0001571996 dell:VMwareInc.Member dell:VMwareStockRepurchaseProgramDecember2016Member us-gaap:CommonClassAMember 2016-01-30 2017-02-03


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
 
(Mark One)  
þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017
January 31, 2020
or
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from  to
 
Commission file number:File Number:001-37867
 
Dell Technologies Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 80-0890963
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas78682
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)


1-800-289-33551-800-289-3355
(Registrant'sRegistrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class VC Common Stock, par value of $0.01 per shareDELLNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 205405 of the Securities Act.Yesþ No ¨
Yes ☐ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨Noþ
Yes ☐ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YesþNo ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YesþNo 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large“large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer"” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "smaller reporting company"“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filerþ(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No þ
On July 29, 2016,
As of August 2, 2019, the last business day of the registrant'sregistrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $12.0 billion (based on the closing price of $52.41 per share of Class VC Common Stock of the registrant, which began tradingreported on the New York Stock Exchange on September 7, 2016, was not listed on any securities exchange or traded in the over-the-counter market. Accordingly, the registrant is unable to state as of such date the aggregate market value of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates.that date).





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As of March 27, 2017,20, 2020, there were 776,362,146739,473,681 shares of the registrant'sregistrant’s common stock outstanding, consisting of 207,717,938 253,249,641outstanding shares of Class VC Common Stock, 409,684,385384,538,823 outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, 136,986,858and 101,685,217 outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, and 21,972,965 outstanding shares of Class C Common Stock.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


The information required by Part III of this report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated by reference from the registrant'sregistrant’s proxy statement relating to theits annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2017. Such2020. The proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.






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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words "may,""will,""anticipate,""estimate,""expect,""intend,""plan,""aim,""seek," and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. All statements by us regarding our expected financial position, revenues, cash flows and other operating results, business strategy, legal proceedings, and similar matters are forward-looking statements. Our expectations expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements may not turn out to be correct. Our results could be materially different from our expectations because of various risks, including the risks discussed in this report under "Part“Part I — Item 1A — Risk Factors"Factors” and in our other periodic and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Commission (“SEC”). Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date as of which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement after the date as of which such statement was made, whether to reflect changes in circumstances or our expectations, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or otherwise.





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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 TABLE OF CONTENTSPage
  
  
  
  
  






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Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this report to "we," "us," "our,"“we,” “us,” “our,” the "Company,"“Company,” and "Dell Technologies"“Dell Technologies” mean Dell Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, references to "Dell"“Dell” mean Dell Inc. and Dell Inc.'s’s consolidated subsidiaries, and references to "EMC"“EMC” mean EMC Corporation and EMC Corporation'sCorporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.


Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest January 31. We refer to our fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018 as "Fiscal 2017," "Fiscal 2016,"“Fiscal 2020,” “Fiscal 2019,” and "Fiscal 2015,"“Fiscal 2018,” respectively. Fiscal 20162020, Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 20152018 included 52 weeks. Fiscal 2017 included 53 weeks, with the extra week included in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2017.


PART I


ITEM 1 — BUSINESS

Fiscal 2017 Significant Developments

On September 7, 2016, we completed our acquisition by merger of EMC Corporation ("EMC"). To finance the EMC merger transaction, we issued $45.9 billion in new debt and $4.4 billion of privately placed common stock. See Note 3, Note 5, and Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information regarding the EMC merger transaction and the related financing transactions.

Subsequently in Fiscal 2017, we closed our divestitures of Dell Services, Dell Software Group, and the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division.  We received total cash consideration of approximately $7.0 billion from the divestitures and recorded a gain on sale, net of tax, of approximately $1.9 billion.  For additional information regarding our divestitures, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.

With proceeds from the divestitures and cash on hand, we repaid a total of approximately $7.0 billion principal amount of debt incurred in connection with the EMC merger transaction. These repayments primarily consisted of our repayment of approximately $2.2 billion principal amount of our Asset Sale Bridge Facility, approximately $3.1 billion principal amount of our Term Loan A-1 Facility, and approximately $1.6 billion principal amount of our Revolving Credit Facility. See Note 8 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information regarding our outstanding debt.

Also noteworthy during Fiscal 2017, SecureWorks Corp. ("SecureWorks"), a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, completed a registered underwritten initial public offering ("IPO") of its Class A common stock on April 27, 2016. SecureWorks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a leading global provider of intelligence-driven information security solutions singularly focused on protecting its clients from cyber attacks. SecureWorks' solutions leverage proprietary technologies, processes and extensive expertise in the information security industry. Dell Technologies Inc. held approximately
87.5% of the outstanding equity interest in SecureWorks as of February 3, 2017.


Business


Dell Technologies is a strategically aligned familyleading global end-to-end technology provider, with a comprehensive portfolio of IT hardware, software and services solutions spanning both traditional infrastructure and emerging, multi-cloud technologies that enable our customers to build their digital future and transform how they work and live. We operate globally across key functional areas such as technology and product development, marketing, go-to-market and global services, and are supported by Dell Financial Services. We continue to seamlessly deliver differentiated and holistic IT solutions to our customers, which has driven significant revenue growth and share gains.

Dell Technologies operates with significant scale and an unmatched breadth of complementary offerings. Digital transformation has become essential to all businesses, and we have expanded our portfolio to include holistic solutions that brings togetherenable our customers to drive their ongoing digital transformation initiatives. Dell Technologies’ integrated solutions help customers modernize their IT infrastructure, manage and operate in a multi-cloud world, address workforce transformation, and provide critical security solutions to protect against the entire infrastructure from hardwareever increasing and evolving security threats. With our extensive portfolio and our commitment to softwareinnovation, we have the ability to services —offer secure, integrated solutions that extend from the edge to the data centercore to the cloud. Dell Technologiescloud, and we are at the forefront of the software-defined and cloud native infrastructure era. Our end-to-end portfolio is supported by a leader in the traditional technology of today and a leader in the cloud-native infrastructure of tomorrow. We are a leading provider of scalable information technology ("IT") solutions enabling customers to be more efficient, mobile, informed, and secure. Through our recent combination with EMC, Dell Technologies now encompasses the businesses of Dell,differentiated go-to-market engine, which includes our Client Solutions Group, Dell EMC, which includes our Infrastructure Solutions Group, VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW), Pivotal Software, Inc. ("Pivotal"), RSA Information Security ("RSA"), and SecureWorks. We are focused on providing technology solutions and services that accelerate digital transformation, which is the enablement of organizations to maximize their potential through modernizing IT infrastructure, enabling efficient use of IT resources, providing the means to leverage data to make business decisions, refining processes, keeping data secure, and empowering individuals. We believe technology exists to drive human progress ona 43,000-person sales force, a global scale — to create new markets, reshape industries, and improve lives. We are positioned to help customers of any size build the essential infrastructure to modernize IT and enable digital business, and are differentiated by our practical innovation and efficient, simple, and affordable solutions.



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Dell Technologies is committed to our customers. We believe our products, solutions, and services will help power digital transformation. As we innovate to make our customers' existing IT increasingly productive, we help them reinvest their savings into the next generation of technologies that they need to succeed in the digital economy. Our next-generation solutions which enable digital transformation include software-defined data centers, all flash arrays, hybrid cloud, converged and hyper-converged infrastructure, cloud-native application development tools, mobile, and security solutions. In addition, our extended warranty and delivery offerings, and software and peripherals, which are closely tied to the sale of our hardware products, are important value differentiators that we are able to offer our customers.

We believe the combined strength of Dell and EMC will benefit our customers through complementary product portfolios, sales teams, and research and development strategies. During this period of transition and integration, we remain focused on supporting our customers with leading solutions, products, and services. We will continue our focus on building superior customer relationships through our direct model and our network of channel partners, which includes value-added resellers, system integrators, distributors, and retailers. We also will continue investing in strategic solutions and enhancing our go-to-market sales and marketing capabilities as we seek to create a leading global technology company poised for long-term sustainableworld-class supply chain that together drive revenue growth and innovation.operating efficiencies.


Products and Services


We design, develop, manufacture, market, sell, and support a wide range of products and services. We are organized into the following business units, which are our reportable segments: ClientInfrastructure Solutions Group; InfrastructureClient Solutions Group; and VMware.


Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) — ISG enables the digital transformation of our customers through our trusted multi-cloud and big data solutions, which are built upon a modern data center infrastructure. Our comprehensive portfolio of advanced storage solutions includes traditional storage solutions as well as next-generation storage solutions (such as all-flash arrays, scale-out file, object platforms and software-defined solutions). We have simplified our storage portfolio to ensure that we deliver the technology needed for our customers’ digital transformation. Our server portfolio includes high-performance rack, blade, tower, and hyperscale servers, optimized for artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads. Our networking portfolio helps our business customers transform and modernize their infrastructure, mobilize and enrich end-user experiences, and accelerate business applications and processes. Our strengths in server, storage, and virtualization software solutions enable us to offer leading converged and hyper-converged solutions, allowing our customers to accelerate their IT transformation by acquiring scalable integrated IT solutions instead of building and assembling their own IT platforms. ISG also offers attached software, peripherals, and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.

Client Solutions Group (CSG) — Offerings by CSG (formerlyWe recently unveiled the Dell Technologies Cloud, a new set of cloud infrastructure solutions to make hybrid cloud environments simpler to deploy and manage. The Dell Technologies Cloud portfolio consists of the new Dell Technologies Cloud Platforms and the new Data Center-as-a-Service offering referred to as Client Solutions) include branded hardware, suchVMware Cloud on Dell EMC. These solutions enable a flexible range of IT and management options with tight integration and a single vendor experience for purchasing, deployment, services, and financing, giving customers more control as desktop PCs, notebooks and tablets, and branded peripherals, such as monitors, printers, and projectors, as well as third-party software, and peripherals. Our computing devices are designed with our commercial and consumer customers' needs in mind, and we seek to optimize performance, reliability, manageability, design, and security. In addition to our traditional personal computer ("PC") business, we also have a portfoliothe operational hub of thin client offerings that is well-positioned to benefit from the growth trends in cloud computing. CSG hardware and services also provide the architecture to enable the Internettheir hybrid clouds.


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Approximately 50%half of CSGISG revenue is generated by sales to customers in the Americas, with the remaining portion derived from sales to customers in the Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA"region (“EMEA”) and in Asia Pacificthe Asia-Pacific and Japan ("APJ"region (“APJ”).


Client Solutions Group (“CSG”) — CSG includes branded hardware (such as desktops, workstations, and notebooks) and branded peripherals (such as displays and projectors), as well as third-party software and peripherals. Our computing devices are designed with our commercial and consumer customers’ needs in mind, and we seek to optimize performance, reliability, manageability, design, and security. In addition to our traditional hardware business, we have a portfolio of thin client offerings that we believe will allow us to benefit from the growth trends in cloud computing. For our customers that are seeking to simplify client lifecycle management, Dell PC as a Service offering combines hardware, software, lifecycle services, and financing into one all-encompassing solution that provides predictable pricing per seat per month through Dell Financial Services. CSG also offers attached software, peripherals, and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.
Infrastructure Solutions Group (ISG) — EMC's Information Storage segment and our existing Enterprise Solutions Group were combined in Fiscal 2017 to create the Infrastructure Solutions Group, or ISG. ISG enables the digital transformation of our enterprise customers through our trusted cloud and big data solutions, which are built upon a modern data center infrastructure. The comprehensive portfolio of advanced storage solutions includes traditional storage solutions as well as next-generation storage solutions (including all flash arrays, scale-out file, object platforms, and software-defined solutions). The server portfolio includes high-performance rack, blade, tower, and hyperscale servers. The networking portfolio helps our business customers transform and modernize their infrastructure, mobilize and enrich end-user experiences, and accelerate business applications and processes. Strengths in core server and storage solutions enables us to offer leading converged and hyper-converged solutions, which allow our customers to accelerate their IT transformation by acquiring scalable integrated IT solutions instead of building and assembling their own IT platforms. Similar to CSG, ISG also offers attached software, peripherals, and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.

ISG includes Virtustream product and service offerings. Virtustream's cloud software and infrastructure-as-a-service solutions enable customers to migrate, run, and manage mission-critical applications in cloud-based IT environments, and represent a key element of our strategy to help customers support their applications in a variety of cloud native environments.


Approximately 50%half of ISGCSG revenue is generated by sales to customers in the Americas, with the remaining portion derived from sales to customers in EMEA and APJ.


VMware— The VMware reportable segment (“VMware”) reflects the operations of VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW) within Dell Technologies. VMware works with customers in the areas of hybrid and multi-cloud, modern applications, networking, security, and digital workspaces, helping customers manage their IT resources across private clouds and complex multi-cloud, multi-device environments. VMware’s portfolio supports and addresses the key IT priorities of customers: accelerating their cloud journey, modernizing their applications, empowering digital workspaces, transforming networking, and embracing intrinsic security. VMware enables its customers to digitally transform their operations as they ready their applications, infrastructure, and employees for constantly evolving business needs.


During the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of Carbon Black, Inc. (“Carbon Black”), a developer of cloud-native endpoint protection.

On December 30, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Pivotal Software, Inc. (“Pivotal”). Before the transaction, Pivotal was a majority-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies through EMC and VMware, Inc. Pivotal provides a leading cloud-native platform that makes software development and IT operations a strategic advantage for customers. Pivotal’s cloud-native platform, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, accelerates and streamlines software development by reducing the complexity of building, deploying, and operating new cloud-native applications, and modernizing legacy applications. With the acquisition, which aligns key software assets, VMware, Inc. will drive and build on a comprehensive development platform with Kubernetes.

Under the terms of the transaction, each outstanding share of Pivotal’s Class A common stock (other than shares held by Pivotal stockholders who properly exercised their appraisal rights under Delaware law) was converted into the right to receive $15.00 in cash, and each outstanding share of Pivotal’s Class B common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.0550 of a share of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. Dell Technologies, which held all outstanding shares of Pivotal’s Class B common stock, received approximately 7.2 million shares of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. in the transaction.

The purchase of the controlling interest in Pivotal from Dell Technologies was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control. Assets and liabilities of Pivotal remained at their historical carrying amounts on the date of the transaction, with no new goodwill being recognized. This transaction required retrospective combination of the VMware, Inc. and Pivotal entities for all periods presented, as if the combination had been in effect since the inception of common control on the date of the EMC merger transaction in September 2016.

Effective as of the transaction date, Dell Technologies reports Pivotal results within the VMware reportable segment, and the historical segment results have been recast to reflect this change. Pivotal results were previously reported within other businesses. See Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for the recast of segment results.




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VMware— The VMware reportable segment ("VMware") reflects the operations of VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW) within Dell Technologies. See Exhibit 99.1 filed with this report for further details on the differences between VMware reportable segment results and VMware, Inc. results.

VMware is a leader in virtualization and cloud infrastructure solutions, which enable organizations to manage IT resources across complex multi-cloud, multi-device environments. VMware has expanded beyond its core business of compute virtualization to offer a broad portfolio of virtualization technologies across three main product groups: software-defined data center; hybrid cloud computing; and end-user computing. VMware's software-defined data center includes the fundamental compute layer for the data center (vSphere); storage and availability to offer cost-effective holistic data storage and protection options (vSAN); network and security (VMware NSX); and management and automation (vRealize) products. VMware currently enables its customers to utilize off-premises vSphere-based hybrid cloud computing capacity through two offerings: VMware vCloud Air Network and vCloud Air. vCloud Air is a public cloud operated by VMware that includes infrastructure and disaster recovery. VMware vCloud Air Network is a global ecosystem of over 4,300 cloud providers such as IBM, OVH, and Rackspace that provide VMware-based cloud services. In addition, through a strategic alliance with Amazon Web Services ("AWS"), VMware plans to release an integrated hybrid offering, VMware Cloud on AWS, during Fiscal 2018. VMware Cloud on AWS will enable customers to run applications across vSphere-based private, public, and hybrid cloud environments. VMware's end-user computing offerings (such as AirWatch mobile solutions and Horizon application and desktop virtualization solutions) enable IT organizations to efficiently deliver more secure access to applications, data, and devices for their end users by leveraging VMware's software-defined data center solutions to extend the value of virtualization from data centers to devices.


Approximately 50%half of VMware revenue is generated by sales to customers in the United States.


Our other businesses, described below, consist of product and service offerings of Secureworks, Virtustream, Boomi, and RSA SecureWorks, Pivotal, and Boomi, Inc. ("Boomi").Security, each of which is majority-owned by Dell Technologies. These businesses are not classified as reportable segments, either individually or collectively, as the results of the businesses are not material to our overall results and the businesses do not meet the criteria for reportable segments.


Secureworks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a leading global provider of intelligence-driven information security solutions singularly focused on protecting its clients from cyberattacks. The solutions offered by Secureworks enable organizations of varying size and complexity to fortify their cyber defenses to prevent security breaches, detect malicious activity in near real time, prioritize and respond rapidly to security incidents and predict emerging threats.

Virtustream offers cloud software and infrastructure-as-a-service solutions that enable customers to migrate, run, and manage mission-critical applications in cloud-based IT environments. Beginning in the first quarter of Fiscal 2019, Virtustream results are reported within other businesses, rather than within ISG. This change in reporting structure did not impact our previously reported consolidated financial results, but our prior period segment results have been recast to reflect the change.

Boomi specializes in cloud-based integration, connecting information between existing on-premise and cloud-based applications to ensure business processes are optimized, data is accurate and workflow is reliable.

RSA Security provides essential cybersecurity solutions engineered to enable organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to advanced attacks, confirm and manage identities, and, ultimately, help reduce IP theft, fraud, and cybercrime. In February 2020, Dell Technologies announced its entry into a definitive agreement to sell RSA Security to a consortium of investors in an all-cash transaction for approximately $2.075 billion, subject to certain closing adjustments. The transaction is intended to further simplify our product portfolio and corporate structure.

RSA provides essential cybersecurityWe believe the collaboration, innovation, and coordination of the operations and strategies across all segments of our business, as well as our differentiated go-to-market model, will continue to drive revenue synergies. Through our coordinated research and development activities, we are able to jointly engineer leading innovative solutions engineered to enable organizations to detect, investigate,that incorporate the distinct set of hardware, software, and respond to advanced attacks, confirm and manage identities, and, ultimately, help reduce IP theft, fraud, and cybercrime.
services across all segments of our business.

SecureWorks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a leading global provider of intelligence-driven information security solutions singularly focused on protecting its clients from cyber attacks.

Pivotal is a leading provider of application and data infrastructure software, agile development services, and data science consulting. Pivotal's cloud-native platform enables leading companies to transform their operations with an approach that is focused on building software, rather than buying it.

Boomi specializes in cloud-based integration, connecting information between existing on-premise and cloud-based applications to ensure business processes are optimized, data is accurate, and workflow is reliable.


See Note 2219 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our other businesses.reportable segments.


For further discussion regarding our current reportable segments, see "PartSee “Part II — Item 7 —Management's— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations — Business Unit Results."Results” for a discussion of our reportable segment operating results.


Dell Financial Services


We also offer or arrangeDell Financial Services and its affiliates (“DFS”) support our businesses by offering and arranging various financing options and services for our commercial and consumer customers in the United States, Canada,North America, Europe, Australia, and Mexico through Dell Financial Services ("DFS")New Zealand. DFS originates, collects, and its affiliates. DFS services include originating, collecting, and servicing customer receivables primarily related to the purchase of Dell Technologies products.our product, software, and service solutions. We also arrange financing for some of our customers in various countries where DFS does not currently operate as a captive. DFS further strengthens our customer relationships through its flexible consumption models, which enable us to offer our customers the option to pay over time and, in certain cases, based on utilization, providing them with financial flexibility to meet their changing technological requirements. The results of these operations are allocated to our segments based on the underlying product or service financed. For additional information about our financing arrangements, see Note 74 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.






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Research and Development


We focus on developing scalable technology solutions that incorporate highly desirable features and capabilities at competitive prices. We employ a collaborative approach to product design and development in which our engineers, with direct customer input, design innovative solutions and work with a global network of technology companies to architect new system designs, influence the direction of future development, and integrate new technologies into our products. We manage our research and development ("(“R&D"&D”) spending by targeting those innovations and products that we believe are most valuable to our customers and by relying on the capabilities of our strategic relationships. Through this collaborative, customer-focused approach, we strive to deliver new and relevant products to the market quickly and efficiently. Additionally, from time to time, we make strategic investments in publicly-traded and privately-held companies that develop software, hardware, and other technologies or provide services supporting our technologies.


AVMware represents a significant portion of our R&D activities are associated with VMware, whichand has assembled an experienced group of developers with system level, systemsexpertise in software-defined data centers, hybrid and multiple public clouds, the modernization, migration and management desktop, mobile devices, security, application development, collaborativeof applications, networking, storage,security, and open source software expertise.digital workspaces. VMware also has strong ties to leading academic institutions around the world and invests in joint research with those institutions.academia. Product development efforts are prioritized through a combination of engineering-driven innovation and customer- and market-driven feedback.


As of February 3, 2017, we operated 14Dell Technologies has a global research and development centers, including the Dell Silicon Valley Research and Development Center. OurR&D presence, with total R&D expenses were $2.6of $5.0 billion, $1.1$4.6 billion, and $0.9$4.4 billion, for Fiscal 2017,2020, Fiscal 2016,2019, and Fiscal 2015,2018, respectively. These investments reflect our commitment to R&D activities that ultimately support our mission: to help our customers build their digital future and to transform IT.


Manufacturing and Materials


We own manufacturing facilities located in the United States, Malaysia, China, Brazil, India, Poland, and Ireland. See "Item“Item 2 — Properties"Properties” for information about our manufacturing and distribution facilities.
We also utilize contract manufacturers throughout the world to manufacture or assemble our products under the Dell Technologies brand as part of our strategy to enhance our variable cost structure and to achieve our goals of generating cost efficiencies, delivering products faster, better serving our customers, and building aenhancing our world-class supply chain.
Our manufacturing process consists of assembly, software installation, functional testing, and quality control. We conduct operations utilizing a formal, documented quality management system to ensure that our products and services satisfy customer needs and expectations. Testing and quality control are also applied to components, parts, sub-assemblies, and systems obtained from third-party suppliers.
Our quality management system is maintained through the testing of components, sub-assemblies, software, and systems at various stages in the manufacturing process. Quality control procedures also include a burn-in period for completed units after assembly, ongoing production reliability audits, failure tracking for early identification of production and component problems, and information from customers obtained through services and support programs. This system is certified to the ISO 9001 International Standard that includes most of our global sites that design, manufacture, and service our products.
Our order fulfillment, manufacturing, and test facilities in Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Ireland are certified to the ISO 14001 International Standard for environmental management systems and also have achieved OHSAS 18001 certification, an international standard for facilities with world-class safety and health management systems. These internationally-recognized endorsements of ongoing quality and environmental management are among the highest levels of certifications available. We also have implemented Lean Six Sigma and 7S (Customer, Safety, Quality, Delivery, Cost, Team, and Green) methodologies to ensure that the quality of our designs, manufacturing, test processes, and supplier relationships are continually improved.
We maintain a robust Supplier Code of Conduct, actively manage recycling processes for our returned products, and are certified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a Smartway Transport Partner.





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We purchase materials, supplies, product components, and products from a large number of qualified suppliers. In some cases, where multiple sources of supply are not available, we rely on single-sourcea single source or a limited number of sources of supply if we believe it is advantageous to do so because of performance, quality, support, delivery, capacity, or price considerations. We believe that any disruption that may occur because of our dependence on single- or limited-source vendors would not disproportionately disadvantage us relative to our competitors. See "Item“Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Relating to Our Business and Our Industry — Reliance on vendors for products and components, many of which are single-source or limited-source suppliers,


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could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business by adversely affecting product availability, delivery, reliability, and cost"cost” for information about the risks associated with Dell Technologies'Technologies’ use of single- or limited-source suppliers.


Geographic Operations


Our global corporate headquarters is located in Round Rock, Texas. We have operations and conduct business in many countries located in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and other geographic regions. To increase our global presence, we continue to focus on emerging markets outside of the United States, Western Europe, Canada, and Japan. We continue to view these geographical markets, which include the vast majority of the world'sworld’s population, as a long-term growth opportunity. Accordingly, we pursue the development of technology solutions that meet the needs of these markets. Our expansion in emerging markets creates additional complexity in coordinating the design, development, procurement, manufacturing, distribution, and support of our product and services offerings. For information about the percentagesamount of net revenue we generated from our operations outside of the United States during the last three fiscal years, see Note 2219 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.


Competition


We operate in an industry in which there are rapid technological advances in hardware, software, and services offerings. We face ongoing product and price competition in all areas of our business, including from both branded and generic competitors. We compete based on our ability to offer customers competitive, scalable, and integrated solutions that provide the most current and desired product and services features at a competitive price. We closely monitor market pricing and solutionsolutions trends, including the effect of foreign exchange rate movements, in an effort to provide the best value for our customers. We believe that our strong relationships with our customers and channel partners allow us to respond quickly to changing customer needs and other macroeconomic factors.


VMware competes withThe markets in which we compete are comprised of large and small vendors in different segmentscompanies across all areas of the cloud computing, end-user computing, and virtualization industries, and expectsour business. We believe that new entrantsbusinesses will continue to enter these industriesmarkets and develop technologies that, if commercialized, may compete with VMware'sour products and services. Moreover, current competitors may enter into new strategic relationships with new or existing competitors, which may further increase the competitive pressures. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Relating to Our Business and Our Industry” for information about our competitive risks.


Sales and Marketing


We operate a diversified business model, with the majority of our revenue and operating income derived from commercial clients that consist of large enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses, and public sector customers. We sell products and services directly to customers and through other sales distribution channels, such as retailers, third-party solutions providers,value-added resellers, system integrators, distributors, and third-party resellers.retailers. During Fiscal 2017,2020, our other sales distribution channels contributed approximatelyover 50% of our net revenue.

Our customers include large global and national corporate businesses, public institutions that include government, education, healthcareeducational institutions, healthcare organizations, and law enforcement agencies, small and medium-sized businesses, and consumers. Our sales efforts are organized around the evolving needs of our customers, and our marketing initiatives reflect this focus. We believe that our unified global sales and marketing team creates a sales organization that is more customer-focused, collaborative, and innovative. Our go-to-market strategy includes a direct business model, as well as channel distribution. Our direct business model emphasizes direct communication with customers, thereby allowing us to refine our products and marketing programs for specific customers groups, and we continue to rely onpursue this strategy.



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In addition to itsour direct business model, we rely on aour network of channel partners to sell our products and services, enabling us to efficiently serve a greater number of customers.

Designed in collaboration with Sales through channel partners and drawing fromhave grown over the best aspectspast several years, particularly as a result of the former DellEMC merger transaction and EMC partner programs,expansion in the Dell EMC Partner Program was launched in February 2017.business. The Dell EMC Partner Program willTechnologies partner program contributes to growth in channel sales by providing appropriate incentives for revenue generation. We also provide expanded business opportunity forour channel partners and reaffirms Dell EMC's strong commitmentaccess to selling products and services through sales distribution channels. The strength ofthird-party financing to help manage their working capital. We believe that building long-term relationships with our program is based on a broad product portfolio, along with a program that rewardschannel partners who are trainedenhances our ability to effectively position, sell, and service Dell EMC products and go-to-market innovations.deliver an excellent customer experience.


We market our products and services to small and medium-sized businesses and consumers through various advertising media. To react quickly to our customers'customers’ needs, we track our Net Promoter Score, a customer loyalty metric that is widely used across various industries. Increasingly, weWe also engage with customers through our social media communities on www.delltechnologies.comand in external social media channels.


For large business and institutional customers, we maintain a field sales force throughout the world. Dedicated account teams, which include technical sales specialists, form long-term relationships to provide our largest customers with a single source of assistance, develop tailored solutions for these customers, positioningposition the capabilities of Dell Technologies, and provide us with customer feedback. For these customers, we offer several programs designed to provide single points of contact and


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accountability with dedicated account managers, special pricing, and consistent service and support programs. We also maintain specific sales and marketing programs targeting federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as healthcare and educational customers.


Patents, Trademarks, and Licenses


As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, we held a worldwide portfolio of 13,28919,002 patents and had an additional 8,65710,025 patent applications pending. Of those amounts, 1,605intellectual property rights, VMware, Inc. held 4,140 patents and 2,426had an additional 3,095 patent applications pending were owned by VMware.pending. We also hold licenses to use numerous third-party patents. To replace expiring patents, we obtain new patents through our ongoing research and development activities. The inventions claimed in our patents and patent applications cover aspects of our current and possible future computer system and software products, manufacturing processes, and related technologies. Our product business method, and manufacturing process patents may establish barriers to entry in many product lines.entry. Although we use our patented inventions and also license them to others, we are not substantially dependent on any single patent or group of related patents. We have entered into a variety of intellectual property licensing and cross-licensing agreements and software licensing agreements with other companies. We anticipate that our worldwide patent portfolio will continue to be of value in negotiating intellectual property rights with others in the industry.


We have obtained U.S. federal trademark registration for theDell Technologies, Dell word mark and logo mark, and the VMware word and logo mark.  We have pending applications to register the Dell EMC word and logo marks. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, we owned registrations for 335 approximately 314 of our other trademarks in the United States and had pending applications for registration of 61 approximately 75 other trademarks. We believe that theDell Technologies, DELL, Dell EMC, VMware, Alienware, RSA Security, Secureworks, Pivotal, and VMwareVirtustream word marks and logo marks in the United States are material to our operations. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, we also had applied for, or obtained registration of, the DELL word mark and several other marks in approximately 183 186 other countries.


From time to time, other companies and individuals assert exclusive patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights to technologies or marks that are alleged to be relevant to the technology industry or our business. We evaluate each claim relating to our products and, if appropriate, seek a license to use the protected technology. The licensing agreements generally do not require the licensor to assist us in duplicating the licensor'slicensor’s patented technology, nor do the agreements protect us from trade secret, copyright, or other violations by us or our suppliers in developing or selling the licensed products.

Unless otherwise noted, trademarks appearing in this report are owned by us. We disclaim proprietary interest in the marks and names of others. Net Promoter Score is a trademark of Satmetrix Systems, Inc., Bain & Company, Inc., and Fred Reichheld.




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Government Regulation and Sustainability


Government RegulationOur business is subject to regulation by various U.S. federal and state governmental agencies and other governmental agencies. Such regulation includes the activities of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission; the anti-trust regulatory activities of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the European Union; the consumer protection laws and financial services regulation of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and various state governmental agencies; the export regulatory activities of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of the Treasury; the import regulatory activities of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection; the product safety regulatory activities of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the U.S. Department of Transportation; the health information privacy and security requirements of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; and the environmental, employment and labor, and other regulatory activities of a variety of governmental authorities in each of the countries in which we conduct business. We were not assessed any material environmental fines, nor did we have any material environmental remediation or other environmental costs, during Fiscal 2017.2020.


Our Philosophy on Sustainability: Building a Legacy of Good— One of the core tenets of Social Impact and Sustainability

Dell Technologies is the belief that technology should drive human progress. Our newly combined company draws on the strengths of the legacy Dell and EMC organizations, and we remain committed to driving human progress by putting our technology and expertise to work where it can do the most good for people and the planet.  As highlighted in our planet.most recent Corporate Social Responsibility Report, we:


This commitmentUsed 100 million pounds of sustainable materials in our products
Helped 16 million people grow and thrive through the use of our technology and expertise
Recovered 2 billion pounds of used electronics for reuse, remanufacturing, or recycling
Reduced the energy intensity of our product portfolio by 64%
Volunteered 5 million hours of team member service in support of community groups
Achieved 89% team member satisfaction at Dell Technologies
Reached a 60% use rate for flexible work options among global team members
For further details on our achievements, see our most recent Corporate Responsibility Report, which is intimately tiedavailable at legacyofgood.dell.com.

Dell Technologies launched its Social Impact Plan for 2030 (the “2030 Plan”) after its success in achieving prior social impact and sustainability goals. Our goals under the new plan represent an extension of our purpose as a Company — to our businesscreate technologies that drive human progress. We will use these goals of driving growth, helping mitigate risk, and ensuring business opportunities by building our brand. Based on the idea that we all win when we create shared value, we created the Legacy of Good plan to build onour social impact strategies over the strengths throughout our value chain to create social, environmental, and economic value by uniting our purpose with our business objectives.next decade. The plan features 21 bold goals for the year 2020 across the material areas of our business, ultimately setting the agenda for building a better future where everyone can reach their full potential while sharing in and supporting the common good.


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As we work towards a consolidated sustainability approach for our newly combined company, we have identified the following key2030 Plan has four critical areas of focus:


Creating Net Positive OutcomesAdvancing SustainabilityCreating net positive outcomes means putting back more into society,We believe we have a responsibility to protect and enrich our planet together with our customers, suppliers and communities. Dell Technologies will continue working across our business ecosystem, valuing natural resources, and minimizing our impact. With the environment,power of our global supply chain, Dell Technologies has the scale and responsibility to drive the highest standards of sustainability and ethical practices.

Cultivating Inclusion — We view diversity and inclusion as a business imperative that will enable us to build and empower our future workforce. It is essential that our workforce be fully representative of the diversity in our global customer base. Diversity of leadership increases innovation and ensures company decisions reflect a wide variety of perspectives.

Transforming Lives We believe our scale, support, and the global economy than we take out. In particular, we focus on helping customersinnovative application of our portfolio can play an important role in addressing complex societal challenges, including improving health, education, and economic opportunities for the underserved. We endeavor to harness the power of technology to deliver bettercreate a future that is capable of fully realizing human potential.

Upholding Ethics and Privacy — Ethics and privacy play a critical role in establishing a strong foundation for positive social and environmental outcomes.

Energy Efficiencyimpact. We have set a goalwill continue to reduce the energy intensity of our entire product portfolio by 80% by 2020.

Technology Take-back, Reuse, and Recycling — We begin thinking about recycling at the design phase, asking our product engineers to work with recyclers to understand how to make products easy to repair or disassemble for recycling. When our products reach the end of their life cycles, we make it easy for customers to recycle their obsolete electronic equipment.

Circular Economy and Design for the Environment — Recycling, reuse, and closed-loop manufacturing form the bedrock of the circular economy, ensuring that materials already in circulation stay in the economy instead of exiting as waste. Within our own operations, we look at how materials can be used, or reused, in ways that extend their value.

Reducing Our Footprint, Caring for Our Planet — We are focused on reducing the impact of our operations on the environment, and our teams examine practices and processesinvest in our own facilitiesadvanced privacy governance and risk-management technology. And we will continue to identify opportunities for greater efficiency. Manyselect, evaluate, and do business with third parties who share our level of our locations purchase some or alldedication to privacy.


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Social and Environmental Responsibility ("SER") in the Supply Chain — We are committed to responsible business practices and hold ourselves and our suppliers to a high standard of excellence. We work in partnership with our suppliers to reduce risks that could lead to harm of workers, production suspensions, factory shut-downs, or environmental damage. All of our suppliers must agree to our global supplier principles and accept the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition Code of Conduct. Additionally, we are committed to a conflict-free mineral supply chain.

Youth Learning — Technology skills are critical to continued innovation and can have a profound effect on our businesses, communities, and sustainability. We have a strong commitment to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math ("STEM") and other youth learning activities, providing funding, volunteer time, and technology to underserved populations.

Partnering with TGen on Technology for Good — Together with TGen (the Translational Genomics Research Institute), we are changing the paradigm in the treatment of childhood cancers. We developed the Genomic Data Analysis Platform — a complete high-performance computing infrastructure solution uniquely designed to meet the needs of genomic data collection and analysis. This powerful, efficient technology has reduced the time it takes to analyze the 90 billion data points of sequenced genomes from weeks to approximately eight hours.

A sustainability report forThe Dell Technologies is expected to be available in June 2017. The Dell Inc. 2016 Corporate Social Responsibility ReportImpact Plan for 2030 is available at www.dell.com/crreport. EMC's latest Sustainability Report, "Redefine the Future," is available at www.emc.com/corporate/sustainability/sustainability-reports.htm.https://corporate.delltechnologies.com/en-us/social-impact.htm.


Product Backlog


We believe that productProduct backlog is not a meaningful indicatorrepresents the value of net revenue that can be expected for any period.unfulfilled manufacturing orders. Our business model generally gives us flexibilitythe ability to manageoptimize product backlog at any point in time, byfor example, expediting shipping or prioritizing customer orders toward products that have shorter lead times, thereby reducing product backlog and increasing current period revenue. Moreover,times. Because product backlog at any point in time may not result in the generation of any predictable amount of net revenue in any subsequent period, we do not believe product backlog to be a meaningful indicator of future net revenue. Product backlog is included as unfilleda component of remaining performance obligation to the extent we determine that the manufacturing orders can generally be canceled at any time by the customer.are non-cancelable.



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Employees


At the endAs of Fiscal 2017,January 31, 2020, we had approximately 138,000165,000 total full-time employees, approximately 20,00031,000 of whichwhom were employees of VMware.VMware, Inc. In comparison, as of February 1, 2019, we had approximately 102,000157,000 total full-time employees, at the endapproximately 24,000 of Fiscal 2016. The significant increase in the numberwhom were employees of full-time employees was due to our acquisitionVMware, Inc. As of EMC, the effect of which was partially offset by employee reductions resulting from our divestitures. At the end of Fiscal 2017,January 31, 2020, approximately 40%37% of our full-time employees were located in the United States and approximately 60%63% were located in other countries.


Corporate Information 


We are a holding company that conducts our operations through subsidiaries.


We were incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 31, 2013 under the name of Denali Holding Inc. in connection with Dell's going privateDell’s going-private transaction, which was completed in October 2013. We changed our name to Dell Technologies Inc. on August 25, 2016. The mailing address of our principal executive offices is One Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas 78682. Our telephone number is 1-800-289-3355.



Our website address is www.delltechnologies.com.  We make available free of charge through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish reports withit to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"(“SEC”). The contents of our website referred to above and the contents of any other website we refer to herein are not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K.


DHI Group and Class V GroupTransaction

Dell Technologies has two groupsOn December 28, 2018, we completed a transaction (“Class V transaction”) in which we paid $14.0 billion in cash and issued 149,387,617 shares of common stock, denoted as the DHI Groupour Class C Common Stock and theto holders of our Class V Common Stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock. The DHI Group Common Stock consistsnon-cash consideration portion of four classesthe Class V transaction totaled $6.9 billion. As a result of commonthe Class V transaction, the tracking stock referred to as Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock,feature of Dell Technologies’ capital structure was terminated. The Class C Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

The aggregate cash consideration and Class D Common Stock. The DHI Group generally refers to the directfees and indirect interest of Dell Technologiesexpenses incurred in all of Dell Technologies' business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable toconnection with the Class V Group, as well as its retained interesttransaction were funded with proceeds of $3.67 billion from new term loans under our senior secured credit facilities, proceeds of a margin loan financing in an aggregate principal amount of $1.35 billion, proceeds of Dell Technologies’ pro-rata portion, in the amount of $8.87 billion, of a special $11 billion cash dividend paid by VMware, Inc. in connection with the Class V Group equal to approximately 38% oftransaction, and cash on hand at Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of February 3, 2017. The Class V Common Stock is intended to track the economic performance of approximately 62% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of such date. As of February 3, 2017, the Class V Group consisted of approximately338 million shares of Class A common stock of VMware held by Dell Technologies.Technologies and its subsidiaries. See Note 186 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report and Exhibit 99.1 filed with this report for more information regardingabout the allocation of earnings from Dell Technologies' interest in VMware between the DHI Group anddebt we incurred to finance the Class V Common Stock.transaction.




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Information about our Executive Officers of Dell Technologies


The following table sets forth, as of March 31, 2017,February 25, 2020, information about our executive officers, who are appointed by our board of directors.
Name Age Position
Michael S. Dell 5255 Chief Executive Officer
Jeremy Burton49Corporate EVP, Marketing & Corporate Development
Jeffrey W. Clarke 5457 Chief Operating Officer and Vice Chairman Operations and President, Client Solutions
Allison Dew50Chief Marketing Officer
Howard D. Elias 5962 President, Global Services & IT
David I. Goulden57President, Infrastructure Solutions Group
Marius Haas49President and Chief Commercial OfficerDigital
Steven H. Price 5558 Chief Human Resources Officer
Karen H. Quintos 5356 Chief Customer Officer
Rory Read 5558 Chief Integration OfficerOperating Executive, Dell Technologies and President, Virtustream
Richard J. Rothberg 5356 General Counsel
William F. Scannell57President, Global Sales and Customer Operations
Thomas W. Sweet 5760 Chief Financial Officer



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Michael S. Dell — Mr. Dell serves as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Dell Technologies. Mr. Dell has held the title of Chairman of the Board of Dell Inc. since he founded the company in 1984. Mr. Dell also served as Chief Executive Officer of Dell Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies, from 1984 until July 2004 and resumed that role in January 2007. In 1998, Mr. Dell formed MSD Capital, L.P. for the purpose of managing his and his family'sfamily’s investments, and, in 1999, he and his wife established the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation to provide philanthropic support to a variety of global causes. He is an honorary member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum and is an executive committee member of the International Business Council. He serves as a member of the Technology CEO Council and is a member of the U.S. Business Council and the Business Roundtable. He also serves on the advisory board of Tsinghua University’s School of Economics and Management in Beijing, China, on the governing board of the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, India, and is aon the board member of Catalyst, Inc., a non-profit organization that promotes inclusive workplaces for women. In June 2014,Mr. Dell is also Chairman of the Board of VMware, Inc. and Non-Executive Chairman of SecureWorks Corp. Mr. Dell was named the United Nations foundation's first Global Advocate for Entrepreneurship.a board member of Pivotal Software, Inc. from September 2016 until it was acquired by VMware, Inc. in December 2019.
Jeremy Burton Jeffrey W. Clarke— Mr. BurtonClarke serves as the Chief MarketingOperating Officer and Vice Chairman of Dell Technologies, directly responsible for running day-to-day business operations, shaping the Company’s strategic agenda, and aligning priorities across the Dell Technologies executive leadership team. Mr. Clarke oversees the Company’s operations, including its global marketing structure, strategy,manufacturing, procurement, and all aspects of the company's enterprise marketing efforts, including brand, communications, digital, and field and channel marketing. In addition to his marketing responsibilities,supply chain activities. Mr. Burton leads Corporate Development, with responsibility for mergers and acquisitions and venture capital investment activity. Mr. BurtonClarke has served as EMC's President,Chief Operating Officer since December 2019 and Vice Chairman, Products and Marketing from March 2014 until EMC's acquisition by Dell Technologies. He was EMC's Executive Vice President, Product Operations and Marketing from July 2012 to March 2014. In these roles, Mr. Burton was responsible for product divisions within EMC's Information Infrastructure business, including product strategy, research and development, operations, CTO office, global alliances, and global marketing. Mr. Burton joined EMC in March 2010 as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer. Prior to joining EMC, Mr. Burton held several senior leadership roles, including serving as President and Chief Executive Officer of Serena Software, Inc., a global independent software company, and as Group President of the Security and Data Management Business Unit of Symantec Corporation, a provider of security, storage, and systems management solutions. Prior to joining Semantec,since September 2017, before which he served as Executive Vice President of the Data Management Group and as Chief Marketing Officer at VERITAS Software Corporation (now a part of Symantec). Earlier in his career, Mr. Burton spent nearly a decade at Oracle Corporation, a large enterprise software company, ultimately in the role of Senior Vice President of Product and Services Marketing.
Jeffrey W. Clarke — Mr. Clarke serves as Vice Chairman and President, Operations and Client Solutions ofwith Dell Technologies leading the global supply chain and, client solutions organizations.previously, Dell, since January 2009. In these roles, Mr. Clarke has served in this role since January 2009, in which he has been responsible for global manufacturing, procurement, and supply chain activities worldwide, as well as the engineering, design, and development of desktop PCs,servers, storage and networking products, as well as engineering, design, development and sales of computer desktops, notebooks, workstations, cloud client computing and workstations for customers ranging from consumers and small and medium-sized businesses to large corporate enterprises. In addition, Mr. Clarke currently leads customer support, sales operations, commerce services functions, and IT planning and governance globally for Dell.end-user computing software solutions. From January 2003 until January 2009, Mr. Clarke served as Senior Vice President, Business Product Group. From November 2001 to January 2003, Mr. Clarke served as Vice President and General Manager, Relationship Product Group. In 1995, Mr. Clarke became the director of desktop development. Mr. Clarke joined Dell in 1987 as a quality engineer and has served in a variety of other engineering and management roles.
Allison Dew — Ms. Dew serves as the Chief Marketing Officer of Dell Technologies. In this role, in which she has served since March 2018, Ms. Dew is directly responsible for Dell Technologies’ global marketing organization and strategy and all aspects of our marketing efforts including brand and creative, product marketing, communications, digital, and field and channel marketing. Since joining Dell Technologies in 2008, Ms. Dew has been instrumental in Dell Technologies’ marketing transformation, leading an emphasis on data-driven marketing, customer understanding, and integrated planning. Most recently, prior to her current position, Ms. Dew led marketing for the Dell Technologies Client Solutions Group from December 2013 to March 2018.  Before joining Dell Technologies, Ms. Dew served in various marketing leadership roles at Microsoft Corporation, a global technology company. Ms. Dew also worked in a regional advertising agency in Tokyo, Japan and with an independent multi-cultural advertising agency in New York City.


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Howard D. Elias — Mr. Elias serves as President, Global Services and ITDigital of Dell Technologies, supporting customers acrossoverseeing global support, deployment, consulting, education and managed services, the Client SolutionsIT organization, and Enterprise Solutions Groups.Virtustream. Mr. Elias oversees technology and deployment services, consulting services, global support services, education services, global Centersalso co-leads Dell Technologies Select, an elite sales team focused on serving some of Excellence, and the IT organization. Dell Technologies' largest customers. Mr. Elias previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer, EMC Global Enterprise Services from January 2013 until EMC'sEMC’s acquisition by Dell Technologies, and was President and Chief Operating Officer, EMC Information Infrastructure and Cloud Services from September 2009 to January 2013. In these roles, Mr. Elias was responsible for setting the strategy, driving the execution, and creating the best practices for services that enabled the digital transformation and data center modernization of EMC'sEMC’s customers. Mr. Elias also had responsibility at EMC for leading the integration of the Dell and EMC businesses, including overseeing the cross-functional teams that drove all facets of integration planning. Previously, Mr. Elias was EMC'sEMC’s Executive Vice President, Global Marketing and Corporate Development, responsible for all marketing, sales enablement, technology alliances, corporate development, and new ventures. MrMr. Elias was also a co-founder and served on the board of managers for the Virtual Computing Environment ("VCE") Company, now part of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ converged platform division. Prior toBefore joining EMC, Mr. Elias served in various capacities at Hewlett-Packard Company, a provider of information technology products, services, and solutions for enterprise customers, most recently as Senior Vice President of Business Management and Operations for the Enterprise Systems Group. Mr. Elias is a directorcurrently serves as chairman of TEGNA Inc., a media and digital business company.
David I. Goulden — Mr. Goulden serves as President, Infrastructure Solutions Group of Dell Technologies, responsible for the global organization that provides essential infrastructure for customers to buildcompany, and transform their IT. Mr. Goulden oversees all aspects of the Infrastructure Solutions Group, which is focused on modernizing the data center, leveraging the


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cloud, empowering a mobile workforce, and protecting organizations and their data. From January 2014 until EMC's acquisition by Dell Technologies, Mr. Goulden was Chief Executive Officer of the EMC Information Infrastructure business, EMC's largest business by revenue and employees. Prior to his service in that role, he was President and Chief Operating Officer, responsible for overseeing engineering and product development, sales and customer operations, services, marketing, and G&A functions, since July 2012. Mr. Goulden previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at EMC from August 2006 to July 2012, responsible for financial operations of EMC's consolidated businesses. Earlier in his career at EMC, Mr. Goulden led the company's Sales and Customer Operations worldwide, including global sales in all theaters as well as global channels, alliances, and partners, and prior to that service he oversaw Marketing and New Business Development at EMC. Prior to joining EMC in 2002, Mr. Goulden served in various capacities at Getronics N.V., an information technology services company, most recently as a member of the Board of Management and President and Chief Operating Officer for the Americas and Asia Pacific.Massachusetts Business Roundtable.
Marius Haas — Mr. Haas serves as President and Chief Commercial Officer of Dell Technologies, responsible for the global go-to-market organization, delivering innovative and practical solutions to commercial customers. In this role, Mr. Haas also has responsibility for Dell channel partners, as well as for public and federal customers worldwide. Mr. Haas previously served as Chief Commercial Officer and President, Enterprise Solutions from 2012 to September 2016, where he was responsible for strategy, development, and deployment of all data center and cloud solutions globally. Mr. Haas came to Dell in 2012 from Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P, a global investment firm, where he was responsible for identifying and pursuing new investments, while supporting existing portfolio companies with operational expertise. Before his service in that role, Mr. Haas served at Hewlett-Packard's Networking Division as Senior Vice President and Worldwide General Manager from 2008 to2011 and as Chief of Staff to the CEO and Senior Vice President of Strategy and Corporate Development from 2003 to2008. He has previously served as a member of McKinsey & Company CSO Council, the Ernst & Young Corporate Development Leadership Network, the board of directors for Airtight Networks, and the board of directors of the Association of Strategic Alliance Professionals. Mr. Haas currently serves on the board of directors of the US-China Business Council.
Steven H. Price — Mr. Price serves as Dell Technologies'Technologies’ Chief Human Resources Officer, leading both human resources and global facilities functions. In this role, Mr. Price is responsible for overall human resources strategy in support of the purpose, values, and business initiatives of Dell Technologies. He is also responsible for addressing the culture, leadership, talent, and performance challenges of the company.Company. Mr. Price previously served as Dell'sDell’s Senior Vice President, Human Resources from June 2010 to September 2016. Mr. Price joined Dell in February 1997 and has served in many key leadership roles throughout the HR organization, including Vice President of HR Operations, Global Talent Management, Vice President of HR for the global Consumer business, Vice President of HR Americas, and Vice President of HR EMEA. Prior toBefore joining Dell in 1997, Mr. Price spent 13 years with SC Johnson Wax, a producer of consumer products based in Racine, Wisconsin. Having started his career there in sales, he later moved into human resources, where he held a variety of senior positions. Mr. Price also is the executive sponsor for the SlackBlack Employee Resource Group at Dell Technologies.
Karen H. Quintos — Ms. Quintos serves as Chief Customer Officer of Dell Technologies, where she leads a global organization solely devoted to customer advocacy, and is responsible for setting and executing a total customer experience strategy. Ms. Quintos also leads the Diversity and Inclusion and Corporate Responsibility business imperatives, which encompass social responsibility, entrepreneurship, and diversity. Ms. Quintos previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)(“CMO”) for Dell from September 2010 to September 2016, where she led marketing for Dell'sthe Company’s global commercial business, brand strategy, global communications, social media, corporate responsibility, customer insights, marketing talent development, and agency management. Before becoming CMO, Ms. Quintos served as Vice President of Dell'sDell’s global public business, from January 2008 to September 2010, and she also held various executive roles in marketing and in Dell'sDell’s Services and Supply Chain Management teams since joining Dell in 2000. Ms. Quintos came to Dell from Citigroup, Inc., an investment banking and financial services company, where she served as Vice President of Global Operations and Technology. She also spent 12 years with Merck & Co., a manufacturer and distributor of pharmaceuticals, where she held a variety of marketing, operations, and supply chain leadership positions. She has served on multiple boards of directors and currently serves on the boards of Cummins Inc., Lennox International, the Susan G. Komen for the Cure, and Penn State'sState’s Smeal Business School. Ms. Quintos also is founder and executive sponsor of Dell's WiseDell Technologies’ Women in Action employee resource group.


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Rory Read — Mr. Read serves as Chief Operating Executive, Dell Technologies'Technologies and as President of Virtustream. As Chief Integration Officer. Mr. ReadOperating Executive of Dell Technologies, in which position he has served in his present role since October 2015, Mr. Read applies his executive leadership strength and operational expertise to critical areas of our business, driving key transformational objectives. As President of Virtustream, in which role he has served since May 2018, Mr. Read is responsible for leadingoverseeing the integrationstrategic direction of Virtustream and driving business execution excellence. Mr. Read was Chief Integration Officer from October 2015 until April 2018 and led the historic transaction to combine Dell Inc. and EMC businesses.EMC. From March 2015 to October 2015, Mr. Read served as Chief Operating Officer and President of Worldwide Commercial Sales for Dell, where he was responsible for cross-business unit and country-level operational planning, building and leading Dell'sthe Company’s best-in-class sales engine, and overseeing the strategy for the company'sCompany’s global channel team, system integrator partners, and direct sales force. Prior to joining Dell in March 2015, Mr. Read served as President and Chief Executive Officer at Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., a technology company, from August 2011 to October 2014, where he also served as a member of the board of directors.


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Before that service, he spent over five years as President and Chief Operating Officer at Lenovo Group Ltd., a computer technology company, where he was responsible for driving growth, execution, profitability, and performance across an enterprise encompassing more than 160 countries. Mr. Read also spent 23 years at International Business Machines Corporation, (IBM), a technology and consulting company, serving in various leadership roles in the Asia-Pacific region and globally.
Richard J. Rothberg — Mr. Rothberg serves as General Counsel and Secretary for Dell Technologies. In this role, in which he has served since November 2013, Mr. Rothberg oversees the global legal department and manages government affairs, compliance, and ethics. He is also responsible for global security. Mr. Rothberg joined Dell in 1999 and has served in critical leadership roles throughout the legal department. He served as Vice President of Legal, supporting Dell'sDell’s businesses in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region before moving to Singapore in 2008 as Vice President of Legal for the Asia-Pacific and Japan region. Mr. Rothberg returned to the United States in 2010 to serve as Vice President of Legal for the North America and Latin America regions. In this role, he was lead counsel for sales and operations in the Americas and for the enterprise solutions, software, and end-user computing business units. He also led the government affairs organization worldwide. Prior toBefore joining Dell, Mr. Rothberg spentserved nearly eight years in senior legal roles at Caterpillar Inc., an equipment manufacturing company, in senior legal roles in Nashville, Tennessee and Geneva, Switzerland. Mr. Rothberg was also an attorney for IBM Credit Corporation and at Rogers & Wells, a law firm.
William F. Scannell — Mr. Scannell serves as President, Global Sales and Customer Operations for Dell Technologies, leading the global go-to-market organization. In this role, in which he has served since February 2020, Mr. Scannell is responsible for global go-to-market strategy and driving share and revenue growth for the Company’s products, services and solutions in 180 countries around the world. Mr. Scannell previously served as President, Global Enterprise Sales and Customer Operations for Dell Technologies from September 2017 to January 2020, leading the global go-to-market organization serving enterprise customers. In this role, Mr. Scannell led the Dell Technologies sales teams to deliver innovative and practical technology solutions to large enterprises and public institutions worldwide. Prior to his service in that position, Mr. Scannell served as President, Global Sales and Customer Operations at EMC Corporation. In this role, to which he was appointed in July 2012, Mr. Scannell focused on driving coordination and teamwork among EMC’s business unit sales forces, as well as building and maintaining relationships with EMC’s largest global accounts, global alliance partners, and global channel partners. Mr. Scannell began his career as an EMC sales representative in 1986, becoming country manager of Canada in 1988. Shortly thereafter, his responsibilities expanded to include the United States and Latin America. In 1999, Mr. Scannell moved to London to oversee EMC’s business across all of Europe, Middle East, and Africa. He then managed worldwide sales in 2001 and 2002 before being appointed Executive Vice President in 2007.


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Thomas W. Sweet — Mr. Sweet serves as Chief Financial Officer of Dell Technologies. In this role, in which he has served since January 2014, he is responsible for all aspects of the company'sCompany’s finance function, including accounting, financial planning and analysis, tax, treasury, investor relations, and corporate strategy. He is also responsible for the global business operations function and Dell Financial Services. From May 2007 to January 2014, Mr. Sweet served in a variety of finance leadership roles for Dell, including as Vice President of Corporate Finance, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer, with responsibility for global accounting, tax, treasury, and investor relations, as well as for global finance services. Mr. Sweet was responsible for external financial reporting for more than five years when Dell Inc. was a publicly-traded company. Prior to his service in those roles, Mr. Sweetthis, he served in a variety of finance leadership positions, including as Vice President responsible for overall finance activities within the corporate business, education, government, and healthcare business units of Dell. Mr. Sweet also has served as Vice Presidentthe head of internal audit and in a number of sales leadership roles in education and corporate business units since joining Dell in 1997.Prior to joining Dell, Mr. Sweet was vice president, accounting and finance, for Telos Corporation, a provider of security solutions. Before that, he spent 13 years with Price Waterhouse, a firm specializing in assurance, tax, and consulting services, in a variety of roles primarily focused on providing audit and accounting services to the technology industry.
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ITEM 1A — RISK FACTORS


Our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects are subject to a variety of significant risks, many of which are beyond our control. The following is a description of some of the important risk factors that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ substantially from those weDell Technologies currently expectexpects or seek.seeks. The risks described below are not the only risks facing us. There are additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that weDell Technologies currently deemdeems to be immaterial that also may materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, or prospects.
Risk Factors
Risks Relating to Our Business and Our Industry


Competitive pressures may adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ industry unit share position, revenue, and profitability.

Dell Technologies operates in an industry in which there are rapid technological advances in hardware, software, and serviceservices offerings. As a result, Dell Technologies faces aggressive product and price competition from both branded and generic competitors. Dell Technologies competes based on its ability to offer to its customer'scustomers competitive integrated solutions that provide the most current and desired product and services features. There is a risk that Dell Technologies'Technologies’ competitors may provide products that are less costly, perform better or include additional features that are not available with Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products. There also is a risk thatFurther, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ product portfolios may quickly become outdated or that Dell Technologies'Technologies’ market share may quickly erode. Further, effortsEfforts to balance the mix of products and services in order to optimize profitability, liquidity, and growth also may put pressure on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ industry position.
As the technology industry continues to expand globally, there may be new and increased competition in different geographic regions. The generally low barriers to entry in the technology industry increase the potential for challenges from new industry competitors. There also may be increased competition from new types of products as the options for mobile and cloud computing solutions increase. In addition, companies with which Dell Technologies has strategic alliances may become competitors in other product areas, or current competitors may enter into new strategic relationships with new or existing competitors, all of which may further increase the competitive pressures on Dell Technologies.
Reliance on vendors for products and components, many of which are single-source or limited-source suppliers, could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business by adversely affecting product availability, delivery, reliability, and cost.
Dell Technologies maintains several single-source or limited-source supplier relationships, including relationships with third-party software providers, either because multiple sources are not readily available or because the relationships are advantageous due to performance, quality, support, delivery, capacity, or price considerations. A delay in the supply of a critical single- or limited-source product or component may prevent the timely shipment of the related product in desired quantities or configurations. In addition, Dell Technologies may not be able to replace the functionality provided by third-party software currently offered with its products if that software becomes obsolete, defective, or incompatible with future product versions or is not adequately maintained or updated. Even where multiple sources of supply are available, qualification of the alternative suppliers and establishment of reliable supplies could result in delays and a possible loss of sales, which could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operating results.
Dell Technologies obtains many of its products and all of its components from third-party vendors, many of which are located outside of the United States. In addition, significant portions of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products are assembled by contract manufacturers, primarily in various locations in Asia. A significant concentration of such outsourced manufacturing currently is currently performed by only a few of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ contract manufacturers, often in single locations. Dell Technologies sells components to these contract manufacturers and generates large non-trade accounts receivables, an arrangement that would present a risk of uncollectibility if the financial condition of a contract manufacturer should deteriorate.
Although these relationships generate cost efficiencies, they limit Dell Technologies'Technologies’ direct control over production. The increasing reliance on vendors subjects Dell Technologies to a greater risk of shortages and reduced control over delivery schedules of components and products, as well as a greater risk of increases in product and component costs. Dell Technologies may experience supply shortages and price increases caused by changes to raw material availability, manufacturing capacity, labor shortages, public health issues, such as the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tariffs, trade disputes and protectionist measures, natural catastrophes or the effects of climate change (such as extreme weather conditions, sea level


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rise, drought, flooding and wildfires), and significant changes in the financial condition of Dell Technologies’ suppliers. Because Dell Technologies maintains minimal levels of component and product inventories, a disruption in component or product availability could harm Dell Technologies'its ability to satisfy customer needs. In addition, defective parts and products from these vendors could reduce product reliability and harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ reputation.


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If Dell Technologies fails to achieve favorable pricing from vendors, its profitability could be adversely affected.

Dell Technologies'Technologies’ profitability is affected by its ability to achieve favorable pricing from vendors and contract manufacturers, including through negotiations for vendor rebates, marketing funds, and other vendor funding received in the normal course of business. Because these supplier negotiations are continuous and reflect the evolving competitive environment, the variability in timing and amount of incremental vendor discounts and rebates can affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ profitability. The vendor programs may change periodically, potentially resulting in adverse profitability trends if Dell Technologies cannot adjust pricing or variable costs. An inability to establish a cost and product advantage, or determine alternative means to deliver value to customers, may adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ revenue and profitability.

Adverse global economic conditions and instability in financial markets may harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and result in reduced net revenue and profitability.
As a global company with customers operating in a broad range of businesses and industries, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ performance is affected by global economic conditions.conditions and the demand for technology products and services in international markets. Adverse economic conditions may negatively affect customer demand, for Dell Technologies' products and services. Such economic conditions could result in postponed or decreased spending amid customer concerns over unemployment, reduced asset values, volatile energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, and the stability and solvency of financial institutions, financial markets, businesses, local and state governments, and sovereign nations. Weak or unstable global economic conditions, including due to international trade protection measures and disputes, such as those between the United States and China, or due to public health issues, such as the outbreak of COVID-19 discussed below, also could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business by contributing to product shortages or delays, supply chain disruptions, insolvency of key suppliers, customer and counterparty insolvencies, increased product costs and increased challenges in managingassociated price increases, reduced global sales, and other adverse effects on Dell Technologies' treasuryTechnologies’ operations. Any such effects could have a negative impact on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ net revenue and profitability.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported to have been detected in Wuhan, China, and since then has spread to many other countries, including the United States. The extent to which COVID-19 may affect our business, financial position, and results of operations depends on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. The spread of COVID-19 may create global economic uncertainty, which may cause partners, suppliers, and potential customers to restrict spending or delay nonessential purchases. If COVID-19 continues to spread, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business operations could be adversely affected by potential reductions in sales, earnings, or productivity resulting from possible impacts of COVID-19 such as production delays or limitations; adverse effects on distributors; supply chain disruptions; delays or limitations on the ability of U.S. federal, state, and local governments and other customers to perform or make timely payments; adverse investment performance; disruptions in business travel; and workforce disruptions due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures or other restrictions. Additionally, Dell Technologies may be unable to fully perform its contracts and its costs may increase as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19. Dell Technologies continues to work with its customers, employees, suppliers and local communities to address the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and continues to assess further possible impacts to its business, supply chain, and customers.
Dell Technologies’ results of operations may be adversely affected if it fails to successfully execute its growth strategy.
Dell Technologies' growthTechnologies’ strategy involves reaching moreenabling the digital transformation of its customers while leading in the core infrastructure markets in which it competes. Accordingly, Dell Technologies must continue to expand its customer base through direct sales, new distribution channels, expandingfurther developing relationships with resellers, and augmenting select business areas through targeted acquisitions and other commercial arrangements. As more customers are reached through new distribution channels and expanded reseller relationships, Dell Technologies may fail to manage effectively the increasingly difficult tasks of inventory management and demand forecasting. The ability to implement this growth strategy depends on a successful transitioning of sales capabilities, the successful addition to the breadth of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ solutions capabilities through selective acquisitions of other businesses, and the effective management of the consequences of these strategic initiatives. If Dell Technologies is unable to meet these challenges, its results of operations could be adversely affected.
Dell Technologies faces risks and challenges in connection with its transformation to an essential infrastructure solutions provider and its business strategy.

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Dell Technologies expects its strategic transformationis organized into three business units consisting of ISG, CSG, and VMware which are each important components of Dell Technologies’ strategy. ISG consists of a portfolio of storage, server, and networking solutions and faces intense competition from existing on-premises competitors and increasing competitive pressures from public cloud providers. Accordingly, Dell Technologies could be required to make additional investments to combat such competitive pressures and drive future growth. Such pressures could result in the erosion of revenue and operating income and adversely affect ISG’s results of operations. In order to address an essentialindustry trend toward hybrid-computing models, Dell Technologies has developed and continues to develop traditional, converged, and hyper-converged infrastructure solutions provider to take more time and investment, andaddress the investments it must makeexpanding needs of its customers. ISG’s results of operations could be adversely affected if such solutions are likelynot adopted by Dell Technologies’ customers or potential customers, or if customers move rapidly to result in lower gross margins and raise its operating expenses and capital expenditures.adopt public cloud solutions.
For Fiscal 2017, Dell Technologies' Client Solutions business2020, CSG generated approximately 60%50% of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ net revenue, and largely relied on PC sales. Moreover, revenuesales of desktops, workstations, and notebooks. Revenue from Client SolutionsCSG absorbs Dell Technologies' significantTechnologies’ overhead costs and allows for scaled procurement. As a result, Client Solutions remains an important component in Dell Technologies' broad transformation strategy. While Dell Technologies continues to rely on Client Solutions as a critical element of its business, Dell Technologies also anticipates an increasingly challenging demand environment in Client SolutionsCSG faces risk and intensifying market competition. Current challenges in Client Solutions stemuncertainties from fundamental changes in the PCpersonal computer (“PC”) market, including a decline in worldwide revenues for desktopdesktops, workstations, and laptop PCs,notebooks, and lower shipment forecasts for PCthese products due to a general lengthening of the replacement cycle for PC products and increasing interest in alternative mobile solutions. PC shipments worldwide declined 5.7% during calendar year 2016, and further deterioration in the PC market may occur. Other challenges include declining margins ascycle. Any reduced demand for PC products shifts from higher-margin premiumor a significant increase in competition could cause operating income to fluctuate and adversely impact CSG’s results of operations.
The success of the VMware business unit depends increasingly on customer acceptance of VMware’s newer offerings. VMware’s solutions are primarily based on server virtualization and related compute technologies used for virtualizing on-premises data center servers, which form the foundation for private cloud computing. As the market for server virtualization continues to mature, the rate of growth in license sales of products such as VMware’s vSphere has declined. The VMware business unit has been increasingly directing its product development and marketing efforts toward solutions that enable businesses to utilize virtualization as the foundation for private, public, hybrid and multi-cloud-based computing and mobile computing. To the extent that VMware’s newer offerings are adopted by customers more slowly than revenue growth in the established server virtualization offerings declines, this segment’s revenue growth rates may slow materially or its revenue may decline, and VMware may fail to realize returns on its investments in new initiatives.
If its cost efficiency measures are not successful, Dell Technologies may become less competitive.
Dell Technologies continues to focus on minimizing operating expenses through cost improvements and simplification of its corporate structure. Certain factors may prevent the achievement of these goals, which may negatively affect Dell Technologies’ competitive position. For example, Dell Technologies may experience delays or unanticipated costs in implementing its cost efficiency plans, which could prevent the timely or full achievement of expected cost efficiencies.
Dell Technologies’ inability to manage solutions and product and services transitions in an effective manner could reduce the demand for Dell Technologies’ solutions, products, and services, and negatively affect the profitability of Dell Technologies’ operations.
Continuing improvements in technology result in the frequent introduction of new solutions, products, and services, improvements in product performance characteristics, and short product life cycles. If Dell Technologies fails to manage in an effective manner transitions to new solutions and offerings, the products and services associated with such offerings and customer demand for Dell Technologies’ solutions, products, and services could diminish, and Dell Technologies’ profitability could suffer.
Dell Technologies is increasingly sourcing new products and transitioning existing products through its contract manufacturers and manufacturing outsourcing relationships in order to generate cost efficiencies and better serve its customers. The success of product transitions depends on a number of factors, including the availability of sufficient quantities of components at attractive costs. Product transitions also present execution uncertainties and risks, including the risk that new or upgraded products may have quality issues or other defects.
Failure to deliver high-quality hardware, software, and services could lead to loss of customers and diminished profitability.
Dell Technologies must identify and address quality issues associated with its hardware, software, and services, many of which include third-party components. Although quality testing is performed regularly to detect quality problems and implement


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required solutions, failure to identify and correct significant product quality issues before the sale of such products to lower-costcustomers could result in lower sales, increased warranty or replacement expenses, and lower-margin products, particularlyreduced customer confidence, which could harm Dell Technologies’ operating results.
Cyber attacks or other security incidents that disrupt Dell Technologies’ operations or result in emerging markets,the breach or other compromise of proprietary or confidential information about Dell Technologies or Dell Technologies’ workforce, customers, or other third parties could disrupt Dell Technologies’ business, harm its reputation, cause Dell Technologies to lose clients and significantexpose Dell Technologies to costly regulatory enforcement and increasing competition from efficientlitigation.
Dell Technologies manages, stores, and low-cost manufacturersotherwise processes various proprietary information and from manufacturerssensitive or confidential data relating to its operations. In addition, Dell Technologies’ businesses routinely process, store, and transmit large amounts of innovativedata, including sensitive and higher-margin PC products. For example, the built-to-order modelpersonally identifiable information, for Dell Technologies’ customers. Criminal or other actors may be able to penetrate Dell Technologies’ security and misappropriate or compromise Dell Technologies’ confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. Dell Technologies may experience breaches or other compromises of its information technology systems. Dell reported in November 2018 that it had detected and disrupted unauthorized activity on its network attempting to extract Dell.com customer information. Further, hardware and operating system software and applications that Dell Technologies historically has used is losing competitivenessproduces or procures from third parties may contain defects in an environment where profit pools are moving toward lower-margin segments primarily based ondesign or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of such systems.
The costs to address the foregoing security problems and security vulnerabilities before or after a build-to-stock model.security incident could be significant. Remediation efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays, or cessation of service and loss of existing or potential customers that may impede Dell Technologies’ sales, manufacturing, distribution, or other critical functions. Dell Technologies also lacks a strong offeringcould lose existing or potential customers for outsourcing services or other information technology solutions in tablets.
The challengesconnection with any actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in Dell Technologies’ products. In addition, breaches of Dell Technologies’ security measures and the unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about Dell Technologies, facesits customers, or other third parties could expose Dell Technologies, its customers or other third parties affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in its transformation include low operating marginsregulatory enforcement, litigation and potential liability for the Infrastructure Solutions Group, referred to as ISG,Dell Technologies, damage Dell Technologies’ brand and although Client Solutions drives pull-through revenuereputation or otherwise harm Dell Technologies’ business. Further, Dell Technologies relies on third-party data management providers and cross-selling of ISG solutions, theother vendors whose possible security problems and security vulnerabilities may have similar effects on Dell Technologies.


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potential for further margin erosion remains due to intense competition, including emerging competitive pressure from cloud services. Improving the integration of Dell Technologies' product and service offerings as well as its ability to cross-sell remain a work in progress, as Dell Technologies is subject to laws, rules, and regulations in the early stagesUnited States and other countries relating to the collection, use, and security of integratinguser and other data. Dell Technologies’ ability to execute transactions and to possess and use personal information and data in conducting its products into solutionsbusiness subjects it to legislative and thus far has limited overlapregulatory burdens that may require Dell Technologies to notify regulators and customers, employees, or other individuals of a security breach, including in the base of large customers forEuropean Union under the Client Solutions business and the ISG business. In addition, returns fromEU General Data Protection Regulation. Dell Technologies' prior acquisitions have been mixedTechnologies has incurred, and will require additional investmentscontinue to repositionincur, significant expenses to comply with mandatory privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, or contractual obligations, but despite such expenditures may face regulatory and other legal actions in the business for growth, while cross-selling synergies have not been achieved as anticipated. Asevent of a result of the foregoing challenges, Dell Technologies' business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.data breach or perceived or actual non-compliance with such requirements.
Dell Technologies may not successfully implement its acquisition strategy, which could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and increased costs.
Dell Technologies makes strategic acquisitions of other companies as part of its growth strategy. Dell Technologies could experience unforeseen operating difficulties in assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, services, products, personnel, or operations of acquired companies, especially if Dell Technologies is unable to retain the key personnel of an acquired company. Further, future acquisitions may result in a delay or reduction of client sales for both Dell Technologies and the acquired company because of clientcustomer uncertainty about the continuity and effectiveness of solutions offered by either company and may disrupt Dell Technologies'Technologies’ existing business by diverting resources and significant management attention that otherwise would be focused on development of the existing business. Acquisitions also may negatively affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ relationships with strategic partners if the acquisitions are seen as bringing Dell Technologies into competition with such partners.


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To complete an acquisition, Dell Technologies may be required to use substantial amounts of cash, engage in equity or debt financings, or enter into credit agreements to secure additional funds. Such debt financings could involve restrictive covenants that couldmight limit Dell Technologies'Technologies’ capital-raising activities and operating flexibility. Further, an acquisition may negatively affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ results of operations because it may expose Dell Technologies to unexpected liabilities, require the incurrence of charges and substantial indebtedness or other liabilities, have adverse tax consequences, result in acquired in-process research and development expenses, or in the future require the amortization, write-down, or impairment of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill, and other intangible assets, or fail to generate a financial return sufficient to offset acquisition costs.
In addition, Dell Technologies periodically divests businesses, including businesses that are no longer a part of its strategic plan. These divestitures similarly require significant investment of time and resources, may disrupt Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and distract management from other responsibilities, and may result in losses on disposition or continued financial involvement in the divested business, including through indemnification or other financial arrangements, for a period following the transaction, which could adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial results.
If its cost efficiency measures are not successful, Dell Technologies may become less competitive.
Dell Technologies continues to focus on minimizing operating expenses through cost improvements and simplification of Dell Technologies' structure. Certain factors may prevent the achievement of these goals, which may negatively affect Dell Technologies' competitive position. For example, Dell Technologies may experience delays or unanticipated costs in implementing its cost efficiency plans, which could prevent the timely or full achievement of expected cost efficiencies.
Dell Technologies' inability to manage solutions and product and services transitions in an effective manner could reduce the demand for Dell Technologies' solutions, products, and services, and the profitability of Dell Technologies' operations.
Continuing improvements in technology result in the frequent introduction of new solutions, products, and services, improvements in product performance characteristics and short product life cycles. If Dell Technologies fails to manage in an effective manner transitions to new solutions and offerings, the products and services associated with such offerings and customer demand for Dell Technologies' solutions, products, and services could diminish, and Dell Technologies' profitability could suffer.
Dell Technologies is increasingly sourcing new products and transitioning existing products through its contract manufacturers and manufacturing outsourcing relationships in order to generate cost efficiencies and better serve its customers. The success of product transitions depends on a number of factors, including the availability of sufficient quantities of components at attractive costs. Product transitions also present execution challenges and risks, including the risk that new or upgraded products may have quality issues or other defects.


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Failure to deliver high-quality products and services could lead to loss of customers and diminished profitability.
Dell Technologies must identify and address quality issues associated with its products and services, many of which include third-party components. Although quality testing is performed regularly to detect quality problems and implement required solutions, failure to identify and correct significant product quality issues before the sale of such products to customers could result in lower sales, increased warranty or replacement expenses, and reduced customer confidence, which could harm Dell Technologies' operating results.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to generate substantial non-U.S. net revenue is subject to additional risks and uncertainties.
Sales outside the United States accounted for approximately 50%half of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ consolidated net revenue for Fiscal 2017.2020. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ future growth rates and success are substantially dependent on the continued growth of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business outside of the United States. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ international operations face many risks and uncertainties, including varied local economic and labor conditions,conditions; political instability,instability; public health issues, such as the outbreak of COVID-19; changes in the U.S. and international regulatory environments, andenvironments; the impacts of trade protection measures, including increases in tariffs and trade barriers due to the current geopolitical climate and changes and instability in government policies and international trade arrangements, which could adversely affect Dell Technologies’ ability to conduct business in non-U.S. markets; tax laws (including U.S. taxes on foreign operations),; potential theft or other compromise of our technology, data, or intellectual property; copyright levies,levies; and foreign currency exchange rates. Dell Technologies’ international operations could suffer as a result of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, effective on January 31, 2020, commonly referred to as Brexit. The unsettled terms of the withdrawal, which are subject to negotiation during an 11-month transition period, have created significant uncertainty in areas currently regulated by European Union law, such as cross-border data transfers. Further, trade, immigration, and commercial regulation may be modified during the transition period or permanently as a result of Brexit. Dell Technologies could incur additional operating costs, or sustain supply chain disruptions, due to any such changes. Any of these factors could negatively affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ international business results and prospects for growth.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ profitability may be adversely affected by product, customer,changes in the mix of products and services, customers, or geographic sales, mix, and by seasonal sales trends.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ overall profitability for any period may be adversely affected by changes in the mix of products and services, customers, andor geographic markets reflected in sales for that period, and by seasonal trends. Profit margins vary among products, services, customers, and geographic markets. For instance, services offerings generally have a higher profit margin than consumer products. In addition, parts of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business are subject to seasonal sales trends. Among the trends with the most significant impact on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operating results, sales to government customers (particularly the U.S. federal government) are typically stronger in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ third fiscal quarter, sales in Europe, the Middle East and Africa are often weaker in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ third fiscal quarter, and sales to consumers are typically strongest during Dell Technologies'Technologies’ fourth fiscal quarter.
Dell Technologies may lose revenue opportunities and experience gross margin pressure if sales channel participants fail to perform as expected.
Dell Technologies relies on third-party value-added resellers, system integrators, distributors, retailers, systems integrators, value-added resellers, and other sales channels to complement its direct sales organization in order to reach more end-users globally. Future operating results increasingly will depend on the performance of sales channel participants and on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ success in maintaining and developing these relationships. Revenue and gross margins could be negatively affected if the financial condition or operations of channel participants weaken as a result of adverse economic conditions or other business challenges, or if uncertainty regarding the demand for Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products causes channel participants to reduce their orders for Dell Technologies'these products. Further, some channel participants


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may consider the expansion of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ direct sales initiatives to conflict with their business interests as distributors or resellers of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products, which could lead them to reduce their investment in the distribution and sale of Dell Technologies'such products, or to cease all sales of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial performance could suffer from reduced access to the capital markets by Dell Technologies or some of its customers.
Dell Technologies may access debt and capital sources to provide financing for customers and to obtain funds for general corporate purposes, including working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and funding of customer receivables. In addition, Dell Technologies maintains customer financing relationships with some companies that rely on access to the debt and capital markets to meet significant funding needs. Any inability of these companies to access such markets could compel Dell Technologies to self-fund transactions with such companies or to forgo customer financing opportunities, which could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial performance. The debt and capital markets may experience extreme volatility and disruption from time to time in the future, which could result in higher credit spreads in such markets and higher funding costs for Dell Technologies. The spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which increases the cost of capital and adversely impacts access to capital. Deterioration in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business performance, a credit rating downgrade, volatility in the securitization markets, changes in financial services regulation, or adverse changes in the economy could lead to reductions in the availability of debt financing. In addition, these events could limit Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to continue asset securitizations or other forms of financing from debt or capital sources, reduce the amount of financing receivables that Dell


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Technologies originates, or negatively affect the costs or terms on which Dell Technologies may be able to obtain capital. Any of these developments could adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ net revenue, profitability, and cash flows.
If the value of goodwill or intangible assets is materially impaired, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
As of January 31, 2020, goodwill and intangible assets, net had a combined carrying value of $59.8 billion, representing approximately 50% of our total consolidated assets. We periodically evaluate goodwill and intangible assets, net to determine whether all or a portion of their carrying values may be impaired, in which case an impairment charge may be necessary. The value of goodwill may be materially and adversely affected if businesses that we acquire perform in a manner that is inconsistent with our assumptions at the time of acquisition. In addition, from time to time we divest businesses, and any such divestiture could result in significant asset impairment and disposition charges, including those related to goodwill and intangible assets, net. Any future evaluations resulting in an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets, net could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition in the period in which the impairment is recognized.
Weak economic conditions and additional regulation could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial services activities.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial services activities are negatively affected by adverse economic conditions that contribute to loan delinquencies and defaults. An increase in loan delinquencies and defaults would result in greater net credit losses, which may require Dell Technologies to increase its reserves for customer receivables.
In addition, the implementation of new financial services regulation, or the application of existing financial services regulation, in new countries where Dell Technologies expands its financial services and related supporting activities, could unfavorably affect the profitability and cash flows of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ consumer financing activities.
Dell Technologies is subject to counterparty default risks.

Dell Technologies has numerous arrangements with financial institutions that include cash and investment deposits, interest rate swap contracts, foreign currency option contracts, and forward contracts. As a result, Dell Technologies is subject to the risk that the counterparty to one or more of these arrangements will default, either voluntarily or involuntarily, on its performance under the terms of the arrangement. In times of market distress, a counterparty may default rapidly and without notice, and Dell Technologies may be unable to take action to cover its exposure, either because of lack of contractual ability to do so or because market conditions make it difficult to take effective action. If one of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ counterparties becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability eventually to recover any losses suffered as a result of that counterparty'scounterparty’s default may be limited by the impaired liquidity of the counterparty or the applicable legal regime governing the


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bankruptcy proceeding. In the event of such a default, Dell Technologies could incur significant losses, which could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.
The
Dell Technologies’ performance and business could suffer if its contracts for ISG services and solutions fail to produce revenue at expected levels due to exercise by customers of certaincustomer rights under their servicesthe contracts, with inaccurate estimation of costs, or customer defaults in payment.

Dell Technologies offers its ISG customers a range of consumption models for its services and solutions, including as-a-service, utility, leases, or immediate pay models, all designed to match customers’ consumption preferences. These solutions are generally multi-year agreements that typically result in recurring revenue streams over the term of the arrangement. Dell Technologies' failureTechnologies’ financial results and growth depend, in part, on its customers continuing to perform as it anticipates atpurchase its services and solutions over the time it enters into services contracts, could adversely affect Dell Technologies' revenue and profitability.
Many of Dell Technologies' servicescontract life on the agreed terms. The contracts allow customers to take actions that may adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ recurring revenue and profitability. These actions include terminating a contract if Dell Technologies'Technologies’ performance does not meet specified serviceservices levels, requesting rate reductions, or contract termination, reducing the use of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ services and solutions or terminating a contract early upon payment of agreed fees. In addition, Dell Technologies estimates the costs of delivering the services and solutions at the outset of the contract. If Dell Technologies fails to estimate such costs accurately and actual costs significantly exceed estimates, Dell Technologies may incur losses on the services contracts. Dell Technologies also is subject to the risk of loss under its contracts as a result of a default, voluntarily or involuntarily, in payment by the customer, whether because of financial weakness or other reasons.
Loss of government contracts could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business.
Contracts with the U.S. federal, state, and local governments and with foreign governments are subject to future funding that may affect the extension or termination of programs and to the right of such governments to terminate contracts for convenience or non-appropriation. There is pressure on governments, both domestically and internationally, to reduce spending. Funding reductions or delays could adversely affect public sector demand for Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products and services. In addition, if Dell Technologies violates legal or regulatory requirements, the applicable government could suspend or disbar Dell Technologies as a contractor, which would unfavorably affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ net revenue and profitability.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business could suffer if Dell Technologies does not develop and protect its proprietary intellectual property or obtain or protect licenses to intellectual property developed by others on commercially reasonable and competitive terms.
If Dell Technologies or Dell Technologies'its suppliers are unable to develop or protect desirable technology or technology licenses, Dell Technologies may be prevented from marketing products, may have to market products without desirable features, or may incur substantial costs to redesign products. Dell Technologies also may have to defend or enforce legal actions or pay damages if Dell Technologies is found to have violated the intellectual property of other parties. Although Dell Technologies'Technologies’ suppliers might be contractually obligated to obtain or protect such licenses and indemnify Dell Technologies against related expenses, those suppliers could be unable to meet their obligations. Although Dell Technologies invests in research and development and obtains additional intellectual property through acquisitions, but those activities do not guarantee that Dell Technologies will develop or obtain intellectual property necessary for profitable operations. Costs involved in developing and protecting rights in intellectual property may have a negative impact on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business. In


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addition, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operating costs could increase because of copyright levies or similar fees by rights holders and collection agencies in European and other countries.
Infrastructure disruptions could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business.
Dell Technologies depends on its information technology and manufacturing infrastructure to achieve its business objectives. Natural disasters, manufacturing failures, telecommunications system failures, or defective or improperly installed new or upgraded business management systems could lead to disruptions in this infrastructure. Portions of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ IT infrastructure also may experience interruptions, delays, or cessations of service, or produce errors in connection with systems integration or migration work. Such disruptions may adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to receive or process orders, manufacture and ship products in a timely manner or otherwise conduct business in the normal course. Further, portions of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ services business involve the processing, storage, and transmission of data, which also would be negatively affected by such an event. Disruptions in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ infrastructure could lead to loss of customers and revenue,


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particularly during a period of heavy demand for Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products and services. Dell Technologies also could incur significant expense in repairing system damage and taking other remedial measures.
Cyber attacks or other data security breaches that disrupt Dell Technologies' operations or result in the dissemination of proprietary or confidential information about Dell Technologies, Dell Technologies' customers or other third parties could disrupt Dell Technologies' business, harm its reputation, cause Dell Technologies to lose clients, and expose Dell Technologies to costly litigation.
Dell Technologies manages and stores various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to its operations. In addition, Dell Technologies' cloud computing businesses routinely process, store, and transmit large amounts of data for Dell Technologies' customers, including sensitive and personally identifiable information. Dell Technologies may be subject to breaches of the information technology systems it uses for these purposes. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate Dell Technologies' network security and misappropriate or compromise Dell Technologies' confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. Further, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that Dell Technologies produces or procures from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including "bugs" and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of such systems.
The costs to eliminate or address the foregoing security problems and security vulnerabilities before or after a cyber incident could be significant. Remediation efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays, or cessation of service, and loss of existing or potential customers that may impede Dell Technologies' sales, manufacturing, distribution, or other critical functions. Dell Technologies could lose existing or potential customers for outsourcing services or other information technology solutions in connection with any actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in Dell Technologies' products. In addition, breaches of Dell Technologies' security measures and the unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about Dell Technologies or its customers or other third parties could expose Dell Technologies, its customers, or other third parties affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for Dell Technologies, damage Dell Technologies' brand and reputation, or otherwise harm Dell Technologies' business. Further, Dell Technologies relies in certain limited capacities on third-party data management providers whose possible security problems and security vulnerabilities may have similar effects on Dell Technologies.
Dell Technologies is subject to laws, rules, and regulations in the United States and other countries relating to the collection, use, and security of user data. Dell Technologies' ability to execute transactions and to possess and use personal information and data in conducting its business subjects it to legislative and regulatory burdens that may require Dell Technologies to notify customers or employees of a data security breach. Dell Technologies has incurred, and will continue to incur, significant expenses to comply with mandatory privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, or contractual obligations.
Failure to hedge effectively Dell Technologies'Technologies’ exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates could adversely affect Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial condition and results of operations.
Dell Technologies utilizes derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Some of these instruments and contracts may involve elements of market and credit risk in excess of the amounts recognized in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial statements. Global economic events, including trade disputes, economic sanctions and emerging market volatility, and associated uncertainty may cause currencies to fluctuate, which may contribute to variations in Dell Technologies’ sales of products and services in various jurisdictions. If Dell Technologies is not successful in monitoring its foreign exchange exposures and conducting an effective hedging program, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ foreign currency hedging activities may not offset the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on its future results of operations and financial position.


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TheAdverse legislative or regulatory tax changes, the expiration of tax holidays or favorable tax rate structures, or unfavorable outcomes in tax audits and other tax compliance matters or adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes could result in an increase in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ tax expense or Dell Technologies'its effective income tax rate.
Changes in tax laws (including any future Treasury notices or regulations related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was signed into law on December 22, 2017) could adversely affect Dell Technologies’ operations and profitability. In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial, and administrative changes have been made to tax laws applicable to Dell Technologies and companies similar to Dell Technologies. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”), an international association of 36 countries, including the United States, has issued guidelines that change long-standing tax principles. This may introduce tax uncertainty as countries amend their tax laws to adopt certain parts of the OECD guidelines. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to occur, and such changes may adversely affect Dell Technologies’ tax liability.
Portions of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operations are subject to a reduced tax rate or are free of tax under various tax holidays that expire in whole or in part from time to time. Many of these holidays may be extended when certain conditions are met, or may be terminated if certain conditions are not met. If the tax holidays are not extended, or if Dell Technologies fails to satisfy the conditions of the reduced tax rate, its effective tax rate would increase in the future.be affected. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ effective tax rate also could increasebe impacted if Dell Technologies'Technologies’ geographic sales mix changes. In addition, any actions by Dell Technologies to repatriate non-U.S. earnings for which it has not previously provided for U.S. taxes may affect the effective tax rate.
The application of tax laws to Dell Technologies' operations and past transactions involves some inherent uncertainty. Dell Technologies is continually under audit in various tax jurisdictions. Although Dell Technologies believes its tax positions are appropriate, Dell Technologies may not be successful in resolving potential tax claims that arise from these audits. An unfavorable outcome in certain of these matters could result in a substantial increase in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ tax expense. In addition, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ provision for income taxes could be adversely affected by changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets.
Further, changes in tax laws (including laws relating to U.S. taxes on foreign operations) could adversely affect Dell Technologies' operations and profitability. In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial, and administrative changes have been made to tax laws applicable to Dell Technologies and companies similar to Dell Technologies. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to occur, and such changes may adversely affect Dell Technologies' tax liability.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ profitability could suffer from any impairment of its portfolio investments.
Dell Technologies invests a significant portion of its available funds in a portfolio consisting primarily of debt securities of various types and maturities pending the deployment of these funds in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ earnings performance could suffer from any impairment of its investments. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ portfolio securities generally are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ financial statements at fair value. If any such investments experience declines in market price and it is determined that such declines are other than temporary, Dell Technologies may have to recognize in earnings the decline in the fair market value of such investments below their cost or carrying value.
Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and result in substantial costs.
Dell Technologies is involved in various claims, suits, investigations, and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business, as well as those that arose in connection with Dell's going-private transaction and the EMC mergerClass V transaction, including those described elsewhere in this report. Additional legal claims or regulatory matters affecting Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries may arise in the future and could involve stockholder, consumer, regulatory, compliance, intellectual property, antitrust, tax, and other issues on a global basis. Litigation is inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the merits of the claims, litigation may be both


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time-consuming and disruptive to Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business. Dell Technologies could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could adversely affect its operating results or cash flows in a particular period. In addition, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected if any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against it by any third party is successful, or if Dell Technologies fails to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions.
Dell Technologies is incurring increased costs and is subject to additional regulations and requirements as a result of becoming a public company, and Dell Technologies' management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance matters, which could lower Dell Technologies' profits or make it more difficult to run its business.
As a newly public company, Dell Technologies is incurring significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that it has not incurred as a private company, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements and costs of recruiting and retaining non-executive directors. Dell Technologies also is incurring costs associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules implemented by the SEC and the NYSE. The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. Dell Technologies expects these rules and regulations to increase its legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly, although it is currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. Dell Technologies' management will need to devote a substantial amount of time to ensure that it complies with all of these requirements. These laws and regulations also could make it more difficult for Dell Technologies to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on its board of directors or its board committees or as its executive officers. Further, if Dell Technologies is unable to satisfy its obligations as a public company,


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the Class V Common Stock could be subject to delisting and Dell Technologies could be subject to fines, sanctions, and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.
Dell Technologies is obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting and any failure to do so may adversely affect investor confidence in Dell Technologies and, as a result, the value of the Class V Common Stock.
Effective Fiscal 2018, following a transition period afforded to companies that were not previously SEC reporting companies, Dell Technologies will be required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to furnish a report by management on, among other matters, its assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. The assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by Dell Technologies' management in Dell Technologies' internal control over financial reporting. Dell Technologies also will be required to disclose significant changes made in its internal control procedures on a quarterly basis. In addition, Dell Technologies' independent registered public accounting firm is required to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of Dell Technologies' internal control over financial reporting beginning with its second annual report on Form 10-K. The process of designing, implementing, and testing internal controls over financial reporting is time-consuming, costly, and complicated.
During the evaluation and testing process of its internal controls, if Dell Technologies identifies one or more material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, Dell Technologies will be unable to assert that its internal control over financial reporting is effective. Dell Technologies may experience material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in its internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit Dell Technologies' ability to issue accurate reports of its financial condition or results of operations. If Dell Technologies is unable to conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if Dell Technologies' independent registered public accounting firm determines that Dell Technologies has a material weakness or significant deficiency in its internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, the market price of the Class V Common Stock could decline, and Dell Technologies could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, also could restrict future access to the capital markets by Dell Technologies or its subsidiaries.
Compliance requirements of current or future environmental and safety laws, or other regulatory laws, may increase costs, expose Dell Technologies to potential liability and otherwise harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operations are subject to environmental and safety regulations in all areas in which Dell Technologies conducts business. Product design and procurement operations must comply with new and future requirements relating to climate change laws and regulations, materials composition, sourcing, energy efficiency and collection, recycling, treatment, transportation, and disposal of electronics products, including restrictions on mercury, lead, cadmium, lithium metal, lithium ion, and other substances. If Dell Technologies fails to comply with applicable rules and regulations regarding the transportation, source, use, and sale of such regulated substances, Dell Technologies could be subject to liability. The costs and timing of costs under environmental and safety laws are difficult to predict, but could have an adverse impact on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business.
In addition, Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries are subject to various anti-corruption laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, and are also subject to export controls, customs, and economic sanctions laws, and embargoes imposed by the U.S. government. Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other anti-corruption laws or export control, customs, or economic sanctions laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions and penalties, and Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries may be subject to other liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on their business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Dell Technologies also is subject to provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act intended to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of minerals originating from the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries. Dell Technologies will incurincurs costs to comply with the disclosure requirements of this law and may realize other costs relating to the sourcing and availability of minerals used in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products. Further, Dell Technologies may face reputational harm if Dell Technologies'its customers or other Dell Technologies stakeholders conclude that Dell Technologies is unable to sufficiently verify the origins of the minerals used in Dell Technologies'its products.


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Armed hostilities, terrorism, natural disasters, climate change, or public health issues could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business.
Armed hostilities, terrorism, natural disasters, climate change or public health issues, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, whether in the United States or abroad,in other countries, could cause damage or disruption to Dell Technologies or Dell Technologies'Technologies’ suppliers and customers, or could create political or economic instability, any of which could harm Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business. For example, the earthquake and tsunami in Japan and severe flooding in Thailand which occurred during fiscal year 2012 caused damage to infrastructure and factories that disrupted the supply chain for a variety of components used in Dell'sDell’s products. Any such future events could cause a decrease in demand for Dell Technologies'Technologies’ products, make it difficult or impossible to deliver products or for suppliers to deliver components, and could create delays and inefficiencies in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ supply chain.
The long-term effects of climate change on the technology industry and the global economy are unclear. Climate change could result in certain types of natural disasters occurring more frequently or with more intensity. Such events could affect Dell Technologies’ ability to provide its services and solutions to its customers and could result in reductions in sales, earnings, or productivity resulting from such potential impacts as production delays or limitations, adverse effects on distributors, supply chain disruptions, and reduced access to facilities.
Dell Technologies is highly dependent on the services of Michael S. Dell, its Chief Executive Officer, and its success depends on the ability to attract, retain, and motivate key employees.
Dell Technologies is highly dependent on the services of Michael S. Dell, its Chief Executive Officer and largest stockholder. If Dell Technologies loses the services of Mr. Dell, Dell Technologies may not be able to locate a suitable or qualified


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replacement, and Dell Technologies may incur additional expenses to recruit a replacement, which could severely disrupt Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and growth. Further, Dell Technologies relies on key personnel, including other members of its executive leadership team, to support its business and increasingly complex product and services offerings. Dell Technologies may not be able to attract, retain, and motivate the key professional, technical, marketing, and staff resources needed.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect its financial condition.
Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which will requirerequires significant interest and other debt service payments. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries had approximately $49.4$52.7 billion aggregate principal amount of short-term and long-term indebtedness. As of the same date, Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries also had an additional $2.7$6.0 billion available for borrowing under its senior secured revolving credit facility.
facilities.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ substantial level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including the following:


Dell Technologies must use a substantial portion of its cash flow from operations to pay interest and principal on its senior credit facilities, its senior secured notes and senior unsecured notes, (the "notes"), and its other indebtedness, which will reducereduces funds available to Dell Technologies for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, other general corporate purposes, and potential acquisitions;


Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate purposes may be impaired;


Dell Technologies is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates because Dell Technologies'Technologies’ senior credit facilities have variable rates of interest;


Dell Technologies' leverageTechnologies’ level of indebtedness may be greater than that of some of its competitors, which may put Dell Technologies at a competitive disadvantage and reduce Dell Technologies'Technologies’ flexibility in responding to current and changing industry and financial market conditions; and


Dell Technologies may be unable to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants in its senior credit facilities, theits senior notes, and other indebtedness that limit Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to incur additional debt, make investments and sell assets, which could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, would have an adverse effect on Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business and prospects and could force it into bankruptcy or liquidation.
Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in Dell Technologies'Technologies’ and its subsidiaries'subsidiaries’ credit facilities and the indentures that govern the senior notes. If new indebtedness is added to the debt levels of Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries, the related risks that Dell Technologies now faces could intensify. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to access additional funding under its revolving credit facility and ABS facilityfacilities will depend upon, among other factors, the absence of a default under eitherany such facility, including any default arising from a failure to comply with the related covenants. If Dell Technologies is unable to comply with its covenants under its revolving credit facility or ABS facility,facilities, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ liquidity may be adversely affected.



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From time to time, when it believes it is advantageous to do so, Dell Technologies may seek to reduce its leverage by repaying certain of its indebtedness before the maturity dates of such indebtedness. Dell Technologies may be unable to generate operating cash flows and other cash necessary to achieve a level of debt reduction that will significantly enhance the company’sits credit quality and reduce the risks associated with its substantial indebtedness.
As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, approximately $15.6$15.9 billion of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ debt iswas variable-rate debtindebtedness and a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $156$160 million in annual interest expense on such debt.indebtedness. Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to meet its expenses, to remain in compliance with its covenants under its debt instruments and to make future principal and interest payments in respect of its debtindebtedness depends on, among other factors, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operating performance, competitive developments, and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic, and other factors. Dell Technologies is not able to control many of these factors. Given current industry and economic conditions, Dell Technologies'Technologies’ cash flow may not be sufficient to allow Dell Technologies to pay principal and interest on its debt and meet its other obligations.
Dell Technologies continues to incur substantial costs related to and the integration of the EMC business with that of Dell.

Dell Technologies continues to incur substantial cost in connection with the integration of the EMC business with that of Dell. There is a large number of processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies, and systems that must be integrated, including purchasing, accounting and finance, sales, payroll, pricing, revenue management, marketing, and benefits. In addition, the businesses of Dell and EMC continue to maintain a presence in Texas and Massachusetts, respectively. The substantial majority of the integration costs are non-recurring expenses related to facilities and systems consolidation. Dell Technologies may incur additional costs to maintain employee morale and to retain key employees. These costs in total may exceed the savings Dell Technologies expects to achieve from the elimination of duplicative costs and the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the Dell and EMC businesses, particularly in the near term and in the event there are material unanticipated costs. Dell Technologies cannot identify the timing, nature, and amount of all such costs as of the date of this report. Any such costs, however, could affect Dell Technologies' results of operations and cash flows from operations in the period in which such charges are recorded.
Dell Technologies may not realize the anticipated synergies from the EMC merger transaction.
Although Dell Technologies expects to achieve synergies as a result of the EMC merger transaction, including with respect to VMware, it may not succeed in doing so. Dell Technologies' ability to realize the anticipated synergies will depend on the successful integration of EMC's business with that of Dell. Even if Dell Technologies successfully integrates the Dell and EMC businesses, the integration may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the anticipated synergies or the realization of these benefits within the expected periods. For example, the elimination of duplicative costs may not be possible or may take longer than anticipated, or benefits from the EMC merger transaction may be offset by costs incurred in integrating the Dell and EMC businesses.
Failure to integrate EMC's technology, solutions, products, and services with those of Dell in an effective manner could reduce Dell Technologies' profitability and delay or prevent realization of many of the potential benefits of the EMC merger transaction.
To obtain the benefits of the EMC merger transaction, Dell Technologies must integrate EMC's technology, solutions, products, and services with those of Dell in an effective manner. Dell Technologies may not be able to accomplish this integration quickly and efficiently. Dell Technologies may be required to spend additional time and money on operating compatibility that otherwise would be spent on developing and selling solutions, products and services. Dell Technologies' business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed if it does not integrate operations effectively or uses too many resources on integration efforts.
The time and effort required to be dedicated to the integration of Dell and EMC could divert the attention of Dell Technologies' management from other business concerns or otherwise harm Dell Technologies' business.
The integration process could result in the diversion of Dell Technologies management's attention from other business concerns, in the disruption or interruption of, or the loss of momentum in, Dell Technologies' business, or in inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, and policies. Any of these impacts could adversely affect Dell Technologies' ability to maintain relationships with its customers and employees or achieve the anticipated benefits of the EMC merger, or could reduce Dell Technologies' earnings or otherwise adversely affect its business and financial results.




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Dell Technologies’ current outstanding variable-rate indebtedness uses the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms may cause LIBOR to be eliminated entirely after 2021 or to perform differently than in the past. Reasonable alternatives to LIBOR may be created and implemented prior to the 2021 target date. Fallback provisions are being written into LIBOR-based contracts in an attempt to reduce the risk of sudden and unpredictable increases in the cost of outstanding variable-rate indebtedness. Dell Technologies, however, cannot predict the timing of these developments or their impact on its indebtedness or financial condition.
The financial performance of Dell Technologies is affected by the financial performance of VMware.VMware, Inc.
Because Dell Technologies consolidates the financial results of VMware, Inc., a publicly traded subsidiary, in its results of operations, itsoperations. As a result, Dell Technologies’ financial performance is affected by the financial performance of VMware. VMware'sVMware, Inc. VMware, Inc.’s financial performance may be affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

fluctuations in demand, adoption rates, sales cycles, (which have been increasing in length), and pricing levels for VMware's productsVMware, Inc.’s product and services;solutions offerings;

variations in customer choices among VMware, Inc.’s on-premises and subscription and software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) offerings, which can impact VMware, Inc.’s rates of total revenue and license revenue growth;

changes in customers'customers’ budgets for information technology purchases and in the timing of its purchasing decisions;
the timing of recognizing revenues in any given quarter, which can be affected by a number of factors, including product announcements, beta programs,
legal, administrative, and product promotions that can cause revenue recognition of certain ordersregulatory proceedings, claims, demands, and investigations relating to be deferred until future products to which customers are entitled become available;VMware Inc.’s business;

the timing of announcements or releases of new or upgraded products and servicessolutions by VMware, Inc. or by its competitors;

the timing and size of business realignment plans and restructuring charges;
VMware's
VMware, Inc.’s ability to maintain scalable internal systems for reporting, order processing, license fulfillment, product delivery, purchasing, billing, and general accounting, among other functions;
VMware's
VMware, Inc.’s ability to control costs, including its operating expenses;

credit risks of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s distributors, who account for a significant portion of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s product revenues and accounts receivable;receivable, and VMware, Inc.’s customers;
VMware's ability to process
the timing of when sales at the endorders are processed, which can cause fluctuations in VMware, Inc.’s backlog and impact VMware, Inc.’s sales and timing of the quarter;revenue recognition;

seasonal factors, such as the end of fiscal period budget expenditures by VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s customers and the timing of holiday and vacation periods;

renewal rates and the amounts of the renewals for enterprise agreements, as the original terms of such agreements expire;

the timing and amount of internally developed software development costs that may be capitalized;
unplanned events that could affect market perception of the quality or cost-effectiveness of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s products and solutions;

increased volatility in the provision for income taxes in periods where transfers of intellectual property between VMware, Inc.’s legal entities occur; and
VMware's

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VMware, Inc.’s ability to predict accurately the degree to which customers will elect to purchase its subscription-basedsubscription‑based offerings in place of licenses to its on-premiseson‑premises offerings.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Class C Common Stock
The price of Dell Technologies' pension plan assets are subjectTechnologies’ Class C Common Stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of an investment in the Class C Common Stock to marketdecline.
The trading prices of the securities of technology companies historically have experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of Dell Technologies’ Class C Common Stock may fluctuate substantially as a result of the following factors, among others:


Through the EMC merger transaction,announcements of new products, services or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions, or other events by Dell Technologies assumed a noncontributory defined pension plan, which was originally partor its competitors;

changes in how customers perceive the effectiveness of Dell Technologies’ products, services, or technologies;

actual or anticipated variations in Dell Technologies’ quarterly or annual results of operations;

changes in Dell Technologies’ financial guidance or estimates by securities analysts;

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of technology companies in general and of companies in the information technology industry in particular;

actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or securities analysts;

fluctuations in the trading volume of the EMC legacy acquisition of Data General. The plan's assets are invested in common stocks, bonds, and cash. The expected long-term rate of return onClass C Common Stock or the plan's assets was 6.5%. This rate represents the averagesize of the expected long-term rates of return weightedtrading market for the Class C Common Stock held by non-affiliates;

litigation involving Dell Technologies, its industry, or both, including disputes or other developments relating to Dell Technologies’ ability to obtain patent protection for its processes and technologies and to protect its other proprietary rights;

regulatory developments in the plan's assets as of February 3, 2017. AsUnited States and other jurisdictions in which Dell Technologies operates;

general economic and political factors, including market conditions permit,in Dell Technologies expects to continue to shiftTechnologies’ industry or the asset allocation to lowerindustries of its customers;

major catastrophic events;

sales of large blocks of the percentageClass C Common Stock; and

additions or departures of investments in equities and increasekey employees.
In addition, if the percentagemarket for stock of investments in long-duration fixed-income securities. The effect of such a change could result in a reductioncompanies in the long-term rate of return on plan assets and an increasetechnology industry or the stock market in future pension expense. As of February 3, 2017, the ten-year historical rate of return on plan assets was 5.98%, and the inception-to-date return on plan assets was 9.59%. Should Dell Technologies not achieve the expected rate of return on the plan's assets or if the plangeneral experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of the Class C Common Stock could decline in the fair value of its assets,for reasons unrelated to Dell Technologies may be required to contribute assets to the plan, which could materially adversely affect itsTechnologies’ business, results of operations, or financial condition. The market price of the Class C Common Stock also might decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in Dell Technologies’ industry, even if these events do not directly affect Dell Technologies.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation often has been brought against that company. If Dell Technologies’ stock price is volatile, Dell Technologies may become the target




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Risk Factors Relatingof securities litigation, which could cause it to Ownership ofincur substantial costs and divert its management’s attention and resources from Dell Technologies’ business.
If securities or industry analysts publish inaccurate or unfavorable research reports or cease to publish research reports about Dell Technologies and its business or prospects, the market price or trading volume of the Class C Common Stock could decline.
The MD stockholders,trading market for the MSD Partners stockholders,Class C Common Stock depends in part on the research and the SLP stockholdersreports that securities or industry analysts publish about Dell Technologies and its business or prospects. Dell Technologies does not have the ability to elect allany control over these analysts. If one or more of the directorsanalysts covering Dell Technologies downgrades the Class C Common Stock, expresses an adverse change of opinion regarding the Class C Common Stock or publishes inaccurate research about Dell Technologies, the market price of the Class C Common Stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of Dell Technologies and such stockholders' interests may differ fromor fail to publish reports on it on a regular basis, Dell Technologies could lose following in the interestsfinancial markets, which could cause the market price or trading volume of the holdersClass C Common Stock to decline.
Dell Technologies’ multi-class common stock structure with different voting rights may adversely affect the trading price of the Class VC Common Stock.
By reason of their ownership of substantially allEach share of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ Class A Common Stock Michael S.and each share of Dell and a separate property trust for the benefit of his wife (the "MD stockholders") and investment funds affiliated with MSD Partners, L.P. (the "MSD Partners stockholders") have the ability to elect all of the Group I Directors, who have an aggregate of 3 of the 13 total votes on the Dell Technologies board of directors, and all of the Group II Directors, who have an aggregate of 7 of the 13 total votes on the Dell Technologies board of directors. By reason of their ownership of all of theTechnologies’ Class B Common Stock has ten votes, while each share of Dell Technologies’ Class C Common Stock has one vote. Because of these disparate voting rights, Michael Dell and the Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust (the “MD stockholders”) and certain investment funds affiliated with Silver Lake Partners (the "SLP stockholders"“SLP stockholders”) collectively held common stock representing approximately 94.8% of the total voting power of Dell Technologies’ outstanding common stock as of January 31, 2020. The limited ability of holders of the Class C Common Stock to influence matters requiring stockholder approval may adversely affect the market price of the Class C Common Stock.
In addition, in 2017, FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones changed their eligibility criteria to exclude new companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to certain stock indices. FTSE Russell instituted a requirement that new and, beginning in September 2022, existing constituents of its indices have greater than 5% of their voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, as calculated by FTSE Russell, whereas S&P Dow Jones announced that companies with multiple share classes, such as Dell Technologies, will not be eligible for inclusion in the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Other major stock indices might adopt similar requirements in the future. FTSE Russell has published an indicative list of companies affected by its policy, including its analysis of the percentage of each company’s voting rights in the hands of public stockholders. FTSE Russell’s calculation, in accordance with its analysis, of Dell Technologies’ voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, was approximately 11.5%, as disclosed in this indicative list. FTSE Russell’s determination may change at any time. Under the current criteria, at a minimum, Dell Technologies’ multi-class capital structure makes it ineligible for inclusion in the S&P Dow Jones indices, including those making up the S&P composite 1500, and, as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and other investment vehicles that track these indices will not invest in the Class C Common Stock. It is unclear what effect, if any, exclusion from any indices will have on the valuations of the affected publicly-traded companies. It is possible that such policies may depress the valuations of public companies excluded from such indices compared to valuations of companies that are included.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, of a substantial amount of shares of the Class C Common Stock could depress the trading price of the Class C Common Stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of the Class C Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Class C Common Stock, which could make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares of Class C Common Stock at a time and price that they consider appropriate. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also could impair Dell Technologies’ ability to elect all ofsell equity securities in the Group III Directors, who have an aggregate of 3 of the 13 total votes on thefuture at a time and at a price Dell Technologies boarddeems appropriate, and Dell Technologies’ ability to use Class C Common Stock as consideration for acquisitions of directors. Michael S. Dell is the sole Group II Director and therefore is entitled to cast a majorityother businesses, investments, or other corporate purposes. As of the votes entitled to be cast by allJanuary 31, 2020, Dell Technologies directors and thereby approve any matter submitted to the Dell Technologies boardhad a total of directors other than any matter that also requires the separate approval of the Capital Stock Committee or the audit committee. Egon Durban and Simon Patterson are the sole Group III Directors. Dell Technologies' directors owe fiduciary duties to Dell Technologies as a whole and all of Dell Technologies' stockholders and not just to holders of a particular class of shares.
Dell Technologies is controlled by the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders, whose interests may differ from the interests of the holdersapproximately 256 million shares of Class VC Common Stock.Stock outstanding.
By reason

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As of January 31, 2020, the 383,724,977 outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock possessing a majority of the aggregate votes entitled to be castheld by holders of Dell Technologies' Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock, and Class V Common Stock, voting together as a single class, the MD stockholders and the MSD Partners stockholders have the ability to approve any matter submitted to the vote of all of the101,685,217 outstanding shares of Dell Technologies common stock voting together as a single class.
Through their control of Dell Technologies, subject to certain special voting rights of the Class VB Common Stock related to actions that affect the Class V Common Stock and certain consent rights ofheld by the SLP stockholders the MD stockholders and the MSD Partners stockholders are able to control actions to be taken by Dell Technologies, including the electionwere convertible into shares of directors of Dell Technologies' subsidiaries (including VMware and its subsidiaries), amendments to Dell Technologies' organizational documents and the approval of significant corporate transactions, including mergers, sales of substantially all of Dell Technologies' assets, distributions of Dell Technologies' assets, the incurrence of indebtedness, andClass C Common Stock at any incurrence of lienstime on Dell Technologies' assets.
The Dell Technologies board of directors has formed an executive committee of the board consisting entirely of directors designated bya one-to-one basis. Although the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders and has delegated a substantial portion of the power and authority of the Dell Technologies board of directors to the executive committee.
The Dell Technologies board of directors has formed an executive committee of the board consisting entirely of Group II Directors and Group III Directors (none of whom are independent directors), and has delegated a substantial portion of the power and authority of the Dell Technologies board of directors to the executive committee. Among other matters, the executive committee has been delegated the board's power and authority,generally were subject to specified limits, to review and approve, with respect to Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries, acquisitions and dispositions, the annual budget and business plan, the incurrenceagreements that restrict their sale or other transfer of indebtedness, entry into material commercial agreements, joint ventures and strategic alliances, and the commencement and settlement of material litigation. In addition, the executive committee acts as the compensation committee of Dell Technologies' board of directors. The interests of the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders may differ materially from the interests of the holders of Class V Common Stock and Dell Technologies' other stakeholders.


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The MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders will be able to continue to strongly influence or effectively control decisions made by the Dell Technologies board of directors even if they own less than 50% of Dell Technologies' combined voting power.

So long as the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders continue to own a significant amount of Dell Technologies' combined voting power, even if such amount is less than 50%, they will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control decisions made by the Dell Technologies board of directors. For example, before an initial public offering of DHI Group Common Stock, so long as the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders each continue to beneficially own an aggregate number of shares of DHI Group Common Stock equal to 9,818,182 or more shares of DHI Group Common Stock, as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, reverse stock split, or similar event, they will be jointly entitled to nominate for election as directors up to three Group I Directors, the MD stockholders will be entitled to nominate for election as directors up to three Group II Directors and the SLP stockholders will be entitled to nominate for election as directors up to three Group III Directors. Following an initial public offering of DHI Group Common Stock, so long as each of the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders beneficially own at least 5% of all outstanding shares of Dell Technologies stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, each of the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders will be entitled to nominate at least one individual for election to the board, with each of the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders having the right to nominate a number of directors equal to the percentage of the total voting power for the regular election of directors of Dell Technologies beneficially owned by the MD stockholders or by the SLP stockholders, as the case may be, multiplied by the number of directors then on the Dell Technologies board.
The MD Stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders and their respective affiliates may have interests that conflict with your interests or those of Dell Technologies.
In the ordinary course of their business activities, the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders and their respective affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with interests of other stockholders or those of the company. The Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation provides that none of the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders, any of their respective affiliates or any director who is not employed by Dell Technologies (including any non-employee director who serves as one of Dell Technologies' officers in both his director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which Dell Technologies operates. The MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to Dell Technologies' business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to Dell Technologies. In addition, such stockholders may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures, and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance the value of their investment in Dell Technologies, even though such transactions might involve risks to other stockholders.
Dell Technologies is a "controlled company" within the meaning of NYSE rules and, as a result, qualifies for, and relies on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements, as a result of which holders of Class V Common Stock do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
As of February 3, 2017, for any matter submitted to a vote of the holders of Dell Technologies common stock voting together as a single class, the number of votes to which:
holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled represent approximately 72% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled;
holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled represent approximately 24% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled;
holdersuntil June 27, 2021, thereafter such shares, upon any conversion into shares of Class C Common Stock, are entitled represent less than 1%eligible for resale in the public market pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, subject to volume, manner of the total numbersale, and other limitations under Rule 144.
In addition, as of votes to which allJanuary 31, 2020, Dell Technologies had entered into a registration rights agreement with holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled; and
holders383,725,930 outstanding shares of Class VA Common Stock (which are entitled represent approximately 4%convertible into shares of the total number of votes to which allClass C Common Stock), holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled.

Accordingly, the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders control a majority of the combined voting power of all classes of Dell Technologies stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.



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Dell Technologies is a "controlled company" within the meaning of NYSE rules. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors is held by an individual, group, or another company is a "controlled company" and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that, within one year of the date of the listing of the Class V Common Stock:

Dell Technologies have a board that is composed of a majority of "independent directors," as defined under the rules of the NYSE;

Dell Technologies have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and

Dell Technologies have a corporate governance and nominating committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.

Dell Technologies is utilizing these exemptions. As a result, a majority of the directors on the Dell Technologies board of directors are not independent and none of the committees of the Dell Technologies board of directors consists entirely of independent directors, other than the audit committee and the Capital Stock Committee. Accordingly, holders of Class V Common Stock do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements101,685,217 outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock (which are convertible into shares of Class C Common Stock), and holders of 15,605,712 outstanding shares of Class C Common Stock, pursuant to which Dell Technologies has granted such holders and their permitted transferees shelf, demand and/or piggyback registration rights with respect to such shares. Registration of those shares under the NYSE.Securities Act would permit such holders to sell the shares into the public market.

Further, as of January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies had 32,885,130 shares of Class C Common Stock that may be issued upon the exercise, vesting, or settlement of outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, or deferred stock units under Dell Technologies’ stock incentive plans, all of which would have been, upon issuance, eligible for sale in the public market, subject where applicable to expiration or waiver of contractual transfer restrictions, and an additional 54,501,375 shares of Class C Common Stock that have been authorized and reserved for issuance pursuant to potential future awards under the stock incentive plans. Dell Technologies also may issue additional stock options in the future that may be exercised for additional shares of Class C Common Stock and additional restricted stock units or deferred stock units that may vest. Dell Technologies expects that all shares of Class C Common Stock issuable with respect to such awards will be registered under one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act and available for sale in the open market.
Dell Technologies’ issuance of additional Class C Common Stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, its stock incentive plans, or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
The Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation designates a state court of the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by Dell Technologies' stockholders, which could limit the ability of the holders of Class V Common Stock to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with Dell Technologies or with directors, officers, or the controlling stockholders of Dell Technologies.

Under the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation, unless Dell Technologies consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Dell Technologies, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or stockholder ofauthorizes Dell Technologies to Dell Technologies or Dell Technologies' stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against Dell Technologies or any director or officer or stockholderissue up to 7,900,000,000 shares of Dell Technologies arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or Dell Technologies' certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or (4) any action asserting a claim against Dell Technologies or any director or officer or stockholder of Dell Technologies governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware). These provisions of the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation could limit the ability of the holders of the Class VC Common Stock and up to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined by Dell Technologies orTechnologies’ board of directors. Subject to compliance with directors, officers or the controlling stockholders of Dell Technologies, which may discourage such lawsuits against Dell Technologies and its directors, officers, and stockholders. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of its constituent documents inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings,applicable law, Dell Technologies may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risk Factors Relating to the Class V Common Stock
Holders of Class V Common Stock are common stockholders of Dell Technologies and, therefore, are subject to risks associated with an investment in Dell Technologies as a whole.
Even though Dell Technologies attributes, for financial reporting purposes, all of Dell Technologies' consolidated assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses to either the DHI Group or the Class V Group in order to determine the DHI Group and Class V Common Stock earnings and earnings per share and to prepare the unaudited financial information for the Class V Group, Dell Technologies retains legal title to all of Dell Technologies' assets, and Dell Technologies' tracking stock capitalization does not limit Dell Technologies' legal responsibility, or that of Dell Technologies' subsidiaries, for their debts and liabilities. The DHI Group generally refers to the direct and indirect interest of Dell Technologies in all of Dell Technologies' business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable to the Class V Group, as well as its retained interest in the Class V Group equal to approximately 38% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of February 3, 2017. The Class V Common Stock is intended to track the economic performance of approximately 62% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of February 3, 2017. As of February 3, 2017, the Class V Group consisted of approximately 338 millionissue shares of Class A common stock of VMware held by Dell Technologies. Although Dell Technologies' tracking stock policy provides that reallocations of assets between groups may result in the creation of inter-


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group debt or an increase or decrease of the DHI Group's inter-group interest in the Class V Group or in an offsetting reallocation of cash or other assets, Dell Technologies' creditors are not limited by Dell Technologies' tracking stock capitalization from proceeding against any assets against which they could have proceeded if Dell Technologies did not have a tracking stock capitalization. The DHI Group and the Class V Group are not separate legal entities and cannot own assets, and, as a result, holders of Class VC Common Stock do not have special legal rights related to specific assets attributed to theor securities convertible into Class V Group and, in any liquidation, holders of DHI Group Common Stock and holders of Class V Common Stock will be entitled to their proportionate interests in assets of Dell Technologies after payment or provision for payment of the debts and liabilities of Dell Technologies and payment or provision for payment of any preferential amount due to the holders of any other class or series of stock based on their respective numbers of liquidation units.
The Dell Technologies board of directors may not reallocate assets and liabilities between the DHI Group and the Class V Group without the approval of the Capital Stock Committee, which currently consists solely of independent directors, but any such reallocation of assets and liabilities may make it difficult to assess the future prospects of either group based on its past performance.
The Dell Technologies board of directors may not allocate or reallocate assets and liabilities to one group or the other without the approval of the Capital Stock Committee, which must consist of a majority of independent directors and currently consists solely of independent directors. Any such allocation or reallocation may be made without the approval of any of Dell Technologies' stockholders in accordance with the Dell Technologies tracking stock policy and the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation. Any such reallocation made by the Dell Technologies board of directors, as well as the existence of the right in and of itself to effect a reallocation, may affect the ability of investors to assess the future prospects of either group, including its liquidity and capital resource needs, based on its past performance. Stockholders also may have difficulty evaluating the liquidity and capital resources of each group based on past performance, as the Dell Technologies board of directors may use one group's liquidity to fund the other group's liquidity and capital expenditure requirements through the use of inter-group loans or other inter-group arrangements.
Any allocation or reallocation of assets and liabilities to one group or the other that results in the Class V Common Stock ceasing to track the performance of the Class A common stock of VMware could result in the delisting of the Class VC Common Stock from the NYSE, as discussed below, which would materially adversely affect the liquidity and valuetime to time in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, Dell Technologies’ stock incentive plans, or otherwise. Dell Technologies may issue additional shares of the Class V Common Stock.
The listing standards of the NYSE include certain requirements to maintain the listing of an Equity Investment Tracking Stock, and if the Class VC Common Stock were delisted because of the failurefrom time to meet any of such requirements, the liquidity and value of the Class V Common Stock would be materially adversely affected.
The NYSE has listing standards fortime at a tracking stock, which the NYSE refersdiscount to as an "Equity Investment Tracking Stock," that tracks the performance of an investment by the issuer in the common equity of another company listed on the NYSE, such as VMware. The listing standards of the NYSE provide that the Class V Common Stock could be delisted from the NYSE if:
the Class A common stock of VMware ceases to be listed on the NYSE;
Dell Technologies ceases to own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of either the economic interest or the voting power of all of the outstanding classes of common equity of VMware; or
the Class V Common Stock ceases to track the performance of the Class A common stock of VMware.
If any of the foregoing conditions were no longer met at any time, the NYSE would determine whether the Class V Common Stock could meet any other applicable initial listing standard in place at that time. If the Class V Common Stock did not qualify for initial listing at that time under another applicable listing standard, the NYSE would commence delisting proceedings. Further, if trading in the Class A common stock of VMware were suspended or delisting proceedings were commenced with respect to such Class A common stock, trading in the Class V Common Stock would be suspended or delisting proceedings would be commenced with respect to the Class V Common Stock at the same time. Any delisting of the Class V Common Stock would materially adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Class V Common Stock.


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The market price of Class V Common Stock may not reflect the performance of the Class V Group as Dell Technologies intends.
Dell Technologies cannot make any assurance that the market price of the Class VC Common Stock will, in fact, reflectat the performancetime of Dell Technologies' interest in VMware and any other businesses, assets, and liabilities that may be attributed to the Class V Group at any time. Holdersissuance. Any issuance of Class VC Common Stock will be commoncould result in substantial dilution to Dell Technologies’ existing stockholders of Dell Technologies as a whole and as such, will be subject to all risks associated with an investment in Dell Technologies and all of Dell Technologies' businesses, assets, and liabilities, includingcause the approximately $49.4 billion of short-term and long-term indebtedness that Dell Technologies has outstanding as of February 3, 2017. In addition, investors may discount the value of the Class V Common Stock because it is part of a common enterprise rather than of a stand-alone entity. As a result of the characteristics of tracking stocks, tracking stocks often trade at a discount to the estimated value of the assets or businesses they are intended to track.
The market price of Class V Common Stock may be volatile, could fluctuate substantially, and could be affected by factors that do not affect traditional common stock.
Market reaction to the establishment of tracking stocks is unpredictable. The market price of Class V Common Stock may be materially affected by, among other factors:
actual or anticipated fluctuations in VMware's operating results or in the operating results of any other businesses attributable to the Class V Group from time to time;
potential acquisition activity by Dell Technologies or the companies in which Dell Technologies invests;
adverse changes in the credit rating or credit quality of Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries;
issuances of additional debt or equity securities to raise capital by Dell Technologies or the companies in which Dell Technologies invests and the manner in which that debt or the proceeds of an equity issuance are attributed to each of the groups;
changes in financial estimates by securities analysts regarding Class V Common Stock or the companies attributable to either of Dell Technologies' groups;
changes in market valuations of other companies engaged in similar lines of business;
the complex nature and the potential difficulties investors may have in understanding the terms of the Class V Common Stock, as well as concerns regarding the possible effect of certain of those terms on an investment in Dell Technologies' stock; and
general market conditions.
The market price of Class V Common Stock may fluctuate significantly as a result of these and other factors. The market price of the Class VC Common Stock may decline from time to time and you may not be able to sell your shares of Class V Common Stock at an attractive price or at all.decline.
Dell Technologies may not pay dividends equally or at all on the Class V Common Stock.
VMware does not currently pay dividends on its common stock, and any decisions regarding dividends on the VMware common stock would be a decision of VMware's board of directors. Dell Technologies does not presently intend to pay cash dividends on the Class VC Common Stock. If VMware were
Dell Technologies does not presently intend to pay a dividend on the VMware common stock owned by Dell Technologies that is attributable to the Class V Group, Dell Technologies could, but would not be required to, distribute some or all of that amount to the holders of Class V Common Stock. Dell Technologies will have the right to paycash dividends on the shares of common stock of each group in equal or unequal amounts, and Dell TechnologiesClass C Common Stock. Accordingly, investors may pay dividendshave to rely on the shares of common stock of one group and not pay dividends on shares of common stocksales of the other group. In addition,Class C Common Stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any dividends or distributionsgains on or repurchases of, shares relating to either group will reduce Dell Technologies' assets legally available to be paid as dividends ontheir investment in the shares relating to the other group.Class C Common Stock.
Dell Technologies'Technologies’ operations are conducted almost entirely through its subsidiaries and its ability to generate cash to make future dividend payments, if any, is highly dependent on the cash flows and the receipt of funds from its subsidiaries via


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dividends or intercompany loans. To the extent that Dell Technologies determines in the future to pay dividends on the DHI Group Common Stock or the Class VC Common Stock, the terms of certainexisting and future agreements governing Dell Technologies'Technologies’ or its subsidiaries'subsidiaries’ indebtedness, including the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility and anyexisting credit facilities of, VMware,and existing senior notes issued by, subsidiaries of Dell Technologies, may significantly restrict the ability of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ subsidiaries to pay dividends or otherwise make distributions or transfer assets to Dell Technologies, as well as the ability of Dell Technologies to pay dividends to holders of its common stock. In addition, Delaware law imposes requirements that may restrict Dell Technologies'Technologies’ ability to pay dividends to holders of its common stock.
Dell Technologies' tracking stock capital structure could create conflicts of interest, and the Dell Technologies board of directors might make decisions that could adversely affect only some holders of Dell Technologies' common stock.
Dell Technologies' tracking stock capital structure could give rise to circumstances in which the interests of holders of stock of one group might diverge or appear to diverge from the interests of holders of stock of the other group. In addition, given the nature of their businesses, there may be inherent conflicts of interests between the DHI Group and the Class V Group. Dell Technologies' groups are not separate entities and thus holders of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock will not have the right to elect separate boards of directors. As a result, Dell Technologies' officers and directors owe fiduciary duties to Dell Technologies as a whole and all of Dell Technologies' stockholders as opposed to only holders of a particular group. Decisions deemed to be in the best interest of Dell Technologies and all of Dell Technologies' stockholders may not be in the best interest of a particular group when considered independently, such as:
decisions as to the terms of any business relationships that may be created between the DHI Group and the Class V Group or the terms of any reallocations of assets between the groups;
decisions as to the allocation of corporate opportunities between the groups, especially where the opportunities might meet the strategic business objectives of both groups;
decisions as to operational and financial matters that could be considered detrimental to one group but beneficial to the other;
decisions as to the conversion of Class V Common Stock into Class C Common Stock, which the Dell Technologies board of directors may make in its sole discretion, so long as the Class C Common Stock is then traded on a U.S. securities exchange;
decisions regarding the increase or decrease of the inter-group interest that the DHI Group may own in the Class V Group from time to time;
decisions as to the internal or external financing attributable to businesses or assets attributed to either of Dell Technologies' groups;
decisions as to the dispositions of assets of either of Dell Technologies' groups; and
decisions as to the payment of dividends on the stock relating to either of Dell Technologies' groups.
Ownership of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock by Dell Technologies' directors or officers may create or appear to create conflicts of interest.
With the exception of the three independent directors who serve as Group I Directors (whose equity compensation by Dell Technologies must be approximately half in the form of Class V Common Stock or options to acquire Class V Common Stock based on value at the time of grant), it is expected that all or substantially all of the direct and indirect equity ownership in Dell Technologies of Dell Technologies' directors and officers will consist of DHI Group Common Stock. Such ownership of DHI Group Common Stock by Dell Technologies' directors and officers could create or appear to create conflicts of interest when they are faced with decisions that could have different implications for the holders of DHI Group Common Stock or Class V Common Stock.




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The Dell Technologies board of directors may not change the Dell Technologies tracking stock policy without the approval of the Capital Stock Committee, which currently consists solely of independent directors, but any such change may be made to the detriment of either group without stockholder approval.
The Dell Technologies board of directors has adopted the Dell Technologies tracking stock policy described in this report to serve as guidelines in making decisions regarding the relationships between the DHI Group and the Class V Group with respect to matters such as tax liabilities and benefits, inter-group debt, inter-group interests, allocation and reallocation of assets, financing alternatives, corporate opportunities, payment of dividends, and similar items. These policies also set forth the initial allocationProvisions of Dell Technologies' businesses, assets,Technologies’ organizational documents and liabilities between them. These policies are not included in the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation. The Dell Technologies board of directors may not change or make exceptions to these policies without the approval of the Capital Stock Committee, which must consist of a majority of independent directors and which currently consists solely of independent directors. Because these policies relate to matters concerning the day-to-day management of Dell Technologies as opposed to significant corporate actions, such as a merger involving Dell Technologies or a sale of substantially all of Dell Technologies' assets, no stockholder approval is required with respect to their adoption or amendment. A decision to change, or make exceptions to, these policies or adopt additional policies could disadvantage one group while advantaging the other.
Holders of shares of stock relating to a particular group may not have any remedies if any action by Dell Technologies' directors or officers has an adverse effect on only that stock.
Principles of Delaware law and the provisions of the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation may protect decisions of the Dell Technologies board of directors that have a disparate impact upon holders of shares of stock relating to a particular group. Under Delaware law, the Dell Technologies board of directors has a duty to act with due care and in the best interests of all stockholders. Principles of Delaware law established in cases involving differing treatment of multiple classes or series of stock provide that, subject to any applicable provisions of the corporation's certificate of incorporation, a board of directors owes an equal duty to all stockholders and does not have separate or additional duties to holders of any class or series of stock. Judicial opinions in Delaware involving tracking stocks have established that decisions by directors or officers involving differing treatment of holders of tracking stocks may be judged under the business judgment rule. In some circumstances, Dell Technologies' directors or officers may be required to make a decision that is viewed as adverse to the holders of shares relating to a particular group. Under the principles of Delaware law and the business judgment rule referred to above, Dell Technologies stockholders may not be able to successfully challenge decisions they believe have a disparate impact upon the stockholders of one of Dell Technologies' groups if a majority of the Dell Technologies board of directors is disinterested and independent with respect to the action taken, is adequately informed with respect to the action taken and acts in good faith and in the honest belief that the Dell Technologies board of directors is acting in the best interest of Dell Technologies and all of Dell Technologies' stockholders.
Dell Technologies may dispose of assets of the Class V Group without the approval of holders of the Class V Common Stock.
Delaware law requires stockholder approval only for a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of Dell Technologies taken as a whole, and the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation does not require a separate class vote in the case of a sale of a significant amount of assets attributed to any of Dell Technologies' groups. As long as the assets attributed to the Class V Group proposed to be disposed of represent less than substantially all of Dell Technologies' assets, Dell Technologies may approve sales and other dispositions of any amount of the assets attributed to such group without any stockholder approval.

If Dell Technologies disposes of all or substantially all of the assets attributed to the Class V Group (which means, for this purpose, assets representing 80% of the fair value of the total assets of the Class V Group as of such date, as determined by the Dell Technologies board of directors), Dell Technologies would be required, if the disposition is not an excluded transaction under the terms of the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation, to choose one or more of the following three alternatives:

declare and pay a dividend on the Class V Common Stock;

redeem shares of the Class V Common Stock in exchange for cash, securities or other property; or

so long as the Class C Common Stock is then traded on a U.S. securities exchange, convert all or a portion of the outstanding Class V Common Stock into Class C Common Stock.


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In this type of a transaction, holders of the Class V Common Stock may receive less value than the value that a third-party buyer might pay for all or substantially all of the assets of the Class V Group.
The Dell Technologies board of directors will decide, in its sole discretion, how to proceed and is not required to select the option that would result in the highest value to holders of any group of Dell Technologies' common stock.
Holders of Class V Common Stock may receive less consideration upon a sale of the assets attributed to the Class V Group than if such group were a separate company.
If the Class V Group were a separate, independent company and its shares were acquired by another person, certain costs of that sale, including corporate level taxes, might not be payable in connection with that acquisition. As a result, stockholders of a separate, independent company with the same assets might receive a greater amount of proceeds than the holders of Class V Common Stock would receive upon a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Class V Group. In addition, in the event of such a sale, the per share consideration to be paid to holders of Class V Common Stock may not be equal to or more than the per share value before or after the announcement of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Class V Group. Further, there is no requirement that the consideration paid be tax-free to the holders of Class V Common Stock. Accordingly, if Dell Technologies sells all or substantially all of the assets attributed to the Class V Group, the value of Dell Technologies' stockholders' investment in Dell Technologies could decrease.
In the event of a liquidation of Dell Technologies, holders of Class V Common Stock will not have a priority with respect to the assets attributed to the Class V Group remaining for distribution to stockholders.
Under the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation, upon Dell Technologies' liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up, holders of the Class V Common Stock will be entitled to receive, in respect of their shares of such stock, their proportionate interest in all of Dell Technologies' assets, if any, remaining for distribution to holders of common stock in proportion to their respective number of "liquidation units" per share. Relative liquidation units will be based on the volume-weighted average price of the Class V Common Stock over the period of ten trading days commencing shortly after the initial filing of the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation and the determination of the Dell Technologies board of directors of the value of the DHI Group Common Stock at such time. Hence, the assets to be distributed to a holder of Class V Common Stock upon a liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of Dell Technologies will not be linked to the relative value of the assets attributed to the Class V Group at that time or to changes in the relative value of the DHI Group Common Stock and the Class V Common Stock over time.
The Dell Technologies board of directors in its sole discretion may elect to convert the Class V Common Stock into Class C Common Stock, thereby changing the nature of the investment.
The Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation permits the Dell Technologies board of directors, in its sole discretion, to convert all of the outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock into Class C Common Stock at such time as the Class C Common Stock is already traded on a U.S. securities exchange and the shares are converted at a ratio that provides the stockholders of the Class V Common Stock with the applicable conversion premium to which they are entitled. A conversion would preclude the holders of Class V Common Stock from retaining their investment in a security that is intended to reflect separately the performance of the Class V Group. Dell Technologies cannot predict the impact on the market value of Dell Technologies' stock of (1) the Dell Technologies board of directors' ability to effect any such conversion or (2) the exercise of this conversion right by Dell Technologies.
If Dell Technologies exercises its option to convert all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock into shares of Class C Common Stock, such conversion would effectively eliminate Dell Technologies' tracking stock structure because, upon conversion, the holders of Class V Common Stock would hold one of four series of DHI Group Common Stock, none of which, after such conversion, would be intended to track the performance of any distinct tracking groups. Upon any such conversion, for example, holders would no longer have special class voting rights or be subject to certain redemption or conversion provisions related to the Class V Group. In addition, there would no longer be a Capital Stock Committee or a tracking stock policy.
Holders of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock generally vote together and holders of Class V Common Stock have limited separate voting rights.
Holders of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock vote together as a single class, except in certain limited circumstances prescribed by the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation and under Delaware law. Each share of Class V


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Common Stock and Class C Common Stock has one vote per share. Each share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock has ten votes per share. Holders of Class D Common Stock do not vote on any matters except to the extent required under Delaware law. In addition, the Group II Directors are elected solely by the holders of Class A Common Stock voting as a separate class and the Group III Directors are elected solely by the holders of Class B Common Stock voting as a separate class.
As of February 3, 2017, the number of votes to which holders of Class V Common Stock are entitled represent approximately 4% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled, the number of votes to which holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled represent approximately 72% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled, the number of votes to which holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled represent approximately 24% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled, and the number of votes to which holders of Class C Common Stock are entitled represent less than 1% of the total number of votes to which all holders of Dell Technologies common stock are entitled. As a result, when holders of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock vote together as a single class, holders of DHI Group Common Stock will be in a position to control the outcome of the vote even if the matter involves a conflict of interest among Dell Technologies' stockholders or has a greater impact on one group than the other.
Certain restrictions provided in the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation will lapse on the two-year anniversary of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, which would allow Dell Technologies to cause VMware Class A common stock to cease to be publicly listed and would prevent investors who may view the market price of VMware Class A common stock as relevant to a valuation of the VMware business from accessing sale information.
Certain restrictions in the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation prohibit Dell Technologies from acquiring shares of VMware common stock for two years in circumstances in which the VMware Class A common stock would cease to be listed on a U.S. national securities exchange, subject to certain exceptions related to tax consolidation. While investors may view the market price of VMware Class A common stock as relevant to a valuation of the VMware business, the Class V Common Stock and the VMware Class A common stock have different characteristics, which Dell Technologies believes may affect their respective market prices in distinct ways. If Dell Technologies determined to take such actions following the expiration of such restrictions in the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation and the VMware Class A common stock ceased to trade publicly, such action could cause the Class V Common Stock to be delisted from the NYSE, as discussed above, which would materially adversely affect the liquidity and value of the Class V Common Stock.
Holders of Class V Common Stock may not benefit from any potential premiums paid to the public holders of VMware Class A common stock.
Dell Technologies or other persons may choose to purchase shares of VMware Class A common stock at a premium, and holders of Class V Common Stock would not be entitled to a similar premium for their shares of Class V Common Stock in such circumstances.
Dell Technologies' capital structure, as well as the fact that the Class V Group is not an independent company, may inhibit or prevent acquisition bids for the Class V Group and may make it difficult for a third party to acquire Dell Technologies even if doing so may be beneficial to Dell Technologies'Technologies’ stockholders.
If the Class V Group were a separate, independent company, any person interested in acquiring the Class V Group without negotiating with management could seek control of the group by obtaining control of its outstanding voting stock by means of a tender offer or a proxy contest. Although Dell Technologies intends the Class V Common Stock to reflect the separate economic performance of the Class V Group, the group is not a separate entity and a person interested in acquiring only the Class V Group without negotiation with Dell Technologies' management could obtain control of the group only by obtaining control of a majority in voting power of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Dell Technologies. Even if the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders approved such an acquisition, the existence of shares of common stock relating to different groups could present complexities and in certain circumstances pose obstacles, financial and otherwise, to an acquiring person that are not present in companies that do not have capital structures similar to the Dell Technologies capital structure.
Certain provisions of the Dell TechnologiesTechnologies’ certificate of incorporation and the Dell Technologies bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of Dell Technologies that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:




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limitinglimitations on who may call special meetings of stockholders;


establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to the Dell Technologies board of directors;directors and for proposals for other businesses;


the existenceauthorization of authorized and unissued stock, including "blank check"1,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by the Dell Technologies board of directors without approval of the holders of Dell Technologiesthe common stock to persons friendly to Dell Technologies' then-currentTechnologies’ management, thereby protecting the continuity of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of Dell Technologies.Technologies;


the requirement that any stockholder written consent be signed by holders of a majority of Dell Technologies’ common stock beneficially owned by the MD stockholders and holders of a majority of Dell Technologies’ common stock beneficially owned by the SLP stockholders; and

the requirement that (1) the holders of the Class A Common Stock, voting separately as a series, (2) the holders of the Class B Common Stock, voting separately as a series, and (3) the MD stockholders and SLP stockholders, in each case, so long as they own any common stock, approve amendments to certain provisions of Dell Technologies’ certificate of incorporation, including provisions related to authorized capital stock and the size and structure of the board of directors.
Further, as a Delaware corporation, Dell Technologies is subject to provisions of Delaware law that may deter a takeover attempt that its stockholders may find beneficial. These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions under Delaware law could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of Dell Technologies, including actions that its stockholders may deem advantageous, or negatively affect the trading price of its common stock, including the Class VC Common Stock. These provisions also could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for Dell Technologies'Technologies’ stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause Dell Technologies to take other corporate actions that may be desiredsupported by its stockholders.
Dell Technologies is controlled by the MD stockholders, who, together with the SLP stockholders, collectively own a substantial majority of Dell Technologies’ common stock.
By reason of their ownership of Class A Common Stock possessing a majority of the aggregate votes entitled to be cast by holders of all outstanding shares of Dell Technologies’ common stock voting together as a single class, the MD stockholders have the ability to approve any matter submitted to the vote of all of the outstanding shares of the common stock voting together as a single class.
Through their control of Dell Technologies, the MD stockholders are able to control actions to be taken by Dell Technologies, including actions related to the election of directors of Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries (including VMware, Inc. and its subsidiaries), amendments to Dell Technologies’ organizational documents, and the approval of significant corporate transactions, including mergers and sales of substantially all of Dell Technologies’ assets. For example, although the Dell Technologies bylaws provide that the number of directors will be fixed by resolution of the board of directors, the stockholders of Dell Technologies may adopt, amend, or repeal the bylaws in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law. Through their control of Dell Technologies, the MD stockholders therefore may amend the bylaws to change the number of directors (within the limits of the certificate of incorporation), notwithstanding any determination by the board of directors regarding board size.
Further, as of January 31, 2020, the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders collectively beneficially owned 65.4% of Dell Technologies’ outstanding common stock. This concentration of ownership together with the disparate voting rights of Dell Technologies’ common stock may delay or deter possible changes in control of Dell Technologies, which may reduce the value


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of an investment in the Class C Common Stock. So long as the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders continue to own common stock representing a significant amount of the combined voting power of Dell Technologies’ outstanding common stock, even if such amount is, individually or in the aggregate, less than 50%, such stockholders will continue to be able to strongly influence Dell Technologies’ decisions.
In addition, the MD stockholders and the SLP stockholders, respectively, have the right to nominate a number of individuals for election as Group I Directors which is equal to the percentage of the total voting power for the regular election of directors beneficially owned by the MD stockholders or by the SLP stockholders multiplied by the number of directors then on the board of directors who are not members of the audit committee, rounded up to the nearest whole number. In addition, so long as the MD stockholders or the SLP stockholders each beneficially own at least 5% of all outstanding shares of the common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, each of the MD stockholders or the SLP stockholders, as applicable, are entitled to nominate at least one individual for election as a Group I Director.
The MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders and their respective affiliates may have interests that conflict with the interests of other stockholders or those of Dell Technologies.
In the ordinary course of their business activities, the MD stockholders, certain investment funds affiliated with an investment firm formed by principals of the firm that manages the capital of Michael Dell and his family (the “MSD Partners stockholders”), and the SLP stockholders and their respective affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with interests of other stockholders or those of Dell Technologies. The Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation provides that none of the MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, the SLP stockholders, nor any of their respective affiliates or any director or officer of the Company who is also a director, officer, employee, managing director, or other affiliate (other than Michael Dell) have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which Dell Technologies operates. The MD stockholders, the MSD Partners stockholders, and the SLP stockholders also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to Dell Technologies’ business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to Dell Technologies. In addition, such stockholders may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures, and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance the value of their investment in Dell Technologies, even though such transactions might involve risks to other stockholders.
Because Dell Technologies is a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE rules and, as a result, qualifies for, and relies on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements, holders of Class C Common Stock do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
Dell Technologies is a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE rules because the MD stockholders hold common stock representing more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors. As a controlled company, Dell Technologies may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements under NYSE rules, including the requirements that:

Dell Technologies have a board that is composed of a majority of “independent directors,” as defined under NYSE rules;

Dell Technologies have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and

Dell Technologies have a nominating/corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.
Although Dell Technologies currently maintains a board composed of a majority of independent directors, it currently utilizes the exemptions relating to committee composition and expects to continue to utilize those exemptions. As a result, none of the committees of the board of directors, other than the audit committee, consists entirely of independent directors. Further, Dell Technologies may decide in the future to change its board membership so that the board is authorizednot composed of a majority of independent directors. Accordingly, holders of Class C Common Stock do not have the same protections afforded to issue and designate sharesstockholders of preferred stock in additional series without stockholder approval.companies that are subject to all of the NYSE’s corporate governance requirements.


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The Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation authorizesdesignates a state court of the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by Dell Technologies’ stockholders, which could limit the ability of the holders of Class C Common Stock to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with Dell Technologies or with directors, officers, or the controlling stockholders of Dell Technologies.
Under the Dell Technologies boardcertificate of directors, withoutincorporation, unless Dell Technologies consents in writing to the approvalselection of its stockholders,an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum will be, to issue 1 million sharesthe fullest extent permitted by law, a state court located within the State of preferred stock, subjectDelaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) for:

any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Dell Technologies;

any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or stockholder of Dell Technologies to limitations prescribedDell Technologies or Dell Technologies’ stockholders;

any action asserting a claim against Dell Technologies or any director or officer or stockholder of Dell Technologies arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Dell Technologies; or

any action asserting a claim against Dell Technologies or any director or officer or stockholder of Dell Technologies governed by applicable law, rules, and regulations, and the internal affairs doctrine.
These provisions of the Dell Technologies certificate of incorporation as shares of preferred stock in series, to establish from time to timecould limit the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rightsability of the sharesholders of eachthe Class C Common Stock to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with Dell Technologies or with directors, officers, or the controlling stockholders of Dell Technologies, which may discourage such serieslawsuits against Dell Technologies and its directors, officers, and stockholders. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of its organizational documents inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, Dell Technologies may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The choice of forum provision is intended to apply to the fullest extent permitted by law to the above-specified types of actions and proceedings, including, to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws, to lawsuits asserting both the above-specified claims and claims under the federal securities laws. Application of the choice of forum provision may be limited in some instances by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the choice of forum provision will not apply to actions arising under the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, subject to a limited exception for certain “covered class actions.” There is uncertainty, particularly in light of current litigation, as to whether a court would enforce the choice of forum provision with respect to claims under the Securities Act. Dell Technologies’ stockholders will not be deemed, by operation of the choice of forum provision, to have waived claims arising under the federal securities laws and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof. The powers, preferencesrules and rights of these additional series of preferred stockregulations thereunder.
Dell Technologies is obligated to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting and any failure to do so may be senior to or on parity withadversely affect investor confidence in Dell Technologies' classes of common stock, including the Class V Common Stock, which may reduceTechnologies and, as a result, the value of the Class VC Common Stock.
Future sales,Dell Technologies is required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to furnish an annual report by management on, among other matters, its assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. The assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by Dell Technologies’ management in its report. Dell Technologies also is required to disclose significant changes made in its internal control over financial reporting. In addition, Dell Technologies’ independent registered public accounting firm is required to express an opinion each year as to the effectiveness of Dell Technologies’ internal control over financial reporting.


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During the evaluation and testing process of its internal controls, if Dell Technologies identifies one or more material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, Dell Technologies will be unable to assert that its internal control over financial reporting is effective. Dell Technologies may experience material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting in the perceptionfuture. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit Dell Technologies’ ability to issue accurate reports of its financial condition or results of operations. If Dell Technologies is unable to conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if Dell Technologies’ independent registered public accounting firm determines that Dell Technologies has a material weakness or significant deficiencies in its internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of Dell Technologies’ financial reports, the market price of the Class C Common Stock could decline and Dell Technologies could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in Dell Technologies’ internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, also could restrict future sales,access to the capital markets by Dell Technologies or holdersits subsidiaries.


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The sale of substantial amounts of shares of the Class V Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of the Class V Common Stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for Dell Technologies to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate.


ITEM 1B — UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS


None.


ITEM 2 — PROPERTIES
Our principal executive offices and global headquarters are located at One Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas.


As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, as shown in the following table, we owned or leased a total of approximately 32.631.9 million square feet of office, manufacturing, and warehouse space worldwide, approximately 16.8 million square feet of which is located in the United States. Approximately 45% of this space was owned, and the remaining 55% was leased. These amounts include in these amounts are approximately 2.3 million square feet of space that was either vacant or sublet.worldwide:

 Owned Leased
 (in millions)
U.S. facilities10.1
 5.3
International facilities4.5
 12.1
Total (a)14.6
 17.3
____________________
(a)Includes 2.7 million square feet of subleased or vacant space.

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, our facilities consisted of business centers, which include facilities that contain operations for sales, technical support, administrative, and support functions, occupy approximately 16.6 million square feet of space, of which we owned approximately 30%. At the same date, ourfunctions; manufacturing operations occupied approximately 4.3 million square feet of manufacturing space, of which Dell Technologies owned approximately 95%. In addition, as of February 3, 2017, ouroperations; and research and development centers were housed in approximately 9.4 million square feetcenters. For additional information about our facilities, including the location of space, of which we owned approximately 47%.certain facilities, see “Item 1 — Business — Manufacturing and Materials.”


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Dell Technologies believes that its existing properties are suitable and adequate for its current needs and that it can readily meet its requirements for additional space at competitive rates by extending expiring leases or by finding alternative space.


Because of the interrelation of the products and services offered in each of our segments, we generally do not designate our properties to any segment. With limited exceptions, each property is used at least in part by all of our segments, and we retain the flexibility to make future use of each of the properties available to each of the segments. Of our properties as of January 31, 2020, approximately 4.46.2 million square feet of space that houseshouse executive and administrative offices, research and development, sales and marketing functions, and data centers arewere used solely by our VMware segment.


AsWe believe that our existing properties are suitable and adequate for our current needs and that we continue the integration of the EMC acquired businesses, we will seek to maximize the efficiency ofcan readily meet our operations and the utilization of our properties.requirements for additional space at competitive rates by extending expiring leases or by finding alternative space.


ITEM 3 — LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information required by this itemItem 3 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth under the caption "Legal Matters"“Legal Matters” in Note 1310 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Part“Part II — Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."


ITEM 4 — MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES


Not applicable.





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PART II


ITEM 5 — MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'SREGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES


Market for Class VC Common Stock


Our Class VC Common Stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the ticker symbol DVMT.“DELL.” The following table sets forth information regarding the high and low sales prices of shares of our Class V Common Stock for the period from September 7, 2016, the date on which our Class VC Common Stock began trading on the NYSE through February 3, 2017.on a regular-way basis on December 28, 2018.


In connection with the completion of the Class V transaction described under “Part I Item 1 — Business Class V Transaction,” our Class V Common Stock, which had been traded on the NYSE since the completion of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016, ceased trading on the NYSE prior to the opening of trading on December 28, 2018.
 Class V Common Stock
 High Low
Fiscal year ended February 3, 2017   
Third quarter (from September 7, 2016)$50.89
 $45.02
Fourth quarter$64.64
 $48.19


There is no public market for our Class A Common Stock ouror Class B Common Stock, or our Class C Common Stock. No shares of our Class D Common Stock were outstanding as of February 3, 2017.January 31, 2020.


Holders


As of March 27, 2017,20, 2020, there were 4,1834,449 holders of record of our Class VC Common Stock, 4110 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock, fiveand six holders of record of our Class B Common Stock, and 42 holders of record of our Class C Common Stock. The number of record holders does not include individuals or entities that beneficially own shares of any class of our common stock, but whose shares are held of record by a broker, bank, or other nominee.


Dividends


Subsequent toSince the listing of our Class VC Common Stock on the NYSE on September 7, 2016, we haveDecember 28, 2018, the Company has not paid or declared cash dividends on ourits common stock. We do The Company does not currently intend to pay cash dividends on ourits common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of ourthe Company’s board of directors and will depend upon ourthe Company’s results of operations, financial condition and business prospects, limitations on the payment of dividends under ourthe Company’s certificate of incorporation, the terms of ourits indebtedness and applicable law, and such other factors as ourthe board of directors may deem relevant. For information about restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends on the common stock, see "Part I — Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Relating to the Class V Common Stock — Dell Technologies may not pay dividends equally or at all on the Class V Common Stock."


Sales of Unregistered Securities


From October 29, 2016 through February 3, 2017,During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, in addition to transactions previously reported, we issued to certain employees a totalan aggregate of 100,830824 shares of ourthe Class C Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1 million$3 thousand pursuant to exercises of stock options granted under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, which was adopted on September 7, 2016 as an amendment and restatement of the Denali Holding Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, the Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which was adopted on September 7, 2016 as an amendment and restatement of the Dell Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, and the Dell Inc. Amended and Restated 2002 Long-Term Plan. During the same period, we also issued 33,393 shares of our Class A Common Stock with an aggregate value of approximately $1 million upon the vesting of restricted stock units granted pursuant to awards under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The foregoing transactions were effected without registration in reliance on the exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") afforded by Rule 701 thereunder as transactions pursuant to compensatory benefit plans or contracts relating to compensation as provided under such rule.


In November, 2016, we issued to certain existing stockholders of Dell Technologies a total of 636,262 shares of our Class A Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $17 million. The shares were issued in a non-public offering in reliance on the exemption from registration under the Securities Act afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and




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Regulation D thereunder. Each investor represented to us that such investor was an "accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act, was not acquiring our Class A Common Stock with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act, and received and had access to adequate information about our company. The shares issued in this non-public offering are subject to restrictions on transfer.

Purchases of Equity Securities

On September 7, 2016, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "DHI Group Repurchase Program") that authorizes us to use assets of the DHI Group to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of shares of our Class V Common Stock over a two-year period beginning on September 7, 2016. On December 13, 2016, our board of directors approved the suspension of the DHI Group Repurchase Program until such time as the board of directors authorizes the reinstatement of that program. On the same date, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Class V Group Repurchase Program") that authorizes us to use assets of the Class V Group to repurchase up to $500 million of shares of our Class V Common Stock over a period of six months. We may repurchase shares under the two programs through open market purchases, block trades, or accelerated or other structured share repurchase programs. The following table sets forth information regarding our repurchases of shares of Class V Common Stock during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2017 and the remaining authorized amount of future repurchases under the programs.

Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Weighted Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
  (in millions, except average price paid per share)
Repurchases from October 29, 2016 to November 25, 2016 3
 $49.61
 3
 $676
Repurchases from November 26, 2016 to December 30, 2016 (a) (b) 1
 $56.10
 1
 $1,103
Repurchases from December 31, 2016 to February 3, 2017 6
 $59.06
 6
 $758
Total 10
 $55.76
 10
  
____________________
(a)As described above, on December 13, 2016, our board of directors approved suspension of the previously authorized DHI Group Repurchase Program announced on September 7, 2016, under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $1.0 billion shares of Class V Common Stock over a period of two years using assets of the DHI Group. At the time of this program's suspension, $324 million of our Class V Common Stock had been repurchased and $676 million of our Class V Common Stock remained authorized for repurchase under the program.
(b)As described above, on December 13, 2016, our board of directors approved the Class V Group Repurchase Program, under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $500 million shares of Class V Common Stock over a period of six months using assets of the Class V Group. As of February 3, 2017, $418 million of our Class V Common Stock had been repurchased and $82 million of our Class V Common Stock remained authorized for repurchase under the program.



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Stock Performance Graph


Class C Common Stock

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on ourthe Company’s Class VC Common Stock for the period of September 7, 2016,from December 28, 2018, the date on which ourthe Class VC Common Stock began trading on the NYSE, through February 3, 2017January 31, 2020, with the total return over the same period on the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Systems Software Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on September 7, 2016December 28, 2018 in the Class C Common Stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any. The comparisons in the graph are based on historical data.
chart-987921322ec40ef1938.jpg
 Class C Common Stock S&P 500 S&P 500 Systems Software Index
Fiscal Year 2019     
December 28, 2018$100.00 $100.00 $100.00
February 1, 2019$109.29 $109.06 $104.13
Fiscal Year 2020     
May 3, 2019$151.22 $119.28 $127.36
August 2, 2019$115.36 $119.34 $134.56
November 1, 2019$117.19 $125.44 $140.86
January 31, 2020$107.35 $132.57 $164.89





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Class V Common Stock

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on the Company’s Class V Common Stock for the period from May 5, 2017 through December 27, 2018, the last date on which the Class V Common Stock traded on the NYSE, with the total return over the same period on the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Systems Software Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on May 5, 2017 in the Class V Common Stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any. The comparisons in the graph are based on historical data and are not necessarily indicative of the future price performance of the Class V Common Stock.data.


chart-bd717112cc905a25bb4.jpg
 Base Period    
 September 7, 2016 October 28, 2016 February 3, 2017
Class V Common Stock$100.00
 $101.81
 $134.06
S&P 500$100.00
 $97.49
 $105.94
S&P 500 Systems Software Index$100.00
 $101.28
 $108.32
 Class V Common Stock S&P 500 S&P 500 Systems Software Index
Fiscal Year 2018     
May 5, 2017$100.00 $100.00 $100.00
August 4, 2017$95.69 $103.77 $106.29
November 3, 2017$120.18 $108.94 $120.05
February 2, 2018$105.36 $116.84 $128.96
Fiscal Year 2019     
May 4, 2018$108.41 $113.21 $132.35
August 3, 2018$138.34 $121.31 $147.30
November 2, 2018$135.50 $116.85 $146.59
December 27, 2018$118.89 $107.19 $139.87


The preceding stock performance graphgraphs shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference by means of any general statement incorporating by reference this annual report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that Dell Technologies specifically incorporates such information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.





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ITEM 6 — SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA


The following selected consolidated financial data for our companythe Company should be read in conjunction with "Part II — Item“Item 7 — Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"Operations” and "Part II — Item“Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Consolidated results of operations and cash flow data for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 3015February 2, 2018 and balance sheet data as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 20161, 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in "Part II — Item“Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Consolidated results of operations and cash flow data for the period from October 29, 2013 to January 31, 2014 and the period from February 2, 2013 to October 28, 2013 and balance sheet data as of January 30, 2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in the proxy statement/prospectus dated June 6, 2016, forming part of our registration statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-208524) filed with the SEC, which are not included or incorporated by reference herein.  The consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year then ended, which are not included or incorporated by reference herein. The consolidated balance sheet data as of February 1, 2013 and the results of operations and cash flow data for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2013 have been derived from Dell Inc.'s audited consolidated financial statements included in Dell Inc.'s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2013 filed with the SEC, which are not included or incorporated by reference herein. As discussed further below, for

For all periods preceding the fiscal year ended January 30, 2015 ("Fiscal 2015"),February 3, 2017, the financial results aredo not reflectivereflect the adoption of discontinued operations.the new accounting standards for recognition of revenue and cash flows. For more detail regarding comparability of the data presented, see “Basis of Presentation” below.


Common Stock

Common Stock for Fiscal 2020 and Thereafter

Dell Technologies Common Stock — For Fiscal 2020, the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock, formerly collectively referred to as the DHI Group Common Stock, are collectively referred to as Dell Technologies Common Stock. The redesignation of such classes of common stock from DHI Group Common Stock to Dell Technologies Common Stock is intended to align the Company’s reporting with how such classes are referred to by securities analysts, investors, and other users of the financial statements since the completion on December 28, 2018 of the Class V Group

Dell Technologies hastransaction described under “Part 1 — Item 1 — Business — Class V Transaction.” As a result of the cancellation of all outstanding Class V Common Stock upon the closing of that transaction, there is no requirement after the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019 to allocate net income (loss) between two separate groups of common stock denoted as the DHI Group Common Stock and the Class V Common Stock. TheStock or to report earnings (loss) per share for each such group. Accordingly, net income (loss), earnings (loss) per share and other relevant information are reported for Dell Technologies Common Stock for all fiscal periods beginning with the first quarter of Fiscal 2020 and, because of lack of comparability with the new reporting, are reported separately for the DHI Group and the Class V Common Stock, consistsas applicable, for prior fiscal periods.

For purposes of four classes of common stock, referredcalculating earnings (loss) per share, the Company continues to asuse the two-class method. The Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock share equally in dividends declared or accumulated and have equal participation rights in undistributed earnings. As a result, earnings (loss) per share are the same for all classes of Dell Technologies Common Stock and are presented together.

Common Stock Prior to Fiscal 2020

DHI Group Comment Stock and DHI Group DHI Group — For the fiscal periods prior to Fiscal 2020, the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock were collectively referred to as the DHI Group Common Stock. ThePrior to the completion of the Class V transaction described under “Part 1 — Business — Class V Transaction,” the DHI Group generally refersreferred to the direct and indirect interest of Dell Technologies in all of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable to the Class V Group, as well as itsthe DHI Group’s retained interest in the Class V Group. Subsequent to the Class V transaction, the DHI Group equalrefers to approximately 38%all classes of issued and outstanding DHI Group Common Stock.

Class V Common Stock and Class V Group — The Class V Common Stock was a class of common stock intended to track the performance of a portion of Dell Technologies'Technologies’ economic interest in the Class V Group. The Class V Group asconsisted solely of February 3, 2017.VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company.

Class V Transaction

As described under “Part 1 — Item 1 — Business — Class V Transaction,” on December 28, 2018, the Company completed the Class V transaction in which it paid $14.0 billion in cash and issued 149,387,617 shares of Class C Common Stock to holders of the Class V Common Stock in exchange for all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock. Pursuant to the Class V transaction, all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock ceased to be outstanding, and the tracking stock feature of the Company’s capital structure was terminated. The Class C Common Stock issued to former holders of the Class V Common


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Stock represents an interest in the Company’s entire business and, unlike the Class V Common Stock, is not intended to track the economic performance of approximately 62% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of such date. As of February 3, 2017, the Class V Group consisted of approximately 338 million shares of Class A common stock of VMware held by Dell Technologies. any distinct assets or business.

See Note 1814 and Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report and Exhibit 99.1 filed with this report for more information regarding earnings per share, capitalization, the Class V transaction, and the former allocation of earnings from Dell Technologies'Technologies’ interest in VMware between the DHI Group and the Class V Common Stock.


Basis of Presentation


Divestitures Leases In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amended guidance on the accounting for leasing transactions. The primary objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The guidance also results in some changes to lessor accounting and requires additional disclosures about all leasing arrangements. 

The Company adopted the standard (the “new lease standard”) as of February 2, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of the adoption date. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient using the transition option whereby prior comparative periods were not retrospectively adjusted in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, prior comparative periods have not been adjusted in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients that does not require reassessment of initial direct costs, classification of a lease, and definition of a lease.

The adoption of the new lease standard resulted in the recognition of $1.6 billion in operating lease liabilities and related ROU assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of February 2, 2019 to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption of the new lease standard. As of February 2, 2019, there were no material finance leases for which the Company was a lessee.

In the area of lessor accounting, as of February 2, 2019, the Company began to originate operating leases due to the elimination of third-party residual value guarantee insurance from the sales-type lease classification test. Leases that commenced prior to the adoption of the new lease standard were not reassessed or restated pursuant to the practical expedients elected. Accordingly, there was no cumulative adjustment to stockholders’ equity (deficit) related to lessor accounting.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers — In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The Company adopted the new accounting standard for revenue recognition set forth in ASC 606, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers,” during the three months ended May 4, 2018 using the full retrospective method. The Company has recast the consolidated results of operations and cash flow data consistent with the new revenue standard for the fiscal years ended February 2, 2018 and February 3, 2017 and balance sheet data as of February 2, 2018 and February 3, 2017.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments — In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation and classification of eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. Companies are required to reflect any adjustments on a retrospective basis, if practicable; otherwise, adoption is required to be applied as of the earliest date practicable.  Dell Technologies adopted this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018. Amounts on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended February 2, 2018 and February 3, 2017 have been recast to conform with the presentation under the new guidance.

Statement of Cash Flows, Restricted Cash — In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance requiring entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash balances on the cash flow statement, and also to provide a supplemental reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. The Company early adopted this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018. See Note 20 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for supplemental cash flow information. Amounts on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended February 2, 2018 and February 3, 2017 have been recast to conform with the presentation under the new guidance.

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on the new standards.


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EMC Merger Transaction — On March 27,September 7, 2016, Dell entered intoTechnologies completed its acquisition by merger of EMC Corporation, referred to as the “EMC merger transaction.” As a definitive agreement with NTT Data International L.L.C. to divest substantially allresult of the EMC merger transaction, Dell Technologies’ results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for the fiscal periods reflected in the selected consolidated financial data are not directly comparable. Further, periods preceding the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 do not fully reflect the EMC merger transaction and, as a result, the Company did not recast financial information for the new revenue and cash flow accounting standards for those periods. The decision of Dell Services.Technologies to not recast such periods is based on the belief that a revision of these periods would not be material to understanding the results of operations and trends of Dell Technologies.

Divestitures On November 2, 2016,January 23, 2017, EMC, a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, closed the partiesdivestiture of the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division. Dell Inc. (“Dell”) closed substantially all of the transaction. On June 19,divestiture of Dell Services on November 2, 2016 Dell entered into a definitive agreement with Francisco Partners and Elliot Management Corporation to divest substantially allthe divestiture of Dell Software Group ("DSG"). Onon October 31, 2016, the parties closed the transaction. On September 12, 2016, EMC entered into a definitive agreement with OpenText Corporation to divest the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division ("ECD"). On January 23, 2017, the parties closed the transaction.2016. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of Dell Services, DSG,Dell Software Group, and ECD,the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division, as well as the related gains or losses on sale, are presented as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015 and, as such, have been excluded from continuing operations in the selected financial data presented below for those periods, except as otherwise indicated. Dell Technologies believes presenting Dell Services and the Dell Software Group as discontinued operations for periods preceding the fiscal year ended January 30, 2015 ("Fiscal 2015") is not material to understanding the results of operations and trends of Dell Technologies and is not relevant to the holders of the Class V Common Stock, which is intended to track the performance of a portion of Dell Technologies' economic interest in VMware, a majority-owned consolidated subsidiary of EMC, subsequent to the closing of the EMC merger transaction. In this regard, the performance of the Class V Common Stock is not affected by the operations of Dell Technologies prior to the consummation of the EMC merger transaction, as Dell Technologies did not acquire EMC's investment in VMware until the completion of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on divestitures.periods.


Going Private Transaction — On October 29, 2013, Dell Technologies acquired Dell in a transaction referred to as the going-private transaction. For the purposes of the consolidated financial data included in this report, periods prior to October 29, 2013 reflect the financial position, results of operations, and changes in financial position of Dell and its consolidated subsidiaries




41



prior to the going-private transaction, referred to as the Predecessor, and periods beginning on or after October 29, 2013 reflect the financial position, results of operations, and changes in financial position of Dell Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a result of the going-private transaction, referred to as the Successor. As a result of the going-private transaction, the results of operations and financial position of the Predecessor and Successor are not directly comparable.


 Successor
 Fiscal Year Ended February 3, 2017 (a) Fiscal Year Ended January 29, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended January 30, 2015
 (in millions, except per share data)
Results of Operations and Cash Flow Data:
Net revenue$61,642
 $50,911
 $54,142
Gross margin$12,959
 $8,387
 $8,896
Operating loss$(3,252) $(514) $(316)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes$(5,356) $(1,286) $(1,215)
Loss from continuing operations$(3,737) $(1,168) $(1,108)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.:     
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - basic$1.44
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - basic$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - diluted$1.43
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - diluted$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Number of weighted-average shares outstanding:     
Class V Common Stock - basic217
 
 
DHI Group - basic470
 405
 404
Class V Common Stock - diluted217
 
 
DHI Group - diluted470
 405
 404
Net cash provided by operating activities$2,222
 $2,162
 $2,551
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018 February 3, 2017 (a) January 29, 2016 (b)
 (in millions, except per share data)
Results of Operations and Cash Flow Data:        
Net revenue$92,154
 $90,621
 $79,040
 $62,164
 $50,911
Gross margin$28,933
 $25,053
 $20,537
 $13,649
 $8,387
Operating income (loss)$2,622
 $(191) $(2,416) $(2,390) $(514)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes$(4) $(2,361) $(4,769) $(4,494) $(1,286)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations$5,529
 $(2,181) $(2,926) $(3,074) $(1,168)
          
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:
Dell Technologies Common Stock$6.38
        
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock  $6.01
 $1.63
 $1.36
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group  $(6.02) $(5.61) $(7.19) $(2.88)
          
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:
Dell Technologies Common Stock$6.03
        
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock  $5.91
 $1.61
 $1.35
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group  $(6.04) $(5.62) $(7.19) $(2.88)
          
Number of weighted-average shares outstanding - basic:
Dell Technologies Common Stock724
        
Class V Common Stock  199
 203
 217
 
DHI Group  582
 567
 470
 405
          
Number of weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted:
Dell Technologies Common Stock751
        
Class V Common Stock  199
 203
 217
 
DHI Group  582
 567
 470
 405
          
Net cash provided by operating activities$9,291
 $6,991
 $6,843
 $2,367
 $2,162
____________________
(a)The fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 included 53 weeks.
(b)Results of operations and cash flow data for fiscal year ended January 29, 2016 presented in the table above have not been recast for, and do not reflect the adoption of, the amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers.



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 Successor  Predecessor
 October 29, 2013 to January 31, 2014  February 2, 2013 to October 28, 2013 Fiscal Year Ended February 1, 2013
 (in millions, except per share data)
Results of Operations and Cash Flow Data (a):
Net revenue$14,075
  $42,302
 $56,940
Gross margin$1,393
  $7,991
 $12,186
Operating income (loss)$(1,798)  $518
 $3,012
Income (loss) before income taxes$(2,002)  $320
 $2,841
Net income (loss)$(1,612)  $(93) $2,372
Earnings (loss) per common share:      
Basic$(4.06)  $(0.05) $1.36
Diluted$(4.06)  $(0.05) $1.35
Number of weighted-average shares outstanding:      
Basic397
  1,755
 1,745
Diluted397
  1,755
 1,755
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,082
  $1,604
 $3,283
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 (a)
 (in millions)
Balance Sheet Data:    
Cash and cash equivalents$9,302
 $9,676
 $13,942
 $9,474
 $6,322
Total assets$118,861
 $111,820
 $124,193
 $119,672
 $45,122
Short-term debt$7,737
 $4,320
 $7,873
 $6,329
 $2,981
Long-term debt$44,319
 $49,201
 $43,998
 $43,061
 $10,650
Total Dell Technologies Inc. stockholders’ equity (deficit)$(1,574) $(5,765) $11,719
 $14,757
 $1,466
____________________
(a)Balance sheet data as of January 29, 2016 presented in the table above have not been recast for, and do not reflect the adoption of, the amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers.
(a) Results of operations for the periods presented in the table above have not been reclassified to present the divested businesses as discontinued operations.




42


 Successor  Predecessor
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015 January 31, 2014  February 1, 2013
 (in millions)
Balance Sheet Data:       
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$9,474
 $6,322
 $5,398
 $6,449
  $12,569
Total assets$118,206
 $45,122
 $48,029
 $51,153
  $47,540
Short-term debt$6,329
 $2,981
 $2,920
 $3,063
  $3,843
Long-term debt$43,061
 $10,650
 $11,071
 $14,352
  $5,242
Total Dell Technologies Inc. stockholders' equity (b)$13,243
 $1,466
 $2,904
 $4,014
  $10,680
____________________
(a) Cash and cash equivalents as of January 31, 2014 and February 1, 2013 has not been adjusted to present the cash and cash equivalents of the divested businesses as held for sale.
(b) Total Dell Technologies Inc. stockholders' equity as of February 1, 2013 represents the total stockholders' equity of Dell Inc.





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ITEM 7 MANAGEMENT'SMANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS


This management'smanagement’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in this annual report on Form 10-K.

In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs, and that are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements.


Unless otherwise indicated, all results presented are prepared in a manner that complies, in all material respects, with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"(“GAAP”). Additionally, unless otherwise indicated, all changes identified for the current-period results represent comparisons to results for the prior corresponding fiscal period.


Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this report to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” and “Dell Technologies” mean Dell Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, references to “Dell” mean Dell Inc. and Dell Inc.’s consolidated subsidiaries, and references to “EMC” mean EMC Corporation and EMC Corporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.

Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest January 31. We refer to our fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018 as "Fiscal 2017," "Fiscal 2016,"“Fiscal 2020,” “Fiscal 2019,” and "Fiscal 2015,"“Fiscal 2018,” respectively. Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015All fiscal years presented included 52 weeks. Fiscal 2017 included 53 weeks, with the extra week included in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2017.

On September 7, 2016, we completed our acquisition by merger of EMC Corporation. The consolidated results of EMC are included in Dell Technologies' consolidated results for the Fiscal 2017 periods presented. Revenues of approximately $9.2 billion and net loss of approximately $2.1 billion attributable to EMC were included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017.

During Fiscal 2017, we closed the Dell Services, DSG, and ECD divestiture transactions. We received total cash consideration of approximately $7.0 billion from the divestitures and recorded a gain on sale, net of tax, of approximately $1.9 billion. Accordingly, the results of operations of Dell Services, DSG, and ECD, as well as the related gains or losses on sale, have been excluded from the results of continuing operations in the periods presented in this management's discussion and analysis, except as otherwise indicated.



INTRODUCTION


Dell Technologies is a strategically aligned familyleading global end-to-end technology provider, with a comprehensive portfolio of IT hardware, software and services solutions spanning both traditional infrastructure and emerging, multi-cloud technologies that enable our customers to build their digital future and transform how they work and live. We operate globally across key functional areas such as technology and product development, marketing, go-to-market and global services, and are supported by Dell Financial Services. We continue to seamlessly deliver differentiated and holistic IT solutions to our customers, which has driven significant revenue growth and share gains.

Dell Technologies operates with significant scale and an unmatched breadth of complementary offerings. Digital transformation has become essential to all businesses, and we have expanded our portfolio to include holistic solutions that brings togetherenable our customers to drive their ongoing digital transformation initiatives. Dell Technologies’ integrated solutions help customers modernize their IT infrastructure, address workforce transformation, and provide critical security solutions to protect against the entire infrastructure from hardwareever increasing and evolving security threats. With our extensive portfolio and our commitment to softwareinnovation, we have the ability to services —offer secure, integrated solutions that extend from the edge to the data centercore to the cloud. Dell Technologiescloud, and we are at the forefront of the software-defined and cloud native infrastructure era. Our end-to-end portfolio is supported by a leader in the traditional technology of today and a leader in the cloud-native infrastructure of tomorrow. We are a leading provider of scalable IT solutions enabling customers to be more efficient, mobile, informed, and secure. Through our recent combination with EMC, Dell Technologies now encompasses the businesses of Dell,differentiated go-to-market engine, which includes our Client Solutions Group, Dell EMC, which includes our Infrastructure Solutions Group, VMware, Pivotal, RSA, and SecureWorks. We are focused on providing technology solutions and services that accelerate digital transformation. We believe technology exists to drive human progress ona 43,000-person sales force, a global scale — to create new markets, reshape industries, and improve lives. We are positioned to help customers of any size build the essential infrastructure to modernize IT and enable digital business, and are differentiated by our practical innovation and efficient, simple, and affordable solutions.

Dell Technologies is committed to our customers. We believe our products, solutions, and services will help power digital transformation. As we innovate to make our customers' existing IT increasingly productive, we help them reinvest their savings into the next generation of technologies that they need to succeed in the digital economy. Our next-generation solutions which enable digital transformation include software-defined data centers, all flash arrays, hybrid cloud, converged and hyper-converged infrastructure, mobile, and security solutions. In addition, our extended warranty and delivery offerings, and software and peripherals, which are closely tied to the sale of our hardware products, are important value differentiators that we are able to offer our customers.

We believe the combined strength of Dell and EMC will benefit our customers through complementary product portfolios, sales teams, and research and development strategies. We are actively working on the integration of EMC acquired businesses, including developing a combined go-to-market strategy. During this period of transition and integration, we remain focused on supporting our customers with outstanding solutions, products, and services. We will continue our focus on building superior customer relationships through our direct model and our network of channel partners, which includes value-added resellers,


44


system integrators, distributors, and retailers. We also will continue investing in strategic solutions and enhancing our go-to-market sales and marketing capabilities as we seek to create a leading global technology company poised for long-term sustainableworld-class supply chain that together drive revenue growth and innovation.operating efficiencies.

As we stay focused on our customers, we will pursue the following strategic initiatives:

To extend our market leading position through our Client and Infrastructure Solutions Groups offerings

To grow our strong position in IT infrastructure for cloud-native workloads, both on- and off-premises

To innovate with winning technology that spans and unites on- and off-premises applications and infrastructure and that enables workforce transformation required by our customers

As part of this strategy, we may supplement organic growth with strategic investments and disciplined acquisitions targeting businesses that will complement our existing portfolio of solutions.

We operate a diversified business model with the majority of our net revenue and operating income derived from commercial clients that consist of large enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses, and public sector customers.


Products and Services


We design, develop, manufacture, market, sell, and support a wide range of products and services. We are organized into the following business units, which are our reportable segments: ClientInfrastructure Solutions Group; InfrastructureClient Solutions Group; and VMware. Due

Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) — ISG enables the digital transformation of our customers through our trusted multi-cloud and big data solutions, which are built upon a modern data center infrastructure. Our comprehensive portfolio of advanced storage solutions includes traditional storage solutions as well as next-generation storage solutions (such as all-flash arrays, scale-out file, object platforms and software-defined solutions). We have simplified our storage portfolio to ensure that we deliver the technology needed for our customers’ digital transformation. Our server portfolio includes high-performance rack, blade, tower and hyperscale servers, optimized for artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads. Our networking portfolio helps our business customers transform and modernize their infrastructure, mobilize and enrich end-user experiences, and accelerate business applications and


44



processes. Our strengths in server, storage, and virtualization software solutions enable us to offer leading converged and hyper-converged solutions, allowing our divestiturescustomers to accelerate their IT transformation by acquiring scalable integrated IT solutions instead of Dell Services, Dell Software Group,building and Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division, the results of these businesses, as well as the related gains or losses on sale, have been excluded from this management's discussion and analysis for all periods presented, except as otherwise indicated. See "Divestitures" below for more information regarding the sale of Dell Services, Dell Software Group, and ECD.

Client Solutions Group (CSG) — Offerings by CSG (formerly referred to as Client Solutions) include branded hardware, such as desktop PCs, notebooks, and tablets, and branded peripherals, such as monitors, printers, and projectors. CSGassembling their own IT platforms. ISG also offers attached software, peripherals and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.


We recently unveiled the Dell Technologies Cloud, a new set of cloud infrastructure solutions to make hybrid cloud environments simpler to deploy and manage. The Dell Technologies Cloud portfolio consists of the new Dell Technologies Cloud Platforms and the new Data Center-as-a-Service offering referred to as VMware Cloud on Dell EMC. These solutions enable a flexible range of IT and management options with tight integration and a single vendor experience for purchasing, deployment, services, and financing, giving customers more control as the operational hub of their hybrid clouds.

Approximately 50%half of ISG revenue is generated by sales to customers in the Americas, with the remaining portion derived from sales to customers in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region (“EMEA”) and the Asia-Pacific and Japan region (“APJ”).

Client Solutions Group (“CSG”) — CSG includes branded hardware (such as desktops, workstations, and notebooks) and branded peripherals (such as displays and projectors), as well as third-party software and peripherals. Our computing devices are designed with our commercial and consumer customers’ needs in mind, and we seek to optimize performance, reliability, manageability, design, and security. In addition to our traditional hardware business, we have a portfolio of thin client offerings that we believe will allow us to benefit from the growth trends in cloud computing. For our customers that are seeking to simplify client lifecycle management, Dell PC as a Service offering combines hardware, software, lifecycle services, and financing into one all-encompassing solution that provides predictable pricing per seat per month through Dell Financial Services. CSG also offers attached software, peripherals, and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.

Approximately half of CSG revenue is generated by sales to customers in the Americas, with the remaining portion derived from sales to customers in EMEA and APJ.


VMware— The VMware reportable segment (“VMware”) reflects the operations of VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW) within Dell Technologies. VMware works with customers in the areas of hybrid and multi-cloud, modern applications, networking, security, and digital workspaces, helping customers manage their IT resources across private clouds and complex multi-cloud, multi-device environments. VMware’s portfolio supports and addresses the key IT priorities of customers: accelerating their cloud journey, modernizing their applications, empowering digital workspaces, transforming networking, and embracing intrinsic security. VMware enables its customers to digitally transform their operations as they ready their applications, infrastructure, and employees for constantly evolving business needs.

During the third quarter of Fiscal 2020, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Carbon Black, Inc. (“Carbon Black”), a developer of cloud-native endpoint protection.
Infrastructure Solutions Group (ISG) — EMC's Information Storage segment
On December 30, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Pivotal, Inc. (“Pivotal”). Before the transaction, Pivotal was a majority-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies through EMC and our existing Enterprise Solutions Group were merged to createVMware, Inc. Pivotal provides a leading cloud-native platform that makes software development and IT operations a strategic advantage for customers. Pivotal’s cloud-native platform, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, accelerates and streamlines software development by reducing the Infrastructure Solutions Group, or ISG. The comprehensive portfoliocomplexity of advanced storage solutions includes traditional storage solutions as well as next-generation storage solutions (including all flash arrays, scale-out filebuilding, deploying and object platforms). The server portfolio includes high-performance rack, blade, tower, and hyperscale servers. The networking portfolio will help our business customers transform and modernize their infrastructure, mobilize and enrich end-user experiences, and accelerate businessoperating new cloud-native applications, and processes. Similarmodernizing legacy applications. With the acquisition, which aligns key software assets, VMware, Inc. will drive and build on a comprehensive development platform with Kubernetes.

Under the terms of the transaction, each outstanding share of Pivotal’s Class A common stock (other than shares held by Pivotal stockholders who properly exercised their appraisal rights under Delaware law) was converted into the right to CSG, ISG also offers attached software, peripherals,receive $15.00 in cash, without interest, and services, including support and deployment, configuration, and extended warranty services.

Approximately 50%each outstanding share of ISG revenue is generated by salesPivotal’s Class B common stock was converted into the right to customersreceive 0.0550 of a share of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. Dell Technologies, which held all outstanding shares of Pivotal’s Class B common stock, received approximately 7.2 million shares of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. in the Americas,transaction.

The purchase of the controlling interest in Pivotal from Dell Technologies was accounted for as a transaction by entities under common control. Assets and liabilities of Pivotal remained at their historical carrying amounts on the


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date of the transaction, with no new goodwill being recognized. This transaction required retrospective combination of the remaining portion derived from sales to customersVMware, Inc. and Pivotal results for all periods presented, as if the combination had been in EMEA and APJ.effect since the inception of common control on the date of the EMC merger transaction in September 2016.


VMware— TheDell Technologies now reports Pivotal results within the VMware reportable segment, ("VMware") reflectsand the operationshistorical segment results have been recast to reflect this change. Pivotal results were previously reported within other businesses. See Note 19 of VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW) within Dell Technologies. See Exhibit 99.1 filed withthe Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further details on the differences between VMware reportablerecast of segment results and VMware, Inc. results.

VMware is a leader in virtualization and cloud infrastructure solutions, which enable organizations to manage IT resources across complex multi-cloud, multi-device environments. VMware offers a broad portfolio of virtualization technologies across three main product groups: software-defined data center; hybrid cloud computing; and end-user computing.


Approximately half of VMware revenue is generated by sales to customers in the United States.


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Our other businesses, described below, consist of product and service offerings of Secureworks, Virtustream, Boomi, and RSA Information Security, SecureWorks, Pivotal, and Boomi.each of which is majority-owned by Dell Technologies. These businesses are not classified as reportable segments, either individually or collectively, as the results of the businesses are not material to our overall results and the businesses do not meet the criteria for reportable segments.


Secureworks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a leading global provider of intelligence-driven information security solutions singularly focused on protecting its clients from cyber attacks. The solutions offered by Secureworks enable organizations of varying size and complexity to fortify their cyber defenses to prevent security breaches, detect malicious activity in near real time, prioritize and respond rapidly to security incidents and predict emerging threats.

Virtustream offers cloud software and infrastructure-as-a-service solutions that enable customers to migrate, run, and manage mission-critical applications in cloud-based IT environments. Beginning in the first quarter of Fiscal 2019, Virtustream results are reported within other businesses, rather than within ISG. This change in reporting structure did not impact our previously reported consolidated financial results, but our prior period segment results have been recast to reflect the change.

Boomi specializes in cloud-based integration, connecting information between existing on-premise and cloud-based applications to ensure business processes are optimized, data is accurate and workflow is reliable.

RSA Security provides essential cybersecurity solutions engineered to enable organizations to detect, investigate, and respond to advanced attacks, confirm and manage identities, and, ultimately, help reduce IP theft, fraud, and cybercrime. In February 2020, Dell Technologies announced its entry into a definitive agreement to sell RSA Security to a consortium of investors in an all-cash transaction for approximately $2.075 billion, subject to certain closing adjustments. The transaction is intended to further simplify our product portfolio and corporate structure.

RSA Information Security provides essential cybersecurityWe believe the collaboration, innovation, and coordination of the operations and strategies across all segments of our business, as well as our differentiated go-to-market model, will continue to drive revenue synergies. Through our coordinated research and development activities, we are able to jointly engineer leading innovative solutions engineeredthat incorporate the distinct set of hardware, software, and services across all segments of our business.

Our products and services offerings are continually evolving in response to enable organizations to detect, investigate,industry dynamics. As a result, reclassifications of certain products and respond to advanced attacks, confirmservices solutions in major product categories may be required. For further discussion regarding our current reportable segments, see “Results of Operations — Business Unit Results” and manage identities, and, ultimately, help reduce IP theft, fraud, and cybercrime.

SecureWorks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a leading global provider of intelligence-driven information security solutions singularly focused on protecting its clients from cyber attacks.

Pivotal is a leading provider of application and data infrastructure software, agile development services, and data science consulting. Pivotal's cloud-native platform enables leading companies to transform their operations with an approach that is focused on building software, rather than buying it.

Boomi specializes in cloud-based integration, connecting information between existing on-premise and cloud-based applications to ensure business processes are optimized, data is accurate and workflow is reliable.

See Note 2219 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our other businesses.report.

For further discussion regarding our current reportable segments, see "Results of Operations — Business Unit Results."


Dell Financial Services


We also offer or arrangeDell Financial Services and its affiliates (“DFS”) support our businesses by offering and arranging various financing options and services for our commercial and consumer customers in the United States, Canada,North America, Europe, Australia, and Mexico through Dell Financial Services ("DFS")New Zealand. DFS originates, collects, and its affiliates. DFS services include originating, collecting, and servicing customer receivables primarily related to the purchase or use of Dell Technologies products.our product, software, and service solutions. We also arrange financing for some of our customers in various countries where DFS does not currently operate as a captive. DFS further strengthens our customer relationships through its flexible consumption models, which enable us to offer our customers the option to pay over time and, in certain cases, based on utilization, providing them with financial flexibility to meet their changing technological requirements. The results of these operations are allocated to our segments based on the underlying product or service financed. For additional information about our financing arrangements, see Note 74 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this reportreport.




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Strategic Investments and Acquisitions

As part of our strategy, we will continue to evaluate opportunities for strategic investments through our venture capital investment arm, Dell Technologies Capital, with a focus on emerging technology areas that are relevant to the Dell Technologies unique family of businesses and that will complement our existing portfolio of solutions. Our investment areas include storage, software-defined networking, management and orchestration, security, machine learning and artificial intelligence, Big Data and analytics, cloud, Internet of Things (“IoT”), and software development operations. In addition to these investments, we also may make disciplined acquisitions targeting businesses that advance our strategic objectives. As of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, Dell Technologies held strategic investments of $0.9 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.

Business Trends and Challenges


We are seeing an unprecedented rate of change in the IT industry. Organizations of all kinds are embracing digital technology to achieve their business objectives. Our vision is to be thean essential infrastructure company and leader in end-user computing, software-defined data center infrastructure solutions, data management, virtualization, IoT, and cloud software that our customers continue to trust and rely on for their IT solutions. We accelerate results for our customers by enabling them to be more efficient, mobile, informed, and secure.  We continue to invest in R&D, sales, and other key areas of our business to deliver superior products and solutions capabilities and to drive execution of long-term profitable growth.software. We believe that our results will benefit from an integrated go-to-market strategy, including enhanced coordination across all segments of our business, and the result offrom our differentiated products and solutions capabilities. We intend to continue to execute on our business model and seek to balance liquidity, profitability, and growth to position our company for long-term success.


We are able to leverage our traditional strengthseeing an accelerated rate of change in the PC marketIT industry. We seek to offeraddress our customers’ evolving needs and their broader digital transformation objectives as they embrace the hybrid multi-cloud environment of today. New technologies are being introduced and adopted quickly. In light of this rapid pace of innovation, we continue to invest in research and development, sales, and other key areas of our business to deliver superior products and solutions capabilities and services that provide higher value recurring revenue streams. Given the macroeconomic environment and computing trends, weto drive execution of long-term sustainable growth.

We expect that the demand environmentISG will continue to be unevenimpacted by the changing nature of the IT infrastructure market and cyclical and that market competition in our Client Solutions Group business will intensify. However, we are committed to a long-term growth strategy that we believe will benefit from the consolidation trends that are occurring in our markets. Our Client Solutions Group offerings remain an important element of our strategy, generating strong cash flow and opportunities for cross-selling of complementary solutions.

competitive environment. The overall server demand environment remains varied among international regions. We expect that our Infrastructure Solutions Group will continue to be adversely affected by declinesselective in the traditional storagedetermining whether to pursue certain large hyperscale and other server markets. transactions as we drive for balanced growth and profitability. With our scale and strong solutions portfolio, we believe we are well positioned to respond to ongoing competitive dynamics. We continue to focus on customer base expansion and lifetime value of customer measurements.

Cloud-native applications are expected to continue as a primary growth driver in the infrastructure market as IT organizations increasingly become multi-cloud environments.adopt cloud native architectures. We believe the complementary cloud solutions across our business created through our combination with EMC, strongly position us to meet these demands for our customers who are increasingly looking to leverage cloud-based computing. Further, we will be able to provide newcloud native architectures, whether on-premises, private or public.

The unprecedented data growth throughout all industries is generating continued demand for our storage solutions and more robust storage and data centerservices. We benefit by offering solutions to meet the evolving needs of our customers. We also continue to be impacted bythat address the emerging trends of enterprises deploying software-defined storage, hyper-converged infrastructure, and modular solutions based on server-centric architectures.


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These trends are changing the way customers are consuming our traditional storage offerings. We have leading solutionscontinue to expand our offerings in these categories through our Dell EMC and VMware data center offerings. In addition, throughexternal storage arrays, which incorporate flexible, cloud-based functionality. Through our research and development efforts, we expect to developare developing new solutions in this rapidly changing industry that we believe will enable us to continue to provide superior solutions to our customers.


Our customers are interested in new and innovative models that address how they consume our solutions. We offer options including as-a-service, utility, leases, or immediate pay models, all designed to match customers’ consumption preferences. These solutions are generally multi-year agreements that typically result in recurring revenue streams over the term of the arrangement. We expect these flexible consumption models will further strengthen our customer relationships and provide a foundation for growth in deferred revenue.

Our CSG offerings are an important element of our strategy, generating strong cash flow and opportunities for cross-selling of complementary solutions. Given current market trends, we expect that the CSG demand environment will continue to be cyclical. For instance, CSG demand was robust in Fiscal 2020 as we realized benefits from the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system refresh cycle. Although we expect continued strong demand into the early part of Fiscal 2021, we expect overall CSG demand will decelerate in Fiscal 2021 as the Windows 10 refresh cycle winds down. Competitive dynamics will continue to be a factor in our CSG business as we seek to balance profitability and growth. We are committed to a long-term


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growth strategy, and beyond Fiscal 2021 we believe CSG will benefit from a steady demand environment due to the consolidation trends that are occurring in the markets in which we compete.

During Fiscal 2020, we recognized benefits to our CSG and ISG operating results from significant component cost declines. We are seeing cost inflation across certain components, and we expect the overall environment to be inflationary, which may result in Fiscal 2021 consolidated operating results that trend more toward Fiscal 2019 levels. The component cost trends and forecasts are dependent on the strength or weakness of actual end user demand and supply dynamics, which will continue to evolve and ultimately impact the translation of the cost environment to pricing and operating results.

Dell Technologies maintains limited-source supplier relationships for processors, because the relationships are advantageous in the areas of performance, quality, support, delivery, capacity, and price considerations. We have seen the impact of processor and other supply constraints in certain product offerings. Delays in the supply of limited-source components could affect the timing of shipments of certain products in desired quantities or configurations.

The impacts of trade protection measures, including increases in tariffs and trade barriers due to the current geopolitical climate and changes in government policies and international trade arrangements, may affect our ability to conduct business in some non-U.S. markets. Among such impacts, we expect slower demand in China may affect our results in Fiscal 2021. We monitor and seek to mitigate these risks with adjustments to our manufacturing, supply chain and distribution networks.

Our business operations could be adversely affected by uncertainty and disruption resulting from the global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While we are currently seeing heightened interest in work from home solutions and continuing execution in our global supply chain, we are unable to predict the extent to which the global COVID-19 pandemic may adversely impact our business operations, financial performance and results of operations for Fiscal 2021. We have taken precautionary measures to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility. We will continue to monitor global events and respond accordingly to any potential business disruptions that may occur.

We manage our business on a U.S. dollarDollar basis. However, we have a large global presence, generating approximately 50%half of our revenue by sales to customers outside of the United States during Fiscal 20172020, Fiscal 2019, and Fiscal 2016. Our revenues, therefore,2018. As a result, our revenue can be impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We utilize a comprehensive hedging strategy intended to mitigate the impact of foreign currency volatility over time, and we adjust pricing when possible to further minimize foreign currency impacts. The percentage

Key Performance Metrics

Our key performance metrics are net revenue, operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and cash flows from operations, which are discussed elsewhere in this report.

Class V Transaction

On December 28, 2018, we completed a transaction (“Class V transaction”) in which we paid $14.0 billion in cash and issued 149,387,617 shares of our revenues generatedClass C Common Stock to holders of our Class V Common Stock in regions outsideexchange for all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock. The non-cash consideration portion of the United States did not change substantially asClass V transaction totaled $6.9 billion. As a result of the EMC merger transaction.

EMC Merger Transaction

As described in Note 1 and Note 3 ofClass V transaction, the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report, on September 7, 2016, a merger subsidiarytracking stock feature of Dell Technologies merged with and into EMC Corporation, with EMC Corporation surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies.

At the effective time of the EMC merger transaction, each share of EMC common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the EMC merger transaction (other than shares owned by Dell Technologies, our merger subsidiary, EMC, or any of EMC's wholly-owned subsidiaries, and other than shares with respect to which EMC's shareholders are entitled to and properly exercise appraisal rights)Technologies’ capital structure was converted into the right to receive the merger consideration, consisting of (1) $24.05 in cash, without interest, and (2) 0.11146 validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock of Dell Technologies designated as Class V Common Stock equal to the quotient (rounded to the nearest five decimal points) obtained by dividing (A) 222,966.450 by (B) the aggregate number of shares of EMC common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the EMC merger transaction, plus cash in lieu of any fractional shares.

Each currently outstanding EMC stock option vested and became fully exercisable prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on the last trading day prior to the effective time of the EMC merger transaction, referred to as the vesting effective time of the merger. Each EMC stock option that remained outstanding immediately prior to the vesting effective time of the merger was automatically exercised immediately prior to the vesting effective time of the merger on a net exercise basis, such that shares of EMC common stock with a value equal to the aggregate exercise price and applicable tax withholding reduced the number of shares of EMC common stock otherwise issuable. Except for any restricted stock units that were granted following the date of the merger agreement and that continued in effect as cash awards following the effective time of the EMC merger transaction, each EMC restricted stock unit outstanding immediately prior to the vesting effective time of the merger became fully vested immediately prior to the vesting effective time of the merger (with performance vesting units vesting at the target level of performance) and the holder hereof became entitled to receive the merger consideration with respect to the shares of EMC common stock subject to the award (which was calculated net of the number of shares withheld in respect of taxes upon the vesting of the award).

In connection with the EMC merger transaction and in accordance with the merger agreement, certain executives holding unvested restricted stock units of EMC, or EMC RSUs, were given the opportunity to elect to exchange each unvested EMC RSU held by such executives that would otherwise have vested in the ordinary course on or after January 1, 2017 for (a) a deferred cash award having a cash value equal to the closing price of a share of EMC common stock on the last trading day before the closing date of the EMC merger transaction, or $29.05, and (b) an option, referred to as a rollover option, to purchase a share ofterminated. The Class C Common Stock of Dell Technologies, referred to as the rollover opportunity. The rollover options have a three-year term and a per share exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of Class C Common Stockis traded on the date of grant, or $27.50, and, to the extent vested, may be exercised using a cashless exercise method for both the exercise priceNew York Stock Exchange.

The aggregate cash consideration and the applicable minimum required tax withholding (subject to certain limitations). Each deferred cash award will vest,fees and each rollover option will vest and thereby become exercisable, on the same schedule as the EMC RSU for which they were exchanged (with any performance-vesting condition deemed satisfied at the target level of performance upon the closing of the EMC merger transaction). We issued, pursuant to the rollover opportunity, options to purchase 1,779,072 shares of Class C Common Stock.

In addition,expenses incurred in connection with the EMC mergerClass V transaction and in accordancewere funded with the merger agreement, certain EMC executives were given the opportunity to purchase, for cash and at fair market value, sharesproceeds of Class C Common Stock. We issued, pursuant to this cash investment opportunity, 152,724 shares$3.67 billion from new term loans under our senior secured credit facilities, proceeds of Class C Common Stock, for a purchase price equal to $27.50 per share, resulting in aggregate cash consideration to us of approximately $4.2 million.



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In connection with the EMC merger transaction, all principal, accrued but unpaid interest, fees, and other amounts (other than certain contingent obligations) outstanding at the effective time of the EMC merger transaction under EMC's unsecured revolving credit facility, Dell's asset-based revolving credit facility, and Dell's term facilities were repaid in full substantially concurrently with the closing, and all commitments to lend and guarantees and security interests, as applicable, in connection therewith were terminated or released. The aggregate amounts of principal, interest, and premium necessary to redeem in full the outstanding $1.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2020 co-issued by Dell International and Denali Finance Corp. were deposited with the trustee for such notes, and such notes were thereby satisfied and discharged, substantially concurrently with the effective time of the EMC merger transaction. All of Dell's other outstanding senior notes and all of EMC's outstanding senior notes remained outstanding after the effective time of the EMC merger transaction in accordance with their respective terms.

Dell Technologies financed the EMC merger transaction, repayment of the foregoing indebtedness of EMC and Dell outstanding as of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, and the payment of related fees and expenses with debtmargin loan financing arrangements in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $45.9$1.35 billion, equity financing arrangementsproceeds of approximately $4.4Dell Technologies’ pro-rata portion, in the amount of $8.87 billion, of a special $11 billion cash dividend paid by VMware, Inc. in connection with the Class V transaction, and cash on hand of approximately $7.8 billion.

at Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries. See Note 3, Note 5, and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information regarding the EMC merger transaction and the related financing transactions.

Divestitures

Dell Services Divestiture — On March 27, 2016, Dell Inc. entered into a definitive agreement with NTT Data International L.L.C. to divest substantially all of Dell Services. On November 2, 2016, the parties closed substantially all of the transaction. At the completion of the sale, we received total cash consideration of approximately $3.0 billion, resulting in a gain on sale, net of tax, of approximately $1.7 billion.

Dell Software Group Divestiture — On June 19, 2016, Dell Inc. entered into a definitive agreement with Francisco Partners and Elliot Management Corporation to divest substantially all of DSG. On October 31, 2016, the parties closed the transaction. At the completion of the sale, we received total cash consideration of approximately $2.4 billion, resulting in a gain on sale, net of tax, of approximately $0.6 billion.

ECD Divestiture — On September 12, 2016, EMC Corporation entered into a definitive agreement with OpenText Corporation to divest the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division. On January 23, 2017, the parties closed the transaction. At the completion of the sale, we received total cash consideration of approximately $1.6 billion, resulting in a loss on sale, net of tax, of approximately $0.4 billion.

Discontinued Operations Presentation — The results of Dell Services, DSG, and ECD, as well as the related gains or losses on sale, are presented as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), and as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented, except as otherwise indicated. Further, we have reclassified the related assets and liabilities as held for sale in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of January 29, 2016. See Note 46 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information regarding these discontinued operations.about the debt we incurred to finance the Class V transaction.

Going-Private Transaction

On October 29, 2013, Dell was acquired by Dell Technologies in a merger transaction pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger, dated as of February 5, 2013, as amended. Dell Technologies is a Delaware corporation owned by Michael S. Dell, a separate property trust for the benefit of Mr. Dell's wife, investment funds affiliated with Silver Lake Partners (a global private equity firm), investment funds affiliated with MSD Partners, L.P., members of Dell's management, and other investors. Mr. Dell serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Dell Technologies and Dell.




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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES


In this management'smanagement��s discussion and analysis, we use supplemental measures of our performance which are derived from our consolidated financial information but which are not presented in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include non-GAAP product net revenue; non-GAAP services net revenue; non-GAAP net revenue; non-GAAP product gross margin; non-GAAP services gross margin; non-GAAP gross margin; non-GAAP operating expenses; non-GAAP operating income; non-GAAP net income from continuing operations;income; earnings before interest and other, net, taxes, depreciation, and amortization referred to as EBITDA;(“EBITDA”); and adjusted EBITDA.
 
We use non-GAAP financial measures to supplement financial information presented on a GAAP basis. We believe that excluding certain items from our GAAP results allows management to better understand our consolidated financial performance from period to period and better project our future consolidated financial performance as forecasts are developed at a level of detail different from that used to prepare GAAP-based financial measures. Moreover, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide our stakeholders with useful information to help them evaluate our operating results by facilitating an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and enabling them to make more meaningful period to period comparisons.

There are limitations to the use of the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this report. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes.


Non-GAAP product net revenue, non-GAAP services net revenue, non-GAAP net revenue, non-GAAP product gross margin, non-GAAP services gross margin, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP operating income, and non-GAAP net income, from continuing operations, as defined by us, exclude amortization of intangible assets, the impact of purchase accounting, amortization of intangible assets, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, other corporate expenses and, for non-GAAP net income, fair value adjustments on equity adjustments and an aggregate adjustment for income taxes. As the excluded items have a material impact on our financial results, our management compensates for this limitation by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using non-GAAP financial measures supplementally or for projections when comparable GAAP financial measures are not available. The non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered as indicators of performance in isolation from or as a substitute for net revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, operating income, or net income prepared in accordance with GAAP, and should be read only in conjunction with financial information presented on a GAAP basis.


Reconciliations of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure are presented below. We encourage you to review the reconciliations in conjunction with the presentation of the non-GAAP financial measures for each of the periods presented. See theThe discussion below for moreincludes information on each of the excluded items as well as our reasons for excluding them from our non-GAAP results. In future fiscal periods, we may exclude such items and may incur income and expenses similar to these excluded items. Accordingly, the exclusion of these items and other similar items in our non-GAAP presentation should not be interpreted as implying that these items are non-recurring, infrequent, or unusual.


Revenue Reclassifications — During Fiscal 2020, Dell Technologies made certain reclassifications of net revenue and non-GAAP net revenue between the products and services categories. The reclassifications were made to provide a more meaningful representation of the nature of certain service and software-as-a-service offerings of VMware, Inc. Prior period results were recast to conform with these changes, and resulted in an increase to services revenue and an equal and offsetting decrease to product revenue in the following amounts: $584 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2019; $580 million for Fiscal 2019; and $353 million for Fiscal 2018. Total net revenue, total gross margin, total non-GAAP net revenue, and total non-GAAP gross margin as previously reported remain unchanged. The Company did not adjust cost of goods sold for the affected product offerings due to immateriality.



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The following is a summary of the items excluded from the most comparable GAAP financial measures to calculate our non-GAAP financial measures:


Amortization of Intangible AssetsAmortization of intangible assets primarily consists of amortization of customer relationships, developed technology, and trade names. In connection with our acquisition by merger of EMC on September 7, 2016, referred to as the EMC merger transaction, and the acquisition of Dell Inc. by Dell Technologies Inc. on October 29, 2013, referred to as the going-private transaction, all of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of EMC and Dell, respectively, were accounted for and recognized at fair value on the transaction dates. Accordingly, for the periods presented, amortization of intangible assets represents amortization associated with intangible assets recognized in connection with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction. Amortization charges for purchased intangible assets are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions, and these charges may vary in amount from period to period. We exclude these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented below to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.

Impact of Purchase AccountingThe impact of purchase accounting includes purchase accounting adjustments, related to the EMC merger transaction and, to a lesser extent, the going-private transaction, recorded under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations. This guidance prescribes that the purchase price be allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities on the date of the transaction. Accordingly, all of the assets and liabilities acquired in the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction were accounted for and recognized at fair value as of the respective transaction dates, and the fair value adjustments are being amortized over the estimated useful lives in the periods following the transactions. The fair value adjustments primarily relate to deferred revenue, inventory, and property, plant, and equipment. Although purchase accounting adjustments and related amortization of those adjustments are reflected in our GAAP results, we evaluate the operating results of the underlying businesses on a non-GAAP basis, after removing such adjustments. We believe that excluding the impact of purchase accounting provides results that are useful in understanding our current operating performance and provides more meaningful comparisons to our past operating performance.

Transaction-related ExpensesTransaction-related expenses consist of acquisition, integration, and divestiture related costs, as well as the costs incurred in the Class V transaction, and are expensed as incurred. These expenses primarily represent costs for legal, banking, consulting, and advisory services, as well as certain compensatory retention awards directly related to the EMC merger transaction.  During Fiscal 2020, transaction expenses related to various acquisition costs, primarily costs of VMware, Inc.’s acquisitions of Carbon Black and Pivotal. During Fiscal 2019, we incurred expenses of approximately $316 million for the completion of the Class V transaction, approximately $116 million for customer evaluation units, and approximately $100 million for manufacturing and engineering inventory.

Stock-based Compensation Expense— Stock-based compensation expense consists of equity awards granted based on the estimated fair value of those awards at grant date. We estimate the fair value of service-based stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. To estimate the fair value of performance-based awards containing a market condition, we use the Monte Carlo valuation model. For all other share-based awards, the fair value is based on the closing price of the Class C Common Stock as reported on the NYSE on the date of grant.  Our non-GAAP adjustment for stock-based compensation expense was previously included within the non-GAAP adjustment for other corporate expenses. Due to the growth in our stock-based compensation expense, we have revised our presentation to present stock-based compensation expense separately in our reconciliations presented below. Although stock-based compensation is an important aspect of the compensation of the Company’s employees and executives, the fair value of the stock-based awards may bear little resemblance to the actual value realized upon the vesting or future exercise of the related stock-based awards. We believe that excluding stock-based compensation expense for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented below facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance. See Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on equity award issuances.


Impact of Purchase AccountingThe impact of purchase accounting includes purchase accounting adjustments, related to the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, recorded under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations. This guidance prescribes that the purchase price be allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities on the date of the transaction. Accordingly, all of the assets and liabilities acquired in the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction were accounted for and recognized at fair value as of the respective transaction dates, and the fair value adjustments are being amortized over the estimated useful lives in the periods following the transactions. The fair value adjustments primarily relate to deferred revenue, inventory, and property, plant, and equipment. The purchase accounting adjustments and related amortization of those adjustments are reflected in our GAAP results; however, we evaluate the operating results of the underlying businesses on a non-GAAP basis, after removing such adjustments. We believe that excluding the impact of purchase accounting provides results that are useful in understanding our current operating performance and provides more meaningful comparisons to our past operating performance.


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Other Corporate Expenses— Other corporate expenses consist of impairment charges, severance, facility action, and other costs. Virtustream non-cash gross impairment charges of $619 million and $190 million were recognized in Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on Virtustream impairment charges. During Fiscal 2020, this category includes a VMware, Inc. legal accrual of $237 million related to patent litigation. Severance costs are primarily related to severance and benefits for employees terminated pursuant to cost savings initiatives. We continue to integrate owned and leased facilities and may incur additional costs as we seek opportunities for operational efficiencies. Other corporate expenses vary from period to period and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of these events. Therefore, although we may incur these types of expenses in the future, we believe that eliminating these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented below facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.

Fair Value Adjustments on Equity Investments — Fair value adjustments on equity investments primarily consists of the gain (loss) on strategic investments, which includes the recurring fair value adjustments of investments in publicly-traded companies, as well as those in privately-held companies, which are adjusted for observable price changes, and to a lesser extent, any potential impairments. Given the volatility in the ongoing adjustments to the valuation of these strategic investments, we believe that excluding these gains or losses for purposes of calculating non-GAAP net income presented below facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.

Aggregate Adjustment for Income Taxes — The aggregate adjustment for income taxes is the estimated combined income tax effect for the adjustments described above, as well as an adjustment for discrete tax items. Due to the variability in recognition of discrete tax items from period to period, we believe that excluding these benefits or charges for purposes of calculating non-GAAP net income facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance. The tax effects are determined based on the tax jurisdictions where the above items were incurred. This category includes discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion related to intra-entity asset transfers, $351 million related to stock-based compensation, and $305 million related to an audit settlement. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on our income taxes.


Amortization of Intangible AssetsAmortization of intangible assets primarily consists of amortization of customer relationships, developed technology, and trade names. In connection with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, all of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of EMC and Dell, respectively, were accounted for and recognized at fair value on the transaction dates. Accordingly, for the periods presented, amortization of intangible assets represents amortization associated with intangible assets recognized in connection with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction. Amortization charges for purchased intangible assets are significantly impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions, and these charges may vary in amount from period to period. We exclude these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented below to facilitate a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.


51
Transaction-related ExpensesTransaction-related expenses, which primarily consist of legal, banking, consulting, and advisory services as well as certain compensatory retention awards directly related to the EMC merger transaction and related integration, are expensed as incurred. During Fiscal 2017, transaction-related expenses included $807 million in day one stock-based compensation charges primarily related to the acceleration of vesting of EMC stock options and related taxes incurred in connection with the EMC merger transaction. During Fiscal 2017, substantially all transaction-related expenses related to the EMC merger transaction. Although not material in the periods presented, we anticipate that integration costs will increase in the next twelve months, primarily as the result of the integration of processes and systems of the EMC acquired businesses.

Other Corporate Expenses— Other corporate expenses consists of severance and facility action costs, primarily related to severance and benefits for employees terminated pursuant to cost savings initiatives, and stock-based compensation expense associated with equity awards. Although not material in the periods presented, we expect facility action costs to increase in the next twelve months due to our plan to integrate owned and leased facilities, as we seek opportunities for operational efficiencies and cost savings. Other corporate expenses vary from period to period and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of these events. Therefore, although we may incur these types of expenses in the future, we believe that eliminating these charges for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures presented below facilitates a more meaningful evaluation of our current operating performance and comparisons to our past operating performance.

Aggregate Adjustment for Income Taxes — The aggregate adjustment for income taxes is the estimated combined income tax effect for the adjustments described above. During Fiscal 2017, this category also includes tax charges of approximately $201 million on previously untaxed earnings of a foreign subsidiary that will no longer be permanently reinvested as a result of the Dell Services and DSG divestitures. The tax effects are determined based on the tax jurisdictions where the above items were incurred.


50



The table below presents a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP measure for each of the periods presented:

presented.
Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3,
2017

% Change
January 29,
2016

% Change
January 30,
2015
January 31,
2020
 % Change February 1,
2019
 % Change February 2,
2018

(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Product net revenue$48,706

14%
$42,742

(7)%
$46,130
$69,918
 (1)% $70,707
 16% $60,898
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Impact of purchase accounting300




(27)



(107)19
   61
   170
Non-GAAP product net revenue$49,006

15%
$42,715

(7)%
$46,023
$69,937
 (1)% $70,768
 16% $61,068













         
Services net revenue$12,936

58%
$8,169

2 %
$8,012
$22,236
 12 % $19,914
 10% $18,142
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Impact of purchase accounting880




486




843
328
   642
   1,099
Non-GAAP services net revenue$13,816

60%
$8,655

(2)%
$8,855
$22,564
 10 % $20,556
 7% $19,241













         
Net revenue$61,642

21%
$50,911

(6)%
$54,142
$92,154
 2 % $90,621
 15% $79,040
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Impact of purchase accounting1,180




459




736
347
   703
   1,269
Non-GAAP net revenue$62,822

22%
$51,370

(6)%
$54,878
$92,501
 1 % $91,324
 14% $80,309













         
Product gross margin$6,537

26%
$5,179

(14)%
$6,046
$15,393
 20 % $12,818
 35% $9,465
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Amortization of intangibles2,081
   2,883
   3,694
Impact of purchase accounting1,104




30




(11)28
   78
   213
Amortization of intangibles1,652




392




386
Transaction-related expenses24




1




3
(5)   210
   11
Stock-based compensation expense10
   27
   6
Other corporate expenses29




9




21
16
   5
   19
Non-GAAP product gross margin$9,346

67%
$5,611

(13)%
$6,445
$17,523
 9 % $16,021
 19% $13,408













         
Services gross margin$6,422

100%
$3,208

13 %
$2,850
$13,540
 11 % $12,235
 11% $11,072
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Impact of purchase accounting903




482




822
325
   642
   1,099
Amortization of intangibles1










Transaction-related expenses19




5




1

   3
   13
Stock-based compensation expense119
   64
   60
Other corporate expenses128




1




8
56
   57
   16
Non-GAAP services gross margin$7,473

102%
$3,696

 %
$3,681
$14,040
 8 % $13,001
 6% $12,260













Gross margin$12,959

55%
$8,387

(6)%
$8,896
Non-GAAP adjustments:











Impact of purchase accounting2,007




512




811
Amortization of intangibles1,653




392




386
Transaction-related expenses43




6




4
Other corporate expenses157




10




29
Non-GAAP gross margin$16,819

81%
$9,307

(8)%
$10,126






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Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3,
2017

% Change
January 29,
2016

% Change
January 30,
2015
January 31,
2020
 % Change February 1,
2019
 % Change February 2,
2018

(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Gross margin$28,933
 15% $25,053
 22% $20,537
Non-GAAP adjustments:         
Amortization of intangibles2,081
   2,883
   3,694
Impact of purchase accounting353
   720
   1,312
Transaction-related expenses(5)   213
   24
Stock-based compensation expense129
   91
   66
Other corporate expenses72
   62
   35
Non-GAAP gross margin$31,563
 9% $29,022
 13% $25,668
         
Operating expenses$16,211

82 %
$8,901

(3)%
$9,212
$26,311
 4% $25,244
 10% $22,953
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Amortization of intangibles(2,327)   (3,255)   (3,286)
Impact of purchase accounting(287)



(92)



(77)(58)   (100)   (234)
Amortization of intangibles(2,028)



(1,577)



(1,698)
Transaction-related expenses(1,445)



(103)



(72)(290)   (537)   (478)
Stock-based compensation expense(1,133)   (827)   (769)
Other corporate expenses(745)



(47)



(56)(1,088)   (357)   (290)
Non-GAAP operating expenses$11,706

65 %
$7,082

(3)%
$7,309
$21,415
 6% $20,168
 13% $17,896













         
Operating loss$(3,252)
(533)%
$(514)
(63)%
$(316)
Operating income (loss)$2,622
 NM
 $(191) 92% $(2,416)
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Amortization of intangibles4,408
   6,138
   6,980
Impact of purchase accounting2,294




604




888
411
   820
   1,546
Amortization of intangibles3,681




1,969




2,084
Transaction-related expenses1,488




109




76
285
   750
   502
Stock-based compensation expense1,262
   918
   835
Other corporate expenses902




57




85
1,160
   419
   325
Non-GAAP operating income$5,113

130 %
$2,225

(21)%
$2,817
$10,148
 15% $8,854
 14% $7,772













         
Net loss from continuing operations$(3,737)
(220)%
$(1,168)
(5)%
$(1,108)
Net income (loss)$5,529
 354% $(2,181) 25% $(2,926)
Non-GAAP adjustments:











         
Amortization of intangibles4,408
   6,138
   6,980
Impact of purchase accounting2,294




604




894
411
   820
   1,546
Amortization of intangibles3,681




1,969




2,084
Transaction-related expenses1,485




83




69
285
   824
   502
Stock-based compensation expense1,262
   918
   835
Other corporate expenses902




77




85
1,160
   419
   325
Fair value adjustments on equity investments(194)   (342)   (72)
Aggregate adjustment for income taxes(1,938)



(512)



(620)(6,772)   (1,369)   (2,835)
Non-GAAP net income from continuing operations$2,687

155 %
$1,053

(25)%
$1,404
Non-GAAP net income$6,089
 16% $5,227
 20% $4,355

____________________

NM Not meaningful


53


Table of Contents


In addition to the above measures, we also use EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to provide additional information for evaluation of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA excludes purchase accounting adjustments related to the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, acquisition, integration, and divestiture-relateddivestiture related costs, impairment charges, and severance, facility action, and facility actions,other costs, and stock-based compensation expense. We believe that, due to the non-operational nature of the purchase accounting entries, it is appropriate to exclude these adjustments.


As is the case with the non-GAAP measures presented above, users should consider the limitations of using EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, including the fact that those measures do not provide a complete measure of our operating performance. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA do not purport to be alternatives to net income (loss) as measures of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. In particular, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be a measure of free cash flow available for management'smanagement’s discretionary use, as these measures do not consider certain cash requirements, such as working capital needs, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, interest payments, tax payments, and other debt service requirements.



52

Table of Contents


The table below presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to net loss from continuing operationsincome (loss) for the periods presented:

indicated:

Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3,
2017
 % Change
January 29,
2016

% Change
January 30,
2015
January 31,
2020
 % Change February 1,
2019
 % Change February 2,
2018

(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Net loss from continuing operations$(3,737) (220)% $(1,168) (5)% $(1,108)
Net income (loss)$5,529
 354% $(2,181) 25% $(2,926)
Adjustments:
 
 




         
Interest and other, net (a)2,104
 
 772



899
2,626
   2,170
   2,353
Income tax benefit(b)(1,619) 
 (118)


(107)(5,533)   (180)   (1,843)
Depreciation and amortization4,840
 
 2,494



2,599
6,143
   7,746
   8,634
EBITDA$1,588
 (20)% $1,980

(13)%
$2,283
$8,765
 16% $7,555
 22% $6,218


 
 




         
EBITDA$1,588
 (20)% $1,980

(13)%
$2,283
$8,765
 16% $7,555
 22% $6,218
Adjustments:
 
 




         
Stock-based compensation expense392
 
 63



58
1,262
   918
   835
Impact of purchase accounting (b)(c)1,926
 
 487



788
347
   704
   1,274
Transaction-related expenses (c)(d)1,525
 
 83




78
285
   722
   502
Other corporate expenses (d)(e)510
 
 20



20
1,128
   397
   305
Adjusted EBITDA$5,941
 126 % $2,633

(18)%
$3,227
$11,787
 14% $10,296
 13% $9,134
____________________________________
(a)See "Results“Results of Operations — Interest and Other, Net"Net” for more information on the components of interest and other, net.
(b)See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on discrete tax items recorded in Fiscal 2020.
(c)This amount includes the non-cash purchase accounting adjustments related to the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction.
(c)(d)Transaction-related expenses consist of acquisition, integration, and integration-related costs.divestiture related costs, as well as the costs incurred in the Class V transaction.
(d)(e)Consists ofOther corporate expenses includes impairment charges, severance, and facility action, and other costs. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on Virtustream impairment charges.






5354


Table of Contents


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


Consolidated Results


The following table summarizes our consolidated results from continuing operations for each of the periods presented. Unless otherwise indicated, all changes identified for the current-periodcurrent period results represent comparisons to results for the prior corresponding fiscal period.


Revenue Reclassifications — During Fiscal 2020, Dell Technologies made certain reclassifications of net revenue between the products and services categories. Prior period results were recast to conform with these changes. The Company did not recast cost of goods sold for the related revenue reclassifications due to immateriality. Total net revenue, total gross margin, total non-GAAP net revenue, and total non-GAAP gross margin remain unchanged. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information regarding the reclassifications.
 Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017   January 29, 2016   January 30, 2015January 31, 2020   February 1, 2019   February 2, 2018
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 (in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Net revenue:                               
Product $48,706
 79.0 % 14 % $42,742
 84.0 % (7)% $46,130
 85.2 %
Products$69,918
 75.9% (1)% $70,707
 78.0 % 16% $60,898
 77.0 %
Services 12,936
 21.0 % 58 % 8,169
 16.0 % 2 % 8,012
 14.8 %22,236
 24.1% 12 % 19,914
 22.0 % 10% 18,142
 23.0 %
Total net revenue $61,642
 100.0 % 21 % $50,911
 100.0 % (6)% $54,142
 100.0 %$92,154
 100.0% 2 % $90,621
 100.0 % 15% $79,040
 100.0 %
Gross margin:                               
Product $6,537
 13.4 % 26 % $5,179
 12.1 % (14)% $6,046
 13.1 %
Services 6,422
 49.6 % 100 % 3,208
 39.3 % 13 % 2,850
 35.6 %
Products (a)$15,393
 22.0% 20 % $12,818
 18.1 % 35% $9,465
 15.5 %
Services (b)13,540
 60.9% 11 % 12,235
 61.4 % 11% 11,072
 61.0 %
Total gross margin $12,959
 21.0 % 55 % $8,387
 16.5 % (6)% $8,896
 16.4 %$28,933
 31.4% 15 % $25,053
 27.6 % 22% $20,537
 26.0 %
Operating expenses $16,211
 26.3 % 82 % $8,901
 17.5 % (3)% $9,212
 17.0 %$26,311
 28.6% 4 % $25,244
 27.8 % 10% $22,953
 29.1 %
Operating loss $(3,252) (5.3)% (533)% $(514) (1.0)% (63)% $(316) (0.6)%
Net loss from continuing operations $(3,737) (6.1)% (220)% $(1,168) (2.3)% (5)% $(1,108) (2.0)%
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. $(1,672) (2.7)% (51)% $(1,104) (2.2)% 10 % $(1,221) (2.3)%
Operating income (loss)$2,622
 2.8% NM
 $(191) (0.2)% 92% $(2,416) (3.1)%
Net income (loss)$5,529
 6.0% 354 % $(2,181) (2.4)% 25% $(2,926) (3.7)%
Net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,616
 5.0% 300 % $(2,310) (2.5)% 19% $(2,849) (3.6)%
                               
Other Financial Information                
Non-GAAP Financial Information               
Non-GAAP net revenue:                               
Product $49,006
 78.0 % 15 % $42,715
 83.2 % (7)% $46,023
 83.9 %$69,937
 75.6% (1)% $70,768
 77.5 % 16% $61,068
 76.0 %
Services 13,816
 22.0 % 60 % 8,655
 16.8 % (2)% 8,855
 16.1 %22,564
 24.4% 10 % 20,556
 22.5 % 7% 19,241
 24.0 %
Total non-GAAP net revenue $62,822
 100.0 % 22 % $51,370
 100.0 % (6)% $54,878
 100.0 %$92,501
 100.0% 1 % $91,324
 100.0 % 14% $80,309
 100.0 %
Non-GAAP gross margin:                               
Product $9,346
 19.1 % 67 % $5,611
 13.1 % (13)% $6,445
 14.0 %
Services 7,473
 54.1 % 102 % 3,696
 42.7 %  % 3,681
 41.6 %
Product (a)$17,523
 25.1% 9 % $16,021
 22.6 % 19% $13,408
 22.0 %
Services (b)14,040
 62.2% 8 % 13,001
 63.2 % 6% 12,260
 63.7 %
Total non-GAAP gross margin $16,819
 26.8 % 81 % $9,307
 18.1 % (8)% $10,126
 18.5 %$31,563
 34.1% 9 % $29,022
 31.8 % 13% $25,668
 32.0 %
Non-GAAP operating expenses $11,706
 18.6 % 65 % $7,082
 13.8 % (3)% $7,309
 13.3 %$21,415
 23.2% 6 % $20,168
 22.1 % 13% $17,896
 22.3 %
Non-GAAP operating income $5,113
 8.1 % 130 % $2,225
 4.3 % (21)% $2,817
 5.1 %$10,148
 11.0% 15 % $8,854
 9.7 % 14% $7,772
 9.7 %
Non-GAAP net income from continuing operations $2,687
 4.3 % 155 % $1,053
 2.0 % (25)% $1,404
 2.6 %
Non-GAAP net income$6,089
 6.6% 16 % $5,227
 5.7 % 20% $4,355
 5.4 %
EBITDA $1,588
 2.5 % (20)% $1,980
 3.9 % (13)% $2,283
 4.2 %$8,765
 9.5% 16 % $7,555
 8.3 % 22% $6,218
 7.7 %
Adjusted EBITDA $5,941
 9.5 % 126 % $2,633
 5.1 % (18)% $3,227
 5.9 %$11,787
 12.7% 14 % $10,296
 11.3 % 13% $9,134
 11.4 %

____________________
(a)Product gross margin percentages represent product gross margin as a percentage of product net revenue, and non-GAAP product gross margin percentages represent non-GAAP product gross margin as a percentage of non-GAAP product net revenue.
(b)Services gross margin percentages represent services gross margin as a percentage of services net revenue, and non-GAAP services gross margin percentages represent non-GAAP services gross margin as a percentage of non-GAAP services net revenue.
NM Not meaningful


55


Table of Contents

Non-GAAP product net revenue, non-GAAP services net revenue, non-GAAP net revenue, non-GAAP product gross margin, non-GAAP services gross margin, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP net income, from continuing operations, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures as a percentage of revenue are calculated based on non-GAAP net revenue. See "Non-GAAPNon‑GAAP Financial Measures"Measures for additional information about these non-GAAP financial measures, including our reasons for including these measures, material limitations with respect to the usefulness of the measures, and a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.



54

Table of Contents

As a result of the EMC merger transaction completed on September 7, 2016 and its impact on Fiscal 2017 results, our results for the fiscal periods discussed below are not directly comparable.


Overview


During Fiscal 2017,2020, our net revenue and non-GAAP net revenue increased 21%2% and 22%1%, respectively. The increaseincreases in net revenue and non-GAAP net revenue waswere attributable to increases in net revenue in CSG and VMware, which were partially offset by declines in ISG net revenue. The increase in CSG revenue primarily resulted from the EMC acquired businesses, while revenue from our legacy businesses remained relatively unchanged. The EMC merger transaction had an impact onMicrosoft Windows 10 operating system refresh cycle combined with strong execution by the mix of revenue contributed by our business units. CSGbusiness. VMware net revenue represented approximately 60%increased due to growth in software license revenue and strong renewals of VMware enterprise agreements, maintenance contracts sold in previous periods, and additional maintenance contracts sold in conjunction with new software license sales. ISG net revenue decreased primarily because of weakness in servers and networking. During Fiscal 2020, we benefited from the strength of our total net revenue during Fiscal 2017. In comparison, CSG net revenue represented a higher proportion ofbroad IT solutions portfolio, which helped us navigate market volatility and competitive pressures. We believe we are well-positioned for long-term profitable growth while also maintaining the ability to adjust as needed to changing market conditions with complementary solutions across our revenue prior to the EMC merger transaction, accounting for approximately 70% of our total net revenue for Fiscal 2016.businesses.


During Fiscal 20172020 and Fiscal 2016,2019, our operating income was $2.6 billion and operating loss was $3.3 billion and $0.5$0.2 billion, respectively. The increase in our operating lossincome for Fiscal 20172020 was primarily attributable to an increase in purchase accounting adjustmentsoperating income for CSG, resulting mainly from lower component costs and a decrease in amortization of intangible assets. These benefits were partially offset by an increase in other corporate expenses, which primarily included Virtustream impairment charges.

Amortization of intangible assets and an increase in compensationother corporate expenses that impacted operating income totaled $5.6 billion and benefits expense, both related to$6.6 billion for Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. Excluding these costs, the EMC merger transaction. The increases in operating expenses were partially offset by the favorable impact of gross margin from the EMC acquired businesses.

Our operating loss was impacted by purchase accounting, adjustments associated with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, amortization of intangible assets, transaction-related expenses, and other corporate expenses. In aggregate, these items totaled $8.4 billion and $2.7 billion for Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. Excluding these adjustments,stock-based compensation expense, our non-GAAP operating income increased 130%15% to $5.1$10.1 billion during Fiscal 2017.2020. The increase in non-GAAP operating income infor Fiscal 20172020 was primarily attributabledue to the favorable impact of non-GAAPan increase in operating income from the EMC acquired businesses of $1.5 billion and, to a lesser degree, to higher gross margin from our legacy businesses.for CSG.


Cash provided by operating activities was $2.2$9.3 billion and $7.0 billion during Fiscal 2017. Positive2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. The increase in operating cash flows were attributable to profitable operations, particularly in the EMC acquired businesses. Duringduring Fiscal 2017, the favorable effects of these factors were offset partially2020 was primarily driven by cash used for transaction-related expenses.improved profitability and continued working capital discipline. See "Market“Market Conditions, Liquidity, Capital Commitments, and Capital Commitments"Contractual Cash Obligations” for further information on our cash flow metrics.


Net Revenue


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


During Fiscal 2017,2020, our net revenue increased 21% due to the favorable impact of net revenue from the EMC acquired businesses of approximately $9.2 billion, partially offset by purchase accounting adjustments of approximately $1.0 billion. An increase of 2% in CSG net revenue also contributed to higher net revenue during Fiscal 2017. Ourand non-GAAP net revenue increased 22%2% and 1%, respectively. The increases in net revenue and non-GAAP net revenue were attributable to increases in net revenue in CSG and VMware, which were partially offset by declines in ISG net revenue. See “Business Unit Results” for further information.

Product Net Revenue — Product net revenue includes revenue from the sale of hardware products and software licenses. During Fiscal 2020, both product net revenue and non-GAAP product net revenue decreased 1%. These decreases were primarily driven by decreases in product net revenue for ISG servers and networking, which were partially offset by increases in product net revenue for CSG and VMware.

Services Net Revenue— Services net revenue includes revenue from our services offerings and support services related to hardware products and software licenses. During Fiscal 2020, services net revenue and non-GAAP services net revenue increased 12% and 10%, respectively. These increases were primarily attributable to an increase in services revenue for hardware support and deployment and software maintenance due to growth in CSG and VMware. A substantial portion of services net revenue is derived from offerings that have been deferred over a period of time, and, as a result, reported services net revenue growth rates will be different than product net revenue growth rates.



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From a geographical perspective, net revenue generated by sales to customers in the Americas increased during Fiscal 2017, primarily2020 due to the impact from the EMC acquired businesses.

Product Net Revenue — Productstrong performance in CSG and VMware. In EMEA, net revenue includesfrom sales to customers remained flat during Fiscal 2020. Net revenue from sales to customers in APJ decreased slightly during Fiscal 2020, primarily as the saleresult of hardware productsa weaker demand environment for ISG servers and Dell Technologies-owned software licenses. networking, particularly in China.

Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

During Fiscal 2017, product2019, our net revenue increased 14% and non-GAAP product net revenue increased 15% primarily due to the impact from the EMC acquired businesses.

Services Net Revenue— Servicesand 14%, respectively. The increases in net revenue includes revenue from our services offerings, third-party software license sales, and support services related to Dell Technologies-owned software and hardware. During Fiscal 2017,non-GAAP net revenue were attributable to these services increased 58% due to the impact from the EMC acquired businesses. Non-GAAPincreases in net revenue attributable to services increased 60% during Fiscal 2017.

across all three business units. See "Business“Business Unit Results"Results” for further information regarding revenue from our products, services, and software offerings.information.


Product Net Revenue — During Fiscal 2019, both product net revenue and non-GAAP product net revenue increased 16%. These increases were attributable to an increase in product revenue across all three business units, driven by strength in sales across all product categories.

Services Net Revenue— During Fiscal 2019, services net revenue and non-GAAP services net revenue increased 10% and 7%, respectively. These increases were primarily due to an increase in services revenue for hardware support and deployment and software maintenance due to growth in the business.

From a geographical perspective, net revenue generated by sales to customers in all regions increased duringin Fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of the impact from the EMC acquired businesses. Our mix of revenues generated2019 due to strong performance globally in the Americas, EMEA, and APJ did not change substantially as a result of the EMC merger transaction.all three business units.



Gross Margin

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Fiscal 20162020 compared to Fiscal 20152019

Product Net Revenue — Product net revenue includes revenue from the sale of hardware products and Dell Technologies-owned software licenses. During Fiscal 2016, product net revenue and non-GAAP product net revenue both decreased 7% due to decreases in revenue from CSG as we experienced an overall decline in demand for desktops and notebooks. Product net revenue for Fiscal 2016 did not benefit from the positive effects of the Windows XP refresh that contributed to product revenue in Fiscal 2015.

Services Net Revenue— Services net revenue includes revenue from our services offerings, third-party software license sales, and support services related to Dell Technologies-owned software and hardware. During Fiscal 2016, services net revenue increased 2%, which was primarily attributable to the diminishing negative impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the going-private transaction, which were $0.5 billion in Fiscal 2016, compared to $0.8 billion in Fiscal 2015. During Fiscal 2016, non-GAAP services net revenue decreased 2%, which was attributable to a decrease in sales of our third-party software offerings and post-contract customer support associated with those software offerings.

See "Business Unit Results" for further information regarding revenue from our products, services, and software offerings.

From a geographical perspective, net revenue decreased in all regions during Fiscal 2016, partially offset by growth in certain emerging markets, including China and India.

Gross Margin

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016


During Fiscal 2017,2020, our total gross margin increased 55%15% to $13.0$28.9 billion, and our gross margin percentage increased 450380 basis points to 21.0%31.4%. The increase in our total gross margin percentage during Fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to incrementala deflationary component cost environment for both ISG and CSG, a greater contribution of VMware gross margin of approximately $3.7 billion fromin the EMC acquired businesses, which had higher gross margin percentages. Cost favorabilitymix, and a decrease in CSG also contributed to the improvement in total gross margin, but to a lesser extent. The effects of these factors on total gross margin were partially offset by the impact of purchase accounting adjustments and amortization of intangibles related to the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction.purchase accounting adjustments.


Our gross margin for Fiscal 20172020 and Fiscal 2019 included the effectimpact of $3.7 billionamortization of intangibles and purchase accounting adjustments and amortization of intangibles related to the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction. In comparison, the impacts of purchase accounting adjustments and amortization of intangibles were $0.9 billion in Fiscal 2016, and in this period related only to the going-private transaction. During Fiscal 2017, our total non-GAAP gross margin increased 81% to $16.8$2.4 billion and our non-GAAP gross margin percentage increased 870 basis points to 26.8%. The increase in our total non-GAAP gross margin was primarily due to the impact from the EMC acquired businesses.

Products — During Fiscal 2017, product gross margin increased 26% to $6.5$3.6 billion, and product gross margin percentage increased 130 basis points to 13.4%. The increases in product gross margin were driven primarily by an increase in CSG gross margin due to a favorable cost position and a richer product mix and, to a lesser extent, by the incremental product gross margin attributable to the EMC acquired businesses.

During Fiscal 2017, non-GAAP product gross margin increased 67% to $9.3 billion, and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage increased 600 basis points to 19.1%. The increase in non-GAAP product gross margin were primarily attributable to the incremental product gross margin from the EMC acquired businesses and an increase in CSG gross margin.

Services — During Fiscal 2017, our gross margin for services increased 100% to $6.4 billion, and our services gross margin percentage increased 1,030 basis points to 49.6%. The increase in services gross margin was primarily attributable to gross margin from the EMC acquired businesses. Purchase accounting adjustments totaled $0.9 billion during Fiscal 2017, compared to $0.5 billion during Fiscal 2016.respectively. Excluding these costs, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses, non-GAAP gross margin dollars for servicesFiscal 2020 increased 102%9% to $7.5$31.6 billion, and servicesnon-GAAP gross margin percentage increased 1,140230 basis points to 54.1%34.1%.
The increase in our non-GAAP gross margin was attributable to increases in gross margin for CSG and VMware. The increase in our non-GAAP gross margin percentage was primarily due to higher gross margin percentages for both ISG and CSG which benefited from the deflationary component cost environment and a greater contribution of VMware gross margin in the gross margin mix.


Products — During Fiscal 2020, product gross margin increased 20% to $15.4 billion, and product gross margin percentage increased 390 basis points to 22.0%. During Fiscal 2020, non-GAAP product gross margin increased 9% to $17.5 billion, and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage increased 250 basis points to 25.1%. The increases in product gross margin and non-GAAP product gross margin were driven primarily by the strength in sales of CSG commercial products and VMware software licenses and the deflationary component cost environment for ISG and CSG. Product gross margin also benefited from a decrease in amortization of intangibles and transaction-related costs. Product gross margin percentage and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage increased primarily due to the higher product gross margin percentages for both ISG and CSG, which benefited from the deflationary component cost environment.





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Services — During Fiscal 2020, services gross margin increased 11% to $13.5 billion, and services gross margin percentage decreased slightly by 50 basis points to 60.9%. Services gross margin increased due to growth in services gross margin in VMware software maintenance. Services gross margin also benefited from a decrease in purchase accounting adjustments, which totaled $0.3 billion and $0.6 billion during Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. Excluding these costs, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses, non-GAAP services gross margin increased 8% to $14.0 billion, and non-GAAP services gross margin percentage decreased 100 basis points to 62.2%. The decrease in services gross margin percentage and non-GAAP services gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to a decline in services gross margin percentage for CSG.

Fiscal 20162019 compared to Fiscal 20152018


During Fiscal 2016,2019, our total gross margin decreased 6%increased 22% to $8.4$25.1 billion, and our gross margin percentage increased 10160 basis points to 16.5%27.6%. GrossThe increase in our gross margin percentage during Fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to a decrease in amortization of intangibles and purchase accounting adjustments, offset partially by gross margin rate pressure in CSG and product mix dynamics in ISG due to growth in sales of servers, which typically have a lower gross margin than storage products.

Our gross margin for Fiscal 20162019 and Fiscal 2018 included the effectsimpact of $0.9 billion inamortization of intangibles and purchase accounting adjustments of $3.6 billion and amortization of intangibles related$5.0 billion, respectively. Excluding these costs, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses, non-GAAP gross margin for Fiscal 2019 increased 13% to the going-private transaction. During Fiscal 2016,$29.0 billion, and non-GAAP gross margin percentage decreased 20 basis points to 31.8%. The increase in our non-GAAP gross margin decreased 8%was attributable to $9.3 billion, andincreases in gross margin across all three business units. The decrease in our non-GAAP gross margin percentage decreased 40 basis pointswas primarily due to 18.1%.

Products — During Fiscal 2016, product mix dynamics in ISG due to growth in sales of servers and gross margin and non-GAAP product gross margin dollars decreased 14% and 13%, respectively. Product gross margin percentage and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage decreased 100 and 90 basis points during Fiscal 2016 to 12.1% and 13.1%, respectively. The decreasesrate pressure in product gross margin and non-GAAP product gross margin were primarily attributable to the adverse impact on CSG of an overall decline in demand that resulted in a decrease in desktop and notebook units sold, as well as to challenging pricing dynamics. These pricing dynamics included the impacts of competitive pressure and foreign currency volatility. CSG.

Products — During Fiscal 2019, product gross margin increased 35% to $12.8 billion, and product gross margin percentage increased 260 basis points to 18.1%. The increases in both product gross margin and product gross margin percentage were primarily attributable to a decrease in amortization of intangibles and purchase accounting adjustments. During Fiscal 2019, non-GAAP product gross margin increased 19% to $16.0 billion, and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage increased 60 basis points to 22.6%. The increases in product gross margin and non-GAAP product gross margin were driven primarily by increases in product revenue in all three business units due to strength in sales of ISG servers and storage, CSG commercial products, and VMware software licenses. Product gross margin percentage and non-GAAP product gross margin percentage increased primarily as a result of higher product gross margin percentages for ISG and VMware.

Our gross margins include benefits relating primarily to settlements from certain vendors regarding their past pricing practices. These benefits were $97 million and $109 million forDuring Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, respectively.2018, we entered into a settlement agreement with a vendor to resolve a dispute regarding past pricing practices. Vendor settlements are allocated to our segments based on the relative amount of affected vendor products sold by each segment.

Services — During Fiscal 2016, our services Our gross margin increased 13%, and our non-GAAP services gross marginfor Fiscal 2018 included a benefit of $68 million related to receipt of payment under the settlement, which was relatively unchanged. The increase in services gross margin was primarily attributableentirely allocated to the diminishing negative impactCSG.

Services — During Fiscal 2019, services gross margin increased 11% to $12.2 billion, and services gross margin percentage increased 40 basis points to 61.4%. Services gross margin increased due to growth in services gross margin in CSG and VMware, particularly in hardware support and deployment and software maintenance. During Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018, services gross margin also benefited from a decrease in purchase accounting adjustments, which totaled $0.6 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively. Excluding these costs, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses, non-GAAP services gross margin increased 6% to $13.0 billion, and non-GAAP services gross margin percentage decreased 50 basis points to 63.2%. Services gross margin percentage decreased primarily due to lower services gross margin percentages in CSG and ISG.



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Vendor Programs and Settlements


Our gross margin is affected by our ability to achieve competitive pricing with our vendors and contract manufacturers, including through our negotiation of a variety of vendor rebate programs to achieve lower net costs for the various components we include in our products. Under these programs, vendors provide us with rebates or other discounts from the list prices for the components, which are generally elements of their pricing strategy. We account for vendor rebates and other discounts as a reduction in cost of net revenue. We manage our costs on a total net cost basis, which includes supplier list prices reduced by vendor rebates and other discounts.


The terms and conditions of our vendor rebate programs are largely based on product volumes and are generally negotiated either at the beginning of the annual or quarterly period, depending on the program. The timing and amount of vendor rebates and other discounts we receive under the programs may vary from period to period, reflecting changes in the competitive environment. We monitor our component costs and seek to address the effects of any changes to terms that might arise under our vendor rebate programs. Our gross margins for Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016,2020 and Fiscal 20152019 were not materially affected by any changes to the terms of our vendor rebate programs, as the amounts we received under these programs were generally stable relative to our total net cost. We are not aware of any significant changes to vendor pricing or rebate programs that may impact our results in the near term.


In addition, we have pursued legal action against certain vendors and are currently involved in negotiations with other vendors regarding their past pricing practices. We have negotiated settlements with some of these vendors and may have additional settlements in future periods. These settlements are allocated to our segments based on the relative amount of affected vendor products sold by each segment. No such settlements were recorded in Fiscal 2020 or Fiscal 2019 that would have a material impact on product gross margins or affect comparability with product gross margin in Fiscal 2019 or Fiscal 2018. Pricing settlements benefited product gross margins in Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016, and Fiscal 20152018 by $80 million, $97 million, and $109 million, respectively.$68 million.


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Operating Expenses


The following table presents information regarding our operating expenses during each of the periods presented:


Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended

February 3, 2017 
 January 29, 2016


January 30, 2015January 31, 2020   February 1, 2019   February 2, 2018

Dollars
% of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars
% of
Net Revenue

%
Change

Dollars
% of
Net Revenue
Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue
 %
Change
 Dollars % of
Net Revenue


(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Operating expenses:


 

 

 













               
Selling, general, and administrative
$13,575
 22.0% 73% $7,850

15.4%
(5)%
$8,292

15.3%$21,319
 23.2% 3% $20,640
 22.7% 11% $18,569
 23.6%
Research, development, and engineering
2,636
 4.3% 151% 1,051

2.1%
14 %
920

1.7%
Research and development4,992
 5.4% 8% 4,604
 5.1% 5% 4,384
 5.5%
Total operating expenses
$16,211
 26.3% 82% $8,901

17.5%
(3)%
$9,212

17.0%$26,311
 28.6% 4% $25,244
 27.8% 10% $22,953
 29.1%




 

 

 













               
Other Financial Information


 

 

 













               
Non-GAAP operating expenses
$11,706
 18.6% 65% $7,082
 13.8% (3)% $7,309
 13.3%$21,415
 23.2% 6% $20,168
 22.1% 13% $17,896
 22.3%



Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


During Fiscal 2017, our2020, total operating expenses increased 82%. The increase in total operating expenses was4% primarily due to approximately $6.0 billionan increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses, partially offset by a decrease in amortization of incremental costs associated with the EMC acquired businesses, including transaction-related expenses. These transaction-related expenses include consulting and advisory services and retention payments.intangibles. Our operating expenses include the impact of purchase accounting, adjustments associated with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, amortization of intangible assets, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses. In aggregate, these items totaled $4.5$4.9 billion and $1.8$5.1 billion forin Fiscal 20172020 and Fiscal 2016,2019, respectively. Excluding these costs, total non-GAAP operating expenses increased 65% primarily due to the impact from the EMC acquired businesses.

Selling, General, and Administrative — Selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased 73% during Fiscal 2017. The increases in SG&A expenses were primarily driven by incremental costs associated with the EMC acquired businesses and also reflected the impact of our increased investment in sales capabilities and marketing costs.

Research and DevelopmentResearch and development ("R&D") expenses are primarily composed of personnel-related expenses related to product development. R&D expenses were approximately 4.3% and 2.1% of net revenue for Fiscal 20172020 increased 6%.

Selling, General, and Administrative — Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased 3% during Fiscal 2020. The increases in SG&A expenses were driven by investments in our go-to-market capabilities, including sales headcount, and higher performance-based compensation and commission costs. SG&A expenses also include Virtustream


59



non-cash gross impairment charges of $619 million and $190 million in Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2016,2019, respectively. TheThese increases were partially offset by a decrease in R&D expenses were attributable to the expansionamortization of our R&D capability through the EMC merger transaction. As our industry continues to change and as the needs of our customers evolve, we intend to support R&D initiatives to innovate and introduce new and enhanced solutions into the market.
intangibles.

Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) expenses are primarily composed of personnel-related expenses related to product development. R&D expenses as a percentage of net revenue for Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 were approximately 5.4% and 5.1%, respectively.  As our industry continues to change and as the needs of our customers evolve, we intend to support R&D initiatives to innovate and introduce new and enhanced solutions into the market.

We will continue to maintain cost discipline and focus on optimizing cost synergies resulting from the EMC merger transaction while investingmake targeted investments designed to enable growth, particularly in strategic areas such as our sales force, marketing, and R&D.&D, while balancing these investments with our efforts to drive cost efficiencies in the business. We also expect to continue to make investments in support of our own digital transformation to modernize and streamline our IT operations.


Fiscal 20162019 compared to Fiscal 20152018


During Fiscal 2016, our2019, total operating expenses increased 10%. Other corporate expenses included a goodwill impairment charge of approximately $190 million. In aggregate, the impact of purchase accounting, amortization of intangible assets, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses totaled $5.1 billion for both Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018. Excluding these costs, total non-GAAP operating expenses for Fiscal 2019 increased 13%. The increases in operating expenses and non-GAAP operating expenses both decreased 3%. were primarily due to an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses associated with our revenue growth and sales headcount.

Selling, General, and Administrative — Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased 11% during Fiscal 2019. The increases in SG&A expenses were primarily driven by investments in our go-to-market capabilities, including sales headcount, and higher performance-based compensation and commission costs, as well as a goodwill impairment charge of $190 million.

Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses are primarily composed of personnel-related expenses related to product development. R&D expenses as a percentage of net revenue for Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018 were approximately 5.1% and 5.5%, respectively. The decreases in R&D expenses as a percentage of net revenue were attributable to revenue growth that outpaced the scale of R&D investments.  As our industry continues to change and as the needs of our customers evolve, we intend to support R&D initiatives to innovate and introduce new and enhanced solutions into the market.

Operating Income/Loss

Fiscal 2020 compared to Fiscal 2019

During Fiscal 20162020, our operating income was $2.6 billion compared to an operating loss of $0.2 billion in Fiscal 2019 primarily due to lower component costs. The operating income we recognized for Fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to an increase in operating income for CSG and a decrease in amortization of intangible assets, partially offset by an increase in other corporate expenses, which primarily included Virtustream impairment charges.

Amortization of intangible assets and other corporate expenses that impacted operating income totaled $5.6 billion and $6.6 billion for Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2015, we recognized $1.72019, respectively. Excluding these costs, the impact of purchase accounting, stock-based compensation expense, and transaction-related expenses, our non-GAAP operating income increased 15% to $10.1 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively,during Fiscal 2020. The increase in non-GAAP operating income for Fiscal 2020 was primarily due to an increase in operating income for CSG.

Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

During Fiscal 2019, our operating loss decreased 92% to $191 million. The decrease in our operating loss for Fiscal 2019 was primarily attributable to a decrease in amortization of intangible assets and purchase accounting adjustments related to the going-private transaction.

Selling, General, and Administrative — SG&A expenses decreased 5% during Fiscal 2016. The decreases were driven by a reductionan increase in compensation expense, primarily dueoperating income for ISG and, to a decrease in performance-based compensation.
lesser extent, VMware.



Research and DevelopmentR&D expenses were 2.1% of net revenue for Fiscal 2016, compared to 1.7% for Fiscal 2015. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily related to personnel-related expenses as we continue to invest in product development.


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Operating Income/Loss

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016

Our operating loss was $3.3 billionAmortization of intangible assets and $0.5 billion during Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. The increase in operating loss was primarily attributable to higher operating expenses, partially offset by increases in gross margin. Our operating loss includes purchase accounting adjustments associated with the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction, amortization of intangible assets, transaction-related expenses, and other corporate expenses. In aggregate, these itemsthat impacted operating income totaled $8.4$7.0 billion and $2.7$8.5 billion for Fiscal 20172019 and Fiscal 2016,2018, respectively. Excluding these costs, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate expenses, non-GAAP operating income increased 130%14% to $5.1$8.9 billion during Fiscal 2017.2019. The increase in non-GAAP operating income for Fiscal 2019 was primarily attributabledue to an increase in gross margin, which was partially offset by higher operating expenses from the EMC acquired businesses.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015

During Fiscal 2016, operating loss was $0.5 billion, compared to $0.3 billion during Fiscal 2015. The increase in operating loss over the period was primarily attributable to the decrease in gross margin. Operating loss includes amortization of intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments associated with the going-private transaction, transaction-related expenses, and other corporate expenses of $2.7 billion and $3.1 billion for Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, respectively. Excluding these costs, during Fiscal 2016, non-GAAP operating income decreased 21%for ISG and, to an operating income of $2.2 billion. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower gross margin primarily driven by CSG, the effect of which was partially offset by a reduction in operating expenses.lesser extent, VMware.


Interest and Other, Net


The following table provides information regarding interest and other, net for each of the periods presented:

Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
 January 30,
2015
January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
(in millions)(in millions)
Interest and other, net: 
  
  
 
  
  
Investment income, primarily interest$102
 $39
 $47
$160
 $313
 $207
Gain (loss) on investments, net4
 (2) (29)
Gain (loss) on strategic investments, net194
 342
 72
Interest expense(1,751) (680) (807)(2,675) (2,488) (2,406)
Foreign exchange(77) (107) (76)(162) (206) (113)
Debt extinguishment(337)



Other(45) (22) (34)(143) (131) (113)
Total interest and other, net$(2,104) $(772) $(899)$(2,626) $(2,170) $(2,353)


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


During Fiscal 2017, changes2020, the change in interest and other, net werewas unfavorable by $1.3 billion,$456 million, primarily due to an increase inhigher interest expense fromon higher average debt balances fromand decreases in net gain on strategic investments and investment income. In connection with the Class V transaction, we incurred additional debt issuedand liquidated a significant amount of our investments to fund a portion of the cash consideration paid. This resulted in higher interest expense and lower investment income in Fiscal 2020. The effect of increased debt incurred in connection with the EMC mergerClass V transaction and to costs related towas offset in part by our repayment of approximately $5 billion principal amount of debt extinguishment associated with that transaction.during Fiscal 2020. See Note 83 and Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information regarding our debt.investments and debt, respectively.


Fiscal 20162019 compared to Fiscal 20152018


DuringIn Fiscal 2016, changes2019, we adopted the new accounting guidance for “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” on a prospective basis. As a result, we record in interest and other, net werechanges in the fair value of our publicly-traded strategic investments and changes in the value of our strategic investments without readily determinable fair values when adjusted to fair value upon observable price changes or impairment. During Fiscal 2019, the change in interest and other, net was favorable by $127$183 million, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense from lower average debt balances over the period.gains on strategic investments.






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Income and Other Taxes


Our effective income tax rates for continuing operationsrate benefits were 30.2%138325.0%, 7.6%, and 9.2%38.6% on pre-tax losses from continuing operations of $5.4 billion$4 million, $2,361 million, and $1.3 billion$4,769 million for Fiscal 20172020, Fiscal 2019, and Fiscal 2016,2018, respectively. The change in our effective income tax rate for Fiscal 2020 as compared to Fiscal 2019 was primarily driven by discrete tax items and a change in our jurisdictional mix of income. For Fiscal 2020, we had $5.5 billion in tax benefits on a loss before income taxes of $4 million. The change in our effective income tax rate for Fiscal 2019 as compared to Fiscal 2018 was primarily attributable to impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“U.S. Tax Reform”).

Our effective income tax rate in Fiscal 2020 includes $4.9 billion of discrete tax benefits from charges associated with the EMC merger transaction, including purchase accounting adjustments, interest charges, andrelated to intra-entity asset transfers, $351 million of discrete tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, expense, which were primarily incurred$305 million of discrete tax benefits related to an audit settlement, and $95 million of discrete tax benefits relating to Virtustream impairment charges discussed in higher tax jurisdictions. See Note 1 and Note 38 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this reportreport. In the first and second quarters of Fiscal 2020, we completed two intra-entity asset transfers of certain of our intellectual property to Irish subsidiaries, resulting in discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion. The tax benefit for more informationeach intra-entity asset transfer was recorded as a deferred tax asset in the period of


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transaction and represents the book and tax basis difference on the EMC merger transaction.transferred assets measured based on the applicable Irish statutory tax rate. The tax deductions for amortization of the assets will be recognized in the future and any amortization not deducted for tax purposes will be carried forward indefinitely under Irish Tax laws. We expect to be able to realize the deferred tax assets resulting from these intra-entity asset transfers. Our effective tax rate forin Fiscal 2017 also2019 includes an$154 million of discrete tax benefits resulting from the impact of our adoption of the new revenue standard under ASC 606 in the first quarter of Fiscal 2019.

U.S. Tax Reform was signed into law on December 22, 2017.  Among other things, U.S. Tax Reform lowers the U.S. corporate income tax benefitrate to 21% from 35%, establishes a modified territorial system requiring a mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, requires a minimum tax on certain future earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries while providing for future tax-free repatriation of earnings through a 100% dividends-received deduction, and places limitations on the deductibility of net interest expense. In December 2019, the U.S. Department of the Treasury released final and newly proposed regulations related to foreign tax credits and the base erosion anti-abuse tax, the impact of 5.5% relating towhich was not material. We anticipate that the settlementU.S. Department of anthe Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service audit forwill continue to issue regulatory guidance clarifying certain provisions of U.S. Tax Reform. When additional guidance is issued, we will recognize the related tax impact of our implementation of the guidance in the fiscal years 2004 through 2006.quarter of such issuance.


Our effective income tax rate can fluctuate depending on the geographic distribution of our world-wideworldwide earnings, as our foreign earnings are generally taxed at lower rates than in the United States. The differences between our effective income tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% principally result from the geographical distribution of income and differences between the book and tax treatment of certain items. In certain jurisdictions, our tax rate is significantly less than the applicable statutory rate as a result of tax holidays. The majority of our foreign income that is subject to these tax holidays and lower tax rates is attributable to Singapore, China, and Malaysia. Although aA significant portion of these income tax benefits relaterelates to a tax holiday that expired on December 31, 2016, we have negotiated new terms for the affected subsidiary. These new terms provide for a reduced income tax rate that will be effective for a 25-month bridge period expiring inuntil January 2019.31, 2029.  Our other tax holidays will expire in whole or in part during Fiscal 20192022 through Fiscal 2023.2030. Many of these tax holidays and reduced tax rates may be extended when certain conditions are met or may be terminated early if certain conditions are not met. The differences between our effectiveAs of January 31, 2020, we were not aware of any matters of noncompliance related to these tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% principally resulted from the geographical distribution of taxable income discussed above and permanent differences between the book and tax treatment of certain items.  We continue to assess our business model and its impact in various taxing jurisdictions.holidays.


For further discussion regarding tax matters, including the status of income tax audits, see Note 1411 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.


Net Income/Loss from Continuing Operations


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


During Fiscal 2017,2020, net loss from continuing operations increased 220%income was $5.5 billion, compared to a net loss of $3.7 billion.$2.2 billion in Fiscal 2019. The increase in net loss from continuing operations forincome we recognized during Fiscal 20172020 was primarily attributable to an increase in operating losstax benefit and, to an increase in interest and other, net expense. The effect of these factors was partially offset by an increase in tax benefit during the period. See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information regarding our effective tax rate.

Net loss from continuing operations for Fiscal 2017 included amortization of intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments, transaction-related expenses, and other corporate expenses. Excluding these costs, non-GAAP net income from continuing operations increased 155% to $2.7 billion during Fiscal 2017. The increase in non-GAAP net income from continuing operations during Fiscal 2017 was primarily attributable toa lesser extent, an increase in operating income, the effect of which was primarilypartially offset by an increase in interest and other, net expense.


Net income for Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015

During Fiscal 2016,2020 and net loss from continuing operations increased 5% to a net loss of $1.2 billion. Net loss from continuing operations for Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 20152019 included amortization of intangible assets, andthe impact of purchase accounting, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, other corporate expenses, fair value adjustments associated with the going-private transaction of $2.6 billionon equity investments, and $3.0 billion, respectively.discrete tax items. Excluding these costs as well as transaction-related expenses and other corporate expenses, during Fiscal 2016,the related tax impacts, non-GAAP net income from continuing operationsincreased 16% to $6.1 billion during Fiscal 2020. The increase in non-GAAP net income during Fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to an increase in operating income, which was partially offset by an increase in interest and other, net expense.

Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

During Fiscal 2019, net loss decreased 25% to a net income of $1.1$2.2 billion. The decrease in non-GAAP net income from continuing operations forloss during Fiscal 20162019 was primarily attributable to a decrease in non-GAAP operating income. The decrease in non-GAAP operating income from continuing operations was partially mitigated by the favorable impact ofloss and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in interest and other, net expense, which was partially offset by a decrease in tax benefit.

Excluding amortization of intangible assets, the impact of purchase accounting, transaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, other corporate expenses, fair value adjustments on equity investments, discrete tax items, and the related tax impacts, non-GAAP net income increased 20% to $5.2 billion during Fiscal 2019. The increase in non-GAAP net income during Fiscal 2019 was primarily attributable to an increase in operating income and a decrease in interest and other, net expense, which was partially offset by an increase in income tax expense. See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information regarding our effective tax rate.






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Non-controlling Interests


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


During Fiscal 2017, netNet income or loss attributable to the non-controlling interests was $46 million. Netconsisted of net income or loss attributable to theour non-controlling interest was primarily attributableinterests in VMware, Inc., Pivotal, and Secureworks. Subsequent to the net loss attributable toVMware, Inc.’s acquisition of the non-controlling interest in VMwarePivotal on December 30, 2019, we no longer have a separate non-controlling interest in Pivotal as of $41 million.January 31, 2020. During Fiscal 2016, Dell Technologies did not have any2020 and Fiscal 2019, net income attributable to non-controlling interests.interests was $913 million and $129 million, respectively. The increase in net income attributable to non-controlling interests in Fiscal 2020 was attributable to an increase in net income attributable to our non-controlling interest in VMware, Inc. For more information about our non-controlling interests, see Note 1613 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.


Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

During Fiscal 2019, net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $129 million, compared to a net loss attributable to non-controlling interests of $77 million during Fiscal 2018. Net income or loss attributable to non-controlling interests consisted of net income or loss attributable to our non-controlling interests in VMware, Inc., Pivotal, and Secureworks.

Net Income/Loss Attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


Net income or loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. represents net income or loss and an adjustment for non-controlling interests. Net income attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. was $4.6 billion in Fiscal 2020, compared to net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. of $2.3 billion in Fiscal 2019. The net income attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. we recognized during Fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to an increase in net income for the period.

Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. represents net income/loss from continuing and discontinued operations, and thean adjustment for non-controlling interests. DuringNet loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. was $2.3 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, during Fiscal 20172019 and Fiscal 2016,2018. The decrease in net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. during Fiscal 2019 was $1.7 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, which was dueprimarily attributable to an increasea decrease in net loss from continuing operations, offset partially by an increase in income from discontinued operations. For more information regarding our discontinued operations, see Note 4 offor the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.period.







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Business Unit Results


Our reportable segments are based on the following business units: Client Solutions Group, or CSG; Infrastructure Solutions Group, or ISG;ISG, CSG, and VMware. A description of our three business units is provided under "Introduction."“Introduction.” See Note 2219 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a reconciliation of net revenue and operating income by reportable segment to consolidated net revenue and consolidated operating income (loss), respectively.


Infrastructure Solutions Group:

The following table presents net revenue and operating income attributable to ISG for the respective periods:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 % Change February 1, 2019 % Change February 2, 2018
 (in millions, except percentages)
Net revenue:         
Servers and networking$17,127
 (14)% $19,953
 28% $15,533
Storage16,842
  % 16,767
 9% 15,384
Total ISG net revenue$33,969
 (7)% $36,720
 19% $30,917
          
Operating income:         
ISG operating income$4,001
 (4)% $4,151
 35% $3,068
% of segment net revenue11.8%   11.3%   9.9%

Fiscal 2020 compared to Fiscal 2019

Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2020, ISG net revenue decreased 7% primarily due to a decrease in sales of servers and networking. Revenue from servers and networking decreased 14% during Fiscal 2020, primarily driven by a decline in units sold of our PowerEdge servers due to a weaker demand environment. Certain competitive dynamics also contributed to lower server sales volumes, as we focused on profitability over net revenue growth. The decrease in ISG net revenue during Fiscal 2020 also reflected a decrease in average selling prices for servers due to competitive pressures in certain geographies, as well as component cost deflation.
Storage revenue remained flat during Fiscal 2020, with strong demand for hyper-converged products offset by softness in core storage. We continue to make go-to-market investments and enhancements to our storage solutions offerings and expect that these investments will drive long-term improvements in the business.

Component costs were deflationary in the aggregate for ISG during Fiscal 2020, and we continue to monitor our pricing in response to the changing cost environment. For Fiscal 2021, we expect an inflationary component cost environment, which may put pressure on ISG operating results, particularly in servers and networking.

We continue to see interest in flexible consumption models by our ISG customers as they seek to build greater flexibility into their cost structures. We generally provide these solutions under multi-year contracts that typically result in recognition of revenue over the term of the arrangement. We expect these flexible consumption models will further strengthen our customer relationships and will build more predictable revenue streams over time.

From a geographical perspective, net revenue attributable to ISG decreased in all regions during Fiscal 2020, with the largest decline in APJ. The decrease in ISG revenue in APJ was driven by a weaker demand environment, particularly in China, which we expect to continue into Fiscal 2021.

Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2020, ISG operating income as a percentage of net revenue increased 50 basis points to 11.8% due to an increase in ISG gross margin percentage resulting from the deflationary cost environment which benefited servers, as discussed above. The increase in ISG operating margins was offset by an increase in ISG operating expenses as a percentage of ISG net revenue due to investments we made in our go-to-market capabilities to serve the needs of our customers.


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Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2019, ISG net revenue increased 19% primarily due to an increase in sales of servers and networking as well as an increase in sales of storage. Revenue from servers and networking increased 28% during Fiscal 2019, driven by an increase in both average selling price and units sold of our PowerEdge servers. Average selling prices increased due to the sale of servers with more robust compute capacity and higher memory and storage content, which was driven by customer demand for servers that enable big data analytics and software-defined storage solutions, including hyper-converged infrastructure, as well as increased component costs during the first half of Fiscal 2019. Storage revenue increased 9% during Fiscal 2019 due to strong growth in our network-attached storage and object storage solutions. Although component costs were inflationary during the first half of Fiscal 2019, they were slightly deflationary in the aggregate for ISG during the second half of Fiscal 2019.

From a geographical perspective, net revenue attributable to ISG increased across all regions during Fiscal 2019.

Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2019, ISG operating income as a percentage of net revenue increased 140 basis points to 11.3% primarily due to a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by a decrease in ISG gross margin percentage. Revenue growth outpaced our investments in go-to-market capabilities and solutions offerings, and, as a result, operating expenses decreased as a percentage of revenue. We experienced gross margin pressure due to a shift in product mix to servers, which typically have a lower gross margin than storage products.

Client Solutions Group:


The following table presents net revenue and operating income attributable to CSG for the respective periods:

Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended

February 3, 2017 % Change January 29, 2016 % Change January 30, 2015January 31, 2020 % Change February 1, 2019 % Change February 2, 2018
(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Net Revenue (a):         
Net revenue:         
Commercial$26,006
 1% $25,747
 (10)% $28,754
$34,277
 11 % $30,893
 12 % $27,507
Consumer10,748
 6% 10,130
 (7)% 10,880
11,561
 (6)% 12,303
 5 % 11,711
Total CSG net revenue$36,754
 2% $35,877
 (9)% $39,634
$45,838
 6 % $43,196
 10 % $39,218
                  
Operating Income:         
Operating income:         
CSG operating income$1,845
 31% $1,410
 (31)% $2,051
$3,138
 60 % $1,960
 (4)% $2,044
% of segment net revenue5.0% 
 3.9% 
 5.2%6.8%   4.5%   5.2%
____________________
(a)In the first quarter of Fiscal 2017, we redefined the categories within the CSG business unit. None of these changes impacted our consolidated or total business unit results. Prior period amounts have been recast to provide comparability.


Fiscal 20172020 compared to Fiscal 20162019


Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2017,2020, CSG net revenue increased 2%6% primarily driven by the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system refresh cycle, combined with strong execution by the business. Although we expect continued strong CSG demand into the early part of Fiscal 2021, we expect overall CSG demand will decelerate in Fiscal 2021 as the Windows 10 refresh cycle winds down.

During Fiscal 2020, commercial net revenue increased 11% due to continued strong demand for our commercial products across all product categories. Consumer net revenue decreased 6%, due to lower demand as we continue to focus on commercial and higher-end consumer products. The decline in consumer demand was partially offset by an increase in both commercial and consumer net revenue. Commercial net revenue benefited from an increase in volume of premium notebook and workstation units sold, partially offset by a decrease in overall average selling prices. The increase in consumer net revenue was driven by an increase in the volume of notebook units sold, which also was partially offset by a decrease in overall average selling prices. The increase in volume of commercial and consumer notebooks sold was attributable to an overall improvement in customer demand. Both commercial and consumer businesses experienced a decrease in overall average selling prices asin all consumer product categories in Fiscal 2020.

The aggregate CSG component cost environment was deflationary in Fiscal 2020, but for Fiscal 2021, we strategically managed our pricing position given competitive conditions and the favorablecurrently expect an inflationary component cost environment.environment, which will put pressure on CSG operating results.




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From a geographical perspective, net revenue attributable to CSG increased in the Americas, EMEA, and APJ increased during Fiscal 2017, while net revenue in EMEA was unchanged.2020.


Operating Income During Fiscal 2017,2020, CSG operating income as a percentage of net revenue increased 110230 basis points to 5.0%6.8%. ThisThe increase was driven by improvement in ourprimarily due to lower component costs that positively impacted CSG gross margin percentage, which was principally the result of a favorable cost position and a richershift in product mix of premium notebooks and workstations.to higher-margin product offerings.


Fiscal 20162019 compared to Fiscal 20152018


Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2016,2019, CSG experienced a 9% decrease in net revenue increased 10% due to lowercontinued strong demand for our commercial products and overall higher average selling prices driven by an increase in consumer sales. Commercial net revenue increased 12%, driven primarily by increased demand across all product categories. Consumer net revenue increased 5%, driven primarily by a shift in product mix to our high-end notebooks. During Fiscal 2019, we effectively managed our pricing in response to supply chain dynamics, geographical mix, foreign currency exchange fluctuations, and the component cost environment. The aggregate CSG product categories coupled with competitive pricing pressure. The declinecomponent cost environment was deflationary in commercial and consumer revenue reflected decreased demand for desktops and notebooks, which was magnified by our product mix. Product revenue forthe second half of Fiscal 2016 did not benefit from the positive effects of the Windows XP refresh that contributed to product revenue in Fiscal 2015. 2019.

From a geographical perspective, net revenue attributable to CSG decreasedincreased across all regions during Fiscal 2016, with revenue from the Americas and EMEA accounting for most of the decline.2019.


Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2016, operating income as a percentage of revenue attributable to2019, CSG decreased 130 basis points to 3.9%. This decline was driven by both a decrease in our gross margin percentage and an increase in our operating


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expense percentage. The decline in our gross margin percentage was a result of challenging economic conditions, competitive pressures, and a strong U.S. dollar that all impacted our ability to adjust pricing accordingly. Despite this challenging environment, we made investments in our sales force to enhance efficiency and drive growth in future periods. As a result of this investment and strategic R&D investments, operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased over the period.

Infrastructure Solutions Group:

The following table presents net revenue and operating income attributable to ISG for the respective periods:

Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017
% Change
January 29, 2016
% Change
January 30, 2015

(in millions, except percentages)
Net Revenue:
 
 
 
 
Servers and networking$12,834
 1% $12,761
 3 % $12,368
Storage8,942
 303% 2,217
 (5)% 2,346
Total ISG net revenue$21,776
 45% $14,978
 2 % $14,714
          
Operating Income:         
ISG operating income$2,393
 127% $1,052
 (14)% $1,230
% of segment net revenue11.0%   7.0%   8.4%

Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016

Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2017, ISG net revenue increased 45% due to incremental net revenue associated with the EMC acquired storage business, which caused storage revenue to increase 303%. Revenue from servers and networking was relatively unchanged over the period, resulting from the offsetting dynamics of an increase in average selling prices due to a shift to PowerEdge servers with richer configurations, as well as to a decline in volume of PowerEdge units, as customer demand has shifted to cloud and hyperscale servers, which generally have a lower average selling price.

From a geographical perspective, during Fiscal 2017, ISG net revenue increased in all regions due to the incremental revenue from the EMC acquired storage business. The EMC acquired storage business operates on a world-wide basis with a geographic mix similar to that of the legacy Dell ISG business.

Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2017, ISG operating income as a percentage of net revenue increased 400decreased 70 basis points to 11.0%4.5%. The increase in ISG operating income percentage was primarily driven by the favorable impact of higher gross margin percentages and operating income percentages from the EMC acquired businesses. The gross margin percentage for the legacy Dell ISG business was relatively flat over the period.

Fiscal 2016 compared to Fiscal 2015

Net RevenueDuring Fiscal 2016, ISG net revenue increased 2% primarily due to a 3% increase in net revenue from servers and networking. PowerEdge server average selling prices increased due to a shift to products with richer configurations, while overall units remained relatively flat. The increase in net revenue from servers and networking was partially offset by a 5% decrease in storage revenue. From a geographical perspective, during Fiscal 2016, the overall increase in ISG net revenue was primarily due to increasedhigher component costs during the first half of Fiscal 2019 that negatively impacted CSG gross margin and to increases in CSG operating expense as a percentage of revenue resulting from higher performance-driven commission costs and marketing expense related to our net revenue growth. In addition, the decline in APJ.

Operating IncomeDuring CSG operating income as a percentage of revenue during Fiscal 2016, ISG2019 was partially attributable to a $68 million vendor settlement benefit recorded during Fiscal 2018, which added an incremental 20 basis points to our operating income percentage in the prior period that did not recur. Excluding the effect of this vendor settlement, CSG operating income as a percentage of revenue decreased 14050 basis points to 7.0%. The decrease in our operating income percentage was driven by lower gross margin percentages. These declines were primarily driven by challenging pricing dynamics, including competitive pressures and the strong U.S. dollar. These challenging economic conditions affected our ability to raise prices sufficiently to offset the higher costs associated with the shift to products with richer configurations.during Fiscal 2019.



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VMware:


The following table presents net revenue and operating income attributable to VMware for the respective periods:

periods. During Fiscal 2020, the Company reclassified Pivotal operating results from other businesses to the VMware reportable segment. Prior period results have been recast to conform with current period presentation.

Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended

February 3, 2017
% Change
January 29, 2016
% Change
January 30, 2015January 31, 2020 % Change February 1, 2019 % Change February 2, 2018

(in millions, except percentages)(in millions, except percentages)
Net Revenue:




Net revenue:         
VMware net revenue$3,225

NA
$

NA
$
$10,905
 12% $9,741
 15% $8,485










         
Operating Income:








Operating income:         
VMware operating income$1,113

NA
$

NA
$
$3,081
 5% $2,926
 10% $2,671
% of segment net revenue34.5%
NA
NA28.3%   30.0%   31.5%



Fiscal 2020 compared to Fiscal 2019

Net Revenue VMware net revenue, during Fiscal 2017 represents revenue from the EMC merger transaction dateinclusive of September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017. VMware net revenue for Fiscal 2017Pivotal, primarily consists of revenue from the sale of software licenses under perpetual licenses for subscriptions and SaaS, related software maintenance services, and support, training, consulting services, and hosted services. VMware net revenue during Fiscal 2020 increased 12% primarily due to growth in subscriptions and SaaS, as well as an increase in sales of software maintenance services. Software maintenance revenue benefited from strong renewals of VMware enterprise agreements, revenue recognized from maintenance contracts sold in prior periods, and additional maintenance contracts sold in conjunction with new software license sales.




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From a geographical perspective, approximately half of VMware net revenue during Fiscal 20172020 was generated fromby sales to customers in the United States. VMware net revenue for Fiscal 2020 was positively affected by growth across U.S. and international markets.


Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2017,2020, VMware operating income as a percentage of net revenue decreased 170 basis points to 28.3%. The decrease was 34.5%driven by an increase in operating expenses as a percentage of net revenue as the result of an increase in compensation-related expense associated with sales and sales support, primarily due to increased headcount, as well as to an increase in R&D expenses.

Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018

Net Revenue VMware net revenue during Fiscal 2017. The2019 increased 15% primarily due to growth in subscription and SaaS software license revenue and sales of software maintenance services. Software license revenue benefited from broad-based growth across the product portfolio. Software maintenance revenue benefited from strong renewals, revenue recognized from maintenance contracts sold in prior periods, and new maintenance contracts sold during the period.

From a geographical perspective, approximately half of VMware net revenue during Fiscal 2019 was generated by sales to customers in the United States. VMware net revenue for Fiscal 2019 benefited from growth across U.S. and international markets.

Operating IncomeDuring Fiscal 2019, VMware operating income as a percentage during Fiscal 2017of net revenue decreased 150 basis points to 30.0%. The decrease was impacteddriven by the timingan increase in operating expenses as a percentage of the completion of the EMC merger transaction.revenue due to an increase in compensation-related expense associated with sales and sales support, which reflected increased performance-driven commission costs and headcount, as well as to an increase in R&D expenses.






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OTHER BALANCE SHEET ITEMS

Accounts Receivable


We sell products and services directly to customers and through a variety ofother sales channels, including retail distribution.such as value-added resellers, system integrators, distributors, and retailers. Our accounts receivable, net, was $9.4$12.5 billion and $4.9$12.4 billion as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, respectively. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to cover receivables that may be deemed uncollectible. The allowance for losses is based on a provision for accounts that are collectively evaluated based on historical bad debt experience as well as specific identifiable customer accounts that are deemed at risk. As of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $46$94 million and $36$85 million, respectively. Based on our assessment, we believe that we are adequately reserved for expected credit losses. We monitor the aging of our accounts receivable and continue to take actions to reduce our exposure to credit losses.


Dell Financial Services and Financing Receivables


Dell Financial Services referred to asand its affiliates (“DFS”) support Dell Technologies by offering and arranging various financing options and services for our customers globally, including through captive financing operations in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. DFS offers a wide range of financialoriginates, collects, and services including originating, collecting, and servicing customer receivables primarily related to the purchase of Dell products. Followingour product, software, and service solutions. DFS further strengthens our customer relationships through its flexible consumption models, which enable us to offer our customers the closing of the EMC merger transaction, DFS began offering similaroption to pay over time and, in certain cases, based on utilization, to provide them with financial services relatedflexibility to the purchase of Dell EMC and VMware products. In some cases, we originate financing activities for our commercial customers related to the purchase of third-party technology products that complement our portfolio of products and services.meet their changing technological requirements. New financing originations which represent the amounts of financing provided by DFS to customers for equipmentwere $8.5 billion, $7.3 billion, and related software and services, including third-party originations, were $4.5$6.3 billion for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017Fiscal 2020, Fiscal 2019, and $3.7 billion for both fiscal years ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015. Fiscal 2018, respectively.

As of February 3, 20172, 2019, we adopted the new lease standard discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. The adoption of the new lease standard did not result in a change to leases that commenced prior to adoption. For new leases that commenced subsequent to the adoption of the new lease standard, we account for the leases as sales-type leases, direct financing leases, or operating leases depending on lease classification guidance. Amounts due from lessees under sales-type leases or direct financing leases are recorded as part of financing receivables, with interest income recognized over the contract term. On commencement of sales-type leases, we typically qualify for up-front revenue recognition. On originations of operating leases, we record equipment under operating leases, classified as property, plant, and equipment, and recognize rental revenue and depreciation expense, classified as cost of net revenue, over the contract term. Direct financing leases under the new lease standard are immaterial.

As of January 29, 2016,31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, our financing receivables, net were $5.9$9.7 billion and $5.1$8.6 billion respectively.

We have securitization programs to fund revolving loans and fixed-term leases and loans through consolidated special purpose entities, referred to as SPEs, which we account for as secured borrowings. We transfer certain U.S. and European customer financing receivables to these SPEs, whose purpose is to facilitate the funding of customer receivables through financing arrangements with multi-seller conduits that issue asset-backed debt securities in the capital markets and to private investors. During Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, we transferred $3.3 billion and $3.2 billion to these SPEs, respectively. The structured financing debt related to all of our securitization programs included as secured borrowing was $3.1 billion and $2.8 billion as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively. In addition, the carrying amount of the corresponding financing receivables was $3.6 billion and $3.3 billion as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively. As a result of the EMC merger transaction, we plan to expand our existing securitization programs to allow for additional funding of customer receivables in the capital markets.
, respectively.We maintain an allowance to cover expected financing receivable credit losses and evaluate credit loss expectations based on our total portfolio. For the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,Fiscal 2020, Fiscal 2019, and January 30, 2015,Fiscal 2018, the principal charge-off rate for our total portfolio was 2.0%1.0%, 2.5%1.2%, and 2.9%1.5%, respectively. The credit quality of our financing receivables has improved in recent years due to an overall improvement in the credit environment and as the mix of high-quality commercial accounts in our portfolio has increased. The allowance for losses is determined based on various factors, including historical and anticipated experience, past due receivables, receivable type, and customer risk profile. At February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, the allowance for financing receivable losses was $143 million and $176 million, respectively. In general, the loss rates on our financing receivables have improved over the periods presented.  We expect relatively stable loss rates in future periods, with movements in these rates being primarily driven by seasonality and a continued shift in portfolio composition to lower risk commercial assets.increase. We continue to monitor broader economic indicators and their potential impact on future loss performance. We have an extensive process to manage our exposure to customer credit risk, including active management of credit lines and our collection activities. We also sell selected fixed-term financing receivables to unrelated third parties on a periodic basis, primarily to manage certain concentrations of customer credit exposure.  Based on our assessment of the customer financing receivables, we believe that we are adequately reserved.

We retain a residual interest in equipment leased under our lease programs. As of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, the residual interest recorded as part of financing receivables was $582 million and $674 million, respectively. The amount of the residual interest is established at the inception of the lease based upon estimates of the value of the equipment at the end of the lease term using historical studies, industry data, and future value-at-risk demand valuation methods. On a quarterly basis, we assess the carrying amount of our recorded residual values for impairment. Generally, residual value risk on equipment under lease is not considered to be significant, because of the existence of a secondary market with respect to the equipment. The lease agreement also clearly defines applicable return conditions and remedies for non-compliance, to ensure that the leased equipment will be in good operating condition upon return. Model changes and updates, as well as market strength and product acceptance, are monitored and adjustments are made to residual values in accordance with the significance of any such changes. Our remarketing sales staff works closely with customers and dealers to manage the sale of lease returns and the recovery of residual exposure. No impairment losses were recorded related to residual assets during Fiscal 2020.



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Equipment under operating leases, net was $840 million as of January 31, 2020 and was immaterial as of February 1, 2019. The increase in equipment under operating leases, net is due to our adoption of the new lease standard and the elimination of the third-party residual value guarantee insurance in the lease classification test for sales-type leases. Based on triggering events, we assess the carrying amount of the equipment under operating leases recorded for impairment. No material impairment losses were recorded related to such equipment during Fiscal 2020.

DFS offerings are initially funded through cash on hand at the time of origination, most of which is subsequently replaced with third-party financing. For DFS offerings which qualify as sales-type leases, the initial funding of financing receivables is reflected as an impact to cash flows from operations, and is largely subsequently offset by cash proceeds from financing. For DFS operating leases, which have increased in Fiscal 2020 with the adoption of the new leasing standard, the initial funding is classified as a capital expenditure and reflected as an impact to cash flows used in investing activities.
See Note 74 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information about our financing receivables and the associated allowance.allowances.



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Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is recorded when billings have been generated or payments have been received for undelivered products or services, or in situations where revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services, software maintenance, unearned license fees, and deferred profit on third-party software offerings. Deferred revenue is recognized on these items when the revenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. We also have deferred revenue related to undelivered hardware and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized as our obligations under the contract are completed.

Our total deferred revenue was $18.7 billion and $7.7 billion as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively, and increased $11.0 billion, or 143%, over that period. This increase was primarily attributable to the deferred revenue assumed in the EMC merger transaction, which was recorded at its fair value of $8.4 billion. The increase was also attributable to the overall revenue growth driven by the expansion of our business as a result of the EMC merger transaction. A majority of deferred revenue as of February 3, 2017 is expected to be recognized over the next two years. See Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information on the EMC merger transaction.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.





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MARKET CONDITIONS, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL COMMITMENTS, AND CONTRACTUAL CASH OBLIGATIONS


Market Conditions


We regularly monitor economic conditions and associated impacts on the financial markets and our business. We consistently evaluate the financial health of our supplier base, carefully manage customer credit, diversify counterparty risk, and monitor the concentration risk of our cash and cash equivalents balances globally. We routinely monitor our financial exposure to borrowers and counterparties.


We monitor credit risk associated with our financial counterparties using various market credit risk indicators such as credit ratings issued by nationally recognized credit rating agencies and changes in market credit default swap levels. We perform periodic evaluations of our positions with these counterparties and may limit exposure to any one counterparty in accordance with our policies. We monitor and manage these activities depending on current and expected market developments.


We use derivative instruments to hedge certain foreign currency exposures. We use forward contracts and purchased options designated as cash flow hedges to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in our forecasted transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.Dollar.  In addition, we primarily use forward contracts and may use purchased options to hedge monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency.  See Note 97 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our use of derivative instruments.


We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our variable-rate debt portfolio. In the normal course of business, we follow established policies and procedures to manage this risk, including monitoring of our asset and liability mix. As a result, we do not anticipate any material losses from interest rate risk.

The impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report of any credit adjustments related to our use of counterparties has beenon our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report is immaterial.


Liquidity and Capital Resources


To support our ongoing business operations, we rely on operating cash flows as our primary source of liquidity. We monitor the efficiency of our balance sheet to ensure that we have adequate liquidity to support our strategic initiatives. In addition to internally generated cash, we have access to otherother capital sources to finance our strategic initiatives and fund growth in our financing operations, as evidenced by our actions to raise capital for the EMC merger transaction. Further, we completed three strategic divestitures during Fiscal 2017. We used the net proceeds from those divestitures to pay down a portion of the EMC merger transaction financing. For more information on repayment of this debt, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.operations. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, we had $9.5had $9.3 billion of total cash and cash equivalents, the majority of which was held outside of the United States.equivalents. Our strategy is to deploy capital from any potential source, whether internally generated cash or debt, depending on the adequacy and availability of that source of capital and whether it can be accessed in a cost-effective manner.

During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019, as discussed above in “Introduction — Class V Transaction,” we completed a transaction in which all issued and outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock were exchanged for cash or shares of Class C Common Stock at the stockholder’s election. We made available $3.0paid a total of $14 billion of cash on handto holders of Class V Common Stock. To fund a majority of the cash payment to stockholders, VMware, Inc. declared a $11 billion one-time special cash dividend (the “Special Dividend”), which was paid pro-rata to VMware, Inc. stockholders as of the dividend record date of December 27, 2018 and in connection with the completion of the Class V transaction. Our cash, cash equivalents, and investments declined significantly, commensurate with the cash required to fund this transaction.

We funded a majority of the cash consideration paid in the Class V transaction from legacy Dell entities and $4.8the $8.87 billion of cash on hand from legacy EMC entities to consummate the EMC merger transaction, some of which was repatriated from foreign jurisdictions.  We did not incur material tax or other material costs as a resultproceeds of the repatriation.

A significant portionSpecial Dividend. The remaining amount of the cash consideration was primarily funded with $3.67 billion of proceeds from new senior secured term loans under our income is earnedsenior secured credit facilities and proceeds of a margin loan financing in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Under current law, earnings available to be repatriatedan aggregate principal amount of $1.35 billion. See Note 6 of the Notes to the United States would be subjectConsolidated Financial Statements included in this report for information about the debt we incurred to U.S. federal income tax, less applicable foreign tax credits. We have provided forfinance the U.S. federal tax liability on these amounts for financial statement purposes, except for foreign earnings that are considered permanently reinvested outside of the United States. We utilize a variety of tax planning and financing strategies with the objective of having our worldwide cash available in the locations where it is needed.Class V transaction.






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The following table summarizespresents our cash and cash equivalents as well as our available borrowings as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
(in millions)(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowings:      
Cash and cash equivalents (a)$9,474
 $6,322
$9,302
 $9,676
Remaining available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility2,678
 
Remaining available borrowings under the asset-backed credit line ("ABL Credit Facility")
 1,676
Remaining available borrowings under revolving credit facilities5,972
 5,586
Total cash, cash equivalents, and available borrowings$12,152
 $7,998
$15,274
 $15,262
______________________________________
(a) Of the $9.5
(a)Of the $9.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents as of January 31, 2020, $2.9 billion was held by VMware, Inc.

Our revolving credit facilities as of February 3, 2017, $3.2 billion was held by VMware.

At the closing of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016, we entered intoJanuary 31, 2020 include the Revolving Credit Facility and terminated the ABLChina Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility and the China Revolving Credit Facility have maximum aggregate borrowings of $4.5 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively. Available borrowings under these facilities are reduced by draws on the facility and, under the Revolving Credit Facility, outstanding letters of credit. As of January 31, 2020, there were no borrowings outstanding under the facilities and remaining available borrowings totaled approximately $5.0 billion. We may regularly use our available borrowings from our Revolving Credit Facility on a short-term basis for general corporate purposes.

In March 2020, we drew $3.0 billion under the Revolving Credit Facility, with the majority of the proceeds held as cash and cash equivalents. We increased our borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility as a precautionary measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current disruption and uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the outbreak of COVID-19.

Subsequent to January 31, 2020, upon the expiration of the China Revolving Credit Facility in February 2020, the facility terminated.

The VMware Revolving Credit Facility has maximum aggregate borrowings of approximately $3.2$1.0 billion. AvailableAs of January 31, 2020, $1.0 billion was available under the VMware Revolving Credit Facility. The VMware Term Loan Facility has a borrowing capacity of up to $2.0 billion. VMware, Inc. may borrow against the VMware Term Loan Facility two times up to its borrowing capacity of $2.0 billion until February 7, 2020. As of January 31, 2020, borrowings under the facility were $1.5 billion, with no remaining amount available for additional borrowings. None of the net proceeds of such borrowings are made available to support the operations or satisfy any corporate purposes of Dell Technologies, other than the operations and corporate purposes of VMware, Inc. and VMware, Inc.’s subsidiaries.

The Pivotal Revolving Credit Facility are reduced by draws onhad maximum aggregate borrowings of $100 million and was terminated during Fiscal 2020.

See Note 6 of the facility as well as by outstanding lettersNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information about each of credit. As of February 3, 2017, remaining available borrowings under this facility totaled approximately $2.7 billion.the foregoing revolving credit facilities.


We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, alongtogether with cash that will be provided by future operations and expected borrowings expected to be available under the Revolving Credit Facility,our revolving credit facilities, will be sufficient over at least the next twelve months to fund our operations, debt service requirements and maturities, capital expenditures, share repurchases, and debt service requirements.other corporate needs.




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Debt


The following table summarizespresents our outstanding debt as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
 February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
 (in millions)
Outstanding Debt:   
Term loan facilities and Senior First Lien Notes issued in connection with going-private transaction$
 $7,623
Unsecured notes and debentures issued prior to going-private transaction2,453
 2,853
Structured financing debt3,464
 3,411
Senior Secured Credit Facilities and First Lien Notes issued in connection with EMC merger transaction31,638
 
Senior Notes issued in connection with EMC merger transaction3,250
 
Existing EMC notes outstanding after the EMC merger transaction ("EMC Notes")5,500
 
Bridge facilities issued in connection with EMC merger transaction4,000
 
Other51
 93
Total debt, principal amount50,356
 13,980
Carrying value adjustments(966) (349)
Total debt, carrying value$49,390
 $13,631
 January 31, 2020 Increase (Decrease) February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Core debt     
Senior Secured Credit Facilities and First Lien Notes$29,664
 $(3,056) $32,720
Unsecured Notes and Debentures1,352
 (600) 1,952
Senior Notes2,700
 (550) 3,250
EMC Notes1,600
 (1,400) 3,000
DFS allocated debt(1,495) 120
 (1,615)
Total core debt33,821
 (5,486) 39,307
DFS related debt     
DFS debt7,765
 1,836
 5,929
DFS allocated debt1,495
 (120) 1,615
Total DFS related debt9,260
 1,716
 7,544
Margin Loan Facility and other4,024
 636
 3,388
Debt of public subsidiary     
VMware Notes4,000
 
 4,000
VMware Term Loan Facility1,500
 1,500
 
Other60
 60
 
Total public subsidiary debt5,560
 1,560
 4,000
Total debt, principal amount52,665
 (1,574) 54,239
Carrying value adjustments(609) 109
 (718)
Total debt, carrying value$52,056
 $(1,465) $53,521


To financeDuring Fiscal 2020, the EMC merger transaction, we issued an aggregateoutstanding principal amount of $45.9our debt decreased by $1.6 billion in newto $52.7 billion as of January 31, 2020.

During Fiscal 2020, core debt which included proceeds fromdecreased by $5.5 billion to $33.8 billion as of January 31, 2020. We define core debt as the sale of the First Lien Notes and Senior Notes, as well as borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities (including the Revolving Credit Facility), the Asset Sale Bridge Facility, the Margin Bridge Facility, and the VMware Bridge Facility at the closing of the transaction. Additionally, on September 7, 2016, EMC had outstanding senior notes (the "EMC Notes") consisting of $2.5 billion aggregatetotal principal amount of its 1.875% Notes due June 2018, $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 2.650% Notes due June 2020 and $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 3.375% Notes due June 2023. The EMC Notes remain outstanding following the closing of the EMC merger transaction.


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Upon the closing of the EMC merger transaction, we repaid and terminated the ABL Creditour debt, less DFS related debt, our Margin Loan Facility and the Term Loan Facilities obtainedother debt, and public subsidiary debt. The decrease in connection with the going-private transaction and redeemed the Senior First Lien Notes issued in connection with the going-private transaction. During Fiscal 2017, subsequent to the closing of the EMC merger transaction, we repaid $2.2 billion principal amount of the Asset Sale Bridge Facility, $3.1 billion principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility, and $1.6 billion of the Revolving Credit Facility. Further, during Fiscal 2017, we repaid $0.4 billion of maturing unsecured notes and debentures issued prior to the going-private transaction.

Our requirements for cash to pay principal and interest have increased significantlycore debt was primarily due to the borrowings that were required to finance the EMC merger transaction. We expect the increased cash flows from the combined businesses will be sufficient to meet these requirements. We or our affiliates, at our or their sole discretion, may purchase, redeem, prepay, refinance, or otherwise retire our outstanding indebtedness under the terms of such indebtedness, in open market or negotiated transactions with the holders of such indebtedness, or otherwise.

We balance the use of our securitization programs with working capital and other sources of liquidity to fund growth in our global financial services business. Of the $50.4 billion in outstanding principal debt as of February 3, 2017, $5.1 billion, which includes $3.5 billion in structured financing debt, is used to fund this business.

deleveraging efforts. See Note 86 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our debt.


During Fiscal 2020, we issued an additional $1.8 billion, net, in DFS debt to support the expansion of its financing receivables portfolio. DFS related debt primarily represents debt from our securitization and structured financing programs. The majority of DFS debt is non-recourse to Dell Technologies and represents borrowings under securitization programs and structured financing programs, for which our risk of loss is limited to transferred lease and loan payments and associated equipment, and the credit holders under these programs have no recourse to Dell Technologies.

To fund expansion of the DFS business, we balance the use of the securitization and structured financing programs with other sources of liquidity. We approximate the amount of our debt used to fund the DFS business by applying a 7:1 debt to equity ratio to the sum of our financing receivables balance and equipment under our DFS operating leases, net. The debt to equity ratio is based on the underlying credit quality of the assets. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our DFS debt.

As of January 31, 2020, margin loan and other debt primarily consisted of the $4.0 billion Margin Loan Facility. We amended the Margin Loan Facility during the first quarter of Fiscal 2020, and increased the principal amount of the facility by $650 million to $4.0 billion. As of February 1, 2019, margin loan and other debt primarily consisted of the $3.4 billion Margin Loan Facility.


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Public subsidiary debt represents VMware, Inc. indebtedness. During Fiscal 2020, VMware, Inc. entered into a senior unsecured term loan facility described above. As of January 31, 2020, borrowings under the facility were $1.5 billion. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about VMware, Inc. debt.

VMware, Inc. and its respective subsidiaries are unrestricted subsidiaries for purposes of the core debt of Dell Technologies.  Neither Dell Technologies nor any of its subsidiaries, other than VMware, Inc., is obligated to make payment on the VMware Notes or the VMware Term Loan Facility.  None of the net proceeds of the VMware Notes or the VMware Term Loan Facility are made available to support the operations or satisfy any corporate purposes of Dell Technologies, other than the operations and corporate purposes of VMware, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our requirements for cash to pay principal and interest on our debt increased significantly due to the borrowings we incurred to finance the EMC merger transaction, and to a lesser extent, the Class V transaction. We have made good progress in paying down core debt since the EMC merger transaction. We believe we will continue to be able to make our debt principal and interest payments, including the short-term maturities, from existing and expected sources of cash, primarily from operating cash flows. Cash used for debt principal and interest payments may include short-term borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. We will continue to focus on paying down core debt. Under our variable-rate debt, we could experience variations in our future interest expense from potential fluctuations in LIBOR, or from possible fluctuations in the level of DFS debt required to meet future demand for customer financing. We or our affiliates or their related persons, at our or their sole discretion, may purchase, redeem, prepay, refinance, or otherwise retire any amount of our outstanding indebtedness under the terms of such indebtedness at any time and from time to time, in open market or negotiated transactions with the holders of such indebtedness or otherwise, as appropriate market conditions exist.

Cash Flows


The following table containspresents a summary of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the respective periods:periods indicated:
Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
 January 30,
2015
January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
(in millions)(in millions)
Net change in cash from: 
    
     
Operating activities$2,222
 $2,162
 $2,551
$9,291
 $6,991
 $6,843
Investing activities(31,256) (321) (355)(4,686) 3,389
 (2,875)
Financing activities31,908
 (496) (3,094)(4,604) (14,329) 403
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents24
 (167) (153)
Change in cash and cash equivalents$2,898
 $1,178
 $(1,051)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(90) (189) 175
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$(89) $(4,138) $4,546


Operating Activities — CashCash provided by operating activities was $2.2$9.3 billion forand $7.0 billion during Fiscal 2017. Strong2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. The increase in operating cash flows were primarilyduring Fiscal 2020 was attributable improved profitability and working capital discipline. During Fiscal 2019, we experienced supply chain dynamics that temporarily increased our inventory and negatively impacted working capital. These dynamics normalized in Fiscal 2020 with a resulting decrease to profitable operations, particularly in the EMC acquired businesses. The favorableinventory and beneficial impact of this profitability was partially offset by the cash used for transaction-related expenses.to our working capital.


Cash provided by operating activities was $2.2$7.0 billion forand $6.8 billion during Fiscal 20162019 and $2.6 billion for Fiscal 2015.2018, respectively. The declineincrease in operating cash flows during Fiscal 20162019 was attributable to business growth, which drove higher deferred revenue and improved profitability due to a declineproduct mix and higher average selling prices, partially offset by an increase in profitabilityinventory.

DFS offerings are initially funded through cash on hand at the time of origination, most of which is subsequently replaced with third-party financing. For DFS offerings which qualify as sales-type leases, the initial funding of financing receivables is reflected as an impact to cash flows from operations, and lower workingis largely subsequently offset by cash proceeds from financing. For DFS operating leases, which have increased in Fiscal 2020 with the adoption of the new leasing standard, the initial funding is classified as capital benefits. Despite this decline, ourexpenditures and reflected as cash flows used in investing activities. DFS new financing originations were


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$8.5 billion and $7.3 billion during Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, DFS had $9.7 billion of total net financing receivables and $0.8 billion of equipment under DFS operating cash flow performance remained strong.leases, net.


Investing Activities — Investing activities primarily consist of cash used to fund strategic acquisitions, capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment, collections on purchased financing receivables,capital expenditures for equipment under DFS operating leases, capitalized software development costs, strategic investments, acquisitions of businesses, and proceeds from salethe maturities, sales, and purchases of facilities, land, and other assets. Cashinvestments. During Fiscal 2020, cash used in investing activities was $31.3$4.7 billion and $0.3was primarily driven by capital expenditures and acquisition of businesses.

Cash provided by investing activities was $3.4 billion during Fiscal 20172019 and was primarily driven by the net sales of investments used to fund the Class V transaction, partially offset by capital expenditures and strategic investments. During Fiscal 2016, respectively. The increase in2018, cash used by investing activities was $2.9 billion and was primarily driven by $37.6 billion, net cash used to fund our acquisition of EMC.

Cash used in investing activities during Fiscal 2015, which primarily consisted of capital expenditures, was $0.4 billion.capitalized software development costs, and net purchases of investments.

Financing Activities — Financing activities primarily consist of the proceeds and repayments of debt. debt, cash used to repurchase common stock, and proceeds from the issuance of common stock of subsidiaries. Cash used in financing activities of $4.6 billion during Fiscal 2020 primarily consisted of net repayments of debt and repurchases of common stock by our public subsidiaries, primarily related to VMware Inc.’s acquisition of Pivotal.

Cash used in financing activities of $14.3 billion during Fiscal 2019 primarily consisted of $14.0 billion in cash paid to holders of the Class V Common Stock in the Class V transaction, partially offset by debt proceeds of $5.0 billion of debt incurred to fund a portion of this payment. Cash used by financing activities also included our repayments of an EMC Note in the amount of $2.5 billion and the Term Loan A-3 Facility in the amount of $1.2 billion, as well as the payment to VMware, Inc.’s public stockholders of $2.1 billion of the Special Dividend.

During Fiscal 2017,2018, cash provided by financing activities was $31.9 billion. Cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of $46.9 billion in cash proceeds from debt, $43.2 billion of which was issued in connection with the EMC merger transaction, and $4.4 billion in proceeds from the sale and issuance of our Class A, Class B, and Class C Common Stock for financing of that transaction. These issuances were partially offset by $17.0 billion in repayments of debt, $0.9 billion in payments of debt issuance costs, $1.3 billion in payments to repurchase common stock, and $0.4 billion in payments related to the appraisal litigation from the


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going-private transaction. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our debt.

In comparison, during Fiscal 2016, cash used in financing activities was $0.5 billion as we issued $0.7 billion, net, in additional structured financing debt, repaid $0.7 billion in maturing Unsecured Notes and Debentures, and repaid $0.4 billion, net, in Term Loan Facilities issued in connection with the going-private transaction and related foreign currency derivative settlements.

During Fiscal 2015, cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of repayments of $2.0 billion principal amount of other debt issued in the going-private transaction and $0.8 billion in borrowings outstanding under the ABL Credit Facility.

Key Performance Metrics

Our key performance metrics are net revenue, adjusted EBITDA, cash flows from operations, and cash conversion cycle. Net revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and cash flows from operations are discussed elsewhere in this report. Our cash conversion cycle is presented below.

Cash Conversion Cycle

We have calculated our cash conversion cycle excluding our discontinued operations as we believe it provides a better indication of our cash conversion cycle and is a better basis for evaluating our potential future cash operations.
The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle for the fourth quarter of each of the past three fiscal years:
 Three Months Ended
 February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
 January 30,
2015
Days of sales outstanding (a)48
 39
 41
Days of supply in inventory (b)18
 14
 13
Days in accounts payable (c)(100) (112) (107)
Cash conversion cycle (d)(34) (59) (53)
__________________
(a)Days of sales outstanding, referred to as DSO, calculates the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is based on the ending net trade receivables and the most recent quarterly non-GAAP net revenue for each period. DSO also includes the effect of product costs related to customer shipments not yet recognized as revenue that are classified in other current assets. DSO is calculated by adding accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, and customer shipments in transit and dividing that sum by average non-GAAP net revenue per day for the current quarter (97 days for the three months ended February 3, 2017, and 90 days for the three months ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015). As of February 3, 2017, DSO and days of customer shipments not yet recognized were 44 and 3 days, respectively. As of January 29, 2016, DSO and days of customer shipments not yet recognized were 34 and 5 days, respectively. As of January 30, 2015, DSO and days of customer shipments not yet recognized were 36 and 5 days, respectively.
(b)Days of supply in inventory, referred to as DSI, measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our products. DSI is based on ending inventory adjusted to exclude purchase accounting adjustments and non-GAAP cost of goods sold for each period. DSI is calculated by dividing ending inventory by average non-GAAP cost of goods sold per day for the current quarter (97 days for the three months ended February 3, 2017, and 90 days for the three months ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015).
(c)Days in accounts payable, referred to as DPO, calculates the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is based on ending accounts payable and non-GAAP cost of goods sold for each period. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by average non-GAAP cost of goods sold per day for the current quarter (97 days for the three months ended February 3, 2017, and 90 days for the three months ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015).
(d)We calculate our cash conversion cycle using non-GAAP net revenue and non-GAAP cost of goods sold because we believe that excluding certain items from the GAAP results facilitates management's understanding of this key performance metric.




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The table below provides reconciliations of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure used in calculating the DSO, DSI and DPO metrics:
 Three Months Ended
 February 3,
2017
 January 29,
2016
 January 30,
2015
 (in millions)
Net revenue$20,074
 $12,679
 $13,251
Non-GAAP adjustments:     
Impact of purchase accounting507
 89
 151
Non-GAAP net revenue$20,581
 $12,768
 $13,402
      
Cost of goods sold$15,543
 $10,425
 $11,258
Non-GAAP adjustments:     
Impact of purchase accounting(603) (15) (17)
Amortization of intangibles(847) (97) (98)
Transaction-related expenses(18) 
 
Other corporate expenses(89) (3) (5)
Non-GAAP cost of goods sold$13,986
 $10,310
 $11,138

For the three months ended February 3, 2017, changes in our cash conversion cycle were unfavorable by twenty five days when compared to the three months ended January 29, 2016. This was primarily driven by the acquisition of EMC, which had a negative impact across all three components. We experienced a twelve day decrease in DPO, primarily driven by supplier payments terms of the EMC acquired businesses. A nine day increase in DSO was primarily driven by differences in collections managementnet proceeds from the EMC acquired businesses. A four day increase in DSI was primarily the result of the longer inventory cycle associated with the EMC acquired product lines. We are continuing the integration of the EMC acquired businesses and, as a result, our supplier arrangements, collection activities, and operating cycles will continue to evolve. We believe our business model allows us to maintain an efficient cash conversion cycle, which compares favorably with that of others in our industry.

Our cash conversion cycle for the fiscal quarter ended January 29, 2016 improved six days when compared to the fiscal quarter ended January 30, 2015 driven by a five day improvement in DPO. The increase in DPO wasdebt, primarily due to the timingissuance of supplier purchases and payments. We also experienced a two day decrease in DSO, which was primarily driventhe VMware Notes, partially offset by improved collections performance.cash used for share repurchases.




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Capital Commitments


Capital Expenditures— During Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016,2020, we spent $699 million and $482 million, respectively,$2.2 billion on property, plant, and equipment, which included $104 millionequipment under DFS operating leases of $0.9 billion. During Fiscal 2019, we spent $1.2 billion on property, plant, and $116 million, respectively, attributable to discontinued operations.equipment. These expenditures were primarily incurred in connection with our global expansion efforts and infrastructure investments made to support future growth.growth, and, in Fiscal 2020, the funding of equipment under DFS operating leases. Product demand, product mix, and the increased use of contract manufacturers, as well as ongoing investments in operating and information technology infrastructure, influence the level and prioritization of our capital expenditures. Aggregate capital expenditures for Fiscal 2018, which will be primarily related to infrastructure investments and strategic initiatives,2021, are currently expected to total between $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion, of which approximately $1.7 billion.$1.0 billion to $1.1 billion is expected for equipment under DFS operating leases.


Share Repurchase Programs

Class VRepurchases of Common Stock Repurchases

On September 7, 2016,February 24, 2020, our board of directors approved a stockshare repurchase program (the "DHI Group Repurchase Program") under which we are authorized to use assets of the DHI Group to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of shares of Class C Common Stock over a 24-month period expiring on February 28, 2022.

Class V Common Stock Repurchases by Dell Technologies Inc.

Since the date of the EMC merger transaction, our board of directors authorized several programs with a total authorization of $2.1 billion to repurchase shares of our Class V Common Stock. Upon the completion of the Class V transaction, no Class V Common Stock over a periodremained outstanding for repurchase.

During Fiscal 2019, we did not repurchase any shares of two years. On December 13, 2016, the board of directors approved the suspension of the DHI Group Repurchase Program until such time as the board of directors authorizes the reinstatement of that program.Class V Common Stock under our stock repurchase programs. During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,Fiscal 2018, we repurchased 79.7 million shares of Class V Common Stock for $324 million using cashan aggregate purchase price of the DHI Group. As$682 million. The repurchase of February 3, 2017, our remaining authorized amount for share repurchases under the DHI Group Repurchase Programthese shares was $676 million.

On December 13, 2016, the board of directors approved a new stock repurchase program (the "Class V Group Repurchase Program") under which we are authorized to use assets offunded by proceeds received by the Class V Group to repurchase up to $500 millionfrom the sale by our subsidiary of shares of Class VA common stock of VMware, Inc. owned by such subsidiary, as discussed below.



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DHI Group Common Stock over a period of six months. To the extent not retired, shares repurchased under the Class V Group Repurchase Program will be held as treasury stock.Repurchasesby Dell Technologies Inc.


During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018, we repurchased 7 millionan immaterial number of shares of Class VDHI Group Common Stock for $418$47 million under the Class V Group Repurchase Program. As of February 3, 2017, our remaining authorized amount for share repurchases under the Class V Group Repurchase Program was $82 million.and $6 million, respectively.


VMware, Inc. Class A Common Stock Repurchases In April 2016, VMware'sby VMware, Inc.

On May 29, 2019, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1.2an additional $1.5 billion of shares of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s Class A common stock throughstock. Since the enddate of 2016. All shares repurchased under VMware's stock repurchase programs are retired. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017,EMC merger transaction, VMware, repurchased $611 millionInc.’s board of its Class A common stock under the April 2016 program, and thedirectors has authorized amount fortotal repurchases of VMware Class A common stock was fully utilized$3.7 billion, of which $1.0 billion remained available as of February 3, 2017.

On December 15, 2016, we entered into a stock purchase agreement withJanuary 31, 2020. During Fiscal 2020, VMware, pursuant to which VMware agreed to purchase for cash $500 million of shares of VMware Class A common stock from a subsidiary of Dell Technologies. We will apply the proceeds from the sale to the repurchase of shares of our Class V Common Stock under the Class V Group Repurchase Program described above. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, VMwareInc. repurchased approximately 4.87.7 million shares of its Class A common stock underin the December 2016 program. On February 15, 2017, subsequent toopen market for approximately $1.3 billion, of which approximately $0.2 billion impacted Dell Technologies’ accumulated deficit balance as of January 31, 2020 as a result of the closeperiodic depletion of our fiscal year, VMware, Inc.’s additional paid-in capital balance.

During Fiscal 2019, VMware, Inc. repurchased an additional 1.4approximately 0.3 million shares of its Class A common stock in the open market for an aggregate purchase price of $42 million. During Fiscal 2018, pursuant to complete the transactions contemplated by the stock purchase agreement.

In January 2017, VMware's board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1.2 billion ofagreements between Dell Technologies Inc. and VMware, Inc., VMware, Inc. repurchased 7.5 million shares of VMware'sits Class A common stock throughfrom us for an aggregate purchase price of $725 million. VMware, Inc. received 4.1 million shares of its Class A common stock during the endfirst quarter of Fiscal 2018, 0.7 million shares during the second quarter of Fiscal 2018 and the remaining 2.7 million shares of its Class A common stock during the third quarter of Fiscal 2018. The proceeds from the sales were used by us to repurchase shares of our Class V Common Stock, as described above.

For more information regarding share repurchase programs, see Note 18 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report, and "Part II — Item 5 — Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities."



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Contractual Cash Obligations


The following table summarizespresents a summary our contractual cash obligations as of February 3, 2017:
January 31, 2020:
  Payments Due by Fiscal Year  Payments Due by Fiscal Year
Total 2018 2019-2020 2021-2022 ThereafterTotal 2021 2022-2023 2024-2025 Thereafter
(in millions)(in millions)
Contractual cash obligations:                  
Principal payments on long-term debt $50,356
 $6,357
 $11,842
 $12,053
 $20,104
Principal payments on long-term debt:         
Core debt$35,316
 $829
 $6,433
 $11,102
 $16,952
DFS related debt7,765
 4,154
 3,516
 95
 
Margin Loan Facility and other4,024
 12
 4,005
 
 7
Debt of public subsidiary5,560
 2,753
 1,513
 15
 1,279
Total principal payments on long-term debt 52,665
 7,747
 15,467
 11,212
 18,239
Interest13,821
 1,997
 3,234
 2,143
 6,447
Purchase obligations4,352
 3,900
 385
 64
 3
Operating leases2,156
 443
 619
 355
 739
2,139
 458
 672
 332
 677
Purchase obligations2,498
 2,279
 186
 25
 8
Interest17,597
 2,091
 3,677
 2,974
 8,855
Uncertain tax positions (a)
 
 
 
 
Tax obligations183
 19
 55
 109
 
Contractual cash obligations$72,607
 $11,170
 $16,324
 $15,407
 $29,706
$73,160
 $14,121
 $19,813
 $13,860
 $25,366
____________________
(a)We have approximately $3.1 billion in additional liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as of February 3, 2017. We are unable to reliably estimate the expected payment dates for any liabilities for uncertain tax positions.


Principal Payments on BorrowingsLong-Term Debt Our expected principal cash payments on borrowings are exclusive of discounts and premiums. We have outstanding long-term notes with varying maturities. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the future principal payments related to our structured financingDFS debt were expected to be $2.1$4.2 billion in Fiscal 2018, $1.42021, $3.5 billion in Fiscal 2019-2020,2022-2023, and immaterial thereafter.$95 million in Fiscal 2024-2025. For additional information about our debt, see Note 86 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.


Interest See Note 86 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further discussion of our debt and related interest expense.




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Purchase Obligations Purchase obligations are defined as contractual obligations to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us. These obligations specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations do not include contracts that may be canceled without penalty.


We utilize several suppliers to manufacture sub-assemblies for our products. Our efficient supply chain management allows us to enter into flexible and mutually beneficial purchase arrangements with our suppliers in order to minimize inventory risk. Consistent with industry practice, we acquire raw materials or other goods and services, including product components, by issuing to suppliers authorizations to purchase based on our projected demand and manufacturing needs. These purchase orders are typically fulfilled within 30 days and are entered into during the ordinary course of business in order to establish best pricing and continuity of supply for our production. Purchase orders are not included in the table abovepurchase obligations, as they typically represent our authorization to purchase rather than binding purchase obligations.


Operating Leases We lease property and equipment, manufacturing facilities, and office space under non-cancelable leases. Certain of these leases obligate us to pay taxes, maintenance, and repair costs. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information about our leasing transactions in which we are the lessee.



Tax Obligations Tax obligations represent a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, payable over eight years. Excluded from the table above are $2.5 billion in additional liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as of January 31, 2020. We are unable to reliably estimate the expected payment dates for any liabilities for uncertain tax positions. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information on these tax matters.







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Critical Accounting Policies


We prepare our financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires certain estimates, assumptions, and judgments to be made that may affect our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and Consolidated Statements of Income.Income (Loss). Accounting policies that have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements are described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. The accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical. We consider an accounting policy to be critical if the nature of the estimate or assumption is subject to a material level of judgment and if changes in those estimates or assumptions are reasonably likely to materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. We have discussed the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our board of directors.


Revenue Recognition and Related Allowances — We enter into contracts to sell oura wide portfolio of products and services offerings to our customers. Our agreements have varying requirements depending on the goods and frequently enter into salesservices being sold, the rights and obligations conveyed, and the legal jurisdiction of the arrangement.

Revenue is recognized for these arrangements based on the following five steps:

(1)
Identify the contract with a customer. The term “contract” refers to the enforceable rights and obligations provided in an agreement between us and the customer in exchange for payment. We evaluate facts and circumstances regarding sales transactions in order to identify contracts with our customers. An agreement must meet all of the following criteria to qualify as a contract eligible for revenue recognition under the model: (i) the contract must be approved by all parties who are committed to perform their respective obligations; (ii) each party’s rights regarding the goods and services to be transferred to the customer can be identified; (iii) the payment terms for the goods and services can be identified; (iv) the customer has the ability and intent to pay and it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled; and (v) the contract must have commercial substance. Judgment is used in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based upon various factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or customer credit and financial information.
(2)
Identify the performance obligations in the contract.  Our contracts with customers often include the promise to transfer multiple goods and services to a customer. Distinct promises within a contract are referred to as “performance obligations” and are accounted for as separate units of account. We assess whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the contract. This assessment involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the individual promised goods or services and whether such goods or services are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. Promised goods and services are considered distinct provided that: (i) the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer (that is, the good or service is capable of being distinct); and (ii) our promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (that is, the promise to transfer the good or service is distinct within the context of the contract). Our performance obligations include various distinct goods and services such as hardware, software licenses, warranties, and other service offerings and solutions. Promised goods and services are explicitly identified in our contracts and may be sold on a standalone basis or bundled as part of a combined solution. In certain hardware solutions, the hardware is highly interdependent on, and interrelated with the embedded software. In these offerings, the hardware and software licenses are accounted for as a single performance obligation.

(3)
Determine the transaction price.  The transaction price reflects the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, we estimate the amount to which we expect to be entitled using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Generally, volume discounts, rebates, and sales returns reduce the transaction price. When we determine the transaction price, we only include amounts that are not subject to significant future reversal.

(4)
Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. When a contract includes multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated in proportion to the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each performance obligation.



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The best evidence of SSP is the observable price of a good or service when we sell that contain multiple elementsgood or deliverables, such as hardware, services, software licenses, and peripherals. Significant judgments and estimates are necessaryservice separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If a directly observable price is available, we utilize that price for the allocation ofSSP. If a directly observable price is not available, the proceeds received from an arrangementSSP must be estimated. We estimate SSP by considering multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the multiple elements,pricing practices, internal costs, and the appropriate timing of revenue recognition.

We record reductions to revenue for estimated customer sales returns, rebates, and certain other customer incentive programs. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined by historical experience, contractual terms, and current conditions. The primary factors affecting our accrual for estimated customer returns include estimated return ratesprofit objectives as well as overall market conditions, which include geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, and competitor actions.

(5)
Recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with our customer are satisfied. Revenue is recognized either over time or at a point in time, depending on when the underlying products or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue is recognized at a point in time for products upon transfer of control. Revenue is recognized over time for support and deployment services, software support, software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), and infrastructure-as-a-service (“IaaS”). Revenue is recognized either over time or at a point in time for professional services and training depending on the nature of the offering to the customer.

We report revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrently with specific revenue-producing transactions.

We elected the numberfollowing practical expedients with the adoption of units shipped thatthe new revenue standard:

We do not account for significant financing components if the period between revenue recognition and when the customer pays for the product or service will be one year or less.

We recognize revenue equal to the amount we have a right of return that has not expired as ofto invoice when the balance sheet date. If returns cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until a reliable estimate can be made oramount corresponds directly with the return right lapses. Each quarter, we reevaluate our estimatesvalue to assess the adequacycustomer of our recorded accruals and allowance for doubtful accounts, and adjust the amounts as necessary.performance to date.


We sell ourdo not account for shipping and handling activities as a separate performance obligation, but rather as an activity performed to transfer the promised good.

The following summarizes the nature of revenue recognized and the manner in which we account for sales transactions.

Products

Product revenue consists of hardware and software license sales that are delivered, sold as a subscription, or sold on a consumption basis. Hardware includes notebooks and desktop PCs, servers, storage hardware, and other hardware-related devices. Software license sales include non-essential software applications. Software applications provide customers with resource management, backup and archiving, information security, information management and intelligence, data analytics, and server virtualization capabilities.

Revenue from the sale of hardware products directlyis recognized when control has transferred to customers as well as through other distribution channels, including retailers, distributors, and resellers. Sales through our distribution channels are primarily made under agreements allowing for limited rightsthe customer, which typically occurs when the hardware has been shipped to the customer, risk of return, price protection, rebates, and marketing development funds. We have generally limited return rights through contractual caps orloss has transferred to the customer, we have an established selling history for these arrangements. Therefore, there are sufficient dataa present right to establish reasonablepayment, and reliable estimates of returns for the majority of these sales. To the extent price protection or return rights are not limited and a reliable estimate cannot be made, all of the revenue and related costs are deferred until the productcustomer acceptance has been soldsatisfied. Customer acceptance is satisfied if acceptance is obtained from the customer, if all acceptance provisions lapse, or if we have evidence that all acceptance provisions will be, or have been, satisfied. Revenue from software license sales is generally recognized when control has transferred to the end-usercustomer, which is typically upon shipment, electronic delivery, or when the rights expire. We record estimated reductions to revenue or an expensesoftware is available for distribution channel programs atdownload by the later of the offer or the time revenue is recognized.

Another significant judgment includes determining whether Dell or a reseller is acting as the principal in a transaction.customer. For certain software arrangements in which the customer is granted a resellerright to additional unspecified future software licenses, our promise to the customer is considered a stand-ready obligation in which the principal,transfer of control, and revenue recognition, will be over time. Invoices for products are generally issued as control transfers, which is typically upon shipment or delivery. There was no significant revenue in any period presented related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods.



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Services

Services revenue consists of revenue from sales of support services, including hardware support that extends beyond our standard warranties, software maintenance, and installation; professional services; training; SaaS; and IaaS. Revenue associated with undelivered performance obligations is deferred and recognized when or as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue from fixed-price support or maintenance contracts sold for both hardware and software is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of performance because we are required to provide services at any given time. Other services revenue is recognized when we perform the services and the customer receives and consumes the benefits. Invoices for services may be issued at the start of a service term, which is typically the case for support and deployment services, or as services are rendered, which is typically the case for professional services, training, SaaS, and IaaS.

Other

Revenue from leasing arrangements is not subject to the revenue standard for contracts with customers and remains separately accounted for under existing lease accounting guidance. The Company records operating lease rental revenue as product revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We record revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as product revenue in an amount equal to the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease. Sales-type leases also produce financing income, which is included in net products revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and is recognized at effective rates of return over the lease term. We also offer qualified customers fixed-term loans and revolving credit lines for the purchase of our products and services. Financing income attributable to these loans is recognized in product net revenue on an accrual basis. All

Disaggregation of Revenue — Our revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements based on an evaluation of disclosures outside of the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for evaluating the financial performance of operating segments, and other information that is used to evaluate our financial performance or make resource allocations. This information includes revenue from products and services, revenue from reportable segments, and revenue by major product categories within the segments.

Contract Assets — Contract assets are rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to a customer when such a right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Such amounts have been insignificant to date.

Contract Liabilities — Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is recorded when we have a right to invoice or payments have been received for undelivered products or services, or in situations where revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Deferred revenue also represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services and software maintenance. Revenue is recognized on these items when the revenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. We also have deferred revenue related to undelivered hardware and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized when our performance obligations under the contract are completed. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional information about deferred revenue.

Costs to Obtain a Contract The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract primarily consist of sales commissions and employer taxes related to commission payments. We elected, as a practical expedient, to expense as incurred costs to obtain a contract equal to or less than one year in duration. For contracts greater than one year in duration, the associated costs to obtain a contract are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. Deferred costs to obtain a contract are typically amortized over a period of three to seven years, depending on the contract term and expectation of the period of benefit for the costs, which may exceed the contract term. Amortization expense is recognized on a gross basis.

As our business evolves,straight-line basis and included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the mixConsolidated Statements of products and services sold willIncome (Loss). We periodically review these deferred costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the timingcarrying value or period of benefit of the deferred sales commissions.



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Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue is recorded when we have a right to invoice or payments have been received for undelivered products or services in contracts where transfer of control has not occurred. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for support and related costs are recognized. We analyze various factors, including a review of specific transactions, the credit-worthiness of our customers, our historical experience,deployment services, software maintenance, professional services, training, SaaS, and market and economic conditions. Changes in judgmentsIaaS. Revenue is recognized on these factors could materially impactitems when the timingrevenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. We also have deferred revenue related to undelivered hardware and amountprofessional services, consisting of revenueinstallations and costs recognized.consulting engagements, which are recognized as our performance obligations under the contract are completed.


Business Combinations and Intangible Assets, Including Goodwill — We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value is recorded as goodwill. Any changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets recorded for acquisitions prior to the finalization of more detailed analysis, but not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, will change the amount of the purchase price allocable to goodwill. The cumulative impact of any subsequent changes to any purchase price allocations that are material to our consolidated financial results will be adjusted in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. In-process research and development costs are recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and assessed for impairment thereafter until completion, at which point the asset is amortized over its expected useful life. Separately recognized transactions associated with business combinations are generally expensed subsequent to the acquisition date. The application of business combination and impairment accounting requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions.


The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements from the acquisition date.


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Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances may indicate that an impairment has occurred. To determine whether goodwill is impaired, we first assess certain qualitative factors. Based on this assessment, if it is determined more likely than not that the fair value of a goodwill reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform the quantitative analysis of the goodwill impairment test. We determine theThe fair valuesvalue of each of our reportable businessgoodwill reporting units is generally estimated using a combination of public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologymethodologies, and then compare the fair valuescompared to the carrying valuesvalue of each reportable businessgoodwill reporting unit.


Standard Warranty Liabilities — We record warranty liabilities at the time of sale for the estimated costs that may be incurred under the terms of the limited warranty. The liability for standard warranties is included in accrued and other current and other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The specific warranty terms and conditions vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which we do business, but generally include technical support, parts, and labor over a period ranging from one to three years. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of installed units currently under warranty,historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those units, and cost per claim to satisfy our warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary factor impacting our estimated warranty obligation. The other factors are less significant due to the fact that the average remaining aggregate warranty period of the covered installed base is approximately 16 months, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at pre-established amounts with service providers. Warranty claims are reasonably predictable based on historical experience of failure rates. If actualresults differ from our estimates, we revise our estimated warranty liability to reflect such changes. Each quarter, we reevaluate our estimates to assess the adequacy of the recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary.

Income Taxes — We are subject to income tax in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments are required in determining the consolidated provision for income taxes. We calculate a provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized by identifying the temporary differences arising from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. We account for the tax impact of including Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) in U.S. taxable income as a period cost. We provide related valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, where appropriate. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence for each jurisdiction, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. In the event we determine that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, we will make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made.


Significant judgment is also required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions. Although we believe our tax return positions are sustainable, we recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the positions will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits and a consideration of the relevant taxing authority'sauthority’s administrative practices and precedents. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different thanfrom the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties. We believe we have provided adequate reserves for all uncertain tax positions.




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Loss Contingencies — We are subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to us to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. Third parties have in the past asserted, and may in the future assert, claims or initiate litigation related to exclusive patent, copyright, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are relevant to us. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.


Inventories — We state our inventory at the lower of cost or market. We record a write-down for inventories of components and products, including third-party products held for resale, which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. We perform a detailed review of inventory each fiscalquarter that considers multiple factors, including demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, and component cost trends. The industries in which we compete are subject to demand changes. If future demand or market conditions for our products are less


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favorable thanforecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of component inventory, we may be required to record additional write-downs, which would adversely affect our gross margin.


Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements


See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our Consolidated Financial Statements.




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ITEM 7A — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Dell Technologies is exposed to a variety of market risks, including risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate changes affecting its variable-rate debt, and changes in the market value of equity investments. In the normal course of business, Dell Technologies employs established policies and procedures to manage these risks.

Foreign Currency Risk


During Fiscal 20172020 and Fiscal 2016,2019, the principal foreign currencies in which Dell Technologies transacted business were the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, British Pound, and Canadian Dollar. The objective of Dell Technologies in managing its exposures to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations is to reduce the impact of adverse fluctuations associated with foreign currency exchange rate changes on earnings and cash flows. Accordingly, Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency option contracts and forward contracts to hedge its exposure on forecasted transactions and firm commitments for certain currencies. Dell Technologies monitors its foreign currency exchange exposures to ensure the overall effectiveness of its foreign currency hedge positions. However, there can be no assurance that the foreign currency hedging activities will continue to substantially offset the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on theDell Technologies’ results of operations and financial position in the future.
Based on the outstanding foreign currency hedge instruments of Dell Technologies, which include designated and non-designated instruments, there was a maximum potential one-day loss in fair value at a 95% confidence level of approximately $25$24 million as ofJanuary 31, 2020 and $29 million as of February 3, 2017 and $18 million as of January 29, 20161, 2019 using a Value-at-Risk ("VAR"(“VAR”) model. The change was primarily driven by increased foreign currency exposures due to the EMC merger transaction. By using market implied rates and incorporating volatility and correlation among the currencies of a portfolio, the VAR model simulates 10,000 randomly generated market prices and calculates the difference between the fifth percentile and the average as the Value-at-Risk. The VAR model is a risk estimation tool and is not intended to represent actual losses in fair value that could be incurred. Additionally, as Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency instruments for hedging forecasted and firmly committed transactions, a loss in fair value for those instruments is generally offset by increases in the value of the underlying exposure.


Interest Rate Risk


Dell Technologies is primarily exposed to interest rate risk related to its variable-rate debt and investment portfolio.


Variable-Rate Debt As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies had $11.6Technologies’ variable-rate debt consisted of $8.9 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and $4.0 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Margin BridgeLoan Facility, $1.5 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings, and $1.5 billion outstanding under the VMware Note BridgeTerm Loan Facility. Amounts outstanding under these facilities generally bear interest at variable rates equal to applicable margins plus specified base rates or LIBOR-based rates. These borrowings were issued in connection with the EMC merger transaction. Accordingly, Dell Technologies is exposed to market risk based on fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings under the facilities.facilities where we do not mitigate the interest rate risk through the use of interest rate swaps. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit and Margin Loan facilities accrued interest at an annual rate between 2.52%3.41% and 4.02%4.17%, whereas DFS borrowings accrued interest at an annual rate between 0.74% and 6.67%.

Based on thisthe variable-rate debt outstanding as of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $156$160 million in annual interest expense. For more information about our debt, see Note 86 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.


By comparison, as of January 29, 2016,February 1, 2019, Dell Technologies had $6.2$12.7 billion of outstanding variable-rate debt, allborrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, $3.4 billion of which was repaid in connection with the EMC merger transaction.outstanding borrowings under its Margin Loan Facility, and $1.9 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings. Based on this variable-rate debt outstanding as of January 29, 2016,February 1, 2019, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $51$179 million in annual interest expense.


As of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, Dell Technologies had $3.5 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, of outstanding structured financing debt that accrued interest at variable rates. For information about this debt, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. Dell Technologies mitigates the interest rate risk related to its




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structured financing debt throughEquity Price Risk

Strategic Investments — Our strategic investments include privately held companies which are considered to be in the usestart-up or development stages and are inherently risky. The technologies or products these companies have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize, which could result in a loss of interest rate swaps to hedgea substantial part of our initial investment in the variabilitycompanies. We account for these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in cash flows relatedorderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the same issuer. The evaluation is based on information provided by these companies, which are not subject to the interest rate payments onsame disclosure obligations as U.S. publicly traded companies, and as such, debt.

We maintain an investment portfolio consistingthe basis for these evaluations is subject to the timing and accuracy of debt and equity securities of various types and maturities which is exposed to interest rate risk.the data provided. The investments are classified as available-for-sale and are all denominated in U.S. dollars. These securities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at market value, with any unrealized gain or temporary non-credit related loss recorded in other comprehensive loss. These instruments are not leveraged and are not held for trading purposes. Dell Technologies mitigates the risks related to its investment portfolio by investing primarily in high-quality credit securities, limiting the amount that can be invested in any single issuer, and investing in short-to-intermediate-term investments. As of February 3, 2017, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would have resulted in a $74 million impact on the faircarrying value of this portfolio. By comparison,our strategic investments without readily determinable fair values was $852 million and $671 million as of January 29, 2016, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would not have had a material impact on the fair value of this portfolio. The change was driven by the investment portfolio acquired as part of the EMC merger transaction. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information on our investment portfolio.31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively.







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ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA


Index
Page



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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Dell Technologies Inc.


In our opinion,Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Dell Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company"“Company”) as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and the resultsrelated consolidated statements of their operationsincome (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholders' equity (deficit) and theirof cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 20171, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. TheseAlso in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, are the responsibilityCompany changed the manner in which it accounts for leases as of February 2, 2019.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the Company's management.effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinionopinions on thesethe Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the auditaudits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includesmisstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.opinions.





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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition- Identification of Performance Obligations in Revenue Contracts

As described in Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s contracts with customers often include the promise to transfer multiple goods and services to a customer. Distinct promises within a contract are referred to as performance obligations and are accounted for as separate units of account. Management assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the contract. This assessment involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the individual promised goods or services and whether such goods or services are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. The Company’s performance obligations include various distinct goods and services such as hardware, software licenses, warranties, and other service offerings and solutions. For the year ended January 31, 2020, a significant portion of the $34 billion Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and $10.9 billion VMware reportable segment net revenues relate to contracts with multiple performance obligations.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management in identifying performance obligations in revenue contracts, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate whether performance obligations in revenue contracts were appropriately identified by management.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls related to the proper identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts. These procedures also included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of management’s identification of performance obligations by examining revenue contracts on a test basis.



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Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Trade Names Impairment Assessments

As described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names balances were $41.7 billion and $3.8 billion as of January 31, 2020, respectively. The goodwill associated with the Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and RSA Security (“RSA”) goodwill reporting units represent a portion of the total goodwill balance. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances may indicate that an impairment has occurred. Management performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test to measure the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit relative to its carrying amount, and to determine the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any. The fair value of the goodwill reporting units are generally estimated using a combination of public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies which require significant judgment, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, current and anticipated economic conditions and trends, selection of market multiples through assessment of the reporting unit’s performance relative to peer competitors, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate and discount rate of the Company’s business, and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. The fair value of the indefinite-lived trade names is generally estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies. The discounted cash flow methodology requires significant judgment, including estimation of future revenue, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate of the Company’s business and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and royalty rates.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments is a critical audit matter are that there was significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurements of the ISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s selection of market multiples and cash flow projections, including significant assumptions related to long-term revenue growth rates and the discount rate. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained from these procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments, including controls over the fair value of the ISG and RSA reporting units and indefinite-lived trade names. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates, evaluating the appropriateness of the public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies, testing completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the methodologies, and evaluating the reasonableness of management’s selection of market multiples, and significant assumptions used by management in estimating the fair value of the ISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, including the long-term revenue growth rates and the discount rate. Evaluating the assumptions related to the long-term revenue growth rates involved evaluating whether assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the past performance of each reporting unit and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, consistency with third-party industry data, and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted future cash flow methodologies and certain assumptions, including the discount rate.

Intra-entity Transfer of Intellectual Property Rights

As described in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed two intra-entity asset transfers of certain of its intellectual property (the “IP”) to Irish subsidiaries, resulting in discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion. The tax benefit for each intra-entity asset transfer was recorded as a deferred tax asset in the period of transaction and represents the book and tax basis difference on the transferred assets measured based on the IP’s current fair value and applicable Irish statutory tax rate. The Company applied significant judgment when determining the fair value of the IP, which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset, and in evaluating the associated tax laws in the applicable jurisdictions.



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The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the intra-entity transfers of the intellectual property rights is a critical audit matter are (i) there was significant judgment by management when determining the fair value of certain of the intellectual property subject to the intra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and in evaluating the associated application of tax laws in the applicable jurisdictions, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in applying procedures relating to the reasonableness of management’s determination of the fair value of certain of the intellectual property subject to the intra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and in evaluating the associated application of tax laws in the applicable jurisdiction and (ii) the audit effort also involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained from these procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the accounting for certain of the intra-entity transfers of the intellectual property, including controls over management’s review of the underlying agreements, determination of the tax basis, and management's assessment of the tax laws applicable to the transfer of a license for intellectual property. These procedures also included, among others, (i) examination of the underlying agreements, (ii) testing the information used in the calculation of the deferred tax asset, including management’s estimate of the fair value of certain of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for the deferred tax asset and evaluating the tax laws applicable to the transfer of the intellectual property, and (iii) testing the calculation of the deferred tax asset. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of management’s determination of the fair value of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for the deferred tax asset and applicability of the Irish income tax laws and regulations.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Austin, Texas
March 31, 201727, 2020


We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1986.




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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONRecently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
(in millions)
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets: 
  
Cash and cash equivalents$9,474
 $6,322
Short-term investments1,975
 
Accounts receivable, net9,420
 4,887
Short-term financing receivables, net3,222
 2,915
Inventories, net2,538
 1,619
Other current assets4,144
 3,497
Current assets held for sale
 4,333
Total current assets30,773
 23,573
Property, plant, and equipment, net5,653
 1,649
Long-term investments3,802
 114
Long-term financing receivables, net2,651
 2,177
Goodwill38,910
 8,406
Intangible assets, net35,053
 8,577
Other non-current assets1,364
 626
Total assets$118,206
 $45,122
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SHARES, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities: 
  
Short-term debt$6,329
 $2,981
Accounts payable14,422
 12,881
Accrued and other7,119
 4,217
Short-term deferred revenue10,265
 3,632
Current liabilities held for sale
 1,599
Total current liabilities38,135
 25,310
Long-term debt (Note 8)43,061
 10,650
Long-term deferred revenue8,431
 4,089
Other non-current liabilities9,339
 3,501
Total liabilities98,966
 43,550
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

 

Redeemable shares231
 106
Stockholders' equity:   
Common stock and capital in excess of $.01 par value (Note 18)20,199
 5,727
Treasury stock at cost(752) 
Accumulated deficit(5,609) (3,937)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(595) (324)
Total Dell Technologies Inc. stockholders’ equity13,243
 1,466
Non-controlling interests5,766
 
Total stockholders' equity19,009
 1,466
Total liabilities, redeemable shares, and stockholders' equity$118,206
 $45,122


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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Net revenue:   
  
Products$48,706
 $42,742
 $46,130
Services12,936
 8,169
 8,012
Total net revenue61,642
 50,911
 54,142
Cost of net revenue:     
Products42,169
 37,563
 40,084
Services6,514
 4,961
 5,162
Total cost of net revenue48,683
 42,524
 45,246
Gross margin12,959
 8,387
 8,896
Operating expenses:     
Selling, general, and administrative13,575
 7,850
 8,292
Research and development2,636
 1,051
 920
Total operating expenses16,211
 8,901
 9,212
Operating loss(3,252) (514) (316)
Interest and other, net(2,104) (772) (899)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes(5,356) (1,286) (1,215)
Income tax benefit(1,619) (118) (107)
Net loss from continuing operations(3,737) (1,168) (1,108)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (Note 4)2,019
 64
 (113)
Net loss(1,718) (1,104) (1,221)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(46) 
 
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,672) $(1,104) $(1,221)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - basic$1.44
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - basic$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - basic$4.30
 $0.16
 $(0.28)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - diluted$1.43
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - diluted$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - diluted$4.30
 $0.16
 $(0.28)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Net loss$(1,718) $(1,104) $(1,221)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax     
Foreign currency translation adjustments(254) (138) (192)
Available-for-sale investments:     
Change in unrealized losses(17) 
 
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net loss1
 
 
Net change in market value of investments(16) 
 
Cash flow hedges:     
Change in unrealized gains20
 152
 427
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net loss(43) (367) (179)
Net change in cash flow hedges(23) (215) 248
Pension and other postretirement plans:     
Recognition of actuarial net gain from pension and other postretirement plans19
 
 
Reclassification adjustments for net gains (losses) from pension and other postretirement plans
 
 
Net change in actuarial net gain from pension and other postretirement plans19
 
 
      
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit (expense) of $3, $8, and $(10), respectively(274) (353) 56
Comprehensive loss, net of tax(1,992) (1,457) (1,165)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests(46) 
 
Less: Other comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests(3) 
 
Comprehensive loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,943) $(1,457) $(1,165)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.




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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions; continued on next page)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities:     
Net loss$(1,718) $(1,104) $(1,221)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization4,938
 2,872
 2,977
Stock-based compensation expense398
 72
 72
Effects of exchange rate changes on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies74
 122
 90
Deferred income taxes(2,201) (205) (465)
Provision for doubtful accounts — including financing receivables120
 171
 216
Net gain on sale of businesses(2,319) 
 
Amortization of debt issuance costs268
 59
 53
Other60
 56
 100
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:     
Accounts receivable(1,776) 187
 (238)
Financing receivables(751) (321) (550)
Inventories1,076
 (5) 71
Other assets215
 (28) (623)
Accounts payable751
 (374) 1,029
Deferred revenue2,622
 867
 1,431
Accrued and other liabilities465
 (207) (391)
Change in cash from operating activities2,222
 2,162
 2,551
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Investments:   
  
Purchases(778) (27) (27)
Maturities and sales1,173
 7
 15
Capital expenditures(699) (482) (478)
Proceeds from sale of facilities, land, and other assets24
 88
 23
Capitalized software development costs(207) 
 
Collections on purchased financing receivables35
 85
 175
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(37,629) 
 (73)
Divestitures of businesses, net of cash transferred6,873
 8
 10
Other(48) 
 
Change in cash from investing activities(31,256) (321) (355)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(continued; in millions)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Payment of dissenting shares obligation(446) 
 
Proceeds from the issuance of DHI Group Common Stock4,422
 
 28
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock of subsidiaries164
 
 
Repurchases of DHI Group Common Stock(10) 
 
Repurchases of Class V Common Stock(701) 
 
Repurchases of VMware Class A Common Stock(611) 
 
Issuance of common stock under employee plans
 2
 
Payments for debt issuance costs(853) (10) (7)
Proceeds from debt46,893
 5,460
 2,936
Repayments of debt(16,960) (5,950) (6,053)
Other10
 2
 2
Change in cash from financing activities31,908
 (496) (3,094)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents24
 (167) (153)
Change in cash and cash equivalents2,898
 1,178
 (1,051)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period, including amounts held for sale6,576
 5,398
 6,449
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period9,474
 6,576
 5,398
Less: Cash included in current assets held for sale
 254
 
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations$9,474
 $6,322
 $5,398
Income tax paid$978
 $264
 $557
Interest paid$1,575
 $585
 $724

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions; continued on next page)

 Common Stock and Capital in Excess of Par Value      
 Issued Shares Amount Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Total Stockholders' Equity
Balances as of January 31, 2014402
 $5,653
 $(1,612) $(27) $4,014
Net loss
 
 (1,221) 
 (1,221)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 (192) (192)
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 248
 248
Issuance of common stock3
 36
 
 
 36
Stock-based compensation expense
 72
 
 
 72
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 (53) 
 
 (53)
Balances as of January 30, 2015405
 5,708
 (2,833) 29
 2,904
Net loss
 
 (1,104) 
 (1,104)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 (138) (138)
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 (215) (215)
Stock-based compensation expense
 72
 
 
 72
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 (53) 
 
 (53)
Balances as of January 29, 2016405
 $5,727
 $(3,937) $(324) $1,466

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.




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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(continued; in millions)

 Common Stock and Capital in Excess of Par Value Treasury Stock          
 Issued Shares Amount Shares Amount Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Dell Technologies Stockholders' Equity Non-Controlling Interests Total Stockholders' Equity
Balances as of January 29, 2016405
 $5,727
 
 $
 $(3,937) $(324) $1,466
 $
 $1,466
Net loss
 
 
 
 (1,672) 
 (1,672) (46) (1,718)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 (254) (254) 
 (254)
Investments, net change
 
 
 
 
 (13) (13) (3) (16)
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 
 
 (23) (23) 
 (23)
Pension and other post-retirement
 
 
 
 
 19
 19
 
 19
Fair value of non-controlling interests assumed in business combination
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,048
 6,048
Issuance of common stock387
 14,482
 
 
 
 
 14,482
 
 14,482
Stock-based compensation expense
 98
 
 
 
 
 98
 300
 398
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 9
 
 
 
 
 9
 1
 10
Treasury stock repurchases
 
 14
 (752) 
 
 (752) 
 (752)
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 (125) 
 
 
 
 (125) 
 (125)
Impact from equity transactions of non-controlling interests
 18
 
 
 
 
 18
 (534) (516)
Other
 (10) 
 
 
 
 (10) 
 (10)
Balances as of February 3, 2017792
 $20,199
 14
 $(752) $(5,609) $(595) $13,243
 $5,766
 $19,009

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information
regarding DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock activity.





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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 1 — EMC MERGER TRANSACTION, OTHER TRANSACTIONS, AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

EMC Merger Transaction — On September 7, 2016, EMC Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation ("EMC"), became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies Inc. ("the Company") as a result of the merger of Universal Acquisition Co., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"), with and into EMC, with EMC surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "EMC merger transaction"). The EMC merger transaction was effected pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2015, by and among the Company, Dell Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Dell"), Merger Sub, and EMC, as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 16, 2016, by and among the Company, Dell, Merger Sub, and EMC. See Note 32 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for additional informationa summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our Consolidated Financial Statements.



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ITEM 7A — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Dell Technologies is exposed to a variety of market risks, including risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate changes affecting its variable-rate debt, and changes in the market value of equity investments. In the normal course of business, Dell Technologies employs established policies and procedures to manage these risks.

Foreign Currency Risk

During Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, the principal foreign currencies in which Dell Technologies transacted business were the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, British Pound, and Canadian Dollar. The objective of Dell Technologies in managing its exposures to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations is to reduce the impact of adverse fluctuations associated with foreign currency exchange rate changes on earnings and cash flows. Accordingly, Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency option contracts and forward contracts to hedge its exposure on forecasted transactions and firm commitments for certain currencies. Dell Technologies monitors its foreign currency exchange exposures to ensure the overall effectiveness of its foreign currency hedge positions. However, there can be no assurance that the foreign currency hedging activities will continue to substantially offset the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on Dell Technologies’ results of operations and financial position in the future.
Based on the EMC merger transaction.

Divestitures — On March 27, 2016, Dell entered into a definitive agreement with NTT Data International L.L.C. to divest substantially alloutstanding foreign currency hedge instruments of Dell Services for cash considerationTechnologies, which include designated and non-designated instruments, there was a maximum potential one-day loss in fair value at a 95% confidence level of approximately $3.0 billion, resulting$24 million as ofJanuary 31, 2020 and $29 million as of February 1, 2019 using a Value-at-Risk (“VAR”) model. By using market implied rates and incorporating volatility and correlation among the currencies of a portfolio, the VAR model simulates 10,000 randomly generated market prices and calculates the difference between the fifth percentile and the average as the Value-at-Risk. The VAR model is a risk estimation tool and is not intended to represent actual losses in fair value that could be incurred. Additionally, as Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency instruments for hedging forecasted and firmly committed transactions, a gain on sale, net of tax, of $1.7 billion. On November 2, 2016,loss in fair value for those instruments is generally offset by increases in the parties closed substantially allvalue of the transaction. On June 19, 2016, underlying exposure.

Interest Rate Risk

Dell entered intoTechnologies is primarily exposed to interest rate risk related to its variable-rate debt portfolio.

Variable-Rate Debt — As of January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies’ variable-rate debt consisted of $8.9 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, $4.0 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Margin Loan Facility, $1.5 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings, and $1.5 billion outstanding under the VMware Term Loan Facility. Amounts outstanding under these facilities generally bear interest at variable rates equal to applicable margins plus specified base rates or LIBOR-based rates. Accordingly, Dell Technologies is exposed to market risk based on fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings under the facilities where we do not mitigate the interest rate risk through the use of interest rate swaps. As of January 31, 2020, outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit and Margin Loan facilities accrued interest at an annual rate between 3.41% and 4.17%, whereas DFS borrowings accrued interest at an annual rate between 0.74% and 6.67%.

Based on the variable-rate debt outstanding as of January 31, 2020, a definitive agreement with Francisco Partners and Elliot Management Corporation to divest substantially all of Dell Software Group ("DSG") for cash consideration100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $2.4 billion, resulting$160 million in a gain on sale, net of tax, of $0.6 billion. On October 31, 2016, the parties closed the transaction. On September 12, 2016, EMC entered into a definitive agreement with OpenText Corporation to divest the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division ("ECD") for cash consideration of approximately $1.6 billion, resulting in a loss on sale, net of tax, of $0.4 billion. On January 23, 2017, the parties closed the transaction. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of Dell Services, DSG, and ECD, as well as the related gains or losses on sale, are presented as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Further, the Company has reclassified the related assets and liabilities as held for sale in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Seeannual interest expense. For more information about our debt, see Note 46 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.included in this report.


SecureWorks Initial Public Offering — On April 27, 2016, SecureWorks Corp. ("SecureWorks") completed a registered underwritten initial public offering ("IPO") of its Class A common stock. AsBy comparison, as of February 3, 2017,1, 2019, Dell Technologies had $12.7 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, $3.4 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Margin Loan Facility, and $1.9 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings. Based on this variable-rate debt outstanding as of February 1, 2019, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $179 million in annual interest expense.



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Equity Price Risk

Strategic Investments — Our strategic investments include privately held companies which are considered to be in the Company held approximately 87.5%start-up or development stages and are inherently risky. The technologies or products these companies have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize, which could result in a loss of a substantial part of our initial investment in the companies. We account for these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the outstanding equity interest in SecureWorks.same issuer. The resultsevaluation is based on information provided by these companies, which are not subject to the same disclosure obligations as U.S. publicly traded companies, and as such, the basis for these evaluations is subject to the timing and accuracy of the SecureWorks operations are included in other businesses. See Note 16data provided. The carrying value of our strategic investments without readily determinable fair values was $852 million and Note 22$671 million as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively.


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ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index
Page



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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Dell Technologies Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements for more information.and Internal Control over Financial Reporting


Going-Private TransactionOn October 29, 2013, Dell was acquired by Denali Holding Inc. (which changed its name toWe have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Dell Technologies Inc. on August 25, 2016) in a merger transaction pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger, datedits subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2020 and February 5, 2013,1, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholders' equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as amended. Dell Technologies is a Delaware corporation ownedthe “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by Michael S. Dellthe Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2020 and a separate property trustFebruary 1, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the benefit of Mr. Dell's wife (the "MD Stockholders"), investment funds affiliated with Silver Lake Partners (the "SLP Stockholders"), investment funds affiliated with MSD Partners, L.P. (the "MSDC Stockholders"), members of Dell Technologies' management, and other investors. Mr. Dell serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Dell Technologies.

Basis of Presentation — These Consolidated Financial Statements have been preparedthree years in accordancethe period ended January 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.


Change in Accounting Principle

As a resultdiscussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases as of February 2, 2019.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the EMC merger transaction completedeffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on September 7, 2016,Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's results forinternal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the fiscal periods reflectedPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in these Consolidated Financial Statements are not directly comparable. The resultsaccordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the businesses acquiredSecurities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the EMC merger transaction (the "acquired businesses")standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated results of Dell Technologies forfinancial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,accounting principles used and represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through February 3, 2017, the end of the fiscal year of Dell Technologies. The results of the acquired businesses are reported on the basis of Dell Technologies' fiscal year end to align with the fiscal periods for which Dell Technologies reports its results.

The Dell Technologies balance sheet reflects the full consolidation of EMC's assets and liabilities as a result of the close of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016. The Company's purchase accounting is substantially complete.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



NOTE 2— DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business — The Company is a strategically aligned family of businesses that offers a broad range of technology solutions, including desktops, notebooks, tablets, servers and networking products, storage products, cloud solutions products, services, software, and third-party software and peripherals.

Fiscal Year — The Company's fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest January 31. The fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 ("Fiscal 2017") was a 53-week period.

Principles of Consolidation — These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dell Technologies and its wholly-owned subsidiaries,significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the accounts of SecureWorks, VMware, Inc., and Pivotal Software, Inc. ("Pivotal"), companies which are majority-owned by Dell Technologies. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

On April 27, 2016, SecureWorks completed a registered underwritten IPO of its Class A common stock. As of February 3, 2017, Dell Technologies held approximately 87.5%overall presentation of the outstanding equity interestconsolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in SecureWorks. Since the datecircumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.



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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the IPO, the financial results of SecureWorks remain consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is the controlling stockholder of SecureWorks. The portionassets of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocablecompany; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to its other owners is shown as net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as an adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of SecureWorks allocable to those other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of SecureWorks attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of February 3, 2017.

As of February 3, 2017, Dell Technologies held approximately 82.5% of the outstanding equity interest in VMware. VMware's financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is VMware's controlling stockholder. The results of VMware presented in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through February 3, 2017, the end of the fiscal year of Dell Technologies. The portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to its other owners is shown as net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the cumulative portion of the results of operations of VMware allocable to those other owners, along with the interest in the net assets of VMware attributable to those other owners, is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of February 3, 2017.

As of February 3, 2017, Dell Technologies held approximately 77.8% of the outstanding equity interest in Pivotal. Pivotal's financial results have been consolidated with those of Dell Technologies as Dell Technologies is Pivotal's controlling stockholder. The results of Pivotal presented in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements represent the results of the acquired businesses from September 7, 2016, the date of the EMC merger transaction, through February 3, 2017, the end of the fiscal year of Dell Technologies. A portion of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal is held by third parties in the form of preferred equity instruments. Accordingly, there is no net income attributable to this portion of non-controlling interest in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The other portion of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal is held by third parties in the form of common stock. As such, there is net income (loss) attributable to this portion of non-controlling interest in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies stockholders. Additionally, the interest in the net assets of Pivotal attributable to those other owners is shown as a component of non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of February 3, 2017.

Use of Estimates — Thepermit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimatesgenerally accepted accounting principles, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statementsreceipts and the accompanying Notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — All highly liquid investments, including credit card receivables due from banks, with original maturities of 90 days or less at date of purchase, are reported at fair value and are considered to be cash equivalents. All other investments not considered to be cash equivalents are separately categorized as investments.

Investments — All debt security investments with effective maturities in excess of one year and substantially all equity and other securities are recorded as long-term investments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. In comparison,


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



debt security instruments with a remaining maturity shorter than one year are classified as short-term investments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Unrealized gain and loss positions on investments classified as available-for-sale are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of any related tax effect. Realized gains and losses and other-than-temporary impairments are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest and other, net. Investments accounted for under the cost method are recorded at cost initially, which approximates fair value. Subsequently, if there is an indicator of impairment, the impairment is recognized in interest and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — The Company recognizes an allowance for losses on accounts receivable in an amount equal to the estimated probable losses, net of recoveries. The allowance is based on an analysis of historical bad debt experience, current receivables aging, and expected future write-offs, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable customer accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. The expense associated with the allowance for doubtful accounts is recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Financing ReceivablesFinancing receivables are presented net of allowance for losses and consist of customer receivables and residual interest. Customer receivables include revolving loans and fixed-term leases and loans resulting primarily from the saleexpenditures of the Company's productscompany are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and services. The Company hastwo portfolios: (1) fixed-term leases and loans and (2) revolving loans, and assesses risk at the portfolio level to determine the appropriate allowance levels. The portfolio segments are further segregated into classes based on products, customer type, and credit risk evaluation: (1) Revolving - Dell Preferred Account ("DPA"); (2) Revolving - Dell Business Credit ("DBC"); (3) Fixed-term - Consumer and Small Commercial; and (4) Fixed-term - Medium and Large Commercial. Fixed-term leases and loans are offered to qualified small and medium-sized businesses, large commercial accounts, governmental organizations, and educational entities. Additionally, fixed-term loans are also offered to certain individual consumer customers. Revolving loans are offered under private label credit financing programs. The DPA revolving loan programs are offered to individual consumers and the DBC revolving loan programs are offered to small and medium-sized business customers.

The Company retains a residual interest in equipment leased under its fixed-term lease programs. The amountdirectors of the residual interest is established at the inceptioncompany; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the lease based upon estimates of the value of the equipment at the end of the lease term using historical studies, industry data, and future value-at-risk demand valuation methods. On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses the carrying amount of its recorded residual values for impairment. Anticipated declines in specific future residual values that are considered to be other-than-temporary are recorded currently in earnings.
Allowance for Financing Receivable Losses

The Company recognizes an allowance for losses on financing receivables in an amount equal to the probable losses net of recoveries. The allowance for losses is generally determined at the aggregate portfolio level based on a variety of factors, including historical and anticipated experience, past due receivables, receivable type, and customer risk profile. Customer account principal and interest are charged to the allowance for losses when an account is deemed to be uncollectible or generally when the account is 180 days delinquent. While the Company does not generally place financing receivables on non-accrual status during the delinquency period, accrued interest is included in the allowance for loss calculation and, therefore, the Company is adequately reserved in the event of charge off. Recoveries on receivables previously charged off as uncollectible are recorded to the allowance for financing receivables losses. The expense associated with the allowance for financing receivables losses is recognized as cost of net revenue. Both fixed and revolving receivable loss rates are affected by macro-economic conditions, including the level of gross domestic product ("GDP") growth, unemployment rates, the level of commercial capital equipment investment, and the credit quality of the borrower.

Asset Securitization

The Company transfers certain U.S. customer financing receivables to Special Purpose Entities ("SPEs") that meet the definition of a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") and are consolidated into the Consolidated Financial Statements. These SPEs are bankruptcy-remote legal entities with separate assets and liabilities. The purpose of the SPEs is to facilitate the funding of customer receivables in the capital markets. These SPEs have entered into financing arrangements with multi-seller conduits that, in turn, issue asset-backed debt securities in the capital markets. The asset securitizations in


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



the SPEs are accounted for as secured borrowings. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the impact of the consolidation.

InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost being determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances.

Property, Plant, and EquipmentProperty, plant, and equipment are carried at depreciated cost. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range fromten to thirty years for buildings and two to ten years for all other assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of five years or the lease term. Gains or losses related to retirementsunauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of fixedthe company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are recognizedsubject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the period during which the retirement or disposition occurs.

Capitalized Software Development Costs — In accordancedegree of compliance with the applicable accounting standards, software development costs relatedpolicies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the development of new product offerings are capitalized subsequentaudit committee and that (i) relate to the establishment of technological feasibility, which is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program designaccounts or working model, if no program design is completed. GAAP requires that annual amortization expense of the capitalized software development costs be the greater of the amounts computed using the ratio of gross revenue to a product's total current and anticipated revenues, or the straight-line method over the product's remaining estimated economic life. Capitalized costs are amortized over periods ranging from eighteen months to two years which represents the product's estimated economic life.
As of February 3, 2017, capitalized software development costs were $202 million and are included in other non-current assets, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amortization expense for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 was immaterial. Prior to the EMC merger transaction, there were no significant capitalized software development costs specific to the remaining legacy businesses of Dell Technologies Inc. due to the timing in the research and development process of establishing technological feasibility.

The Company capitalizes eligible internal-use software development costs incurred subsequent to the completion of the preliminary project stage. Development costs are amortized over the shorter of the expected useful life of the software or five years. Costs associated with maintenance and minor enhancements to the features and functionality of the Company's website are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable based on the undiscounted future cash flows of the assets. If the carrying amount of the asset is determined not to be recoverable, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or external appraisals, as applicable. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment at the individual asset or the asset group level for which the lowest level of independent cash flows can be identified.

Business Combinations — The Company accounts for business combinations, including the EMC merger transaction and the going-private transaction described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, using the acquisition method of accounting. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the EMC merger transaction. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, cumulative changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets recorded may change the amount of the purchase price allocable to goodwill. During the measurement period, which expires one year from the acquisition date, changes to any purchase price allocationsdisclosures that are material to the Company's consolidated financial results will be adjustedstatements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition- Identification of Performance Obligations in Revenue Contracts

As described in Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s contracts with customers often include the promise to transfer multiple goods and services to a customer. Distinct promises within a contract are referred to as performance obligations and are accounted for as separate units of account. Management assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the reporting period in whichcontract. This assessment involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the adjustment amount is determined.

In-process researchindividual promised goods or services and development costswhether such goods or services are recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and assessed for impairment thereafter until completion, at which point the asset is amortized over its expected useful life. All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred, and the results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the Consolidated Financial Statementsseparable from the acquisition date.other aspects of the contractual relationship. The Company’s performance obligations include various distinct goods and services such as hardware, software licenses, warranties, and other service offerings and solutions. For the year ended January 31, 2020, a significant portion of the $34 billion Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and $10.9 billion VMware reportable segment net revenues relate to contracts with multiple performance obligations.



The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management in identifying performance obligations in revenue contracts, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate whether performance obligations in revenue contracts were appropriately identified by management.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls related to the proper identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts. These procedures also included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of management’s identification of performance obligations by examining revenue contracts on a test basis.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




Intangible Assets Including Goodwill — Identifiable intangible assetsand Indefinite-lived Trade Names Impairment Assessments

As described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names balances were $41.7 billion and $3.8 billion as of January 31, 2020, respectively. The goodwill associated with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. In addition, intangible assets are reviewed for impairment if indicatorsthe Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and RSA Security (“RSA”) goodwill reporting units represent a portion of potential impairment exist.the total goodwill balance. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis inannually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or soonercircumstances may indicate that an impairment has occurred. Management performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test to measure the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit relative to its carrying amount, and to determine the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if an indicator of impairment occurs.

Foreign Currency Translationany. The majorityfair value of the Company's international salesgoodwill reporting units are madegenerally estimated using a combination of public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies which require significant judgment, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, current and anticipated economic conditions and trends, selection of market multiples through assessment of the reporting unit’s performance relative to peer competitors, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate and discount rate of the Company’s business, and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. The fair value of the indefinite-lived trade names is generally estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies. The discounted cash flow methodology requires significant judgment, including estimation of future revenue, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate of the Company’s business and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and royalty rates.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments is a critical audit matter are that there was significant judgment by international subsidiaries, mostmanagement when developing the fair value measurements of the ISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, which havein turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s selection of market multiples and cash flow projections, including significant assumptions related to long-term revenue growth rates and the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. The Company's subsidiaries that do not havediscount rate. In addition, the U.S. dollar as their functional currency translate assetsaudit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and liabilities at current rates of exchangeknowledge to assist in effect atevaluating the balance sheet date. Revenue and expensesaudit evidence obtained from these international subsidiaries are translated usingprocedures.

Addressing the monthly average exchange ratesmatter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in effect forconnection with forming our overall opinion on the period in whichconsolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the transactions occur. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a componenteffectiveness of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI") in stockholders' equity.

Local currency transactions of international subsidiaries that have the U.S. dollar as the functional currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars using the current rates of exchange for monetary assetscontrols relating to management’s goodwill and liabilities and historical rates of exchange for non-monetary assets and liabilities. Gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are included in interest and other, net.

Hedging Instruments — The Company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forwards, options, and swaps, to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking hedge transactions, are formally documented. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are measured at fair value. Hedge accounting is applied based upon the criteria established by accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Derivatives are assessed for hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recognized currently in earnings as a component of interest and other, net. For derivatives that are not designated as hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the Company recognizes the change in the instrument's fair value currently in earnings as a component of interest and other, net. The Company's hedge portfolio includes non-designated derivatives and derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.

For derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges, hedge ineffectiveness is measured by comparing the cumulative change inindefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments, including controls over the fair value of the hedge contract withISG and RSA reporting units and indefinite-lived trade names. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the cumulative changefair value estimates, evaluating the appropriateness of the public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies, testing completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the methodologies, and evaluating the reasonableness of management’s selection of market multiples, and significant assumptions used by management in estimating the fair value of the hedged item, both of which are based on forward rates. The Company records the effective portionISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the gain or loss onindefinite-lived trade names, including the derivative instrumentlong-term revenue growth rates and the discount rate. Evaluating the assumptions related to the long-term revenue growth rates involved evaluating whether assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the past performance of each reporting unit and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, consistency with third-party industry data, and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss),areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted future cash flow methodologies and certain assumptions, including the discount rate.

Intra-entity Transfer of Intellectual Property Rights

As described in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed two intra-entity asset transfers of certain of its intellectual property (the “IP”) to Irish subsidiaries, resulting in discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion. The tax benefit for each intra-entity asset transfer was recorded as a separate component of stockholders' equity, and reclassifies the gain or loss into earningsdeferred tax asset in the period duringof transaction and represents the book and tax basis difference on the transferred assets measured based on the IP’s current fair value and applicable Irish statutory tax rate. The Company applied significant judgment when determining the fair value of the IP, which serves as the hedged transaction is recognizedtax basis of the deferred tax asset, and in earnings.

Cash flows from derivative instruments are presentedevaluating the associated tax laws in the same category on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the cash flows from the underlying hedged items. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company's derivative financial instrument activities.applicable jurisdictions.


Revenue Recognition — Net revenue primarily includes sales of hardware, services, software licenses, and peripherals. The Company recognizes revenue for these products and services when it is realized or realizable and earned. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the Company's fee to its customer is fixed or determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. This policy is applicable to all sales, including sales to resellers and end-users.

Revenue from certain third-party software sales and extended warranties for third-party products, for which the Company does not meet the criteria for gross revenue recognition, is recognized on a net basis. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis.

The following summarizes the major terms of contractual relationships with customers and the manner in which the Company accounts for sales transactions.





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Products

Product revenue consists of computer hardware, enterprise hardware, and software licenses salesThe principal considerations for our determination that are delivered, sold as a subscription or sold on a consumption basis. Computer hardware and enterprise hardware include notebooks and desktop PCs, servers, storage hardware, and other hardware-related devices. Software license sales include optional, stand-alone software applications. Software applications provide customers with resource management, backup and archiving, information security, information management and intelligence, data analytics and server virtualization capabilities. Revenue from the sale of hardware products and systems is recognized when title and risk of loss passperforming procedures relating to the customer. Deliveryintra-entity transfers of the intellectual property rights is considered completea critical audit matter are (i) there was significant judgment by management when products have been shippeddetermining the fair value of certain of the intellectual property subject to the Company's customer, titleintra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and riskin evaluating the associated application of loss have transferredtax laws in the applicable jurisdictions, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in applying procedures relating to the customer, and customer acceptance has been satisfied. Customer acceptance is satisfied if acceptance is obtained from the customer, if all acceptance provisions lapse, or if the Company has evidence that all acceptance provisions have been satisfied. Depending on the naturereasonableness of the arrangement, revenue from software license sales is generally recognized upon shipment or electronic delivery. For certain arrangements, revenue is recognized based on usage or ratably over the term of the arrangement.  License revenue from royalty arrangements is recognized upon either receipt of royalty reports or payments from third parties.

The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated customer sales returns, rebates, and certain other customer incentive programs. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined by historical experience, contractual terms, and current conditions. The primary factors affecting the Company's accrual for estimated customer returns include estimated return rates as well as the number of units shipped that have a right of return that has not expired as of the balance sheet date. If returns cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until a reliable estimate can be made or the return right lapses.

The Company sells its products directly to customers as well as through other distribution channels, such as retailers, distributors, and resellers. The Company recognizes revenue on these sales when the reseller has economic substance apart from the Company; any credit risk has been identified and quantified; title and risk of loss have passed to the sales channel; the fee paid to the Company is not contingent upon resale or payment by the end user; and the Company has no further obligations related to bringing about resale or delivery.

Sales through the Company's distribution channels are primarily made under agreements allowing for limited rights of return, price protection, rebates, and marketing development funds. The Company has generally limited return rights through contractual caps or has an established selling history for these arrangements. Therefore, there is sufficient data to establish reasonable and reliable estimates of returns for the majority of these sales. To the extent price protection or return rights are not limited and a reliable estimate cannot be made, all of the revenue and related costs are deferred until the product has been sold to the end-user or the rights expire. The Company records estimated reductions to revenue or an expense for distribution channel programs at the later of the offer or the time revenue is recognized.
The Company defers the cost of shipped products awaiting revenue recognition until revenue is recognized.

Services

Services revenue consists of hardware and software maintenance, installation services, professional services, training revenue, third-party software revenue, and software sold as a service. The Company recognizes revenue from fixed-price support or maintenance contracts sold for both hardware and software ratably over the contract period and recognizes the costs associated with these contracts as incurred. For sales of extended warranties with a separate contract price, the Company defers revenue equal to the separately stated price. Revenue associated with undelivered elements is deferred and recorded when delivery occurs or services are provided. Revenue from extended warranty and service contracts, for which the Company is obligated to perform, is recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized over the term of the contract on a straight-line basis or when the service is completed and the costs associated with these contracts are recognized as incurred.

Multiple Deliverables

When an arrangement has more than one element, such as hardware, software, and services contained in a single arrangement, the Company first allocates revenue based upon the relative selling price into two categories: (1) non-software components, such as hardware and any hardware-related items, such as required system software that functions with the hardware to deliver the essential functionality of the hardware and related post-contract customer


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support, software as a service subscriptions and other services; and (2) software components, such as optional software applications and related items, such as post-contract customer support and other services. The Company then allocates revenue within the non-software category to each element based upon its relative selling price using a hierarchy of vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), third-party evidence of selling price ("TPE"), or estimated selling prices ("ESP"), if VSOE or TPE does not exist. The Company allocates revenue within the software category to the undelivered elements based upon their fair value using VSOE, with the residual revenue allocated to the delivered elements. If the Company cannot objectively determine the VSOEmanagement’s determination of the fair value of any undelivered software element, it defers revenuecertain of the intellectual property subject to the intra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and in evaluating the associated application of tax laws in the applicable jurisdiction and (ii) the audit effort also involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained from these procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the accounting for all software components until all elements are deliveredcertain of the intra-entity transfers of the intellectual property, including controls over management’s review of the underlying agreements, determination of the tax basis, and services have been performed, untilmanagement's assessment of the tax laws applicable to the transfer of a license for intellectual property. These procedures also included, among others, (i) examination of the underlying agreements, (ii) testing the information used in the calculation of the deferred tax asset, including management’s estimate of the fair value can objectively be determinedof certain of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for any remaining undelivered elements, or until software maintenance is the only undelivered element, in which case revenue is recognized overdeferred tax asset and evaluating the maintenance term for all software elements.

The Company allocates the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elementstax laws applicable to the amount that is not subject to forfeiture or refund or contingent on the future delivery of products or services.

Customers under software maintenance agreements are entitled to receive updates and upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis, and various types of technical support based on the level of support purchased. In the event specific features, functionality, entitlements, or the release version of an upgrade or new product have been announced but not delivered, and customers will receive that upgrade or new product as part of a current software maintenance contract, a specified upgrade is deemed created and product revenues are deferred on purchases made after the announcement date until deliverytransfer of the upgrade or new product. The amountintellectual property, and elements(iii) testing the calculation of the deferred tax asset. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to be deferred are dependent on whetherassist in the Company has established VSOEevaluation of management’s determination of the fair value of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for the upgrade or new product.

Other

The Company records revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as product revenue in an amount equal to the present value of minimum lease payments at the inceptiondeferred tax asset and applicability of the lease. Sales-type leases also produce financingIrish income which is included in net products revenue intax laws and regulations.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Austin, Texas
March 27, 2020

We have served as the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and is recognized at consistent rates of return over the lease term. Revenue from operating leases is recognized over the lease period. The Company also offers qualified customers revolving credit lines for the purchase of products and services offered by the Company. Financing income attributable to these revolving loans is recognized in net products revenue on an accrual basis.Company’s auditor since 1986.


The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

Standard Warranty Liabilities — The Company records warranty liabilities for its standard limited warranty at the time of sale for the estimated costs that may be incurred under its limited warranty. The liability for standard warranties is included in accrued and other current and other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The specific warranty terms and conditions vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which the Company does business, but generally includes technical support, parts, and labor over a period ranging from one to three years. Factors that affect the Company's warranty liability include the number of installed units currently under warranty, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those units, and cost per claim to satisfy the Company's warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary factor impacting the estimated warranty obligation. The other factors are less significant due to the fact that the average remaining aggregate warranty period of the covered installed base is approximately 17 months, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at pre-established amounts with service providers. Warranty claims are relatively predictable based on historical experience of failure rates. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated warranty liability. Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue is recorded when billings have been generated or payments have been received for undelivered products or services, or in the situation where revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services, software maintenance, unearned license fees, and deferred profit on third-party software offerings. Deferred revenue is recognized on these items when the revenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. We also have deferred revenue related to




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undelivered hardware and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized as our obligations under the contract are completed.

Vendor Rebates and Settlements — The Company may receive consideration from vendors in the normal course of business. Certain of these funds are rebates of purchase price paid and others are related to reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company to sell the vendor's products. The Company recognizes a reduction of cost of goods sold and inventory if the funds are determined to be a reduction of the price of the vendor's products. If the consideration is a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company to sell or develop the vendor's products, then the consideration is classified as a reduction of that cost, most often operating expenses, in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). In order to be recognized as a reduction of operating expenses, the reimbursement must be for a specific, incremental, and identifiable cost incurred by the Company in selling the vendor's products or services.

In addition, the Company may settle commercial disputes with vendors from time to time. Claims for loss recoveries are recognized when a loss event has occurred, recovery is considered probable, the agreement is finalized, and collectibility is assured. Amounts received by the Company from vendors for loss recoveries are generally recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold.

Loss Contingencies — The Company is subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company considers the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as the Company's ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.

Shipping Costs — The Company's shipping and handling costs are included in cost of net revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Selling, General, and Administrative — Selling expenses include items such as sales salaries and commissions, marketing and advertising costs, and contractor services. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015, advertising expenses were $772 million, $594 million, and $582 million, respectively. General and administrative expenses include items for the Company's administrative functions, such as finance, legal, human resources, and information technology support. These functions include costs for items such as salaries, maintenance and supplies, insurance, depreciation expense, and allowance for doubtful accounts.

Research and Development — Research and development ("R&D") costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs include salaries and benefits and other personnel-related costs associated with product development. Also included in R&D expenses are infrastructure costs, which consist of equipment and material costs, facilities-related costs, depreciation expense, and intangible asset amortization.

Income Taxes — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company calculates a provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized by identifying the temporary differences arising from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. The Company provides valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, where appropriate. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence for each jurisdiction, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, the Company will make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period in which such determination is made.

The accounting guidance for uncertainties in income tax prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits and a consideration of the relevant taxing authority's administrative practices and precedents.


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Stock-Based Compensation — The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for all share-based awards granted based on the estimated fair value of those awards at grant date. For service-based stock options, the Company typically estimates the fair value of these awards using the Black-Scholes valuation model and for performance-based stock options, the Company estimates the fair value of these awards using the Monte Carlo valuation model.

The compensation cost of service-based stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units is recognized net of any estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the employee requisite service period.  Compensation cost for performance-based options, containing a market condition, is recognized on a graded accelerated basis net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. Forfeiture rates are estimated at grant date based on historical experience and adjusted in subsequent periods for differences in actual forfeitures from those estimates.  See Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of stock-based compensation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements


See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our Consolidated Financial Statements.



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ITEM 7A — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Dell Technologies is exposed to a variety of market risks, including risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate changes affecting its variable-rate debt, and changes in the market value of equity investments. In the normal course of business, Dell Technologies employs established policies and procedures to manage these risks.

Foreign Currency Risk

During Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019, the principal foreign currencies in which Dell Technologies transacted business were the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, British Pound, and Canadian Dollar. The objective of Dell Technologies in managing its exposures to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations is to reduce the impact of adverse fluctuations associated with foreign currency exchange rate changes on earnings and cash flows. Accordingly, Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency option contracts and forward contracts to hedge its exposure on forecasted transactions and firm commitments for certain currencies. Dell Technologies monitors its foreign currency exchange exposures to ensure the overall effectiveness of its foreign currency hedge positions. However, there can be no assurance that the foreign currency hedging activities will continue to substantially offset the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on Dell Technologies’ results of operations and financial position in the future.
Based on the outstanding foreign currency hedge instruments of Dell Technologies, which include designated and non-designated instruments, there was a maximum potential one-day loss in fair value at a 95% confidence level of approximately $24 million as ofJanuary 31, 2020 and $29 million as of February 1, 2019 using a Value-at-Risk (“VAR”) model. By using market implied rates and incorporating volatility and correlation among the currencies of a portfolio, the VAR model simulates 10,000 randomly generated market prices and calculates the difference between the fifth percentile and the average as the Value-at-Risk. The VAR model is a risk estimation tool and is not intended to represent actual losses in fair value that could be incurred. Additionally, as Dell Technologies utilizes foreign currency instruments for hedging forecasted and firmly committed transactions, a loss in fair value for those instruments is generally offset by increases in the value of the underlying exposure.

Interest Rate Risk

Dell Technologies is primarily exposed to interest rate risk related to its variable-rate debt portfolio.

Variable-Rate Debt — As of January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies’ variable-rate debt consisted of $8.9 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, $4.0 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Margin Loan Facility, $1.5 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings, and $1.5 billion outstanding under the VMware Term Loan Facility. Amounts outstanding under these facilities generally bear interest at variable rates equal to applicable margins plus specified base rates or LIBOR-based rates. Accordingly, Dell Technologies is exposed to market risk based on fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings under the facilities where we do not mitigate the interest rate risk through the use of interest rate swaps. As of January 31, 2020, outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit and Margin Loan facilities accrued interest at an annual rate between 3.41% and 4.17%, whereas DFS borrowings accrued interest at an annual rate between 0.74% and 6.67%.

Based on the variable-rate debt outstanding as of January 31, 2020, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $160 million in annual interest expense. For more information about our debt, see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.

By comparison, as of February 1, 2019, Dell Technologies had $12.7 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities, $3.4 billion of outstanding borrowings under its Margin Loan Facility, and $1.9 billion of outstanding DFS borrowings. Based on this variable-rate debt outstanding as of February 1, 2019, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in an increase of approximately $179 million in annual interest expense.



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Equity Price Risk

Strategic Investments — Our strategic investments include privately held companies which are considered to be in the start-up or development stages and are inherently risky. The technologies or products these companies have under development are typically in the early stages and may never materialize, which could result in a loss of a substantial part of our initial investment in the companies. We account for these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the same issuer. The evaluation is based on information provided by these companies, which are not subject to the same disclosure obligations as U.S. publicly traded companies, and as such, the basis for these evaluations is subject to the timing and accuracy of the data provided. The carrying value of our strategic investments without readily determinable fair values was $852 million and $671 million as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively.


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ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Dell Technologies Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Dell Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholders' equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases as of February 2, 2019.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.



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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition- Identification of Performance Obligations in Revenue Contracts

As described in Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s contracts with customers often include the promise to transfer multiple goods and services to a customer. Distinct promises within a contract are referred to as performance obligations and are accounted for as separate units of account. Management assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the contract. This assessment involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the individual promised goods or services and whether such goods or services are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. The Company’s performance obligations include various distinct goods and services such as hardware, software licenses, warranties, and other service offerings and solutions. For the year ended January 31, 2020, a significant portion of the $34 billion Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and $10.9 billion VMware reportable segment net revenues relate to contracts with multiple performance obligations.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management in identifying performance obligations in revenue contracts, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate whether performance obligations in revenue contracts were appropriately identified by management.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls related to the proper identification of performance obligations in revenue contracts. These procedures also included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of management’s identification of performance obligations by examining revenue contracts on a test basis.



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Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Trade Names Impairment Assessments

As described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names balances were $41.7 billion and $3.8 billion as of January 31, 2020, respectively. The goodwill associated with the Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”) and RSA Security (“RSA”) goodwill reporting units represent a portion of the total goodwill balance. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances may indicate that an impairment has occurred. Management performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test to measure the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit relative to its carrying amount, and to determine the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any. The fair value of the goodwill reporting units are generally estimated using a combination of public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies which require significant judgment, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, current and anticipated economic conditions and trends, selection of market multiples through assessment of the reporting unit’s performance relative to peer competitors, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate and discount rate of the Company’s business, and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. The fair value of the indefinite-lived trade names is generally estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies. The discounted cash flow methodology requires significant judgment, including estimation of future revenue, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate of the Company’s business and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and royalty rates.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments is a critical audit matter are that there was significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurements of the ISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s selection of market multiples and cash flow projections, including significant assumptions related to long-term revenue growth rates and the discount rate. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained from these procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill and indefinite-lived trade names impairment assessments, including controls over the fair value of the ISG and RSA reporting units and indefinite-lived trade names. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates, evaluating the appropriateness of the public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodologies, testing completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the methodologies, and evaluating the reasonableness of management’s selection of market multiples, and significant assumptions used by management in estimating the fair value of the ISG and RSA reporting units and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, including the long-term revenue growth rates and the discount rate. Evaluating the assumptions related to the long-term revenue growth rates involved evaluating whether assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the past performance of each reporting unit and certain of the indefinite-lived trade names, consistency with third-party industry data, and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted future cash flow methodologies and certain assumptions, including the discount rate.

Intra-entity Transfer of Intellectual Property Rights

As described in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed two intra-entity asset transfers of certain of its intellectual property (the “IP”) to Irish subsidiaries, resulting in discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion. The tax benefit for each intra-entity asset transfer was recorded as a deferred tax asset in the period of transaction and represents the book and tax basis difference on the transferred assets measured based on the IP’s current fair value and applicable Irish statutory tax rate. The Company applied significant judgment when determining the fair value of the IP, which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset, and in evaluating the associated tax laws in the applicable jurisdictions.



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The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the intra-entity transfers of the intellectual property rights is a critical audit matter are (i) there was significant judgment by management when determining the fair value of certain of the intellectual property subject to the intra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and in evaluating the associated application of tax laws in the applicable jurisdictions, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in applying procedures relating to the reasonableness of management’s determination of the fair value of certain of the intellectual property subject to the intra-entity asset transfers which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset and in evaluating the associated application of tax laws in the applicable jurisdiction and (ii) the audit effort also involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained from these procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the accounting for certain of the intra-entity transfers of the intellectual property, including controls over management’s review of the underlying agreements, determination of the tax basis, and management's assessment of the tax laws applicable to the transfer of a license for intellectual property. These procedures also included, among others, (i) examination of the underlying agreements, (ii) testing the information used in the calculation of the deferred tax asset, including management’s estimate of the fair value of certain of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for the deferred tax asset and evaluating the tax laws applicable to the transfer of the intellectual property, and (iii) testing the calculation of the deferred tax asset. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of management’s determination of the fair value of the intellectual property which serves as the tax basis for the deferred tax asset and applicability of the Irish income tax laws and regulations.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Austin, Texas
March 27, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1986.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(in millions)
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets: 
  
Cash and cash equivalents$9,302
 $9,676
Accounts receivable, net12,484
 12,371
Short-term financing receivables, net4,895
 4,398
Inventories, net3,281
 3,649
Other current assets6,906
 6,044
Total current assets36,868
 36,138
Property, plant, and equipment, net6,055
 5,259
Long-term investments864
 1,005
Long-term financing receivables, net4,848
 4,224
Goodwill41,691
 40,089
Intangible assets, net18,107
 22,270
Other non-current assets10,428
 2,835
Total assets$118,861
 $111,820
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SHARES, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities: 
  
Short-term debt$7,737
 $4,320
Accounts payable20,065
 19,213
Accrued and other9,773
 8,495
Short-term deferred revenue14,881
 12,944
Total current liabilities52,456
 44,972
Long-term debt44,319
 49,201
Long-term deferred revenue12,919
 11,066
Other non-current liabilities5,383
 6,327
Total liabilities115,077
 111,566
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)


 


Redeemable shares (Note 17)629
 1,196
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):   
Common stock and capital in excess of $0.01 par value (Note 14)16,091
 16,114
Treasury stock at cost(65) (63)
Accumulated deficit(16,891) (21,349)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(709) (467)
Total Dell Technologies Inc. stockholders’ deficit(1,574) (5,765)
Non-controlling interests4,729
 4,823
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)3,155
 (942)
Total liabilities, redeemable shares, and stockholders’ equity (deficit)$118,861
 $111,820


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
Net revenue: 
    
Products$69,918
 $70,707
 $60,898
Services22,236
 19,914
 18,142
Total net revenue92,154
 90,621
 79,040
Cost of net revenue:     
Products54,525
 57,889
 51,433
Services8,696
 7,679
 7,070
Total cost of net revenue63,221
 65,568
 58,503
Gross margin28,933
 25,053
 20,537
Operating expenses:     
Selling, general, and administrative21,319
 20,640
 18,569
Research and development4,992
 4,604
 4,384
Total operating expenses26,311
 25,244
 22,953
Operating income (loss)2,622
 (191) (2,416)
Interest and other, net(2,626) (2,170) (2,353)
Loss before income taxes(4) (2,361) (4,769)
Income tax benefit(5,533) (180) (1,843)
Net income (loss)5,529
 (2,181) (2,926)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests913
 129
 (77)
Net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,616
 $(2,310) $(2,849)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. — basic:  
Dell Technologies Common Stock
$6.38
    
Class V Common Stock  $6.01
 $1.63
DHI Group  $(6.02) $(5.61)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. — diluted:  
Dell Technologies Common Stock
$6.03
    
Class V Common Stock  $5.91
 $1.61
DHI Group  $(6.04) $(5.62)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
Net income (loss)$5,529
 $(2,181) $(2,926)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax     
Foreign currency translation adjustments(226) (631) 791
Available-for-sale investments:     
Change in unrealized gains
 2
 31
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income (loss)
 43
 2
Net change in market value of investments
 45
 33
Cash flow hedges:     
Change in unrealized gains (losses)269
 299
 (248)
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses included in net income (loss)(226) (225) 134
Net change in cash flow hedges43
 74
 (114)
Pension and other postretirement plans:     
Recognition of actuarial net gains (losses) from pension and other postretirement plans(60) (21) 13
Reclassification adjustments for net losses from pension and other1
 
 
Net change in actuarial net gains (losses) from pension and other postretirement plans(59) (21) 13
      
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense (benefit) of $(14), $14, and $12, respectively(242) (533) 723
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax5,287
 (2,714) (2,203)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests913
 129
 (77)
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 6
 (2)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,374
 $(2,849) $(2,124)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions; continued on next page)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:   
  
Net income (loss)$5,529
 $(2,181) $(2,926)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization6,143
 7,746
 8,634
Stock-based compensation expense1,262
 918
 835
Deferred income taxes(6,339) (1,331) (2,605)
Provision for doubtful accounts — including financing receivables178
 172
 164
Impairments619
 190
 
Other141
 394
 590
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:     
Accounts receivable(286) (1,104) (1,590)
Financing receivables(1,329) (1,302) (1,653)
Inventories311
 (1,445) (325)
Other assets(1,435) (534) (1,395)
Accounts payable894
 952
 3,779
Deferred revenue3,727
 3,418
 2,748
Accrued and other liabilities(124) 1,098
 587
Change in cash from operating activities9,291
 6,991
 6,843
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Investments:     
Purchases(181) (925) (4,389)
Maturities and sales497
 6,612
 3,878
Capital expenditures(2,241) (1,158) (1,212)
Capitalized software development costs(335) (339) (369)
Acquisition of businesses, net(2,455) (912) (658)
Divestitures of businesses, net
 142
 
Asset acquisitions, net(8) (59) (96)
Asset dispositions, net(3) (12) (59)
Other40
 40
 30
Change in cash from investing activities(4,686) 3,389
 (2,875)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(continued; in millions)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Share repurchases for tax withholdings of equity awards(547) (387) (385)
Dividends paid to VMware, Inc.’s public stockholders
 (2,134) 
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock658
 805
 132
Repurchases of Class V Common Stock
 (14,000) (723)
Repurchases of common stock of subsidiaries(3,006) (56) (724)
Proceeds from debt20,481
 13,045
 14,415
Repayments of debt(22,117) (11,451) (12,258)
Other(73) (151) (54)
Change in cash from financing activities(4,604) (14,329) 403
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(90) (189) 175
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(89) (4,138) 4,546
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the period10,240
 14,378
 9,832
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period$10,151
 $10,240
 $14,378
Income tax paid$1,414
 $747
 $924
Interest paid$2,500
 $2,347
 $2,192

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in millions; continued on next page)

 Common Stock and Capital in Excess of
Par Value
 Treasury Stock          
 DHI Group Class V Common Stock DHI Group Class V Common Stock          
 Issued Shares Amount Issued Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Dell Technologies
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 Non-Controlling Interests 
Total Stockholders Equity (Deficit)
Balances as of February 3, 2017569
 $10,158
 223
 $10,041
 
 $(10) 14
 $(742) $(4,095) $(595) $14,757
 5,821
 20,578
Adjustment for adoption of accounting standard (Note 2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 84
 
 84
 
 84
Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (2,849) 
 (2,849) (77) (2,926)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 791
 791
 
 791
Investments, net change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35
 35
 (2) 33
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (114) (114) 
 (114)
Pension and other post-retirement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13
 13
 
 13
Issuance of common stock2
 (31) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (31) 
 (31)
Stock-based compensation expense
 109
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 109
 730
 839
Treasury stock repurchases
 
 
 
 1
 (6) 10
 (682) 
 
 (688) 
 (688)
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 (153) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (153) 
 (153)
Impact from equity transactions of non-controlling interests
 (235) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (235) (706) (941)
Balances as of February 2, 2018571
 $9,848
 223
 $10,041
 1
 $(16) 24
 $(1,424) $(6,860) $130
 $11,719
 $5,766
 $17,485

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in millions; continued on next page)

 Common Stock and Capital in Excess of
Par Value
 Treasury Stock          
 DHI Group Class V Common Stock DHI Group Class V Common Stock          
 Issued Shares Amount Issued Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Dell Technologies
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 Non-Controlling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balances as of February 2, 2018571
 $9,848
 223
 $10,041
 1
 $(16) 24
 $(1,424) $(6,860) $130
 $11,719
 $5,766
 $17,485
Adjustment for adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 58
 (58) 
 (5) (5)
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (2,310) 
 (2,310) 129
 (2,181)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (631) (631) 
 (631)
Investments, net change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39
 39
 6
 45
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 74
 74
 
 74
Pension and other post-retirement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (21) (21) 
 (21)
Issuance of common stock150
 6,845
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (6,872) 
 (27) 
 (27)
Stock-based compensation expense
 99
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 99
 819
 918
Treasury stock repurchases
 
 
 
 1
 (47) 
 
 
 
 (47) 
 (47)
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 (812) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (812) 
 (812)
Repurchase of Class V Common Stock
 
 (223) (10,041) 
 
 (24) 1,424
 (5,365) 
 (13,982) 
 (13,982)
Impact from equity transactions of non-controlling interests
 134
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 134
 (1,892) (1,758)
Balances as of February 1, 2019721
 $16,114
 
 $
 2
 $(63) 
 $
 $(21,349) $(467) $(5,765) $4,823
 $(942)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(continued; in millions)

 Common Stock and Capital in Excess of Par Value Treasury Stock          
 Dell Technologies Common Stock (a)          
 Issued Shares Amount Shares Amount Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Dell Technologies
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 Non-Controlling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balances as of February 1, 2019721
 $16,114
 2
 $(63) $(21,349) $(467) $(5,765) $4,823
 $(942)
Adjustment for adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)
 
 
 
 3
 
 3
 
 3
Net income
 
 
 
 4,616
 
 4,616
 913
 5,529
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
 (226) (226) 
 (226)
Cash flow hedges, net change
 
 
 
 
 43
 43
 
 43
Pension and other post-retirement
 
 
 
 
 (59) (59) 
 (59)
Issuance of common stock24
 345
 
 
 
 
 345
 
 345
Stock-based compensation expense
 225
 
 
 
 
 225
 1,037
 1,262
Treasury stock repurchases
 
 
 (2) 
 
 (2) 
 (2)
Revaluation of redeemable shares
 567
 
 
 
 
 567
 
 567
Impact from equity transactions of non-controlling interests
 (1,160) 
 
 (161) 
 (1,321) (2,044) (3,365)
Balances as of January 31, 2020745
 $16,091
 2
 $(65) $(16,891) $(709) $(1,574) $4,729
 $3,155
_________________
(a) See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Dell Technologies Common Stock.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION

References in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to the “Company” or “Dell Technologies” mean Dell Technologies Inc. individually and together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation — These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to “VMware” mean the VMware reportable segment, which reflects the operations of VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW) within Dell Technologies.

EMC Merger Transaction — On September 7, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of EMC Corporation (“EMC”) by merger (the “EMC merger transaction”). The consolidated results of EMC are included in Dell Technologies’ consolidated results presented in these financial statements.

VMware, Inc. Acquisition of Pivotal — On December 30, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Pivotal Software, Inc. (“Pivotal”) by merger (the “Pivotal acquisition”), with Pivotal surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of VMware, Inc. Each outstanding share of Pivotal’s Class A common stock (other than shares held by Pivotal stockholders who properly exercised their appraisal rights under Delaware law) was converted into the right to receive $15.00 in cash, without interest, and each outstanding share of Pivotal’s Class B common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.0550 of a share of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. Dell Technologies, which held all outstanding shares of Pivotal’s Class B common stock, received approximately 7.2 million shares of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. in the transaction. As of the transaction date, Pivotal’s Class A common stock (NYSE: PVTL) ceased to be listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

Due to the Company’s ownership of a controlling interest in Pivotal, the Company and VMware, Inc. accounted for the acquisition of the controlling interest in Pivotal as a transaction by entities under common control, and, consequently, the transaction had no net effect to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Subsequent to the Pivotal acquisition, Pivotal operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of VMware, Inc. and Dell Technologies reports Pivotal results within the VMware reportable segment. Prior to the Pivotal acquisition, Pivotal results were reported within Other businesses. This change in Pivotal segment classification was reflected retrospectively and is presented in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For VMware, Inc. financial reporting purposes, the acquisition of the controlling interest in Pivotal qualifies as a change in reporting entity, specifically a change in the specific subsidiaries that make up the group for which VMware, Inc. financial statements are presented. As a result, VMware, Inc. was required to retrospectively adjust its financial statements to include the net assets received and related results of operations of Pivotal, for all periods during which Pivotal and VMware, Inc. were under common control of Dell Technologies.

Revenue Reclassification — For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, Dell Technologies made certain reclassifications of net revenue between the products and services categories on the Consolidated Statement of Net Income (Loss). The reclassifications were made to provide a more meaningful representation of the nature of certain service and software-as-a-service offerings of VMware, Inc. Prior period results were recast to conform with these changes, and resulted in an increase to services revenue and an equal and offsetting decrease to product revenue in the following amounts: $584 million for the nine months ended November 1, 2019; $580 million for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019; and $353 million for the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018. Total net revenue as previously reported remains unchanged. The Company did not recast cost of goods sold for the related revenue reclassifications due to immateriality.



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NOTE 2 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business — The Company is a leading global end-to-end technology provider that offers a broad range of comprehensive and integrated solutions, which include servers and networking products, storage products, cloud solutions products, desktops, notebooks, services, software, and third-party software and peripherals.

The Company’s fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period ending on the Friday nearest January 31. The fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018 were 52-week periods.

Principles of Consolidation — These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Dell Technologies and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as the accounts of VMware, Inc., Pivotal, and SecureWorks Corp. (“Secureworks”), each of which is majority-owned by Dell Technologies, except for Pivotal, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of VMware, Inc. as of December 30, 2019 upon completion of the acquisition of Pivotal’s non-controlling interest. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — All highly liquid investments, including credit card receivables due from banks, with original maturities of 90 days or less at date of purchase, are reported at fair value and are considered to be cash equivalents. All other investments not considered to be cash equivalents are separately categorized as investments.

Investments — All equity and other securities are recorded as long-term investments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Strategic investments in publicly-traded companies are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets. Strategic investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values are recorded at cost, less impairment, and are adjusted for observable price changes. Fair value measurements and impairments for strategic investments are recognized in interest and other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). In evaluating equity investments without readily determinable fair values for impairment or observable price changes, the Company uses inputs that include pre- and post-money valuations of recent financing events and the impact of those events on its fully diluted ownership percentages, as well as other available information regarding the issuer’s historical and forecasted performance.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — The Company recognizes an allowance for losses on accounts receivable in an amount equal to the estimated probable losses, net of recoveries. The allowance is based on an analysis of current receivables aging and expected future write-offs, as well as an assessment of specific identifiable customer accounts considered at risk or uncollectible. The expense associated with the allowance for doubtful accounts is recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Accounting for Operating Leases as a Lessee — In its ordinary course of business, the Company enters into leases as a lessee for office buildings, warehouses, employee vehicles, and equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating leases result in the recognition of right of use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, measured on a discounted basis. At lease inception, the lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The operating lease ROU asset equals the lease liability adjusted for any initial direct costs, prepaid or deferred rent, and lease incentives. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. Incremental borrowing rates used to determine the present value of lease payments were derived by reference to the Company’s secured-debt yields corresponding to the lease commencement date.



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The lease term may include options to extend or to terminate the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term in most instances. The Company has elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Lease expense on such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not generate material sublease income and has no material related party leases. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company’s office building agreements contain costs such as common area maintenance and other executory costs that are variable in nature. Variable lease costs are expensed as incurred. The Company combines lease and non-lease components, such as common area and other maintenance costs, in calculating the ROU assets and lease liabilities for its office buildings and employee vehicles. Under certain service agreements with third-party logistics providers, the Company directs the use of the inventory within the warehouses and, therefore, controls the assets. The warehouses and some of the equipment used are considered embedded leases. The Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components separately. The lease components consist of the warehouses and some of the equipment, such as conveyor belts. The non-lease components consist of services and other shared equipment, such as material handling and transportation. The Company allocates the consideration to the lease and non-lease components using their relative standalone values. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Accounting for Leases as a Lessor — The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary Dell Financial Services and its affiliates (“DFS”) act as a lessor to provide equipment financing to customers through a variety of lease arrangements (“DFS leases”). Subsequent to the adoption of amended accounting guidance for leasing transactions (the “new lease standard”), new DFS leases are classified as sales-type leases, direct financing leases, or operating leases. Direct financing leases under the new lease standard are immaterial. Leases that commenced prior to the adoption of the new lease standard were not reassessed or restated pursuant to the practical expedients elected and will continue to be accounted for under previous lease accounting guidance.

When a contract includes lease and non-lease components, DFS allocates consideration under the contract to each component based on relative standalone selling price. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer control to the lessee, the contract is typically classified as a sales-type lease. Through these arrangements, the lessee has the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and has the right to direct the use of such asset during the period of use. In many arrangements, the lessee also retains ownership at the end of the lease term. On commencement of sales-type leases, the Company recognizes profit up-front, and amounts due from the customer under the lease contract are recognized as financing receivables on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Interest income is recognized as Net revenue over the term of the lease based on the effective interest method. The Company has elected not to include sales and other taxes collected from the lessee as part of lease revenue.

All other leases that do not meet the definition of a sales-type lease or direct financing lease are classified as operating leases. The underlying asset in an operating lease arrangement is carried at depreciated cost as “Equipment under operating leases” within Property, plant, and equipment, net on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the term of the underlying lease contract and is recognized as Cost of net revenue. The depreciable basis is the original cost of the equipment less the estimated residual value of the equipment at the end of the lease term. The Company recognizes operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term and expenses deferred initial direct costs on the same basis. Impairment of equipment under operating leases is assessed on the same basis as other long-lived assets.

DFS provides lessees with the option to extend the lease or purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term, which is considered when evaluating lease classification. In general, DFS’s lease arrangements do not have variable payment terms and are non-cancelable.

See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding DFS leasing arrangements.



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Financing Receivables — Financing receivables are presented net of allowance for losses and consist of customer receivables and residual interest. Gross customer receivables includes amounts due from customers under revolving loans, fixed-term loans, fixed-term sales-type or direct financing leases, and accrued interest. The Company has two portfolios, consisting of (1) fixed-term leases and loans and (2) revolving loans, and assesses risk at the portfolio level to determine the appropriate allowance levels. The portfolio segments are further segregated into classes based on products, customer type, and credit risk evaluation: (1) Revolving — Dell Preferred Account (“DPA”); (2) Revolving — Dell Business Credit (“DBC”); and (3) Fixed-term — Consumer and Commercial. Fixed-term leases and loans are offered to qualified small and medium-sized businesses, large commercial accounts, governmental organizations, and educational entities. Additionally, fixed-term loans are also offered to certain individual consumer customers. Revolving loans are offered under private label credit financing programs. The DPA revolving loan programs are primarily offered to individual consumers and the DBC revolving loan programs are primarily offered to small and medium-sized business customers.

The Company retains a residual interest in equipment leased under its fixed-term lease programs. The amount of the residual interest is established at the inception of the lease based upon estimates of the value of the equipment at the end of the lease term using historical studies, industry data, and future value-at-risk demand valuation methods. On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses the carrying amount of its recorded residual values for impairment. Anticipated declines in specific future residual values that are considered to be other-than-temporary are recorded currently in earnings. Generally, residual value risk on equipment under lease is not considered to be significant because of the existence of a secondary market with respect to the equipment. The lease agreement also clearly defines applicable return conditions and remedies for non-compliance, to ensure that the leased equipment will be in good operating condition upon return. Model changes and updates, as well as market strength and product acceptance, are monitored and adjustments are made to residual values in accordance with the significance of any such changes. The remarketing sales staff works closely with customers and dealers to manage the sale of lease returns and the recovery of residual exposure. As of January 31, 2020, the Company has not recorded significant residual value impairment.

Allowance for Financing Receivables Losses — The Company recognizes an allowance for losses on financing receivables in an amount equal to the probable losses net of recoveries. The allowance for losses is generally determined at the aggregate portfolio level based on a variety of factors, including historical and anticipated experience, past due receivables, receivable type, and customer risk profile. Customer account principal and interest are charged to the allowance for losses when an account is deemed to be uncollectible or generally when the account is 180 days delinquent. While the Company does not generally place financing receivables on non-accrual status during the delinquency period, accrued interest is included in the allowance for loss calculation and, therefore, the Company is adequately reserved in the event of charge off. Recoveries on receivables previously charged off as uncollectible are recorded to the allowance for financing receivables losses. The expense associated with the allowance for financing receivables losses is recognized as cost of net revenue. Both fixed and revolving receivable loss rates are affected by macroeconomic conditions, including the level of gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth, unemployment rates, the level of commercial capital equipment investment, and the credit quality of the borrower.

Asset Securitization — The Company transfers certain U.S. and European customer loan and lease payments and associated equipment to Special Purpose Entities (“SPEs”) that meet the definition of a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) and are consolidated into the Consolidated Financial Statements. These SPEs are bankruptcy-remote legal entities with separate assets and liabilities. The purpose of the SPEs is to facilitate the funding of customer loan and lease payments and associated equipment in the capital markets. These SPEs have entered into financing arrangements with multi-seller conduits that, in turn, issue asset-backed debt securities in the capital markets. The asset securitizations in the SPEs are accounted for as secured borrowings. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the impact of the consolidation.

Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost being determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances.



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Property, Plant, and Equipment — Property, plant, and equipment are carried at depreciated cost. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated economic lives of the assets or the lease term. The estimated useful lives of the Company’s property, plant, and equipment are generally as follows:
Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment3-5 years
Equipment under operating leasesTerm of underlying lease contract
Buildings10-30 years or term of underlying land lease
Leasehold improvementsShorter of 5-20 years or lease term
Machinery and equipment3-5 years


Gains or losses related to retirements or dispositions of fixed assets are recognized in the period during which the retirement or disposition occurs.

Capitalized Software Development Costs — Software development costs related to the development of new product offerings are capitalized subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility, which is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program design or working model, if no program design is completed. The Company amortizes capitalized costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the products, which generally range from two to four years.

As of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, capitalized software development costs were $679 million and $617 million, respectively, and are included in other non-current assets, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018 was $273 million, $211 million, and $82 million, respectively.

The Company capitalizes certain internal and external costs to acquire or create internal use software which are incurred subsequent to the completion of the preliminary project stage. Development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the expected useful life of the software or five years. Costs associated with maintenance and minor enhancements to the features and functionality of the Company’s website are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows expected from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset is determined not to be recoverable, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or external appraisals, as applicable. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Business Combinations — The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. During the measurement period, which expires one year from the acquisition date, if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, cumulative changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets recorded may change the amount of the purchase price allocable to goodwill. If material, the amount will be adjusted in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on business combinations.

In-process research and development costs are recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and assessed for impairment thereafter until completion, at which point the asset is amortized over its expected useful life. All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred, and the results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the acquisition date.

Intangible Assets Including Goodwill — Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the asset may be impaired. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred.



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Foreign Currency Translation — The majority of the Company’s international sales are made by international subsidiaries, some of which have the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency. The Company’s subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency translate assets and liabilities at current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses from these international subsidiaries are translated using either the monthly average exchange rates in effect for the period in which the activity was recognized or the specific daily exchange rate associated with the date the transactions actually occur. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) in stockholders’ equity (deficit).

Local currency transactions of international subsidiaries that have the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency are remeasured into U.S. Dollars using the current rates of exchange for monetary assets and liabilities and historical rates of exchange for nonmonetary assets and liabilities. Gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are included in interest and other, net.

Hedging Instruments — The Company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward contracts, options, and swaps, to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking hedge transactions, are formally documented. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are measured at fair value.

The Company’s hedge portfolio includes non-designated derivatives and derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. For derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges, the Company assesses hedge effectiveness at the onset of the hedge, then performs qualitative assessments at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative. The gain or loss on cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (deficit), and reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings. For derivatives that are not designated as hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the Company recognizes the change in the instrument’s fair value currently in earnings as a component of interest and other, net.

Cash flows from derivative instruments are presented in the same category on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the cash flows from the underlying hedged items. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s derivative financial instrument activities.

Revenue Recognition — The Company sells a wide portfolio of products and services to its customers. The Company’s agreements have varying requirements depending on the goods and services being sold, the rights and obligations conveyed, and the legal jurisdiction of the arrangement.

Revenue is recognized for these arrangements based on the following five steps:

(1)
Identify the contract with a customer. The term “contract” refers to the enforceable rights and obligations provided in an agreement between the Company and the customer in exchange for payment. The Company evaluates facts and circumstances regarding sales transactions in order to identify contracts with its customers. An agreement must meet all of the following criteria to qualify as a contract eligible for revenue recognition under the model: (i) the contract must be approved by all parties who are committed to perform their respective obligations; (ii) each party’s rights regarding the goods and services to be transferred to the customer can be identified; (iii) the payment terms for the goods and services can be identified; (iv) the customer has the ability and intent to pay and it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled; and (v) the contract must have commercial substance. Judgment is used in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based upon various factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or customer credit and financial information.
(2)
Identify the performance obligations in the contract.  The Company’s contracts with customer often include the promise to transfer multiple goods and services to a customer. Distinct promises within a contract are referred to as “performance obligations” and are accounted for as separate units of account. The Company assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the contract. This assessment involves subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the individual promised goods or services and whether such goods or services are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. Promised goods and services are considered distinct provided that: (i) the customer can benefit from the


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good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer (that is, the good or service is capable of being distinct); and (ii) the Company’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (that is, the promise to transfer the good or service is distinct within the context of the contract). The Company’s performance obligations include various distinct goods and services such as hardware, software licenses, warranties, and other service offerings and solutions. Promised goods and services are explicitly identified in the Company’s contracts and may be sold on a standalone basis or bundled as part of a combined solution. In certain hardware solutions, the hardware is highly interdependent on, and interrelated with, the embedded software. In these offerings, the hardware and software licenses are accounted for as a single performance obligation.

(3)
Determine the transaction price.  The transaction price reflects the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount to which it expects to be entitled using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Generally, volume discounts, rebates, and sales returns reduce the transaction price. In determining the transaction price, the Company only includes amounts that are not subject to significant future reversal.

(4)
Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. When a contract includes multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated in proportion to the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each performance obligation.

The best evidence of SSP is the observable price of a good or service when the Company sells that good or service separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If a directly observable price is available, the Company will utilize that price for the SSP. If a directly observable price is not available, the SSP must be estimated. The Company estimates SSP by considering multiple factors, including, but not limited to, pricing practices, internal costs, and profit objectives as well as overall market conditions, which include geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, and competitor actions.

(5)
Recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with the Company’s customer are satisfied. Revenue is recognized either over time or at a point in time, depending on when the underlying products or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue is recognized at a point in time for products upon transfer of control. Revenue is recognized over time for support and deployment services, software support, software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), and infrastructure-as-a-service (“IaaS”). Revenue is recognized either over time or at a point in time for professional services and training depending on the nature of the offering to the customer.

The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrently with specific revenue-producing transactions.

The Company has elected the following practical expedients with the adoption of the new revenue standard:

The Company does not account for significant financing components if the period between revenue recognition and when the customer pays for the product or service will be one year or less.

The Company recognizes revenue equal to the amount it has a right to invoice when the amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance to date.

The Company does not account for shipping and handling activities as a separate performance obligation, but rather as an activity performed to transfer the promised good.



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The following summarizes the nature of revenue recognized and the manner in which the Company accounts for sales transactions.

Products

Product revenue consists of hardware and software license sales that are delivered, sold as a subscription, or sold on a consumption basis. Hardware includes notebooks and desktop PCs, servers, storage hardware, and other hardware-related devices. Software license sales include non-essential software applications. Software applications provide customers with resource management, backup and archiving, information security, information management and intelligence, data analytics, and server virtualization capabilities.

Revenue from Contractsthe sale of hardware products is recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which typically occurs when the hardware has been shipped to the customer, risk of loss has transferred to the customer, the Company has a present right to payment, and customer acceptance has been satisfied. Customer acceptance is satisfied if acceptance is obtained from the customer, if all acceptance provisions lapse, or if the Company has evidence that all acceptance provisions will be, or have been, satisfied. Revenue from software license sales is generally recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which is typically upon shipment, electronic delivery, or when the software is available for download by the customer. For certain software arrangements in which the customer is granted a right to additional unspecified future software licenses, the Company’s promise to the customer is considered a stand-ready obligation in which the transfer of control and revenue recognition will be over time. Invoices for products are generally issued as control transfers, which is typically upon shipment or delivery. There was no significant revenue in any period presented related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods.

Services

Services revenue consists of revenue from sales of support services, including hardware support that extends beyond the Company’s standard warranties, software maintenance, and installation; professional services; training; SaaS; and IaaS. Revenue associated with Customersundelivered performance obligations is deferred and recognized when or as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue from fixed-price support or maintenance contracts sold for both hardware and software is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of performance because the Company is required to provide services at any given time. Other services revenue is recognized when the Company performs the services and the customer receives and consumes the benefits.

Invoices for services may be issued at the start of a service term, which is typically the case for support and deployment services, or as services are rendered, which is typically the case for professional services, training, SaaS, and IaaS.

Other

Revenue from leasing arrangements is not subject to the revenue standard for contracts with customers and remains separately accounted for under existing lease accounting guidance. The Company records operating lease rental revenue as product revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company records revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as product revenue in an amount equal to the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease. Sales-type leases also produce financing income, which is included in products net revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and is recognized at effective rates of return over the lease term. The Company also offers qualified customers fixed-term loans and revolving credit lines for the purchase of products and services offered by the Company. Financing income attributable to these loans is recognized in products net revenue on an accrual basis.

Disaggregation of RevenueThe Company’s revenue is presented on a disaggregated basis on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements based on an evaluation of disclosures outside of the financial statements, information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for evaluating the financial performance of operating segments, and other information that is used to evaluate the Company’s financial performance or make resource allocations. This information includes revenue from products and services, revenue from reportable segments, and revenue by major product categories within the segments.



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Contract Assets — Contract assets are rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when such a right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Such amounts have been insignificant to date.

Contract Liabilities — Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is recorded when the Company has a right to invoice or payments have been received for undelivered products or services, or in situations where revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Deferred revenue also represents amounts received in advance for extended warranty services and software maintenance. Revenue is recognized on these items when the revenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. The Company also has deferred revenue related to undelivered hardware and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized when the Company’s performance obligations under the contract are completed. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about deferred revenue.

Costs to Obtain a Contract The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract primarily consist of sales commissions and employer taxes related to commission payments. The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, to expense as incurred costs to obtain a contract equal to or less than one year in duration. For contracts greater than one year in duration, the associated costs to obtain a contract are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. Deferred costs to obtain a contract are typically amortized over an average period of three to seven years, depending on the contract term and expectation of the period of benefit for the costs, which may exceed the contract term. Amortization expense is recognized on a straight-line basis and included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

The Company periodically reviews these deferred costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the carrying value or period of benefit of the deferred sales commissions. There were no material impairment losses for deferred costs to obtain a contract during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018.

Deferred costs to obtain a contract as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019 were $1.6 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. Deferred costs to obtain a contract are classified as current assets and other non-current assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, based on when the expense is expected to be recognized. Amortization of costs to obtain a contract during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018 was $675 million, $517 million, and $292 million, respectively.

Standard Warranty Liabilities — The Company records warranty liabilities for estimated costs of fulfilling its obligations under standard limited hardware and software warranties at the time of sale. The liability for standard warranties is included in accrued and other current and other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The specific warranty terms and conditions vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which the Company does business, but generally includes technical support, parts, and labor over a period ranging from one to three years. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of installed units currently under warranty, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those units, and cost per claim to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary factor impacting the estimated warranty obligation. The other factors are less significant due to the fact that the average remaining aggregate warranty period of the covered installed base is approximately 18 months, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at preestablished amounts with service providers. Warranty claims are relatively predictable based on historical experience of failure rates. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated warranty liability. Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Vendor Rebates and Settlements — The Company may receive consideration from vendors in the normal course of business. Certain of these funds are rebates of purchase price paid and others are related to reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company to sell the vendor’s products. The Company recognizes a reduction of cost of goods sold if the funds are determined to be a reduction of the price of the vendor’s products. If the consideration is a reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company to sell or develop the vendor’s products, then the consideration is classified as a reduction of such costs, most often operating expenses, in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). In May 2014,order to be recognized as a reduction of operating


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expenses, the reimbursement must be for a specific, incremental, and identifiable cost incurred by the Company in selling the vendor’s products or services.

In addition, the Company may settle commercial disputes with vendors from time to time. Claims for loss recoveries are recognized when a loss event has occurred, recovery is considered probable, the agreement is finalized, and collectibility is assured. Amounts received by the Company from vendors for loss recoveries are generally recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold.

Loss Contingencies — The Company is subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company considers the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as the Company’s ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required.

Shipping Costs — The Company’s shipping and handling costs are included in cost of net revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Selling, General, and Administrative — Selling expenses include items such as sales salaries and commissions, marketing and advertising costs, contractor services, and allowance for doubtful accounts. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, advertising expenses were $1.3 billion, $1.1 billion, and $1.0 billion, respectively. General and administrative expenses include items for the Company’s administrative functions, such as finance, legal, human resources, and information technology support. These functions include costs for items such as salaries and benefits and other personnel-related costs, maintenance and supplies, outside services, intangible asset amortization, and depreciation expense.

Research and Development — Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs include salaries and benefits and other personnel-related costs associated with product development. Also included in R&D expenses are infrastructure costs, which consist of equipment and material costs, facilities-related costs, and depreciation expense.

Income Taxes — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company calculates a provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized by identifying the temporary differences arising from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the tax impact of including Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) in U.S. taxable income as a period cost. The Company provides valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, where appropriate. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence for each jurisdiction, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, the Company will make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period in which such a determination is made.

The accounting guidance for uncertainties in income tax prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits and a consideration of the relevant taxing authority’s administrative practices and precedents.

Stock-Based Compensation — The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for all share-based awards granted based on the estimated fair value of those awards at grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of service-based stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. To estimate the fair value of performance-based awards containing a market condition, the Company uses the Monte Carlo valuation model. The fair value of all other share-based awards is based on the closing price of the Class C Common Stock as reported on the NYSE on the date of grant.



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The compensation cost of service-based stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units is recognized net of any estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the employee requisite service period. Compensation cost for performance-based awards is recognized on a graded accelerated basis net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. Forfeiture rates are estimated at grant date based on historical experience and adjusted in subsequent periods for differences in actual forfeitures from those estimates. See Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of stock-based compensation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"(“FASB”) issued amended guidance which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology for measurement of credit losses on financial instruments with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Adoption of the standard will be applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as of the effective date beginning February 1, 2020. The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have an immaterial impact on accounts receivable, net, financing receivables, net, and accumulated deficit in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance on a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud-computing arrangement when hosted by a vendor. In a hosting arrangement that is a service contract, certain implementation costs should be capitalized and amortized over the term of the arrangement. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt this standard using the prospective approach as of the effective date beginning February 1, 2020, and does not expect adoption to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, Income Taxes, and by clarifying and amending existing guidance in order to improve consistent application of GAAP for other areas of Topic 740. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact and timing of adoption of this guidance.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Leases — In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for leasing transactions. The primary objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and an ROU asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The guidance also results in some changes to lessor accounting and requires additional disclosures about all leasing arrangements.

The Company adopted the new lease standard as of February 2, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of the adoption date. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient using the transition option whereby prior comparative periods were not retrospectively adjusted in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, prior comparative periods have not been adjusted in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients that does not require reassessment of initial direct costs, classification of a lease, and definition of a lease.

The adoption of the new lease standard resulted in the recognition of $1.6 billion in operating lease liabilities and related ROU assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company recorded an immaterial adjustment to stockholders’ equity (deficit) as of February 2, 2019 to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption of the new lease standard. As of February 2, 2019, there were no material finance leases for which the Company was a lessee.



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In the area of lessor accounting, as of February 2, 2019, the Company began to originate operating leases due to the elimination of third-party residual value guarantee insurance from the sales-type lease classification test. Leases that commenced prior to the adoption of the new lease standard were not reassessed or restated pursuant to the practical expedients elected. Accordingly, there was no cumulative adjustment to stockholders’ equity (deficit) related to lessor accounting.

See Note 4 and Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the Company’s leases from a lessor and lessee perspective, respectively.

Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIn May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The objective of the new standard is to establishestablished a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersedesupersedes substantially all of the existingprevious revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also provides guidance on the accounting for costs to fulfill or obtain a customer contract. Further, the new standard requires additional disclosures to help enable users of the financial statements to better understand the nature, amount, timing, risks, and judgments related to revenue recognition and related cash flows from contracts with customers.

In August 2015, Concurrently, the FASB approvedissued guidance on the accounting for costs to fulfill or obtain a one-year deferral ofcustomer contract. The Company adopted these standards during the effective date of this standard. Public entities are requiredthree months ended May 4, 2018 using the full retrospective method, which requires the Company to adopt the new standard for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The new revenue standard may be applied retrospectively torecast each prior period presented (full retrospective method) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application in retained earnings (modified retrospective method). The Company currently anticipates adopting this standard retrospectively to each prior period presented for the fiscal year beginning February 3, 2018.

While the Company is currently evaluating the financial and system impacts that the new standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company expects that unearned license revenue related to the sale of software licenses and related deliverables will decline upon adoption. Currently, the Company defers revenue for certain software arrangements due to the absence of vendor specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of fair value for all or a portion of the deliverables. Under the new standard, the Company will no longer be required to establish VSOE of fair value in order to account for elements in an arrangement as separate units of accounting, and will be able to record revenue upon satisfaction of each performance obligation. Additionally, the Company expects the new standard to have an impact in the way the transaction price is allocated for certain non-standard warranties. The new standard is expected to result in more of the aggregate transaction price related to the non-standard warranty being recorded as revenue upon delivery of the underlying product, because the Company will no longer defer revenue based on the separately stated price of the non-standard warranty provided under the contract. The Company continues to make progress in assessing the impacts of the standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and will continue to evaluate the impact of any changes to the standard or interpretations should they become available.

Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs — In April 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance which changes the classification of debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The new guidance requires debt issuance costs to be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability consistent with the presentation of debt discounts, rather than as an asset. The guidance related to recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs remains unchanged.new guidance. The Company implemented the new presentation in the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 onrecorded a retrospective basis, and except for the reclassificationcredit of debt issuance costs of $128 millionapproximately $1 billion to retained earnings as of January 29, 2016 into reflect the accompanying Consolidated Statementscumulative effect of Financial Position, there was no other impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.adoption.


Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on Recognition and Measurementthat generally requires changes in the fair value of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The standard addresses certain aspectsequity investments, other than those accounted for under the equity method, to be recognized through net income, rather than other comprehensive income. For equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the Company is no longer permitted to use the cost method of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Public entities must adopt the new


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guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017.accounting. The Company does not expect thathas elected to apply the standard will havemeasurement alternative for those investments. Under the alternative, the Company measures investments without readily determinable fair values at cost, less impairment, adjusted by observable price changes on a material impact onprospective basis. The Company must make a separate election to use the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accountingalternative for leasing transactions. The primary objective of this updateeach eligible investment and is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements.  Public entities must adopt the new guidance for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Companies are required to use a modified retrospective approachreassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting — In March 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for employee share-based payments. The topics that were amended in the update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements will depend on the Company's stock price at the awards' vest dates or exercise dates and the number of awards that vest or exercise in each period.  Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016.alternative. The Company adopted this standard during the updated standard effective Februarythree months ended May 4, 2017. The updated standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Measurement2018. Adoption of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may adopt the amendments in the new standard as of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, earlier adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have onwas applied through a cumulative one-time adjustment to accumulated deficit of $56 million for the Consolidated Financial Statements.accumulated unrealized gain previously recorded in other comprehensive income.


Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation and classification of eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. Companies should reflect any adjustments on a retrospective basis, if practicable; otherwise, adoption is required to be applied as of the earliest date practicable.  The Company adopted this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018.

Statement of Cash Flows, Restricted Cash — In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance requiring entities to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash balances on the cash flow statement, and also to provide a supplemental reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Companies should reflect any adjustments on a retrospective basis, if practicable, otherwise adoption is required to be applied asThe Company adopted this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018. See Note 20 of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption as well as the impact that the standard will have onNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements for supplemental cash flow information.


Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory — In October 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers, other than transfers of inventory, when the transfer occurs instead of when the asset is sold to a third party, as current GAAP requires. Public entities must adopt the new guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an annual period.party. The new guidance is required toshould be applied retrospectivelyon a modified-retrospective basis with the cumulative effect recognizedcumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company plans to adoptearly adopted this guidance during the guidance in the first quarter of Fiscal 2018.three months ended May 5, 2017.  At adoption, approximately $83$84 million will bewas reclassified from other non-current liabilities to retained earnings, resulting in a net credit to retained earnings.




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Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment — In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the amendments in the new guidance, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit'sunit’s fair value. Public entities must adopt the new guidance in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. In conjunction with its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment testing which occurs during the third fiscal quarter of each year, the Company elected to early adopt this guidance during the three months ended November 2, 2018. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about goodwill impairment testing.

Derivatives and HedgingIn August 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance that will make more financial and non-financial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting. The amended guidance changes how companies assess effectiveness, and also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements. The guidance is intended to simplify the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. Immediate early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. The Company elected to early adopt this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018. The impact of the adoption of the standard was immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income In February 2018, theFASB issued guidance that will permit entities to reclassify the tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income to accumulated deficit as a result of U.S. Tax Reform, discussed in Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The guidance gives entities the option to reclassify these amounts, but requires new disclosures regardless of whether they elect to do so. The guidance is currently evaluatingeffective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt this standard during the three months ended May 4, 2018 and recorded the impact of the new guidance and timingadoption as a cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. The impact of the adoption but does not expect thatwas immaterial to the standard will have an impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.






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NOTE 3BUSINESS COMBINATIONSFAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENTS

EMC Merger Transaction

On September 7, 2016, EMC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company as a result of the merger of Merger Sub with and into EMC, with EMC surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The EMC merger transaction was effected pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2015, by and among the Company, Dell, Merger Sub, and EMC, as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 16, 2016, by and among the Company, Dell, Merger Sub, and EMC.

Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, upon the completion of the EMC merger transaction, each issued and outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of EMC (approximately 2.0 billion as of September 7, 2016) was converted into the right to receive (1) $24.05 in cash, without interest, and (2) 0.11146 validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock of the Company designated as Class V Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Class V Common Stock"), plus cash in lieu of any fractional shares. Shares of the Class V Common Stock were approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the ticker symbol "DVMT" and began trading on September 7, 2016.

The Class V Common Stock is a type of common stock commonly referred to as a tracking stock, which is a class of common stock that is intended to track the economic performance of a defined set of assets and liabilities. The approximately 223 million shares of Class V Common Stock issued by Dell Technologies on September 7, 2016 are intended to track the economic performance of approximately 65% of the Company's economic interest in the Class V Group as of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction. As of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction, the Class V Group, which consists of the Company's economic interest in the VMware business, consisted of approximately 343 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of VMware held by the Company. As of such date, the DHI Group retained approximately 35% of the Company's economic interest in the Class V Group. The DHI Group generally refers, in addition to such retained interest, to the direct and indirect interest of Dell Technologies in all of Dell Technologies' business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable to the Class V Group.

Although the Class V Common Stock is intended to track the performance of approximately 65% of the Company's economic interest in the VMware business as of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction, there can be no assurance that the market price of the Class V Common Stock will, in fact, reflect the performance of such economic interest. Holders of the Class V Common Stock are subject to all risks associated with an investment in Dell Technologies and all of its businesses, assets, and liabilities. The holders of the Class V Common Stock do not have any special rights related to, direct ownership interest in, or recourse against the assets and liabilities attributed to the Class V Group. While the Class V Group initially consists of the Company's economic interest in the shares of VMware Class A common stock attributed to it, the Class V Group in the future may have different assets and liabilities attributed to it.

EMC, including its subsidiaries and affiliates, enables customers to build cloud-based infrastructures for existing applications while at the same time helping customers build and run new applications. EMC's businesses include Information Storage, VMware, Pivotal, RSA Information Security, and Virtustream. The EMC merger transaction represents a key element of the Company's strategy to provide the essential infrastructure for organizations to build their digital future, transform IT, and protect their most important asset, information. Revenues of approximately $9.2 billion and net loss of approximately $2.1 billion attributable to EMC are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) from the transaction date to February 3, 2017. Both revenues and net loss attributable to EMC include the impact of purchase accounting as a result of the EMC merger transaction.



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Fair Value of Consideration Transferred

The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to effect the EMC merger transaction:
 Purchase Price
 (in millions)
Consideration transferred:
Cash$47,694
Expense and other (a)968
Class V Common Stock (b)10,041
Total consideration transferred58,703
Non-controlling interests (c)6,048
Less: Post-merger stock compensation expense (d)(800)
Total purchase price to allocate$63,951
____________________
(a) Expense and other primarily consists of cash payment for post-merger stock compensation expense, as described in footnote (d), and the value related to pre-merger services of EMC equity awards converted to deferred cash awards.
(b)The fair value of the Class V Common Stock is based on the issuance of approximately 223 million shares with a per-share fair value of $45.07 (the opening share price of the Class V Common Stock on the NYSE on September 7, 2016, the first day of trading), which shares are intended to track the economic performance of approximately 65% of the Company's economic interest in the VMware business, as of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction.
(c)Non-controlling interests in VMware and Pivotal was $6.0 billion as of September 7, 2016. The fair value of the non-controlling interest related to VMware was calculated by multiplying outstanding shares of VMware common stock that were not owned by EMC by $73.28 (the opening share price of VMware Class A common stock on the NYSE on September 7, 2016). The fair value of the non-controlling interest relating to Pivotal was calculated based on the fair value of Pivotal, the ownership percentage of the non-controlling interests, and a discount for lack of control related to the non-controlling interest.
(d)Pursuant to the guidelines of ASC 805, a portion of the consideration related to accelerated EMC equity awards was recorded as post-merger day one stock compensation expense. This expense is attributable to post-merger services not rendered due to the acceleration.

Subsequent to the EMC merger transaction date, the Company recorded adjustments that increased goodwill by a net amount of approximately $264 million, decreased the fair value of VMware non-controlling interests by approximately $49 million, and increased the deferred tax liability associated with fair value adjustments primarily related to purchased intangibles and inventories by approximately $313 million. These adjustments primarily resulted from new information about facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the acquisition.


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Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The EMC merger transaction has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by major class as of the transaction date. The Company's purchase accounting is substantially complete. The cumulative impact of any subsequent changes resulting from the facts and circumstances that existed as of the transaction date will be adjusted in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined.
 Preliminary Allocation
 (in millions)
Preliminary purchase price allocation (a): 
Current assets:��
Cash and cash equivalents$10,080
Short-term investments1,765
Accounts receivable (b)2,810
Short-term financing receivables64
Inventories, net1,993
Other current assets903
Total current assets17,615
Property, plant, and equipment4,490
Long-term investments4,317
Long-term financing receivables, net65
Goodwill (c)31,539
Purchased intangibles (d)31,218
Other non-current assets445
Total assets$89,689
Current liabilities: 
Short-term debt$905
Accounts payable728
Accrued and other3,259
Short-term deferred revenue (e)4,954
Total current liabilities9,846
Long-term debt5,474
Long-term deferred revenue (e)3,469
Deferred tax liabilities6,625
Other non-current liabilities324
Total liabilities$25,738
Total net assets$63,951
____________________
(a)Includes amounts allocated to ECD, which were classified as held for sale as of February 3, 2017. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on discontinued operations.
(b)Accounts receivable is comprised primarily of customer trade receivables. As such, the fair value of accounts receivable approximates the net carrying value of $2,810 million. The gross amount due is $2,919 million, of which $109 million is not expected to be collected.
(c)The Company recorded $31.5 billion in goodwill related to this transaction, which is primarily related to expected synergies from the transaction. This amount represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed associated with this transaction. This goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for preliminary goodwill allocation by reportable segment.
(d)Identifiable intangible assets are required to be measured at fair value. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is determined primarily using variations of the income approach, which is based on the present value of the future after-tax cash flows attributable to each identifiable intangible asset. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the


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development of intangible asset values, from the perspective of a market participant, include, but are not limited to, the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including revenue and profitability); the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows; the assessment of the asset's life cycle; the competitive trends impacting the asset; technology migration factors; and customer turnover.
(e) Deferred revenue represents the fair value of remaining performance obligations and was determined based on estimates of costs incurred to-date by the acquiree or costs to be incurred by the Company and a reasonable profit margin. Profit margins were determined based on comparable service provider margins, and the resulting profits were discounted using market participant discount rates to determine fair value.

The preliminary fair values of EMC's identifiable intangible assets and their weighted-average useful lives have been estimated as follows:
 Estimated Fair Value Weighted Average Useful Life
 (in millions) (in years)
Developed technology$13,460
 6
Customer relationships13,440
 11
Trade names (Indefinite lived)2,320
 Indefinite
Trade names (Definite lived)980
 8
In-process research and development (a)890
 Indefinite
Leasehold assets128
 25
Total identifiable intangible assets$31,218
  
____________________
(a) In-process research and development is expected to be placed in to service during the first quarter of the fiscal year ending February 2, 2018.

The total weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets subject to amortization is 8 years.

Acquisition-related Costs

From inception through February 3, 2017, the Company incurred $1.2 billion of acquisition-related costs in connection with the EMC merger transaction. Of this amount, as of February 3, 2017, $0.7 billion are capitalized debt issuance costs which were primarily presented as a direct reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt liability in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The remaining $0.5 billion of costs were recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the periods presented as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Acquisition-related costs:   
Selling, general, and administrative expenses (a)$261
 $40
Interest and other, net (b)271
 
Total$532
 $40
____________________
(a) Acquisition-related costs recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses primarily consist of outside services.
(b) Acquisition-related costs recognized in interest and other, net consist of both initially expensed debt issuance costs and the subsequent amortization of amounts capitalized as of the transaction date.

In addition to the acquisition-related costs disclosed above, the Company incurred $0.8 billion in stock-based compensation charges related to the acceleration of vesting on EMC stock awards, and $0.1 billion in special retention cash awards issued to certain key employees. These expenses were primarily recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.


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Pro Forma Revenue and Earnings

The following table provides unaudited pro forma results of operations for the periods presented as if the transaction date had occurred on January 31, 2015, the first day of Fiscal 2016.
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Total net revenue$74,225
 $73,138
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(3,200) $(6,013)

The pro forma information for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 combines the Company's historical results for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 with EMC's historical results for the period from February 1, 2016 to September 6, 2016. The pro forma information for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016 combines the Company's historical results for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016 with EMC's historical results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. The historical results have been adjusted in the pro forma information to give effect to items that are (a) directly attributable to the EMC merger transaction, (b) factually supportable, and (c) expected to have a continuing impact on the combined company's results. The unaudited pro forma results include the recognition of non-recurring purchase accounting adjustments related to the step-up of inventory of $0.7 billion as well as the recognition of non-recurring transaction and integration costs, including accelerated stock-based compensation expense, of $1.5 billion in the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016.

The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what the combined company's results of operations or financial condition would have been had the EMC merger transaction actually occurred on the date indicated, and does not purport to project the combined company's results of operations for any future period or as of any future date.







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NOTE 4— DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Dell Services Divestiture — On March 27, 2016, Dell entered into a definitive agreement with NTT Data International L.L.C. to divest substantially all of Dell Services. On November 2, 2016, the parties closed substantially all of the transaction. Total cash consideration received by the Company as of February 3, 2017 was approximately $3.0 billion, resulting in a gain on sale, net of tax, of $1.7 billion. The remainder of the transaction closed subsequent to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.

Dell Software Group Divestiture — On June 19, 2016, Dell entered into a definitive agreement with Francisco Partners and Elliot Management Corporation to divest substantially all of DSG. On October 31, 2016, the parties closed the transaction. At the completion of the sale, total cash consideration received by the Company was approximately $2.4 billion, resulting in a gain on sale, net of tax, of $0.6 billion.

Enterprise Content Division Divestiture — On September 12, 2016, EMC, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a definitive agreement with OpenText Corporation to divest the Dell EMC Enterprise Content Division. On January 23, 2017, the parties closed the transaction. At the completion of the sale, total cash consideration received by the Company was approximately $1.6 billion, resulting in a loss on sale, net of tax, of $0.4 billion.

Discontinued Operations Presentation — In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company concluded that Dell Services, DSG, and ECD have met the criteria for discontinued operations reporting as of March 27, 2016, June 19, 2016, and September 7, 2016, respectively. Accordingly, the Company reclassified the financial results of Dell Services and DSG as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for all periods presented. The Company classified the results of ECD as discontinued operations for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 due to the ECD business only being included in the Company's consolidated results since the closing of the EMC merger transaction. These financial results and the related gains or losses on sale are presented as "Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015. The Company reclassified the related assets and liabilities as "Current assets held for sale" and "Current liabilities held for sale" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of January 29, 2016. Cash flows from the Company's discontinued operations are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Upon closing of the respective transactions, the Company entered into transition services agreements with NTT Data International L.L.C., Francisco Partners and Elliot Management, and OpenText Corporation pursuant to which the Company provides various administrative services on an interim transitional basis. Transition services may be provided for up to one year, with an option to renew after that period. The Company also entered into various commercial agreements with NTT Data International, Francisco Partners and Elliot Management, and OpenText Corporation that includes reseller agreements for certain offerings.


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The following tables present key financial results of ECD, Dell Services, and DSG included in "Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes" for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015:
 Fiscal Year Ended February 3, 2017
 ECD (a) Dell Services DSG Total
 (in millions)
Net revenue$209
 $1,980
 $975
 $3,164
Cost of net revenue56
 1,563
 252
 1,871
Operating expenses137
 347
 726
 1,210
Interest and other, net(1) (8) (2) (11)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes and gain (loss) on disposal15
 62
 (5) 72
Income tax provision (benefit)3
 (40) (23) (60)
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, before gain (loss) on disposal12
 102
 18
 132
Gain (loss) on disposal, net of tax expense (benefit) of $182, $(256), and $506, respectively(356) 1,680
 563
 1,887
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes$(344) $1,782
 $581
 $2,019
____________________
(a)The Company classified the results of ECD as discontinued operations for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 due to the ECD business only being included in the Company's consolidated results since the closing of the EMC merger transaction.


 Fiscal Year Ended January 29, 2016
 Dell Services DSG Total
 (in millions)
Net revenue$2,686
 $1,289
 $3,975
Cost of net revenue2,157
 373
 2,530
Operating expenses399
 915
 1,314
Interest and other, net
 (20) (20)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes130
 (19) 111
Income tax provision42
 5
 47
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes$88
 $(24) $64
 Fiscal Year Ended January 30, 2015
 Dell Services DSG Total
 (in millions)
Net revenue$2,691
 $1,286
 $3,977
Cost of net revenue2,318
 347
 2,665
Operating expenses391
 1,027
 1,418
Interest and other, net
 (25) (25)
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes(18) (113) (131)
Income tax benefit(15) (3) (18)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes$(3) $(110) $(113)



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The following table presents the major classes of assets and liabilities related to Dell Services and DSG as of January 29, 2016, which were classified as held for sale:
 January 29, 2016
 Dell Services DSG Total
 (in millions)
ASSETS  
Current assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$
 $254
 $254
Accounts receivable, net404
 244
 648
Inventories, net
 24
 24
Other current assets73
 11
 84
Total current assets477
 533
 1,010
Property, plant, and equipment, net515
 106
 621
Goodwill252
 1,391
 1,643
Intangible assets, net388
 613
 1,001
Other non-current assets50
 8
 58
Total assets$1,682
 $2,651
 $4,333
      
LIABILITIES  
Current liabilities: 
  
  
Accounts payable$38
 $15
 $53
Accrued and other180
 160
 340
Short-term deferred revenue82
 625
 707
Total current liabilities300
 800
 1,100
Long-term deferred revenue53
 333
 386
Other non-current liabilities31
 82
 113
Total liabilities$384
 $1,215
 $1,599



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



The significant cash flow items from ECD, Dell Services, and DSG for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015 were as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Depreciation and amortization (a)     
Dell Services$32
 $211
 $221
DSG66
 167
 157
Total depreciation and amortization$98
 $378
 $378
Capital expenditures     
Dell Services$82
 $91
 $123
DSG20
 25
 26
ECD2
 
 
Total capital expenditures$104
 $116
 $149
____________________
(a)Depreciation and amortization ceased upon determination that Dell Services and DSG had met the criteria for discontinued operations reporting as of March 27, 2016 and June 19, 2016, respectively. Depreciation and amortization for ECD ceased upon determination that the held for sale criteria were met as of September 7, 2016, concurrently with the closing of the EMC merger transaction.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



NOTE 5 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents the Company'sCompany’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
 February 3, 2017 (a) January 29, 2016
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
   Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
  
 (in millions)
Assets: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Cash equivalents:               
Money market funds$4,866
 $
 $
 $4,866
 $3,832
 $
 $
 $3,832
Municipal obligations
 3
 
 3
 
 
 
 
Debt securities:               
U.S. government and agencies444
 470
 
 914
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate
 1,800
 
 1,800
 
 
 
 
Foreign
 2,083
 
 2,083
 
 
 
 
Municipal obligations
 352
 
 352
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
 4
 
 4
 
 
 
 
Equity and other securities169
 
 
 169
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments
 205
 
 205
 
 195
 
 195
Common stock purchase agreement
 
 
 
 
 
 10
 10
Total assets$5,479
 $4,917
 $
 $10,396
 $3,832
 $195
 $10
 $4,037
Liabilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Derivative instruments$
 $64
 $
 $64
 $
 $12
 $
 $12
Debt - Other
 
 
 
 
 
 28
 28
Total liabilities$
 $64
 $
 $64
 $
 $12
 $28
 $40
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
   Quoted
Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
 Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
  
 (in millions)
Assets: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Cash and cash equivalents:               
Money market funds$4,621
 $
 $
 $4,621
 $5,221
 $
 $
 $5,221
Equity and other securities12
 
 
 12
 314
 20
 
 334
Derivative instruments
 81
 
 81
 
 97
 
 97
Total assets$4,633
 $81
 $
 $4,714
 $5,535
 $117
 $
 $5,652
Liabilities: 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Derivative instruments$
 $68
 $
 $68
 $
 $60
 $
 $60
Total liabilities$
 $68
 $
 $68
 $
 $60
 $
 $60
____________________
(a) The Company did not transfer any securities between levels during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.


The following section describes the valuation methodologies the Company uses to measure financial instruments at fair value:


Money Market Funds— The Company'sCompany’s investment in money market funds that are classified as cash equivalents hold underlying investments with a weighted average maturity of 90 days or less and are recognized at fair value. The valuations of these securities are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets, when available, or pricing models whereby all significant inputs are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data. The Company reviews security pricing and assesses liquidity on a quarterly basis. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the Company'sCompany’s U.S. portfolio had no material exposure to money market funds with a fluctuating net asset value.


Cash Equivalent Municipal Obligations— The Company's municipal obligations that are classified as cash equivalents have original maturities of 90 days or lessEquity and are recognized at fair value. The valuation methodology for these securities is the same as the methodology for non-cash equivalent municipal obligations as described in the DebtOther Securities section below.

Debt Securities— The majority of the Company's debt securities consist of various fixed income securities such as U.S. government and agencies, U.S. corporate, and foreign. Valuation is based on pricing models whereby all significant inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issue spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and other market related data, are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



term of the asset. Inputs are documented in accordance with the fair value measurements hierarchy. The Company reviews security pricing and assesses liquidity on a quarterly basis. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about investments.
Equity Securities— The majority of the Company'sCompany’s investments in equity and other securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of strategic investments in publicly tradedpublicly-traded companies. The valuation of these securities is based on quoted prices in active markets.

Derivative Instruments — The Company'sCompany’s derivative financial instruments consist primarily of foreign currency forward and purchased option contracts and interest rate swaps. The fair value of the portfolio is determined using valuation models based on market observable inputs, including interest rate curves, forward and spot prices for currencies, and implied volatilities. Credit risk is also factored into the fair value calculation of the Company'sCompany’s derivative financial instrument portfolio. See Note 97 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company'sCompany’s derivative financial instrument activities.


Debt - OtherDeferred Compensation Plans As of January 29, 2016, theThe Company recognizedoffers deferred compensation plans for eligible employees, which allow participants to defer payment for a portion of its short-term debt at fair value. This debt was represented by promissory notes issued on August 3, 2015 and September 14, 2015, whichtheir compensation. Assets were extinguished during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017. The Company determined fair value using a discounted cash flow model which included significant unobservable inputs and assumptions.  The unobservable inputs used include projected cash outflows over varying possible maturity dates, weighted by the probability of those possible outcomes, along with assumed discount rates.

Common Stock Purchase Agreements — On September 7, 2016, in connectionsame as liabilities associated with the EMC merger transaction,plans at approximately $241 million and $192 million as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively, and are included in other assets and other liabilities on the Company issued and sold the following sharesConsolidated Statements of the Company's common stock at a purchase price of $27.50 per shareFinancial Position. The net impact to the persons identified below for an aggregate purchase priceConsolidated Statements of $4.4 billion, pursuant to four separate common stock purchase agreements:

86,909,091 shares of Class A Common Stock to the MD Stockholders
16,104,050 shares of Class A Common Stock to the MSDC Stockholders
38,805,040 shares of Class B Common Stock to the SLP Stockholders
18,181,818 shares of Class C Common Stock to Temasek Holdings Private Limited ("Temasek")

The Company applied the proceeds from the sale of the shares to finance a portion of the consideration for the EMC merger transaction. Each agreement provided for price protection in the event additional equity investors purchased common stock of the Company at a lower price. The agreements with Michael S. Dell, the MSDC Stockholders, and the SLP Stockholders wereIncome (Loss) is not required to be remeasured to fair value through settlement and were effectively capital commitments, because of the degree of control and influence such persons could exercise over the Company. The provision relating to price protection was considered substantive to Temasek as an unrelated party. Consequently, the Company recognized the contract as an asset or liability, initially recorded at fair value of zero, with subsequentmaterial since changes in fair value recorded in earnings through settlement. The Company determined the fair value of this forward contract using a Black-Scholes valuation model, whichthe assets substantially offset changes in the fair value of the liabilities. As such, assets and liabilities associated with these plans have not been included significant unobservable inputs and assumptions.in the recurring fair value table above.




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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis — Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and therefore are not included in the recurring fair value table above. These assets consist primarily of non-financial assets such as goodwill and intangible assets. See Note 108 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about goodwill and intangible assets.


As of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, the Company held private strategic investments of $455$852 million and $114$671 million, respectively. TheseAs these investments are accounted for under the cost method andrepresent early-stage companies without readily determinable fair values, they are not included in the recurring fair value table above. Investments accounted

The Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative for underthese investments. Under the cost method are recordedalternative, the Company measures investments without readily determinable fair values at cost, initially, which approximates fair value. Subsequently, if thereless impairment, adjusted by observable price changes. The Company must make a separate election to use the alternative for each eligible investment and is required to reassess at each reporting period whether an indicator of impairment,investment qualifies for the impairment is recognized.alternative. In evaluating these investments for impairment or observable price changes, the Company uses inputs including pre- and post-money valuations of recent financing events and the impact of those events on its fully diluted ownership percentages, as well as other available information regarding the issuer'sissuer’s historical and forecasted performance. As these investments are early-stage companies which are not publicly traded, it is not practicable for the Company to reliably estimate the fair value of these investments.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Outstanding Debt— The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company'sCompany’s outstanding debt as described in Note 86 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the current portion, as of the dates indicated:

 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
 (in billions)
Senior Secured Credit Facilities$8.8
 $9.0
 $12.5
 $12.6
First Lien Notes$20.5
 $23.9
 $19.8
 $21.0
Unsecured Notes and Debentures$1.2
 $1.5
 $1.8
 $1.9
Senior Notes$2.6
 $2.8
 $3.1
 $3.4
EMC Notes$1.6
 $1.6
 $3.0
 $2.9
VMware Notes and VMware Term Loan Facility$5.5
 $5.6
 $4.0
 $3.9
Margin Loan Facility$4.0
 $3.9
 $3.3
 $3.4

 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
 (in billions)
Term Loan Facilities$
 $
 $6.1
 $6.2
Senior Secured Credit Facilities$11.4
 $11.7
 $
 $
Senior First Lien Notes$
 $
 $1.4
 $1.5
First Lien Notes$19.7
 $21.8
 $
 $
Unsecured Notes and Debentures$2.3
 $2.5
 $2.7
 $2.7
Senior Notes$3.1
 $3.5
 $
 $
EMC Notes$5.5
 $5.4
 $
 $
Bridge Facilities$4.0
 $4.0
 $
 $


The fair values of the outstanding Term Loan Facilities and Senior First Liendebt shown in the table above, as well as the DFS debt described in Note 4 of the Notes obtained in connection with the going-private transaction, the outstanding Unsecured Notes and Debentures issued prior to the going-private transaction, the outstanding EMC Notes that remained outstanding after the EMC merger transaction, and the outstanding First Lien Notes, Senior Notes, Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and Bridge Facilities issued in connection with the EMC merger transactionConsolidated Financial Statements, were determined based on observable market prices in a less active market or based on valuation methodologies using observable inputs and were categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of DFS debt approximates fair value.



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Investments

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company’s strategic investments in publicly-traded and privately-held companies as of the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized (Loss) Carrying Value Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized (Loss) Carrying Value
 (in millions)
Equity and other securities$783
 $116
 $(35) $864
 $638
 $539
 $(172) $1,005


For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the equity and other securities without readily determinable fair values of the other short-term debt and the structured financing debt approximate their carrying values$852 million increased by $110 million due to their short-term maturities.upward adjustments for observable price changes, offset by $15 million of downward adjustments that were primarily attributable to impairments. For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the equity and other securities without readily determinable fair values increased by $233 million due to upward adjustments for observable price changes, offset by $80 million of downward adjustments that were primarily attributable to impairments. The remainder of equity and other securities consisted of publicly-traded investments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for both the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019.





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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 6INVESTMENTS

The following table summarizes, by major security type, the carrying value and amortized cost of the Company's investments. All debt security investments with remaining effective maturities in excess of one year and substantially all equity and other securities are recorded as long-term investments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Carrying Value Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized (Loss) Carrying Value Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized (Loss)
 (in millions)
Investments:               
U.S. government and agencies$231
 $231
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
U.S. corporate debt securities650
 651
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
Foreign debt securities742
 743
 
 (1) 
 
 
 
Municipal obligations348
 348
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities4
 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total short-term investments1,975
 1,977
 
 (2) 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies683
 689
 
 (6) 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate debt securities1,150
 1,164
 
 (14) 
 
 
 
Foreign debt securities1,341
 1,356
 
 (15) 
 
 
 
Municipal obligations4
 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity and other securities (a)624
 604
 22
 (2) 114
 114
 
 
Total long-term investments3,802
 3,817
 22
 (37) 114
 114
 
 
Total investments$5,777
 $5,794
 $22
 $(39) $114
 $114
 $
 $
____________________
(a)The majority of equity and other securities are investments accounted for under the cost method, while the remainder are investments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The Company's investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value. As of February 3, 2017, all investments in an unrealized loss position have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.

The contractual maturities of debt securities held at February 3, 2017 are as follows:
 Carrying Value Amortized Cost
 (in millions)
Due within one year$1,975
 $1,977
Due after 1 year through 5 years3,120
 3,152
Due after 5 years through 10 years58
 61
Total$5,153
 $5,190


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



NOTE 7 — FINANCIAL SERVICES

Dell Financial Services


The Company offers or arranges various financing options and services, and alternative payment structures for its business and consumer customers in the United States, Canada,North America, Europe, Australia, and MexicoNew Zealand through Dell Financial Services andDFS. The Company also arranges financing for some of its affiliates (collectively, "DFS").customers in various countries where DFS does not currently operate as a captive enterprise. The key activities of DFS include the origination, collection,originating, collecting, and servicing of customer receivablesfinancing arrangements primarily related to the purchase or use of Dell Technologies'Technologies products and services. In some cases, DFS also offers financing for the purchase of third-party technology products that complement the Dell Technologies portfolio of products and services. New financing originations which represent the amounts of financing provided by DFS to customers for equipmentwere $8.5 billion, $7.3 billion, and related software and services, including third-party originations, were $4.5$6.3 billion for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, and $3.7 billion for both the fiscal years ended January 29, 201631, 2020, February 1, 2019, and January 30, 2015.February 2, 2018, respectively.

In connection with the EMC merger transaction, the Company acquired an existing financing receivable portfolio, which is included in the fixed-term customer receivables balance in the table below. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the financing receivables acquired.


The Company's financing receivablesCompany’s lease and loan arrangements with customers are aggregated into the following categories:


Revolving loans — Revolving loans offered under private label credit financing programs provide qualified customers with a revolving credit line for the purchase of products and services offered by Dell.Dell Technologies. These private label credit financing programs are referred to as Dell Preferred Account ("DPA"(“DPA”) and Dell Business Credit ("DBC"(“DBC”). The DPA product is primarily offered to individual consumer customers, and the DBC product is primarily offered to small and medium-sized commercial customers. Revolving loans in the United States bear interest at a variable annual percentage rate that is tied to the prime rate. Based on historical payment patterns, revolving loan transactions are typically repaid within twelve months on average.
Due to the short-term nature of the revolving loan portfolio, the carrying value of the portfolio approximates fair value.


Fixed-term sales-type leases and loans — The Company enters into sales-type leasefinancing arrangements with customers who desireseek lease financing.financing for equipment they might otherwise purchase. Under the new lease standard discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, new DFS leases are classified as sales-type leases, direct financing leases, or operating leases. When the terms of the DFS lease transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee, the contract is typically classified as a sales-type lease. Direct financing leases under the new lease standard are immaterial. All other new DFS leases are classified as operating leases. Leases that commenced prior to the adoption of the new lease standard were not reassessed or restated pursuant to the practical expedients elected and will continue to be accounted for under previous lease accounting guidance. Leases with business customers have fixed terms of generally two to four years. Future maturities of minimum lease payments as of February 3, 2017 were as follows: Fiscal 2018 - $1,737 million; Fiscal 2019 - $1,080 million; Fiscal 2020 - $514 million; Fiscal 2021 - $130 million; Fiscal 2022 and beyond - $26 million.

The Company also offers fixed-term loans to qualified small businesses, large commercial accounts, governmental organizations, educational entities, and certain individual consumer customers. These loans are repaid in equal payments including interest and have defined terms of generally three to five years. The fair value of the fixed-term loan portfolio is determined using market observable inputs.  The carrying value of these loans approximates fair value. 



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Financing Receivables

The following table summarizespresents the components of the Company'sCompany’s financing receivables segregated by portfolio segment as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Revolving Fixed-term Total Revolving Fixed-term Total
 (in millions)
Financing receivables, net: 
  
        
Customer receivables, gross (a)$824
 $8,486
 $9,310
 $835
 $7,249
 $8,084
Allowances for losses(70) (79) (149) (75) (61) (136)
Customer receivables, net754
 8,407
 9,161
 760
 7,188
 7,948
Residual interest
 582
 582
 
 674
 674
Financing receivables, net$754
 $8,989
 $9,743
 $760
 $7,862
 $8,622
Short-term$754
 $4,141
 $4,895
 $760
 $3,638
 $4,398
Long-term$
 $4,848
 $4,848
 $
 $4,224
 $4,224

____________________
(a)Customer receivables, gross includes amounts due from customers under revolving loans, fixed-term loans, fixed-term sales-type or direct financing leases, and accrued interest.
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Revolving Fixed-term Total Revolving Fixed-term Total
 (in millions)
Financing Receivables, net: 
  
        
Customer receivables, gross$1,009
 $4,530
 $5,539
 $1,173
 $3,637
 $4,810
Allowances for losses(91) (52) (143) (118) (58) (176)
Customer receivables, net918
 4,478
 5,396
 1,055
 3,579
 4,634
Residual interest
 477
 477
 
 458
 458
Financing receivables, net$918
 $4,955
 $5,873
 $1,055
 $4,037
 $5,092
Short-term$918
 $2,304
 $3,222
 $1,055
 $1,860
 $2,915
Long-term$
 $2,651
 $2,651
 $
 $2,177
 $2,177



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The following table summarizespresents the changes in the allowance for financing receivable losses for the respective periods:periods indicated:
 Revolving Fixed-term Total
 (in millions)
Allowance for financing receivable losses:     
Balances as of February 3, 2017$91
 $52
 $143
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(84) (17) (101)
Provision charged to income statement74
 29
 103
Balances as of February 2, 201881
 64
 145
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(78) (26) (104)
Provision charged to income statement72
 23
 95
Balances as of February 1, 201975
 61
 136
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(71) (23) (94)
Provision charged to income statement66
 41
 107
Balances as of January 31, 2020$70
 $79
 $149





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 Revolving Fixed-term Total
 (in millions)
Allowance for financing receivable losses:     
Balances as of January 31, 2014$171
 $44
 $215
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(151) (17) (168)
Provision charged to income statement125
 22
 147
Balances as of January 30, 2015145
 49
 194
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(105) (17) (122)
Provision charged to income statement78
 26
 104
Balances as of January 29, 2016118
 58
 176
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(91) (17) (108)
Provision charged to income statement64
 11
 75
Balances as of February 3, 2017$91
 $52
 $143


Aging

The following table summarizespresents the aging of the Company'sCompany’s customer financing receivables, gross, including accrued interest, segregated by class, as of February 3, 2017the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Current 
Past Due
1
— 90 Days
 Past Due
>90 Days
 Total Current 
Past Due
1
— 90 Days
 Past Due
>90 Days
 Total
 (in millions)
Revolving — DPA$550
 $51
 $20
 $621
 $583
 $53
 $21
 $657
Revolving — DBC184
 15
 4
 203
 155
 19
 4
 178
Fixed-term — Consumer and Commercial8,005
 373
 108
 8,486
 6,282
 878
 89
 7,249
Total customer receivables, gross$8,739
 $439
 $132
 $9,310
 $7,020
 $950
 $114
 $8,084


Aging is likely to fluctuate as a result of the variability in volume of large transactions entered into over the period, and January 29, 2016, segregatedthe administrative processes that accompany those transactions. Aging is also impacted by class:the timing of Dell Technologies fiscal period end date, relative to calendar month-end customer payment due dates.  As a result of these factors, fluctuations in aging from period to period do not necessarily indicate a material change in the collectibility of the portfolio.


 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Current Past Due 1 — 90 Days Past Due > 90 Days Total Current Past Due 1 — 90 Days Past Due > 90 Days Total
 (in millions)
Revolving — DPA$715
 $66
 $27
 $808
 $812
 $99
 $36
 $947
Revolving — DBC175
 22
 4
 201
 202
 20
 4
 226
Fixed-term — Consumer and Small Commercial340
 34
 2
 376
 315
 13
 1
 329
Fixed-term — Medium and Large Commercial3,654
 472
 28
 4,154
 3,131
 171
 6
 3,308
Total customer receivables, gross$4,884
 $594
 $61
 $5,539
 $4,460
 $303
 $47
 $4,810



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Credit Quality


The following table summarizespresents customer receivables, gross, including accrued interest, by credit quality indicator segregated by class, as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016.the dates indicated. The categories shown in the table below segregate customer receivables based on the relative degrees of credit risk. The credit quality indicators for DPA revolving accounts are measured primarily as of each quarter-end date, while all other indicators are generally updated on a periodic basis.

 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Higher Mid Lower Total Higher Mid Lower Total
 (in millions)
Revolving — DPA$137
 $175
 $309
 $621
 $128
 $192
 $337
 $657
Revolving — DBC$55
 $63
 $85
 $203
 $47
 $54
 $77
 $178
Fixed-term — Consumer and Commercial$5,042
 $2,036
 $1,408
 $8,486
 $3,980
 $1,984
 $1,285
 $7,249


For DPA revolving receivables shown in the table below,above, the Company makes credit decisions based on proprietary scorecards, which include the customer'scustomer’s credit history, payment history, credit usage, and other credit agency-related elements. The higher quality category includes prime accounts generally of a higher credit quality that are comparable to U.S. customer FICO scores of 720 or above. The mid-category represents the mid-tier accounts that are comparable to U.S. customer FICO scores from 660 to 719. The lower category is generally sub-prime and represents lower credit quality accounts that are comparable to U.S. customer FICO scores below 660. For the DBC revolving receivables and fixed-term commercial receivables shown in the table below,above, an internal grading system is utilized that assigns a credit level score based on a number of considerations, including liquidity, operating performance, and industry outlook. The grading criteria and classifications for the fixed-term products differ from those for the revolving products as loss experience varies between these product and customer groups. The credit quality categories cannot be compared between the different classes as loss experience varies substantially between the classes.
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Higher Mid Lower Total Higher Mid Lower Total
 (in millions)
Revolving — DPA$136
 $244
 $428
 $808
 $148
 $270
 $529
 $947
Revolving — DBC$61
 $60
 $80
 $201
 $68
 $65
 $93
 $226
Fixed-term — Consumer and Small Commercial$114
 $155
 $107
 $376
 $93
 $136
 $100
 $329
Fixed-term — Medium and Large Commercial$2,165
 $1,242
 $747
 $4,154
 $1,597
 $1,075
 $636
 $3,308



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Structured FinancingLeases

Interest income on sales-type lease receivables was $259 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

The following table presents the net revenue, cost of net revenue, and gross margin recognized at the commencement date of sales-type leases for the period indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Net revenue  products
$770
Cost of net revenue  products
582
Gross margin  products
$188


The following table presents the future maturity of the Company’s fixed-term customer leases and associated financing payments, and reconciles the undiscounted cash flows to the customer receivables, gross recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of the date indicated:
 January 31, 2020
Fiscal Years(in millions)
Fiscal 2021$2,615
Fiscal 20221,705
Fiscal 2023901
Fiscal 2024313
Fiscal 2025 and beyond93
Total undiscounted cash flows5,627
Fixed-term loans3,440
Revolving loans824
Less: unearned income(581)
Total customer receivables, gross$9,310


Disclosure related to periods prior to adoption of the new lease standardFuture maturities of minimum lease and associated financing payments as of February 1, 2019 were as follows: $2.6 billion in Fiscal 2020; $1.7 billion in Fiscal 2021; $0.9 billion in Fiscal 2022; $0.3 billion in Fiscal 2023; and $0.1 billion in Fiscal 2024 and beyond. Future maturities and associated financing payments referenced herein represent the aggregate payments under the customer lease contract. 



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Operating Leases

The following table presents the components of the Company’s operating lease portfolio included in Property, plant, and equipment, net as of the date indicated:
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Equipment under operating lease, gross$956
Less: accumulated depreciation(116)
Equipment under operating lease, net$840


As of February 1, 2019, the Company’s equipment under operating lease, net was immaterial.

Operating lease income relating to lease payments was $169 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. Depreciation expense was $115 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

The following table presents the future payments to be received by the Company as lessor in operating lease contracts as of the date indicated:
 January 31, 2020
Fiscal Years(in millions)
Fiscal 2021$333
Fiscal 2022313
Fiscal 2023211
Fiscal 202425
Fiscal 2025 and beyond5
Total$887




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DFS Debt


The Company maintains programs whichthat facilitate the funding of financing receivablesleases, loans, and other alternative payment structures in the capital marketsmarkets. The majority of DFS debt is non-recourse to Dell Technologies and represents borrowings under securitization programs and structured financing programs, for which the Company’s risk of loss is limited to transferred loan and lease payments and associated equipment. The following table presents DFS debt as of the dates indicated. The table excludes the allocated portion of the Company’s other borrowings, which represents the additional amount considered to fund the DFS business.
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
DFS debt(in millions)
DFS U.S. debt:   
Securitization facilities$2,606
 $1,914
Fixed-term securitization offerings2,593
 2,303
Other141
 223
Total DFS U.S. debt5,340
 4,440
DFS international debt:   
Securitization facility743
 584
Other borrowings931
 708
Note payable200
 197
Dell Bank Senior Unsecured Eurobonds551
 
Total DFS international debt2,425
 1,489
Total DFS debt$7,765
 $5,929
Total short-term DFS debt$4,152
 $3,113
Total long-term DFS debt$3,613
 $2,816


DFS U.S. Debt

Securitization Facilities The Company maintains separate securitization facilities in the United States Canada,for fixed-term leases and Europe. The Company's total structured financing debt, which is collateralized by financing receivables, was $3.5 billionloans and $3.4 billion as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively, under the following programs.

Securitization ProgramsThe Company maintains securitization programs in the United States and Europe. The securitization programs in the United States include the fixed-term lease and loan securitization program and thefor revolving loan securitization program. The outstanding balance of debt under these U.S. programs was $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively.loans. This debt is collateralized solely by the U.S. financing receivablesloan and lease payments and associated equipment in the programs.facilities. The debt has a variable interest rate and the duration of thisthe debt is based on the terms of the underlying financing receivables.loan and lease payments. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the total debt capacity related to the U.S. securitization programsfacilities was $2.1$4.0 billion. The Company enters into interest swap agreements to effectively convert thea portion of its structured financingsecuritization debt from a floating rate to a fixed rate. See Note 97 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about interest rate swaps.


The Company'sCompany’s U.S. securitization programsbecame effective on October 29, 2013. Thefacility for revolving program, which was extended during the third quarter of Fiscal 2017,loans is effective through June 25, 2022. The Company’s two U.S. securitization facilities for fourfixed-term leases and one-half years beginning October 29, 2013. The fixed term program, which was extended during the first quarter of Fiscal 2016, isloans are effective for fourthrough August 22, 2021 and one-half years beginning October 29, 2013.July 26, 2022, respectively.


The securitization facilities contain standard structural features related to the performance of the securitized receivables, which include defined credit losses, delinquencies, average credit scores, and minimum collection requirements. In the event one or more of these criteria are not met and the Company establishedis unable to restructure the facility, no further funding of receivables will be permitted and the timing of the Company’s expected cash flows from over-collateralization will be delayed. As of January 31, 2020, these criteria were met.

Fixed-Term Securitization Offerings The Company periodically issues asset-backed debt securities under fixed-term securitization programs to private investors. The asset-backed debt securities are collateralized solely by the U.S. fixed-term leases and loans in the offerings, which are held by Special Purpose Entities (“SPEs”), as discussed below. The interest rate on these securities is fixed and ranges from 1.91% to 3.97% per annum, and the duration of these securities is based on the terms of the underlying lease and loan payment streams.



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DFS International Debt

Securitization Facility The Company maintains a securitization programfacility in Europe for fixed-term leases and loans. This program became effective on January 13, 2017, andfacility is effective for two years. The outstanding balancethrough December 21, 2020 and had a total debt capacity of debt under this program was $233$883 million as of February 3, 2017, and the total debt capacity related to the securitization program was $646 million.January 31, 2020.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The securitization programs containfacility contains standard structural features related to the performance of the securitized receivables, which include defined credit losses, delinquencies, average credit scores, and minimum collection requirements. In the event one or more of these criteria are not met and the Company is unable to restructure the program, no further funding of receivables will be permitted and the timing of the Company'sCompany’s expected cash flows from over-collateralization will be delayed. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, these criteria were met.


Fixed Term Securitization ProgramsThe Company may periodically issue asset-backed debt securities under fixed term securitization programs to private investors. As of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, the associated debt balance of these securities was $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. The asset-backed debt securities are collateralized solely by the U.S. fixed-term financing receivables in the offerings, which are held by SPEs. The interest rate on these securities is fixed and ranges from 0.42% to 3.61% and the duration of these securities is based on the terms of the underlying financing receivables.

Other Structured Financing ProgramsBorrowings In connection with the Company'sCompany’s international financing operations, the Company has entered into revolving structured financing debt programs related to its fixed-term lease and loan products sold in Canada, Europe, Australia, and Europe.New Zealand. The aggregate outstanding balances of the Canadian facility, which is collateralized solely by Canadian loan and European revolving structured loans as of February 3, 2017lease payments and January 29, 2016 were $382 million and $559 million, respectively. As of February 3, 2017, the Canadian program, which was extended during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,associated equipment, had a total debt capacity of $169 million. This program$284 million as of January 31, 2020, and is effective for two years, beginning on April 15, 2016, andthrough January 16, 2023. The European facility, which is collateralized solely by the Canadian financing receivables. The European program, which was extended during the first quarter of Fiscal 2016, is now effective for four years, beginning on December 23, 2013. The program is collateralized solely by the European financing receivablesloan and lease payments and associated equipment, had a total debt capacity of $323$662 million as of February 3, 2017.
January 31, 2020, and is effective through June 14, 2022. The Australia and New Zealand facility, which is collateralized solely by Australia and New Zealand loan and lease payments and associated equipment, had a total debt capacity of $202 million as of January 31, 2020, and is effective through December 20, 2021.


Note Payable On November 27, 2017, the Company entered into an unsecured credit agreement to fund receivables in Mexico. As of January 31, 2020, the aggregate principal amount of the note payable is $200 million. The note bears interest at either the applicable London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.25%, for the borrowings denominated in U.S. Dollars, or the Mexican Interbank Equilibrium Interest Rate (“TIIE”) plus 2.00%, for the borrowings denominated in Mexican pesos. The note will mature on December 1, 2020. Although the note is unsecured, the Company manages the note in the same manner as its structured financing programs, so that the collections from loan and lease payments and associated equipment in Mexico are used to pay down principal and interest of the note.

Dell Bank Senior Unsecured Eurobonds On October 17, 2019, Dell Bank International D.A.C. issued 500 million Euro of 0.625% senior unsecured three year eurobonds due October 2022. The issuance of the senior unsecured eurobonds supports the expansion of the financing operations in Europe.

Variable Interest Entities


In connection with the securitization programsfacilities and offerings discussed above, the Company transfers certain U.S. and European customer financing receivablesloan and lease payments and associated equipment to Special Purpose Entities ("SPEs")SPEs that meet the definition of a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE"(“VIE”) and are consolidated, along with the associated debt detailed above, into the Consolidated Financial Statements, as the Company is the primary beneficiary of those VIEs. TheseThe SPEs are bankruptcy-remote legal entities with separate assets and liabilities. The purpose of thesethe SPEs is to facilitate the funding of customer receivablesloan and lease payments and associated equipment in the capital markets.


The following table showspresents financing receivables and equipment under operating leases, net held by the consolidated VIEs as of the respective dates:dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Assets held by consolidated VIEs, net: 
  
Short-term, net$3,316
 $2,940
Long-term, net3,348
 2,508
Assets held by consolidated VIEs, net$6,664
 $5,448

 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Financing receivables held by consolidated VIEs, net: 
  
Short-term, net$2,227
 $2,125
Long-term, net1,381
 1,215
Financing receivables held by consolidated VIEs, net$3,608
 $3,340


Financing receivablesLoan and lease payments and associated equipment transferred via securitization through SPEs were $3.3$5.4 billion and $3.2$4.6 billion for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, respectively.




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Some of the SPEs have entered into financing arrangements with multi-seller conduits that, in turn, issue asset-backed debt securities in the capital markets. The structured financingDFS debt outstanding, which is collateralized by the financing receivablesloan and lease payments and associated equipment held by the consolidated VIEs, was $3.1$5.9 billion and $2.8$4.8 billion as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, respectively. The Company'sCompany’s risk of loss related to securitized receivables is limited to the amount by which the Company'sCompany’s right to receive collections for assets securitized exceeds the amount required to pay interest, principal, and fees and expenses related to the asset-backed securities. The Company provides credit enhancement to the securitization in the form of over-collateralization.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



FinancingCustomer Receivable Sales


To manage certain concentrations of customer credit exposure, the Company may sell selected fixed-term financingcustomer receivables to unrelated third parties on a periodic basis.basis, without recourse. The amount of financingcustomer receivables sold for this purpose was $321$538 million, $91$949 million, and $61$683 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015,February 2, 2018, respectively. The Company’s continuing involvement in the above mentioned customer receivables is primarily limited to servicing arrangements.






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NOTE 5 — LEASES

The Company enters into leasing transactions in which the Company is the lessee. These lease contracts are typically classified as operating leases. The Company’s lease contracts are generally for office buildings used to conduct its business, and the determination of whether such contracts contain leases generally does not require significant estimates or judgments. The Company also leases certain global logistics warehouses, employee vehicles, and equipment. As of January 31, 2020, the remaining terms of the Company’s leases range from less than one month to 27 years.

The Company also enters into leasing transactions in which the Company is the lessor, primarily through customer financing arrangements offered through DFS. DFS originates leases that are primarily classified as either sales-type leases or operating leases. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the DFS lease portfolio and related lease disclosures.

In adopting the new lease standard discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company elected to apply a transition method that does not require the retrospective application to periods prior to adoption. Financial information associated with the Company’s leases in which the Company is the lessee is contained in this Note 5. As of January 31, 2020, there were no material finance leases for which the Company was a lessee.

The following table presents components of lease costs included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the period indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Operating lease costs$510
Variable costs161
Total lease costs$671

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, sublease income, finance lease costs, and short-term lease costs were immaterial.

The following table presents supplemental information related to operating leases included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of the date indicated:
 Classification January 31, 2020
   (in millions, except for term and discount rate)
Operating lease ROU assetsOther non-current assets $1,780
    
Current operating lease liabilitiesAccrued and other current liabilities $432
Non-current operating lease liabilitiesOther non-current liabilities 1,360
Total operating lease liabilities  $1,792
    
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)  8.57
Weighted-average discount rate  3.81%



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The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the period indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  
operating cash outflows from operating leases
$501
  
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$630


The following table presents the future maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable leases and reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for these leases to the lease liability recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of the date indicated:
 January 31, 2020
Fiscal Years(in millions)
Fiscal 2021$458
Fiscal 2022380
Fiscal 2023292
Fiscal 2024201
Fiscal 2025131
Thereafter677
Total lease payments$2,139
Less: Imputed interest(347)
Total$1,792
Current operating lease liabilities$432
Non-current operating lease liabilities$1,360


The amount of future lease commitments after Fiscal 2025 is primarily for the ground lease on VMware, Inc.’s Palo Alto, California headquarter facilities, which expires in Fiscal 2047.

As of January 31, 2020, the Company has additional operating leases that have not yet commenced of $681 million. These operating leases will commence during Fiscal 2021 with lease terms of one year to 16 years.

Disclosure related to periods prior to adoption of the new lease standard

Prior to the adoption of the new lease standard, the Company had the following future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases:
 February 1, 2019
Fiscal Years(in millions)
Fiscal 2020$371
Fiscal 2021314
Fiscal 2022240
Fiscal 2023175
Fiscal 2024113
Thereafter643
Total$1,856




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


Table of Contents


NOTE 86DEBT


The following table summarizes the Company'sCompany’s outstanding debt as of the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Secured Debt
  
Senior Secured Credit Facilities:   
Term Loan B Facility due September 2023$
 $4,938
3.65% Term Loan B-1 Facility due September 20254,738
 
Term Loan A-2 Facility due September 2021
 4,116
3.40% Term Loan A-4 Facility due December 2023679
 1,650
Term Loan A-5 Facility due December 2019
 2,016
3.41% Term Loan A-6 Facility due March 20243,497
 
First Lien Notes:   
3.48% due June 2019
 3,750
4.42% due June 20214,500
 4,500
5.45% due June 20233,750
 3,750
4.00% due July 20241,000
 
6.02% due June 20264,500
 4,500
4.90% due October 20261,750
 
5.30% due October 20291,750
 
8.10% due July 20361,500
 1,500
8.35% due July 20462,000
 2,000
Unsecured Debt   
Unsecured Notes and Debentures:   
5.875% due June 2019
 600
4.625% due April 2021400
 400
7.10% due April 2028300
 300
6.50% due April 2038388
 388
5.40% due September 2040264
 264
Senior Notes:   
5.875% due June 20211,075
 1,625
7.125% due June 20241,625
 1,625
EMC Notes:   
2.650% due June 2020600
 2,000
3.375% due June 20231,000
 1,000
Debt of Public Subsidiary   
VMware Notes:   
2.30% due August 20201,250
 1,250
2.95% due August 20221,500
 1,500
3.90% due August 20271,250
 1,250
VMware Term Loan Facility1,500
 
DFS Debt (Note 4)7,765
 5,929
Other   
4.03% Margin Loan Facility due April 20224,000
 3,350
Other84
 38
Total debt, principal amount$52,665
 $54,239

 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Secured Debt
  
Structured financing debt$3,464
 $3,411
3.75% Floating rate due October 2018 ("Term Loan C Facility")
 1,003
4.00% Floating rate due April 2020 ("Term Loan B Facility")
 4,329
4.00% Floating rate due April 2020 ("Term Loan Euro Facility")
 891
5.625% due October 2020 ("Senior First Lien Notes")
 1,400
EMC merger transaction financing issued on September 7, 2016 ("Senior Secured Credit Facilities"):   
4.03% Term Loan B Facility due September 20234,987
 
2.78% Term Loan A-1 Facility due December 2018600
 
3.03% Term Loan A-2 Facility due September 20213,876
 
2.78% Term Loan A-3 Facility due December 20181,800
 
2.78% Revolving Credit Facility due September 2021375
 
EMC merger transaction financing issued on June 1, 2016 ("First Lien Notes"):   
3.48% due June 20193,750
 
4.42% due June 20214,500
 
5.45% due June 20233,750
 
6.02% due June 20264,500
 
8.10% due June 20361,500
 
8.35% due June 20462,000
 
Unsecured Notes and Debentures   
Notes and debentures issued prior to going-private transaction:   
3.10% due April 2016
 400
5.65% due April 2018500
 500
5.875% due June 2019600
 600
4.625% due April 2021400
 400
7.10% due April 2028300
 300
6.50% due April 2038388
 388
5.40% due September 2040265
 265
EMC merger transaction financing issued on June 22, 2016 ("Senior Notes"):   
5.875% due June 20211,625
 
7.125% due June 20241,625
 
Existing EMC notes assumed as part of the EMC merger transaction ("EMC Notes"):   
1.875% due June 20182,500
 
2.650% due June 20202,000
 
3.375% due June 20231,000
 
Bridge Facilities   
2.53% Margin Bridge Facility due September 20172,500
 
2.53% VMware Note Bridge Facility due September 20171,500
 
Other51
 93
Total debt, principal amount$50,356
 $13,980




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)





 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Total debt, principal amount$52,665
 $54,239
Unamortized discount, net of unamortized premium(241) (271)
Debt issuance costs(368) (447)
Total debt, carrying value$52,056
 $53,521
Total short-term debt, carrying value$7,737
 $4,320
Total long-term debt, carrying value$44,319
 $49,201

 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Total debt, principal amount$50,356
 $13,980
Unamortized discount, net of unamortized premium(284) (221)
Debt issuance costs(682) (128)
Total debt, carrying value$49,390
 $13,631
Total short-term debt, carrying value$6,329
 $2,981
Total long-term debt, carrying value$43,061
 $10,650


To financeDuring the EMC merger transaction,fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company issued $45.9repaid $1.4 billion principal amount of its EMC 2.650% unsecured notes due June 2020, $550 million principal amount of its 5.875% senior unsecured notes due June 2021, $600 million principal amount of its 5.875% senior unsecured notes due June 2019, $950 million principal amount of its Term Loan A-4 Facility, and approximately $193 million of principal amortization under its term loan facilities. As described below under “Refinancing Transactions,” the Company also repaid $162.5 million principal amount as part of the Term Loan B Facility refinancing and the remaining principal amount of approximately $1,277 million of its Term Loan A-2 Facility in new debt, which included proceeds from the sale ofconnection with the First Lien Notes and the Senior Unsecured Notes in June 2016, as well as borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities (including the Revolving Credit Facility), the Asset Sale Bridge Facility, the Margin Bridge Facility, and the VMware Note Bridge Facility at the closing of the transaction.issued on March 20, 2019.

Upon the closing of the EMC merger transaction, the Company repaid and terminated the ABL Credit Facility and the Term Loan Facilities obtained in connection with the going-private transaction, and redeemed the Senior First Lien Notes issued in connection with the going-private transaction.


Additionally, during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the Company repaid $1.6issued an additional $1.8 billion, net, in DFS debt to support the expansion of its financing receivables portfolio. See Note 4 of the Revolving Credit Facility, $2.2 billion ofNotes to the Asset Sale Bridge Facility, and $3.1 billion of the Term Loan A-1 Facility, all of which were obtained in connection with the EMC merger transaction. Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about DFS debt.

During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017,1, 2019, the Company also repaid $0.4$3.0 billion principal amount of its unsecured notes and $1.5 billionprincipal amountof its term loan facilities, which included approximately $0.3 billion of maturing Unsecured Notes and Debentures.amortization. The Company incurred approximately $337 million of other expenses related to debt extinguishments and new borrowingsTerm Loan A-3 Facility was fully repaid during the three months ended November 2, 2018. Additionally, during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.1, 2019, the Company issued an additional $1.2 billion, net, in DFS debt to support the expansion of its financing receivables portfolio.


Refinancing Transactions

In connection with the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on December 20, 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to the credit agreement for the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, Atdescribed below, which included (a) a new senior secured Term Loan A-4 Facility under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities consisting of $1.7 billion term A-4 loans, (b) a new senior secured Term Loan A-5 Facility under the closingSenior Secured Credit Facilities consisting of $2.0 billion term A-5 loans, (c) $1.4 billion in incremental loans under the Margin Loan Facility, and (d) an increase in the aggregate revolving commitments available under the Revolving Credit Facility to $4.5 billion. See below for additional information regarding the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, the Margin Loan Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility.

On March 7, 2019, the Company amended the Margin Loan Facility agreement to increase the aggregate principal amount of borrowings under the Margin Loan Facility by $650 million. See below for additional information regarding the Margin Loan Facility.

On March 13, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to the credit agreement for the Senior Secured Credit Facilities to obtain a new senior secured Term Loan A-6 Facility in order to refinance the $5 billion aggregate principal amount of debt incurred in connection with the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Term Loan A-6 Facility aggregate principal amount of $3,634 million matures on March 13, 2024, of which $2,839 million aggregate principal amount represents the amounts outstanding under the Term Loan A-2 Facility that rolled over into the new facility. The remaining principal amount outstanding under the Term Loan A-2 Facility was subsequently repaid in full during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, partially with proceeds from a private offering of First Lien Notes described below.



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On March 20, 2019, Dell International L.L.C. and EMC merger transactionCorporation, both of which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Dell Technologies Inc., completed a private offering of multiple series of First Lien Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $4.5 billion. The principal amount, interest rate, and maturity of each series of such First Lien Notes were $1,000 million of 4.00% First Lien Notes due July 15, 2024, $1,750 million of 4.90% First Lien Notes due October 1, 2026, and $1,750 million of 5.30% First Lien Notes due October 1, 2029. See below for additional information regarding the First Lien Notes.

A majority of the proceeds from the First Lien Notes issued on March 20, 2019 was used to repay all of the outstanding $3,750 million principal amount of the 3.48% First Lien Notes due June 2019. In addition, proceeds of approximately $800 million of borrowings under the new Term Loan A-6 Facility, the proceeds of the $650 million increase in the Margin Loan Facility, and a portion of the proceeds from the 2019 First Lien Notes were used to repay all $2,016 million of outstanding amounts under the Term Loan A-5 Facility due December 2019. The remaining proceeds available from the 2019 First Lien Notes were used to repay a portion of outstanding amounts under the Term Loan A-2 Facility as described above, and to pay related premiums, accrued interest, fees, and expenses.

On September 7, 2016,19, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Seniorsixth refinancing amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Agreement"Agreement (the “Sixth Refinancing Amendment”) to refinance the Term Loan B Facility due September 2023 with a new term loan B facility consisting of an aggregate principal amount of $4,750 million refinancing term B-1 loans maturing on September 19, 2025 (the “Term Loan B-1 Facility”). The Company used the proceeds from the Term Loan B-1 Facility, together with other available funds, to repay $4,913 million of outstanding amounts under the Term Loan B Facility due September 2023 and to pay related accrued interest, fees and expenses.

The refinancing and amendments were evaluated in accordance with FASB ASC 470, “Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments.” The amendment to the Margin Loan Facility agreement on March 7, 2019, the term debt refinancing on March 13, 2019, and the Term Loan B Facility refinancing on September 19, 2019 were accounted for as modifications for all existing lenders and as new issuances for new lenders. The First Lien Notes issued on March 20, 2019 were accounted for as new issuances for all lenders, and repayment of the Company’s outstanding amounts under the Term Loan A-5 Facility was accounted for as an extinguishment.

In connection with the refinancing and amendments described above, the Company capitalized $80.4 million in new fees paid to creditors as a result of the modifications and new issuances, and also recognized expenses of $33.8 million in write-offs of unamortized costs and $12.2 million in new third-party costs during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

Secured Debt

Senior Secured Credit FacilitiesThe Company has entered into a credit agreement that provides for senior secured credit facilities (the "Senior“Senior Secured Credit Facilities"Facilities”) in the aggregate principal amount of $17.6 billion comprising (a) term loan facilities and (b) a senior secured Revolving Credit Facility, which includes capacity for up to $0.5 billion of letters of credit and for borrowings of up to $0.4 billion under swing-line loans. Dell International L.L.C. ("Dell International") and EMC are the borrowers under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $2.7$4.5 billion. The Senior Secured Credit Facilities provide that the borrowers have the right at any time, subject to customary conditions, to request incremental term loans or incremental revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of up to (a) the greater of (i) $10.0 billion and (ii) 100% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Agreement) plus (b) an amount equal to voluntary prepayments of the term loan facilities and the Revolving Credit Facility, subject to certain requirements, plus (c) an additional unlimited amount subject to a pro forma net first lien leverage ratio of 3.25:1.0.commitments.


Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin, plus, at the borrowers'borrowers’ option, either (a) a base rate, which, under the Term Loan B Facility, is subject to an interest rate floor of 1.75% per annum, and under all other borrowings is subject to an interest rate floor of 0% per annum, or (b) a London interbank offeredInterbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The Term Loan B-1 Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 2.00% or a base rate ("LIBOR"), which, underplus an applicable margin of 1.00%. The Term Loan A-4 Facility and the Term Loan BA-6 Facility is subject tobear interest at LIBOR plus an interest rate floor of 0.75% per annum, and under all other borrowings is subject to an interest rate floor of 0% per annum. The applicable margin under the Term Loan B Facility is subjectranging from 1.25% to reduction based on2.00% or a first lien leverage ratio test. Thebase rate plus an applicable margins under the Term Loan A-1 Facility, the Term Loan A-2 Facility, the Term Loan A-3 Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility vary based upon a corporate ratings-based pricing schedule.margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%. Interest is payable, in the case of loans bearing interest based on LIBOR, at the end of each interest period (but at least every three months), in arrears and, in the case of loans bearing interest based on the base rate, quarterly in arrears.




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The Term Loan A-1B-1 Facility will mature on December 31, 2018 and has no amortization.amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1% of the original principal amount. The Term Loan A-2A-4 Facility will mature on September 7, 2021amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 5% of the original principal in each of the first four years after the facility closing date of December 20, 2018, and 80% of the original principal amount in the fifth year after December 20, 2018. The Term Loan A-6 Facility amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 5% of the original principal amount in each of the first twofour years after the facility closing date of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, 10% of the original principal amount in each of the thirdMarch 13, 2019, and fourth years after the date of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, and 70%80% of the original principal amount in the fifth year after the date of the closing of the EMC merger transaction. The Term Loan A-3 Facility will mature on December 31, 2018 and has no amortization. The Term Loan B Facility will mature on September 7, 2023 and amortizes in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1% of the original


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principal amount.March 13, 2019. The Revolving Credit Facility will mature on September 7, 2021 and has no amortization. The Term Loan A-1 and A-3 Facilities require the borrowers to prepay outstanding borrowings under these facilities with 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain non-ordinary course asset sales or dispositions after fully prepaying the Asset Sale Bridge Facility. 

The borrowers may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the term loan facilities and the Revolving Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary "breakage"“breakage” costs.


All obligations of the borrowers under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and certain swap agreements, cash management arrangements, and certain letters of credit provided by any lender or agent party to the Senior Secured Credit Facilities or any of their affiliates and certain other persons are guaranteed by Denali Intermediate Inc. ("Denali Intermediate"), Dell, certain subsidiaries of Denali Intermediate, and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect material wholly-owned domestic restricted subsidiary of Dell, with customary exceptions. All such obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities (and the guarantees thereof) and certain swap agreements, cash management arrangements, and certain letters of credit provided by any lender or agent party to the Senior Secured Credit Facilities or any of its affiliates and certain other persons are secured by (a) a first-priority security interest in certain tangible and intangible assets of the borrowers and the guarantors and (b) a first-priority pledge of 100% of the capital stock of the borrowers, Dell Inc., a wholly‑owned subsidiary of the Company (Dell), and each wholly-owned material restricted subsidiary of the borrowers and the guarantors, in each case subject to certain thresholds, exceptions, and permitted liens.


On November 8, 2016, the Company applied cash proceeds from the Dell Services and the DSG divestitures and other cash to repay $2.1 billion principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility, without premium or penalty, and accrued and unpaid interest thereon. On January 31, 2017, the Company applied cash proceeds from the ECD divestiture to repay $1.0 billion principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility, without premium or penalty, and accrued and unpaid interest thereon. During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company also repaid approximately $1.6 billion principal amount of the Revolving Credit Facility and accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

First Lien Notes — The senior secured notes (collectively, the "First“First Lien Notes"Notes”) were issued on June 1, 2016 and March 20, 2019 in an aggregate principal amount of $20.0 billion.billion and $4.5 billion, respectively. As discussed above, during the three months ended May 3, 2019, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the First Lien Notes issued on March 20, 2019 to repay all of the outstanding $3,750 million principal amount of its 3.48% First Lien Notes due June 2019. Interest on these borrowings is payable semiannually. As of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, Dell International and EMC are the co-issuers of the First Lien Notes. The First Lien Notes are guaranteed, subject to certain exceptions, on a joint and several basis by Dell Technologies, Denali Intermediate Inc. ("Denali Intermediate"), which is Dell's direct parent company, Dell, and Denali Intermediate's direct and indirect wholly-owned material domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Senior Secured Credit Facilities (the "Guarantors"). The First Lien Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, on a first-priority basis by substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets of the issuers and guarantors that secure obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, including pledges of all capital stock of the issuers, of Dell, and of certain wholly-owned material subsidiaries of the issuers and the guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.


Dell International, EMC, and the Guarantors haveThe Company has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to register with the SEC notes having terms substantially identical to the terms of the First Lien Notes as part of an offer to exchange such registered notes for the First Lien Notes. Dell International and EMCThe Company will be obligated to pay additional interest on the First Lien Notes if they failit fails to consummate such an exchange offer within five years after the closing date of the EMC merger transaction.transaction, in the case of the First Lien Notes issued on June 1, 2016, and within five years after their issue date, in the case of the First Lien Notes issued on March 20, 2019.


China Revolving Credit Facility — During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company renewed its credit agreement (the “China Revolving Credit Facility”) with a bank lender. The new terms provided an uncommitted line, with no change to the aggregate principal amount not to exceed $500 million at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.6% per annum. As of January 31, 2020, 0 amounts were outstanding under the facility, which expires on February 26, 2020. Unaudited update: Subsequent to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the China Revolving Credit Facility was terminated as of its expiration date.

Unsecured Debt

Unsecured Notes and Debentures — The Company has outstanding unsecured notes and debentures (collectively, the “Unsecured Notes and Debentures”) that were issued by Dell prior to the acquisition of Dell by Dell Technologies Inc. in the going-private transaction that closed in October 2013. Interest on these borrowings is payable semiannually.

Senior Notes — The senior unsecured notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes"“Senior Notes”) were issued on June 22, 2016 in an aggregate principal amount of $3.25 billion. Interest on these borrowings is payable semiannually. As of the closing of the EMC merger transaction, Dell International and EMC are the co-issuers of the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes are guaranteed, subject to certain exceptions, on a joint and several basis, by Dell Technologies, Denali Intermediate, Dell, and Denali Intermediate's direct and indirect wholly-owned material domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.


EMC NotesOn September 7, 2016, EMC had outstanding $2.5 billion aggregate principal amount of its 1.875% Notes due June 2018, which the Company fully repaid during the three months ended August 3, 2018, $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 2.650% Notes due June 2020, and $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 3.375% Notes due June 2023 (collectively, the "EMC Notes"“EMC Notes”), all of which were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of June 6, 2013.. Interest on these borrowings is payable semiannually. The EMC Notes remain outstanding following the closing of the EMC merger transaction. The EMC Notes are senior unsecured obligations of EMC and are not guaranteed by any subsidiaries of EMC or by the Company or any other subsidiaries of the Company.






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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




Asset Sale Bridge Facility VMware Notes On September 7, 2016, certain subsidiariesAugust 21, 2017, VMware, Inc. completed a public offering of unsecured senior notes in the Company entered into a credit agreement providing for a senior unsecured asset sale bridge facility in an aggregate principal amount of $2.2$4.0 billion, (the "Asset Sale Bridge Facility"consisting of outstanding principal due on the following dates: $1.25 billion due August 21, 2020, $1.50 billion due August 21, 2022, and $1.25 billion due August 21, 2027 (collectively, the “VMware Notes”). Borrowings under the Asset Sale Bridge Facility boreThe VMware Notes bear interest, payable semiannually, at a fixed rateannual rates of 4.875%.

The Asset Sale Bridge Facility required the borrowers to prepay outstanding borrowings under the facility with 100%2.30%, 2.95%, and 3.90%, respectively. None of the net cash proceeds of certain non-ordinary course asset salessuch borrowings will be made available to support the operations or dispositions. On November 8, 2016,satisfy any corporate purposes of Dell Technologies, other than the Company applied cash proceeds from the Dell Servicesoperations and DSG divestitures to repay the outstanding $2.2 billion principal amountcorporate purposes of the Asset Sale BridgeVMware, Inc. and VMware, Inc.’s subsidiaries.

VMware Revolving Credit Facility without premium or penalty, and accrued and unpaid interest thereon, and terminated the Asset Sale Bridge Facility and the Asset Sale Bridge Credit Agreement and related documents.

Margin Bridge Facility On September 7, 2016, Merger Sub and EMC12, 2017, VMware, Inc. entered into aan unsecured credit agreement, providingestablishing a revolving credit facility (the “VMware Revolving Credit Facility”), with a syndicate of lenders that provides the company with a borrowing capacity of up to $1.0 billion which may be used for VMware, Inc. general corporate purposes. Commitments under the VMware Revolving Credit Facility are available for a senior secured margin bridge facility in an aggregate principal amountperiod of $2.5 billion (the "Margin Bridge Facility"). EMC isfive years, which may be extended, subject to the borrowersatisfaction of certain conditions, by up to 2 one year periods. The credit agreement contains certain representations, warranties, and covenants. Commitment fees, interest rates, and other terms of borrowing under the Margin BridgeVMware Revolving Credit Facility which is secured solely by 77,033,442 shares of Class B common stock of VMware and any proceeds thereof.

Interest under the Margin Bridge Facility is payable, at the borrower's option, either at (a) a base rate plus 0.75% per annum or (b) a LIBOR-based rate plus 1.75% per annum. Interest is payable, in the case of loans bearing interestmay vary based on LIBOR, at the end of each interest period (but at least every three months), in arrears and, in the case of loans bearing interest based on the base rate, quarterly in arrears.

The Margin Bridge Facility will mature on September 6, 2017 and has no amortization. The Margin Bridge Facility requires the borrower to prepay outstanding borrowings under the Margin Bridge Facility with 100%VMware, Inc.’s external credit ratings. None of the net cash proceeds of such borrowings will be made available to support the operations or satisfy any asset sale or other dispositioncorporate purposes of the pledged VMware shares. The borrower may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Margin Bridge Facility at any time without premium or penalty,Dell Technologies, other than customary "breakage" costs, subject to certain minimum threshold amounts for prepayment.

the operations and corporate purposes of VMware, Note Bridge Facility On September 7, 2016, Merger SubInc. and EMC entered into a credit agreement providing for a senior secured note bridge facility in an aggregate principal amountVMware, Inc.’s subsidiaries. As of $1.5 billion (the "VMware Note Bridge Facility"). EMC is the borrower under the VMware Note Bridge Facility, which is secured solely by certain intercompany notes in an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion issued by VMware that are payable to EMC, and the proceeds thereof.

Interest under the VMware Note Bridge Facility is payable, at the borrower's option, either at (a) a base rate plus 0.75% per annum or (b) a LIBOR-based rate plus 1.75% per annum. Interest is payable, in the case of loans bearing interest based on LIBOR, at the end of each interest period (but at least every three months), in arrears and, in the case of loans bearing interest based on the base rate, quarterly in arrears.

The VMware Note Bridge Facility will mature on September 6, 2017 and has no amortization. The VMware Note Bridge Facility requires the borrower to prepayJanuary 31, 2020, there were 0 outstanding borrowings under the VMware Note BridgeRevolving Credit Facility.

VMware Term Loan Facility — On September 26, 2019, VMware, Inc. entered into a senior unsecured term loan facility (the “VMware Term Loan Facility”) with 100%a syndicate of lenders that provides VMware, Inc. with a borrowing capacity of up to $2.0 billion for VMware, Inc. general corporate purposes. VMware, Inc. may borrow against the VMware Term Loan Facility 2 times up to its borrowing capacity of $2.0 billion until February 7, 2020. The VMware Term Loan Facility matures on the 364th day following the initial funding under the facility. The VMware Term Loan Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.75% to 1.25%, or an alternative base rate plus 0.00% to 0.25%, depending on VMware Inc.’s external credit ratings. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, VMware, Inc. drew down $3.4 billion and repaid $1.9 billion. As of January 31, 2020, the outstanding borrowings under the VMware Term Loan Facility were $1.5 billion, with 0 remaining amount available for additional borrowings. The VMware Term Loan Facility contains certain representations, warranties, and covenants. None of the net cash proceeds of such borrowings will be made available to support the operations or satisfy any asset sale or other dispositioncorporate purposes of the pledged VMware promissory notes. The borrower may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the VMware Note Bridge Facility at any time without premium or penalty,Dell Technologies, other than customary "breakage" costs, subject to certain minimum threshold amounts for prepayment.the operations and corporate purposes of VMware, Inc. and VMware, Inc.’s subsidiaries.


Structured FinancingDFS DebtAs of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, the Company had $3.5 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, in outstanding structured financing debt, which was primarily related to the fixed-term lease and loan securitization programs and the revolving loan securitization programs.

See Note 74 and Note 97 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively, for further discussion of the structured financingDFS debt and the interest rate swap agreements that hedge a portion of that debt.


Unsecured Notes and DebenturesOther

Margin Loan FacilityThe Company has Unsecured Notes and Debentures that were issued prior to the going-private transaction. Interest on these borrowings is payable semiannually. See "Senior Notes" above for a discussion of the senior unsecured notes issued in connection with the EMC merger transaction.

Repayment and Termination of Credit Facilities At the closing of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016,On April 12, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $6.1 billion of borrowings (including accrued and unpaid interest thereon) underentered into the Company's ABL CreditMargin Loan Facility and Term Loan Facilities obtained in connection with the going-private transaction and terminated such credit facilities and related credit agreements and documents.


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The ABL Credit Facility provided for an asset-based senior secured revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of approximately $2.0 billion, subject to a borrowing base consisting of certain receivables and inventory. The Term Loan Facilities originally provided for senior secured term loan facilities consisting of a $4.7 billion Term Loan B Facility, a $1.5 billion Term Loan C Facility and a €0.7 billion Term Loan Euro Facility.

Redemption of Senior First Lien Notes billion. In connection with the EMC mergerClass V transaction, on December 20, 2018, the Company issued and delivered notices of conditional redemptionamended the Margin Loan Facility to holders ofincrease the outstanding 5.625% Senior First Lien Notes due 2020 issued in an aggregate original principal amount of $1.5 billion in October 2013 in connection with Dell's going private transaction (the "Senior First Lien Notes") to redeem (a) $0.15 billion in aggregate principal amount of the Senior First Lien Notes at a redemption price of 103% offacility to $3.35 billion. In connection with obtaining the principal amount thereof and (b) $1.25 billion inTerm Loan A-6 Facility, the Company increased the aggregate principal amount of the Senior First Lien NotesMargin Loan Facility to $4.0 billion. VMW Holdco LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of EMC, is the borrower under the Margin Loan Facility, which is secured by 60 million shares of Class B common stock of VMware, Inc. and 20 million shares of Class A common stock of VMware, Inc. Loans under the Margin Loan Facility bear interest at a redemption price equalrate per annum payable, at the borrower’s option, either at (a) a base rate plus 1.25% or (b) a LIBOR-based rate plus 2.25%. Interest under the Margin Loan Facility is payable quarterly. The Margin Loan Facility will mature in April 2022. The borrower may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Margin Loan Facility at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary “breakage” costs, subject to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a "make-whole" premium calculated in accordance with the indenture governing the Senior First Lien Notes, in each case, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the redemption date. Such redemption notices were conditioned upon, among other matters, the closing of the EMC merger transaction.certain minimum threshold amounts for prepayment.

Pivotal Revolving Credit Facility On September 7, 2016, substantially concurrently with2017, Pivotal entered into a credit agreement (the “Pivotal Revolving Credit Facility”) that provided for a senior secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $100 million. The credit facility contained customary representations, warranties, and covenants, including financial covenants. During the consummationfiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Pivotal Revolving Credit Facility was terminated.



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Table of the EMC merger transaction, the Company deposited with the trustee of the Senior First Lien Notes the applicable redemption payments to fund such redemptions and thereby redeemed all of the outstanding Senior First Lien Notes.Contents


Aggregate Future Maturities

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, aggregate future maturities of the Company'sCompany’s debt were as follows:
 Maturities by Fiscal Year
 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total
 (in millions)
Senior Secured Credit Facilities and First Lien Notes$229
 $4,672
 $286
 $6,702
 $1,775
 $16,000
 $29,664
Unsecured Notes and Debentures
 400
 
 
 
 952
 1,352
Senior Notes and EMC Notes600
 1,075
 
 1,000
 1,625
 
 4,300
VMware Notes2,750
 
 1,500
 
 
 1,250
 5,500
DFS Debt4,154
 1,894
 1,622
 85
 10
 
 7,765
Margin Loan Facility
 
 4,000
 
 
 
 4,000
Other14
 11
 7
 8
 7
 37
 84
Total maturities, principal amount7,747
 8,052
 7,415
 7,795
 3,417
 18,239
 52,665
Associated carrying value adjustments(10) (52) (24) (50) (96) (377) (609)
Total maturities, carrying value amount$7,737
 $8,000
 $7,391
 $7,745
 $3,321
 $17,862
 $52,056

 Maturities by Fiscal Year
 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
 (in millions)
Structured Financing Debt$2,088
 $1,216
 $136
 $22
 $2
 $
 $3,464
Senior Secured Credit Facilities and First Lien Notes246
 2,695
 4,193
 332
 7,672
 16,500
 31,638
Unsecured Notes and Debentures
 500
 600
 
 400
 953
 2,453
Senior Notes and EMC Notes
 2,500
 
 2,000
 1,625
 2,625
 8,750
Bridge Facilities4,000
 
 
 
 
 
 4,000
Other23
 2
 
 
 
 26
 51
Total maturities, principal amount6,357
 6,913
 4,929
 2,354
 9,699
 20,104
 50,356
Associated carrying value adjustments(28) (48) (57) 
 (243) (590) (966)
Total maturities, carrying value amount$6,329
 $6,865
 $4,872
 $2,354
 $9,456
 $19,514
 $49,390




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Covenants and Unrestricted Net Assets The credit agreement for the Senior Secured Credit Facilities containcontains customary negative covenants that generally limit the ability of Denali Intermediate Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies (“Dell Intermediate”), Dell, and Dell'sDell’s and Denali Intermediate'sIntermediate’s other restricted subsidiaries to incur debt, create liens, make fundamental changes, enter into asset sales, make certain investments, pay dividends or distribute or redeem certain equity interests, prepay or redeem certain debt, and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains customary negative covenants that generally limit the ability of Denali Intermediate, Dell, and Dell'sDell’s and Denali Intermediate'sIntermediate’s other restricted subsidiaries to incur additional debt or issue certain preferred shares, pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of capital stock or make other restricted payments, make certain investments, sell or transfer certain assets, create liens on certain assets to secure debt, consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, and designate subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.

The negative covenants under such credit agreements and indenture are subject to certain exceptions, qualifications, and "baskets."“baskets.” The indentures governing the First Lien Notes, the Unsecured Notes and Debentures, and the EMC Notes variously impose limitations, subject to specified exceptions, on creating certain liens, entering into sale and lease-back transactions, and entering into certain asset sales. The foregoing credit agreements and indentures contain customary events of default, including failure to make required payments, failure to comply with covenants, and the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency.

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the Company had certain consolidated subsidiaries that were designated as unrestricted subsidiaries for all purposes of the applicable credit agreements and the indentures governing the First Lien Notes and the Senior Notes. As of February 3, 2017, substantiallySubstantially all of the net assets of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated subsidiaries were restricted, with the exception of the Company'sCompany’s unrestricted subsidiaries, primarily VMware Inc., Secureworks, and SecureWorks. The foregoing credit agreements and indentures contain customary eventstheir respective subsidiaries, as of default, including failure to make required payments, failure to comply with covenants, and the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency.January 31, 2020.


The Term Loan A-1A-4 Facility, the Term Loan A-2 Facility, the Term Loan A-3A-6 Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility are subject to a first lien net leverage ratio covenant that will beis tested at the end of each fiscal quarter of Dell with respect to Dell'sDell’s preceding four fiscal quarters. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of February 3, 2017.January 31, 2020.





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NOTE 97DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES


As part of its risk management strategy, the Company uses derivative instruments, primarily foreign currency forward and option contracts and interest rate swaps, to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures, respectively.

The Company’s objective is to offset gains and losses resulting from these exposures with gains and losses on the derivative contracts used to hedge the exposures, thereby reducing volatility of earnings and protecting the fair values of assets and liabilities. The earnings effects of the derivative instruments are presented in the same income statement line items as the earnings effects of the hedged items. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the Company assesses hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge, and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative. The Company does not have any derivatives designated as fair value hedges.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company uses foreign currency forward and option contracts designated as cash flow hedges to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in its forecasted transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Hedge accounting is applied based upon the criteria established by accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The risk of loss associated with purchased options is limited to premium amounts paid for the option contracts. The risk of loss associated with forward contracts is equal to the exchange rate differential from the time the contract is entered into until the time it is settled. The majority of these contracts typically expire in twelve months or less.

During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, the Company did not discontinue any cash flow hedges related to foreign exchange contracts that had a material impact on the Company’s results of operations due to the probability that the forecasted cash flows would not occur.

The Company uses forward contracts to hedge monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. These contracts generally expire in three months or less, are considered economic hedges, and are not designated for hedge accounting. The change in the fair value of these instruments represents a natural hedge as their gains and losses offset the changes in the underlying fair value of the monetary assets and liabilities due to movements in currency exchange rates.

In connection with expanded offerings of DFS in Europe, forward contracts are used to hedge financing receivables denominated in foreign currencies other than Euro. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within three years or less.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability in cash flows related to the interest rate payments on structured financing debt. The interest rate swaps economically convert the variable rate on the structured financing debt to a fixed interest rate to match the underlying fixed rate being received on fixed-term customer leases and loans. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within three years or less.

Interest rate swaps are utilized to manage the interest rate risk, at a portfolio level, associated with DFS operations in Europe. The interest rate swaps economically convert the fixed rate on financing receivables to a three-month Euribor-based floating rate in order to match the floating rate nature of the banks’ funding pool. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within five years or less.

The Company utilizes cross currency amortizing swaps to hedge the currency and interest rate risk exposure associated with the securitization program that was established in Europe in January 2017.  The cross currency swaps combine a Euro-based interest rate swap with a British Pound or U.S. Dollar foreign exchange forward contract in which the Company pays a fixed British Pound or U.S. Dollar amount and receives a floating amount in Euros linked to the one-month Euribor.  The notional value of the swaps amortizes in line with the expected cash flows and run-off of the securitized assets.  The swaps are not designated for hedge accounting and expire within five years or less.



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Derivative Instruments

As part of its risk management strategy, the Company uses derivative instruments, primarily foreign currency forward and option contracts and interest rate swaps, to hedge certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures, respectively.

The Company's objective is to offset gains and losses resulting from these exposures with gains and losses on the derivative contracts used to hedge the exposures, thereby reducing volatility of earnings and protecting the fair values of assets and liabilities. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the Company assesses hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative and recognizes any ineffective portion of the hedge in earnings as a component of interest and other, net. Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in earnings was not material during the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015.

In connection with the EMC merger transaction, the Company acquired foreign exchange derivative instruments with a fair value of approximately $7.0 million as of the closing date of the transaction. The portfolio of instruments is comprised of foreign currency forward and option contracts that mature at various times within 12 months.  The Company elected to leave the acquired instruments undesignated from a hedge accounting perspective.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company uses foreign currency forward and option contracts designated as cash flow hedges to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risks inherent in its forecasted transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Hedge accounting is applied based upon the criteria established by accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The risk of loss associated with purchased options is limited to premium amounts paid for the option contracts. The risk of loss associated with forward contracts is equal to the exchange rate differential from the time the contract is entered into until the time it is settled. The majority of these contracts typically expire in twelve months or less.

During the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015, the Company did not discontinue any cash flow hedges related to foreign exchange contracts that had a material impact on the Company's results of operations due to the probability that the forecasted cash flows would not occur.

The Company uses forward contracts to hedge monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. These contracts generally expire in three months or less, are considered economic hedges, and are not designated for hedge accounting. The change in the fair value of these instruments represents a natural hedge as their gains and losses offset the changes in the underlying fair value of the monetary assets and liabilities due to movements in currency exchange rates.

In connection with the expanded offerings of DFS in Europe, forward contracts are used to hedge financing receivables denominated in foreign currencies. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within three years or less.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability in cash flows related to the interest rate payments on structured financing debt. The interest rate swaps economically convert the variable rate on the structured financing debt to a fixed interest rate to match the underlying fixed rate being received on fixed-term customer leases and loans. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within three years or less.

Interest rate swaps are utilized to manage the interest rate risk, at a portfolio level, associated with DFS operations in Europe. The interest rate swaps economically convert the fixed rate on financing receivables to a three-month Euribor floating rate basis in order to match the floating rate nature of the banks' funding pool. These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting and most expire within three years or less.

The Company utilizes cross currency amortizing swaps to hedge the currency and interest rate risk exposure associated with the securitization program that was established in Europe in January 2017.  The cross currency swaps combine a Euro-based


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



interest rate swap with a British Pound or US Dollar foreign exchange forward contract in which the Company pays a fixed British Pound or US Dollar amount and receives a floating amount in Euro linked to the one-month Euribor.  The notional value of the swaps amortize in line with the expected cash flows and run off of the securitized assets.  The swaps mature within 5 years or less and are not designated for hedge accounting.


Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Instruments

 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Foreign exchange contracts: 
  
Designated as cash flow hedging instruments$8,703
 $7,573
Non-designated as hedging instruments7,711
 6,129
Total$16,414
 $13,702
Interest rate contracts:   
Non-designated as hedging instruments$4,043
 $2,674

The notional amounts of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Foreign Exchange Contracts 
  
Designated as cash flow hedging instruments$3,781
 $3,947
Non-designated as hedging instruments2,992
 985
Total$6,773
 $4,932
    
Interest Rate Contracts   
Non-designated as hedging instruments$1,251
 $1,017


Effect of Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated OCI, Net of Tax, on Derivatives Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
  (in millions)   (in millions)
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020
   
 Total net revenue $226
Foreign exchange contracts $269
 Total cost of net revenue 
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
Total $269
   $226
       
For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019
   
 Total net revenue $225
Foreign exchange contracts $299
 Total cost of net revenue 
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
Total $299
   $225
       
For the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018
   
 Total net revenue $(77)
Foreign exchange contracts $(248) Total cost of net revenue (57)
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
Total $(248)   $(134)

Derivatives in
Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
 Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in Accumulated
OCI, Net
of Tax, on
Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from Accumulated
OCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Gain (Loss)
Reclassified
from Accumulated
OCI into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion) Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion)
(in millions)
For the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017      
   
 Total net revenue $57
    
Foreign exchange contracts $20
 Total cost of net revenue (13)    
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
 Interest and other, net $(1)
Total $20
   $44
   $(1)
           
For the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016      
   
 Total net revenue $328
    
Foreign exchange contracts $152
 Total cost of net revenue 40
    
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
 Interest and other, net $(1)
Total $152
   $368
   $(1)
           
For the fiscal year ended January 30, 2015      
   
 Total net revenue $163
    
Foreign exchange contracts $427
 Total cost of net revenue 15
    
Interest rate contracts 
 Interest and other, net 
 Interest and other, net $1
Total $427
   $178
   $1


Effect of Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)

 Fiscal Year Ended  
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018 Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized
 (in millions)  
Foreign exchange contracts$(152) $(67) $(106) Interest and other, net
Interest rate contracts(28) (8) 4
 Interest and other, net
Total$(180) $(75) $(102)  

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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

The Company presents its foreign exchange derivative instruments on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position due to the right of offset by its counterparties under master netting arrangements. The following tables present the fair value of those derivative instruments presented on a gross basis as of each date indicated below was as follows:the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020
 Other Current
Assets
 Other Non-
Current Assets
 Other Current
Liabilities
 Other Non-Current
Liabilities
 Total
Fair Value
 (in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position$108
 $
 $15
 $
 $123
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(2) 
 (3) 
 (5)
Net asset (liability)106
 
 12
 
 118
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:         
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position136
 
 39
 
 175
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(162) 
 (81) (6) (249)
Interest rate contracts in an asset position
 1
 
 
 1
Interest rate contracts in a liability position
 
 
 (32) (32)
Net asset (liability)(26) 1
 (42) (38) (105)
Total derivatives at fair value$80
 $1
 $(30) $(38) $13
          
 February 1, 2019
 Other Current
Assets
 Other Non-
Current Assets
 Other Current
Liabilities
 Other Non-Current
Liabilities
 Total
Fair Value
 (in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position$45
 $
 $29
 $
 $74
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(19) 
 (20) 
 (39)
Net asset (liability)26
 
 9
 
 35
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position178
 
 57
 
 235
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(110) 
 (115) (2) (227)
Interest rate contracts in an asset position
 3
 
 
 3
Interest rate contracts in a liability position
 
 
 (9) (9)
Net asset (liability)68
 3
 (58) (11) 2
Total derivatives at fair value$94
 $3
 $(49) $(11) $37

 February 3, 2017
 Other Current
Assets
 Other Non-
Current Assets
 Other Current
Liabilities
 Other Non-Current
Liabilities
 Total
Fair Value
   (in millions)  
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position$41
 $
 $17
 $
 $58
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(19) 
 (6) 
 (25)
Net asset (liability)22
 
 11
 
 33
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position309
 2
 31
 
 342
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(131) 
 (103) 
 (234)
Interest rate contracts in an asset position
 3
 
 
 3
Interest rate contracts in a liability position
 
 
 (3) (3)
Net asset (liability)178
 5
 (72) (3) 108
Total derivatives at fair value$200
 $5
 $(61) $(3) $141
          
 January 29, 2016
 Other Current
Assets
 Other Non-
Current Assets
 Other Current
Liabilities
 Other Non-Current
Liabilities
 Total
Fair Value
   (in millions)  
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position$100
 $
 $
 $
 $100
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(11) 
 
 
 (11)
Net asset (liability)89
 
 
 
 89
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts in an asset position301
 1
 
 
 302
Foreign exchange contracts in a liability position(198) 
 (5) (3) (206)
Interest rate contracts in an asset position
 2
 
 
 2
Interest rate contracts in a liability position
 
 
 (4) (4)
Net asset (liability)103
 3
 (5) (7) 94
Total derivatives at fair value$192
 $3
 $(5) $(7) $183






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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The following table presentstables present the gross amounts of the Company'sCompany’s derivative instruments, amounts offset due to master netting agreements with the Company's variousCompany’s counterparties, and the net amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.Position as of the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amounts of Assets/ (Liabilities) Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount
 Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received or Pledged 
 (in millions)
Derivative instruments:           
Financial assets$299
 $(218) $81
 $
 $
 $81
Financial liabilities(286) 218
 (68) 
 15
 (53)
Total derivative instruments$13
 $
 $13
 $
 $15
 $28
            
 February 1, 2019
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amounts of Assets/ (Liabilities) Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount
 Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received or Pledged 
 (in millions)
Derivative instruments:           
Financial assets$312
 $(215) $97
 $
 $
 $97
Financial liabilities(275) 215
 (60) 
 4
 (56)
Total derivative instruments$37
 $
 $37
 $
 $4
 $41

 February 3, 2017
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amounts of Assets/ (Liabilities) Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount
 Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received or Pledged 
 (in millions)
Derivative instruments           
Financial assets$403
 $(198) $205
 $
 $
 $205
Financial liabilities(262) 198
 (64) 
 
 (64)
Total derivative instruments$141
 $
 $141
 $
 $
 $141
            
 January 29, 2016
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ (Liabilities) Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amounts of Assets/ (Liabilities) Presented in the Statement of Financial Position Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position Net Amount
 Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received or Pledged 
 (in millions)
Derivative instruments           
Financial assets$404
 $(209) $195
 $
 $
 $195
Financial liabilities(221) 209
 (12) 
 
 (12)
Total derivative instruments$183
 $
 $183
 $
 $
 $183








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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 108 —BUSINESS COMBINATIONS, GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS


Business Combinations

Fiscal year ended January 31, 2020

VMware, Inc. Acquisition of Carbon Black, Inc.

On October 8, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of Carbon Black, Inc. (“Carbon Black”), a developer of cloud-native endpoint protection, in a cash tender offer for all of the outstanding shares of Carbon Black’s common stock, at a price of $26.00 per share. VMware, Inc. acquired Carbon Black to create a comprehensive intrinsic security portfolio to protect workloads, clients, and infrastructure from cloud to edge. VMware, Inc. believes that the acquisition will result in synergies with the Carbon Black platform and VMware NSX and VMware Workspace ONE offerings, among others, and enable VMware, Inc. to offer a highly-differentiated intrinsic security platform addressing multiple concerns of the security industry. The total preliminary purchase price was $2.0 billion, net of cash acquired of $111 million.

Merger consideration totaling $18 million is held with a third-party paying agent and is payable to a certain employee of Carbon Black subject to specified future employment conditions and is being recognized as an expense over the requisite service period of approximately two years on a straight-line basis.

VMware, Inc. assumed all of Carbon Black’s unvested stock options and restricted stock awards outstanding at the completion of the acquisition with an estimated fair value of $181 million. Of the total consideration, $10 million was allocated to the purchase price and $171 million was allocated to future services and will be expensed over the remaining requisite service periods of approximately three years on a straight-line basis. The estimated fair value of the stock options assumed by VMware, Inc. was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. A share conversion ratio of 0.2 was applied to convert Carbon Black’s outstanding stock awards into awards for shares of VMware, Inc.'s common stock.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the consideration to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of acquisition.
 Preliminary Allocation
 (in millions)
Cash$111
Accounts receivable58
Intangible assets492
Goodwill1,588
Other acquired assets52
Total assets acquired2,301
Deferred revenue151
Other assumed liabilities45
Total liabilities assumed196
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed$2,105




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The following table summarizes the components of the intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives by VMware, Inc. in conjunction with the acquisition.
 Weighted-Average Useful Lives Fair Value Amount
 (in years) (in millions)
Purchased technology4.2 $232
Customer relationships and customer lists7.0 215
Trademarks and tradenames5.0 25
Other2.0 20
Total definite-lived intangible assets  $492


The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The estimated fair value assigned to the tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities were based on VMware, Inc. management's estimates and assumptions. The initial allocation of the purchase price was based on preliminary valuations and assumptions and is subject to change within the measurement period. Additionally, current and non-current income taxes payable and deferred taxes may be subject to change as additional information is received and tax returns are finalized. VMware, Inc. expects to finalize the allocation of the purchase price within the measurement period. VMware, Inc. expects that goodwill and identifiable intangible assets will 0t be deductible for tax purposes.

The pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year of acquisition, as well as the revenue and earnings generated during the current fiscal year, were not material for disclosure purposes.

Other VMware, Inc. Acquisitions

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of Avi Networks, Inc., a provider of multi-cloud application delivery services. Together, VMware, Inc. and Avi Networks, Inc. expect to deliver a software defined networking stack built for the multi-cloud environment. The total purchase price was $326 million, net of cash acquired of $9 million. The purchase price primarily included $94 million of identifiable intangible assets and $228 million of goodwill that is 0t expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The Company has not presented pro forma results of operations for this acquisition because it is not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

VMware, Inc. completed other acquisitions during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 which were not material individually or collectively to the Consolidated Financial Statements. VMware, Inc. expects that these acquisitions will enhance its product features and capabilities for its software-defined data center solutions and software-as-a-service offerings.

For each of the acquisitions during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the initial allocation of the purchase price was based on preliminary valuations and assumptions and is subject to change within the measurement period. VMware, Inc. expects to finalize the allocation of the purchase price for each of the acquisitions within the measurement period.

Fiscal year ended February 1, 2019

VMware, Inc. Acquisitions

CloudHealth Technologies, Inc. — During the third quarter of the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of CloudHealth Technologies, Inc. (“CloudHealth Technologies”), a company delivering a cloud operations platform that enables customers to analyze and manage cloud cost, usage, security, and performance centrally for native public clouds. The total purchase price was $495 million, net of cash acquired of $26 million and primarily included $101 million of identifiable intangible assets and $394 million of goodwill that is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets included completed technology of $69 million and customer relationships of $18 million, with estimated useful lives of one to five years. The fair value of assumed unvested equity awards attributed to post-combination services was $39 million and will be expensed over the remaining requisite service periods on a straight-line basis.


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Heptio Inc. — During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of Heptio Inc. (“Heptio”), a provider of products and services that help enterprises deploy and operationalize Kubernetes software. The total purchase price was $420 million, net of cash acquired of $15 million. The purchase price primarily included $27 million of identifiable intangible assets and $392 million of goodwill that is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The identifiable intangible assets primarily consisted of completed technology of $20 million, with an estimated useful life of five years. Merger consideration totaling $117 million, including $24 million that was held in escrow, is payable to certain employees of Heptio subject to specified future employment conditions and is being recognized as expense over the requisite service periods on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense recognized during the year ended February 1, 2019 was not significant. The fair value of assumed unvested equity awards attributed to post-combination services was $47 million and will be expensed over the remaining requisite service periods on a straight-line basis.
The Company has not presented pro forma results of operations for the foregoing acquisitions because they are not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Fiscal year ended February 2, 2018

VMware, Inc. Acquisitions

VeloCloud Networks, Inc. — During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisition of VeloCloud Networks, Inc. (“VeloCloud”), a provider of cloud-delivered software-defined wide-area network (SD-WAN) technology for enterprises and service providers. VMware, Inc. acquired VeloCloud to build on its network virtualization platform, VMware NSX, and to expand its networking portfolio. The total purchase price was $449 million, net of cash acquired of $24 million. Prior to the closing of the acquisition, Dell Technologies, including VMware Inc., held an ownership interest in VeloCloud. Upon completion of the step acquisition, Dell Technologies recognized a gain of $8 million in interest and other, net for the remeasurement of its previously held ownership interest to fair value, which was $12 million.

Other Business Combinations — During the second quarter of the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018, VMware, Inc. completed the acquisitions of Wavefront and Apteligent, Inc., which were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These acquisitions are a part of VMware, Inc.’s strategy to accelerate the development of VMware, Inc.’s cloud services and other technologies. The aggregate purchase price for the 2 acquisitions was $323 million, inclusive of the fair value of the Company’s existing investment in Wavefront of $69 million and cash acquired of $35 million. The aggregate purchase price included $36 million of identifiable intangible assets and $238 million of goodwill that is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Prior to the closing of the acquisition, Dell Technologies, including VMware, Inc., held an ownership interest in Wavefront. Upon completion of the step acquisition, Dell Technologies recognized a $45 million gain in interest and other, net for the remeasurement of its previously held ownership interest to fair value.

The Company has not presented pro forma results of operations for the foregoing acquisitions because they are not material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Goodwill


The Infrastructure Solutions Group, Client Solutions Group, and VMware reporting units are consistent with the reportable segments identified in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Offerings within Other Businesses as defined below represent separate reporting units.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Pivotal which was accounted for as a transaction by entities under common control, and Dell Technologies now reports Pivotal results within the VMware reportable segment. Pivotal results and goodwill were previously included within Other businesses. The historical segment results and the historical carrying amounts of goodwill attributable to Pivotal ($2.2 billion as of February 2, 2018) have been recast to reflect this change. See Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the recast of segment results.

During the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the Company made certain segment reporting changes, which included the movement of operating results of Virtustream Group Holdings, Inc. (“Virtustream”) from the Infrastructure Solutions Group segment to Other Businesses. The historical carrying amount of goodwill attributable to Virtustream was reclassified to Other Businesses to align with these reporting changes.



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The following table presents goodwill allocated to the Company's businessCompany’s reportable segments as of February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015, and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill foras of the respective periods:dates indicated:
 Client Solutions Group Infrastructure Solutions Group VMware Other Businesses (a) Total
 (in millions)
Balances as of January 30, 2015$4,428
 $3,907
 $
 $71
 $8,406
Goodwill recognized during the period
 
 
 
 
Adjustments
 
 
 
 
Balances as of January 29, 20164,428
 3,907
 
 71
 8,406
Goodwill acquired (b)
 12,872
 15,070
 3,597
 31,539
Impact of foreign currency translation
 (169) 
 (32) (201)
Goodwill divested (c)
 (834) 
 
 (834)
Other adjustments (d)(191) (169) 
 360
 
Balances as of February 3, 2017$4,237
 $15,607
 $15,070
 $3,996
 $38,910
 Infrastructure Solutions Group Client Solutions Group VMware Other Businesses (a) Total
 (in millions)
Balances as of February 2, 2018$15,557
 $4,237
 $17,863
 $2,263
 $39,920
Goodwill acquired (b)
 
 784
 
 784
Impact of foreign currency translation(289) 
 (26) (41) (356)
Goodwill divested(69) 
 
 
 (69)
Goodwill impaired (c)
 
 
 (190) (190)
Balances as of February 1, 201915,199
 4,237
 18,621
 2,032
 40,089
Goodwill acquired (b)
 
 1,911
 16
 1,927
Impact of foreign currency translation(110) 
 
 (8) (118)
Goodwill impaired (c)
 
 
 (207) (207)
Balance as of January 31, 2020$15,089
 $4,237
 $20,532
 $1,833
 $41,691
____________________
(a)Other Businesses previously referred to as Corporate, consists of offerings by Secureworks, Virtustream, Boomi, and RSA Information Security, SecureWorks, Pivotal, and Boomi, Inc. ("Boomi").Security.
(b)In connection withVMware, Inc. business combinations completed during the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $31.5 billion in goodwill, which has been preliminarily allocated to ISG, VMware,fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and Other Businesses. This amount represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with this transaction. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the EMC merger transactionFebruary 1, 2019, as well as adjustments that impacted goodwill.discussed above.
(c)Goodwill divested representsThe Company recognized goodwill attributableimpairment charges related to ECD, which was acquired as a part of the EMC merger transaction and subsequently divested. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the ECD divestiture.
(d)Following the completion of the SecureWorks IPOVirtustream during the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017, goodwill attributable to the SecureWorks business was re-allocated in a manner consistent with goodwill recognized by SecureWorks on a stand-alone basis.1, 2019, as discussed below.


Annual Goodwill Impairment TestGoodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the third fiscal quarter and whenever events or circumstances may indicate that an impairment has occurred. Based onThe Company elected to bypass the resultsassessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it was more likely than not that the annualfair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. In electing to bypass the qualitative assessment, the Company proceeded directly to performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test which was a qualitative test, no impairmentto measure the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit relative to its carrying amount, and to determine the amount of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets existed for any reporting unit as of October 28, 2016. No events or circumstances transpired subsequentimpairment loss to the annual impairment test that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill as of February 3, 2017. Further, the Company did not have any accumulated goodwill impairment charges as of February 3, 2017.be recognized, if any.


Management exercised significant judgment related to the above assessment, including the identification of goodwill reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to goodwill reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each goodwill reporting unit. The fair value of each goodwill reporting unit is generally estimated using a combination of public company multiples and discounted cash flow methodology. This analysis requiresmethodologies, unless the reporting unit relates to a publicly-traded entity (VMware, Inc. or Secureworks), in which case the fair value is determined based primarily on the public company market valuation. The discounted cash flow and public company multiples methodologies require significant judgments,judgment, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, current and anticipated economic conditions and trends, selection of market multiples through assessment of the reporting unit’s performance relative to peer competitors, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate and discount rate of the Company'sCompany’s business, and the determination of the Company'sCompany’s weighted average cost of capital. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the fair value of the goodwill reporting unit, potentially resulting in a non-cash impairment charge.



The fair value of the indefinite-lived trade names is generally estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies. The discounted cash flow methodology requires significant judgment, including estimation of future revenue, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of the long-term revenue growth rate of the Company’s business and the determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and royalty rates. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets, potentially resulting in a non-cash impairment charge.


Based on the results of the annual impairment test performed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the fair values of each of the reporting units exceeded their carrying values. However, it was determined that the fair value of the RSA Security reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 13% as of November 1, 2019.  The Company’s entry into a definitive agreement to



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sell RSA Security for $2.075 billion provided a new fair value indication that the RSA Security reporting unit exceeds carrying value. Subsequent to the annual impairment test, based on fair value indicators as of January 31, 2020 it was determined that the fair value of the RSA Security reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount by 20%. For more information regarding the pending sale of RSA Security, see Note 24 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, an interim impairment assessment of Virtustream was required as discussed further below.

During the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, an annual impairment test was performed, and then an additional interim impairment analysis was performed following the close of the Class V transaction in December 2018 given the availability of market data for the fair value of the Class C Common Stock. Based on the results of the impairment tests performed during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the fair values of each of the reporting units, except for the Virtustream reporting unit, exceeded their carrying values.

Virtustream’s results, which are reported within the Company’s Other businesses, do not meet the requirements for a reportable segment and are not material to the Company’s overall results. Virtustream delivers an application management cloud platform for enterprise mission-critical workloads in the infrastructure-as-a-service market, and had approximately $0.4 billion in goodwill that was derived from the EMC merger transaction during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.  Virtustream forecasts were revised downward due to a resetting of the longer term business model that is focused on a streamlined product portfolio.

During the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, it was determined that the carrying value of the Virtustream reporting unit exceeded its fair value, and, as such, a goodwill impairment charge of approximately $190 million was recognized, and was classified in Selling, general, and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The impairment is reflected as a reduction in Goodwill of approximately $190 million in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of February 1, 2019. The Company did not have any accumulated goodwill impairment charges from prior period goodwill impairment tests.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company evaluated strategic alternatives for Virtustream that provided new fair value indicators and resulted in the need to perform an interim impairment assessment of both long-lived assets (including intangible assets) and goodwill. Based on the results of the impairment assessment, it was determined that the fair value of the asset group was less than its carrying value. A gross impairment charge of $619 million ($524 million net of tax benefits) was recognized related to Virtustream intangible assets, property, plant, and equipment, and remaining goodwill during the three months ended August 2, 2019 and was classified in Selling, general, and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Additionally, required deferred tax adjustments associated with the intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment resulted in the recognition of an income tax benefit of $95 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The impairment is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of January 31, 2020 as a reduction in Goodwill of $207 million, a reduction in Intangible assets, net of $266 million, a reduction in Property, plant, and equipment, net of $146 million, and a reduction in Other non-current liabilities of $95 million related to deferred income taxes.

There are no remaining balances of Virtustream goodwill, intangible assets, or property, plant, and equipment as of January 31, 2020 following the respective impairment charges recognized during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019.



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Intangible Assets


The Company'sfollowing table presents the Company’s intangible assets as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016 were as follows:the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
 (in millions)
Customer relationships$22,950
 $(13,821) $9,129
 $22,750
 $(11,703) $11,047
Developed technology15,707
 (10,974) 4,733
 15,701
 (9,036) 6,665
Trade names1,306
 (816) 490
 1,291
 (606) 685
Leasehold assets (liabilities)
 
 
 128
 (10) 118
Definite-lived intangible assets39,963
 (25,611) 14,352
 39,870
 (21,355) 18,515
Indefinite-lived trade names3,755
 
 3,755
 3,755
 
 3,755
Total intangible assets$43,718
 $(25,611) $18,107
 $43,625
 $(21,355) $22,270

 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
 (in millions)
Customer relationships$22,708
 $(5,552) $17,156
 $9,869
 $(3,600) $6,269
Developed technology14,569
 (2,510) 12,059
 1,536
 (871) 665
Trade names1,268
 (201) 1,067
 318
 (110) 208
Leasehold assets (liabilities)128
 (1) 127
 
 
 
Definite-lived intangible assets38,673
 (8,264) 30,409
 11,723
 (4,581) 7,142
In-process research and development890
 
 890
 
 
 
Indefinite-lived trade names3,754
 
 3,754
 1,435
 
 1,435
Total intangible assets$43,317
 $(8,264) $35,053
 $13,158
 $(4,581) $8,577

In connection with the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $31.2 billion of identifiable intangible assets, which represents the respective fair values as of the transaction date. Of that amount, approximately $1.1 billion related to the ECD was subsequently divested and is therefore excluded from the above table. See Note 3 and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the EMC merger transaction and the ECD divestiture, respectively.


Amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets was approximately $3.7$4.4 billion, $2.0$6.1 billion, and $2.1$7.0 billion duringfor the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017,1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, respectively. During the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016,31, 2020, an impairment charge related to Virtustream intangible assets, net was approximately $266 million, as discussed above. During the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, due to Virtustream business changes, the Virtustream definite-lived intangible assets were tested for impairment using a quantitative analysis, and January 30, 2015, respectively.0 impairment was identified. There were no0 material impairment charges related to intangible assets during the fiscal yearsyear ended February 3, 2017,2, 2018.

Due to the adoption of the new lease standard discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company derecognized all intangible leasehold assets and adjusted the carrying amount of the ROU assets by a corresponding amount as of January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015.31, 2020.


EstimatedThe following table presents the estimated future annual pre-tax amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets as of February 3, 2017 over the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:date indicated:
 January 31, 2020
Fiscal Years(in millions)
20213,431
20222,722
20231,838
20241,464
20251,128
Thereafter3,769
Total$14,352

Fiscal Years (in millions)
2018 $6,826
2019 5,895
2020 4,100
2021 3,204
2022 2,529
Thereafter 7,855
Total $30,409




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NOTE 119WARRANTY LIABILITYDEFERRED REVENUE


Deferred Revenue— Deferred revenue is recorded for support and deployment services, software maintenance, professional services, training, and SaaS when the Company has a right to invoice or payments have been received for undelivered products or services where transfer of control has not occurred. Revenue is recognized on these items when the revenue recognition criteria are met, generally resulting in ratable recognition over the contract term. The Company records a liability for its standard limited warranties atalso has deferred revenue related to undelivered hardware and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized as the time of sale forCompany’s performance obligations under the estimated costs that may be incurred. contract are completed.

The liability for standard warranties is included in accrued and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilitiesfollowing table presents the changes in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Changes in the Company's liabilities for standard limited warranties are presented in the following tableCompany’s deferred revenue for the periods indicated.indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Warranty liability:     
Warranty liability at beginning of period$574
 $679
 $774
Warranty liability assumed through EMC merger transaction125
 
 
Costs accrued for new warranty contracts and changes in estimates for pre-existing warranties (a) (b)852
 754
 860
Service obligations honored(947) (859) (955)
Warranty liability at end of period$604
 $574
 $679
Current portion$405
 $381
 $453
Non-current portion$199
 $193
 $226
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Deferred revenue:   
Deferred revenue at beginning of period$24,010
 $20,816
Revenue deferrals for new contracts and changes in estimates for pre-existing contracts (a)23,315
 20,580
Revenue recognized(19,676) (17,386)
Other (b)151
 
Deferred revenue at end of period$27,800
 $24,010
Short-term deferred revenue$14,881
 $12,944
Long-term deferred revenue$12,919
 $11,066
____________________
(a)Changes in cost estimates related to pre-existing warranties are aggregated with accruals for new standard warranty contracts. The Company's warranty liability process does not differentiate between estimates made for pre-existing warranties and new warranty obligations.
(b)Includes the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
(b)Acquired deferred revenue from Carbon Black, Inc. during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this acquisition.



Remaining Performance Obligations — Remaining performance obligations represent the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations not delivered, or partially undelivered, as of the end of the reporting period. Remaining performance obligations include deferred revenue plus unbilled amounts not yet recorded in deferred revenue. The value of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of January 31, 2020 was approximately $36 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 61% of remaining performance obligations as revenue in the next twelve months, and the remainder thereafter.



The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations does not include amounts owed under cancelable contracts where there is no substantive termination penalty. The Company applied the practical expedient to exclude the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed.

Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidation, adjustments for revenue that have not materialized, and adjustments for currency.




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NOTE 1210 SEVERANCE CHARGES

In connection with the transformation of the Company's business model, the Company incurs costs related to employee severance. The Company records a liability for these costs when it is probable that employees will be entitled to termination benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The liability related to these actions is included in accrued and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and was $416 million and $26 million as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively. In connection with the EMC merger transaction, the Company assumed a liability of $70 million, which represents the fair value of the outstanding obligation of EMC's legacy severance programs. The Company has determined that it will manage the remainder of these programs as part of its ongoing severance actions. Accordingly, the Company has included the liability related to these programs in the table below.

The following table sets forth the activity related to the Company's severance liability for the respective periods:
 Severance Costs
 (in millions)
Balance as of January 31, 2014$433
Severance charges to provision46
Cash paid and other(384)
Balance as of January 30, 201595
Severance charges to provision20
Cash paid and other(89)
Balance as of January 29, 201626
Severance liability assumed through EMC merger transaction70
Severance charges to provision541
Cash paid and other(221)
Balance as of February 3, 2017$416

Severance costs are included in cost of net revenue, selling, general, and administrative expenses, and research and development expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Severance charges:     
Cost of net revenue$122
 $1
 $21
Selling, general, and administrative355
 (1) 20
Research and development64
 20
 5
Total$541
 $20
 $46



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NOTE 13 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES


Lease Commitments— The Company leases property and equipment, manufacturing facilities, and office space under non-cancelable leases. Certain of these leases obligate the Company to pay taxes, maintenance, and repair costs. At February 3, 2017, future minimum lease payments under these non-cancelable leases were as follows: $443 million in Fiscal 2018; $352 million in Fiscal 2019; $267 million in Fiscal 2020; $207 million in Fiscal 2021; $148 million in Fiscal 2022; and $739 million thereafter.

The amount of the future lease commitments after Fiscal 2022 is primarily for the ground leases on VMware's Palo Alto, California headquarter facilities, which expire in Fiscal 2047.

For the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015, rent expense under all leases totaled $279 million, $91 million, and $110 million, respectively.

Purchase Obligations

The Company has contractual obligations to purchase goods or services, which specify significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, purchase obligations were $3,900 million, $298 million, and $154 million for Fiscal 2021, Fiscal 2022, and Fiscal 2023 and thereafter, respectively.

Lease Commitments

The Company leases property and equipment, manufacturing facilities, and office space under non-cancelable leases. As of January 31, 2020, the future maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable leases was as follows: $458 million in Fiscal 2021; $380 million in Fiscal 2022; $292 million in Fiscal 2023; $201 million in Fiscal 2024; $131 million in Fiscal 2025; and $677 million thereafter.

The amount of future lease commitments after Fiscal 2025 is primarily for the ground lease on VMware, Inc.’s Palo Alto, California headquarter facilities, which expires in Fiscal 2047.

As of January 31, 2020, the Company had $2,279 million, $133 million, and $86 million in purchase obligations forhas additional operating leases that have not yet commenced of $681 million. These operating leases will commence during Fiscal 2018, Fiscal 2019, and Fiscal 2020 and thereafter, respectively.2021 with lease terms of one year to 16 years.


Legal Matters —

The Company is involved in various claims, suits, assessments, investigations, and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, including those identified below, consisting of matters involving consumer, antitrust, tax, intellectual property, and other issues on a global basis.

The Company accrues a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that it can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. The Company reviews these accruals at least quarterly and adjusts them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company'sCompany’s views on the probable outcomes of claims, suits, assessments, investigations, or legal proceedings change, changes in the Company'sCompany’s accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such a determination is made. For some matters, the amount of liability is not probable or the amount cannot be reasonably estimated and therefore accruals have not been made.

The following is a discussion of the Company'sCompany’s significant legal matters and other proceedings:



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EMC Merger Litigation — The Company, Dell, and Universal Acquisition Co. ("Universal") were named as defendants in fifteen putative class-action lawsuits brought by purported EMC shareholders and VMware stockholders challenging the proposed merger between the Company, Dell, and Universal on the one hand, and EMC on the other (the "EMC merger"). Those suits are captioned as follows:
CaseCourtFiling Date
1.
IBEW Local No. 129 Benefit Fund v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 1584-3130-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/15/2015
2.
Barrett v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 15-6023-A
Mass. Superior Court, Middlesex County10/16/2015
3.
Graulich v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 1584-3169-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/19/2015
4.
Vassallo v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 1584-3173-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/19/2015
5.
City of Miami Police Relief & Pension Fund v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 1584-3174-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/19/2015
6.
Lasker v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 1584-3214-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/23/2015
7.
Walsh v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 15-13654
U.S. District Court,
District of Massachusetts
10/27/2015
8.
Local Union No. 373 U.A. Pension Plan v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 1584-3253-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/28/2015
9.City of Lakeland Emps.' Pension & Ret. Fund v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 1584-3269-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/28/2015
10.
Ma v. Tucci,
Civ. No. 1584-3281-BLS1
Mass. Superior Court, Suffolk County10/29/2015
11.
Stull v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 15-13692
U.S. District Court,
District of Massachusetts
10/30/2015
12.
Jacobs v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 15-6318-H
Mass. Superior Court, Middlesex County11/12/2015
13.
Ford v. VMware, Inc.,
C.A. No. 11714-VCL
Delaware Chancery Court11/17/2015
14.
Pancake v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 16-10040
U.S. District Court,
District of Massachusetts
1/11/2016
15.
Booth Family Trust v. EMC Corp.,
Civ. No. 16-10114
U.S. District Court,
District of Massachusetts
1/26/2016

The fifteen lawsuits sought, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the EMC merger, rescission of the EMC merger if consummated, an award of fees and costs, and/or an award of damages.
The complaints in the IBEW, Barrett, Graulich, Vassallo, City of Miami, Lasker, Local Union No. 373, City of Lakeland, and Ma actions generally allege that the EMC directors breached their fiduciary duties to EMC shareholders in connection with the EMC merger by, among other things, failing to maximize shareholder value and agreeing to provisions in the EMC merger agreement that discouraged competing bids. After consolidating the nine complaints, by decision dated December 7, 2015, the Business Litigation Session of the Suffolk County Superior Court in Massachusetts dismissed all nine complaints for failure to make a demand on the EMC board of directors. Three of the nine plaintiffs in the consolidated actions appealed the judgment dismissing their complaints. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court granted an application for direct appellate review, and heard oral argument on the appeal on November 7, 2016. On March 6, 2017, the Supreme Judicial Court issued a decision affirming the dismissal. This decision terminates the consolidated actions.
The complaints in the Walsh, Stull, Pancake, and Booth actions allege that the EMC directors breached their fiduciary duties to EMC shareholders in connection with the EMC merger by, among other things, failing to maximize shareholder value and agreeing to provisions in the EMC merger agreement that discouraged competing bids. The complaints generally further allege that the preliminary SEC Form S-4 filed by the Company on December 14, 2015 in


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connection with the transaction contained material misstatements and omissions, in violation of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") and SEC Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder and/or that the Company, Dell, and Universal acted as controlling persons of EMC under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. On June 6, 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission declared effective the Company's registration statement on Form S-4 relating to the EMC merger (the "SEC Form S-4"), including the amendments thereto. On June 17, 2016, the parties to the Walsh, Stull, Pancake, and Booth actions submitted to the Court a Stipulation and Proposed Order Dismissing Action and Retaining Jurisdiction to Determine Plaintiffs' Counsel's Application for an Award of Attorneys' Fees and Reimbursement of Expenses. In the stipulation, the plaintiffs represented to the Court that they believe sufficient information had been disclosed to warrant dismissal of the actions as moot in light of the disclosures in the SEC Form S-4, including the amendments thereto. On October 25, 2016, following an agreement between the parties with respect to attorneys' fees and expenses, the Court entered an order terminating the four actions for all purposes.

The amended complaints in the Jacobs and Ford actions allege that EMC, as the majority stockholder of VMware, Inc. ("VMware"), and the individual defendants, who are directors of EMC, VMware, or both, breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders of VMware in connection with the proposed EMC merger by allegedly entering into or approving a merger that favors the interests of EMC and Dell at the expense of the minority stockholders. The plaintiffs in the Jacobs action also brought suit against the Company, Dell, and Universal as alleged aiders and abettors. Effective December 2, 2016, the parties entered into an agreement to resolve the Jacobs action, pursuant to which the plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the action with prejudice. Under the operative amended complaint in the Ford action, the plaintiffs also brought suit against the Company and Dell for alleged breach of fiduciary duties to VMware and its stockholders, and against the Company, Dell, and Universal for aiding and abetting the alleged breach of fiduciary duties by EMC and VMware's directors. Certain defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint on June 21, 2016. A hearing on those motions was held on February 3, 2017. No trial date has been set in the Ford action, and the outcome is uncertain. An adverse judgment for monetary damages in the Ford matter could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations.

Appraisal Proceedings — Holders of shares of Dell common stock who did not vote on September 12, 2013 in favor of the proposal to adopt the amended going-private transaction agreement and who properly demanded appraisal of their shares and who otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporate Law ("DGCL") are entitled to seek appraisal for, and obtain payment in cash for the judicially determined "fair value" (as defined pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL) of, their shares in lieu of receiving the going-private transaction consideration. Dell initially recorded a liability of $13.75 for each share with respect to which appraisal has been demanded and as to which the demand has not been withdrawn, together with interest at the statutory rate discussed below. As of February 3, 2017, this liability was approximately $129 million, compared to approximately $593 million as of January 29, 2016, as the Company settled, during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, with certain funds affiliated with T. Rowe Price on the approximately 31,653,905 shares held by the funds. Also during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Court of Chancery ruled that the fair value of the appraisal shares as of October 29, 2013, the date on which the going-private transaction became effective, was $17.62 per share. This ruling would entitle the holders of the remaining 5,505,730 shares subject to the appraisal proceedings to $17.62 per share, plus interest at a statutory rate, compounded quarterly. On November 21, 2016, the Court of Chancery entered final judgment in the appraisal action. On November 22, 2016, Dell filed a notice of appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court. That appeal is pending. The Company believes it was adequately reserved for the appraisal proceedings as of February 3, 2017.

Securities Litigation — On May 22,21, 2014, a securities class action seeking compensatory damages was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned the City of Pontiac EmployeeGeneral Employees’ RetirementSystem vs.v. Dell Inc., et. al. (Case No. 1:14-cv-03644). The action names as defendants Dell Inc. (“Dell”) and certain current and former executive officers, and alleges that Dell made false and misleading statements about Dell's business operationsDell’s financial results and productsfuture prospects between February 22,21, 2012 and May 22, 2012, which resulted in artificially inflated stock prices. The case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas under the same caption (Case No. 1:15-cv-00374), where the defendants filed a motion to dismiss. On September 16, 2016, the Court denied the motion to dismissdismiss. On March 29, 2018, the Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification, and certified a class consisting of all purchasers of Dell common stock between February 22, 2012 and May 22, 2012. The parties subsequently agreed to an immaterial settlement amount, and notice of the casesettlement was mailed to stockholders in October 2019. The Count approved the settlement on January 10, 2020 and payments are currently being made thereunder. The matter is proceeding with discovery. The defendants believe the claims asserted are without merit and the risk of material loss is remote.now closed.






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Class Actions Related to the Class V Transaction — NaN purported stockholders brought putative class action complaints arising out of the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The actions were captioned Hallandale Beach Police and Fire Retirement Plan v. Michael Dell et al. (Civil Action No. 2018-0816-JTL), Howard Karp v. Michael Dell et al. (Civil Action No. 2019-0032-JTL), Miramar Police Officers’ Retirement Plan v. Michael Dell et al. (Civil Action No. 2019-0049-JTL), and Steamfitters Local 449 Pension Plan v. Michael Dell et al. (Civil Action No. 2019-0115-JTL). The four actions were consolidated into In Re Dell Class V Litigation (Consol. C.A. No. 2018-0816-JTL), which names as defendants the Company’s board of directors and certain stockholders of the Company, including Michael S. Dell. The plaintiffs generally allege that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the former holders of Class V Common Stock in connection with the Class V transaction by allegedly causing the Company to enter into a transaction that favored the interests of the controlling stockholders at the expense of such former stockholders. The plaintiffs filed an amended complaint in August 2019 making substantially similar allegations to those described above. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the action in September 2019. The plaintiffs replied to the motion to dismiss in November 2019, and the defendants filed a reply in December 2019. A hearing on the motion to dismiss was held on March 13, 2020, and we expect a decision within ninety days.

Patent Litigation — On April 25, 2019, Cirba Inc. (“Cirba”) filed a lawsuit against VMware, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging 2 patent infringement claims and 3 trademark infringement-related claims.  On May 6, 2019, Cirba filed a motion seeking a preliminary injunction tied to one of the two patents it alleges VMware, Inc. infringes.  Following a hearing on August 6, 2019, the Court denied Cirba’s preliminary injunction motion and set the case for trial in mid-January 2020. On August 20, 2019, VMware, Inc. filed counterclaims against Cirba, asserting among other claims that Cirba is infringing four VMware, Inc. patents.  The Delaware Court severed those claims from the January 2020 trial on Cirba’s claims, and the trial on VMware, Inc.’s patent claims is currently set for September 2021. On October 22, 2019, VMware, Inc. filed a separate patent infringement lawsuit against Cirba in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, asserting that Cirba infringes 4 additional VMware, Inc. patents. The trial on Cirba’s claims in Delaware was completed on January 23, 2020, and on January 24, 2020, the jury returned a verdict finding that VMware, Inc. willfully infringed the two asserted patents and awarding approximately $237 million in damages. The jury further found that VMware, Inc. was not liable on Cirba’s trademark infringement-related claims. A total of $237 million has been accrued for the Delaware action and reflects the estimated losses that are considered both probable and reasonably estimable at this time. The parties will now move to the post-trial briefing stage in the Delaware Court. VMware, Inc. intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter, including seeking to overturn the jury’s verdict in the first Delaware trial during the post-trial briefing stage and, if necessary, on appeal. Cirba has expressed its intent to seek a permanent injunction, enhanced damages, and attorneys’ fees in the Delaware action. As noted above, VMware, Inc. intends to pursue arguments both in the Delaware Court and, if necessary, the Federal Circuit to overturn the jury’s verdict. Final resolution of this matter could be materially different from the amount accrued. The amount accrued for this matter is included in Accrued and other on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the charge is classified in Selling, general and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Copyright Levies— The Company'sCompany is involved in various proceedings and negotiations regarding Dell’s obligation to collect and remit copyright levies in certain European Union ("EU") countries may be affected by the resolution of legal proceedings pending in Germany against various companies, including Dell's German subsidiary, and elsewhere in the EU against other companies in Dell's industry. The plaintiffs in those proceedings, some of which are described below, generallythat seek to impose or modify the levies with respect to sales of such equipmenton computing products (such as multifunctionPCs, multi-function devices, phones, personal computers, and printers,external storage devices) alleging that suchthose products enable the copyingproduction of private copies of copyrighted materials. Some of the proceedings also challenge whether the levy schemes in those countries comply with EU law. Certain EU member countries that do not yet imposeThe levies on digital devices are expected to implement legislation to enable them to extend existing levy schemes, while some other EU member countries are expected to limit the scope of levy schemes and their applicability in the digital hardware environment. Dell, other companies, and various industry associations have opposed the extension of levies to the digital environment and have advocated alternative models of compensation to rights holders. The Company continues to collect levies in certain EU countries where it has determined that based on local laws it is probable that it has a payment obligation. The amount of levies is generally based onupon the number of products sold and the per-product amounts of the levies, which vary. The Company accrues a liability whencontinues to collect levies in European countries where it has determined that local laws require payment. The Company, along with other companies and various industry associations, also continues to oppose levy schemes that it believes that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and when it can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss.

On December 29, 2005, Zentralstelle für private Überspielungsrechte ("ZPÜ"), a joint association of various German collecting societies, instituted arbitration proceedings against Dell's German subsidiary before the Board of Arbitration at the German Patent and Trademark Office in Munich, and subsequently filed a lawsuit in the German Regional Court in Munich on February 21, 2008, seeking levies to be paid on each personal computer sold by Dell in Germany through the end of calendar year 2007. On December 23, 2009, ZPÜ and the German industry association, BCH, reached a settlement regarding audio-video copyright levy litigation (with levies ranging from €3.15 to €13.65 per unit). Dell joined this settlement on February 23, 2010, and has paid the amounts due under the settlement. On March 25, 2014, ZPÜ and Dell reached a settlement for levies to be paid on each personal computer sold for the period of January 2, 2011 through December 31, 2016. The amount of the settlement isdo not material to the Company. The amount of any levies payable after calendar year 2016, as well as the Company's ability to recover such amounts through increased prices, remains uncertain.

German courts are also considering a lawsuit originally filed in July 2004 by VG Wort, a German collecting society representing certain copyright holders, against Hewlett-Packard Company in the Stuttgart Civil Court seeking levies on printers, and a lawsuit originally filed in September 2003 by the same plaintiff against Fujitsu Siemens Computer GmbH in Munich Civil Court in Munich, Germany seeking levies on personal computers. In each case, the civil and appellate courts held that the subject classes of equipment were subject to levies. In July 2011, the German Federal Supreme Court, to which the lower court holdings have been appealed, referred each case to the Court of Justice ofcomply with the European Union submitting a numbercontrolling law and continues to oppose extension of legal questionslevies to the digital environment. In some European countries, the Company expects that levies will be extended to other products or that new, higher levies will be implemented. In other European countries, levies could become more limited, especially if arguments related to commercial users of devices or the industry’s opposition to levies in the digital environment are successful. Based on the interpretationsales of products impacted by levies and its assessment of the European Copyright Directive whichmerits of proceedings and negotiations, the German Federal Supreme Court deems necessary for its decision. In August 2014, the German Supreme Court delivered an opinion ruling that printers and personal computers are subject to levies, and referred the case back to the Court of Appeals. Dell joined the industry settlement in the Fujitsu Siemens case, and DellCompany believes it has no remaining material obligations in either case. accrued sufficient amounts to address current disputes.


Proceedings seeking to impose or modify copyright levies for sales

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Table of digital devices also have been instituted in courts in other EU member states. Even in countries where Dell is not a party to such proceedings, decisions in those cases could impact Dell's business and the amount of copyright levies Dell may be required to collect.Contents


The ultimate resolution of these proceedings and the associated financial impact to the Company, if any, including the number of units potentially affected, the amount of levies imposed, and the ability of the Company to recover such amounts, remain uncertain at this time. Should the courts determine there is liability for previous units shipped beyond the amount of levies the Company has collected or accrued, the Company would be liable for such incremental amounts. Recovery of any such amounts from others by the Company would be possible only on future collections related to future shipments.

Other Litigation — The various legal proceedings in which Dell is involved include commercial litigation and a variety of patent suits. In some of these cases, Dell is the sole defendant. More often, particularly in the patent suits, Dell is one of a number of defendants in the electronics and technology industries. Dell is actively defending a number of patent infringement suits, and several pending claims are in various stages of evaluation. While the number


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of patent cases varies over time,intellectual property litigation. Dell does not currently anticipate that any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.


As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the Company does not believe there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss exceeding the amounts already accrued for these or other proceedings or matters has been incurred. However, since the ultimate resolution of any such proceedings and matters is inherently unpredictable, the Company'sCompany’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially affected in any particular period by unfavorable outcomes in one or more of these proceedings or matters. Whether the outcome of any claim, suit, assessment, investigation, or legal proceeding, individually or collectively, could have a material adverse effect on the Company'sCompany’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including the nature, timing, and amount of any associated expenses, amounts paid in settlement, damages, or other remedies or consequences.


Indemnifications —

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it may agree to indemnify the third party to such arrangements from any losses incurred relating to the services it performs on behalf of the Company or for losses arising from certain events as defined in the particular contract, such as litigation or claims relating to past performance. Such indemnification obligations may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, payments related to these indemnifications have not been material to the Company.


In connection with the divestitures discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has indemnified the purchasers of businesses for the occurrence of specified events. The Company does not currently believe that contingent obligations to provide indemnification in connection with these divestitures will have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Certain Concentrations

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents, derivatives, and certain other financial instruments with various financial institutions that potentially subject it to concentration of credit risk. As part of its risk management processes, the Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. The Company has not sustained material credit losses from instruments held at these financial institutions. Further, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of the counterparties.


The Company markets and sells its products and services to large corporate clients, governments, and health care and education accounts, as well as to small and medium-sized businesses and individuals. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated net revenue during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, or January 30, 2015.February 2, 2018.


The Company utilizes a limited number of contract manufacturers whothat assemble a portion of its products. The Company may purchase components from suppliers and sell those components to thesuch contract manufacturers, thereby creating receivablereceivables balances from the contract manufacturers. The agreements with the majority of the contract manufacturers allowpermit the Company a legal right to offset its payables against these receivables, thus mitigating the credit risk wholly or in part. Receivables from the Company’s four largest contract manufacturers represented the majority of the Company’s gross non-trade receivables of $2.7$3.2 billion and $2.6$3.7 billion as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, respectively, of which $2.2$2.6 billion and $2.3$3.2 billion as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,1, 2019, respectively, have been offset against the corresponding payables. The portion of receivables not offset against payables is included in other current assets in the Consolidated StatementStatements of Financial Position. The Company does not reflect the sale of the components in revenue and does not recognize any profit on the component sales until the related products are sold.






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NOTE 1411 — INCOME AND OTHER TAXES


The Company'sfollowing table presents components of the income tax benefit recognized for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Current:     
Federal$(150) $461
 $52
State/local69
 74
 111
Foreign887
 616
 599
Current806
 1,151
 762
Deferred:     
Federal(862) (1,150) (2,368)
State/local(150) (85) (139)
Foreign(5,327) (96) (98)
Deferred(6,339) (1,331) (2,605)
Income tax benefit$(5,533) $(180) $(1,843)


The Company’s provision for income taxes for the fiscal periods reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements are not directly comparable primarily due to purchasethe intra-entity asset transfers of certain of its intellectual property completed in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 and the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“U.S. Tax Reform”) during the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company completed two intra-entity asset transfers of certain of its intellectual property (the “IP”) to Irish subsidiaries, resulting in discrete tax benefits of $4.9 billion. The tax benefit for each intra-entity asset transfer was recorded as a deferred tax asset in the period of transaction and represents the book and tax basis difference on the transferred assets measured based on the IP’s current fair value and applicable Irish statutory tax rate. The Company applied significant judgment when determining the fair value of the IP, which serves as the tax basis of the deferred tax asset, and in evaluating the associated tax laws in the applicable jurisdictions. The tax deductions for amortization of the assets will be recognized in the future, and any amortization not deducted for tax purposes will be carried forward indefinitely under Irish tax laws. The Company expects to be able to realize the deferred tax assets resulting from these intra-entity asset transfers.

U.S. Tax Reform was signed into law on December 22, 2017.  Among other things, U.S. Tax Reform lowers the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35%, establishes a modified territorial system requiring a mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries (the “Transition Tax”), requires a minimum tax on certain future earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries while providing for future tax-free repatriation of earnings through a 100% dividends-received deduction, and places limitations on the deductibility of net interest expense. In December 2019, the U.S. Department of the Treasury released final and newly proposed regulations related to foreign tax credits and the base erosion anti-abuse tax, the impact of which was not material. The Company anticipates that the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will continue to issue regulatory guidance clarifying certain provisions of U.S. Tax Reform.  When additional guidance is issued, the Company will recognize the related tax impact of implementation of the guidance in the fiscal quarter of such issuance. For the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018, the Company recognized a provisional tax benefit of $0.5 billion under the SEC staff’s Accounting Bulletin No. 118. The provisional tax benefit was primarily attributable to a $1.5 billion tax benefit related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, offset by $1.0 billion of current and future income tax expenses related to the Transition Tax.  The Company completed its accounting adjustments, interest charges,for the income tax effects of U.S. Tax Reform during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019 and determined that the adjustment to the provisional estimate was not material. These impacts are included in the U.S. Tax Reform in the Company’s effective tax rate reconciliation.


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The following table presents components of income (loss) before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Domestic$(3,067) $(4,645) $(5,995)
Foreign3,063
 2,284
 1,226
Loss before income taxes$(4) $(2,361) $(4,769)


The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s income tax benefit to the statutory U.S. federal tax rate for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
U.S. federal statutory rate21.0
 21.0
 33.7
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit1194.6
 0.5
 2.9
Tax impact of foreign operations(2741.3) (19.5) (11.0)
Impact of intangible property transfers123367.9
 
 
Change in valuation allowance1030.6
 (6.6) (1.8)
Indirect tax effects of adoption of new revenue standard
 6.5
 
U.S. Tax Reform
 1.5
 11.6
U.S. tax audit settlement7615.7
 
 
Non-deductible transaction-related costs(700.0) (1.9) 
Stock-based compensation5873.2
 4.1
 1.6
U.S. R&D tax credits4424.9
 6.9
 2.6
Other(1761.6) (4.9) (1.0)
Total138325.0 % 7.6 % 38.6 %

The change in the Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 as compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019 was primarily driven by discrete tax items and a change in the Company’s jurisdictional mix of income. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company had $5.5 billion in tax benefits on a loss before income taxes of $4 million. The change in the Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019 as compared to the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018 was primarily attributable to impacts of U.S. Tax Reform.
The Company’s effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 includes $4.9 billion of discrete tax benefits related to the intra-entity asset transfers described above, $351 million of discrete tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, $305 million of discrete tax benefits related to an audit settlement, and $95 million of discrete tax benefits relating to Virtustream impairment charges incurred as a result of the EMC merger transaction.  For more information regarding the EMC merger transaction, seediscussed in Note 38 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.Statements and included in Other in the table above. For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the Company’s effective tax rate included $154 million of discrete tax benefits resulting from the impact of its adoption of the new revenue recognition standard.


The provision (benefit) fordifferences between the estimated effective income taxestax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% principally result from continuing operations consistedthe Company’s geographical distribution of income and differences between the book and tax treatment of certain items. In certain jurisdictions, the Company’s tax rate is significantly less than the applicable statutory rate as a result of tax holidays. The majority of the following forCompany’s foreign income that is subject to these tax holidays and lower tax rates is attributable to Singapore, China, and Malaysia. A significant portion of these income tax benefits relate to a tax holiday that will be effective until January 31, 2029.  The Company’s other tax holidays will expire in whole or in part during fiscal years 2022 through 2030. Many of these tax holidays and reduced tax rates may be extended when certain conditions are met or may be terminated early if certain conditions are not met. As of January 31, 2020, the respective periods:Company was not aware of any matters of noncompliance related to these tax holidays. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, the income


 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Current:     
Federal$(139) $(174) $56
State/local46
 (2) (4)
Foreign322
 228
 184
Current229
 52
 236
Deferred:     
Federal(1,676) (119) (298)
State/local(120) (15) (19)
Foreign(52) (36) (26)
Deferred(1,848) (170) (343)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$(1,619) $(118) $(107)
144

The Company's income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following for the respective periods:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Domestic$(7,173) $(3,498) $(3,135)
Foreign1,817
 2,212
 1,920
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes$(5,356) $(1,286) $(1,215)



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tax benefits attributable to the tax status of the affected subsidiaries were estimated to be approximately $444 million ($0.59 per share of Dell Technologies Common Stock), $313 million ($0.54 per share of DHI Group Common Stock), and $238 million ($0.42 per share of DHI Group Common Stock), respectively. These income tax benefits are included in tax impact of foreign operations in the table above.  

Prior to U.S. Tax Reform, the Company had not provided deferred taxes on undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as it was the Company’s intention for these basis differences to remain indefinitely reinvested. U.S. Tax Reform fundamentally changes the U.S. approach to taxation of foreign earnings to a partial territorial tax system, which generally allows companies to make distributions of non-U.S. earnings to the United States without incurring additional U.S. tax.  Additionally, as a result of the U.S. Tax Reform measures described above, the Company believes a significant portion of the Company’s undistributed earnings as of January 31, 2020 will not be subject to further U.S. federal taxation.  As of January 31, 2020, the Company has undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of approximately $34.1 billion that remain indefinitely reinvested, and as such has not recognized a deferred tax liability. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these undistributed earnings is not practicable.

The following table presents the components of the Company'sCompany’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Deferred tax assets:   
Deferred revenue and warranty provisions$1,672
 $1,267
Provisions for product returns and doubtful accounts107
 117
Credit carryforwards1,951
 1,927
Loss carryforwards580
 466
Operating and compensation related accruals744
 683
Operating leases239
 
Intangible assets2,420
 
Other205
 193
Deferred tax assets7,918
 4,653
Valuation allowance(1,687) (1,704)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance6,231
 2,949
Deferred tax liabilities:   
Leasing and financing(369) (356)
Operating leases(210) 
Property and equipment(509) (547)
Acquired intangibles
 (3,254)
Other(205) (242)
Deferred tax liabilities(1,293) (4,399)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)$4,938
 $(1,450)




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 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Deferred tax assets:   
Deferred revenue and warranty provisions$1,955
 $814
Provisions for product returns and doubtful accounts131
 130
Credit carryforwards511
 176
Loss carryforwards372
 744
Operating and compensation related accruals765
 269
Other262
 149
Deferred tax assets3,996
 2,282
Valuation allowance(737) (816)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance3,259
 1,466
Deferred tax liabilities:   
Leasing and financing(109) (125)
Property and equipment(743) (169)
Acquired intangibles(7,281) (1,568)
Other(38) (237)
Deferred tax liabilities(8,171) (2,099)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)$(4,912) $(633)


The following tables below summarizepresent the net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other deferred tax assets with related valuation allowances recognized as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016.the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020  
 Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance Net Deferred Tax Assets First Year Expiring
 (in millions)  
Credit carryforwards$1,951
 $(1,257) $694
 Fiscal 2021
Loss carryforwards580
 (348) 232
 Fiscal 2021
Other deferred tax assets5,387
 (82) 5,305
 NA
Total$7,918
 $(1,687) $6,231
  
        
 February 1, 2019  
 Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance Net Deferred Tax Assets First Year Expiring
 (in millions)  
Credit carryforwards$1,927
 $(1,152) $775
 Fiscal 2020
Loss carryforwards466
 (403) 63
 Fiscal 2020
Other deferred tax assets2,260
 (149) 2,111
 NA
Total$4,653
 $(1,704) $2,949
  

 February 3, 2017
 Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance Net Deferred Tax Assets First Year Expiring
 (in millions)
Credit carryforwards$511
 $(406) $105
 Fiscal 2018
Loss carryforwards372
 (205) 167
 Fiscal 2018
Other deferred tax assets3,113
 (126) 2,987
 NA
Total$3,996
 $(737) $3,259
  
        
 January 29, 2016
 Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance Net Deferred Tax Assets First Year Expiring
 (in millions)
Credit carryforwards$176
 $(59) $117
 Fiscal 2017
Loss carryforwards744
 (614) 130
 Fiscal 2017
Other deferred tax assets1,362
 (143) 1,219
 NA
Total$2,282
 $(816) $1,466
  


The Company had deferred tax assets related to federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $132 million, $62 million, and $178 million, respectively, as of February 3, 2017, and $97 million, $49 million, and $598 million, respectively, as of January 29, 2016. The decrease in foreign net operating loss carryforwards is due to the reversal of a foreign exchange loss for tax purposes only, recorded for the year ended January 29, 2016 in a jurisdiction subject to a full valuation allowance, and as


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a result it is not reflected in the U.S. GAAP rate reconciliation below. The Company'sCompany’s credit carryforwards as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 20161, 2019 relate primarily to U.S. tax credits.credits, including foreign tax credits associated with U.S. Tax Reform that will expire in Fiscal 2028. The Company assessed the realizability of these U.S. tax credits based on currently enacted and proposed regulations issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS and recorded a valuation allowance of $634 million against these assets for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, which is included with other impacts of U.S. Tax Reform in the Company’s effective tax rate reconciliation. The change in the valuation allowance against these credits is included in Change in valuation allowance in the Company’s effective tax reconciliation for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. The Company’s loss carryforwards as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019 include net operating loss carryforwards from federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions. The valuation allowances for other deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 20161, 2019 are primarily related to foreign jurisdictions.jurisdictions, the changes in which are included in Tax impact of foreign operations in the Company’s effective tax reconciliation. The Company has determined that it will be able to realize the remainder of its deferred tax assets, based on the future reversal of deferred tax liabilities.


In connection with the EMC merger transaction, the Company acquired $6.5 billion of net deferred tax liabilities, which are included in other non-current assets and other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company has not provided deferred taxes on undistributed earnings and other basis differences of its foreign subsidiaries as it is the Company's intention for these to remain permanently reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable. The basis differences in the amount of approximately $79.2 billion as of February 3, 2017 arose primarily from undistributed book earnings, which the Company intends to reinvest indefinitely, and purchase accounting adjustments. The basis differences could be reversed throughfollowing table presents a sale of the subsidiaries or the receipt of dividends from the subsidiaries, as well as various other events.

A portion of the Company's operations is subject to a reduced tax rate or is free of tax under various tax holidays. For the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015, the income tax benefits attributable to the tax status of these subsidiaries were estimated to be approximately $369 million ($0.79 per share of DHI Group Common Stock), $205 million ($0.51 per share), and $218 million ($0.54 per share), respectively. These income tax benefits are included in tax impact of foreign operations in the table below.  Although a significant portion of these income tax benefits relate to a tax holiday that expired during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company has negotiated new terms for the affected subsidiary. These new terms provide for a reduced income tax rate and will be effective for a two-year bridge period expiring in January 2019. The Company's other tax holidays will expire in whole or in part during Fiscal 2019 through Fiscal 2023. Many of these tax holidays and reduced tax rates may be extended when certain conditions are met or may be terminated early if certain conditions are not met.

A reconciliation of the Company's income tax benefit from continuing operations to the statutory U.S. federal tax rate is as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
U.S. federal statutory rate35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit2.7
 1.9
 2.5
Tax impact of foreign operations(4.9) (33.4) (25.5)
Change in valuation allowance impacting tax rate and non-deductible operating losses(1.1) 4.2
 (7.9)
IRS tax audit settlement5.5
 
 
Vendor and other settlements0.5
 2.5
 3.1
Non-deductible transaction-related costs(2.1) (0.6) 
Other(5.4) (0.4) 1.6
Total30.2 % 9.2 % 8.8 %




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A reconciliation of the Company'sCompany’s beginning and ending amountbalances of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Beginning Balance$2,989
 $2,867
 $2,752
Increases related to tax positions of the current year145
 116
 155
Increases related to tax position of prior years332
 288
 98
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(490) (170) (90)
Lapse of statute of limitations(127) (90) (34)
Audit settlements(402) (22) (14)
Ending Balance$2,447
 $2,989
 $2,867




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 Total
 (in millions)
Balance as of January 31, 2014$2,463
Increases related to tax positions of the current year142
Increases related to tax position of prior years14
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(80)
Lapse of statute of limitations(34)
Audit settlements(50)
Balance as of January 30, 20152,455
Increases related to tax positions of the current year70
Increases related to tax position of prior years52
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(61)
Lapse of statute of limitations(24)
Audit settlements(13)
Balance as of January 29, 20162,479
Unrecognized tax benefits assumed through EMC merger transaction558
Increases related to tax positions of the current year116
Increases related to tax position of prior years227
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(379)
Lapse of statute of limitations(30)
Audit settlements(219)
Balance as of February 3, 2017$2,752


During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company acquired $558 million of unrecognized tax benefits as a part of the EMC merger transaction. The Company'sCompany’s net unrecognized tax benefits were $3.1$2.5 billion, $3.4 billion, and $3.2 billion as of January 31, 2020, February 3, 20171, 2019, and January 29, 2016,February 2, 2018, respectively, and are included in accrued and other and other non-current liabilities inin the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.Position.

The unrecognized tax benefits in the table above include $2.3$2.0 billion, $2.4 billion, and $2.1$2.2 billion as of January 31, 2020, February 3, 20171, 2019, and January 29, 2016,February 2, 2018, respectively, that, if recognized, would have impacted income tax expense, and doexpense. The table does not include accrued interest and penalties of $737$0.8 billion, $1.0 billion, and $0.9 billion as of January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, respectively. Tax benefits associated with interest and state tax deductions and other indirect jurisdictional effects of uncertain tax positions were $629 million, $611 million, and $950$537 million as of January 31, 2020, February 3, 20171, 2019, and January 29, 2016, respectively. These interest and penalties are offset by tax benefits primarily from interest deductions which are not included in the table above. As of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, respectively, these benefits were $286 million and $372 million,2, 2018, respectively. Interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities are included in income tax expense. The Company recorded interest and penalties of $94$174 million, $63$127 million, and $35$184 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015,February 2, 2018, respectively.

Judgment is required in evaluating the Company's uncertain tax positions and determining the Company's provision for income taxes. The Company does not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.


During the third quarter of the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company effectively settled the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit for fiscal years 2004 through 2006. As a result, during Fiscal 2017,January 31, 2020, the Company made a cash payment of $537$438 million and recorded a net income tax benefitin settlement of $297 million.  The net income tax benefit had an impact of 5.5% on the effective tax rate.

The Company's U.S. federal income tax returnsIRS audit for fiscal years 2007 through 2009 are currently under examination by2009.  In December 2019, the IRS, which issuedCompany received a Revenue Agent'sAgent’s Report ("RAR"(“RAR”) related to thosefor the IRS’s examination of fiscal years during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017.2010 through 2014.  The IRS has proposed adjustments primarily relating to transfer pricing matters with which the Company disagrees with certain of the proposed assessments and will contestis contesting them through the IRS administrative appeals procedures.  Prior toAlthough this process has been progressing and the EMC merger transaction, EMC received an RAR fortiming of any resolution remains uncertain, the Company anticipates reaching a settlement with the IRS in the first half of Fiscal 2021. The IRS has started its tax


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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



fiscal years 2009 and 2010.2015 through 2019. The Company also disagrees with certain proposed adjustments in this RARbelieves it has valid positions supporting its tax returns and that it is currently contesting the proposed adjustments through the IRS administrative appeals process.adequately reserved.


The Company is also currently under income tax audits in various U.S. state and foreign taxing jurisdictions.  The Company is undergoing negotiations, and in some cases contested proceedings, relating to tax matters with the taxing authorities in these jurisdictions.  The Company believes that it has provided adequate reserves related to all matters contained in tax periods open to examination.  Although the Company believes it has made adequate provisions for the uncertainties surrounding these audits, should the Company experience unfavorable outcomes, such outcomes could have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.  With respect to major U.S. state and foreign taxing jurisdictions, the Company is generally not subject to tax examinations for years prior to the fiscal year 2000.ended January 29, 2010.


Judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. Although timing of resolution or closure of uncertain tax positions is not certain, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that certain tax matters in various jurisdictions, including those matters discussed above, could be concluded within the next twelve months. The resolution of these matters could reduce the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits by an estimated amount of between $550 million to $850 million. Such a reduction will have a material effect on the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company takes certain non-income tax positions in the jurisdictions in which it operates and has received certain non-income tax assessments from various jurisdictions. The Company believes that a material loss in these matters is not probable and that it is not reasonably possible that a material loss exceeding amounts already accrued has been incurred.  The Company believes its positions in these non-income tax litigation matters are supportable and that it ultimately will prevail.prevail in the matters. In the normal course of business, the Company'sCompany’s positions and conclusions related to its non-income taxes could be challenged and assessments may be made. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company'sCompany’s views on its positions, probable outcomes of assessments, or litigation change, changes in estimates to the Company'sCompany’s accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such a determination is made. In the resolution process for income tax and non-income tax audits, the Company may beis required in certain situations to provide collateral guarantees or indemnification to regulators and tax authorities until the matter is resolved.





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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 1512ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSINCOME (LOSS)


Accumulated other comprehensive lossincome (loss) is presented in stockholders'stockholders’ equity (deficit) in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and consists of amounts related to foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized net gains (losses) on investments, unrealized net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, and actuarial net gains (losses) from pension and other postretirement plans.


The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss,income (loss), net of tax, by the following components foras of the periodsdates indicated:
 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Investments Cash Flow Hedges Pension and Other Postretirement Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 (in millions)
Balances as of February 3, 2017$(612) $(13) $11
 $19
 $(595)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications791
 31
 (248) 13
 587
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 2
 134
 
 136
Total change for the period791
 33
 (114) 13
 723
Less: Change in comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 (2) 
 
 (2)
Balances as of February 2, 2018179
 22
 (103) 32
 130
Adjustment for adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)
 (61) 
 3
 (58)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(631) 2
 299
 (21) (351)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 43
 (225) 
 (182)
Total change for the period(631) (16) 74
 (18) (591)
Less: Change in comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
 6
 
 
 6
Balances as of February 1, 2019(452) 
 (29) 14
 (467)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(226) 
 269
 (60) (17)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 (226) 1
 (225)
Total change for the period(226) 
 43
 (59) (242)
Less: Change in comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
Balances as of January 31, 2020$(678) $
 $14
 $(45) $(709)

 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Investments Cash Flow Hedges Pension and Other Postretirement Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 (in millions)
Balances as of January 30, 2015$(220) $
 $249
 $
 $29
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(138) 
 152
 
 14
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
 (367) 
 (367)
Total change for the period(138) 
 (215) 
 (353)
Balances as of January 29, 2016(358) 
 34
 
 (324)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(254) (17) 20
 19
 (232)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 1
 (43) 
 (42)
Total change for the period(254) (16) (23) 19
 (274)
Less: Change in comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 (3) 
 
 (3)
Balances as of February 3, 2017$(612) $(13) $11
 $19
 $(595)


Amounts related to investments are reclassified to net income (loss) when gains and losses are realized. See Note 5 and Note 63 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the Company'sCompany’s investments. Amounts related to the Company'sCompany’s cash flow hedges are reclassified to net income during the same period in which the items being hedged are recognized in earnings. In addition, any hedge ineffectiveness related to cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. See Note 97 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the Company'sCompany’s derivative instruments.



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The following tabletables presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss,income (loss), net of tax, to net income (loss) for the periods presented:indicated:

Fiscal Year Ended
Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended

February 3, 2017
January 29, 2016January 31, 2020

Investments
Cash Flow Hedges
Total
Investments
Cash Flow Hedges
TotalInvestments Cash Flow Hedges Pensions Total

(in millions)(in millions)
Total reclassifications, net of tax:










       
Net revenue$

$57

$57

$

$328

$328
$
 $226
 $
 $226
Cost of net revenue

(13)
(13)


40

40
Operating expenses
 
 (1) (1)
Interest and other, net(1)
(1)
(2)


(1)
(1)
 
 
 
Total reclassifications, net of tax$(1)
$43

$42

$

$367

$367
$
 $226
 $(1) $225




 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 1, 2019
 Investments Cash Flow Hedges Pensions Total
 (in millions)
Total reclassifications, net of tax:       
Net revenue$
 $225
 $
 $225
Operating expenses
 
 
 
Interest and other, net(43) 
 
 (43)
Total reclassifications, net of tax$(43) $225
 $
 $182

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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 1613NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS


SecureWorksVMware, Inc. On April 27, 2016, SecureWorks completed a registered underwritten IPO of its Class A common stock. The non-controlling interests'interests’ share of equity in SecureWorksVMware, Inc. is reflected as a component of the non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and was $4.6 billion and $3.8 billion as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, the Company held approximately 80.9% and 80.5%, respectively, of the outstanding equity interest in VMware, Inc. Restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) of VMware, Inc. were not included in the determination of these ownership interest percentages, as VMware, Inc. had no RSAs outstanding as of January 31, 2020 or February 1, 2019.

Pivotal — As a result of VMware, Inc.’s acquisition of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal from Pivotal’s public shareholders on December 30, 2019, the non-controlling interests’ share of equity in Pivotal is only reflected as a component of the non-controlling interest through December 30, 2019. Pivotal’s Class A common stock ceased to be listed and traded on the NYSE as of the acquisition date, and Dell Technologies did not have a non-controlling interest in Pivotal as of January 31, 2020. For more information regarding VMware Inc.’s acquisition of Pivotal, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of February 1, 2019, the non-controlling interests’ share of equity in Pivotal was reflected as a component of the non-controlling interest in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and was $86 million as of February 3, 2017. As of February 3, 2017, Dell Technologies$983 million. The Company held approximately 87.5%62.8% of the outstanding equity interest in SecureWorks.Pivotal as of February 1, 2019.


The following non-controlling interests were assumed on September 7, 2016 in connection with the EMC merger transaction:

VMwareSecureworks — The non-controlling interests'interests’ share of equity in VMwareSecureworks is reflected as a component of the non-controlling interests in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and was $5.2 billion$88 million and $87 million as of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017.1, 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017,1, 2019, the Company held approximately 82.5%86.8% and 87.4%, respectively, of the outstanding equity interest in VMware.

Pivotal — A portion of the non-controlling interest in Pivotal is held by third parties in the form of a preferred equity instrument. Consequently, there is no net income attributable to such interest in Pivotal in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Additionally, due to the terms of the preferred equity instrument, the non-controlling interests in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position are generally not impacted by Pivotal's equity-related activity. The preferred equity instrument is convertible into common shares at the non-controlling owner's election at any time.

The portion of the results of operations of Pivotal allocable to its other owners, whose interest is held in the form of common stock, is reflected as an adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The non-controlling interests' share of equity in Pivotal is reflected as a component of the non-controlling interests in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and was $472 million as of February 3, 2017.Secureworks, excluding RSAs. As of January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017,1, 2019, the Company held approximately 77.8%86.2% and 86.4%, respectively, of the outstanding equity interest in Pivotal.Secureworks, including RSAs.


The effect of changes in the Company'sCompany’s ownership interest in SecureWorks, VMware, Inc., Pivotal, and PivotalSecureworks on the Company'sCompany’s equity was as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Net income attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,616
Transfers (to)/from the non-controlling interests: 
Increase in Dell Technologies Inc. additional paid-in-capital for equity issuances and other equity activity1,997
Decrease in Dell Technologies Inc. additional paid-in-capital and accumulated deficit for equity issuances and other equity activity(3,318)
Net transfers to non-controlling interests(1,321)
Change from net income attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. and transfers to the non-controlling interests$3,295

 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017
 (in millions)
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,672)
Transfers (to) from the non-controlling interests: 
Increase in Dell Technologies' additional paid-in-capital for equity issuances269
Decrease in Dell Technologies' additional paid-in-capital for equity issuances and other equity activity(251)
Net transfers from non-controlling interests18
Change from net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. and transfers to/from the non-controlling interests$(1,654)






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NOTE 14 — CAPITALIZATION

The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated:
 Authorized Issued Outstanding
 (in millions)
Common stock as of February 1, 2019
Class A600
 410
 410
Class B200
 137
 137
Class C7,900
 174
 172
Class D100
 
 
Class V343
 
 
 9,143
 721
 719
      
Common stock as of January 31, 2020
Class A600
 385
 385
Class B200
 102
 102
Class C7,900
 258
 256
Class D100
 
 
Class V343
 
 
 9,143
 745
 743


Under the Company’s certificate of incorporation as amended and restated upon the completion of the Class V transaction described below, the Company is prohibited from issuing any of the authorized shares of Class V Common Stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1000000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, 0 shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

Common Stock for Fiscal 2020 and Thereafter

Dell Technologies Common Stock — For Fiscal 2020, the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock, formerly collectively referred to as the DHI Group Common Stock, are collectively referred to as Dell Technologies Common Stock. The redesignation of such classes of common stock from DHI Group Common Stock to Dell Technologies Common Stock is intended to align the Company’s reporting with how such classes are referred to by securities analysts, investors, and other users of the financial statements since the completion on December 28, 2018 of the Class V transaction described below. As a result of the cancellation of all outstanding Class V Common Stock upon the closing of that transaction, there is no requirement after the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019 to allocate net income (loss) between two separate groups of common stock denoted the DHI Group Common Stock and the Class V Common Stock or to report earnings (loss) per share for each such group. Accordingly, net income (loss), earnings (loss) per share and other relevant information are reported for Dell Technologies Common Stock for all fiscal periods beginning with the first quarter of Fiscal 2020 and, because of lack of comparability with the new reporting, are reported separately for the DHI Group and the Class V Common Stock, as applicable, for prior fiscal periods. The par value for all classes of Dell Technologies Common Stock is $0.01 per share. For purposes of calculating earnings (loss) per share, the Company continues to use the two-class method. The Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock share equally in dividends declared or accumulated and have equal participation rights in undistributed earnings. As a result, earnings (loss) per share are the same for all classes of Dell Technologies Common Stock and are presented together.


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Common Stock prior to Fiscal 2020

DHI Group Common Stockand DHI Group — For the fiscal periods prior to Fiscal 2020, the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock were collectively referred to as the DHI Group Common Stock. All classes of DHI Group Common Stock have a par value of $0.01 per share, and the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock share equally in dividends declared or accumulated and have equal participation rights in undistributed earnings. Prior to the completion on December 28, 2018 of the Class V transaction, the DHI Group referred to the direct and indirect interest of Dell Technologies in all of Dell Technologies’ business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable to the Class V Group, as well as the DHI Group’s retained interest in the Class V Group. Subsequent to the completion of the Class V transaction, the DHI Group refers to all classes of issued and outstanding DHI Group Common Stock.

Class V Common Stock and Class V Group — The Class V Common Stock was a class of common stock intended to track the performance of a portion of Dell Technologies’ economic interest in the Class V Group. The Class V Group consisted solely of VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company. As of January 31, 2020, 0 shares of Class V Common Stock remained outstanding.

Voting Rights — Each holder of record of (a) Class A Common Stock is entitled to 10 votes per share of Class A Common Stock; (b) Class B Common Stock is entitled to 10 votes per share of Class B Common Stock; (c) Class C Common Stock is entitled to 1 vote per share of Class C Common Stock; and (d) Class D Common Stock is not entitled to any vote on any matter except to the extent required by provisions of Delaware law (in which case such holder is entitled to 1 vote per share of Class D Common Stock).

Conversion Rights — Under the Company’s certificate of incorporation, at any time and from time to time, any holder of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock has the right to convert all or any of the shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, as applicable, held by such holder into shares of Class C Common Stock on a one-to-one basis.  During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company issued 35,822,123 shares of Class C Common Stock to stockholders upon their conversion of the same number of shares of Class A Common Stock into Class C Common Stock in accordance with the Company’s certificate of incorporation. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company issued 35,301,641 shares of Class C Common Stock to stockholders upon their conversion of the same number of shares of Class B Common Stock into Class C Common Stock in accordance with the Company’s certificate of incorporation.

Class V Transaction

On December 28, 2018, the Company completed a transaction, referred to as the “Class V transaction,” pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of July 1, 2018 and amended as of November 14, 2018, between Dell Technologies and Teton Merger Sub Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Technologies. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub was merged with and into Dell Technologies (the “Merger”), with Dell Technologies continuing as the surviving corporation.

Dell Technologies completed the Class V transaction following approval of the transaction by its stockholders at a special meeting held on December 11, 2018. Dell Technologies paid $14.0 billion in cash and issued 149,387,617 shares of its Class C Common Stock in connection with the Class V transaction. The non-cash consideration portion of the Class V transaction totaled $6.9 billion. The Class C Common Stock began trading on the NYSE on a when-issued basis as of the opening of trading on December 26, 2018 and on a regular-way basis as of the opening of trading on December 28, 2018. The Class V Common Stock ceased trading on the NYSE prior to the opening of trading on December 28, 2018.

The Class V Common Stock was a class of common stock intended to track the economic performance of a portion of the Company’s interest in the Class V Group, which consisted solely of VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company. As a result of the Class V transaction, pursuant to which all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock ceased to be outstanding, the tracking stock feature of the Company’s capital structure was terminated. The Class C Common Stock issued to former holders of the Class V Common Stock represents an interest in the Company’s entire business and, unlike the Class V Common Stock, is not intended to track the performance of any distinct assets or business. The Company’s amended and restated


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certificate of incorporation that went into effect as of the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) prohibits the Company from issuing shares of Class V Common Stock.

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Class V Common Stock was exchanged for either (a) $120.00 in cash, without interest, subject to a cap of $14.0 billion on the aggregate cash consideration, or (b) 1.8066 shares of Class C Common Stock. The exchange ratio was calculated based on the aggregate amount of cash elections, as well as the aggregate volume-weighted average price per share of Class V Common Stock on the NYSE (as reported on Bloomberg) of $104.8700 for the period of 17 consecutive trading days that began on November 28, 2018 and ended on December 21, 2018.

The aggregate cash consideration and the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Class V transaction were funded with proceeds of $3.67 billion from new term loans under the Company’s senior secured credit facilities, proceeds of a margin loan financing in an aggregate principal amount of $1.35 billion, proceeds of the Company’s pro-rata portion, in the amount of $8.87 billion, of a special $11 billion cash dividend paid by VMware, Inc. in connection with the Class V transaction, and cash on hand at Dell Technologies and its subsidiaries. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about the debt incurred by the Company to finance the Class V transaction.

The Merger and the Class V transaction have been accounted for as a hybrid liability and equity transaction involving the repurchase of outstanding common stock, with the consideration consisting of a variable combination of cash and shares. Upon settlement, the accounting for the Class V transaction reflected that the outstanding Class V Common Stock was canceled and exchanged for shares of Class C Common Stock or $120.00 per share in cash or combination of cash and shares, depending on each holder’s election and subject to proration of the cash elections. The variable nature of the cash obligation to repurchase the shares of Class V Common Stock required the Company to settle a portion of the shares in exchange for cash and therefore was accounted for as a financial instrument with an immaterial mark-to-market adjustment for the change in fair value from the date of the stockholder meeting at which the Company’s stockholders voted to approve the Class V transaction to the election deadline by which holders of Class V Common Stock elected the form of consideration for which they exchanged their shares.

For additional information about the Class V transaction, see “Part I — Item 1 — Business” included in this the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

Repurchases of Common Stock and Treasury Stock

Class V Common Stock Repurchases by Dell Technologies Inc.

Prior to the Class V transaction and since the date of the EMC merger transaction, the Company authorized several programs to repurchase shares of its Class V Common Stock. As of February 1, 2019, 0 amounts of the $2.1 billion total authorized repurchases under the various programs remained available. The DHI Group Repurchase program described below was suspended as of December 13, 2016 and the $676 million remaining repurchases authorized expired two years after the authorization date. All $1.1 billion authorized under various Class V Group Repurchase Programs described below were fully utilized as of the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018. The Company repurchased 0 shares of Class V Common Stock under repurchase programs during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019.

On September 7, 2016, the board of directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program (the “DHI Group Repurchase Program”) under which the Company was authorized to use assets of the DHI Group to repurchase up to $1.0 billion shares of Class V Common Stock over a period of two years. On December 13, 2016, the board of directors approved the suspension of the DHI Group Repurchase Program until such time as the board of directors authorized the reinstatement of that program. Shares repurchased under the DHI Group Repurchase Program were held as treasury stock at cost until the completion of the Class V transaction, at which time all shares of Class V Common Stock held in treasury were retired. As cash of the DHI Group was used for Class V Common Stock repurchases under the DHI Group Repurchase Program, these repurchased shares were attributed to the DHI Group for the purposes of determining the DHI Group’s retained interest in the Class V Group. As a result, the number of retained interest shares of the DHI Group, which, together with the number of shares of Class V Common Stock outstanding, were used to calculate such retained interest, increased on a one-for-one basis for each share of Class V Common Stock repurchased under the program.



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On March 27, 2017 and August 18, 2017, the board of directors approved two amendments of the Class V Group Repurchase Program (the “March 2017 Class V Group Repurchase Program” and the “August 2017 Class V Group Repurchase Program,” respectively) which, when combined, authorized the Company to use assets of the Class V Group to repurchase up to an additional $600 million of Class V Common Stock over additional six month periods from the respective board approval dates. On May 9, 2017, the Company completed the March 2017 Class V Group Repurchase Program, pursuant to which it repurchased 4.6 million shares of Class V Common Stock for $300 million. On October 31, 2017, the Company completed the August 2017 Class V Group Repurchase Program, pursuant to which it repurchased 3.8 million shares of Class V Common Stock for $300 million. The repurchase of shares pursuant to the Class V Group repurchase programs was funded from proceeds received by the Class V Group from the sale by a subsidiary of the Company of shares of Class A common stock of VMware, Inc. owned by such subsidiary, as described below under “Class A Common Stock Repurchases by VMware, Inc.” Share repurchases made by VMware, Inc. of its Class A common stock from a subsidiary of the Company did not affect the determination of the respective interests of the Class V Common Stock and the DHI Group in the Class V Group. Shares repurchased under the V Group Repurchase Program were held as treasury stock at cost until the retirement of such shares upon the completion of the Class V transaction.

The following table presents the repurchase activity with respect to the Class V Common Stock through the completion of the Class V transaction as of the dates indicated:
 Class V Common Stock DHI Group Retained Interest
 Shares of Class V Common Stock Interest in Class V Group Retained Interest Shares Interest in Class V Group
 (in millions, except percentages)
As of February 3, 2017209
 62% 127
 38%
Class V Group Repurchase Program(10)   
  
As of February 2, 2018199
 61% 127
 39%
Repurchases of Class V Common Stock(199)   (127)  
As of December 28, 2018
 —% 
 —%


As a result of the Class V transaction, pursuant to which all 199,356,591 outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock ceased to be outstanding, the tracking stock feature of the Company’s capital structure was terminated.

DHI Group Common Stock Repurchases

Prior to the Class V transaction during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the Company repurchased approximately 1000000 shares of DHI Group Common Stock for approximately $47 million. During the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018, the Company repurchased an immaterial number of shares of DHI Group Common Stock for approximately $6 million.

All shares of DHI Group Common Stock repurchased by the Company were held as treasury stock at cost.

VMware, Inc. Class A Common Stock Repurchases by VMware, Inc.

On May 29, 2019, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $1.5 billion of VMware, Inc.’s Class A common stock. Since the date of the EMC merger transaction, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors has authorized total repurchases of $3.7 billion, of which $1.0 billion remained available as of January 31, 2020. During fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, VMware repurchased 7.7 million shares of its Class A common stock on the open market for approximately $1.3 billion, of which approximately $0.2 billion impacted Dell Technologies’ accumulated deficit balance as of January 31, 2020 as a result of periodic depletion of VMware, Inc.’s additional paid-in capital balance. During the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, VMware, Inc. repurchased 0.3 million shares of its Class A common stock in the open market for approximately $42 million.



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On December 15, 2016, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with VMware, Inc. (the “December 2016 Stock Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which VMware, Inc. agreed to repurchase for cash $500 million of shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock from a subsidiary of the Company. During the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018, VMware, Inc. repurchased 1.4 million shares for $125 million pursuant to and in completion of the December 2016 Stock Purchase Agreement. VMware, Inc. repurchased a total of 6.2 million shares under this agreement, including shares repurchased during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017. The Company applied the proceeds from the sale to the repurchase of shares of its Class V Common Stock under the Class V Group Repurchase Program described above.

In January 2017 and August 2017, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.2 billion of shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock (the “January 2017 Authorization” for up to $1.2 billion through the end of Fiscal 2018, and the “August 2017 Authorization” for up to $1.0 billion through August 31, 2018). In July 2018, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors extended the August 2017 Authorization through August 31, 2019.

On March 29, 2017 and August 23, 2017, the Company entered into 2 new stock purchase agreements with VMware, Inc. (the “March 2017 Stock Purchase Agreement” and the “August 2017 Stock Purchase Agreement,” respectively), pursuant to which VMware, Inc. agreed to repurchase for cash a total of $600 million of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock from a subsidiary of the Company. VMware, Inc. repurchased approximately 6.1 million shares of Class A common stock, consisting of 3.4 million shares pursuant to the March 2017 Stock Purchase Agreement and 2.7 million shares pursuant to the August 2017 Stock Purchase Agreement. The proceeds from the sales were applied by the Company to the repurchase of shares of the Class V Common Stock under the March 2017 and August 2017 Class V Group Repurchase Programs described above. As of November 3, 2017, the sale transactions under the March 2017 and August 2017 Stock Purchase Agreements were completed. The purchase prices of the 3.4 million shares and 2.7 million shares repurchased by VMware, Inc. were each based on separate volume-weighted average per share prices of the Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE during separate specified reference periods, less a discount of 3.5% from the respective volume-weighted average per share price. During the fiscal year endedFebruary 2, 2018, VMware, Inc. repurchased 6.4 million shares of its Class A common stock in the open market for $724 million. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, VMware, Inc. repurchased 8.3 million shares of its Class A common stock in the open market for $611 million.

All shares repurchased under VMware, Inc.’s stock repurchase programs are retired.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


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NOTE 1715 — EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE


Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted-average effect of all common shares issued and outstanding and is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares used in the basic earnings (loss) per share calculation plus the number of common shares that would be issued assuming exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive instruments. The Company excludes equity instruments from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share if the effect of including such instruments is antidilutive.


TheUntil the completion on December 28, 2018 of the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has twohad 2 groups of common stock, denoted as the DHI Group Common Stock and the Class V Common Stock.

The Class V Common Stock was a class of common stock intended to track the economic performance of 61% of the Company’s interest in the Class V Group, which consisted solely of VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company, as of February 2, 2018 and as of immediately before the completion of the Class V transaction. Upon the completion of the Class V transaction, all outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock ceased to be outstanding, and the tracking stock structure was terminated. The Class C Common Stock issued to former holders of the Class V Common Stock in the Class V transaction represents an interest in the Company’s entire business and, unlike the Class V Common Stock, is not intended to track the performance of any distinct assets or business.

Prior to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the DHI Group Common Stock consistsconsisted of four4 classes of common stock, referred to asincluding the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock. ThePrior to the completion of the Class V transaction, the DHI Group generally refersreferred to the direct and indirect interest of Dell Technologies in all of Dell Technologies'Dell Technologies’ business, assets, properties, liabilities, and preferred stock other than those attributable to the Class V Group, as well as itsthe DHI Group’s retained interest in the Class V Group equalGroup. Subsequent to approximately 38%the completion of the Company's economic interest in the Class V Group as of February 3, 2017. The Class V Common Stock is intended to track the economic performance of approximately 62% of the Company's economic interest in the Class V Group as of such date. As of February 3, 2017, the Class V Group consisted of approximately 338 million shares of Class A common stock of VMware held by the Company. See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Exhibit 99.1 filed with the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 for more information regarding the allocation of earnings from Dell Technologies' interest in VMware betweentransaction, the DHI Group refers to all classes of issued and the Class Voutstanding DHI Group Common Stock.


For purposes of calculating earnings (loss) per share, the Company usedcontinues to use the two-class method. As all classes of DHI Group Common Stock share the same rights in dividends, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are the same for each class of DHI Group Common Stock.
The following table sets forth basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for each of the periods presented:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - basic$1.44
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - basic$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - basic$4.30
 $0.16
 $(0.28)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - diluted$1.43
 $
 $
Continuing operations - DHI Group - diluted$(8.52) $(2.88) $(2.74)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - diluted$4.30
 $0.16
 $(0.28)




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for each of the periods presented:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Numerator: Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock     
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Class V Common Stock - basic$313
 $
 $
Incremental dilution from VMware attributable to Class V Common Stock (a)(3) 
 
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Class V Common Stock - diluted$310
 $
 $
      
Numerator: Continuing operations - DHI Group     
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to DHI Group - basic$(4,004) $(1,168) $(1,108)
Incremental dilution from VMware attributable to DHI Group (a)(2) 
 
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to DHI Group - diluted$(4,006) $(1,168) $(1,108)
      
Numerator: Discontinued operations - DHI Group     
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes - basic and diluted$2,019
 $64
 $(113)
      
Denominator: Class V Common Stock weighted-average shares outstanding 
  
  
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic217
 
 
Dilutive effect of options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, and other (b)
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted217
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding - antidilutive (b)
 
 
      
Denominator: DHI Group weighted-average shares outstanding     
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic470
 405
 404
Dilutive effect of options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, and other
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted470
 405
 404
Weighted-average shares outstanding - antidilutive (c)31
 53
 55
____________________
(a)The incremental dilution from VMware represents the impact of VMware's dilutive securities on the DHI Group and Class V Common Stock's respective diluted earnings (loss) per share and is calculated by multiplying the difference between VMware's basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share by the number of shares of VMware Class A common stock owned by the Company.
(b)The dilutive effect of Class V Common Stock-based incentive awards was not material to the calculation of the weighted-average Class V Common Stock outstanding. The antidilutive effect of these awards was also not material.
(c)Stock-based incentive awards have been excluded from the calculation of the DHI Group's diluted earnings (loss) per share because their effect would have been antidilutive, as the Company had a net loss from continuing operations attributable to the DHI Group for the periods presented.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



The following table presents a reconciliation to the consolidated net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Class V Common Stock$313
 $
 $
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to DHI Group(4,004) (1,168) (1,108)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.(3,691) (1,168) (1,108)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes2,019
 64
 (113)
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,672) $(1,104) $(1,221)



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



NOTE 18— CAPITALIZATION

Reclassification — On September 5, 2016, before the registration of the Class V Common Stock of Dell Technologies under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with the EMC merger transaction, holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company's Series A Common Stock, Series B Common Stock, and Series C Common Stock approved the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (the "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation") and the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the "Amended and Restated Bylaws"). The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Amended and Restated Bylaws became effective on September 7, 2016 before the closing of the EMC merger transaction. Upon the effectiveness of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the outstanding shares of the Company's Series A Common Stock, Series B Common Stock, and Series C Common Stock were automatically reclassified on a one-for-one basis into newly authorized shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, and Class C Common Stock, respectively (the "Reclassification"). The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation also amended the Company's prior certificate of incorporation to authorize the Class D Common Stock and the Class V Common Stock. The Reclassification did not affect the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. Share information in the Consolidated Financial Statements has been restated to reflect the Reclassification.

The following table summarizes the Company's common stock for the periods indicated:
 Authorized Issued Outstanding
 (in millions)
Common stock as of January 29, 2016
Series A350
 307
 307
Series B150
 98
 98
Series C200
 
 
 700
 405
 405
      
Common stock as of February 3, 2017
Class A600
 410
 410
Class B200
 137
 137
Class C900
 22
 22
Class D100
 
 
Class V343
 223
 209
 2,143
 792
 778

Preferred Stock — Dell Technologies is authorized to issue one million shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share. As of February 3, 2017, no shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

DHI Group Common Stock — The Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock are collectively referred to as the DHI Group Common Stock. The par value for all classes of DHI Group Common Stock is $.01 per share. The Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock, the Class C Common Stock, and the Class D Common Stock share equally in dividends declared or accumulated and have equal participation rights in undistributed earnings.

Of As a result, earnings (loss) per share are the 164 million sharessame for all classes of DHI GroupDell Technologies Common Stock issued during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, 160 million shares were issued in connection with the EMC merger transaction. The Company issued and sold the following shares of DHI Group Common Stock at a purchase price of $27.50 per share to the persons identified below for an aggregate purchase price of $4.4 billion, pursuant to four separate common stock purchase agreements:are presented together.

86,909,091 shares of Class A Common Stock to the MD Stockholders
16,104,050 shares of Class A Common Stock to the MSDC Stockholders


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



38,805,040 shares of Class B Common Stock to the SLP Stockholders
18,181,818 shares of Class C Common Stock to Temasek


The Company appliedaccounted for the proceeds from the saleVMware, Inc. acquisition of the shares to finance a portioncontrolling interest in Pivotal from Dell Technologies described in Note 1 of the consideration forNotes to the EMC merger transaction.

Class V Common Stock— In connection withConsolidated Financial Statements as a transaction by entities under common control. Consequently, the EMC merger transaction, Dell Technologies authorizedPivotal acquisition had no net effect on the issuance of 343 million shares of $.01 par value Class V Common Stock. Dell Technologies issued 223 million shares of Class V Common Stock to EMC shareholders on September 7, 2016 at a purchase price of $45.07Company’s consolidated financial statements or earnings (loss) per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $10.0 billion. These 223 million shares are intended to trackas previously reported, which includes the economic performance of approximately 65% of Dell Technologies' economic interestperiods in the Class V Group as of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction, while the remaining 120 million authorized and unissued shares represent the DHI Group's retained interest in approximately 35% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group as of such date. As of the closing date of the EMC merger transaction, the assets of the Class V Group consisted solely of 343 million shares of VMware Class A common stock held by the Company. Each share of Class V Common Stock is identical in all respects with, and has rights, powers, and privileges equal to those of, each other share of Class V Common Stock.

Dell Technologies' board of directors may, with the approval of the independent capital stock committee of the board of directors, reallocate assets or liabilities between the Class V Group and the DHI Group, which could result in a change to the DHI Group's retained interest in the Class V Group. The relative economic interests of the two Groups, including the DHI Group's retained interest in the Class V Group, could also change if the Company issues or repurchases shares of Class V Common Stock.

As of February 3, 2017, as described further below under "Repurchases of Common Stock; Treasury Stock," the Class V Common Stock had an approximately 62% interest inwas outstanding.

The following table presents basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the Class V Group, whileperiods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. — basic:
Dell Technologies Common Stock
$6.38
    
Class V Common Stock  $6.01
 $1.63
DHI Group  $(6.02) $(5.61)
      
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. — diluted:
Dell Technologies Common Stock
$6.03
    
Class V Common Stock  $5.91
 $1.61
DHI Group  $(6.04) $(5.62)


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The following table presents the DHI Group had an approximately 38% retained interest. See Exhibit 99.1computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
 (in millions)
Numerator: Dell Technologies Common Stock 
Net income attributable to Dell Technologies  basic
$4,616
Incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. attributable to Dell Technologies (a)(84)
Net income attributable to Dell Technologies  diluted
$4,532
  
Denominator: Dell Technologies Common Stock weighted-average shares outstanding 
Weighted-average shares outstanding  basic
724
Dilutive effect of options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, and other27
Weighted-average shares outstanding  diluted
751
Weighted-average shares outstanding  antidilutive

____________________
(a)The incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. represents the impact of VMware, Inc.’s dilutive securities on diluted earnings (loss) per share of Dell Technologies Common Stock, and is calculated by multiplying the difference between VMware, Inc.’s basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share by the number of shares of VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. was calculated by the Company without regard to VMware Inc.’s required retrospective adjustments for the Pivotal acquisition in its stand-alone financial statements. There is no incremental dilution from Pivotal and Secureworks due to the net loss position of these entities for the periods presented.



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The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share prior to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 for more information regarding Unaudited Attributed Financial InformationJanuary 31, 2020 for the Class V Group.

The Company has the authority and discretion to declare and pay (or to refrain from declaring and paying) dividends on outstanding shares of DHI Group Common Stock and dividends on outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock, in equal or unequal amounts, or only on the DHI Group Common Stock or the Class V Common Stock. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets, or winding up of the Company, the holders of shares of DHI Group Common Stock and the holders of shares of Class V Common Stock will be entitled to receive their proportionate interests in the assets of the Company remaining for distribution to holders of stock in proportion to the respective number of liquidation units per share of DHI Group Common Stock and Class V Common Stock, respectively.

Repurchases of Common Stock; Treasury Stock

Class V Common Stock Repurchases — On September 7, 2016, the board of directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program (the "DHI Group Repurchase Program") under which the Company is authorized to use assets of the DHI Group to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of shares of Class V Common Stock over a period of two years. On December 13, 2016, the board of directors approved the suspension of the DHI Group Repurchase Program until such time as the board of directors authorizes the reinstatement of that program. During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company repurchased 7 million shares of Class V Common Stock for $324 million using cash of the DHI Group. Shares repurchased under the DHI Group Repurchase Program are being held as treasury stock at cost. As of February 3, 2017, the Company's remaining authorized amount for share repurchases under the DHI Group Repurchase Program was $676 million. As cash of the DHI Group was used for Class V Common Stock repurchases under the DHI Group Repurchase Program, these repurchased shares were attributed to the DHI Group for the purposes of determining the DHI Group's retained interest in the Class V Group. As a result, the number of retained interest shares of the DHI Group, which, together with the number of shares of Class V Common Stock outstanding, are used to calculate such retained interest, increased on a one-for-one basis for each share of Class V Common Stock repurchased under the program.

On December 13, 2016, the board of directors approved a new stock repurchase program (the "Class V Group Repurchase Program") under which the Company is authorized to use assets of the Class V Group to repurchase up to $500 million of shares of Class V Common Stock over a period of six months. To the extent not retired, shares repurchased under the Class V Group Repurchase Program will be held as treasury stock at cost. The repurchase of shares pursuant to the Class V Group

periods indicated:

145
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Numerator: Class V Common Stock   
Net income attributable to Class V Common Stock — basic (a)$1,195
 $331
Incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. attributable to Class V Common Stock (b)(18) (5)
Net income attributable to Class V Common Stock — diluted$1,177
 $326
    
Numerator: DHI Group   
Net loss attributable to DHI Group — basic$(3,505) $(3,180)
Incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. attributable to DHI Group (b)(13) (4)
Net loss attributable to DHI Group — diluted$(3,518) $(3,184)
    
Denominator: Class V Common Stock weighted-average shares outstanding 
  
Weighted-average shares outstanding  basic (c)
199
 203
Dilutive effect of options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, and other (d)
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding  diluted
199
 203
Weighted-average shares outstanding  antidilutive (d)

 
    
Denominator: DHI Group weighted-average shares outstanding   
Weighted-average shares outstanding  basic (e)
582
 567
Dilutive effect of options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, and other
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding diluted
582
 567
Weighted-average shares outstanding  antidilutive (f)
44
 35
____________________
(a)For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, net income attributable to the Class V Common Stock - basic represents net income attributable to the Class V Group for the period ended December 27, 2018, the last date on which the Class V Common Stock was traded on the NYSE.
(b)The incremental dilution from VMware, Inc. represents the impact of VMware, Inc.’s dilutive securities on the diluted earnings (loss) per share of the DHI Group and the Class V Common Stock, respectively, and is calculated by multiplying the difference between VMware, Inc.’s basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share by the number of shares of VMware, Inc. common stock held by the Company.
(c)For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the Class V Common Stock weighted-average shares outstanding - basic represents the weighted-average for the period ended December 27, 2018, the last date on which the Class V Common Stock was traded on the NYSE.
(d)The dilutive effect of Class V Common Stock-based incentive awards was not material to the calculation of the weighted-average Class V Common Stock shares outstanding. The antidilutive effect of these awards was also not material.
(e)For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, the DHI Group weighted-average shares outstanding - basic represents the weighted-average shares over the twelve month period, with the Class C shares appropriately weighted for the number of days outstanding before and after the completion of the Class V transaction.
(f)Stock-based incentive awards have been excluded from the calculation of the DHI Group’s diluted loss per share because their effect would have been antidilutive, as the Company had a net loss attributable to the DHI Group for the periods presented.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




Repurchase Program was funded from proceeds receivedThe income allocation and earnings per share for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2019 and February 2, 2018 were not impacted by the Company from the saleacquisition of Pivotal by a subsidiary of the Company to VMware, of shares of Class A common stock of VMware owned by such subsidiary, as described below under "VMware Class A Common Stock Repurchases." During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company repurchased 7 million shares of Class V Common Stock for $418 million under the Class V Group Repurchase Program, of which $41 million of repurchases were settled subsequent to the close of the Company's fiscal year. These repurchasedInc., because shares of Class V Common Stock are being held as treasury stock at cost. As of February 3, 2017, the Company's remaining authorized amount for share repurchases under the Class V Group Repurchase Program was $82 million. Subsequent to the closeno longer outstanding. The following table presents a summary of the Company's fiscal year, the Company repurchased an additional 1 million shares of its Class V Common Stocknet loss attributable to complete the transactions contemplated by the program.

As cash of the Class V Group is used for repurchases of Class V Common Stock made under the Class V Group Repurchase Program, these repurchased shares are not attributed to the DHI GroupDell Technologies Inc. for the purposesperiods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Net income attributable to Class V Common Stock$1,195
 $331
Net loss attributable to DHI Group(3,505) (3,180)
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(2,310) $(2,849)


The following table presents the basis of determining the DHI Group's retained interest in the Class V Group. As a result, although the numberallocation of outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock is reduced by the number of shares of Class V Common Stock repurchased under the program, the number of retained interest shares of the DHI Group is not affected. However, the DHI Group's retained interest in the Class V Group is increased relative to the interest of the Class V Common Stock due to the reduction in the number of outstanding shares of Class V Common Stock resulting from repurchases under the program. Share repurchases made by VMware of its Class A common stock from a subsidiary of the Company do not affect the determination of the respective interests of the Class V Common Stock and the DHI Group in the Class V Group.

As of February 3, 2017, as a result of repurchases under the DHI Group Repurchase Program and the Class V Group Repurchase Program, the holders of the Class V Common Stock owned approximately 209 million shares which in the aggregate track the economic performance of approximately 62% of Dell Technologies' economic interest in the Class V Group, and the number of retained interest shares of the DHI Group was approximately 127 million shares, representing the remaining 38% economic interest in the Class V Group.

VMware Class A Common Stock Repurchases — In April 2016, VMware's board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1.2 billion of shares of VMware's Class A common stock through the end of 2016. All shares repurchased under VMware's stock repurchase programs are retired. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, VMware repurchased $611 million of its Class A common stock under the April 2016 program, and the authorized amount for repurchases of VMware common stock was fully utilized as of February 3, 2017. These shares were purchased from public stockholders in open market transactions and were unrelatednet income attributable to the Class V Group Repurchase Program.for the periods indicated:
On December 15, 2016, the Company entered into
  Fiscal Year Ended
  February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
  (in millions)
Net income attributable to VMware $2,422
 $659
Less: Net income attributable to VMware for the period from December 28, 2018 to February 1, 2019 (15) 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (452) (121)
Net income attributable to Class V Group 1,955
 538
Less: DHI Group's 38.90% and 38.48%, respectively, weighted average retained interest in Class V Group (760) (207)
Class V Common Stock economic interest in Class V Group (a) $1,195
 $331
____________________
(a)For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019, Class V Common Stock economic interest in the Class V Group represents net income attributable to the Class V Group for the period ended December 27, 2018, the last date on which the Class V Common Stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange.


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The following table presents a stock purchase agreement with VMware pursuant to which VMware agreed to repurchase for cash $500 million of shares of VMware Class A common stock from a subsidiaryreconciliation of the Company. The Company will apply the proceeds from the saleVMware reportable segment results to the repurchase of shares of its Class V Common Stock underVMware, Inc. results attributable to the Class V Group Repurchase Program described above. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, VMware repurchased approximately 4.8 million shares of its Class A common stock under the December 2016 program. On February 15, 2017, subsequentpursuant to the closetracking stock policy for the periods indicated. The VMware reportable segment results presented below were recast as discussed in Note 19 of the Company's fiscal year,Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The VMware, repurchased an additional1.4 million shares of its Class A common stock to complete the transactions contemplatedInc. results were not impacted by the stock purchase agreement.

In January 2017, VMware's board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1.2 billion of shares of VMware's Class A common stock through the end of Fiscal 2018.

DHI Group Common Stock Repurchases — During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company repurchased an immaterial number of shares of DHI Group Common Stock for approximately $10 million.


Pivotal acquisition.

146
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 VMware Reportable Segment Adjustments and Eliminations (a) VMware VMware Reportable Segment Adjustments and Eliminations (a) VMware
 (in millions)
Net revenue$9,741
 $(767) $8,974
 $8,485
 $(623) $7,862
Cost of net revenue1,312
 (54) 1,258
 1,205
 (64) 1,141
Gross margin8,429
 (713) 7,716
 7,280
 (559) 6,721
Operating expenses:           
Selling, general, and administrative3,720
 (29) 3,691
 3,062
 202
 3,264
Research and development1,783
 192
 1,975
 1,547
 208
 1,755
Total operating expenses5,503
 163
 5,666
 4,609
 410
 5,019
Operating income (loss)$2,926
 $(876) $2,050
 $2,671
 $(969) $1,702
Interest and other income (expense), net attributable to VMware    833
     112
Income before income taxes attributable to VMware    2,883
     1,814
Income tax provision attributable to VMware    461
     1,155
Net income attributable to VMware    $2,422
     $659
____________________
(a)Adjustments and eliminations primarily consist of intercompany sales and allocated expenses, as well as expenses that are excluded from the VMware reportable segment, such as amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, severance, and integration and acquisition-related costs. Adjustments also include adjustments and eliminations pertaining to Pivotal results.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 1916 STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION


Stock-basedStock-Based Compensation Expense


Stock-basedThe following table presents stock-based compensation expense for the Company was recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as follows for the respective periods:periods indicated:
Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
(in millions)(in millions)
Stock-based compensation expense (a) (b):     
Stock-based compensation expense (a):     
Cost of net revenue$35
 $10
 $13
$129
 $76
 $66
Operating expenses363
 62
 59
1,133
 842
 769
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes398
 72
 72
1,262
 918
 835
Income tax benefit(122) (26) (26)(392) (260) (268)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of income taxes$276
 $46
 $46
$870
 $658
 $567
____________________
(a)As a result of the EMC merger transaction, stock-based compensation expense before taxes for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017 includes $279 million related to VMware plans discussed below for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017.
(b)Stock-based compensation expense before taxes for the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017 does not include $8071, 2019, and February 2, 2018 includes $892 million, of post-merger stock-based compensation expense$731 million and $683 million, respectively, related taxes resulting from the EMC merger transaction. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the EMC merger transaction.VMware, Inc. plans discussed below.


Stock-basedDell Technologies Inc. Stock-Based Compensation Plans


Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended and Restated as of July, 9, 2019)On September 7, 2016, at the effective time of the EMC merger transaction, the Denali Holding Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2013 Plan"“2013 Plan”) was amended and restated as the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Restated Plan"“Restated Plan”). Employees, consultants, non-employee directors, and other service providers of the Company or its affiliates are eligible to participate in the Restated Plan. The Restated Plan authorizesauthorized the issuance of an aggregate of 75 million shares of the Company'sCompany’s Class C Common Stock and 500,000 shares of the Company'sCompany’s Class V Common Stock, of which 61 million shares of Class C Common Stock were previously reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan. The Restated Plan authorizes the Company to grant stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"(“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"(“SARs”), RSAs, and dividend equivalents.

Upon the completion of the Class V transaction on December 28, 2018, the Restated Plan was amended to remove allowance for employee awards to be settled in Class V Common Stock and reflected an increase in the total authorized shares of Class C Common Stock issued under the plan to 75.5 million shares from 75 million shares upon the conversion of 500,000 shares of Class V Common Stock previously authorized under the plan into the same number of shares of Class C Common Stock. In connection with the Class V transaction, an immaterial number of Class V Common Stock awards issued to the Company’s independent directors were converted into an immaterial number of Class C Common Stock awards, which are reflected in the underlying stock option and restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), and dividend equivalents.data as outstanding. See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Class V transaction.


During the second quarter of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Restated Plan to authorize an additional 35 million shares of Class C Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Plan. Upon effectiveness of the amendment, a total of 110.5 million shares of Class C Common Stock are authorized for issuance. As of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016,31, 2020, there were 26 million and 17approximately 55 million shares respectively, of common stock of Dell TechnologiesClass C Common Stock available for future grants under the Restated Plan and the 2013 Plan, respectively.Plan.




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Stock Option Agreements — Stock options granted under the Restated Plan include service-based awards and performance-based awards. A majority of the service-based stock options vest pro-rata at each option anniversary date over a five-year period. Performance-basedOutstanding performance-based stock options with a market condition, become exercisable upon achievement of return on equity ("ROE") metrics up to the seven-year anniversary of the going-private transaction date, dependingbecame fully vested upon the achievement of a prescribed return on equity (“ROE”) measurement that was approved by the market condition.Company’s board of directors in connection with the Class V transaction. Both service-based and performance-based stock options are granted with option exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company'sCompany’s common stock, asstock.  Prior to the Class V transaction, the fair market value was determined by the Company'sCompany’s board of directors or authorized committee.  Generally, common stock issued under both service-based and performance-based awards are subject to liquidity events, suchAfter the Class V transaction, the fair market value is based on the closing price of the Class C Common Stock as an initial public offering, change in control, sales of common stock under a semi-annual company liquidity program, and calls and puts resulting uponreported on the occurrence of specified events.NYSE on the grant date. A majority of the stock options expire ten years after the date of grant.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Stock Option Activity — The following table summarizespresents stock option activity settled in Dell Technologies Common Stock or DHI Group Common Stock duringfor the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015:periods indicated:
Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic ValueNumber of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (a)
(in millions) (per share) (in years) (in millions)(in millions) (per share) (in years) (in millions)
Options outstanding as of January 31, 201460
 $14.32
  
Options outstanding as of February 3, 201748
 $14.75
  
Granted2
 17.08
  
 
  
Exercised
 
  (4) 14.62
  
Forfeited(6) 13.75
  (2) 13.75
  
Canceled/expired(1) 32.22
  
 
  
Options outstanding as of January 30, 201555
 14.11
  
Options outstanding as of February 2, 201842
 14.80
  
Granted2
 24.05
  
 
  
Exercised
 
  
 
  
Forfeited(3) 19.07
  
 
  
Canceled/expired
 
  
 
  
Options outstanding as of January 29, 201654
 14.30
  
Options outstanding as of February 1, 2019 (b)42
 14.76
  
Granted2
 27.09
  
 
  
Exercised(1) 14.12
  (24) 14.86
  
Forfeited(7) 15.51
  
 
  
Canceled/expired
 
  
 
  
Options outstanding as of February 3, 2017 (a)48
 14.75
 6.5 $676
Vested and expected to vest (net of estimated forfeitures), February 3, 201744
 $14.75
 6.4 $621
Exercisable as of February 3, 201716
 $14.63
 5.8 $233
Options outstanding as of January 31, 2020 (c)18
 $14.82
 3.5 $617
Exercisable as of January 31, 202018
 $14.55
 3.4 $612
Vested and expected to vest (net of estimated forfeitures) as of January 31, 202018
 $14.81
 3.5 $616
____________________
(a)The aggregate intrinsic values represent the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on the closing price of $48.77 of the Company’s Class C Common Stock on January 31, 2020 as reported on the NYSE that would have been received by the option holders had all in-the-money options been exercised as of that date.
(b)Stock option activity during the period was immaterial. The ending weighted-average exercise price was calculated based on underlying options outstanding as of February 1, 2019.
(c)Other than stock option exercises, stock option activity during the period was immaterial. The ending weighted-average exercise price was calculated based on underlying options outstanding as of January 31, 2020. Of the 4818 million stock options outstanding on February 3, 2017, 20January 31, 2020, 10 million related to performance-based awards and 288 million related to service-based awards.




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The total fair value of options vested was $50$4 million, $42$150 million, and $41$45 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015,February 2, 2018, respectively. The pre-tax intrinsic value of the options exercised was $835 million, $18 million, $4 million, and $1$62 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017,1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, respectively. Cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $350 million for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2016,31, 2020 and immaterial for both the fiscal years ended February 1, 2019 and February 2, 2018.

The tax benefit realized from the exercise of stock options was $197 million, $5 million, and $21 million for the fiscal years ended January 30, 2015,31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, respectively. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, there was $94$2 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.41.5 years.


Valuation of Service-Based Stock Option Awards The tax benefit realized from the exerciseCompany granted an immaterial number of service-based stock options was $6 million, $1 million, and immaterial forunder the Restated Plan during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017,1, 2019, and February 2, 2018.

Valuation of Performance-Based Stock Option Awards — There were 0 performance-based stock options granted under the Restated Plan during the fiscal years ended January 29, 2016,31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018.

Restricted Stock — The Company’s restricted stock primarily consists of RSUs granted to employees. During the fiscal year ended January 30, 2015, respectively.

In connection31, 2020, the Company granted long-term incentive awards in the form of service-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”) in order to align critical talent retention programs with the EMC merger transaction and in accordance withinterests of holders of the merger agreement, certain executives holding unvested restricted stock units of EMC ("EMC RSUs") were given the opportunity to elect to exchange each unvested EMC RSU held by such executives that would otherwiseClass C Common Stock.

Service-based RSUs have vested in the ordinary coursea fair value based on or after January 1, 2017 for (a) a deferred cash award having a cash value equal to the closing price of a share of EMC common stockthe Class C Common Stock price as reported on the last tradingNYSE on the grant date or the trade day beforeimmediately preceding the closinggrant date, if the grant date falls on a non-trading day. Most of such RSUs vest ratably over a three-year period.  Each service-based RSU represents the EMC merger transaction, or $29.05, and (b) an option ("rollover option")right to purchase aacquire one share of Class C Common Stock of Dell Technologies ("the rollover opportunity"). The rollover options have a three-year term and a per share exercise price equalupon vesting. Prior to the fair market value of a share of Class C Common Stock on the date of grant, or $27.50, and, to the extent vested, may be exercised using a cashless exercise method for both the exercise price and the applicable minimum required tax withholding (subject to certain limitations). Each deferred cash award will vest, and each rollover option will vest and thereby become exercisable, on the same schedule as the EMC RSU for which they were exchanged (with any performance-vesting condition deemed satisfied at the target level of performance upon the closing of the EMC merger transaction). Pursuant to the rollover opportunity, options to purchase 1.8 million shares of Class C Common Stock were issued and have been included within the stock option activity table above as granted options.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Valuation of Service-Based Stock Option Awards— For service-based stock options granted under the 2013 Plan and the Restated Plan, the Company utilized the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options at the grant date. The Black-Scholes option pricing model incorporates various assumptions, including leveraged adjusted volatility of a public peer group, expected term, risk-free interest rates, and dividend yields. The weighted assumptions utilized for valuation of options under this model as well as the weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the respective periods are presented below.

The expected term is based on historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted to employees. For the periods presented, option valuations used leverage-adjusted volatility of a peer group, and the expected term was based on analysis of the Company's historical option settlement experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted.

The assumptions utilized in this model as well as the weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted in DHI Group Common Stock are presented below:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted per option$10.36
 $10.05
 $8.75
Expected term (in years)3.4
 5.1
 5.2
Risk-free rate (U.S. Government Treasury Note)0.9% 1.5% 1.6%
Expected volatility51% 46% 62%
Expected dividend yield% % %

Valuation of Performance-Based Stock Option Awards— For performance-based stock options granted under the 2013 Plan and the Restated Plan, the Company utilized the Monte Carlo valuation model to simulate probabilities of achievement of the market condition and the grant date fair value. The valuation model for performance-based option grants during the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015 used a weighted-average leverage adjusted five years peer volatility and corresponding risk free interest rate. Upon fulfillment of a ROE condition, a specific portion of the performance options become exercisable.  An embedded binomial lattice option pricing model was used to determine the value of these exercisable options using the assumption that each option will be exercised at the midpoint between the date of satisfaction of a ROE condition and the expiration date of such option.



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The assumptions utilized in this model as well as the weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted are presented below:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
Weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted per option$8.83
 $10.85
 $9.01
Expected term (in years)
 
 
Risk-free rate (U.S. Government Treasury Note)1.7% 2.0% 2.4%
Expected volatility44% 50% 55%
Expected dividend yield% % %

Restricted Stock — The Company's restricted stock primarily consists of RSU awards granted to employees. RSUs are valued based on the Company's Class C Common Stock price on the date of grant. The shares underlying the RSU awards are not issued until the RSU vests. Upon vesting,V transaction, each RSU convertsconverted into one1 share of DHI Group Common Stock.Stock upon vesting.


The Company's restricted stock also includes performance stock unit ("PSU") awards, which have beenPSUs granted after the Class V transaction are reflected as target units while the actual number of units that ultimately vest will range from 0% to certain members200% of target, based on the level of achievement of the Company's senior leadership team. The PSU awards include performance conditionsgoals and in certain cases, a time-based vesting component. For PSU awards granted under the Restated Plan,continued employment with the Company utilizedover a three-year performance period. Approximately half of the PSUs granted are subject to achievement of market-based performance goals based on relative total shareholder return and were valued utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model to simulate the probabilities of achievementachievement. The remaining PSUs are subject to internal financial metrics and have fair values based on the closing price of the market conditionClass C Common Stock as reported on the NYSE on the accounting grant date.  For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, approximately one-third of the non-market performance awards have been valued and are considered outstanding for accounting purposes.

Prior to determine the grant date fair value.Class V transaction, the Company granted market-based PSUs to certain members of the Company’s senior leadership team, which were also valued using the Monte Carlo model.  The vesting and payout of the PSU awards depends upon the return on equity achieved on various measurement dates through the five year anniversary of the EMC merger transaction or specified liquidity events.


The following table summarizes non-vestedpresents the assumptions utilized in the Monte Carlo valuation model for the period indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020
Weighted-average grant date fair value$87.17
Expected term (in years)3.0
Risk-free rate (U.S. Government Treasury Note)2.4%
Expected volatility45%
Expected dividend yield%




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The following table presents restricted stock and restricted stock units activity settled in Dell Technologies Common Stock or DHI Group Common Stock duringfor the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017. For the fiscal years ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015, the total estimated vest date fair value of restricted stock unit awards was not material. periods indicated:
Number
of
Shares
 Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Number of Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(in millions) (per share)(in millions) (per unit)
Non-vested restricted stock unit balance as of January 29, 2016
 $
Outstanding, February 3, 201710
 $19.63
Granted11
 19.66
1
 23.04
Vested
 
(1) 27.59
Forfeited(1) 19.63
(3) 19.13
Non-vested restricted stock unit balance as of February 3, 2017 (a)10
 $19.63
Outstanding, February 2, 20187
 $18.73
Granted (a)
 
Vested(1) 28.03
Forfeited(1) 17.88
Outstanding, February 1, 20195
 $18.90
Granted13
 60.55
Vested(1) 30.24
Forfeited(1) 46.50
Outstanding, January 31, 2020 (b)16
 $50.78
_____________________________________
(a)Of the 10 million non-vestedThe Company granted an immaterial number of restricted stock awards during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019.
(b)As of January 31, 2020, the 16 million units 6outstanding included 11 million related to performance-based awardsRSUs and 45 million related to service-based awards.PSUs.


The following table presents restricted stock that is expected to vest as of the date indicated:
 Number of Units Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (a)
 (in millions) (in years) (in millions)
Expected to vest, January 31, 202014
 1.6 $695
____________________
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on the closing price of $48.77 of the Company’s Class C Common Stock on January 31, 2020 as reported on the NYSE that would have been received by the RSU holders had the RSUs been issued as of January 31, 2020.

The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018 was $27 million, $24 million, and $37 million, respectively, and the pre-tax intrinsic value was $47 million, $63 million, and $44 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, 16 million shares of restricted stock were outstanding, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $774 million.

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, there was $144$464 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to these awards expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.62.2 years.


Dell Technologies Shares Withheld for Taxes — Under certain situations, shares are soldwithheld from issuance to cover employee taxes for both the vesting of restricted stock units and the exercise of stock options. For the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, 0.21, 2019, and February 2, 2018, 0.1 million, 0.4 million, and 1.0 million shares, respectively, were withheld to cover $6$4 million, $28 million, and $35 million, respectively, of employees'employees’ tax obligations. Shares withheld for taxes for the fiscal years ended January 29, 2016 and January 30, 2015 were immaterial.






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VMware, Inc. Stock-Based Compensation Plans


VMware, Inc. 2007 Equity Plansand Incentive PlanIn June 2007, VMware, Inc. adopted its 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan (the "2007 Plan"“2007 Plan”). In June 2019, VMware, Inc. amended its 2007 Plan to increase the number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance by 13 million. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the number of authorized shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock under the 2007 Plan was 122approximately 145 million. The number of shares underlying outstanding equity awards that VMware, Inc. assumes in the course of business acquisitions are also added to the 2007 Plan reserve on an as-converted basis. VMware, Inc. has assumed 4approximately 11 million shares, which accordingly have been added to the authorized shares under the 2007 Plan reserve.


Awards under the 2007 Plan may be in the form of stock-based awards such as RSUs or stock options. VMware, Inc.’s Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee determines the vesting schedule for all equity awards. Generally, restricted stock grants made under the 2007 Plan have a three-year to four-year period over which they vest and vest 25% the first year and semi-annuallysemiannually thereafter. VMware's Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee determines the vesting schedule for all equity awards. The value of RSU grants is based on VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s stock price on the date of grant. The shares underlying the RSU awards are not issued until the RSUs vest. Upon vesting, each RSU converts into one1 share of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock. VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s restricted stock also includeincludes PSU awards which have been granted to certain VMware, Inc. executives and employees. The PSU awards include performance conditions and, in certain cases, a time-based or market-based vesting component. Upon vesting, each PSU award will convert into VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s Class A common stock at various ratios ranging from 0.50.1 to 2.0 shares per PSU, depending upon the degree of achievement of the performance or market based target designated by each individual award. If minimum performance thresholds are not achieved, then no shares will be issued.


The per share exercise price for a stock option awarded under the 2007 Plan maywill not be less than 100% of the per share fair market value of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock on the date of grant. Most options granted under the 2007 Plan vest 25% after the first year and monthly thereafter over the following three years and expire between six and seven years from the date of grant. VMware, Inc. utilizes both authorized and unissued shares to satisfy all shares issued under the 2007 Plan. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, there werewas an aggregate of 13approximately 24 million shares of common stock available for issuance pursuant to future grants under the 2007 Plan.


Pivotal Equity Plan — Upon the completion of the acquisition by VMware, Inc. as described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Pivotal’s equity plan was terminated and no further awards can be granted under the plan. Pivotal’s outstanding unvested RSUs and options on the date of the acquisition were converted to VMware, Inc. RSUs and options and valued at their historical carrying amounts. The activity under Pivotal’s equity plan was not material during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018.

VMware, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan — In June 2007, VMware, Inc. adopted its 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"“ESPP”), which is intended to be qualified under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. In June 2019, VMware, Inc. amended its ESPP to increase the number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance by 9 million. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, the number of authorized shares of VMware Class A common stock under the ESPP was a total of 14 million shares.approximately 32 million. Under the ESPP, eligible VMware, Inc. employees are granted options to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise.


The option period is generally twelve months and includes two2 embedded six-month option periods. Options are exercised at the end of each embedded option period. If the fair market value of the stock is lower on the first day of the second embedded option period than it was at the time of grant, then the twelve-month option period expires and each enrolled participant is granted a new twelve-month option. As of February 3, 2017, 1January 31, 2020, approximately 14 million shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.




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The following table summarizespresents ESPP activity duringfor the period from September 7, 2016 throughperiods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions, except per share amounts)
Cash proceeds$172
 $161
 $65
Class A common shares purchased1.5
 1.9
 0.9
Weighted-average price per share$115.51
 $84.95
 $72.40


As of January 31, 2020, $95 million of ESPP withholdings were recorded as a liability in accrued and other on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to a purchase under the ESPP that occurred on February 3, 2017:
29, 2020, subsequent to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of January 31, 2020 for the ESPP was $39 million.

September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017

(in millions, except per share amounts)
Cash proceeds$60
Class A common shares purchased1.5
Weighted-average price per share$40.65




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



VMware, Inc. 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan Stock Options— The following table summarizespresents stock option activity for VMware, Inc. employees in VMware, Inc. stock options:options for the periods indicated:
 Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 (in millions) (per share) (in years) (in millions)
Options outstanding as of September 7, 20162
 $65.01
    
Granted
 
    
Exercised
 
    
Forfeited
 
    
Canceled/Expired
 
    
Options outstanding as of February 3, 2017 (a)2
 $69.38
 4.4 $43
Vested and expected to vest (net of estimated forfeitures) as of February 3, 20172
 $69.15
 4.4 $43
Exercisable as of February 3, 20171
 $68.81
 4.3 $32
 Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (a)
 (in millions) (per share) (in years) (in millions)
Options outstanding as of February 3, 20172
 $69.38
    
Granted1
 13.79
    
Exercised(1) 53.50
    
Forfeited
 
    
Canceled/expired
 
    
Options outstanding as of February 2, 20182
 54.63
    
Granted1
 16.07
    
Adjustment for special cash dividend
 
    
Exercised(1) 46.73
    
Forfeited
 
    
Canceled/expired
 
    
Options outstanding as of February 1, 2019 (b)2
 36.50
    
Granted2
 73.19
    
Exercised(1) 39.94
    
Forfeited
 
    
Canceled/expired
 
    
Options outstanding as of January 31, 20203
 $56.58
 6.4 $239
Exercisable as of January 31, 20201
 $47.24
 3.8 $95
Vested and expected to vest (net of estimated forfeitures) as of January 31, 20203
 $56.13
 6.4 $238
_____________________________________
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on VMware, Inc.’s closing stock price of $148.06 on January 31, 2020 as reported on the NYSE that would have been received by the option holders had all in-the-money options been exercised as of that date.
(b)The number of options and weighted-average exercise price of options outstanding as of February 1, 2019 reflect the non-cash adjustments to the options as a result of the special cash dividend.

(a) Stock option activity during the period was immaterial. The ending weighted-average exercise price was calculated based on underlying options outstanding as

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The above table includes stock options granted in conjunction with unvested stock options assumed in business combinations.combinations, including 0.6 million options issued for unvested options assumed as part of the Pivotal acquisition. As a result, the weighted-average exercise price per share may vary from the VMware, Inc. stock price at time of grant. Aggregate intrinsic values represent the total pretax intrinsic values based on VMware's closing stock price of $88.95 as of February 3, 2017 as reported on the NYSE, which would have been received by the option holders had all in-the-money options been exercised as of that date. The total fair value of VMware, Inc. stock options that vested during the period from September 7, 2016 throughfiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 20171, 2019, and February 2, 2018 was $13 million.$64 million, $35 million, and $32 million, respectively. The pre-tax intrinsic value of the options exercised during the period from September 7, 2016 throughfiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 20171, 2019, and February 2, 2018 was $13 million. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, $4$103 million, in cash was received from the stock option exercises.$56 million, and $62 million, respectively.


The tax benefit realized from the exercise of stock options was $4$25 million, from$13 million, and $21 million for the period from September 7, 2016 throughfiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017.1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, respectively. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, there was $15$129 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of less thanapproximately one year.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Fair Value of VMware, Inc. Options— The fair value of each option to acquire VMware, Inc. Class A common stock granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following tables present the assumptions utilized in this model, withas well as the following weighted-average assumptions:

assumptions for the periods indicated:

Fiscal Year Ended February 3, 2017Fiscal Year Ended
VMware Employee Stock Purchase Plan 
January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
VMware, Inc. 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan     
Weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted per option$13.57
$98.00
 $143.01
 $83.62
Expected term (in years)0.8
2.7
 3.2
 3.3
Risk-free rate (U.S. Government Treasury Note)0.5%1.5% 2.9% 1.7%
Expected volatility38%34% 32% 29%
Expected dividend yield%% % %


 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
VMware, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan     
Weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted per option$35.66
 $34.72
 $21.93
Expected term (in years)0.6
 0.8
 0.9
Risk-free rate (U.S. Government Treasury Note)1.7% 2.0% 1.2%
Expected volatility27% 33% 23%
Expected dividend yield% % %


The weighted-average grant date fair value of VMware, Inc. stock options can fluctuate from period to period primarily due to higher valued options assumed through business combinations with exercise prices lower than the fair market value of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s stock on the date of grant.


For equity awards granted, volatility iswas based on an analysis of historical stock prices and implied volatilities of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s Class A common stock. The expected term iswas based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting termination behavior, the term of the option period for grants made under VMware'sthe ESPP, or the weighted-average remaining term for options assumed in acquisitions. VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s expected dividend yield input was zero0 as it has not historically paid nor expects in the future to pay, cash dividends on its common stock.stock, other than the special cash dividend paid in connection with the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and below, and does not expect to pay cash dividends in the future. The risk-free interest rate iswas based on a U.S. Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options.


There

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On July 1, 2018, in connection with the Class V transaction, VMware, Inc.’s board of directors declared a $11 billion special cash dividend, paid pro-rata to VMware, Inc. stockholders on December 28, 2018 in the amount of $26.81 per outstanding share of VMware, Inc. common stock.

VMware, Inc. stock awards that were nooutstanding at the time of the special cash dividend were adjusted pursuant to anti-dilution provisions in VMware, Inc. equity incentive plan documents that provide for equitable adjustments to be determined by VMware’s Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee in the event of an extraordinary cash dividend. The adjustments to awards included increasing the number of outstanding restricted stock units and stock options, granted duringas well as reducing the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017.exercise prices of outstanding stock options. The adjustments did not result in incremental stock-based compensation expense as the anti-dilutive adjustments were required by VMware, Inc.’s equity incentive plan.


VMware, Inc. Restricted Stock— The following table summarizes VMware'spresents VMware, Inc.’s restricted stock activity since September 7, 2016:for the periods indicated:
Number
of
Shares
 Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Number of Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
(in millions) (per share)(in millions) (per unit)
Non-vested restricted stock unit balance as of September 7, 201622
 $67.01
Outstanding, February 3, 201720
 $67.41
Granted2
 79.81
8
 93.84
Vested(3) 72.94
(9) 67.89
Forfeited(1) 69.19
(2) 72.68
Non-vested restricted stock unit balance as of February 3, 201720
 $67.41
Outstanding, February 2, 201817
 $78.62
Granted7
 146.61
Adjustment for special cash dividend (a)3
 NA
Vested(7) 75.45
Forfeited(2) 86.90
Outstanding, February 1, 2019 (a)18
 $90.06
Granted9
 157.07
Vested(8) 80.28
Forfeited(2) 101.29
Outstanding, January 31, 2020 (b)17
 $128.38

____________________
(a)
The weighted-average grant date fair value of outstanding RSU awards as of February 1, 2019 reflects the non-cash adjustments to the awards as a result of the special cash dividend.
(b)
As of January 31, 2020, the 17 million units outstanding included 16 million RSUs and 1 million PSUs. The above table includes RSUs issued for outstanding unvested RSUs in connection with business combinations, including 2.2 millionRSUs issued for unvested RSUs assumed as part of the Pivotal acquisition.

The following table presents restricted stock that is expected to vest as of the date indicated:
 Number of Units Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (a)
 (in millions) (in years) (in millions)
Expected to vest, January 31, 202016
 2.4 $2,320
____________________
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic values based on VMware, Inc.’s closing stock price of $148.06 on January 31, 2020 as reported on the NYSE that would have been received by the RSU holders had the RSUs been issued as of January 31, 2020.



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The total fair value of VMware, Inc. restricted stock awards that vested during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019 and February 2, 2018 was $657 million, $556 million, and $616 million, respectively, and the pre-tax intrinsic value was $1,414 million, $1,061 million, and $946 million, respectively. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, 17 million restricted stock representing 20 million shares of VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s Class A common stock waswere outstanding, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $1,819$2,587 million based on VMware'sVMware, Inc.’s closing stock price as of February 3, 2017 on January 31, 2020as reported on the NYSE. The total fair value of VMware restricted stock awards that vested during the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 was $203 million and the intrinsic value was $218 million. NYSE.

As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, there was $973$1,589 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to these awards expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.41.6 years.


VMware, Inc. Shares Withheld for Taxes — For the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017,1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, VMware, Inc. repurchased and retired or withheld 13 million shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock, each year; for $77$521 million, $373 million, and $348 million, respectively, to cover tax withholding obligations. These amounts may differ from the amounts of cash remitted for tax withholding obligations on the consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of cash flowsCash Flows due to the timing of payments. Pursuant to the respective award agreements, these shares were withheld in conjunction with the net share settlement upon the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units (including PSUs) during the period. The value of the withheld shares, including restricted stock units, was classified as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.




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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Other Plans


In addition to the plans disclosed above, the Company has issueda consolidated subsidiary, Secureworks, that maintains its own equity plan and issues equity grants settling in its Class V Common Stock as well as classes of stock of its subsidiaries, including SecureWorks.own stock. The stock option and restricted stock unit activity under these plansthis plan was not material during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015.February 2, 2018.





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NOTE 2017 REDEEMABLE SHARES


Awards under the Company'sCompany’s stock incentive plans include certain rights that allow the holder to exercise a put feature for the underlying Classes ofClass A andor Class C Common Stock after a six-month holding period following the issuance of such common stock, requiringstock. The put feature requires the Company to purchase the stock at its fair market value. Accordingly, these awards and such common stock are subject to reclassification from equity to temporary equity, and the Company determines the award amounts to be classified as temporary equity as follows:
For stock options to purchase Class C Common Stock subject to service requirements, the intrinsic value of the option is multiplied by the portion of the optionsoption for which services have been rendered. Upon exercise of the option(s),option, the amount in temporary equity represents the fair value of the Class C Common Stock.

For SARs,stock appreciation rights, RSUs, andor RSAs, any of which stock award types are subject to service requirements, the fair value of the share is multiplied by the portion of the sharesshare for which services have been rendered.

For share-based arrangements that are subject to the occurrence of a contingent event, those amounts are not reclassified to temporary equity untilbased on a probability assessment performed by the contingency has been satisfied.Company on a periodic basis. Contingent events include the achievement of performance-based metrics.

In connection with the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the put feature provisions were amended to provide that the put feature will terminate upon the earlier of June 27, 2021 or the consummation of any underwritten public offering of shares of Class C Common Stock.

The following table presents the amount of redeemable shares classified as temporary equity and summarizes the award type as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016 was $231 million and $106 million, respectively. Asthe dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Redeemable shares classified as temporary equity$629
 $1,196
    
Issued and outstanding unrestricted common shares2
 3
Restricted stock units1
 1
Restricted stock awards
 
Outstanding stock options15
 31


The decrease in the value of February 3, 2017, the redeemable shares consistedduring the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to a decline in Class C Common Stock fair value and a reduction in the number of 1.1 million issued and outstanding common shares 0.4 million RSUs, 0.1 million RSAs, and 13.7 million outstanding stock options. As of January 29, 2016, the redeemable shares consisted of 0.9 million issued and outstanding common shares, 0.1 million unvested restricted stock units, and 18.6 million outstanding stock options.eligible for put rights.






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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 2118 RETIREMENT PLAN BENEFITS


Defined Benefit Pension PlanRetirement Plans


In connection withThe Company sponsors retirement plans for certain employees in the EMC merger transaction completed on September 7, 2016,United States and internationally, and some of these plans meet the Company assumed allcriteria of EMC'sa defined benefit obligations and related plan assets, including a noncontributoryretirement plan. Benefits under defined benefit pensionretirement plans guarantee a particular payment to the employee in retirement. The amount of retirement benefit is defined by the plan, (the "Pension Plan") which was assumed asand is typically a result of EMC's prior acquisition of Data General. Certainfunction of the Company's foreign subsidiaries also have defined benefit pension plans which were assumed as partnumber of the EMC merger transaction and do not have a material impact on the results of operations or financial position of the Company.

Benefits under the Pension Plan are generally based on either career average or final average salaries and creditable years of service as defined inrendered by the plan.employee and the employee’s average salary or salary at retirement. The annual cost forcosts of the Pension Plan isplans are determined using the projected unit credit actuarial cost method that includes actuarial assumptions and estimates which are subject to change.

Net periodic benefit costs related to defined benefit retirement plans were immaterial for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018. The Company did not make any significant contributions to defined benefit retirement plans for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, and does not expect to make any significant contributions in Fiscal 2021.

U.S. Pension Plan — The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan in the United States (the “U.S. pension plan”) which was assumed in connection with the EMC merger transaction. As of December 1999, thisthe U.S. pension plan was frozen, so employees no longer accrue pensionretirement benefits for future services. The measurement date for the Pension PlanU.S. pension plan is the end of the Company'sCompany’s fiscal year.


The following table presents a reconciliationattributes of the Pension Plan benefit obligation:U.S. pension plan as of the dates indicated:
 Benefit Obligation
 (in millions)
Benefit obligation as of September 7, 2016$590
Interest cost8
Benefits paid(11)
Actuarial loss (gain)(52)
Benefit obligation as of February 3, 2017$535
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Plan assets at fair value (a)$547
 $474
Benefit obligations(588) (524)
Underfunded position (b)$(41) $(50)

On a weighted-average basis, the assumed discount rate used to determine the benefit obligations at February 3, 2017 and September 7, 2016 was 4.1% and 3.4%, respectively.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the fair value of plan assets:
 Plan Assets
 (in millions)
Fair value of plan assets as of September 7, 2016$493
Actual return on plan assets(12)
Benefits paid(11)
Fair value of plan assets as of February 3, 2017$470

The under-funded status of the Pension Plan at February 3, 2017 was $65 million and is classified as a component of other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company does not expect to make any significant contributions to the Pension Plan in Fiscal 2018.

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost recognized in the period presented:
 September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017
 (in millions)
Interest cost$8
Expected return on plan assets(16)
Recognized actuarial loss
Net periodic benefit cost$(8)



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The discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in the accounting for the Pension Plan to determine the net periodic benefit cost for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 was 3.4% and 6.5%, respectively. During the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017, the Pension Plan had net gains of $24 million that were primarily the result of an increase in the discount rate and the rate of return on plan assets. The net gains were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to a component of net periodic benefit cost during the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017. Additionally, the Company expects that none of the total balance included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at February 3, 2017 will be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost in Fiscal 2018.

At February 3, 2017, future benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows: $26 million in Fiscal 2018; $27 million in Fiscal 2019; $29 million in Fiscal 2020; $31 million in Fiscal 2021; $32 million in Fiscal 2022; and $174 million thereafter.

Fair Value of Plan Assets The following table presents the fair value of each class of plan assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of February 3, 2017:
 February 3, 2017
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (in millions)
Common collective trusts (a)$
 $331
 $
 $331
U.S. Treasury securities1
 
 
 1
Corporate debt securities (b)
 137
 
 137
Total$1
 $468
 $
 469
Plan payables, net of accrued interest and dividends (c)      1
Total, net      $470
_____________________________________
(a)Common collective trustsPlan assets are valuedmanaged by outside investment managers. The Company’s investment strategy with respect to plan assets is to achieve a long-term growth of capital, consistent with an appropriate level of risk. Assets are recognized at the net assetfair value calculated by the fund manager based on the underlying investments and are primarily classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Corporate debt securities are valued daily at the closing price reported in active U.S. financial markets and are classified within Level 2The underfunded position of the fair value hierarchy.
(c)Dividends, accrued interest and netU.S. pension plan payables are not material tois recognized in other non-current liabilities in the plan assets and therefore have not been classified into the fair value hierarchy.Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.


Investment Strategy As of January 31, 2020, future benefit payments for the U.S. pension plan are expected to be paid as follows: $30 million in Fiscal 2021; $31 million in Fiscal 2022; $33 million in Fiscal 2023; $34 million in Fiscal 2024; $34 million in Fiscal 2025; and $175 million thereafter.

International Pension Plans The Pension Plan's assets are managed byCompany also sponsors retirement plans outside investment managers. The Company's investment strategy with respect to plan assets is to achieve a long-term growth of capital, consistent with an appropriate level of risk. The expected long-term rate of return on the plan assets considers the current level of expected returns on risk-free investments (primarily government bonds), the historical level of the risk premium associated withUnited States which qualify as defined benefit plans. As of January 31, 2020, the other asset classes in which the portfolio is invested and the expectations for future returns of each asset class. The expected return for each asset class was weighted based on the target asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets. As market conditions permit, the Company expects to shift the asset allocation to lower the percentage of investments in equities and increase the percentage of investments in long-duration fixed-income securities. The changes could result in a reduction in the long-term rate of return on the plan assets and increase future pension expense.

At February 3, 2017, the long-term weighted-average target asset allocations are as follows: 17% U.S. large capitalization equity securities; 4% U.S. small capitalization equity securities; 4% foreign equity securities; and 75% U.S. long-duration fixed income securities.

At February 3, 2017, the actual allocationaggregate fair value of plan assets for the international pension plans was $0.2 billion, the aggregate benefit obligations were $0.4 billion, and the aggregate net underfunded position was $0.2 billion. The underfunded position of the international pension plans is as follows: 27% U.S. large capitalization equity securities; 5% U.S. small capitalization equity securities; 7% foreign equity securities; 57% U.S. long-duration fixed income securities; and 4% below investment grade corporate fixed income securities.recognized in other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.






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Employee BenefitDefined Contribution Retirement Plans


Dell 401(k) Plan — The Company has a defined contribution retirement plan (the "401(k) Plan"“Dell 401(k) Plan”) that complies with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Substantially all DellOnly U.S. employees in the United States before the completion of the EMC merger transaction are eligible to participate in the Dell 401(k) Plan. Effectiveplan. As of January 1, 2008,31, 2020, the Company matches 100% of each participant'sparticipant’s voluntary contributions, subject to a maximum contribution of 5%6% of the participant'sparticipant’s eligible compensation, up to an annual limit of $7,500, and participants vest immediately in all contributions to the Dell 401(k) Plan. The Company's contributions during the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015 were $158 million, $169 million, and $162 million, respectively. The Company'sCompany’s matching contributions as well as participants'participants’ voluntary contributions are invested according to each participant'sparticipant’s elections in the investment options provided under the Dell 401(k) Plan. The Company’s contributions during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018 were $267 million, $254 million, and $129 million, respectively. Contributions increased during the fiscal year ended February 1, 2019 due to the additional participants that were transferred from the EMC 401(k) Plan, as discussed below.


EMC 401(k) Plan The following EMC employee benefitdefined contribution retirement plan (the “EMC 401(k) Plan”) was assumed on September 7, 2016 in connection with the EMC merger transaction:

transaction on September 7, 2016. Effective January 1, 2018, the EMC 401(k) Plan — The Company has awas terminated and participant account balances were transferred to the Dell 401(k) Plan and the newly-created Pivotal defined contribution program that complies with Section 401(k) ofplan. Prior to the Internal Revenue Code for certain employees who were EMC employees before the completiontermination of the EMC merger transaction.401(k) Plan on January 1, 2018, the Company’s contributions during the fiscal year ended February 2, 2018 to the EMC matches pre-tax employee contributions up to 6% of eligible compensation during each pay period (subject to a $750 maximum match each quarter). EMC also provides a supplemental matching contribution up to an additional $3,000 at the end of the calendar year. All participants vest in the Company's matching contributions based on the number of years of continuous service over a three-year vesting period. The Company's matching contributions401(k) Plan were $94 million.

VMware, Inc. and participants voluntary contributions are invested according to each participant's elections in the investment options provided under the 401(k) Plan. VMware also has aPivotal have defined contribution programprograms for certain employees that compliescomply with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company's contributions during the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017 to the EMCPivotal’s defined contribution program were $31 million. On February 15, 2017, subsequent to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company contributed an additional $47 million to such program as partwas acquired by VMware, Inc. in connection with VMware Inc.’s acquisition of its supplemental matching program.Pivotal on December 30, 2019.







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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 2219SEGMENT INFORMATION


With the closing of the EMC merger transaction on September 7, 2016 and the classification of Dell Services and DSG as discontinued operations during the fiscal year ended FebruaryThe Company has 3 2017, the Company now has three reportable segments that are based on the following business units: Infrastructure Solutions Group (“ISG”); Client Solutions Group ("CSG"); Infrastructure Solutions Group ("ISG"(“CSG”); and VMware. The ISG segment represents

On December 30, 2019, VMware, Inc. completed its acquisition of Pivotal. Due to the Company's previous Enterprise Solutions Group ("ESG") segmentCompany’s ownership of a controlling interest in Pivotal, the Company and EMC's Information Storage segment. There was no change inVMware, Inc. accounted for the way Dell's legacy business results are allocated between the CSG and ESG (now referred to as ISG) segmentsPivotal acquisition as a result oftransaction by entities under common control, and consequently the EMC merger transaction.

CSG includes sales to commercial and consumer customers of desktops, thin client products, and notebooks, as well as services and third-party software and peripherals closely tiedtransaction had no net effect to the saleCompany’s consolidated financial statements. Pivotal now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSG hardware. VMware, Inc. and Dell Technologies reports Pivotal results within the VMware reportable segment. Previously, Pivotal results were reported within Other businesses.

ISG includes servers, networking, and storage, as well as services and third-party software and peripherals that are closely tied to the sale of ISG hardware. CSG includes sales to commercial and consumer customers of desktops, thin client products, and notebooks, as well as services and third-party software and peripherals that are closely tied to the sale of CSG hardware. VMware includes a broad portfolioworks with customers in the areas of virtualization technologies across three main product groups: software-defined data center; hybrid cloud computing; and end-user computing.multi-cloud, modern applications, networking, security, and digital workspaces to enable VMware customers to digitally transform their operations as they ready their applications, infrastructure, and employees for constantly evolving business needs.


The reportable segments disclosed herein are based on information reviewed by the Company'sCompany’s management to evaluate the business segment results. The Company'sCompany’s measure of segment revenue and segment operating income for management reporting purposes excludes operating results of Other businesses, unallocated corporate transactions, the impact of other businesses, purchase accounting, amortization of intangible assets, unallocatedtransaction-related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and other corporate transactions, severance and facility action costs, and transaction-related expenses.expenses, as applicable. The Company does not allocate assets to the above reportable segments for internal reporting purposes.





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The following table presents a reconciliation of net revenue by the Company'sCompany’s reportable segments to the Company'sCompany’s consolidated net revenue as well as a reconciliation of consolidated segment operating income (loss) to the Company'sCompany’s consolidated operating income (loss): for the periods indicated:
Fiscal Year EndedFiscal Year Ended
February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
(in millions)(in millions)
Consolidated net revenue: 
    
 
  
  
Infrastructure Solutions Group$33,969
 $36,720
 $30,917
Client Solutions Group$36,754
 $35,877
 $39,634
45,838
 43,196
 39,218
Infrastructure Solutions Group21,776
 14,978
 14,714
VMware3,225
 
 
10,905
 9,741
 8,485
Reportable segment net revenue61,755
 50,855
 54,348
90,712
 89,657
 78,620
Other businesses (a)1,026
 382
 342
1,788
 1,676
 1,704
Unallocated transactions (b)41
 133
 188
1
 (9) (15)
Impact of purchase accounting (c)(1,180) (459) (736)(347) (703) (1,269)
Total net revenue$61,642
 $50,911
 $54,142
Total consolidated net revenue$92,154
 $90,621
 $79,040
          
Consolidated operating income (loss):          
Infrastructure Solutions Group$4,001
 $4,151
 $3,068
Client Solutions Group$1,845
 $1,410
 $2,051
3,138
 1,960
 2,044
Infrastructure Solutions Group2,393
 1,052
 1,230
VMware1,113
 
 
3,081
 2,926
 2,671
Reportable segment operating income5,351
 2,462
 3,281
10,220
 9,037
 7,783
Other businesses (a)(39) (78) (30)(43) (111) 13
Unallocated transactions (b)(199) (159) (434)(29) (72) (24)
Impact of purchase accounting (c)(2,294) (604) (888)(411) (820) (1,546)
Amortization of intangibles(3,681) (1,969) (2,084)(4,408) (6,138) (6,980)
Transaction-related expenses (d)(1,488) (109) (76)(285) (750) (502)
Other corporate expenses (e)
(902) (57) (85)
Total operating loss$(3,252) $(514) $(316)
Stock-based compensation expense (e)(1,262) (918) (835)
Other corporate expenses (f)(1,160) (419) (325)
Total consolidated operating income (loss)$2,622
 $(191) $(2,416)
_____________________________________
(a)Other businesses consist ofSecureworks, RSA Information Security, SecureWorks, Pivotal,Virtustream, and Boomi offerings,constitute “Other businesses” and do not constitutemeet the requirements for a reportable segment, either individually or collectively, as thecollectively. The results of theOther businesses are not material to the Company'sCompany’s overall results and the businesses do not meet the criteria for reportable segments.results.
(b)Unallocated transactions includes long-term incentives, certain short-term incentive compensation expenses, and other corporate items that are not allocated to Dell Technologies'Technologies’ reportable segments.
(c)Impact of purchase accounting includes non-cash purchase accounting adjustments that are primarily related to the EMC merger transaction, as well as the going-private transaction.
(d)Transaction-related expenses includes acquisition, integration, and integration-related costs.divestiture related costs, as well as the costs incurred in the Class V transaction.
(e)Stock-based compensation expense consists of equity awards granted based on the estimated fair value of those awards at grant date.
(f)Other corporate expenses includes impairment charges, severance, and facility action, costs as well as stock-based compensation expense.and other costs. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Virtustream impairment charges.







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The following table presents the disaggregation of net revenue by reportable segment, and by major product categories within the segments for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Net revenue: 
    
Infrastructure Solutions Group:     
Servers and networking$17,127
 $19,953
 $15,533
Storage16,842
 16,767
 15,384
Total ISG net revenue33,969
 36,720
 30,917
Client Solutions Group:     
Commercial34,277
 30,893
 27,507
Consumer11,561
 12,303
 11,711
Total CSG net revenue45,838
 43,196
 39,218
VMware:     
Total VMware net revenue10,905
 9,741
 8,485
Total segment net revenue$90,712
 $89,657
 $78,620


The following table presents net revenue by business unit categories:allocated between the United States and foreign countries for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Net revenue: 
  
  
Client Solutions Group (a):     
Commercial$26,006
 $25,747
 $28,754
Consumer10,748
 10,130
 10,880
Total CSG net revenue36,754
 35,877
 39,634
      
Infrastructure Solutions Group:     
Servers and networking12,834
 12,761
 12,368
Storage8,942
 2,217
 2,346
Total ISG net revenue21,776
 14,978
 14,714
      
VMware     
Total VMware net revenue3,225
 
 
      
Total segment net revenue$61,755
 $50,855
 $54,348
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Net revenue: 
  
  
United States$43,829
 $42,803
 $38,528
Foreign countries48,325
 47,818
 40,512
Total net revenue$92,154
 $90,621
 $79,040
_________________
(a)During the fiscal year ended February 3, 2017, the Company redefined the categories within the Client Solutions Group business unit. None of these changes impacted the Company's consolidated or total business unit results.
The following tables present net revenue andtable presents property, plant, and equipment, net allocated between the United States and foreign countries:countries as of the dates indicated:
Fiscal Year EndedJanuary 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015(in millions)
(in millions)
Net revenue: 
  
  
Property, plant, and equipment, net:   
United States$30,699
 $24,309
 $25,099
$4,322
 $4,058
Foreign countries30,943
 26,602
 29,043
1,733
 1,201
Total net revenue$61,642
 $50,911
 $54,142
Total property, plant, and equipment, net$6,055
 $5,259
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Property, plant, and equipment, net:   
United States$4,320
 $1,172
Foreign countries1,333
 477
Total property, plant, and equipment, net$5,653
 $1,649



The allocation between domestic and foreign net revenue is based on the location of the customers. Net revenue from any single foreign country did not constitute more than 10% of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated net revenue for each of the fiscal yearyears ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, or January 30, 2015.1, 2019, and February 2, 2018. Property, plant, and equipment, net from any single foreign country did not constitute more than 10% of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated property, plant, and equipment, net as of January 31, 2020 or February 3, 2017 or January 29, 2016.1, 2019.




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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO
NOTE 20 — SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)INFORMATION



NOTE 23 — ADDITIONAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Additional Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Information
The following table providespresents additional information on selected asset accounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:the dates indicated:
February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
(in millions)(in millions)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash:   
Cash and cash equivalents$9,302
 $9,676
Restricted cash - other current assets (a)730
 522
Restricted cash - other non-current assets (a)119
 42
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$10,151
 $10,240
Accounts receivable, net:      
Gross accounts receivable$9,759
 $5,046
$12,578
 $12,456
Allowance for doubtful accounts(46) (36)(94) (85)
Allowance for customer returns(293) (123)
Total accounts receivable, net9,420
 4,887
$12,484
 $12,371
Inventories, net:      
Production materials925
 657
$1,590
 $1,794
Work-in-process503
 189
563
 702
Finished goods1,110
 773
1,128
 1,153
Total inventories, net2,538
 1,619
$3,281
 $3,649
Prepaid expenses (a)   
Total prepaid expenses850
 514
Prepaid expenses:   
Total prepaid expenses (b)$885
 $795
Property, plant, and equipment, net:      
Computer equipment5,045
 762
$6,330
 $5,219
Land and buildings4,299
 919
4,700
 4,559
Machinery and other equipment3,770
 226
3,597
 3,829
Total property, plant, and equipment13,114
 1,907
14,627
 13,607
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(7,461) (258)
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (c)(8,572) (8,348)
Total property, plant, and equipment, net5,653
 1,649
$6,055
 $5,259
Accrued and other current liabilities:   
Compensation2,641
 941
Warranty liability405
 381
Income and other taxes943
 1,210
Other non-current assets:   
Deferred and other tax assets$5,960
 $654
Operating lease ROU assets1,780
 
Deferred Commissions998
 817
Other3,130
 1,685
1,690
 1,364
Total accrued and other current liabilities7,119
 4,217
Other non-current liabilities:   
Warranty liability199
 193
Unrecognized tax benefits, net3,124
 2,271
Other deferred tax liabilities5,483
 939
Other533
 98
Total other non-current liabilities$9,339
 $3,501
Total other non-current assets$10,428
 $2,835
_____________________________________
(a)Restricted cash includes cash required to be held in escrow pursuant to DFS securitization arrangements and VMware, Inc. restricted cash.
(b)Prepaid expenses are included in other current assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(c)During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, the Company recognized $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion, and $1.5 billion, respectively, in depreciation expense. Additionally, during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 1, 2019, and February 2, 2018, the Company retired $0.8 billion, $0.8 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively, of fully depreciated property, plant, and equipment.

During the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015 the Company recognized $1,158 million, $523 million, and $516 million, respectively, in depreciation expense.





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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




AdditionalThe following table presents additional information on selected liability accounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of the dates indicated:
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Accrued and other current liabilities:   
Compensation$3,717
 $3,646
Income and other taxes1,767
 1,396
Sales and marketing programs1,387
 1,209
Operating lease liabilities432
 
Warranty liability341
 355
Other2,129
 1,889
Total accrued and other current liabilities$9,773
 $8,495
Other non-current liabilities:   
Deferred and other tax liabilities$3,110
 $5,527
Operating lease liabilities1,360
 
Warranty liability155
 169
Other758
 631
Total other non-current liabilities$5,383
 $6,327


Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

The following table presents the Company’s valuation and qualifying accounts for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Trade Receivables - Allowance for doubtful accounts:     
Balance at beginning of period$85
 $103
 $57
Provision charged to income statement71
 77
 60
Bad debt write-offs(62) (95) (14)
Balance at end of period$94
 $85
 $103
      
Customer Financing Receivables - Allowance for financing receivable losses:     
Balance at beginning of period$136
 $145
 $143
Provision charged to income statement107
 95
 103
Charge-offs, net of recoveries (a)(94) (104) (101)
Balance at end of period$149
 $136
 $145
      
Tax Valuation Allowance:     
Balance at beginning of period$1,704
 $777
 $709
Charged to income tax provision32
 927
 68
Charged to other accounts(49) 
 
Balance at end of period$1,687
 $1,704
 $777
____________________
(a)Charge-offs for customer financing receivables includes principal and interest.


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Warranty Liability

The following table presents changes in the Company’s liability for standard limited warranties for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Warranty liability:     
Warranty liability at beginning of period$524
 $539
 $604
Costs accrued for new warranty contracts and changes in estimates for pre-existing warranties (a) (b)853
 856
 905
Service obligations honored(882) (871) (970)
Warranty liability at end of period$496
 $524
 $539
Current portion$341
 $355
 $367
Non-current portion$155
 $169
 $172
____________________
(a)Changes in cost estimates related to pre-existing warranties are aggregated with accruals for new standard warranty contracts. The Company’s warranty liability process does not differentiate between estimates made for pre-existing warranties and new warranty obligations.
(b)Includes the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Severance Charges

The Company incurs costs related to employee severance and records a liability for these costs when it is probable that employees will be entitled to termination benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The liability related to these actions is included in accrued and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

The following table presents the activity related to the Company’s severance liability for the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Severance liability:     
Severance liability at beginning of period$146
 $175
 $416
Severance charges to provision266
 215
 159
Cash paid and other(216) (244) (400)
Severance liability at end of period$196
 $146
 $175




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The following table presents severance charges as included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) Informationfor the periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Severance charges:     
Cost of net revenue$37
 $17
 $46
Selling, general, and administrative177
 146
 46
Research and development52
 52
 67
Total severance charges$266
 $215
 $159



Interest and other, net

The following table below provides details ofpresents information regarding interest and other, net for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015:periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Interest and other, net:     
Investment income, primarily interest$160
 $313
 $207
Gain on investments, net194
 342
 72
Interest expense(2,675) (2,488) (2,406)
Foreign exchange(162) (206) (113)
Other(143) (131) (113)
Total interest and other, net$(2,626) $(2,170) $(2,353)


Fiscal Year Ended

February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015

(in millions)
Interest and other, net:
 
 
Investment income, primarily interest$102
 $39
 $47
Gain (loss) on investments, net4
 (2) (29)
Interest expense(1,751) (680) (807)
Foreign exchange(77) (107) (76)
Debt extinguishment(337) 
 
Other(45) (22) (34)
Total interest and other, net$(2,104) $(772) $(899)






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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




Condensed Financial Information of Parent CompanyNOTE 21 —CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY


Dell Technologies Inc. has no material assets or standalone operations other than its ownership in its consolidated subsidiaries. There are restrictions under credit agreements and indentures governing the First Lien Notes and the Senior Notes, described in Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on the Company'sCompany’s ability to obtain funds from any of its subsidiaries through dividends, loans, or advances. As of February 3, 2017, January 31, 2020, the Company had certain consolidated subsidiaries that were designated as unrestricted subsidiaries for all purposes of the applicable credit agreements and such indentures. As of February 3, 2017,January 31, 2020, substantially all of the net assets of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated subsidiaries were restricted, with the exception of the Company'sCompany’s unrestricted subsidiaries, primarily VMware, Inc., Secureworks, and SecureWorks.their respective subsidiaries. Accordingly, this condensed financial information is presented on a "Parent-only"“Parent-only” basis. Under a Parent-only presentation, Dell Technologies Inc.'s’s investments in its consolidated subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting.


The following table presents the financial position of Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent) as of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016:

the dates indicated:
Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent)February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016
 (in millions)
Assets:   
Cash and cash equivalents$123
 $
Investments in subsidiaries13,412
 1,587
Other non-current assets4
 11
Total assets$13,539
 $1,598
    
Long-term debt (a)$26
 $26
Accrued and other39
 
Redeemable shares231
 106
Stockholders' equity:   
Common stock and capital in excess of $.01 par value19,447
 5,727
Retained earnings (deficit)(5,609) (3,937)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(595) (324)
Total stockholders' equity13,243
 1,466
Total liabilities, redeemable shares, and stockholders' equity$13,539
 $1,598
Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent)January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019
 (in millions)
Assets:   
Other non-current assets$
 $25
Total assets$
 $25
Liabilities:   
Short-term debt$
 $13
Guarantees of subsidiary obligations (a)945
 4,581
Total liabilities945
 4,594
Redeemable shares629
 1,196
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):   
Common stock and capital in excess of $0.01 par value16,091
 16,114
Treasury stock at cost(65) (63)
Accumulated deficit(16,891) (21,349)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(709) (467)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)(1,574) (5,765)
Total liabilities, redeemable shares, and stockholders’ equity (deficit)$
 $25
_____________________________________
(a)In connection withGuarantees of subsidiary obligations represents the acquisition of Dell bycapital Dell Technologies Dell Technologies issued a $2.0 billion subordinated note to Microsoft Global Finance, a subsidiaryInc. received in excess of Microsoft Corporation. As of February 3, 2017 and January 29, 2016, the outstanding principalcarrying amount of the Microsoft Note was $26 million, payable at maturityits investments in October 2023.subsidiaries.








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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The following table presents a reconciliation of (1) the equity in net loss of subsidiaries to the net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc., and (2)a reconciliation of consolidated net loss to comprehensive net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015.periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Equity in net loss from continuing operations of subsidiaries attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(3,684) $(1,177) $(1,049)
Equity in net income (loss) from discontinued operations of subsidiaries2,019
 64
 (113)
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.(1,665) (1,113) (1,162)
      
Parent - Interest and other, net(11) 8
 (89)
Parent - Income tax benefit4
 1
 30
Consolidated net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,672) $(1,104) $(1,221)
      
Consolidated net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,672) $(1,104) $(1,221)
Other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.(271) (353) 56
Comprehensive loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(1,943) $(1,457) $(1,165)
 Fiscal Year Ended
 January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,643
 $(2,042) $(2,844)
      
Parent - Total operating expense (a)(21) (273) 
Parent - Interest and other, net
 (20) (2)
Parent - Income tax expense (benefit) (a)6
 (25) 3
Parent - Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries$(27) $(268) $(5)
      
Consolidated net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.4,616
 (2,310) (2,849)
Other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.(242) (539) 725
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$4,374
 $(2,849) $(2,124)

____________________
(a)During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, the operating expense and the associated income tax expense (benefit) were primarily related to the costs incurred in the Class V transaction described in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




The following table presents the cash flows of Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent) for the fiscal years ended February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016, and January 30, 2015.

periods indicated:
 Fiscal Year Ended
Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent)January 31, 2020 February 1, 2019 February 2, 2018
 (in millions)
Change in cash from operating activities$(21) $(274) $(2)
      
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Transfer (to)/from subsidiary(308) 14,360
 640
Change in cash from investing activities(308) 14,360
 640
      
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Share repurchases for tax withholdings of equity awards(6) (28) (33)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock350
 2
 1
Repurchases of Class V Common Stock
 (14,000) (723)
Repayments of debt(13) (13) 
Other(2) (47) (6)
Change in cash from financing activities329
 (14,086) (761)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
 
 (123)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the period
 
 123
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period$
 $
 $

 Fiscal Year Ended
Dell Technologies Inc. (Parent)February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Change in cash from operating activities$(2) $(2) $(64)
      
Cash flow from investing activities:     
Transfer to/from subsidiary35,935
 
 
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired(39,521) 
 
Change in cash from investing activities(3,586) 
 
      
Cash flow from financing activities:     
Proceeds from the issuance of DHI Group Common Stock4,422
 
 28
Repurchases of DHI Group Common Stock(10) 
 
Repurchases of Class V Common Stock(701) 
 
Issuance of common stock under employee plans
 2
 
Proceeds from debt
 
 
Repayments of debt
 
 (1,974)
Receipt of capital from subsidiaries
 2
 2,001
Capital investment in subsidiaries
 (2) 
Change in cash from financing activities3,711
 2
 55
      
Change in cash and cash equivalents123
 
 (9)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
 
 9
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period$123
 $
 $





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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)



Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 Fiscal Year Ended
 February 3, 2017 January 29, 2016 January 30, 2015
 (in millions)
Trade Receivables - Allowance for doubtful accounts     
Balance at beginning of period$36
 $38
 $12
Provision charged to income statement43
 64
 62
Bad debt write-offs(33) (66) (36)
Balance at end of period$46
 $36
 $38
      
Trade Receivables - Allowance for customer returns     
Balance at beginning of period$123
 $130
 $107
Provision charged to income statement470
 410
 454
Sales returns(300) (417) (431)
Balance at end of period$293
 $123
 $130
      
Customer Financing Receivables - Allowance for financing receivable losses
Balance at beginning of period$176
 $194
 $215
Provision charged to income statement75
 104
 147
Charge-offs, net of recoveries (a)(108) (122) (168)
Balance at end of period$143
 $176
 $194
      
Tax Valuation Allowance     
Balance at beginning of period$816
 $432
 $399
Charged to income tax provision(488) 384
 33
Allowance acquired409
 
 
Balance at end of period$737
 $816
 $432
(a)Charge-offs to the allowance for financing receivable losses for customer financing receivables includes principal and interest.



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DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




NOTE 2422UNAUDITED QUARTERLY RESULTS


The following tables present selected unaudited consolidated statements of income (loss) for each quarter of Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016:the periods indicated:
 Fiscal 2017
 Q1 (a) Q2 (b) Q3 Q4 (c)
 (in millions, except per share data)
Net revenue$12,241
 $13,080
 $16,247
 $20,074
Gross margin$2,193
 $2,336
 $3,899
 $4,531
        
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Class V Common Stock$
 $
 $175
 $138
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to DHI Group(424) (261) (1,801) (1,518)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.(424) (261) (1,626) (1,380)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes479
 834
 (438) 1,144
Net income (loss) attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$55
 $573
 $(2,064) $(236)
        
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:       
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - basic$
 $
 $0.79
 $0.64
Continuing operations - DHI Group - basic$(1.05) $(0.65) $(3.62) $(2.68)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - basic$1.18
 $2.06
 $(0.88) $2.02
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:       
Continuing operations - Class V Common Stock - diluted$
 $
 $0.78
 $0.64
Continuing operations - DHI Group - diluted$(1.05) $(0.65) $(3.63) $(2.68)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - diluted$1.18
 $2.06
 $(0.88) $2.02
 Fiscal 2020
 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
 (in millions, except per share data)
Net revenue$21,908
 $23,370
 $22,844
 $24,032
Gross margin$6,797
 $7,326
 $7,126
 $7,684
Net income attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$293
 $3,416
 $499
 $408
Earnings per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic$0.41
 $4.75
 $0.69
 $0.56
Earnings per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted$0.38
 $4.47
 $0.66
 $0.54
_________________
 Fiscal 2019
 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 (a)
 (in millions, except per share data)
Net revenue$21,356
 $22,942
 $22,482
 $23,841
Gross margin$5,878
 $6,123
 $5,943
 $7,109
        
Net income attributable to Class V Common Stock$470
 $320
 $165
 $240
Net loss attributable to DHI Group(1,106) (819) (1,041) (539)
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(636) $(499) $(876) $(299)
        
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:       
Class V Common Stock - basic$2.36
 $1.61
 $0.83
 $1.21
DHI Group - basic$(1.95) $(1.44) $(1.84) $(0.86)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:       
Class V Common Stock - diluted$2.33
 $1.58
 $0.81
 $1.19
DHI Group - diluted$(1.95) $(1.45) $(1.84) $(0.86)
____________________
(a)The amounts presented for the three months ended April 29, 2016 are different from those previously reported on Form 10-Q primarily because DSG met the criteria for discontinued operations reporting as of June 29, 2016, and therefore the Company recast the associated financial results as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(b)The amounts presented for the three months ended July 29, 2016 are different from those previously reported on Form 10-Q because the Company reclassified an immaterial amount of financial results from discontinued operations to continuing operations to reflect the updated terms as the result of continued negotiations and finalization of terms of the sale.
(c)Income (loss) from discontinued operations forFor the three months ended February 1, 2019, net income attributable to the Class V Common Stock represents net income attributable to the Class V Group from November 3, 2017 includes2018 to December 27, 2018, the impact oflast date on which the net gainClass V Common Stock was traded on sale of the divested businesses of $1.9 billion, net of tax expense of $0.4 billion.NYSE.





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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)




 Fiscal 2016
 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
 (in millions, except per share data)
Net revenue$12,552
 $13,006
 $12,674
 $12,679
Gross margin$1,915
 $2,086
 $2,132
 $2,254
        
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(446) $(290) $(264) $(168)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes(58) 25
 84
 13
Net loss attributable to Dell Technologies Inc.$(504) $(265) $(180) $(155)
        
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - basic:       
Continuing operations - DHI Group - basic$(1.10) $(0.72) $(0.65) $(0.41)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - basic$(0.14) $0.06
 $0.21
 $0.03
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Dell Technologies Inc. - diluted:       
Continuing operations - DHI Group - diluted$(1.10) $(0.72) $(0.65) $(0.41)
Discontinued operations - DHI Group - diluted$(0.14) $0.06
 $0.21
 $0.03


NOTE 2523RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS


Dell Technologies is a large global organization whichthat engages in millions of purchase, sales, and other transactions during the fiscal year. The Company enters into purchase and sales transactions with other publicly-traded and privately-held companies, universities, hospitals, andas well as not-for-profit organizations, with whichthat could be influenced by members of the Company'sCompany’s board of directors or the Company’s executive officers are affiliated.officers. The Company enters into these arrangements in the ordinary course of its business. Transactions with related parties were immaterial for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015.February 2, 2018.

From time to time, the Company makes strategic investments in publicly-traded and privately-held companies that develop software, hardware and other technologies or provide services supporting the Company's technologies. The Company may purchase from or make sales to these organizations in the ordinary course of business.


NOTE 2624SUBSEQUENT EVENTS


Refinancing of Term Loan B FacilityRSA Security Divestiture— On March 8, 2017,February 18, 2020, Dell Technologies announced its entry into a definitive agreement with a consortium led by Symphony Technology Group, Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board and AlpInvest Partners to sell RSA Security in an all-cash transaction for approximately $2.075 billion, subject to certain closing adjustments. The transaction, which includes the Company refinancedpurchase of RSA Archer, RSA NetWitness Platform, RSA SecurID, RSA Fraud and Risk Intelligence and RSA Conference, is expected to close in six to nine months following the Term Loan B Facilityannouncement and is subject to reducecustomary conditions. The transaction is intended to further simplify Dell Technologies’ product portfolio and corporate structure.

RSA Security is included within Other Businesses and does not meet the interest rate margin by 0.75% andrequirements for a reportable segment. The transaction is not expected to increase outstanding principal by $500 million.have a material impact on the Company’s operating results or financial position.


Repayment of Margin Bridge FacilityShare Repurchase Program — On March 8, 2017,February 24, 2020, the Company applied cash proceeds from the Term Loan B Facility refinancing to repay $500 million principal amount of the Margin Bridge Facility, without premium or penalty, and accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

Amendment of Class V Common Stock Repurchase Program — On March 27, 2017, the Company'sCompany’s board of directors approved an amendment to the Class V Group Repurchase Program authorizinga stock repurchase program under which the Company to use assets of the Company's Class V Groupis authorized to repurchase up to an additional $300 million$1.0 billion of shares of the Company's Class VC Common Stock from time to time over a 24-month period expiring on February 28, 2022.

Revolving Credit Facility — In March 2020, the Company drew $3.0 billion under the Revolving Credit Facility, with the majority of six monthsthe proceeds held as cash and cash equivalents. The Company increased its borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility as a precautionary measure to increase its cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current disruption and uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the dateoutbreak of COVID-19.

Margin Loan Facility — In March 2020, due to volatility in the approval.

Stock Purchase Agreement for SaleU.S. stock market resulting from the outbreak of VMware Class A Common Stock — On March 29, 2017, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with VMware pursuant to which VMware agreed to purchase for cash $300 million ofCOVID-19, VMW Holdco LLC proactively pledged additional shares of VMware, Inc. common stock to secure its obligations under the Margin Loan Facility agreement. This resulted in an aggregate number of shares pledged of approximately 76 million shares of VMware, Inc. Class B common stock and approximately 24 million shares of VMware, Inc. Class A common stock from a subsidiary of the Company. The Company expects to apply the proceeds from the sale to the repurchase of shares of the Company's Class V Common Stock under the amended Class V Group Repurchase Program described above.stock.


Other than the matters identified above, there were no known events occurring after the balance sheet date and up until the date of the issuance of this report that would materially affect the information presented herein.





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ITEM 9 — CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE


None.


ITEM 9A — CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

This report includes the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or Exchange Act.(the “Exchange Act”). See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 filed with this report. This Item 9A includes information concerning the controls and control evaluations referred to in those certifications.

This annual report does not include a report of management's assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm in reliance on the transition period exemption established by SEC rules for newly public companies.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensureprovide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officerChief Executive Officer and the chief financial officer,Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.


In connection with the preparation of this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of February 3, 2017.January 31, 2020. Based on that evaluation, our management hasChief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of February 3, 2017.January 31, 2020.


Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d(f) under the Exchange Act) is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures which (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets, (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, (c) provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with appropriate authorization of management and the board of directors, and (d) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

In connection with the preparation of this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As a result of that evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2020.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in “Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”



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Changes in Internal Control overOver Financial Reporting


On September 7, 2016, we completed our acquisition by merger of EMC Corporation as described elsewhere in this report. Revenues of approximately $9.2 billion and net loss of approximately $2.1 billion attributable to EMC were included in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the period from September 7, 2016 through February 3, 2017.

We continue to integrate policies, processes, people, technology, and operations relating to this transaction, and will continue to evaluate the impact of any related changes to our internal control over financial reporting. Except for any changes related to the integration of EMC, thereThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended February 3, 2017January 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. During the first quarter of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, we implemented new lease reporting systems and related controls to enable us to adopt the new accounting guidance set forth in ASC 842, “Leases.”  Given the significance of these changes, we will continue to review and refine the systems, processes, and internal controls over leases, as appropriate.


Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Our system of controls is designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance regarding the reliability and integrity of accounting and financial reporting. Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be met. These inherent limitations include the following:

Judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and control and process breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes.

Controls can be circumvented by individuals, acting alone or in collusion with each other, or by management override.

The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with associated policies or procedures.

The design of a control system must reflect the fact that resources are constrained, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.



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ITEM 9B — OTHER INFORMATION


Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012None.

Set forth below is a description of matters reported by us pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. Concurrently with the filing of this annual report, we are filing a notice pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act that such matters have been disclosed in this annual report.

The information disclosed under "Part II Item 5 — Other Information" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 28, 2016 is incorporated by reference herein.

In June 2016, the Embassy of the Government of Iran located in the Republic of Ireland placed an order for Dell desktop computers, computer stands, and a server for a total purchase price of approximately 8,816 Euros (approximately $9,941 at the exchange rate for U.S. dollars at the date of such order). We did not accept the order, but such embassy subsequently deposited prepaid funds in the amount of its purchase order in a local bank for our account. These funds remain blocked at the local bank, and we do not intend to engage in future activity with respect to this matter.



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PART III


ITEM 10 — DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE


We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to our principal executive officer and our other senior financial officers. The code of ethics, which we refer to as our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, is available on the InvestorsInvestor Relations page of our website at www.delltechnologies.com.www.delltechnologies.com. To the extent required by SEC rules, we intend to disclose any amendments to this code and any waiver of a provision of the code for the benefit of any senior financial officerofficers on our website within any period that may be required under SEC rules from time to time.


See "Part“Part I — Item 1 — Business — Information about our Executive Officers of Dell Technologies"Officers” for more information about our executive officers, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 10. Other information required by this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 20172020 annual meeting of stockholders, referred to as the "2017“2020 proxy statement," which we will file with the SEC on or before 120 days after our 20172020 fiscal year-end, and which will appear in the 20172020 proxy statement under the captions "Proposal“Proposal 1 — Election of Directors"Directors” and "Additional“Additional Information — Delinquent Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance."Reports.”


The following information about the members of our board of directors and the principal occupation or employment of each director is provided as of the date of this report.
Michael S. Dell
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Dell Technologies Inc.
William D. GreenLynn Vojvodich
Public Company Director
  
David W. Dorman
Founding Partner
Centerview Capital Technology Management, L.P.
(investments)
Ellen J. Kullman
Public Company Director
  
Egon Durban
Managing PartnerCo-CEO
Silver Lake Partners
(private equity)
Simon Patterson
Managing Director
Silver Lake Partners
(private equity)
William D. Green
Public Company Director





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ITEM 11 — EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION


Information required by this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the 20172020 proxy statement, including the information in the 20172020 proxy statement appearing under the captions "Proposal“Proposal 1 — Election of Directors — Director Compensation"Compensation” and "Executive Compensation."“Compensation of Executive Officers.”


ITEM 12 — SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS


Information required by this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the 20172020 proxy statement, including the information in the 20172020 proxy statement appearing under the captions "Security“Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Executive Compensation — Equity Compensation Plans."Management.”


ITEM 13 — CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the 20172020 proxy statement, including the information in the 20172020 proxy statement appearing under the captions "Proposal“Proposal 1 — Elections of Directors"Directors” and "Additional“Additional Information — Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."


ITEM 14 — PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES


Information required by this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the 20172020 proxy statement, including the information in the 20172020 proxy statement appearing under the caption "Proposal“Proposal 2 — Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm."






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PART IV


ITEM 15 — EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES


The following documents are filed as a part of this annual report on Form 10-K:


(1)
Financial Statements: The following financial statements are filed as part of this report under "Part“Part II — Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"Data”:


Consolidated Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at January 31, 2020 and February 3, 2017 and January 29, 20161, 2019
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders'Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, February 3, 2017, January 29, 2016,1, 2019, and January 30, 2015February 2, 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


(2)
Financial Statement Schedules: The information required in the following financial statement schedules areis included in Note 2320 and Note 21 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under "Part“Part II — Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"Data”:


Schedule I — Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts


All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is otherwise included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.


Exhibits:
(3)
Exhibit
Number
Description



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101 .INS††XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101 .SCH††Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101 .CAL††Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101 .DEF††Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.


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101 .LAB††Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101 .PRE††Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (included in Exhibit 101).
_________________
Annexes, schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Dell Technologies Inc. agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted attachment to the Securities and Exchange Commission on a confidential basis upon request.
††Filed with this report.
†††Furnished with this report.
*Management contracts or compensation plans or arrangements in which directors or executive officers participate.
**Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of certain long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries are not filed. The Company agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to issuances of such long-term debt.

ITEM 16 — FORM 10-K SUMMARY


None.




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SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirementsrequirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
   
 By: /s/ MICHAEL S. DELL
  Michael S. Dell
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
  (Duly Authorized Officer)
   


Date:Date: March 31, 201727, 2020




Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated as of March 31, 2017:

27, 2020:
Signature Title
   
/s/ MICHAEL S. DELL Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Michael S. Dell (principal executive officer)
   
/s/ DAVID W. DORMAN Director
David W. Dorman  
   
/s/ EGON DURBAN Director
Egon Durban  
   
/s/ WILLIAM D. GREEN Director
William D. Green  
   
/s/ ELLEN J. KULLMAN Director
Ellen J. Kullman  
   
/s/ SIMON PATTERSON Director
Simon Patterson  
   
/s/ LYNN VOJVODICHDirector
Lynn Vojvodich
/s/ THOMAS W. SWEET Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thomas W. Sweet (principal financial officer)
   
/s/ MAYA MCREYNOLDS Senior Vice President, Corporate Finance and
Maya McReynolds Chief Accounting Officer
  (principal accounting officer)





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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit
Number
Description
2.1†Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2015, as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 16, 2016, among Denali Holding Inc. (known as Dell Technologies Inc. from and after August 25, 2016) (the “Company”), Dell Inc., Universal Acquisition Co. and EMC Corporation (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s proxy statement/prospectus, forming part of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (the “2016 Form S-4”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on June 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
3.1Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Dell Technologies Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 7, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of Dell Technologies Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 7, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.1Indenture, dated as of April 27, 1998, between Dell Computer Corporation and Chase Bank of Texas, National Association, as trustee (the “1998 Indenture”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 28, 1998) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.2Indenture, dated as of April 17, 2008, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (formerly The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A.), as trustee (including the form of notes) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 17, 2008) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.3Indenture, dated as of April 6, 2009, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commision on April 6, 2009) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.4First Supplemental Indenture, dated April 6, 2009, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 6, 2009) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.5Second Supplemental Indenture, dated June 15, 2009, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 15, 2009) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.6Third Supplemental Indenture, dated September 10, 2010, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 10, 2010) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.7Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated March 31, 2011, between Dell Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Dell Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 31, 2011) (Commission File No. 0-17017).
4.8Indenture, dated as of June 6, 2013, by and between EMC Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to EMC Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 6, 2013) (Commission File No. 001-9853).
4.9Base Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation and Diamond 2 Finance Corporation, as issuers, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.102019 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.112021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).


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4.122023 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.132026 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.142036 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.23 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.152046 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 of Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on June 3, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
4.16Base Indenture, dated as of June 22, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation and Diamond 2 Finance Corporation, as issuers, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 22, 2016) (Commission File No. 333-208524).
4.172021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 22, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 22, 2016) (Commission File No. 333-208524).
4.182024 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated June 22, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 22, 2016) (Commission File No. 333-208524).
4.19First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 6, 2016, by and among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.202019 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, 2021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, 2023 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, 2026 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, 2036 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2 and 2046 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, New Dell International LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.212019 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, 2021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, 2023 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, 2026 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, 2036 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3 and 2046 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc., Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.22Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2016, among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as the representatives of the several initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.23Joinder Agreement to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc., Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other guarantors named therein and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as the representatives of the several initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).


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4.24First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 6, 2016, by and among Diamond 1 Finance Corporation, Diamond 2 Finance Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.252021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, New Dell International LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.262021 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc., Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.272024 Notes Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, New Dell International LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.282024 Notes Supplemental Indenture No 3. dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc., Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
4.29Security Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other grantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on December 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.1*Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan (formerly known as Dell Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.2*Form of Dell Inc. Long-Term Cash Incentive and Retention Award for Fiscal 2016 awards under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.3*††Form of Dell Inc. Long-Term Cash Incentive and Retention Award Agreement, under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, between Dell Inc. and each of Jeremy Burton, Howard D. Elias and David I. Goulden.
10.4*††Form of Dell Inc. Deferred Cash Replacement Agreement under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan.
10.5*Dell Inc. Annual Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.6*Dell Inc. Special Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.7*Employment Agreement, dated October 29, 2013, by and among Dell Inc., the Company and Michael S. Dell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.8*Stock Option Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2013, between Michael S. Dell and the Company for grant to Michael S. Dell under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.9*Form of Stock Option Agreement – Performance Vesting Option for grants to executive officers under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.10*Form of Stock Option Agreement – Performance Vesting Option for grants to employees under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).


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10.11*Form of Stock Option Agreement – Time Vesting Option for grants to executive officers under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.12*Form of Stock Option Agreement – Time Vesting Option for grants to employees under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.13*Severance for Protection Period Agreement, dated March 19, 2015, between Dell Inc. and Rory P. Read (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.14*††Dell Inc. Severance Pay Plan for Executive Employees.
10.15*Protection of Sensitive Information, Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation Agreement, dated March 19, 2015, between Dell Inc. and Rory P. Read (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.16*Form of Protection of Sensitive Information, Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s 2016 Form S-4 filed with the Commission on April 11, 2016) (Registration No. 333-208524).
10.17*Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (formerly known as Denali Holding 2013 Stock Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 0-37867).
10.18*Form of Dell Time Award Agreement for Executive Officers under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.19*Form of Dell Time Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.20*Form of Dell Deferred Time Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.21*Form of Dell Performance Award Agreement for Executive Officers under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.22*Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Annual Grant) under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.23*Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Sign-On Grant) under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.24*Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Officers (Rollover Option) under the Dell Technologies Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 6, 2016) (Registration No. 333-213515).
10.25*Dell Technologies Inc. Compensation Program for Independent Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.26*††Form of Dell Technologies Inc. Deferred Cash Award Agreement.
10.27Form of Master Transaction Agreement between EMC Corporation and VMware, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to VMware, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Commission on July 9, 2007) (Registration No. 333-142368).
10.28Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., Dell International L.L.C., New Dell International LLC, Universal Acquisition Co., EMC Corporation, the issuing banks and lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Term Loan B Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N A., as Term Loan A/Revolver Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).


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10.29Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., Dell International L.L.C., New Dell International LLC, Universal Acquisition Co., EMC Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.30Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Universal Acquisition Co., EMC Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.31Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Universal Acquisition Co., EMC Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.32Collateral Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, among Dell International L.L.C., EMC Corporation, Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., the other grantors party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on December 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.33Amended and Restated Sponsor Stockholders Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell Technologies Inc., Denali Intermediate Inc., Dell Inc., EMC Corporation, Denali Finance Corp., Dell International L.L.C., Michael S. Dell, Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust, MSDC Denali Investors, L.P., MSDC Denali EIV, LLC, Silver Lake Partners III, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., Silver Lake Partners IV, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors IV, L.P. and SLP Denali Co-Invest, L.P. and the other stockholders named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.34Amended and Restated Management Stockholders Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell Technologies Inc., Michael S. Dell, Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust, MSDC Denali Investors, L.P , MSDC Denali EIV, LLC, Silver Lake Partners III, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., Silver Lake Partners IV, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors IV, L.P., SLP Denali Co-Invest, L.P. and the Management Stockholders (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.35Amended and Restated Class A Stockholders Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell Technologies Inc., Michael S. Dell, Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust, MSDC Denali Investors, L.P., MSDC Denali EIV, LLC, Silver Lake Partners III, L.P., Silver Lake Partners IV, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors IV, L.P., SLP Denali Co-Invest, L.P. and the New Class A Stockholders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to the Company’s Schedule TO filed with the Commission on September 14, 2016) (Commission File No. 005-89621).
10.36Class C Stockholders Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell Technologies Inc., Michael S. Dell, Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust, MSDC Denali Investors, L.P., MSDC Denali EIV, LLC, Silver Lake Partners III, L.P., Silver Lake Partners IV, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors IV, L.P., SLP Denali Co-Invest, L.P. and Venezio Investments Pte. Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(5) to the Company’s Schedule TO filed with the Commission on September 14, 2016) (Commission File No. 005-89621).
10.37Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2016, by and among Dell Technologies Inc., Michael S. Dell, Susan Lieberman Dell Separate Property Trust, MSDC Denali Investors, L.P., MSDC Denali EIV, LLC, Silver Lake Partners III, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., Silver Lake Partners IV, L.P., Silver Lake Technology Investors IV, L.P., SLP Denali Co-Invest, L.P., Venezio Investments Pte. Ltd and the Management Stockholders identified on Schedule I thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 9, 2016) (Commission File No. 001-37867).
10.38*††Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each member of its Board of Directors.
10.39*††Form of Indemnification Agreement between EMC Corporation and each of Jeremy Burton, Howard D. Elias and David I. Goulden.
10.40*††Form of Indemnification Agreement between Dell Inc. and each of Jeffrey W. Clarke, Marius Haas, Steven H. Price, Karen H. Quintos, Rory Read, Richard J. Rothberg and Thomas W. Sweet.
10.41*††Form of EMC Corporation Deferred Compensation Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, effective as of January 1, 2016.
10.42*††Form of Dell Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2017.
21.1††Subsidiaries of Dell Technologies Inc.


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23.1††Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm of Dell Technologies Inc.
31.1††Certification of Michael S. Dell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2††Certification of Thomas W. Sweet, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1†††Certifications of Michael S. Dell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas W. Sweet, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1††Unaudited Attributed Financial Information for Class V Group.
99.2††Tracking Stock Policy Statement regarding DHI Group and Class V Group Matters.
101 .INS††XBRL Instance Document.
101 .SCH††XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101 .CAL††XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101 .DEF††XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101 .LAB††XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101 .PRE††XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Annexes, schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Dell Technologies Inc. agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted attachment to the Securities and Exchange Commission on a confidential basis upon request.
††Filed with this report.
†††Furnished with this report.
*Management contracts or compensation plans or arrangements in which directors or executive officers participate.
**Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of certain long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries are not filed. The Company agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to issuances of such long-term debt.



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