,837
Exercise of stock options481,7405,6995,699
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(16,073)(16,073)
Stock-based compensation expense334334
As of June 30, 201840,357,708$4$$129,873$131,560$(76,483)$184,954
Adoption of new revenue standard1,2451,245
Comprehensive income (loss)54,713(9,698)45,015
Exercise of stock options95,9001,1341,134
Dividends declared ($0.46 per share)(18,592)(18,592)
Stock-based compensation expense2,2592,259
As of June 30, 201940,453,608$4$$133,266$168,926$(86,181)$216,015
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
1.
DescriptionLong-Lived Assets and Goodwill
We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of Business
Phibrothe assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain intangible assets related to technology within the Animal Health Corporation (“Phibro”segment were impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $0.7 million as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no significant asset impairments or “PAHC”)changes in estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived or amortizable intangible assets in fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
We periodically review our indefinite life intangible assets associated with acquired IPR&D for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its subsidiaries (together,eventual disposition. The amount of the “Company”)impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. During the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, we perform an annual impairment assessment. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain IPR&D within the Animal Health segment was impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.6 million as a diversified global developer, manufacturercomponent of selling, general and marketeradministrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not record any impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets in fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a broad rangebusiness combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of animal health and mineral nutrition productsgoodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for food animals including poultry, swine, cattle, dairy and aquaculture. The Companyimpairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is alsomore likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we tested goodwill using a manufacturer and marketerquantitative approach, which involved estimating fair values of performance products for usereporting units using the discounted cash flow method. We determined goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, referencesperiods included in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar expressions refer to Phibro and its subsidiaries.
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Phibro and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. The decision whether or not to consolidate an entity requires consideration of majority voting interests, as well as effective control over the entity.
We presentevaluate our financial statements oninvestments in equity method investees for impairment if circumstances indicate that the basis of our fiscal year ending June 30. All references to years in these consolidated financial statements refer to the fiscal year ending or ended on June 30 of that year.
Risks, Uncertainties and Liquidity
The issuefair value of the potential for increased bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics used in certain food-producing animalsinvestment may be impaired. The assets underlying a $3.3 million equity investment are currently idled; we have concluded the investment is the subject of discussionsnot currently impaired, based on a worldwide basis and, in certain instances, has led to government restrictions on expected future operating cash flows and/or banning of the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals. The sale of antibiotics and antibacterials is a material portion of our business. Should product bans or restrictions, public perception, competition or other developments result in restrictions on the sale of such products, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results ofdisposal value.
Environmental Liabilities
Our operations and cash flows.
The testing, manufacturing, and marketing of certain of our productsproperties are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the United Statesfederal, state, local and other countries.
We have significant assets in Israel, Brazilforeign environmental, health and other locations outside of the United States and a significant portion of our sales and earnings are attributable to operations conducted abroad. Our assets, results of operations and future prospects are subject to currency exchange fluctuations and restrictions, energy shortages, other economic developments, political or social instability in some countries, and uncertainty of, and governmental control over, commercial rights, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.  
We are subject to environmentalsafety laws and regulations, including those governing pollution; protection of the environment; the use, storage, handling, generation, treatment, emission,management and release dischargeof hazardous materials, substances and disposal of certain materialswastes; air emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; water use, supply and wastes,discharge; the investigation and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater,contamination; the manufacture, saledistribution, and usesale of regulated materials, including pesticides,pesticides; the importing, exporting and transportation of products; and the health and safety of employees.our employees and the public. As such, the nature of our current and former operations and those of our subsidiaries expose Phibrous and our subsidiaries to the risk of claims with respect to such matters.matters, including fines, penalties and
Use
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remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. We record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available.
Pension Liabilities
The measurement of Estimatesour pension and postretirement benefit obligations are dependent on a variety of assumptions determined by management and used by our actuaries. These assumptions affect the amount and timing of future contributions and expenses. The Company reassesses its benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. The discount rate is evaluated on measurement dates and modified to reflect the prevailing market rate of a portfolio of high-quality fixed-income debt instruments that would provide the future cash flows needed to pay the benefits included in the benefit obligation as they come due. At June 30, 2019, the discount rate for the Company’s U.S. pension plan benefit obligations was 3.6% compared to 4.2% at June 30, 2018. The expected rate of return on plan assets of 4.9% represents the average rate of return expected to be earned on plan assets over the period the benefit obligations are expected to be paid. In developing the expected rate of return, the Company considers long-term compound annualized returns of historical market data as well as actual returns on the Company’s plan assets.
PreparationIncome Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement or the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.
Significant judgment is required in determining our income tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, we may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.
We account for income tax contingencies using a benefit recognition model. If our initial assessment does not result in the recognition of a tax benefit, we regularly monitor our position and subsequently recognize the tax benefit if: (i) there are changes in tax law or there is new information that sufficiently raise the likelihood of prevailing on the technical merits of the position to “more likely than
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not;” (ii) the statute of limitations expires; or (iii) there is a completion of an audit resulting in a favorable settlement of that tax year with the appropriate agency. We regularly re-evaluate our tax positions based on the results of audits of federal, state and foreign income tax filings, statute of limitations expirations, and changes in tax law or receipt of new information that would either increase or decrease the technical merits of a position relative to the “more-likely-than-not” standard.
Our assessments concerning uncertain tax positions are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but our estimates of unrecognized tax benefits and potential tax benefits may not be representative of actual outcomes, and variation from such estimates could materially affect our financial statements in the period of settlement or when the statutes of limitations expire, as we treat these events as discrete items in the period of resolution. Finalizing audits with the relevant taxing authorities can include formal administrative and legal proceedings, and, as a result, it is difficult to estimate the timing and range of possible changes related to our uncertain tax positions, and such changes could be significant.
Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, certain future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.
We consider undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in our international operations. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. Should our plans change and we decide to repatriate some or all of the remaining cash held by our international subsidiaries, the amounts repatriated could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes in international jurisdictions.
For more information regarding our significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”
Contingencies
Legal matters
We are subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability and other product-related litigation, commercial litigation, environmental claims and proceedings and government investigations. Certain of these contingencies could result in losses, including damages, fines and/or civil penalties, and/or criminal charges, which could be substantial. We believe that we have strong defenses in these types of matters, but litigation is inherently unpredictable and excessive verdicts do occur. We do not believe that any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position. However, we could incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid and/or accrued.
We have accrued for losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Substantially all of these contingencies are subject to significant uncertainties and, therefore, determining the likelihood of a loss and/or the measurement of any loss can be complex. Consequently, we are unable to estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued. Our assessments are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions.
Environmental
Our operations and properties are subject to Environmental Laws and regulations. As such, the nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties, and remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. Under certain circumstances, we might be required to curtail operations until a particular problem is
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remedied. Known costs and expenses under Environmental Laws incidental to ongoing operations, including the cost of litigation proceedings relating to environmental matters, are generally included within operating results. Potential costs and expenses may also be incurred in connection with the repair or upgrade of facilities to meet existing or new requirements under Environmental Laws or to investigate or remediate potential or actual contamination and from time to time we establish reserves for such contemplated investigation and remediation costs. In many instances, the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred are difficult to predict.
While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring efforts to address contamination associated with historic operations of the sites. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under, and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the impact of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or the cost of compliance.
The nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to environmental matters and we cannot assure we will not incur material costs and liabilities in connection with such claims. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Commitments and Contingencies.”
For additional details, see “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.”
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Foreign exchange risk
Portions of our net sales and costs are exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our products are sold in more than 75 countries and, as a result, our revenues are influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. Because we operate in multiple foreign currencies, changes in those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could affect our revenue and expenses, and consequently, net income. Exchange rate fluctuations may also have an effect beyond our reported financial results and directly affect operations. These fluctuations may affect the ability to buy and sell our goods and services in markets affected by significant exchange rate variances.
Our primary foreign currency exposures are to the Brazilian and Israeli currencies. From time to time, we manage foreign exchange risk through the use of foreign currency derivative contracts. We use these contracts to mitigate the potential earnings effects from exposure to foreign currencies.
We analyzed our foreign currency derivative contracts at June 30, 2019 to determine their sensitivity to exchange rate changes. The analysis indicates that if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate or depreciate by 10%, the fair value of these contracts would decrease by $0.4 million or increase by $0.9 million. For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives.”
Interest rate risk
Substantially all of our outstanding debt is floating rate debt. Our Credit Facilities carry floating interest rates based on LIBOR and the Prime Rate; therefore, our profitability and cash flows are exposed to interest rate fluctuations. In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million of
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notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement. The interest rate swap agreement has been designated as a highly effective cash flow hedge.
Based on our outstanding debt balances as of June 30, 2019, and considering the interest rate swap agreement, a 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would increase annual interest expense and decrease cash flows by $1.8 million. For additional details, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Debt” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives”.
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Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Phibro Animal Health Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO because material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to: (i) the Company not maintaining an effective control environment due to a lack of sufficient resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, which contributed to material weaknesses related to: (ii) the Company not designing and maintaining effective internal controls to ensure processing and reporting of valid transactions is complete, accurate, and timely and (iii) the Company not maintaining effective internal control that restricts access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users and ensures that appropriate segregation of duties is maintained.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above are described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the June 30, 2019 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements requiresincluded performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also
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included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to make certain estimatesprovide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and assumptionsthe preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that affect(i) pertain to the reported amountsmaintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets liabilities, revenues, expensesof the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and related disclosures. Actual resultsthat receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could differ fromhave a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
August 27, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales$827,995$819,982$764,281
Cost of goods sold563,371553,103516,038
Gross profit264,624266,879248,243
Selling, general and administrative expenses181,398167,953150,309
Operating income83,22698,92697,934
Interest expense, net11,77611,91014,906
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(55)(1,054)(113)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Income before income taxes71,50588,07080,543
Provision for income taxes16,79223,18715,928
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Net income per share
basic$1.35$1.61$1.63
diluted$1.35$1.61$1.61
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic40,41240,18139,524
diluted40,52340,38540,042
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these estimates. Significant estimates include valuationconsolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(5,580)2,30031
Foreign currency translation adjustment(4,127)(23,542)(1,652)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)(1,837)(154)12,918
(Provision) benefit for income taxes1,846350(4,949)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(9,698)(21,046)6,348
Comprehensive income$45,015$43,837$70,963
The accompanying notes are an integral part of intangible assets, depreciation and amortization periodsthese consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 3020192018
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$57,573$29,168
Short-term investments24,00050,000
Accounts receivable, net159,022135,742
Inventories, net198,322178,170
Other current assets27,24522,381
Total current assets466,162415,461
Property, plant and equipment, net140,235130,108
Intangibles, net47,47851,978
Goodwill27,34827,348
Other assets45,44846,784
Total assets$726,671$671,679
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current portion of long-term debt$12,540$12,579
Accounts payable73,18959,498
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities68,49871,144
Total current liabilities154,227143,221
Revolving credit facility96,00070,000
Long-term debt217,635229,802
Other liabilities42,79443,702
Total liabilities510,656486,725
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 300,000,000 Class A
shares authorized, 20,287,574 and 19,992,204 shares issued
and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively;
30,000,000 Class B shares authorized, 20,166,034 and
20,365,504 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and
2018, respectively
44
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 16,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Paid-in capital133,266129,873
Retained earnings168,926131,560
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(86,181)(76,483)
Total stockholders’ equity216,015184,954
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$726,671$671,679
The accompanying notes are an integral part of long-lived and intangible assets,these consolidated financial statements
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NOTES TO PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization27,56426,94326,001
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount8828831,015
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related items3,9082,081
Pension settlement cost1,702
Deferred income taxes(105)6,389(28)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(1,899)(635)(867)
Other(302)1,181765
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net(23,679)(11,900)(2,765)
Inventories, net(20,982)(24,292)5,432
Other current assets(7,173)134(3,012)
Other assets(299)(152)(1,504)
Accounts payable12,0922,446(3,119)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities4,098(114)5,471
Net cash provided by operating activities47,16970,00898,385
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of short-term investments(34,000)(82,000)
Maturities of short-term investments60,00032,000
Capital expenditures(29,891)(18,548)(20,880)
Business acquisitions(9,838)(15,000)
Other, net(404)(1,064)(1,062)
Net cash used by investing activities(14,133)(84,612)(21,942)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Revolving credit facility borrowings213,000225,000230,500
Revolving credit facility repayments(187,000)(220,000)(234,500)
Proceeds from long-term debt250,000
Payments of long-term debt, capital leases and other(12,649)(6,401)(285,527)
Issuance of acquisition note payable3,775
Payment of acquisition note payable(3,775)
Debt issuance costs(3,925)
Proceeds from common shares issued1,1345,6995,541
Dividends paid(18,592)(16,073)(15,827)
Net cash used by financing activities(4,107)(11,775)(53,738)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(524)(536)(227)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents28,405(26,915)22,478
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period29,16856,08333,605
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$57,573$29,168$56,083
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid$12,250$11,208$14,600
Income taxes paid, net16,21515,19114,762
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Property, plant and equipment and capital lease additions2,8908,4491,550
recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill, realizability of deferred income tax and value-added tax assets, legal and environmental matters and actuarial assumptions related to our pension plans. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors. Our estimates are based on complex judgments, probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for sales of our goods upon transfer of title and when risk of loss passes to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where title and risk of loss transfer on shipment. Certain of our businesses have terms where title and risk of loss transfer on delivery. Recognition of revenue also requires that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the selling price is fixed or determinable, the collection of sales proceeds is reasonably assured and that we have no further performance obligations. We record reductions to revenue for the estimated costs of customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements and other volume-based incentives, at the time the sale is recorded. Net sales include royalty and licensing income from licensing agreements when all performance obligations have been met. Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. Delivery costs to our customers are included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents held at financial institutions may at times exceed federally insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We grant credit terms in the normal course of business and generally do not require collateral or other security to support credit sales. Our ten largest customers represented, in aggregate, approximately 21% and 27% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimateaccompanying notes are an integral part of the probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We monitor thethese consolidated financial performance and creditworthiness of our customers so that we can properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profile. We also monitor domestic and international economic conditions for the potential effect on our customers. Past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged against the allowance when we determine it is probable the receivable will not be recovered.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined principally under weighted average and standard cost methods, which approximate first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost. Obsolete and unsalable inventories, if any, are reflected at estimated net realizable value. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.
Depreciation is charged to results of operations using the straight-line method based upon the assets’ estimated useful lives ranging from two to 30 years for buildings and improvements, and one to 10 years for machinery and equipment.statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shares of
Common
Stock
Common
Stock
Preferred
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
As of June 30, 201639,407,568$   4   $$118,299$33,962$(61,785)$90,480
Comprehensive income (loss)64,6156,34870,963
Exercise of stock options468,4005,5415,541
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(15,827)(15,827)
As of June 30, 201739,875,968$4$$123,840$82,750$(55,437)$151,157
Comprehensive income (loss)64,883(21,046)43,837
Exercise of stock options481,7405,6995,699
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(16,073)(16,073)
Stock-based compensation expense334334
As of June 30, 201840,357,708$4$$129,873$131,560$(76,483)$184,954
Adoption of new revenue standard1,2451,245
Comprehensive income (loss)54,713(9,698)45,015
Exercise of stock options95,9001,1341,134
Dividends declared ($0.46 per share)(18,592)(18,592)
Stock-based compensation expense2,2592,259
As of June 30, 201940,453,608$4$$133,266$168,926$(86,181)$216,015
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
STATEMENTS
We capitalize costs that extend the useful life or productive capacity of an asset. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. In the case of disposals, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and the net amounts, less proceeds from disposal, are included in the consolidated statements of operations.(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Capitalized Software Costs1.
We capitalize costs to obtain, develop and implement software for internal use. Amounts paid to third parties and costs of internal employees who are directly associated with the software project are also capitalized, depending on the stage of development. We expense software costs that do not meet the capitalization criteria. Capitalized software costs are included in property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 to 7 years.
Deferred Financing Costs
Costs and original issue discounts or premiums related to issuance or modification of our debt are deferred on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the lives of the respective debt instruments. Amortization of deferred financing costs is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we adopted the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), and applied the guidance retrospectively. Prior periods were adjusted to reflect the retrospective application of this guidance. For further discussion, see “—New Accounting Standards.”
Acquisitions, Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Our consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business beginning as of the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition; goodwill is recorded for any excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired.
Significant judgment is required to determine the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Accordingly, we typically obtain the assistance of third-party valuation specialists for significant tangible and intangible assets. The fair values are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain. We typically use an income method to measure the fair value of intangible assets, which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect a consideration of other marketplace participants, and include the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected growth rates and profitability), the underlying product or technology life cycles, economic barriers to entry and the discount rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. Our estimates of the useful lives of intangible assets are based on factors including competitive environment, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the products are sold. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Intangible assets associated with acquired in-process research and development activities (“IPR&D”) are not amortized until a product is available for sale.
Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain intangible assets related to technology within the Animal Health segment were impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of $713approximately $0.7 million as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no significant asset impairments or changes in estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived or amortizable intangible assets in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements prior to 2017.fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
We periodically review our indefinite-livedindefinite life intangible assets associated with acquired IPR&D for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. During the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, we perform an annual impairment assessment. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, we determined that certain IPR&D within the Animal Health segment was impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of $1,579approximately $1.6 million as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not record any impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets in 2016fiscal years 2019 or 2018.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for impairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we tested goodwill using a quantitative approach, which involved estimating fair values of reporting units using the discounted cash flow method. We determined goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.
We evaluate our investments in equity method investees for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the investment may be impaired. The assets underlying a $3.3 million equity investment are currently idled; we have concluded the investment is not currently impaired, based on expected future operating cash flows and/or disposal value.
Environmental Liabilities
Our operations and 2015.properties are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing pollution; protection of the environment; the use, management and release of hazardous materials, substances and wastes; air emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; water use, supply and discharge; the investigation and remediation of contamination; the manufacture, distribution, and sale of regulated materials, including pesticides; the importing, exporting and transportation of products; and the health and safety of our employees and the public. As such, the nature of our current and former operations and those of our subsidiaries expose us and our subsidiaries to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties and
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remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. We record accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available.
Pension Liabilities
The measurement of our pension and postretirement benefit obligations are dependent on a variety of assumptions determined by management and used by our actuaries. These assumptions affect the amount and timing of future contributions and expenses. The Company reassesses its benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. The discount rate is evaluated on measurement dates and modified to reflect the prevailing market rate of a portfolio of high-quality fixed-income debt instruments that would provide the future cash flows needed to pay the benefits included in the benefit obligation as they come due. At June 30, 2019, the discount rate for the Company’s U.S. pension plan benefit obligations was 3.6% compared to 4.2% at June 30, 2018. The expected rate of return on plan assets of 4.9% represents the average rate of return expected to be earned on plan assets over the period the benefit obligations are expected to be paid. In developing the expected rate of return, the Company considers long-term compound annualized returns of historical market data as well as actual returns on the Company’s plan assets.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement or the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.
Significant judgment is required in determining our income tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, we may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.
We account for income tax contingencies using a benefit recognition model. If our initial assessment does not result in the recognition of a tax benefit, we regularly monitor our position and subsequently recognize the tax benefit if: (i) there are changes in tax law or there is new information that sufficiently raise the likelihood of prevailing on the technical merits of the position to “more likely than
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not;” (ii) the statute of limitations expires; or (iii) there is a completion of an audit resulting in a favorable settlement of that tax year with the appropriate agency. We regularly re-evaluate our tax positions based on the results of audits of federal, state and foreign income tax filings, statute of limitations expirations, and changes in tax law or receipt of new information that would either increase or decrease the technical merits of a position relative to the “more-likely-than-not” standard.
Our assessments concerning uncertain tax positions are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but our estimates of unrecognized tax benefits and potential tax benefits may not be representative of actual outcomes, and variation from such estimates could materially affect our financial statements in the period of settlement or when the statutes of limitations expire, as we treat these events as discrete items in the period of resolution. Finalizing audits with the relevant taxing authorities can include formal administrative and legal proceedings, and, as a result, it is difficult to estimate the timing and range of possible changes related to our uncertain tax positions, and such changes could be significant.
Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, certain future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.
We consider undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in our international operations. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. Should our plans change and we decide to repatriate some or all of the remaining cash held by our international subsidiaries, the amounts repatriated could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes in international jurisdictions.
For more information regarding our significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”
Contingencies
Legal matters
We are subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability and other product-related litigation, commercial litigation, environmental claims and proceedings and government investigations. Certain of these contingencies could result in losses, including damages, fines and/or civil penalties, and/or criminal charges, which could be substantial. We believe that we have strong defenses in these types of matters, but litigation is inherently unpredictable and excessive verdicts do occur. We do not believe that any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position. However, we could incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid and/or accrued.
We have accrued for losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Substantially all of these contingencies are subject to significant uncertainties and, therefore, determining the likelihood of a loss and/or the measurement of any loss can be complex. Consequently, we are unable to estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued. Our assessments are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions.
Environmental
Our operations and properties are subject to Environmental Laws and regulations. As such, the nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties, and remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. Under certain circumstances, we might be required to curtail operations until a particular problem is
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remedied. Known costs and expenses under Environmental Laws incidental to ongoing operations, including the cost of litigation proceedings relating to environmental matters, are generally included within operating results. Potential costs and expenses may also be incurred in connection with the repair or upgrade of facilities to meet existing or new requirements under Environmental Laws or to investigate or remediate potential or actual contamination and from time to time we establish reserves for such contemplated investigation and remediation costs. In many instances, the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred are difficult to predict.
While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring efforts to address contamination associated with historic operations of the sites. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under, and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the impact of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or the cost of compliance.
The nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to environmental matters and we cannot assure we will not incur material costs and liabilities in connection with such claims. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Commitments and Contingencies.”
For additional details, see “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety.”
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Foreign exchange risk
Portions of our net sales and costs are exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our products are sold in more than 75 countries and, as a result, our revenues are influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. Because we operate in multiple foreign currencies, changes in those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could affect our revenue and expenses, and consequently, net income. Exchange rate fluctuations may also have an effect beyond our reported financial results and directly affect operations. These fluctuations may affect the ability to buy and sell our goods and services in markets affected by significant exchange rate variances.
Our primary foreign currency exposures are to the Brazilian and Israeli currencies. From time to time, we manage foreign exchange risk through the use of foreign currency derivative contracts. We use these contracts to mitigate the potential earnings effects from exposure to foreign currencies.
We analyzed our foreign currency derivative contracts at June 30, 2019 to determine their sensitivity to exchange rate changes. The analysis indicates that if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate or depreciate by 10%, the fair value of these contracts would decrease by $0.4 million or increase by $0.9 million. For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives.”
Interest rate risk
Substantially all of our outstanding debt is floating rate debt. Our Credit Facilities carry floating interest rates based on LIBOR and the Prime Rate; therefore, our profitability and cash flows are exposed to interest rate fluctuations. In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million of
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notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement. The interest rate swap agreement has been designated as a highly effective cash flow hedge.
Based on our outstanding debt balances as of June 30, 2019, and considering the interest rate swap agreement, a 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would increase annual interest expense and decrease cash flows by $1.8 million. For additional details, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Debt” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Derivatives”.
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Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Phibro Animal Health Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO because material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to: (i) the Company not maintaining an effective control environment due to a lack of sufficient resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, which contributed to material weaknesses related to: (ii) the Company not designing and maintaining effective internal controls to ensure processing and reporting of valid transactions is complete, accurate, and timely and (iii) the Company not maintaining effective internal control that restricts access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users and ensures that appropriate segregation of duties is maintained.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above are described in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the June 30, 2019 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also
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included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Florham Park, New Jersey
August 27, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales$827,995$819,982$764,281
Cost of goods sold563,371553,103516,038
Gross profit264,624266,879248,243
Selling, general and administrative expenses181,398167,953150,309
Operating income83,22698,92697,934
Interest expense, net11,77611,91014,906
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(55)(1,054)(113)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Income before income taxes71,50588,07080,543
Provision for income taxes16,79223,18715,928
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Net income per share
basic$1.35$1.61$1.63
diluted$1.35$1.61$1.61
Weighted average common shares outstanding
basic40,41240,18139,524
diluted40,52340,38540,042
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Change in fair value of derivative instruments(5,580)2,30031
Foreign currency translation adjustment(4,127)(23,542)(1,652)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)(1,837)(154)12,918
(Provision) benefit for income taxes1,846350(4,949)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(9,698)(21,046)6,348
Comprehensive income$45,015$43,837$70,963
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 3020192018
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$57,573$29,168
Short-term investments24,00050,000
Accounts receivable, net159,022135,742
Inventories, net198,322178,170
Other current assets27,24522,381
Total current assets466,162415,461
Property, plant and equipment, net140,235130,108
Intangibles, net47,47851,978
Goodwill27,34827,348
Other assets45,44846,784
Total assets$726,671$671,679
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current portion of long-term debt$12,540$12,579
Accounts payable73,18959,498
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities68,49871,144
Total current liabilities154,227143,221
Revolving credit facility96,00070,000
Long-term debt217,635229,802
Other liabilities42,79443,702
Total liabilities510,656486,725
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 300,000,000 Class A
shares authorized, 20,287,574 and 19,992,204 shares issued
and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively;
30,000,000 Class B shares authorized, 20,166,034 and
20,365,504 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and
2018, respectively
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Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 16,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Paid-in capital133,266129,873
Retained earnings168,926131,560
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(86,181)(76,483)
Total stockholders’ equity216,015184,954
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$726,671$671,679
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income$54,713$64,883$64,615
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization27,56426,94326,001
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount8828831,015
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related items3,9082,081
Pension settlement cost1,702
Deferred income taxes(105)6,389(28)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(1,899)(635)(867)
Other(302)1,181765
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net(23,679)(11,900)(2,765)
Inventories, net(20,982)(24,292)5,432
Other current assets(7,173)134(3,012)
Other assets(299)(152)(1,504)
Accounts payable12,0922,446(3,119)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities4,098(114)5,471
Net cash provided by operating activities47,16970,00898,385
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of short-term investments(34,000)(82,000)
Maturities of short-term investments60,00032,000
Capital expenditures(29,891)(18,548)(20,880)
Business acquisitions(9,838)(15,000)
Other, net(404)(1,064)(1,062)
Net cash used by investing activities(14,133)(84,612)(21,942)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Revolving credit facility borrowings213,000225,000230,500
Revolving credit facility repayments(187,000)(220,000)(234,500)
Proceeds from long-term debt250,000
Payments of long-term debt, capital leases and other(12,649)(6,401)(285,527)
Issuance of acquisition note payable3,775
Payment of acquisition note payable(3,775)
Debt issuance costs(3,925)
Proceeds from common shares issued1,1345,6995,541
Dividends paid(18,592)(16,073)(15,827)
Net cash used by financing activities(4,107)(11,775)(53,738)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(524)(536)(227)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents28,405(26,915)22,478
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period29,16856,08333,605
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$57,573$29,168$56,083
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid$12,250$11,208$14,600
Income taxes paid, net16,21515,19114,762
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Property, plant and equipment and capital lease additions2,8908,4491,550
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shares of
Common
Stock
Common
Stock
Preferred
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
As of June 30, 201639,407,568$   4   $$118,299$33,962$(61,785)$90,480
Comprehensive income (loss)64,6156,34870,963
Exercise of stock options468,4005,5415,541
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(15,827)(15,827)
As of June 30, 201739,875,968$4$$123,840$82,750$(55,437)$151,157
Comprehensive income (loss)64,883(21,046)43,837
Exercise of stock options481,7405,6995,699
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)(16,073)(16,073)
Stock-based compensation expense334334
As of June 30, 201840,357,708$4$$129,873$131,560$(76,483)$184,954
Adoption of new revenue standard1,2451,245
Comprehensive income (loss)54,713(9,698)45,015
Exercise of stock options95,9001,1341,134
Dividends declared ($0.46 per share)(18,592)(18,592)
Stock-based compensation expense2,2592,259
As of June 30, 201940,453,608$4$$133,266$168,926$(86,181)$216,015
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
1.
Description of Business
Phibro Animal Health Corporation (“Phibro” or “PAHC”) and its subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) is a diversified global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad range of animal health and mineral nutrition products for food animals including poultry, swine, cattle, dairy and aquaculture. The Company is also a manufacturer and marketer of performance products for use in the personal care, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar expressions refer to Phibro and its subsidiaries.
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Phibro and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. The decision whether or not to consolidate an entity requires consideration of majority voting interests, as well as effective control over the entity.
We present our financial statements on the basis of our fiscal year ending June 30. All references to years in these consolidated financial statements refer to the fiscal year ending or ended on June 30 of that year.
Risks and Uncertainties
The issue of the potential for increased bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics used in certain food-producing animals is the subject of discussions on a worldwide basis and, in certain instances, has led to government restrictions on or banning of the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals. The sale of antibiotics and antibacterials is a material portion of our business. Should product bans or restrictions, public perception, competition or other developments result in restrictions on the sale of such products, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
An outbreak of disease carried by food animals, which could lead to the widespread death or precautionary destruction of food animals as well as reduced consumption and demand for animal protein, could adversely affect demand for our products. Such occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The testing, manufacturing, and marketing of certain of our products are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and other countries.
We have significant assets in Israel, Brazil and other locations outside of the United States and a significant portion of our sales and earnings are attributable to operations conducted abroad. Our assets, results of operations and future prospects are subject to currency exchange fluctuations and restrictions, energy shortages, other economic developments, political or social instability in some countries, and uncertainty of, and governmental control over, commercial rights, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling, generation, treatment, emission, release, discharge and disposal of certain materials and wastes, the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, the manufacture, sale and use of regulated materials, including pesticides, and the health and safety of employees. As such, the nature of our current and former operations and those of our subsidiaries expose Phibro and our subsidiaries to the risk of claims with respect to such matters.
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Use of Estimates
Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include valuation of intangible assets, depreciation and amortization periods of long-lived and intangible assets, recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill, realizability of deferred income tax and value-added tax assets, legal and environmental matters and actuarial assumptions related to our pension plans. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors. Our estimates are based on complex judgments, probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the product has transferred to the customer, typically when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where control of the underlying product transfers to the customer on shipment, while others have terms where control transfers to the customer on delivery.
Revenue reflects the total consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for delivery of products or services, net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, rebates and other volume-based incentives. We record reductions to revenue for estimated variable consideration at the time we record the sale. Our estimates for variable consideration primarily use the most-likely amount method. Such estimates are generally based on contractual terms and historical experience, and are adjusted to reflect future expectations as new information becomes available. Historically, we have not had significant adjustments to our estimates of variable compensation. Sales returns and product recalls have been insignificant and infrequent due to the nature of the products we sell.
Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. The associated costs are considered fulfillment activities and are included in costs of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations when the related revenue is recognized. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents held at financial institutions may at times exceed insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments include highly liquid investments with maturities greater than three months and less than one year at the time of purchase. We classify these investments as held to maturity and we record the related interest income as earned. We determine the appropriate balance sheet classification at the time of purchase and at each balance sheet date. Investments held at financial institutions may at times exceed insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We grant credit terms in the normal course of business and generally do not require collateral or other security to support credit sales. Our ten largest customers represented, in aggregate, approximately 31% and 24% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
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The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We monitor the financial performance and creditworthiness of our customers so that we can properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profile. We also monitor domestic and international economic conditions for the potential effect on our customers. Past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged against the allowance when we determine it is probable the receivable will not be recovered.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined principally under weighted average and standard cost methods, which approximate first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost. Obsolete and unsalable inventories, if any, are reflected at estimated net realizable value. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.
Depreciation is charged to results of operations using the straight-line method based upon the assets’ estimated useful lives, ranging from two to thirty years for buildings and improvements, and one to ten years for machinery and equipment. We capitalize costs that extend the useful life or productive capacity of an asset. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. In the case of disposals, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and the net amounts, less proceeds from disposal, are included in the consolidated statements of operations.
Capitalized Software Costs
We capitalize costs to obtain, develop and implement software for internal use. Amounts paid to third parties and costs of internal employees who are directly associated with the software project are also capitalized, depending on the stage of development.
We expense software costs that do not meet the capitalization criteria. Capitalized software costs are included in property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over three to seven years.
Deferred Financing Costs
Costs and original issue discounts or premiums related to issuance or modification of our debt are deferred on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the lives of the respective debt instruments. Amortization of deferred financing costs is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Acquisitions, Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Our consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business beginning as of the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition; goodwill is recorded for any excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired.
Significant judgment is required to determine the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Accordingly, we typically obtain the assistance of third-party valuation specialists for significant tangible and intangible assets. The fair values are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain. We typically use an income method to measure the fair value of intangible assets, which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect a consideration of other marketplace participants, and include the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected growth rates and profitability), the underlying product or technology life cycles, economic barriers to entry
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and the discount rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. Our estimates of the useful lives of intangible assets are based on factors including competitive environment, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the products are sold. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Intangible assets associated with acquired in-process research and development activities (“IPR&D”) are not amortized until a product is available for sale.
Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. During 2017, we determined that certain intangible assets related to technology within the Animal Health segment were impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of  $713 as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no significant asset impairments and no changes in estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived or amortizable intangible assets in 2019 or 2018.
We periodically review our indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with acquired IPR&D for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We assess IPR&D for impairment annually during our fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. During 2017, we determined that certain IPR&D within the Animal Health segment was impaired, based on changes to future product sales assumptions, and recorded an impairment charge of  $1,579 as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets in 2019 or 2018.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during our fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for impairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2017,2019, we tested goodwill using a quantitative approach, which involved estimating fair values of reporting units using the discounted cash flow method. We determined goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.
Foreign Currency Translation
We generally use local currency as the functional currency to measure the financial position and results of operations of each of our international subsidiaries. We translate assets and liabilities of these operations at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. We translate income statement accounts at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments that arise from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.
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Certain of our Israeli operations have designated the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Gains and losses arising from remeasurement of local currency accounts into U.S. dollars are included in determining net income.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of net income and the changes in: (i) the fair value of derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting; (ii) foreign currency translation adjustments; (iii) unrecognized net pension gains (losses); and (iv) the related (provision) benefit for income taxes.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We record all derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in results of operations or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether a derivative is designated and effective as part of a
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hedge transaction and, if so, the type of hedge transaction. Gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)designated and effective as part of a hedge transaction are included in the results of operations in the periods in which operations are affected by the underlying hedged item.
From time to time, we use certain derivative instruments to mitigate the risk associated with certain economic factors, such as exchange rates and interest rates, which may potentially affect our future cash flows. As of June 30, 2017,2019, we used (i) foreign currency option contracts to mitigate certain exposures related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and as a means of hedgingon forecasted inventory purchases. In July 2017, we entered intopurchases, and (ii) an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million of notional principal.principal to manage future cash flow exposure resulting from variable interest rates on that amount of debt. To qualify a derivative as a hedge, we document the nature and relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, the prospective effectiveness of the hedging instrument as well as the ultimate effectiveness, the risk-management objectives, the strategies for undertaking the various hedge transactions and the methods of assessing hedge effectiveness. We do not engage in trading or other speculative uses of financial instruments.
Environmental Liabilities
Expenditures for ongoing compliance with environmental regulations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. We capitalize expenditures made to extend the useful life or productive capacity of an asset, including expenditures that prevent future environmental contamination. Other expenditures are expensed as incurred and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. We record the expense and related liability in the period an environmental assessment indicates remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of the liability are based upon currently available facts, existing technology and presently enacted laws and regulations taking into consideration the likely effects of inflation and other societal and economic factors. All available evidence is considered, including prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites, other companies’ experiences and data released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other organizations. The estimated liabilities are not discounted. We record anticipated recoveries under existing insurance contracts if probable.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax effects of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already
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recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement, and the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.
Significant judgment is required in determining our income tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets
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when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit, and release these allowances when it is more likely than not that these deductions or credits will be used.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, we may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.
Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, future events such as changes in tax legislation, the geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an effect on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.
Advertising
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and are reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Research and Development Expenditures
Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Most of our manufacturing facilities have chemists and technicians on staff involved in product development, quality assurance, quality control and providing technical services to customers. Research, development and technical service efforts are conducted at various facilities. Our animal health research and development activities relate to: fermentation development and microbiological strain improvement; vaccine development; chemical synthesis and formulation development; nutritional specialties development; and ethanol-related products.
Stock-Based Compensation
AllWe recognize expense for stock-based compensation to employees, including grants of stock options is expensedand restricted stock units, over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value of the awards. We determine the fair value of stock-based awardsstock options and restricted stock units using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model thatand the Monte Carlo simulation model, respectively. Each model uses both historical and current market data to estimate the fair value. This method incorporatesThe models incorporate various assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected life of the options.awards.
Net Income per Share and Weighted Average Shares
Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.
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Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period after giving effect to potential dilutive common shares resulting from the assumed exercise of stock options. For the years ended June 30, 2017, 2016options and 2015, allvesting of restricted stock units. All common share equivalents were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share.share in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.
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For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Net income$64,615$82,728$60,280$54,713$64,883$64,615
Weighted average number of shares–basic39,52439,25438,96940,41240,18139,524
Dilutive effect of stock options518708846
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units111204518
Weighted average number of shares–diluted40,04239,96239,81540,52340,38540,042
Net income per share
basic$1.63$2.11$1.55$1.35$1.61$1.63
diluted$1.61$2.07$1.51$1.35$1.61$1.61
New Accounting Standards
ASU 2017-04,Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-14, Intangibles—Goodwill and OtherCompensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 350)715-20): SimplifyingDisclosure Framework—Changes to the TestDisclosure Requirements for Goodwill ImpairmentDefined Benefit Plans, supersedesmodifies existing disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and must be applied on a retrospective basis. We continue to evaluate the current guidance by establishing a one-step goodwill impairment test. This new guidance requires an entity to compare the fair valueeffect of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. We elected early application of this guidance in fiscal year 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-01,2018-13, Business CombinationsFair Value Measurement (Topic 805)820): ClarifyingDisclosure Framework—Changes to the DefinitionDisclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, modifies existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We continue to evaluate the effect of a Business, amends the current guidance for determining whether a transaction represents the acquisition of a business or assets. This guidance provides updated criteria to make the determination and clarifies the definitions of key terms. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we elected early applicationadoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income allows reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings of stranded tax effects related to adjustments resulting from the United States Tax Cuts and it didJobs Act. This ASU is effective for our consolidated financial statements beginning July 1, 2019. We do not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, provides specific guidance for the classification of certain transactions within the statement of cash flows. The issues addressed byWe adopted this guidance include, but areduring the three months ended September 30, 2018, and it did not limited to, debt prepayments or debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted, as long as all provisions under the guidance are applied simultaneously. The provisions of this guidance are to be applied using a retrospective transition approach. We do not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, amends Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This new standard simplified the accounting for share-based payments. The ASU requires that excess income tax benefits/deficiencies associated with share-based payments be recognized in the provision for income taxes rather than in additional paid-in capital as previously required. The ASU also requires accounting for minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and forfeitures. We adopted this guidance in our 2016 consolidated statement of operations on a modified retrospective basis.
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), supersedes the current lease accounting guidance, requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for both financing and operating leases on the balance sheet and requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding leasing arrangements. This ASU isand its amendments are effective for annual reporting periodsour consolidated financial statements beginning after December 15, 2018.July 1, 2019. The new standard requires a modified retrospective method. We are evaluatinghave substantially completed the effectevaluation of adoptionour lease contracts, accounting policy elections and the impact of this guidanceadoption on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330), requires entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value (“NRV”). NRV is defined as “the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.” The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years. We do not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), provides guidance regarding the treatment of cloud computing arrangements and if an arrangement
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includes a software license. We adopted this guidance during the three months ended September 30, 2016, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), requires debt issuance costs to be presented as a reduction Adoption of the related liability. These costs were previously included in other assets. Debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements may continue to be included in other assets. We adopted this guidance duringnew standard will increase the three months ended September 30, 2016,assets and applied the guidance retrospectively. Debt issuance costs of  $2,538 as of June 30, 2016, have been presented as a reduction in long-term debtliabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets.
ASU 2014-15, Disclosuresheet. Adoption of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance date of the financial statements, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Management will need to consider relevant conditions that are known and reasonably knowable at the issuance date. Substantial doubt exists if it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations within one year after the issuance date. Under the new standard will not materially affect the definitionamount of substantial doubt incorporates a likelihood thresholdlease expense recognized in the consolidated statements of “probable” similar to the current use of that term in GAAP for loss contingencies. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of this guidance had no effect to our consolidated financial statements or the disclosures herein.operations.
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), establishes principles for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The underlying principle is to identify the performance obligations of a contract, allocate the revenue to each performance obligation and then to recognize revenue when the company satisfies a specific performance obligation of the contract. ASU 2014-09 and its amendments are effective for our consolidated financial statements beginning July 1, 2018. We expect to apply the new standard using the modified retrospective method. We continue to evaluate the effect that the adoption of this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
3.
Statements of Operations—Additional Information
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
Interest expense, net
Term loan$11,482$11,631$11,717
Revolving credit facility2,8972,257918
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount1,015989967
Acquisition-related accrued interest1,3731,476613
Other105495339
Interest expense16,87216,84814,554
Interest (income)(1,966)(256)(249)
$14,906$16,592$14,305
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment$19,916$17,659$16,813
Amortization of intangible assets5,9505,5594,560
Amortization of other assets135234231
$26,001$23,452$21,604
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment includes amortization of capitalized software costs of $2,199, $2,915 and $2,905 during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Amortization of intangible assets is expected to be $5,521; $5,522; $5,397; $5,023; $5,025 and $26,314 for 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and thereafter, respectively.
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For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
Research and development expenditures$  9,442$ 11,029$ 9,511
recognize revenue when the company satisfies a specific performance obligation of the contract. We adopted ASU 2014-09 and its amendments effective July 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. Comparative prior period amounts were not restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material effect on reported net sales or retained earnings.
The effect of initial adoption of the new standard resulted in the following changes to our consolidated balance sheet:
As of July 1, 2018
Effect of
Adoption
Post-adoption
Other current assets$2,100$24,481
Other assets2,32549,109
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities34371,487
Other liabilities2,83746,539
Retained earnings$1,245$132,805
The current year effect of the adoption of the new standard resulted in the following changes to our consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations:
As of June 30, 2019
Effect of
adoption
As reported
Other current assets$225$27,245
Other assets22545,448
Other liabilities(216)42,794
Retained earnings$666$168,926
For the Year Ended June 30, 2019
Effect of
adoption
As reported
Net sales$793$827,995
Provision for income taxes12716,792
Net income$666$54,713
For changes to our policy resulting from the adoption of ASU 2014-09, see “—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards—Revenue Recognition.” See “Statements of Operations—Additional Information” for our disclosures regarding disaggregated revenue, deferred revenue and customer payment terms.
3.
Statements of Operations—Additional Information
Disaggregated revenue, deferred revenue and customer payment terms
We develop, manufacture and market a broad range of products for food animals including poultry, swine, beef and dairy cattle and aquaculture. The products help prevent, control and treat diseases, enhance nutrition to help improve health and contribute to balanced mineral nutrition. The animal health and mineral nutrition products are sold directly to integrated poultry, swine and cattle integrators and through commercial animal feed manufacturers, wholesalers and distributors. The animal health industry and demand for many of the animal health products in a particular region are affected by changing disease pressures and by weather conditions, as product usage follows varying weather patterns and seasons. Our operations are primarily focused in regions where the majority of livestock production is consolidated in large commercial farms.
We have a diversified portfolio of products that are classified within our three business segments—Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products. Each segment has its own dedicated management and sales team.
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Animal Health
The Animal Health business develops, manufactures and markets products in three main categories:

MFAs and Other:   MFAs and other products primarily consist of concentrated medicated products that are administered through animal feeds, commonly referred to as Medicated Feed Additives (“MFAs”). Specific product classifications include antibacterials, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial infections in animals; anticoccidials, which inhibit the growth of coccidia (parasites) that damage the intestinal tract of animals; and other related products.

Nutritional Specialties:   Nutritional specialty products enhance nutrition to help improve health and performance in areas such as immune system function and digestive health.

Vaccines:   Our vaccines are primarily focused on preventing diseases in poultry and swine. They protect animals from either viral or bacterial disease challenges. We also manufacture and distribute autogenous vaccine products and market adjuvants to vaccine manufacturers. We have developed an innovative and proprietary delivery platform for vaccines.
Mineral Nutrition
The Mineral Nutrition business is comprised of formulations and concentrations of trace minerals such as zinc, manganese, copper, iron and other compounds, with a focus on customers in North America. The customers use these products to fortify the daily feed requirements of their livestock’s diets and maintain an optimal balance of trace elements in each animal. We manufacture and market a broad range of mineral nutrition products for food animals including poultry, swine and beef and dairy cattle.
Performance Products
The Performance Products business manufactures and markets a number of specialty ingredients for use in the personal care, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries, predominantly in the United States.
The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by major product category and geographic region:
Net Sales by Product Type
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Animal Health
MFAs and other$350,468$336,666$321,430
Nutritional specialties113,215122,978111,282
Vaccines68,29172,08365,033
Total Animal Health$531,974$531,727$497,745
Mineral Nutrition233,782234,922218,298
Performance Products62,23953,33348,238
Total$827,995$819,982$764,281
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Net Sales by Region
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
United States$480,101$490,880$483,794
Latin America and Canada152,380143,231113,187
Europe, Middle East and Africa105,365110,37795,838
Asia Pacific90,14975,49471,462
Total$827,995$819,982$764,281
Net sales by region are based on country of destination.
Deferred revenue was $5,464 and $4,530 as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities included $965 and $508 of the total deferred revenue as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively. The deferred revenue resulted primarily from certain customer arrangements, including technology licensing fees and discounts on future product sales. The transaction price associated with our deferred revenue arrangements is generally based on the stand alone sales prices of the individual products or services.
Our customer payment terms generally range from 30 to 120 days globally and do not include any significant financing components. Payment terms vary based on industry and business practices within the regions in which we operate. Our average worldwide collection period for accounts receivable is approximately 60 to 70 days after the revenue is recognized.
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Interest expense, net
Term loan$8,553$8,321$11,482
Revolving credit facility3,7482,7772,897
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount8828831,015
Acquisition-related accrued interest1,0851,373
Other494537105
Interest expense13,67713,60316,872
Interest (income)(1,901)(1,693)(1,966)
$11,776$11,910$14,906
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment$21,423$21,044$19,916
Amortization of intangible assets6,0925,8515,950
Amortization of other assets4948135
$27,564$26,943$26,001
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment includes amortization of capitalized software costs of  $1,217, $1,519 and $2,199 during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Amortization of intangible assets as of June 30, 2019, is expected to be $6,033, $5,487, $5,381, $5,380, $5,161 and $18,236 for 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024, 2025 and thereafter, respectively.
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Research and development expenditures$ 12,083$  9,998$  9,442
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4.
Balance Sheets—Additional Information
As of June 3020172016
Accounts receivable, net
Trade accounts receivable$132,275$128,743
Allowance for doubtful accounts(6,428)(4,953)
$125,847$123,790
As of June 30201720162015
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of period$4,953$3,378$1,235
Provision for bad debts1,4121,7742,587
Effect of changes in exchange rates159(132)(218)
Bad debt write-offs (recovery)(96)(67)(226)
Balance at end of period$  6,428$ 4,953$  3,378
As of June 3020172016
Inventories
Raw materials$54,861$51,369
Work-in-process12,4028,074
Finished goods93,970108,248
$161,233$167,691
As of June 3020172016
Property, plant and equipment, net
Land$9,584$9,612
Buildings and improvements65,95864,265
Machinery and equipment212,589196,480
288,131270,357
Accumulated depreciation(160,780)(143,034)
$127,351$127,323
As of June 3020192018
Accounts receivable, net
Trade accounts receivable$163,464$141,999
Allowance for doubtful accounts(4,442)(6,257)
$159,022$135,742
As of June 30201920182017
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at beginning of period$6,257$6,428$4,953
Provision for bad debts(201)1661,412
Effect of changes in exchange rates38(215)159
Bad debt write-offs(1,500)
Bad debt recovery(152)(122)(96)
Balance at end of period$4,442$6,257$6,428
As of June 3020192018
Inventories
Raw materials$64,441$62,373
Work-in-process10,69914,731
Finished goods123,182101,066
$198,322$178,170
As of June 3020192018
Property, plant and equipment, net
Land$10,152$10,140
Buildings and improvements71,03668,769
Machinery and equipment252,097227,092
333,285306,001
Accumulated depreciation(193,050)(175,893)
$140,235$130,108
Certain facilities in Israel are on leased land. The leases expire in 2023, 2035 and 2062.
Property, plant and equipment, net includes internal-use software costs, net of accumulated depreciation, of  $3,558$3,475 and $5,180$2,700 at June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
Machinery and equipment includes construction-in-progress of  $2,690$15,630 and $5,595$7,783 at June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively.
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As of June 30
Weighted-
Average
Useful Life
(Years)
20172016
Intangibles, net
Cost
Medicated feed additive product registrations10$10,400$11,744
Amprolium international marketing rights104,2924,292
Customer relationships1310,61610,606
Technology1367,90766,960
Distribution agreements43,2223,275
Trade names, trademarks and other52,7402,740
In-process research and development1,8001,579
100,977101,196
Accumulated amortization
Medicated feed additive product registrations(10,400)(10,846)
Amprolium international marketing rights(4,292)(4,292)
Customer relationships(6,995)(6,303)
Technology(18,776)(13,877)
Distribution agreements(3,222)(3,275)
Trade names, trademarks and other(2,690)(2,508)
(46,375)(41,101)
$54,602$60,095
As of June 3020172016
Goodwill roll-forward
Balance at beginning of period$21,121$12,613
Purchase price allocation correction2,861
MVP acquisition8,508
Balance at end of period$ 23,982$ 21,121
As of June 30
Weighted-
Average
Useful Life
(Years)
20192018
Intangibles, net
Cost
Technology13$71,016$69,475
Product registrations, marketing and distribution rights917,85817,902
Customer relationships1312,19412,211
Trade names, trademarks and other52,7402,740
In-process research and development1,8001,800
105,608104,128
Accumulated amortization
Technology(29,333)(23,937)
Product registrations, marketing and distribution rights(17,811)(17,902)
Customer relationships(8,282)(7,614)
Trade names, trademarks and other(2,704)(2,697)
(58,130)(52,150)
$47,478$51,978
As of June 3020192018
Goodwill roll-forward
Balance at beginning of period$27,348$23,982
Acquisition5,642
Translation(2,276)
Balance at end of period$27,348$27,348
DuringIn August 2019, we acquired the three months endedbusiness and assets of Osprey Biotechnics, Inc. (“Osprey”). Osprey is a developer, manufacturer and marketer of microbial products and bioproducts for a variety of applications serving animal health and nutrition, environmental, industrial and agricultural customers. Osprey also produces key components of our recently launched Provia PrimeTM direct fed microbial product for poultry. We acquired all assets used in Osprey’s business, including intellectual property, working capital and property, plant and equipment, for an aggregate cash payment at closing of  $55,000, subject to certain customary adjustments. The agreement also includes a future additional payment to be determined based on Osprey’s EBITDA for the year ending June 30, 2017,2021. The additional payment will be no less than $4,840. We funded the Company determined goodwillacquisition through the Revolver.
We will account for the acquisition as a business combination in accordance with ASC No. 805, “Business Combinations,” and a liability for contingent consideration on acquisitions, initially recordedwill include the business in the year ended June 30, 2015, were understated by $2,861. The Company correctedAnimal Health segment. We are evaluating the error duringallocation of the three months ended June 30, 2017, by adjusting goodwill, the liability and acquisition-related interest accrued subsequentpurchase price to the acquisition date. We evaluated the effecttangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the error quantitativelyacquisition date.
In September 2017, we acquired a business for $15,000. The business develops, manufactures and qualitatively,markets animal health products. We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Net assets acquired included working capital, property, plant and concludedequipment, intangible assets and goodwill. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. The business is included in the error wasAnimal Health segment.
We have not provided pro forma information giving effect to the acquisitions because the results of each transaction are not material to the current or any previously issuedconsolidated financial statements.
As of June 3020172016
Other assets
Acquisition-related note receivable$5,000$5,000
Equity method investments4,2354,580
Insurance investments5,0974,833
Deferred financing fees2,5521,064
Deferred income taxes23,26928,019
Deposits7,0745,992
Other6,5706,977
$ 53,797$ 56,465
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As of June 3020192018
Other assets
Equity method investments$4,196$3,944
Insurance investments5,4315,235
Deferred financing fees1,5312,042
Deferred income taxes16,77015,424
Deposits7,0246,692
Indemnification asset3,0003,000
Fair value of derivative5,078
Other7,4965,369
$45,448$46,784
We evaluate our investments in equity method investees for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the investment may be impaired. The assets underlying a $3,719$3,287 equity investment are currently idled; we have concluded the investment is not currently impaired, based on expected future operating cash flows and/or disposal value.
As of June 3020172016
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Employee related$26,553$21,712
Commissions and rebates6,4433,722
Insurance related1,5151,780
Professional fees3,8233,573
Income and other taxes3,0351,910
Contingent consideration on acquisitions1,250
Other11,28311,756
$ 52,652$ 45,703
As of June 3020172016
Other liabilities
U.S. pension plan$6,150$21,371
International retirement plans5,2575,600
Supplemental retirement benefits, deferred compensation and other9,7838,984
Long term and deferred income taxes8,9468,205
Contingent consideration on acquisitions11,7519,172
Other long term liabilities7,6667,981
$ 49,553$ 61,313
As of June 3020192018
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Employee related$28,298$27,333
Commissions and rebates8,3977,341
Insurance-related1,2791,168
Professional fees5,2124,350
Income and other taxes6,0673,610
Acquisition-related consideration12,845
Restructuring costs3,590
Other15,65514,497
$68,498$71,144
Contingent consideration on acquisitions includes $4,107During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded pre-tax charges of  accrued compensation$6,281 for business restructuring activities related to productivity and cost saving initiatives in the serviceAnimal Health segment. The charges included $3,500 related to termination of a key employee.
As of June 3020172016
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivative instruments$2,686$2,655
Foreign currency translation adjustment(43,556)(41,904)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)(18,059)(30,977)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes on derivative instruments(1,553)(1,548)
(Provision) benefit for incomes taxes on long-term intercompany investments8,1668,166
(Provision) benefit for income taxes on pension gains (losses)(3,121)1,823
$(55,437)$(61,785)
5.
Acquisition
In January 2016, we purchased the assets of MVP Laboratories, Inc. (“MVP”). MVP was a developer, manufacturercontract manufacturing agreement and marketer of livestock vaccines, adjuvants and other products. We acquired all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities used in MVP’s business, including working capital, intellectual property, manufacturing equipment, real property and facilities.$2,781 for employee separation costs. The purchase price of approximately $46,576 was paid in cash primarily at closing. We incurred $618 in transaction expenses in connection with the acquisition, which werecharges are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2019, $691 had been paid, $3,590 was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $2,000 was included in other liabilities. We expect to record an additional charge for employee separation costs of an estimated $1,000 and complete the additional separation actions by December 31, 2019.
In July 2018, we accelerated the closing date and completed the purchase of intellectual property and certain other assets comprising the MJ Biologics, Inc. (“MJB”) business relating to animal vaccines. The Company and MJB had originally agreed to the purchase business combination in January 2015, with a contemplated closing date in January 2021. The final amount due, net of previously paid amounts, was $12,775, including $9,000 paid in July 2018 and $3,775 paid in January 2019.
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As of June 3020192018
Other liabilities
U.S. pension plan$3,934$2,910
International retirement plans5,1334,644
Supplemental retirement benefits, deferred compensation and other7,60510,792
Long term and deferred income taxes8,9789,729
Restructuring costs2,000
Other long term liabilities15,14415,627
$42,794$43,702
As of June 3020192018
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivative instruments$(594)$4,986
Foreign currency translation adjustment(71,225)(67,098)
Unrecognized net pension gains (losses)(20,050)(18,213)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes on derivative instruments148(1,241)
(Provision) benefit for incomes taxes on long-term intercompany investments8,1668,166
(Provision) benefit for income taxes on pension gains (losses)(2,626)(3,083)
$(86,181)$(76,483)
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Pro forma information giving effect to the acquisition has not been provided because the results are not material to the consolidated financial statements. The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date were:
Working capital, net$4,914
Property, plant and equipment4,774
Definite-lived intangible assets28,380
Goodwill8,508
Net assets acquired$46,576
The definite-lived intangible assets relate to developed products and will be amortized over an estimated useful life of 15 years. The business is included in the Animal Health segment and the goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
6.5.
Debt
Term Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities
In June 2017, we entered into a new credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). Under the Credit Agreement, lenders extended credit to us in the form of a Term A loan, with an aggregate principal amount of  $250,000 (the “Term A Loan”) and a revolving credit facility, with an aggregate principal amount of $250,000 (the “Revolver,” and together with the Term A Loan, the “Credit Facilities”). We used the proceeds of  $314,138 from the Credit Facilities to repay all debt outstanding under the previous credit facilities as of the closing date and to pay fees and expenses of the transaction. We recorded a $2,598 loss on extinguishment of debt for certain unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount related to the retired debt.
Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at rates based on the ratio of the Company and its subsidiaries’ net consolidated first lien indebtedness to the Company and its subsidiaries’ consolidated EBITDA (the “First Lien Net Leverage Ratio”). The interest rate per annum applicable to the loans under the Credit Facilities is based on a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the sum of an applicable rate and, at the Company’s election from time to time, either (1) a Eurodollar rate determined by reference to LIBOR with a term as selected by the Company, or (2) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of  (a) the rate as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate,” (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (c) the LIBOR daily floating rate plus 1.00%.
In the case of LIBOR and Eurodollar rate loans, if the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio is (i) equal to or greater than 3.00:1.00; (ii) less than 3.00:1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.25:1.00; or, (iii) less than 2.25:1.00, the Credit Facilities have applicable rates equal to 2.00%; 1.75%; and, 1.50%, respectively. In the case of base rate loans, if the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio is (i) equal to or greater than 3.00:1.00; (ii) less than 3.00:1.00 but greater than or equal to 2.25:1.00; or, (iii) less than 2.25:1.00, the Credit Facilities have applicable rates equal to 1.00%; 0.75%; and, 0.50%, respectively.
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Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Credit Facilities are subject to various covenants that, among other things and subject to the permitted exceptions described therein, restrict us and our subsidiaries with respect to: (i) incurring additional debt; (ii) making certain restricted payments or making optional redemptions of other indebtedness; (iii) making investments or acquiring assets; (iv) disposing of assets (other than in the ordinary course of business); (v) creating any liens on our assets; (vi) entering into transactions with affiliates; (vii) entering into merger or consolidation transactions; and (viii) creating guarantee obligations; provided, however, that we are permitted to pay distributions to stockholders out of available cash subject to certain annual limitations and so long as no default or event of default under the Credit Facilities shall have occurred and be continuing at the time such distribution is
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declared. Indebtedness under the Credit Facilities is collateralized by a first priority lien on substantially all assets of Phibro and certain of our domestic subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains an acceleration clause should an event of default (as defined in the agreement) occur. The Credit Facilities mature on June 29, 2022.
The Credit Agreement requires, among other things, compliance with financial covenants that permit: (i) a maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 4.00:1.00 and, (ii) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00;3.00:1.00, each calculated on a trailing four-quarter basis. As of June 30, 2017,2019, we were in compliance with the financial covenants.
As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had $65,000$96,000 in borrowings under the Revolver and had outstanding letters of credit of  $5,957,$3,009, leaving $179,043$150,991 available for borrowings and letters of credit under the Revolver. We obtain letters of credit in connection with certain regulatory and insurance obligations, inventory purchases and other contractual obligations. The terms of these letters of credit are all less than one year.
As of June 30, 2017, the interest rates for the Revolver and the Term A Loan were 2.97% and 3.05%, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate for the previously outstanding revolver was 3.48% and 3.04% for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate for the previously outstanding Term B Loan was 4.06% and 4.00% for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million$150,000 of notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR or base rate portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement. We designated the interest rate swap as a highly effective cash flow hedge. For additional details, see “—Derivatives.”
As of June 30, 2019, the interest rates for the Revolver and the Term A Loan were 3.90% and 3.50%, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates for the Revolver were 3.86% and 3.20% for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates for the Term A Loan were 3.52% and 3.33% for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Foreign Credit Facilities
Our Israel subsidiaries have aggregate credit facilities available of approximately $13.6 million$14,000 (the “Israel Credit Facilities”). As of June 30, 2017,2019, we had no outstanding borrowings or other commitments outstanding under the Israel Credit Facilities. Interest rate elections under the Israel Credit Facilities are LIBOR plus 2.25% or Prime Rate plus 0.50%. The Israel Credit Facilities mature in October 2019 and March 2018 and April 2018.2020.
Long-Term Debt
As of June 302017201620192018
Term A Loan due June 2022$250,000$$231,250$243,750
Term B Loan due April 2021284,200
Capitalized lease obligations740118
250,000284,207231,290243,868
Unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount(1,859)(3,035)(1,115)(1,487)
248,141281,172230,175242,381
Less: current maturities(6,250)(2,907)(12,540)(12,579)
$241,891$278,265$217,635$229,802
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Aggregate Maturities of Long-Term Debt
For the Years Ended June 30
2018$6,250
201912,500
For the Year Ended June 30
202012,500$12,540
202118,75018,750
2022200,000200,000
Total$250,000$231,290
7.6.
Common Stock, Preferred Stock and Dividends
Preferred stock and common stock at June 30, 20172019 and 20162018 were:
20172016201720162019201820192018
As of June 30Authorized SharesPar valueIssued and outstanding sharesAuthorized SharesPar valueIssued and outstanding shares
Preferred stock16,000,00016,000,000$0.000116,000,00016,000,000$0.0001
Common stock–Class A300,000,000300,000,000$0.000119,249,13218,519,757300,000,000300,000,000$0.000120,287,57419,992,204
Common stock–Class B30,000,00030,000,000$0.000120,626,83620,887,81130,000,00030,000,000$0.000120,166,03420,365,504
Holders of our Class B common stock converted 199,470 and 261,332 Class B common shares to Class A common shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Common Stock
General
Except as otherwise provided by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or applicable law, the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock shall vote together as a single class. There are no cumulative voting rights.
Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefore,therefor, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and to any restrictions on the payment of dividends imposed by the terms of any outstanding preferred stock.
Upon our dissolution or liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will be entitled to receive our remaining assets available for distribution.
Class A Common Stock
Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
Holders of our Class A common stock do not have preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. Our Class A common stock is not convertible and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Class A common stock. Unless our Board of Directors determines otherwise, we will issue all of our capital stock in uncertificated form.
Class B Common Stock
Holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. BFI holds all of our outstanding Class B common stock.
Holders of our Class B common stock do not have preemptive or subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Class B common stock.
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Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for certain transfers by and among BFI, its affiliates and certain Bendheim family members, as described in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Once transferred and converted into Class A common stock, the Class B common stock will not be reissued. In addition, all shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert to shares of Class A common stock when the outstanding shares of Class B common stock and Class A common stock held by BFI, its affiliates and certain Bendheim family members, together, is less than 15% of the total outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, taken as a single class.
Holders of our Class B common stock have the right to require us to register the sales of their shares under the Securities Act, under the terms of an agreement between us and the holders.
Preferred Stock
We do not have any preferred stock outstanding. Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue shares of preferred stock from time to time on terms it may determine, to divide shares of preferred stock into one or more series and to fix the designations, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preference, sinking fund terms, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
Dividends
We declared and paid quarterly cash dividends totaling $15,827$18,592 for the year ended June 30, 2017,2019, to holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock.
8.7.
Stock OptionIncentive Plan
In March 2008, our Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2008 Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). The Incentive Plan provides directors, officers, employees and consultants to the Company with opportunities to purchase common stock pursuant to options that may be granted, and receive grants of restricted stock and other stock-based awards granted, from time to time by the Board of Directors or a committee approved by the Board. The Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock awards and other incentives for up to 6,630,000 shares. There were 5,131,6204,881,620 Class A shares available for grant pursuant to the Incentive Plan as of June 30, 2017.2019.
There was no compensation expense recognized relatedRestricted Stock Units
In May 2018, PAHC’s Compensation Committee approved the grant of 250,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employeean officer of the Company, pursuant to the Incentive Plan. Each RSU represents the right to receive a share of our common stock options for all periods presentedupon vesting. A portion of the RSUs are subject to performance-based vesting (the “Performance-Based RSUs”). The Performance-Based RSUs will vest in the consolidated financial statements. The following table details stock option activity for 2017:
Option
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Outstanding, June 30, 20161,046,040$11.83
Exercised(468,400)$11.83
Outstanding, June 30, 2017577,640$11.83
Exercisable, June 30, 2017577,640$11.83
At June 30, 2017, exercisable options had a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 1.7 years and had a $14,568 aggregate intrinsic value,increments from 15% to 100% based on the 90-day average of the Company’s common stock price from $30 to $80 ending on December 31, 2020. A portion of the RSUs are subject to time-based vesting (the “Time-Based RSUs”). The Time-Based RSUs will vest on December 31, 2020, provided the individual remains employed with the Company or is terminated under a qualifying termination.
We used a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the grant date fair value of the Performance-Based RSUs. Assumptions used by the model were based on information as of the grant date and included: risk-free rate of return of 2.59%; expected volatility of 31.94%; and, an expected dividend yield of 0.95%. The risk-free rate of return is based on U.S. treasury yields for bonds with similar maturities. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected dividend yield considers estimated annual dividends and the closing marketshare price at that date.of the underlying common stock.
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9.The fair value of the Time-Based RSUs is equal to the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends over the vesting period.
The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs:
RSUsGrant Date
Fair Value
per RSU Share
Grant Date
Fair Value
Performance-Based RSUs Granted
May 2018
200,000$19.63$3,926
Time-Based RSUs Granted May 201850,000$41.10$2,055
Outstanding June 30, 2019 and 2018250,000$23.92$5,981
We will recognize the total grant date fair value of the RSUs as stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $2,259 and $334 for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We expect stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs will be $$2,259 and $1,129 in 2020 and 2021, respectively.
Stock Options
There was no stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements. The following table details stock option activity.
Option
Shares
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Outstanding, June 30, 201895,900$11.83
Exercised(95,900)$11.83
Outstanding, June 30, 2019$
8.
Related Party Transactions
Certain relatives of Jack C. Bendheim, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, provided services to us as employees or consultants and received aggregate compensation and benefits of approximately $1,969, $1,857 and $1,735 $1,910during 2019, 2018 and $1,927 during 2017, 2016 and 2015.respectively. Mr. Bendheim has sole authority to vote shares of our stock owned by BFI Co., LLC, an investment vehicle of the Bendheim family.
10.9.
Employee Benefit Plans
The Company maintainsDomestic Pension Plan
We maintain a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan for all domestic nonunion employees employed on or prior to December 31, 2013, who meet certain requirements of age, length of service and hours worked per year. Plan benefits are based upon years of service and average compensation, as defined. The measurement dates for the pension plan were as of June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 2015.2017.
In July 2016, weWe amended the domestic noncontributory defined benefit pension plan to eliminate credit for future service and compensation increases, effective as of September 30, 2016. The amendment resulted in a curtailment of the pension plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a pension curtailment gain of  $6,822 recorded in other comprehensive income and an offsetting reduction in the liability for pension benefits included in other liabilities.
income. Separately, we offered a lump sum payment option to certain pension plan participants. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, we recognizedcompleted a partial settlement of the pension plan with respect to the lump sum settlement, which resulted in a charge to the consolidated statementNovember 2016 and recognized $1,702 of operations of  $1,702, which we recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.
Changes in the projected benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status of the domestic noncontributory defined benefit plan were:
For the Years Ended June 3020172016
Change in projected benefit obligation
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year$75,664$62,605
Service cost8452,939
Interest cost2,0452,893
Benefits paid(1,521)(1,271)
Actuarial (gain) loss(1,448)8,498
Liability (gain) loss due to curtailment(6,822)
Settlement payments(5,503)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year$ 63,260$ 75,664
For the Years Ended June 3020172016
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$54,293$44,032
Actual return on plan assets5,647(1,202)
Employer contributions4,19412,734
Benefits paid(1,521)(1,271)
Settlement payments(5,503)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$ 57,110$54,293
Funded status at end of year$(6,150)$(21,371)
The funded status is included in other liabilitiesexpense in the consolidated balance sheets.statements of operations.
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Changes in the projected benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status of the plan were:
For the Year Ended June 3020192018
Change in projected benefit obligation
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year$61,557$63,260
Interest cost2,4072,157
Benefits paid��(1,758)(2,196)
Actuarial (gain) loss6,321(1,664)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year$68,527$61,557
For the Year Ended June 3020192018
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$58,648$57,110
Actual return on plan assets6,860965
Employer contributions8422,768
Benefits paid(1,757)(2,195)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$64,593$58,648
Funded status at end of year$(3,934)$(2,909)
The funded status is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company expects to contribute approximately $4,109$670 to the pension plan during 2018.2020. We seek to maintain an asset balance that meets the long-term funding requirements identified by actuarial projections while also satisfying ERISA fiduciary responsibilities.
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) lossincome (loss) related to the pension plan was:
For the Years Ended June 3020172016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss Related to Pension Plan
Balance at beginning of period$30,977$19,884
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service costs(9,213)(1,784)
Current period net actuarial (gain) loss(3,705)12,877
Net change(12,918)11,093
Balance at end of period$18,059$30,977
For the Year Ended June 3020192018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related to Pension Plan
Balance at beginning of period$(18,213)$(18,059)
Amortization of net actuarial loss465453
Current period net actuarial (loss) gain(2,302)(607)
Net change(1,837)(154)
Balance at end of period$(20,050)$(18,213)
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service costs will be approximately $407$485 during 2018.2020.
Net periodic pension expense was:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Service cost–benefits earned during the year$845$2,939$2,954$$$845
Interest cost on benefit obligation2,0452,8932,6182,4072,1572,045
Expected return on plan assets(3,389)(3,177)(2,828)(2,842)(3,236)(3,389)
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service costs6721,7841,405
Amortization of net actuarial loss465453672
Curtailment expense1616
Settlement expense1,7021,702
Net pension expense$1,891$4,439$4,149
Net periodic pension expense$30$(626)$1,891
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Significant actuarial assumptions for the plan were:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Discount rate for service cost4.0%4.6%4.5%N/AN/A4.0%
Discount rate for interest cost3.2%4.6%4.5%3.1%3.9%3.2%
Expected rate of return on plan assets6.1%6.1%6.7%4.9%5.6%6.1%
Discount rate for year-end benefit obligation3.9%3.9%4.6%3.6%4.2%3.9%
The plan used the Aon Hewitt AA Bond Universe as a benchmark for its discount rate as of June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 2015.2017. The discount rate is determined by matching the pension plan’s timing and amount of expected cash outflows to a bond yield curve constructed from a population of AA-rated corporate bond issues that are generally non-callable and have at least $250 million par value outstanding. From this, the discount rate that results in the same present value is calculated. During fiscal 2017, the plan was re-measured July 31 and October 31 to recognize a plan freeze and lump sum window, respectively. The discount rate for 2017 service cost and interest cost noted above was determined as the weighted average of the discount rates used for each portion of the fiscal year in effect.
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Estimated future benefit payments including benefits attributable to future service, are:
For the Years Ended June 30
2018$2,156
20192,388
20202,612
20212,815
20223,014
2023–202717,073
For the Year Ended June 30
2020$2,599
20212,878
20223,113
20233,318
20243,474
2025–202918,828
The plan’s target asset allocations for 20182020 and the weighted-average asset allocation of plan assets as of June 30, 20172019 and 20162018 are:
Target
Allocation
Percentage of Plan AssetsTarget
Allocation
Percentage of Plan Assets
For the years ended June 30201820172016
For the Year Ended June 30202020192018
Debt securities48%–68%33%19%57%–77%67%63%
Equity securities20%–40%38%43%18%–38%28%26%
Global asset allocation/risk parity(1)
2%–22%17%26%0%–15%4%10%
Other0%–10%12%12%0%–10%1%1%
(1)
The global asset allocation/risk parity category consists of a variety of asset classes including, but not limited to, global bonds, global equities, real estate and commodities.
The expected long-term rate of return for the plan’s total assets is generally based on the plan’s asset mix. In determining the rate to use, we consider the expected long-term real returns on asset categories, expectations for inflation, estimates of the effect of active management and actual historical returns.
The investment policy and strategy is to earn a long-term investment return sufficient to meet the obligations of the plans,plan, while assuming a moderate amount of risk in order to maximize investment return. In order to achieve this goal, assets are invested in a diversified portfolio consisting of equity securities, debt securities, and other investments in a manner consistent with ERISA’s fiduciary requirements.
The fair values of the Company’s plan assets by asset category were:
Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2017Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash and cash equivalents$3,023$$$3,023
Common-collective funds
Global large cap equities12,3857,13219,517
Fixed income securities16,8501,13617,986
Global asset allocations/risk parity5,8225,822
Mutual funds
Global Equities1,9721,972
Fixed income securities1,0991,099
Global asset allocations/risk parity
Other
Global asset allocations/risk parity4,1034,103
Other3,5883,588
$6,094$35,057$15,959$57,110
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Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2016Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash and cash equivalents$713$$$713
Common-collective funds
Global large cap equities11,9636,59618,559
Fixed income securities7,5837,583
Global asset allocations/risk parity4,8784,878
Mutual funds
Global Equities4,6114,611
Fixed income securities1,3661,366
Global asset allocations/risk parity2,6672,667
Other
Fixed income securities1,4341,434
Global asset allocations/risk parity6,5546,554
Other5,9295,929
$9,357$24,424$20,513$54,294
The fair values of the plan assets by asset category were:
Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2019Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash and cash equivalents$215$$$215
Common-collective funds
Global large cap equities13,9954,01618,011
Fixed income securities43,28843,288
Global asset allocations/risk parity1,4461,446
Other
Global asset allocations/risk parity1,4471,447
Other186186
$215$58,729$5,649$64,593
Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2018Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash and cash equivalents$428$$$428
Common-collective funds
Global large cap equities11,6323,81115,443
Fixed income securities36,67136,671
Global asset allocations/risk parity2,9572,957
Other
Global asset allocations/risk parity2,8812,881
Other268268
$428$51,260$6,960$58,648
The table below provides a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets:
Change in Fair Value Level 3 assets20172016
Change in Fair Value of Level 3 assets20192018
Balance at beginning of period$20,513$8,989$6,960$15,959
Redemptions(9,353)(3,656)(4,336)(9,901)
Purchases2,53315,6952,800
Change in fair value2,266(515)225902
Balance at end of period$15,959$20,513$5,649$6,960
The following outlines the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value of our pension plan assets:

Cash and cash equivalents are valued at $1 per unit;

Common-collective funds are determined based on current market values of the underlying assets of the fund;

Mutual funds and foreign currency deposits are valued using quoted market prices in active markets; and

For Level 3 managed assets, business appraisers use a combination of valuations and appraisal methodologies, as well as a number of assumptions to create a price that brokers evaluate. For Level 3 non-managed assets, pricing is provided by various sources, such as issuer or investment manager.
Our consolidated balance sheets include other liabilities of  $15,139 and $14,898 as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for otherOther employee benefits, including international retirementbenefit plans supplemental retirement benefits and long term incentive arrangements. Expense under these plans was $4,304, $5,239, and $3,286 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
We provide a 401(k) retirement savings plan, under which United States employees may make pre-tax and post-tax contributions. We makeThe Company contributes: (i) a matching contribution equal to 100% of the first 1% of an employee’s contribution and make a matching contribution equal to 50% of the next 5% of an employee’s contribution. Effective January 1, 2014, for domestic employees hired on or after that date and effective October 1, 2016, for all domestic employees, such employees receive a non-elective Company contribution of 3% of compensation and are eligible to receive an additional discretionary contribution of up to 4% of
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the first 6% of an employee’s contribution; and, (ii) an additional discretionary contribution of up to 4.5% of compensation, depending on the employee’s age and years of service, provided that such paymentscontributions comply with mandatoryERISA non-discrimination testing. Participantsrequirements. Employee and Company contributions are fullysubject to certain ERISA limitations. Employees are immediately vested in employer contributions after two years of service.Company contributions. Our contribution expense was $5,201, $4,937, and $4,154, $2,309,in 2019, 2018 and $1,583, in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
11.Our consolidated balance sheets include other employee-related liabilities of  $17,391 and $15,536 as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, including international retirement plans, supplemental retirement benefits and long-term incentive arrangements. Expense under these plans was $5,685, $4,009, and $4,304 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
10.
Income Taxes
In December 2017, the United States government enacted comprehensive income tax legislation (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to United States income tax law and includes numerous elements that affect the Company, including a reduced federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, creating a territorial tax system that includes a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings and changes to business-related exclusions, deductions and credits. Our provision for income taxes reflects a statutory 21.0% and 28.1% weighted-average federal income tax rate for our fiscal years ending June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Tax Act also has consequences related to our international operations.
We have elected to record Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (loss)(GILTI) aspects of comprehensive U.S. income tax legislation as a period expense. The provision for income taxes for the year ended June 30, 2019, included $537 of federal tax expense from the effects of GILTI.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we completed our accounting for the Tax Act and recorded a benefit in the provision for income taxes of  $360 related to the previously recorded one-time mandatory toll charge on deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. We also recorded a benefit in the provision of income taxes of  $1,032 as a result of retroactive elections made on certain of our foreign tax credits.
Our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018, reflected the provisional effects of the Tax Act, including:

a $2,289 provision for income taxes and reduction in deferred tax assets for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the reduced income tax rate

$403 provision for income taxes and increase in current liabilities to reflect the one-time mandatory toll charge on the deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.
Income before income taxes was:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Domestic$18,015$2,027$15,937$2,331$19,819$18,015
Foreign62,52874,73462,82669,17468,25162,528
Income (loss) before income taxes$80,543$76,761$78,763
Income before income taxes$71,505$88,070$80,543
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Components of the provision for income taxes were:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Current provision (benefit):
Federal$383$(2,889)$(468)$(459)$81$383
State and local724(474)(48)1021,744724
Foreign14,83920,16813,86816,60315,26814,839
Total current provision15,94616,80513,35216,24617,09315,946
Deferred provision (benefit):
Federal4,675(2,985)6,1578582,7464,675
State and local2519111,3114322,156251
Foreign(833)(989)5,933(691)769(833)
Change in valuation allowance–domestic(19,588)(7,468)
Change in valuation allowance–foreign(4,111)(121)(802)(53)423(4,111)
Total deferred provision(18)(22,772)5,131
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$15,928$(5,967)$18,483
Total deferred provision (benefit)5466,094(18)
Provision for income taxes$16,792$23,187$15,928
During 2017, based on continued profitability, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the value of certain foreign deferred tax assets would be realized, and it was no longer necessary to maintain a related valuation allowance. Accordingly, we released the valuation allowance related to these foreign deferred tax assets. We review the realizability of our deferred tax assets when circumstances indicate a review is required.
so indicate.
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ReconciliationsReconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate were:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Federal income tax rate35.0%35.0%35.0%21.0%28.1%35.0%
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit0.90.20.20.61.50.9
Change in federal valuation allowance(27.8)(7.8)
Change in foreign valuation allowance(5.1)
Foreign income tax rates(6.8)(5.5)(2.2)6.9(1.5)(6.8)
Foreign withholding tax0.10.10.3
Foreign incentive tax rates(3.1)(4.5)(4.1)(2.8)(3.3)(3.1)
Domestic tax on foreign income2.72.70.92.7
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions1.6(4.9)1.5
Changes in uncertain tax positions(1.0)1.11.6
Permanent items(0.9)1.5(0.6)0.60.5(0.9)
Exercise of employee stock options(3.8)(4.6)(0.4)(4.3)(3.8)
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income0.8
Mandatory toll charge from Tax Act(0.5)0.5
Reduction of domestic deferred tax assets2.6
Reduction of foreign deferred tax assets1.3
Recognition of federal tax credits(1.1)
Recognition of foreign tax credits(1.4)(0.7)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income0.6
Release of foreign valuation allowance(5.1)
Other(0.8)0.3(0.8)(0.1)(0.7)
Effective tax rate19.8%(7.8)%23.5%23.5%26.3%19.8%
We have not provided for United States or additional foreign taxes on approximately $211,631 ofThe undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries whichwere subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. If amounts are repatriated from certain of our foreign subsidiaries, we could be subject to additional non-U.S. income and withholding taxes. We consider undistributed earnings have been or are intendedof such foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. It isWe do not practicable at this time to determine the amount ofprovide income tax liability that would result should such earnings be repatriated. Taxes are not providedtaxes for foreign currency translation adjustments relating to investments in international subsidiaries that will be held indefinitely.
The tax effects of significant temporary differences that comprise deferred tax assets and liabilities were:
As of June 3020172016
Deferred tax assets:
Employee related accruals$7,146$12,603
Inventory4,8512,573
Environmental remediation2,2802,208
Net operating loss carry forwards–domestic4,89313,768
Net operating loss carry forwards–foreign4,0234,346
Other11,1397,566
34,33243,064
Valuation allowance(438)(4,614)
33,89438,450
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets(9,671)(9,725)
Other(2,004)(1,956)
(11,675)(11,681)
Net deferred tax asset$22,219$26,769
Deferred taxes are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
As of June 3020172016
Other assets$23,269$28,019
Other liabilities(1,050)(1,250)
$ 22,219$ 26,769
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The tax effects of significant temporary differences that comprise deferred tax assets and liabilities were:
As of June 3020192018
Deferred tax assets:
Employee related accruals$5,735$4,952
Inventory4,7663,953
Environmental remediation1,1281,341
Net operating loss carry forwards–domestic9021,577
Net operating loss carry forwards–foreign3,7033,243
Other6,3029,986
22,53625,052
Valuation allowance(808)(861)
21,72824,191
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets(6,071)(8,957)
Other(772)(1,906)
(6,843)(10,863)
Net deferred tax asset$14,885$13,328
Deferred taxes are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
As of June 3020192018
Other assets$16,770$15,424
Other liabilities(1,885)(2,096)
$14,885$13,328
The valuation allowancesallowance for deferred tax assets were:
As of June 30201720162015201920182017
Balance at beginning of period$4,614$26,622$32,892$861$438$4,614
Provision for income taxes(4,111)(19,709)(6,270)(53)423(4,111)
Net operating loss utilization(65)(2,299)(65)
Balance at end of period$438$4,614$26,622$808$861$438
The valuation allowanceallowances for deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 iswere solely related to foreign jurisdictions.
The Company has approximately $9,191 of domestic federal net operating loss carry forwards that expire in 2028 through 2036 and approximately $32,555We have $15,067 of state net operating loss carry forwards that will expire in 20172018 through 2036.2037. In addition, the Company has approximately $11,915we have $13,754 of foreign net operating loss carry forwards, most of which are in jurisdictions that have no expiration.
As tax law is complex and often subject to varied interpretations, it is uncertain whether some of our tax positions will be sustained upon examination. Tax liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions represent unrecognized tax benefits, which arise when the estimated benefit recorded in our financial statements differs from the amounts taken or expected to be taken in a tax return because of the uncertainties described above. Substantially all of these unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would benefit our effective income tax rate.
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The reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits follows:
As of June 30201720162015201920182017
Unrecognized tax benefits–beginning of period$4,946$8,078$7,420$7,000$6,553$4,946
Tax position changes–prior periods188(24)
Tax position changes–current period1,4904721,9455281,7491,490
Tax position changes–prior periods, net of settlements with tax authorities(317)(994)
Lapse of statute of limitations(391)(3,700)(907)(1,053)(391)
Translation508(92)(356)185(308)508
Unrecognized tax benefits–end of period6,5534,9468,0786,3437,0006,553
Interest and penalties–end of period4493081,326750633449
Total liabilities related to uncertain tax
positions
$7,002$5,254$9,404$7,093$7,633$7,002
We recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of the provision for income taxes. We recognized interest and penalties expense (income) of  $94, $203 and $116 $(980)for 2019, 2018 and $66 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
During 2018,2020, we potentially will reverse $300$1,868 of uncertain tax positions as a result of the lapse of the statute of limitations, with a corresponding benefit to the provision for income taxes.
One of our international subsidiaries is undergoing an income tax examination for the years 2013 and 2014. The examination is ongoing and is expected to be completed during 2018. We are unable to determine the effect, if any, of the results of the examination on the provision for income taxes.
Income tax returns for the following periods are no longer subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities:

U.S. federal and significant states, through June 30, 2007;

Brazil, through December 31, 2011;2013;

Israel, through June 30, 20122014 for certain subsidiaries and through June 30, 20132015 for certain subsidiaries.
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12.11.
Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
We lease land and office, warehouse and manufacturing equipment and facilities for minimum annual rentals, plus certain cost escalations. We record rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
At June 30, 2017,2019, we had the following future minimum lease commitments:
For the Years Ended June 30
Non-cancellable
operating leases
2018$5,363
20194,584
For the Year Ended June 30
Capital
leases
Non-cancellable
operating leases
20203,972$40$5,815
20213,4304,160
20222,8333,191
20231,445
2024865
Thereafter2,607765
Total minimum lease payments$22,789$40$16,241
Rent expense under operating leases was $9,103, $8,453, and $7,715 $8,131,for 2019, 2018 and $7,240 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Environmental
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations, including those governing pollution; protection of the environment; the use, management, and release of hazardous materials, substances and wastes; air emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; water use, supply and discharges; the investigation and remediation of contamination; the manufacture, distribution, and sale of regulated materials, including pesticides; the importing, exporting and transportation of products; and the health and safety of our employees (collectively, “Environmental Laws”). As such, the nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties, and remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. Under certain circumstances, we might be required to curtail operations until a particular problem is remedied. Known costs and expenses under Environmental Laws incidental to ongoing operations, including the cost of litigation proceedings relating to environmental matters, are included within operating results. Potential costs and expenses may also be incurred in connection with the repair or upgrade of facilities to meet existing or new requirements under Environmental Laws or to investigate or remediate potential or actual contamination and from time to time we establish reserves for such contemplated investigation and remediation costs. In many instances, the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred are difficult to predict.
While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring efforts to address contamination associated with historic operations of the sites. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under, and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the effect of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or the cost of compliance.
The nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to environmental matters and we cannot assure we will not incur material costs and liabilities in connection with such claims. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) is investigating and planning for the remediation of offsite contaminated groundwater that has migrated from the Omega Chemical Corporation Superfund Site (“Omega Chemical Site”), which is upgradient of Phibro-Tech’s Santa Fe Springs, California facility. The EPA has named Phibro-Tech and certain other subsidiaries of PAHC as potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) due to groundwater contamination from Phibro-Tech’s Santa Fe Springs facility that has allegedly commingled with contaminated groundwater from the Omega Chemical Site. In September 2012, the EPA notified approximately 140 PRPs, including Phibro-Tech and the other subsidiaries, that they have been identified as potentially responsible for remedial action for the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site and for EPA oversight and response costs. Phibro-Tech contends that any groundwater contamination at its site is localized and due to historical operations that pre-date Phibro-Tech and/or contaminated groundwater that has migrated from upgradient properties. In addition, a successor to a prior owner of the Phibro-Tech site has asserted that PAHC and Phibro-Tech are obligated to provide indemnification for its potential liability and defense costs relating to the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site. Phibro-Tech has vigorously contested this position and has asserted that the successor to the prior owner is required to indemnify Phibro-Tech for its potential liability and defense costs. Furthermore, a nearby property owner has filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California against many of the PRPs allegedly associated with the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site (including Phibro-Tech) for alleged contamination of groundwater underneath its property, and a group of companies that sent chemicals to the Omega Chemical Site for processing and recycling has filed a complaint under CERCLA RCRA and the common law public nuisance doctrineRCRA in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against many of the PRPs allegedly associated with the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site (including Phibro-Tech) for contribution
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toward past and future costs associated with the investigation and remediation of the groundwater plume affected by the Omega Chemical Site. Due to the ongoing nature of the EPA’s investigation, the preliminary stage of the ongoing litigation and Phibro-Tech’s dispute with the prior owner’s successor, at this time we cannot predict with any degree of certainty what, if any, liability Phibro-Tech or the other subsidiaries may ultimately have for investigation, remediation and the EPA oversight and response costs associated with the affected groundwater plume.
Based upon information available, to the extent such costs can be estimated with reasonable certainty, we estimated the cost for further investigation and remediation of identified soil and groundwater problems at operating sites, closed sites and third-party sites, and closure costs for closed sites, to be approximately $7,211$5,890 and $7,024$6,833 at June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively, which is included in current and long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. However, future events, such as new information, changes in existing Environmental Laws or their interpretation, and more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies, may give rise to additional expenditures or liabilities that could be material. For all purposes of the discussion under this caption and elsewhere in this report, it should be noted that we take and have taken the position that neither PAHC nor any of our subsidiaries is liable for environmental or other claims made against one or more of our other subsidiaries or for which any of such other subsidiaries may ultimately be responsible.
Claims and Litigation
During 2017, we recorded a $7,500 gain in selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from a payment to us by an insurance carrier. The payment reflected the settlement of our claims against the carrier under our liability insurance policies, which arose from damages incurred in 2010 by certain customers resulting from the use of one of our animal health products.
PAHC and its subsidiaries are party to a number of claims and lawsuits arising out of the normal course of business including product liabilities, payment disputes and governmental regulation. Certain of these actions seek damages in various amounts. In many cases, such claims are covered by insurance. We believe that none of the claims or pending lawsuits, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
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Employment and Severance Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with certain executive management and other employees that specify severance benefits of up to 15 months of the employee’s compensation.
13.12.
Derivatives
We monitor our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and from time-to-time use derivatives to manage certain of these risks. The foreign currency derivatives generally have an expiration or maturity of two years or less and are intended to hedge cash flows related to the purchase of inventory. We designate derivatives as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of the cash flows to be received or paid in the future related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge). We record the portion of theAll changes in the fair value of the derivative, related to a hedged asset or liability (thehighly effective portion), in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As the hedged item is sold, we recognize the gain or losscash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the consolidated statements of operations on the same line where the hedged item is charged when released/sold. We immediately recognize in the consolidated statements of operations in the same line as the hedged item, the portion of the changes in fair value of derivatives used as cash flow hedges that is not offset by changes in the expected cash flows related to a recognized asset or liability (the ineffective portion).
We routinely assess whether the derivatives used to hedge transactions are effective. If we determine a derivative ceases to be an effective hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting in the period of the assessment for that derivative, and immediately recognize any unrealized gains or losses related to the fair value of that derivative in the consolidated statements of operations.
We record derivatives at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. For additional details regarding fair value, see “—Fair Value Measurements.”
We entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150,000 of notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt, to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325% plus the applicable rate. The agreement matures concurrent with the Credit Agreement. The forecasted transactions are probable of occurring, and the interest rate swap has been designated as a highly effective cash flow hedge.
We entered into foreign currency option contracts to hedge cash flows related to monthly inventory purchases. The individual option contracts mature monthly through June 2020. The forecasted inventory purchases are probable of occurring and the individual option contracts were designated as highly effective cash flow hedges.
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The following table details the Company’s outstanding derivatives that are designated and effective as cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2017:2019:
InstrumentHedgeNotional
amount at
June 30, 2017
Fair value as of June 30,HedgeNotional
Amount at
June 30, 2019
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
Asset (Liability)
fair value as of
20172016June 30,
2019
June 30,
2018
OptionsBrazilian Real calls​R$ 39,000​$2,686$3,027Brazilian Real callsR$ 43,000(1)$413$71
OptionsBrazilian Real puts​R$ 39,000​$$(372)Brazilian Real putsR$ 43,000(1)$(30)$
SwapInterest rate swap$150,000Other assets
(Other liabilities)
$(977)$5,078
The
(1)
We record the net fair values of our outstanding foreign currency option contracts within the respective balance sheet line item based on the net financial position and maturity date of the individual contracts as of the balance sheet date. Other current assets as of June 30, 2017, are unrealized2019 and will fluctuate basedJune 30, 2018, included net fair values of $383 and $71, respectively.
The following tables show the effects of derivatives on future exchange rates until the derivative contracts mature. Otherconsolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss) included $31 of unrecognized gains for the twelve monthsyears ended June 30, 2017. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at June 30, 2017 included $2,686 of net unrecognized gains on derivative instruments; we estimate that $1,759 of those gains will be recognized in earnings within the next twelve months. At June 30, 2017, realized gains of  $1,011 related to matured contracts were recorded as a component of inventory. We anticipate these gains will be recognized as an offset to cost of goods sold within the next twelve months. At June 30, 2016, realized losses of  $1,528 related to matured contracts were recorded as a component of inventory2019 and subsequently recognized in cost of goods sold during 2017. 2018.
For the Year Ended June 30Gain (Loss) recorded in OCIGain (Loss) recognized in consolidated
statements of operations
Consolidated Statement of
Operations Line Item Total
InstrumentHedge20192018
Consolidated
Statement of
Operations
2019201820192018
OptionsBrazilian Real calls$475$(2,778)Cost of goods sold$1,069$3,136$563,371$553,103
SwapInterest rate swap$(6,055)$5,078Interest expense, net$$$11,776$11,910
We recognize gains (losses) related to these derivative instrumentsforeign currency derivatives as a component of cost of goods sold at the time the hedged item is sold.
14.13.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value using the three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The determination of the applicable level within the hierarchy of a particular asset or liability depends on the inputs used in the valuation as of the measurement date, notably the extent to which the inputs are market-based (observable) or internally derived (unobservable). Observable inputs are inputs that market
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participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on a company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:
Level 1—
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—
Significant observable inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data.
Level 3—
Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available, and that are significant to the overall fair value measurement, are employed that require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
In assessing the fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, we used a variety of methods and assumptions that were based on estimates of market conditions and risks existing at the time.
Short-term investments
As of June 30, 2019, our short-term investments consist of cash deposits held at financial institutions. We consider the carrying amounts of these short-term investments to be representative of their fair value.
Current Assets and Liabilities
We consider the carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities to be representative of their fair value because of the current nature of these items.
Letters of Credit
We obtain letters of credit in connection with certain regulatory and insurance obligations, inventory purchases and other contractual obligations. The carrying values of these letters of credit are considered to be representative of their fair values because of the nature of the instruments.
Debt
We record debt, including term loans and revolver balances, at book value in our consolidated financial statements. We believe the carrying value of the debt is approximately equal to its fair value, due to the variable nature of the instruments.
Contingent Consideration on Acquisitions
We determine the fair value of contingent consideration on acquisitions based on contractual terms, our current forecast of performance factors related to the acquired business and an applicable discount rate.
Derivatives
We determine the fair value of derivative instruments based upon pricing models using observable market inputs for these types of financial instruments, such as spot and forward currency translation rates.
As of June 3020172016
Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
Derivatives asset$   —$2,686$$   —$2,655$
Contingent consideration on acquisitions$$$(7,644)$$$(6,745)
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Fair Value of Assets (Liabilities)
As of June 3020192018
Level 1Level 2Level 1Level 2
Short-term investments$24,000$$50,000$
Derivatives asset (liability)$$383$$71
Interest rate swap (liability)$$(977)$$5,078
There were no Level 3 Assets (Liabilities)
The table below provides a summaryfair value measurements as of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets (liabilities):periods presented.
20172016
Balance, June 30, 2016$(6,745)$(5,465)
Adjustment to contingent consideration404
Acquisition-related accrued interest(1,373)(1,476)
Payment70196
Balance, June 30, 2017$(7,644)$(6,745)
For a detailed discussion on the fair value of our pension plan assets, see “—Employee Benefit Plans.”
15.14.
Business Segments
The Animal Health segment manufactures and markets a broad range of products for food animals, including poultry, swine, cattle, dairy and aquaculture. The business includes net sales of medicated feed additives and other related products, nutritional specialty products and vaccines. The Mineral Nutrition segment manufactures and markets a broad range of trace minerals for food animals. The Performance Products segment manufactures and markets a variety of products for use in the personal care, automotive, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries.
We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on the Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products segments. Certain of our costs and assets are not directly attributable to these segments and we refer to these items as Corporate. We do not allocate Corporate costs or assets to the segments because they are not used to evaluate the segments’ operating results or financial position. Corporate costs include certain costs related to executive management, business technology, legal, finance, human resources and business development. Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, certain debt issue costs, income tax related assets and certain other assets.
We evaluate performance of our segments based on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as income before income taxes plus (a) interest expense, net, (b) depreciation and amortization, (c) (income) loss from, and disposal of, discontinued operations, (d) other expense or less other income, as separately reported on our consolidated statements of operations, including foreign currency gains and losses and loss on extinguishment of debt, and (e) certain items that we consider to be unusual, non-operational or non-recurring.
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The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included herein.
For the Year Ended June 30201920182017
Net sales
Animal Health$531,974$531,727$497,745
Mineral Nutrition233,782234,922218,298
Performance Products62,23953,33348,238
Total segments$827,995$819,982$764,281
Depreciation and amortization
Animal Health$22,312$21,447$20,132
Mineral Nutrition2,3192,3712,332
Performance Products1,1271,029939
Total segments$25,758$24,847$23,403
Adjusted EBITDA
Animal Health$136,049$141,914$130,261
Mineral Nutrition15,71218,58317,426
Performance Products4,7281,8812,057
Total segments$156,489$162,378$149,744
Reconciliation of income before income taxes to
Adjusted EBITDA
Income before income taxes$71,505$88,070$80,543
Interest expense, net11,77611,91014,906
Depreciation and amortization–Total segments25,75824,84723,403
Depreciation and amortization–Corporate1,8062,0962,598
Corporate costs38,45233,42029,625
Restructuring costs6,281
Stock-based compensation2,259334
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold1,671
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,1521,680
Acquisition-related transaction costs2134001,274
Acquisition-related other, net(468)(972)
Other(1,506)
Pension settlement cost��1,702
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(55)(1,054)(113)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Adjusted EBITDA–Total segments$156,489$162,378$149,744
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
Net sales
MFAs and other$321,430$339,916$335,735
Nutritional Specialties111,28294,08481,702
Vaccines65,03352,14053,363
Animal Health497,745486,140470,800
Mineral Nutrition218,298216,685227,102
Performance Products48,23848,70150,689
Total segments$764,281$751,526$748,591
Depreciation and amortization
Animal Health$20,132$17,149$15,430
Mineral Nutrition2,3322,4672,468
Performance Products939807577
Total segments$23,403$20,423$18,475
Adjusted EBITDA
Animal Health$130,261$127,442$120,259
Mineral Nutrition17,42614,97114,429
Performance Products2,0579702,646
Total segments$149,744$143,383$137,334
Reconciliation of income before income taxes to Adjusted EBITDA
Income before income taxes$80,543$76,761$78,763
Interest expense, net14,90616,59214,305
Depreciation and amortization–Total
segments
23,40320,42318,475
Depreciation and amortization–Corporate2,5983,0293,129
Corporate costs29,62529,32327,315
Acquisition-related cost of goods sold2,566
Acquisition-related accrued compensation1,6801,680747
Acquisition-related transaction costs1,274618
Acquisition-related other, net(972)
Pension settlement cost1,702
Gain on insurance settlement(7,500)
Foreign currency (gains) losses, net(113)(7,609)(5,400)
Loss on extinguishment of debt2,598
Adjusted EBITDA–Total segments$149,744$143,383$137,334
Acquisition-related other, net includes the net effect of adjustments to contingent consideration on acquisitions and impairments of intangible assets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
As of June 302017201620192018
Identifiable assets
Animal Health$442,521$444,751$508,864$455,704
Mineral Nutrition55,18457,93967,66269,779
Performance Products23,68121,55732,88624,040
Total segments521,386524,247609,412549,523
Corporate102,01183,588117,259122,156
Total$623,397$607,835$726,671$671,679
The Animal Health segment includes all goodwill of the Company. The Animal Health segment includes advances to and investment in an equity method investee of  $3,719$3,287 and $4,076$3,432 as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. The Performance Products segment includes an investment in an equity method investee of  $516$759 and $504$437 as of June 30, 20172019 and 2016,2018, respectively. Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, certainshort-term investments, debt issuance costs, income tax related assets and certain other assets.
16.
Geographic Information
The following is information about our geographic operations. Information is attributed to the geographic areas based on the locationslocation of our subsidiaries.property, plant and equipment, net was:
For the Years Ended June 30201720162015
Net sales
United States$484,148$473,247$475,942
Israel92,75289,99993,459
Latin America and Canada96,687105,66799,578
Europe and Africa40,21136,17736,397
Asia/Pacific50,48346,43643,215
$764,281$751,526$748,591
As of June 3020172016
Property, plant and equipment, net
United States$56,459$56,735
Israel47,02746,706
Brazil22,79322,720
Other1,0721,162
$127,351$127,323
As of June 3020192018
Property, plant and equipment, net
United States$54,999$55,268
Israel52,43445,055
Brazil19,64719,653
Other13,15510,132
$140,235$130,108
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Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management of the Company, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2017.2019.
The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on their evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K,Form10-K, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatement.misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2017.2019. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, we used the criteria described in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Based on this assessment, management has concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2017,2019, due to a lack of sufficient resources with an appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. This control deficiency contributed to the fact that certain material weaknesses previously identified in the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filing on August 29, 2016 continue to exist at June 30, 2017, as discussed below:following additional control deficiencies:

We did not design and maintain effective internal controls to ensure processing and reporting of valid transactions is complete, accurate, and timely. Specifically, we have not designed and implemented a sufficient level of formal accounting policies and procedures that define how transactions across the business cycles should beare initiated, recorded, processed, reported, appropriately authorized and approved.

We did not maintain effective internal control that restricts access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users and ensures that appropriate segregation of duties is maintained. Certain personnel had access to financial application, programs and data beyond that needed
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to perform their individual job responsibilities and without independent monitoring. In addition, certain financial personnel had incompatible duties that allowed for the creation, review and processing of certain financial data without independent review and authorization. This material weakness affects substantially all financial statement accounts.
Each of these control deficiencies did not result in material misstatements of the consolidated financial statements; however, each of the control deficiencies described above could result in a misstatement that would result in a material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, our management has determined that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses.
Due to a transition period establishedThe effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019, has been audited by the rules of the SEC for emerging growth companies, this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not includePricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an attestation report of ourindependent registered public accounting firm.firm, as stated in their report in Item 8.
Material Weakness Remediation Efforts
We arecontinue to make further progress in the process of implementing a broad range of changes to our internal control over financial reporting to remediate the material weaknesses described in this item. Our actions to address the material weaknesses have included the design and implementation of additional formal accounting policies and procedures to ensure transactions are properly initiated, recorded, processed, reported, appropriately authorized and approved. Also, our efforts to ensure maintenance of the appropriate level of segregation of duties includes restricting access to key financial systems and records to appropriate users. We are determiningcontinue to make improvements by reducing the number of segregation of duties conflicts and continue to evaluate the extent it is necessary to limit access by and modify responsibilities of certain personnel, as well as designing and implementing additional user access controls and compensating controls. We have completed a gap analysis of our key controls. In completing this analysis, we identified areas where new controls were needed and enhancements to existing controls, policies and procedures need to be made. Through this analysis, we have developed a workplan for remediation of our material weaknesses. The remediation plan includes enhancing and supplementing the finance team by increasing the number of roles, reassigning responsibilities, and adding additional resources with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience in internal control over financial reporting commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. We will continue to build on the progress we have made in our remediation plan. We cannot determine when our remediation plan will be fully completed, and we cannot provide any assurance that these remediation efforts will be successful or that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective as a result of these efforts.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarterthree months ended June 30, 20172019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Other Information
None.
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PART III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 20172019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all officers, directors and employees, which is available on our website (investors.pahc.com) under “Corporate Governance.”
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 20172019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 20172019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 20172019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 20172019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the year ended June 30, 2017.2019.
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PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
We have filed the following documents as part of this Form 10-K:
(1)
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 20152017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 20152017
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 20172019 and 20162018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 20152017
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 20152017
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)
Schedules: None
(3)
The exhibits filed are listed in the Index to Exhibits immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Phibro Animal Health Corporation
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Jack C. Bendheim
Jack C. Bendheim
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Phibro Animal Health Corporation
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Jack C. Bendheim
Jack C. Bendheim
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Richard G. Johnson
Richard G. Johnson
Chief Financial Officer
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Daniel M. Bendheim
Daniel M. Bendheim
Director and Executive Vice President,
Corporate Strategy
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Jonathan Bendheim
Jonathan Bendheim
Director and President, MACIE Region and General Manager of Israel Operations
August 27, 2019By:
/s/ Gerald K. Carlson
Gerald K. Carlson
Director
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ E. Thomas Corcoran
E. Thomas Corcoran
Director
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Sam Gejdenson
Sam Gejdenson
Director
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ George Gunn
George Gunn
Director
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Mary Lou Malanoski
Mary Lou Malanoski
Director
August 30, 201727, 2019By:
/s/ Carol A. Wrenn
Carol A. Wrenn
Director
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit 10.37*2.1*Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 12, 2016 by and among MVP Laboratories, Inc., Mary Lou Chapek, AVP, LLC and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2016 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 3.1Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 13, 2014 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 13, 2014 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 4.1Registration Rights Agreement between Phibro Animal Health Corporation and BFI Co., LLC, dated as of April 16, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on March 31, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 4.2Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Exhibit 10.1  Credit agreementAgreement dated June 29, 2017, among Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., and each lender from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2017 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 10.3810.2 Unprotected Lease Agreement, dated January 26, 2011, by and between Samaria Carpets Ltd. and ABIC Biological Laboratories Ltd. (translated from Hebrew) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.3Employment Agreement, dated March 27, 2014, by and between Jack C. Bendheim and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on March 31, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.4 Employment Offer Letter, dated May 2, 2008, by and between Larry L. Miller and Phibro Animal Health Corporation, including confidentiality and nondisclosure, employee invention, and noncompetition and nonsolicitation agreements dated as of May 2, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.5 Clarifying Amendment to Employment Offer Letter, dated December 21, 2009, by and between Larry L. Miller and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.6 Amendment to Employment Offer Letter, dated December 15, 2011, by and between Larry L. Miller and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
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Exhibit 10.7 Phibro Animal Health Corporation 2008 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.8  Phibro Animal Health Corporation Management Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on March 31, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.9 Phibro Animal Health Corporation Retirement Income and Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of April 15, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.10Phibro Animal Health Corporation Executive Income Deferred Compensation Agreement, dated as of March 1, 1990 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1 filed on March 10, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.11Form of 2009 Stock Option Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on March 31, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.12Form of 2013 Stock Option Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on March 31, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.13Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1/A filed on April 4, 2014 (File No. 333-194467)).
Exhibit 10.14*Intellectual Property Purchase Agreement dated January 20, 2015 by and between MJ Biologics, Inc. and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2015)
Exhibit 10.15*First Amendment, dated July 31, 2018 to the Intellectual Property Purchase Agreement, drafted as of January 20, 2015, by and among MJ Biologics, Inc. and Phibro Animal Health Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2018 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 10.16Promotion Letter Agreement, dated June 16, 2016, between Phibro Animal Health Corporation and Dean J. Warras (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2017 (File No. 001-36410)).
Exhibit 10.3910.17Retention Letter Agreement, dated August 1, 2016, between Phibro Animal Health Corporation and Dean J. Warras (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2017 (File No. 001-36410)).
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Exhibit 10.18Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2018 (File No. 13-1840497)).
Exhibit 10.19Executive Long-Term Incentive Agreement dated May 11, 2015, by and between Phibro Animal Health Corporation and Richard G. Johnson Retention Letter Agreement, dated August 1, 2016, between Phibro Animal Health Corporation and Dean J. Warras (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Phibro Animal Health Corporation’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2015 (File No. 001-36410))
Exhibit 10.20Employment Agreement, dated November 3, 2006, by and between Thomas G. Dagger and Phibro Animal Health Corporation.
Exhibit 10.21Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated November 16, 2009, by and between Thomas G. Dagger and Phibro Animal Health Corporation.
Exhibit 10.22Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 16, 2011, by and between Thomas G. Dagger and Phibro Animal Health Corporation.
Exhibit 21.1List of Subsidiaries of Phibro Animal Health Corporation.
Exhibit 23Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Exhibit 31.1Chief Executive Officer—CertificationOfficer-Certification pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 302
Exhibit 31.2Chief Financial Officer—CertificationOfficer-Certification pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 302
Exhibit 32.1**Chief Executive Officer—CertificationOfficer-Certification pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 906
Exhibit 32.2**Chief Financial Officer—CertificationOfficer-Certification pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 906
Exhibit 101.INS***XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH***XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL***XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF***XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB***XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE***XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*
Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2017.Confidential treatment of certain provisions of this exhibit has been requested with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Omitted material for which confidential treatment has been requested has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
**
This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
***
Furnished with this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and are deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.
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