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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
þ☑ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 20192021
or
¨


☐		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____________________ to __________________


Commission File Number: 001-36135
________________________
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland46-2616226
(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
250 Vesey Street, 15th Floor
New York, NY
(Address of principal executive offices)
10281
(Zip Code)
250 Vesey Street, 15th Floor
New York, New York, 10281
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(212) 417-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading

Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable

Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share
DTLA-PNew York Stock Exchange


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨☐ No þ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨☐ No þ☑


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ ☑No ¨☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ☑ No ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer¨
¨
Accelerated filer¨
¨
Non-accelerated filerþ☑
Smaller reporting company¨
☐
Emerging growth company¨☐


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨☐ No þ☑
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 20192021 was $0. There is no established trading market for the registrant’s shares of common equity.
As of March 20, 2020, 100%18, 2022, none of the registrant’s common stock (all of which is privately owned and is notwas traded on any public market) was held by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC.market.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None



BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20192021


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Page
PART I

3
9
23
23
26
26
Page
PART III


Business.
1
Item 1A.
Risk Factors.
5
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments.
22
Item 2.
Properties.
22
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings.
26
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
26
PART II

Item 5.
27
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data.
28
3028
5548
5649
103100
103100
103101
PART III

101
PART III

104101
108105
111108
112108
115111
PART IV


116113
Item 16.
124122
125123







Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (as set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding our operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook, as well as the outlook for North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “likely,” or negative versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.”

Although Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. (“Brookfield DTLA” or “we”) believes that its anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond its control, which may cause Brookfield DTLA’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and information.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•Risks incidental to the ownership and operation of real estate properties, including local real estate conditions;

•The impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the regions in which Brookfield DTLA or any of its subsidiaries does business, including as a result of the capacity limits imposed by both local and state governments on higher-risk activities and businesses, such as dine-in restaurants, bars, gyms and conference or convention centers, to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic;

•The ability to enter into new leases or renew leases on favorable terms;

•Business competition;

•Dependence on tenants’ financial condition;

•The use of debt to finance Brookfield DTLA’s business or that of its subsidiaries;

•The behavior of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest rates;

•Uncertainties of real estate development or redevelopment;

•Global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets;

•Risks relating to Brookfield DTLA’s insurance coverage;




•Risks relating to trends in the office real estate industry including employee work-from home arrangements;

•The possible impact of international conflicts and other developments, including terrorist acts;

•Potential environmental liabilities;

•Changes in tax laws and other tax-related risks;

•Dependence on management personnel;

•Illiquidity of investments in real estate;

•Operational and reputational risks;

•Risks related to climatic change;

•Catastrophic events, such as earthquakes or pandemics/epidemics;

•Other factors that are described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K; and

•Other risks and factors detailed from time to time in reports filed by Brookfield DTLA with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Brookfield DTLA cautions that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on Brookfield DTLA’s forward-looking statements or information, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, Brookfield DTLA undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


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PART I


As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated, tabular amounts are presented in thousands, except leasing information, percentage data and years.

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Brookfield DTLA,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries.

Item 1.Business.

Item 1.Business.

Our Company


As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Brookfield DTLA,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries.

Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. (“Brookfield DTLA” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation and was incorporated on April 19, 2013. Brookfield DTLA was formed for the purpose of consummating the transactions contemplated in the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 24, 2013, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), and the issuance of shares of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A preferred stock”) in connection with the acquisition of MPG Office Trust, Inc. and MPG Office, L.P. (together, “MPG”). Brookfield DTLA is a direct subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“DTLA Holdings”, and together with its affiliates excluding the Company and its subsidiaries, the “Manager”). DTLA Holdings is an indirect partially-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Property Partners L.P. (“BPY”), an exempted limited partnership under the Laws of Bermuda, which in turn is the flagship commercial property entity and the primary vehicle through which Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“BAM”BAM”), a corporation under the Laws of Canada, invests in real estate on a global basis. On April 1, 2021, BAM and BPY announced an agreement for BAM to acquire 100% of the limited partnership units of BPY. The acquisition was completed in July 2021 and the acquisition did not have any impact to the Company.


As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, Brookfield DTLA owned Bank of America Plaza (“BOA Plaza”), EY Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower and 777 Tower, which are Class A office properties, and FIGat7th, a retail center nestled between EY Plaza and 777 Tower, allTower. All of whichthese properties are located in the Los Angeles Central Business District (the “LACBD”). in Downtown Los Angeles, which has long been a major office district for law firms, accounting firms and government agencies.


On May 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC (“New OPFund II”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. (the “Property Owner”), the indirect property owner of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property, in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture with Brookfield DTLA FP IV Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of DTLA Holdings. See Part II, Item 8. “Financial StatementsAs of December 31, 2021, the Company’s ownership interest in the joint venture was 33.6%, a decrease from 47.8% as of December 31, 2020 as a result of additional capital contributed by Brookfield DTLA FP IV Holdings LLC to the joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Brookfield DTLA primarily receives its income from lease income, including tenant reimbursements, generated from the operations of its office and Supplementary Data—Notesretail properties, and to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4—Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture.”a lesser extent, revenue from its parking garages.


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Brookfield DTLA has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) pursuant to Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its tax period ended December 31, 2013. Brookfield DTLA conducts and intends to conduct its operations so as to continue to qualify as a REIT.

Brookfield DTLA receives its income primarily from lease income generated from the operations of its office and retail properties, and to a lesser extent, revenue from its parking garages.


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Corporate Strategy


Brookfield DTLA’s current strategy is to own and invest in commercial properties primarily in the LACBD that are of a high-quality, determined by management’s view of the certainty of receiving lease income payments generated by the tenants of those assets.


Competition


Brookfield DTLA competes in the leasing of primarily office space with a number of other real estate companies.


Principal factors of competition in our primary business of owning and operating office properties are: the quality of properties, leasing terms (including rent and other charges and allowances for tenant improvements), attractiveness and convenience of location, the quality and breadth of tenant services provided, and reputation as an owner and operator of quality office properties in the LACBD. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon, among other factors, trends in the national and local economies, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.


Segment, Geographical and Tenant Concentration Information


Segment Information—


Brookfield DTLA currently operates in a single reportable segment, which includes the operation and management of its six commercial office properties and one retail property. Each of Brookfield DTLA’s operating properties is considered a separate operating segment, as each property earns revenues and incurs expenses, individual operating results are reviewed by management and discrete financial information is available. Management does not distinguish or group Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated operations based on geography, size or type. Brookfield DTLA’s operating properties have similar economic characteristics and provide similar products and services to tenants. As a result, Brookfield DTLA’s operating properties are aggregated into a single reportable segment.


Management also views the unconsolidated real estate joint venture, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties IV LLC, as a separate operating segment. This joint venture engages in the development of the multifamily residential real estate property, 755 South Figueroa, which has different economic characteristics compared to commercial office and retail properties described above. The progress of the development project, funding requirements, projected returns and other discrete financial information of the joint venture are regularly reviewed by management to assess performance. However, since this joint venture is not considered material to the overall results of the Company, it is not a reportable segment.

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Geographical Information—


All of Brookfield DTLA’s properties are owned and our business is conducted in the state of California.


Tenant Concentration Information—


Brookfield DTLA’s properties are typically leased to high credit-rated tenants for terms ranging from five to ten years, although we also enter into some short-term as well asshorter or longer-term leases. As our entire portfolio is located in the LACBD, any specific economic changes within that location could affect our tenant base, and by extension, our profitability.


A significant portion of Brookfield DTLA’s lease income is generated by a small number of tenants.tenants. No tenant accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated lease income during the yearyears ended December 31, 2019.2021, 2020 and 2019. See Item 2. “Properties—Tenant Information.”


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During the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, BOA Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower, EY Plaza and 777 Tower each contributed more than 10% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated revenue. The revenue generated by these six properties totaled 96%95%, 98%97% and 100%96% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated revenue during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, respectively.


Government and Environmental Regulations


Brookfield DTLA’s office properties are subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas. We believe that each of our properties has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.


Our properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”) to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA, and we continue to make capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.


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Some of our properties contain, or may have contained, or are adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or currently contain, underground storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. These operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Also,In addition, some of our properties contain asbestos-containing building materials (“ACBM”). Environmental laws require that ACBM be properly managed and maintained, and may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these requirements. These laws may also allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. We can make no assurance that costs of future environmental compliance will not affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders or that such costs or other remedial measures will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. None of our recent site assessments revealed any past or present environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.


Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I or other environmental site assessments on all of the properties in our portfolio. Site assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. These assessments do not generally include soil samplings, subsurface investigations or an asbestos survey. None of the recent site assessments revealed any past or present environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.


Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

As the largest manager of Class A office properties in Downtown Los Angeles, we achieve our sustainability goals through an integrated approach based on three principles:

•Develop, operate and renovate properties to achieve optimum energy efficiency, occupant satisfaction and reduced carbon emissions.
•Incorporate innovative environmental strategies in order to achieve best-in-industry environmental performance in all new office developments.
•Seek best-in-class environmental certifications, actively participate in green industry organizations, and support new initiatives that foster the energy and resource-efficient operation of office buildings and environmentally sustainable communities and practices.

In early 2021, our properties achieved the first ever UL Healthy Buildings Verification Mark for Indoor Air Quality (“IAQ”). To earn UL Verification, we participated in a thorough, comprehensive evaluation process that included on-site inspections and IAQ testing. Each property demonstrated excellent IAQ performance in bringing outdoor air into each property with superior filtering and circulation for the health and safety of its tenants and visitors. Ours is the largest portfolio to date to achieve this designation in Los Angeles and the first in Downtown Los Angeles.

The Company strives to reduce our energy footprint across all of our properties. We understand that incorporating energy efficiency measures into both our operating properties and new developments means long-term benefits, not only for our business, but for our tenants and communities as well. As of December 31, 2021, all of our properties are Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (“LEED”) certified. LEED, which provides a framework for healthy, highly efficient, and cost-saving green buildings, is the most widely used green building rating system in the world.


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During 2021, the following energy reduction initiatives were made in our properties:

•At Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, florescent lights were replaced with light emitting diode (“LED”) lighting, which we expect to be 30% more efficient.
•At 777 Tower, lighting retrofit were completed for the entire lobby from 100W metal halides to 18W LEDs, reducing wattage by 75%. In addition, we replaced the two cooling towers’ fill material to improve efficiency by 35%.
•At Gas Company Tower, we installed a 480-V KVAR unit to reduce electricity consumption.

In addition, in 2021, BOA Plaza implemented a ground water harvesting system to offset domestic water consumption for the cooling tower make-up. We estimate the system will capture 160,000 gallons of ground water per quarter. Furthermore, at BOA Plaza, EY Plaza and 777 Tower, two active beehives were installed in each of the properties as part of the urban beekeeping honey production project. This interactive experience will allow for deeper conversations about sustainability and help to raise awareness surrounding industrial agriculture and its impact on the environment.

Insurance


Properties held by certain Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates are covered under insurance policies entered into by the Manager that provide, among other things, all risk property and business interruption coverage for BPY’s commercial portfolio with ana portfolio shared aggregate limit of $2.5 billion per occurrence as well as an aggregate limit of $437.5$495.0 million of earthquake insurance for California, and $372.5$350.0 million of flood and weather catastrophe insurance. In addition, Brookfield DTLA’s properties are covered by a terrorism insurance policy that provides a maximum of $4.0 billion per occurrence for all of BPY’s U.S. properties.properties located in the United States.


To the extent an act or acts of terrorism produce losses in excess of the limits in place, the resulting loss could have a material adverse effect on Brookfield DTLA’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. Brookfield DTLA is in compliance with the contractual obligations regarding terrorism insurance contained in such policies. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Factors—Insurance may not cover some potential losses or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.”


Employees


As of December 31, 2019,2021, Brookfield DTLA had no employees. The operations and activities of Brookfield DTLA are externally managed by employees of the Manager.


Corporate Offices


BPY owns the building in which Brookfield DTLA’s operations are managed: 250 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281, telephone number 212-417-7000.


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Available Information


Brookfield DTLA files its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements (if any), Information Statements and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All reports we file with the SEC are available free of charge via EDGAR through the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov and on the Company’s website, http://www.dtlaofficefund.com, under “Reports & Filings—SEC Filings” as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Such filings are also available in print to any person who sends a written request to that effect to the attention of Michelle L. Campbell, Senior Vice President, Secretary, and Director, Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc., 250 Vesey Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10281.


We have included the web addresses of Brookfield DTLA and the SEC as inactive textual references only. Except as specifically incorporated by reference into this document, information on these websites is not part of this document.


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Item 1A.Risk Factors.

Item 1A.Risk Factors.
Factors That May Affect Future Results
(Cautionary Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995)

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (as set forth in Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding our operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook, as well as the outlook for North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “likely,” or negative versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.”

Although Brookfield DTLA believes that its anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond its control, which may cause Brookfield DTLA’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and information.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

Risks generally incident to the ownership of real property, including the ability to retain tenants and rent space upon lease expirations, the financial condition and solvency of our tenants, the relative illiquidity of real estate and changes in real estate taxes, regulatory compliance costs and other operating expenses;

Risks associated with the Downtown Los Angeles market, which is characterized by challenging leasing conditions, including limited numbers of new tenants coming into the market and the downsizing of large tenants in the market such as accounting firms, banks and law firms;

Risks related to increased competition for tenants in the Downtown Los Angeles market, including aggressive attempts by competing landlords to fill large vacancies by providing tenants with lower rental rates, increasing amounts of free rent and providing larger allowances for tenant improvements;


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The impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the regions in which Brookfield DTLA or any of its subsidiaries does business;

The use of debt to finance Brookfield DTLA’s business or that of its subsidiaries;

The behavior of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest rates;

Uncertainties of real estate development or redevelopment;

Global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets;

Risks relating to Brookfield DTLA’s insurance coverage;

The possible impact of international conflicts and other developments, including terrorist acts;

Potential environmental liabilities;

Dependence on management personnel;

The ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations and the ability to attain expected benefits therefrom;

Operational and reputational risks;

Catastrophic events, such as pandemics, earthquakes and hurricanes; and

The impact of legislative, regulatory and competitive changes and other risk factors relating to the real estate industry, as detailed from time to time in the reports of Brookfield DTLA filed with the SEC.

Brookfield DTLA cautions that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on Brookfield DTLA’s forward-looking statements or information, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, Brookfield DTLA undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


The following is a discussion of the risk factors that Brookfield DTLA’s management believes are material to Brookfield DTLA at this time. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing Brookfield DTLA and there may be additional matters that Brookfield DTLA is unaware of or that Brookfield DTLA currently considers immaterial. In addition to the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the matters addressed above, you should carefully consider the following risk factors. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed, the market value of the Series A preferred stock could decline and stockholders could lose part or all of their investment.


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As used in this section, the terms “Brookfield DTLA,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to Brookfield DTLA together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and the term “stockholders” means holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock.


RISKS RELATED TO THE OWNERSHIP OF BROOKFIELD DTLA SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK


Brookfield DTLA is dependent upon the assets and operations of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Brookfield DTLA is a holding company and does not own any material assets other than the equity interests of its subsidiaries, which conduct all of the Company’s operations. As a result, distributions or advances from the Company’s subsidiaries will be the primary source of funds available to meet the obligations of the Company, including any obligation to pay dividends, if declared, or other distributions in respect of the Series A preferred stock. Our current and future obligations and liabilities may limit, and the terms of certain of the equity interests issued in connection with the transactions immediately following the consummation of the merger will limit, the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock.


Brookfield DTLA’s subsidiaries have issued, and may in the future issue, equity securities that are senior to the equity interests of such subsidiary that are owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. The respective organizational documents of Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries generally do not restrict the issuance of debt or equity by any of Brookfield DTLA’s subsidiaries, and any such issuance may adversely impact the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock. As part of the transactions immediately following the consummation of the merger with MPG, subsidiaries of the Company issued equity interests that rank senior to the equity securities of such subsidiaries held indirectly by Brookfield DTLA, and as a result, effectively rank senior to the Series A preferred stock. Additionally, at the time of the merger with MPG, DTLA Holdings made a commitment to contribute up to $260.0 million in cash or property to New OP,Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC for which it will be entitled to receive a preferred return. Effective November 2020, pursuant to the Amendment to Limited Liability Company Agreement of Fund II, such contribution commitment increased by $50.0 million to $310.0 million. As of December 31, 2019 and the date of this report, $44.52021, $21.2 million is available to the Company under this commitment for future funding.


The Series B preferred interest in New OPFund II held by DTLA Holdings is effectively senior to the interest in New OPFund II held by Brookfield DTLA and has a priority on distributions senior to the equity securities of such subsidiaries held indirectly by Brookfield DTLA and, as a result, effectively rank senior to the Series A preferred stock. The Series B preferred interest in New OPFund II may limit the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock.



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In addition, the amount of cash Brookfield DTLA currently generates from its operations is not sufficient to cover its operating, financing and investing activities, resulting in “negative cash burn,” and there can be no assurance that the amount of Brookfield DTLA’s negative cash burn will decrease, or that it will not increase, in the future. If Brookfield DTLA’s operating cash flows and capital are not sufficient to cover its operating costs or to repay its indebtedness as it comes due, we may issue additional debt and/or equity, including to affiliates of Brookfield DTLA, which could further adversely impact the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock. In many cases, such securities may be issued if authorized by the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA without the approval of holders of the Series A preferred stock.


The Series A preferred stock effectively ranks junior to any indebtedness of Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries. The Series A preferred stock effectively ranks junior to the indebtedness of Brookfield DTLA or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries. Holders of the Series A preferred stock do not have the right to prevent us from incurring additional indebtedness. As a result, we could become more leveraged, which may increase debt service costs and could adversely affect our cash flows, results of operations, financial condition, and the availability of funds for dividends or distributions to holders of Brookfield DTLA’s capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock.


The Series A preferred stock has no stated maturity date, Brookfield DTLA is not obligated to declare and pay dividends on the Series A preferred stock, and Brookfield DTLA may never again declare dividends on the Series A preferred stock. The Series A preferred stock has no stated maturity date, and accordingly, could remain outstanding indefinitely. In addition, while the Series A preferred stock will accumulate dividends at the stated rate (whether or not authorized by the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA and declared by the Company), there is no requirement that Brookfield DTLA declare and pay dividends on the Series A preferred stock, and except for a one time dividend of $2.25 per share of Series A preferred stock that was paid in connection with the settlement on a class-wide basis of the litigation brought in Maryland State Court and styled as In re MPG Office Trust Inc. Preferred Shareholder Litigation, Case No. 24-C-13-004097, Brookfield DTLA has not, and may not in the future, declare and pay dividends on the Series A preferred stock.


Brookfield DTLA’s ability to pay dividends is limited by the requirements of Maryland law. Brookfield DTLA’s ability to pay dividends on the Series A preferred stock is limited by the laws of the State of Maryland. Under Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”), a Maryland corporation generally may not make a distribution if, after giving effect to the distribution, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as the debts become due in the usual course of business or the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus all prior liquidation preferences (unless the charter of the corporation provides otherwise). Accordingly, with limited exception, Brookfield DTLA may not make a distribution (including a dividend payment or redemption) on the Series A preferred stock if, after giving effect to the distribution, Brookfield DTLA may not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business or its total assets would be less than the sum of Brookfield DTLA’s total liabilities plus prior liquidation preferences, if any. Due to the foregoing limitations, there can be no assurance that, if Brookfield DTLA desires to declare and pay dividends in the future, that it would be legally permissible for the Company to do so.



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There was no established trading market for shares of the Series A preferred stock at the time of issuance and the shares may be delisted and deregistered in the future. The Series A preferred stock was issued in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and there was no established trading market for the shares of Series A preferred stock.


Although the Series A preferred stock is currently registered under the Exchange Act and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Brookfield DTLA may apply for delisting of the Series A preferred stock in the future provided the requirements for delisting are met. If the Series A preferred stock is delisted, the market for the shares of Series A preferred stock could be adversely affected, though price quotations for the shares of Series A preferred stock might still be available from other sources. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, the registration may be terminated if the shares are not listed on a national securities exchange and there are fewer than 300 holders. The extent of the public market for the Series A preferred stock and availability of such quotations would depend upon such factors as the number of holders and/or the aggregate market value of the publicly held shares of Series A preferred stock at such time, the interest in maintaining a market in the Series A preferred stock on the part of securities firms, the possible termination of registration of the Series A preferred stock under the Exchange Act and other factors. Termination of registration would substantially reduce the information required to be furnished to holders of the Series A preferred stock.


Brookfield DTLA’s charter contains provisions that may delay, defer or prevent transactions that may be beneficial to holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. Brookfield DTLA’s charter contains provisions that are intended to, among other purposes, assist it in qualifying as a REIT. The charter provides that subject to certain exceptions, including exemptions that may be granted by the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA under certain circumstances, no person or entity may beneficially own or constructively own more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of Brookfield DTLA’s common stock or Series A preferred stock. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of Brookfield DTLA’s common stock or Series A preferred stock in excess of the applicable ownership limit without the consent of the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA either will result in the shares being transferred by operation of the charter to a charitable trust, and the person who attempted to acquire such shares will not have any rights in such shares, or in the transfer being void. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interests to conduct its operations so as to continue to qualify as a REIT or if the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA determines that such restrictions are no longer necessary to maintain REIT status. The ownership limit may delay or impede a transaction or a change in control that might be in the best interests of Brookfield DTLA’s stockholders, including holders of the Series A preferred stock.



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Brookfield DTLA may authorize and issue capital stock without the approval of holders of the Series A preferred stock. While Brookfield DTLA may not, without a vote of the holders of the Series A preferred stock, authorize, create, issue or increase the authorized or issued amount of any class of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A preferred stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of Brookfield DTLA, its charter authorizes the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA, without any action by its stockholders, to (i) amend the charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that Brookfield DTLA has the authority to issue, (ii) issue authorized but unissued shares of common stock or Series A preferred stock, and (iii) classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or Series A preferred stock and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of such classified or unclassified shares. There can be no assurance that the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA will not establish additional classes and/or series of capital stock that would delay, defer or prevent a transaction that may be in the best interests of its stockholders, including holders of the Series A preferred stock.


Holders of the Series A preferred stock have limited voting rights. DTLA Holdings owns 100% of the outstanding shares of Brookfield DTLA’s common stock and controls 100% of the aggregate voting power of the Company’s capital stock, except that holders of the Series A preferred stock have voting rights, under certain circumstances, (1) to elect two preferred directors to the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA (referred to as preferred directors) and (2) with respect to (i) the creation of additional classes or series of preferred stock that are senior to the Series A preferred stock and (ii) an amendment of its charter (whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or otherwise) that would materially adversely affect the rights of holders of the Series A preferred stock. By virtue of their limited voting rights, holders of the Series A preferred stock have limited control over the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters that Brookfield DTLA confronts.


Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control. Certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire the Company or of impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interests of Brookfield DTLA’s stockholders, including: (1) “business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between Brookfield DTLA and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting stock of Brookfield DTLA or any affiliate or associate who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of Brookfield DTLA) or an affiliate thereof for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter imposes special appraisal rights and supermajority stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and (2) “control share” provisions that provide that a holder of “control shares” of Brookfield DTLA (defined as shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) has no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent approved by Brookfield DTLA’s stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. Brookfield DTLA has opted out of these provisions of the MGCL, in the case of the business combination provisions of the MGCL by resolution of the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA, and in the case of the control

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share provisions of the MGCL pursuant to a provision in its bylaws. However, the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL and Brookfield DTLA may, by amendment to its bylaws, opt in to the control share
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provisions of the MGCL in the future. In addition, provided that Brookfield DTLA has a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors, Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits Brookfield DTLA to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA and notwithstanding any contrary provision in its charter or bylaws, to certain provisions, including, among other provisions, a classified board of directors and a requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred. Brookfield DTLA’s charter and bylaws and the MGCL also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might otherwise be in the best interests of its stockholders, including holders of the Series A preferred stock.


The Manager controls the management and operations of Brookfield DTLA. The Company does not directly employ any of the persons responsible for managing its business or operations. The Manager, through DTLA Holdings, manages the operations and activities, and controls Brookfield DTLA, including the power to vote to elect all members of the board of directors (other than the preferred directors). By virtue of its control of and substantial ownership in Brookfield DTLA, the Manager has significant influence over the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters that Brookfield DTLA confronts. Subject to any limitations contained in Brookfield DTLA’s charter, bylaws or as may be required by applicable law, holders of the Series A preferred stock will be unable to block any such matter in their capacity as stockholders or through their representation under certain circumstances, if any, by up to two directors on the board of directors (which directors are not a majority of the members comprising the board of directors).


There may be conflicts of interest in Brookfield DTLA’s relationship with the Manager. Certain subsidiaries of Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries have entered or may enter into arrangements with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager provides property management and various other services. In consideration for the services provided under these arrangements, the Manager is paid fees by Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries. In addition, the Manager may enter into additional arrangements, including additional service agreements, with Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries. There can be no assurance that these agreements will be made on terms that will be at least as favorable to Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries as those that could have been obtained in an arm’s length transaction between parties that are not affiliated. Accordingly, these agreements may involve conflicts between the interests of the Manager, on the one hand, and Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries, on the other hand.


Members of Brookfield DTLA’s management team have competing duties to other entities. Brookfield DTLA’s executive officers are employees of the Manager and therefore do not spend all of their time managing the Company’s activities and real estate portfolio. Many of Brookfield DTLA’s executive officers allocate most of their time to other businesses and activities. None of these individuals is required to devote a specific amount of time to Brookfield DTLA’s affairs. Accordingly, Brookfield DTLA competes with BPY and BAM, their affiliates and possibly other entities for the time and attention of these officers.



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COMPANY AND REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY RISKS


Brookfield DTLA’s current strategy is to ownThe Company’s business, results of operations and invest in commercial properties primarilyfinancial condition have been adversely affected and could in the LACBD that arefuture be materially adversely affected by the ongoing global pandemic of a high-quality, determined by management’s viewnovel strain of the certainty of receiving lease income generatedcoronavirus. Since early 2020, the world has been and continues to be impacted by COVID-19 and its variants. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by the tenantsstate and local governments in response continue to adversely affect the Company’s business, results of those assets. However, Brookfield DTLA is subject to various risks specific to its portfolio,operations and financial condition. Following the geographiesoutbreak of the pandemic, higher-risk activities and businesses such as indoor dining, bars, fitness centers and movie theaters were shut down statewide in which it operates andCalifornia. Many states, including California where itsour properties are located, have implemented “stay-at-home” restrictions to help combat the spread of COVID-19. In December 2020, the U.S. began a large-scale COVID-19 vaccination campaign. On June 15, 2021, as California fully reopened its economy, restrictions such as physical distancing, capacity limits and those inherentthe county tier system were lifted (the “Reopening”). However, since the Reopening, the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants brought uncertainty to the economic recovery and many office tenants revised their return-to-office plans in response to the commercial property business generally. In evaluating Brookfield DTLAsoaring case counts.

Prior to the Reopening, our tenants in FIGat7th, which include retail shops, restaurants and a big box gym, experienced the most immediate impact of the restrictions imposed. While our office properties have remained open, most of our office tenants have been working remotely since the “stay-at-home” order was issued in March 2020.

The Company is continuing to monitor the situation and take appropriate actions in accordance with the recommendations and requirements of relevant authorities. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances surrounding COVID-19, it is difficult to predict how significant the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any responses to it, will be on the Company or for how long disruptions are likely to continue. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, rapidly evolving and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity and transmissibility of this coronavirus and its variants and actions taken to contain COVID-19 or its impact. Such developments, depending on their nature, duration, and intensity, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Additional future impacts and material adverse effect on the following challenges, uncertaintiesCompany may include, but are not limited to:

•A complete or partial closure of, or other operational issues at, one or more of our properties resulting from government or tenant action;
•A slowdown in business activity may severely impact our tenants’ businesses, financial condition and risks shouldliquidity and may cause one or more of our tenants to be consideredunable to fund their business operations, meet their obligations to us in additionfull, or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations;
•tenants may reassess their long-term physical space needs as a result of potential trends arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increasing numbers of employees working from home, increased shopping through e-commerce, technological innovations and new norms regarding physical space needs;
•An increase in re-leasing timelines, potential delays in lease-up of vacant space and the market rates at which such leases will be executed;
•Reduced economic activity could result in a prolonged recession, which could negatively impact consumer discretionary spending and demand; and
•Expected completion dates for our construction projects may be subject to delay as a result of local economic conditions that may continue to be disrupted as a result of the measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic.
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To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other information containedrisks described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:10-K.


We may be adversely affected by trends in the office real estate industry. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, some businesses increasingly permit employees to work from home, flexible work schedules, open workplaces, videoconferences and teleconferences. There is also an increasing trend of businesses utilizing shared office and co-working spaces. These practices enable businesses to reduce their space requirements. These trends could over time erode the overall demand for office space and, in turn, place downward pressure on occupancy, rental rates and property valuations. A reduced demand for office space could have an adverse impact on our business, cash flows, operating results and financial condition.

Brookfield DTLA’s economic performance and the value of its real estate assets are subject to the risks incidental to the ownership and operation of real estate properties. Brookfield DTLA’s economic performance, the value of its real estate assets and, therefore, the value of the Series A preferred stock, is subject to the risks normally associated with the ownership and operation of real estate properties, including but not limited to: downturns and trends in the national, regional and local economic conditions where our properties are located; global economic conditions; the cyclical nature of the real estate industry; adverse economic or real estate developments in Southern California, particularly in the LACBD; local real estate market conditions such as an oversupply of office properties, including space available by sublease, or a reduction in demand for such properties;conditions; our liquidity situation, including our failure to obtain additional capital or extend or refinance debt maturities on favorable terms or at all; changes in interest rates and the availability of financing; competition from other properties; changes in market rental rates and our ability to rent space on favorable terms; the bankruptcy, insolvency, credit deterioration or other default of our tenants; the need to periodically renovate, repair and re-lease space and the costs thereof; our failure to qualify as and to maintain our status as a REIT or the status of certain of our subsidiaries as REITs; increases in maintenance, insurance and operating costs; civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters, or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses; a decrease in the attractiveness of our properties to tenants; a decrease in the underlying value of our properties; and certain significant expenditures, including property taxes, maintenance costs, debt payments, insurance costs and related charges that must be made regardless of whether or not a property is producing sufficient income to service these expenses.


The results of our business and our financial condition are significantly dependent on the economic conditions and demand for office space in southern California. All of Brookfield DTLA’s properties are located in Los Angeles County, California in the LACBD, which may expose us to greater economic risks than if most of our properties were located in a different geographic region or more geographic regions. Moreover, because our portfolio of properties consists primarily of office buildings, a decrease in the demand for office space (especially Class A office space),space, particularly in the LACBD, may have a greater adverse effect on our business and financial condition than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. We are susceptible to adverse developments in the markets for office space, particularly in Southern California. Such adverse developments could include oversupply of or reduced demand for office space; declines in property values; business layoffs, downsizings, relocations or industry slowdowns affecting tenants of our properties; changing demographics; increased telecommuting; terrorist targeting of or acts of war against high-rise structures; infrastructure quality; California state budgetary constraints and priorities; increases in real estate and other taxes; costs of complying with state, local and federal

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government regulations or increased regulation and other factors. In addition, the State of California is generally regarded as more litigious and more highly regulated and taxed than many other U.S. states, which may adversely impact the market, including the demand for, office space in California. There can be no assurance as to the growth of the Southern California or the national economy or our future growth rate.


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U.S. economic conditions are uncertain. In particular, volatility in the U.S. and international capital markets and the condition of the California economy may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, as well as the liquidity and financial condition of tenants in our properties.


Brookfield DTLA’s inability to enter into renewal or new leases on favorable terms for all or a substantial portion of space that will be subject to expiring leases would adversely affect our cash flows, operating results and financial condition. Our income-producing properties generate revenue through rental payments made by tenants of the properties. Upon the expiry of any lease, there can be no assurance that the lease will be renewed or the tenant replaced. The terms of any lease renewal or extension, or of any new lease for such space may be less favorable to us than the existing lease, and may be less favorable to us than prevailing market terms for similar leases in the relevant market. We would be adversely affected, in particular, if any significant tenant ceases to be a tenant and cannot be replaced on similar or better terms or at all.


Competition may adversely affect Brookfield DTLA’s ability to lease available space in its properties. Other developers, managers and owners of office properties compete with us in seeking tenants. Some of the properties of our competitors may be newer, better located or better capitalized than the properties we own. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to make space available at lower prices than the space in our properties, particularly if there is an oversupply of space available in the market. Competition for tenants could have an adverse effect on our ability to lease our properties and on the rents that we may charge or concessions that we may grant. If our competitors adversely impact our ability to lease our properties, our cash flows, operating results and financial condition may suffer.


Our ability to realize our strategies and capitalize on our competitive strengths will depend on our ability to effectively operate our properties, maintain good relationships with tenants and remain well capitalized, and our failure to do any of the foregoing could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively in the markets in which we do business.


Reliance on significant tenants could adversely affect Brookfield DTLA’s operating results and financial condition. Many of our properties are occupied by one or more significant tenants and our revenues from those properties are materially dependent on the creditworthiness and financial stability of those tenants. Our business would be adversely affected if any of those tenants failed to renew certain of their significant leases, became insolvent, declared bankruptcy or otherwise refused to pay rent in a timely fashion or at all. In the event of a default by one or more of our significant tenants, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the property. If a lease with a significant tenant is terminated, it may be difficult, costly and time consuming to attract new tenants and lease the property for the rent and on terms as favorable as the previous lease or at all.


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Brookfield DTLA could be adversely impacted by tenant defaults, bankruptcies or insolvencies. Brookfield DTLA owns, operates and manages commercial office and retail properties in the LACBD and receives its income primarily from lease income generated from tenants of those properties. Tenants of our properties may experience a downturn in their business from the effects of the recent outbreakmeasures taken to combat the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID–19”),the COVID-19 pandemic, which could cause the loss of tenants or weaken their financial condition and result in the tenants’ inability to make lease payments when due or require rent concessions. If a tenant defaults, we may experience delays and incur costs in enforcing our rights as landlord and protecting our investments. If any tenant becomes a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, we cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. In addition, the bankruptcy court may authorize a tenant to reject and terminate its lease. In such a case, our claim against the tenant for unpaid, future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent owed under the lease. In any event, it is unlikely that a bankrupt or insolvent tenant will pay in full the amounts it owes under a lease. The loss of lease payments from tenants and costs of re-leasing would adversely affect our cash flows, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the loss of a significant tenant could cause harm to our reputation. In the event of a significant number of lease defaults and/or tenant bankruptcies, it may be difficult, costly and time consuming to attract new tenants and lease the space for the rent and on terms as favorable as the previous leases or at all. The loss of lease payments from tenants and costs of re-leasing would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, and our cash flows may not be sufficient to meet all of our obligations and liabilities.


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There are numerous risks associated with the use of debt to finance our business, including refinancing riskand interest rate risks. Brookfield DTLA incurs debt in the ordinary course of its business and therefore is subject to the risks associated with debt financing. These risks, including the following, may adversely impact our operating results and financial condition: our cash flows may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to pay operating expenses;expenses and meet all of our other obligations; for our variable-rate debt, there can be no assurance that the benchmarks on which these debt is based will not increase in the future and there is can no assurance that we will hedge such exposure effectively or at all in the future; we may not be able to refinance indebtedness on our properties at maturity due to business and market factors (including: disruptions and volatility in the capital and credit markets, the estimated cash flows of our properties, and the value (or appraised value) of our properties); financial, competitive, business and other factors, including factors beyond our control; and if refinanced, the terms of a refinancing may not be as favorable to us as the original terms of the related indebtedness. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, we may need to dispose of one or more of our properties on disadvantageous terms. In addition,The prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing could increase our interest expense, and if we mortgage property to secure payment of indebtedness and are unable to make the debt payments, the lender could foreclose upon such property or appoint a receiver to receive an assignment of our rents and leases.expense.

If we are unable to manage our interest rate risk efficiently, our cash flows and operating results may suffer. Some of our indebtedness bears interest at a variable rate and we may in the future incur additional variable-rate indebtedness. In addition, we may be required to refinance our debt at higher rates. There can be no assurance that the benchmarks on which our variable-rate indebtedness is based will not increase or that interest rates available for any refinancing in the future will not be higher than the debt being refinanced. Increases in such rates will increase our interest expense and could have an adverse impact on our cash flows and operating results. In addition, though we will attempt to manage interest rate risk, there can be no assurance that we will hedge such exposure effectively or at all in the future. Accordingly, increases in interest rates above what we anticipate based upon historical trends would adversely affect our cash flows and operating results.


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Our substantial indebtedness may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, and may limit our flexibility to operate our business. Brookfield DTLA currently has aggregate consolidated indebtedness totaling $2.2 billion. After payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness, we may not have sufficient cash resources to operate our properties or meet all of our other obligations. Certain of our indebtedness include lockbox and other cash management provisions, which, under certain circumstances, could limit our ability to utilize available cash flows from the relevant properties. There can be no assurance that terms of debt we incur in the future or modifications to existing debt will not significantly limit our operating and financial flexibility, which may in turn limit our ability to efficiently respond and adapt to changes or competition in our business.


If we are unable to extend, refinance or repay the debt secured by our properties at maturity, we could default on such debt, which may permit the lenders to foreclose on the applicable property. Proceeds from any disposition of a foreclosed property may not be sufficient to repay the full amount of the underlying debt. If we are unable to extend, refinance or repay our debt as it comes due, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. If we are unable to refinance our debt as it matures on acceptable terms, or at all, we may need to dispose of one or more of our properties on disadvantageous terms. Furthermore, even if we are able to obtain extensions on or refinance our existing debt, such extensions or new debt may include operational and financial covenants significantly more restrictive than our current debt covenants and may limit the operation or growth of our business.


Restrictive covenants in indebtednessThe alteration or discontinuation of LIBOR may limit management’s discretion with respect to certain business matters. Instruments governing our indebtedness may contain restrictive covenants limiting our discretion with respect to certain business matters. These covenants could place significant restrictions on our ability to, among other things, create liens or other encumbrances, pay dividends or make distributions on Brookfield DTLA’s capital stock (including the Series A preferred stock), make certain other payments, investments, loans and guarantees and sell or otherwise dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with another entity. These covenants could also require us to meet certain financial ratios and financial condition tests. Failure to comply with any such covenants could result in a default which, if not cured or waived, could result in acceleration of the relevant indebtedness.

Increasing utility costs in California may have an adverse effect on our operating results and occupancy levels. The State of California continues to experience issues related to the supply of electricity, water and natural gas. In recent years, shortages of electricity and natural gas have resulted in increased costs for consumers and certain interruptions in service. Increased consumer costs and consumer perception that the State of California is not able to effectively manage its utility needs may reduce demand for leased space in California office properties. A significant reduction in demand for office space could adversely affect our borrowing costs. The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, previously announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In response, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to USD-LIBOR in derivatives and other financial conditioncontracts. In November 2020, the Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”) Benchmark Administration Limited, the benchmark administrator for USD-LIBOR rates, proposed extending the publication of certain commonly-used USD-LIBOR settings until June 30, 2023 and resultsthe FCA issued a statement supporting such proposal. In connection with this proposal, certain U.S. banking regulators issued guidance strongly encouraging banks to generally cease entering into new contracts referencing USD-LIBOR as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021. It is not possible to predict the effect of operations.these changes, including when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets. We have outstanding variable debt and interest rate cap contracts that are indexed to LIBOR. If LIBOR changes or is replaced, the interest rates on our debt which is indexed to USD-LIBOR will be determined using a different successor rate, which may adversely affect interest expense and may result in interest obligations which are more than the payments that would have been made on such debt if USD-LIBOR was available in its current form.


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Because real estate investments are illiquid, we may not be able to sell properties when appropriate or desired. Large and high quality office properties like the ones that we own can be hard to sell, especially if local market conditions are poor. Such illiquidity could limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changing economic or investment conditions. Additionally, financial difficulties of other property owners resulting in distressed sales could depress real estate values in the market in which we operate during times of illiquidity. These restrictions could reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.



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Insurance may not cover some potential losses or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. operations. The Manager maintains insurance on Brookfield DTLA’s properties in amounts and with deductibles that it believes are in line with coverage maintained by owners of similar types of properties; however, the insurance maintained by the Manager may not cover all potential losses Brookfield DTLA might experience. There also are certain types of risks (such as war or acts of terrorism, or environmental contamination, such as toxic mold) that are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should any uninsured or underinsured loss occur, the Company could lose its investment in, and anticipated profits and cash flows from, one or more of its properties, and would continue to be obligated to repay any recourse indebtedness on such properties. Any of these events could adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.


We are subject to possible environmental liabilities and other possible liabilities. As an owner and manager of real property, we are subject to various laws relating to environmental matters. These laws could hold us liable for the costs of removal and remediation of certain hazardous substances or wastes present in our buildings, released or deposited on or in our properties or disposed of at other locations. These costs could be significant and would reduce cash available for our business. The failure to remove or remediate such substances could adversely affect our ability to sell our properties or our ability to borrow using real estate as collateral, and could potentially result in claims or other proceedings against us.

Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of ACBM in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (“PCBs”) and underground storage tanks are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or tanks or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from our properties.

If excessive moisture accumulates in our buildings or on our building materials, it may trigger mold growth. Mold may emit airborne toxins or irritants. Inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination and other biological contaminants (including pollen, viruses and bacteria) could also impair indoor air quality at our buildings. Impaired indoor air quality may cause a variety of adverse health effects, such as allergic reactions. If mold or other airborne contaminants exist or appear at our properties, we may have to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the contaminants or increase indoor ventilation. If indoor air quality were impaired, we may have to temporarily relocate some or all of a property’s tenants and could be liable to our tenants, their employees or others for property damage and/or personal injury.

Some of the properties that we own contain ACBM and we could be liable for such fines or penalties. We cannot assure our stockholders, including holders of the Series A preferred stock, that costs of future environmental compliance will not affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, including distributions or dividends on the Series A preferred stock, or such that costs or other remedial measures will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets or results of operations.


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Environmental laws and regulations can change rapidly and we may become subject to more stringent environmental laws and regulations in the future. Compliancecompliance with more stringent environmental laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.


Regulations under building codes and human rights codes generally require that public buildings, including office buildings, be made accessible to disabled persons. Non-compliance could result in the imposition of fines by the government or the award of damages to private litigants. If we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties to comply with these codes, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.


We may also incur significant costs complying with other regulations. Our properties are subject to various federal, state, provincial and local regulatory requirements, such as state, and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. Existing requirements may change and compliance with future requirements may require significant unanticipated expenditures that could affect our cash flows and results from operations.


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Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose us to liability related to environmental matters, which may exceed our environmental insurance coverage limits. Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I or other environmental site assessments on all of the properties in our portfolio. Site assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. These assessments do not generally include soil samplings, subsurface investigations or an asbestos survey, and the assessments may fail to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns.


In connection with its due diligence of MPG prior to entering into the Merger Agreement, initial environmental tests were conducted at certain of MPG’s Downtown Los Angeles properties and a widely used commercial building material used in certain of MPG’s Downtown Los Angeles properties was found to contain ACBM. None of the recent site assessments revealed any past or present environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, assets or results of operations. However, the assessments may have failed to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may have arisen after the review was completed or may arise in the future and future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability.


Losses resulting from the breach of our loan document representations related to environmental issues or hazardous substances will generally be recourse to Brookfield DTLA or one of its subsidiaries pursuant to “non-recourse carve out” guarantees and therefore present a risk to Brookfield DTLA should a special purpose property-owning subsidiary of DTLA Holdings be unable to cover such a loss. We cannot assure our stockholders that costs of future environmental compliance will not affect our ability to pay dividends or distributions to our stockholders, including on the Series A preferred stock, or such costs or other remedial measures will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets or results of operations.



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We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud, other illegal acts or inadequate or failed internal processes or systems. We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud or other illegal acts or inadequate or failed internal processes or systems. We rely on our employees to follow our policies and processes as well as applicable laws in their activities. Risk of illegal acts or failed systems are managed through our infrastructure, controls, systems, policies and people, complemented by central groups focusing on enterprise-wide management of specific operational risks such as fraud, trading, outsourcing, and business disruption, as well as people and systems risks. Failure to manage these risks can result in direct or indirect financial loss, reputational impact, regulatory censure or failure in the management of other risks such as credit or market risk.

We may be subject to litigation. In the ordinary course of our business, we expect that we may be subject to litigation from time to time. The outcome of any such proceedings may materially adversely affect us and may continue without resolution for long periods of time. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of our management’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation. The acquisition, ownership and disposition of real property will expose us to certain litigation risks which could result in losses, some of which may be material. Litigation may be commenced with respect to a property we have acquired in relation to activities that took place prior to our acquisition of such property. In addition, at the time of disposition of an individual property, a potential buyer who is passed over in favor of another buyer as part of our efforts to maximize sale proceeds may claim that it should have been afforded the opportunity to purchase the asset or alternatively that such buyer should be awarded due diligence expenses incurred or statutory damages for misrepresentation relating to disclosures made. Similarly, successful buyers may later sue us for losses associated with latent defects or other problems not uncovered in due diligence. We may also be exposed to litigation resulting from the activities of our tenants or their customers.


Our future results may suffer if we are unable to effectively manage our real estate portfolio. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage and successfully monitor our operations, costs, regulatory compliance and service quality, and maintain other necessary internal controls.

Future terrorist attacks in the United States could harm the demand for and the value of our properties. Future terrorist attacks in the U.S., such as the attacks that occurred in New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11,��2001, and other acts of terrorism or war could harm the demand for and the value of our properties. Certain of the properties we own are well-known landmarks located in Downtown Los Angeles and may be perceived as more likely terrorist targets than similar, less recognizable properties, which could potentially reduce the demand for and value of these properties. A decrease in demand or value could make it difficult for us to renew leases or re-lease space at lease rates equal to or above historical rates or then-prevailing market rates or to refinance indebtedness related to our properties. Terrorist attacks also could directly impact the value of our properties through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs, and the availability of insurance for such acts may be limited or more costly. Four of Brookfield DTLA’s properties are located within the Bunker Hill area of Downtown Los Angeles. Because these properties are located so closely together, a terrorist attack on any one of these properties, or in the Downtown Los Angeles or Bunker Hill areas generally, could materially damage, destroy or impair the use by tenants of one or more of these properties. To the extent that future terrorist attacks impact our tenants, are impacted by future attacks,their businesses similarly could be adversely affected, including their ability to continue to honor obligations under their existing leases with us could be adversely affected. Additionally, certain tenants will have termination rights or purchase options in respect of certain casualties.lease obligations.



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Climate change may adversely impact our operations and markets. There is significant concern from members of the scientific community and the general public that an increase in global average temperatures due to emissions of greenhouse gases and other human activities have or will cause significant changes in weather patterns and increase the frequency and severity of climate stress events. Climate change, including the impact of global warming, creates physical and financial risk. Physical risks from climate change include an increase in sea level and changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in intense precipitation and extreme heat events, as well as tropical and non-tropical storms. The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as hurricanes, fires, floods and earthquakes (whether or not caused by climate change), could cause considerable damage to our properties, disrupt our operations or the operations of our tenants and negatively impact our financial performance. To the extent these events result in significant damage to or closure of one or more of our buildings, our operations and financial performance could be adversely affected through lost tenants and an inability to lease or re‑lease the space. In addition, these events could result in significant expenses to restore or remediate a property, increases in fuel (or other energy) prices or a fuel shortage and increases in the costs of insurance if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage.

If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our business may be vulnerable to damages from a number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. For example, major health issues and pandemics, such as COVID–19, may adversely affect trade and global and local economies. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of the COVID–19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID–19. If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions.


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TAX RISKS


Failure to maintain our status as a REIT could have significant adverse consequences to us, our ability to make distributions and the value of our stock, including the Series A preferred stock. Brookfield DTLA has elected to be taxed as a REIT pursuant to Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with its tax period ended December 31, 2013. Brookfield DTLA conducts and intends to conduct its operations so as to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, Brookfield DTLA must satisfy a number of asset, income, organizational, operational, dividend distribution, stock ownership, and other requirements on an ongoing basis. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, for which only a limited number of judicial and administrative interpretations exist. Even an inadvertent or technical mistake could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT depends on the ability of certain of our subsidiaries that own our commercial property assets to individually satisfy the asset, income, organizational, distribution, stock ownership and other requirements discussed above on a continuing basis. Whether these subsidiaries will be able to qualify for taxation as REITs, and therefore whether we will be able to continue to qualify, is a question of fact. Moreover, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially applicable with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to continue to qualify as a REIT.


If Brookfield DTLA fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and it may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Brookfield DTLA may also be subject to certain state or local income taxes, or franchise taxes on its REIT activities. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for investment, debt service and distribution to holders of our stock, which in turn could have an adverse effect on the value of our stock. Distributions to our stockholders if we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us, nor will they be required to be made (unless required by the terms of our governing documents). In such event, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as dividends (whether or not attributable to capital gains of the Company). Subject to certain limitations in the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. holders that constitute qualified dividend income will be eligible for taxation at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain conditions are met. As a result of all these factors, our failure to continue to qualify as a REIT could impair our business and operating strategies and adversely affect the value of our stock and our ability to make distributions on our stock, including, in each case, the Series A preferred stock.



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We may incur other tax liabilities that could reduce our cash flows. We may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets including, but not limited to, taxes on any undistributed income and property and transfer taxes. In order to avoid federal corporate income tax on our earnings, each year we must distribute to holders of our stock, including holders of the Series A preferred stock, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined before the deductions for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income and net capital gain, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to holders of our stock, including holders of the Series A preferred stock, in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distributions to holders of our stock, including holders of the Series A preferred stock, and lower distributions of cash could adversely affect the value of the Series A preferred stock.


Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends. Certain dividends known as qualified dividends currently are subject to the same tax rates as long-term capital gains, which are lower than rates for ordinary income. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for such reduced rates. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of our stock, including the Series A preferred stock.


You may be deemed to receive a taxable distribution without the receipt of any cash or property. Under Section 305(c) of the Code, holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock may be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving constructive distributions if the “issue price” of the Series A preferred stock is lower than the redemption price of such Series A preferred stock. If the redemption price exceeds the issue price and, based on all the facts and circumstances as of the date of issuance, redemption pursuant to Brookfield DTLA’s right to redeem is more likely than not to occur, then a holder of Series A preferred stock will be deemed to receive a series of constructive distributions of stock in the total amount of such excess, so long as the amount by which the redemption price exceeds the issue price is not de minimis. These constructive distributions will be deemed to be made to such holders in increasing amounts (on a constant-yield basis) during the period from the date of issuance to the date on which it is most likely that the Series A preferred stock will be redeemed, based on all of the facts and circumstances as of the issue date. In addition, constructive distributions could arise in other circumstances as well. In the event a holder of Series A preferred stock receives a constructive distribution, such holder may incur U.S. federal income tax liability with respect to such constructive distribution without receiving any corresponding distribution of cash with which to pay such taxes.


Applicable REIT laws may restrict certain business activities. As a REIT, we are subject to various restrictions on the types of income we can earn, assets we can own and activities in which we can engage. Business activities that could be impacted by applicable REIT laws include, but are not limited to, activities such as developing alternative uses of real estate, including the development and/or sale of properties. To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must satisfy certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forgo investments we might otherwise make. Thus, our compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our business and operating strategies, financial condition and results of operations.



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We will participate in transactions and make tax calculations for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. We will participate in many transactions and make tax calculations during the course of our business for which the ultimate tax determination will be uncertain. While we believe we maintain provisions for uncertain tax positions that appropriately reflect our risk, these provisions are made using estimates of the amounts expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of several factors. It is possible that liabilities associated with one or more transactions may exceed our provisions due to audits by, or litigation with, relevant taxing authorities which may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.


GENERAL RISK FACTORS

We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud, other illegal acts or inadequate or failed internal processes or systems. We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud or other illegal acts or inadequate or failed internal processes or systems. We rely on our employees to follow our policies and processes as well as applicable laws in their activities. Risk of illegal acts or failed systems are managed through our infrastructure, controls, systems, policies and people, complemented by central groups focusing on enterprise-wide management of specific operational risks such as fraud, trading, outsourcing, and business disruption, as well as people and systems risks. Failure to manage these risks can result in direct or indirect financial loss, reputational impact, regulatory censure or failure in the management of other risks such as credit or market risk.

If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our business may be vulnerable to damages from a number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. For example, major health issues and pandemics, such as COVID–19, may adversely affect trade and global and local economies. If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions.

The failure of our information technology systems, or an act of deliberate cyber terrorism, could adversely impact our reputation and financial performance. We operate in businesses that are dependent on information systems and technology. Our information systems and technology may not continue to be able to accommodate our growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level, either of which could have a material adverse effect on us. We rely on third-party service providers to manage certain aspects of our business, including for certain information systems and technology, data processing systems, and the secure processing, storage and transmission of information. Any interruption or deterioration in the performance of these third parties or failures of their information systems and technology could impair the quality of our operations and could adversely affect our business and reputation. We rely on certain information technology systems which may be subject to cyber terrorism intended to obtain unauthorized access to our proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, through the introduction of computer viruses, cyber-attacks and other means, and could originate from a variety of sources including our own employees or unknown third parties. Any such breach or compromise could also go undetected for an extended period. There can be no assurance that measures implemented to protect the integrity of our systems will provide adequate protection or enable us to detect and remedy any such breaches or compromises in a timely manner or at all. If our information systems are compromised, we could suffer a disruption in one or more of our businesses. This could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations or result in reputational damage.

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Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.


Item 2.Properties.

Item 2.Properties.

Lease Terms


BrookfieldBrookfield DTLA’s properties are typically leased to high credit-rated tenants for terms ranging from five to ten years, although we also enter into some short-term as well as someshorter or longer-term leases. Our leases usually requirerequire the license of a minimum number of monthly parking spaces at the property and in many cases contain provisions permitting tenants to renew expiring leases at prevailing market rates. Most of our leases are either triple net or modified gross leases. Triple netNet and modified gross leases are those in which tenants pay not only base rent but also some or all real estate taxes and operating expenses of the leased property. Tenants typically reimburse us the full direct cost without regard to a base year or expense stop, for use of lighting, heating and air conditioning during non-business hours, and for a certain number of parking spaces. We are generally responsible for structural repairs.


Historical Percentage Leased and Rental Rates


The following table sets forth the percentage leased, annualized rent, and annualized rent per rentable square foot of executed leases at Brookfield DTLA’s properties as of the dates indicated:

 
Percentage
Leased
 
Annualized
Rent (1)
 
Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
      
December 31, 201982.9% $168,904,581
 $26.87
December 31, 201886.3% 167,124,493
 25.74
December 31, 201786.8% 163,123,792
 24.98
Percentage
Leased		Annualized
Rent (1)		Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
December 31, 201982.9 %$168,904,581 $26.87 
December 31, 202079.1 %$165,568,312 $27.62 
December 31, 202177.2 %$167,310,265 $28.57 
__________
(1)
Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of the date indicated. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of the date indicated and is shown on a net basis; thus, for any tenant under a partial gross lease, the expense stop, or under a fully gross lease, the current year operating expenses (which may be estimates as of such date), are subtracted from gross rent. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 are approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25 per leased square foot. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2018 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 were approximately $12.3 million, or $1.89 per leased square foot. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2017 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 were approximately $13.2 million, or $2.03 per leased square foot.
(2)Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of the same date.

(1)Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of the date indicated. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of the date indicated. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2021 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 are approximately $13.8 million, or $2.35 per leased square foot. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2020 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 were approximately $6.1 million, or $1.02 per leased square foot. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 were approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25 per leased square foot.

(2)Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of the same date.
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Leasing Activity


The following table summarizes leasing activity at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for the year ended December 31, 2019:2021:

Leasing
Activity		Percentage
Leased
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20205,995,517 79.1 %
Contractual expirations and early terminations(632,280)(8.4)%
New leases142,516 1.9 %
Renewals349,851 4.6 %
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20215,855,604 77.2 %

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Leasing
Activity
 
Percentage
Leased
    
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20186,493,480
 86.3 %
Expirations(950,567) (12.5)%
New leases207,575
 2.7 %
Renewals487,479
 6.4 %
Remeasurement adjustments48,170
 — %
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20196,286,137
 82.9 %


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Property Statistics


The following table presents leasing information for executed leases at Brookfield DTLA’s properties as of December 31, 2019:2021:

Square Feet  Square Feet
Property 
Number
of
Buildings
 
Number
of
Tenants
 
Year
Acquired/
Constructed
 
Net
Building
Rentable
 
% of Net
Rentable
 
%
Leased
 
Annualized
Rent (1)
 
Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
PropertyNumber
of
Buildings		Number
of
Tenants		Year
Acquired/
Constructed		Net
Building
Rentable		% of Net
Rentable		%
Leased		Annualized
Rent (1)		Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
              
BOA Plaza 1
 31
 2006 1,405,428
 18.5% 92.4% $33,692,530
 $25.93
BOA Plaza1 28 20061,405,428 18.5 %85.1 %$35,036,449 $29.29 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower 1
 39
 2013 1,400,639
 18.5% 87.5% 34,910,991
 28.49
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower1 39 20131,400,639 18.5 %79.0 %33,752,544 30.49 
Gas Company Tower 1
 31
 2013 1,345,163
 17.8% 86.7% 30,737,945
 26.35
Gas Company Tower1 26 20131,345,163 17.8 %73.3 %26,936,638 27.32 
EY Plaza 1
 45
 2006 963,682
 12.7% 77.3% 19,370,146
 26.01
EY Plaza1 44 2006963,682 12.7 %78.9 %21,967,390 28.90 
FIGat7th 1
 33
 2013 316,250
 4.2% 89.6% 6,732,258
 23.76
FIGat7th1 30 2013316,250 4.2 %89.4 %6,743,412 23.84 
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower 1
 20
 2013 1,124,960
 14.8% 68.8% 21,639,487
 27.98
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower1 21 20131,124,960 14.8 %63.1 %20,189,036 28.45 
777 Tower 1
 51
 2013 1,024,835
 13.5% 77.4% 21,821,224
 27.51
777 Tower1 49 20131,024,835 13.5 %79.4 %22,684,796 27.87 
 7
 250
 7,580,957
 100.0% 82.9% $168,904,581
 $26.87
7 237 7,580,957 100.0 %77.2 %$167,310,265 $28.57 
__________
(1)
Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2019. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2019 and is shown on a net basis; thus, for any tenant under a partial gross lease, the expense stop, or under a fully gross lease, the current year operating expenses (which may be estimates as of such date), are subtracted from gross rent. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 are approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25
(1)    Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2021. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2021. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2021 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 are approximately $13.8 million, or $2.35 per leased square foot.
(2)Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of December 31, 2019.


(2)    Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of December 31, 2021.
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Tenant Information


As of December 31, 2019,2021, Brookfield DTLA’s properties were leased to 250237 tenants. The following table sets forth the annualized rent and leased square feet of our ten largest tenants as of December 31, 2019:2021:

Tenant
Annualized
Rent (1)		% of Total
Annualized
Rent		Leased
Square Feet		% of Total
Leased
Square Feet		Year of
Expiry
1 The Capital Group Companies$10,565,737 6.3 %403,547 6.8 %Various
2 Southern California Gas Company8,582,440 5.1 %350,998 6.0 %2026
3 Latham & Watkins LLP8,362,250 5.0 %245,206 4.2 %Various
4 Wells Fargo Bank National Association7,498,860 4.5 %293,383 5.0 %2023
5 Bank of America N.A.7,330,488 4.4 %209,310 3.6 %2029
6 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP6,386,475 3.8 %215,155 3.7 %2035
7 Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.5,965,296 3.6 %208,148 3.6 %2030
8 Sheppard, Mullin, Richter5,083,470 3.0 %173,959 3.0 %2025
9 Sidley Austin (CA) LLP3,789,054 2.3 %135,798 2.3 %2024
10 Ernst & Young U.S. LLP3,720,879 2.2 %127,613 2.2 %2032
$67,284,949 40.2 %2,363,117 40.4 %
__________
(1)Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2021. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2021. For those leases where rent has not yet commenced, the first month in which rent is to be received is used to determine annualized rent.

Tenant 

Annualized
Rent (1)
 
% of Total
Annualized
Rent
 
Leased
Square Feet
 
% of Total
Leased
Square Feet
 
Year of
Expiry
           
1
Latham & Watkins LLP $10,987,092
 6.5% 373,657
 5.9% Various
2
Southern California Gas Company 9,383,128
 5.5% 405,848
 6.5% Various
3
The Capital Group Companies
9,277,853
 5.5% 407,725
 6.5% Various
4
Wells Fargo Bank National Association 8,396,209
 5.0% 339,221
 5.4% Various
5
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 8,070,972
 4.8% 242,164
 3.9% Various
6
Bank of America N.A. 7,154,054
 4.2% 209,544
 3.3% Various
7
Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. 6,191,602
 3.7% 234,264
 3.7% Various
8
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter 3,765,160
 2.2% 173,959
 2.8% 2025
9
Sidley Austin (CA) LLP 3,467,521
 2.1% 135,798
 2.2% 2024
10
Ernst & Young U.S. LLP 3,440,514
 2.0% 127,613
 2.0% 2032
   $70,134,105
 41.5% 2,649,793
 42.2%  
24
__________
(1)
Annualized rent is calculated as contractual base rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2019. For those leases where rent has not yet commenced, the first month in which rent is to be received is used to determine annualized rent.


The following table sets forth information regarding the lease expirations of our ten largest tenants regarding lease expirations in leased square feet by year as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except years):2021:

Tenant20222023202420252026BeyondTotalYear of
Final
Expiry
1The Capital Group Companies53,316————350,231403,5472033
2Southern California Gas Company————350,998—350,9982026
3Latham & Watkins LLP———162,326—82,880245,2062031
4Wells Fargo Bank National Association—293,383————293,3832023
5Bank of America N.A.—————209,310209,3102029
6Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP—————215,155215,1552035
7Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.—————208,148208,1482030
8Sheppard, Mullin, Richter———173,959——173,9592025
9Sidley Austin (CA) LLP——135,798———135,7982024
10Ernst & Young U.S. LLP—————127,613127,6132032
Leased square feet expiring by year53,316293,383135,798336,285350,9981,193,3372,363,117
Percentage of leased square feet expiring by year0.9%5.2%2.3%5.7%6.0%20.3%40.4%
   Leased Square Feet as of December 31,  
Tenant 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Beyond 
Year of
Final
Expiry
     
1
Latham & Watkins LLP 26
 64
 —
 —
 —
 214
 70
 2031
2
Southern California Gas Company 28
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 378
 2026
3
The Capital Group Companies 4
 —
 54
 —
 —
 —
 350
 2033
4
Wells Fargo Bank National Association 33
 —
 —
 306
 —
 —
 —
 2023
5
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP —
 27
 —
 —
 —
 —
 215
 2035
6
Bank of America N.A. —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 209
 2029
7
Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. —
 26
 —
 —
 —
 —
 208
 2030
8
Sheppard, Mullin, Richter —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 174
 —
 2025
9
Sidley Austin (CA) LLP —
 —
 —
 —
 136
 —
 —
 2024
10
Ernst & Young U.S. LLP —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 128
 2032
 Leased square feet expiring by year 91
 117
 54
 306
 136
 388
 1,558
  
 Percentage of leased square feet expiring by year 1.4% 1.9% 0.8% 4.9% 2.2% 6.2% 24.8%  


Table of Contents

On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Related Party Transactions.”


Lease Expirations


The following table presents a summary of lease expirations at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for executed leases as of December 31, 2019,2021, plus currently available space, for future periods. This table assumes that none of our tenants will exercise renewal options or early termination rights, if any, at or prior to their scheduled expirations.

YearTotal Area in
Square Feet
Covered by 
Expiring
Leases		Percentage
of Leased
Square Feet		Annualized
Rent (1)		Percentage of
Annualized
Rent		Current Rent per
Leased
Square
Foot (2)		Rent per
Leased Square
Foot at
Expiration (3)
2022304,641 5.2 %$7,981,594 4.8 %$26.20 $26.75 
2023983,709 16.7 %25,586,271 15.3 %26.01 27.35 
2024544,819 9.3 %16,224,710 9.7 %29.78 32.15 
2025729,727 12.5 %21,979,377 13.1 %30.12 32.43 
2026571,061 9.8 %14,819,033 8.9 %25.95 29.57 
2027296,212 5.1 %9,019,655 5.4 %30.45 35.95 
2028104,486 1.8 %3,199,361 1.9 %30.62 39.24 
2029303,025 5.2 %9,863,464 5.9 %32.55 42.04 
2030329,831 5.6 %10,178,585 6.1 %30.86 39.96 
2031308,309 5.3 %8,996,457 5.4 %29.18 39.71 
Thereafter1,379,784 23.5 %39,461,758 23.5 %28.60 42.12 
Total expiring leases5,855,604 100.0 %$167,310,265 100.0 %$28.57 $34.86 
Currently available1,725,353 
Total rentable square feet7,580,957 

(1)Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2021. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2021. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2021 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 are approximately $13.8 million, or $2.35 per leased square foot.
(2)Current rent per leased square foot represents base rent for executed leases, divided by total leased square feet as of December 31, 2021.
(3)Rent per leased square foot at expiration represents base rent, including any future rent steps, and thus represents the base rent that will be in place at lease expiration.

25
Year 
Total Area in
Square Feet
Covered by 
Expiring
Leases
 
Percentage
of Leased
Square Feet
 
Annualized
Rent (1)
 
Percentage of
Annualized
Rent
 
Current Rent per
Leased
Square
Foot (2)
 
Rent per
Leased Square
Foot at
Expiration (3)
             
2020 322,127
 5.1% $8,965,802
 5.3% $27.83
 $28.36
2021 393,281
 6.3% 10,868,649
 6.4% 27.64
 28.74
2022 381,831
 6.1% 10,488,708
 6.2% 27.47
 30.08
2023 874,675
 13.9% 22,046,679
 13.0% 25.21
 27.97
2024 550,605
 8.8% 15,287,695
 9.0% 27.77
 31.94
2025 773,636
 12.3% 21,231,975
 12.6% 27.44
 33.05
2026 576,222
 9.2% 14,115,432
 8.4% 24.50
 29.29
2027 194,603
 3.1% 5,334,335
 3.2% 27.41
 35.32
2028 102,759
 1.6% 3,017,796
 1.8% 29.37
 39.50
2029 298,185
 4.7% 9,611,890
 5.7% 32.23
 43.15
Thereafter 1,818,213
 28.9% 47,935,620
 28.4% 26.36
 40.50
Total expiring leases 6,286,137
 100.0% $168,904,581
 100.0% $26.87
 $34.02
Currently available 1,294,820
          
Total rentable square feet7,580,957
          

__________
(1)
Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2019. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2019 and is shown on a net basis; thus, for any tenant under a partial gross lease, the expense stop, or under a fully gross lease, the current year operating expenses (which may be estimates as of such date), are subtracted from gross rent. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 are approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25 per leased square foot.
(2)Current rent per leased square foot represents base rent for executed leases, divided by total leased square feet as of December 31, 2019.
(3)Rent per leased square foot at expiration represents base rent, including any future rent steps, and thus represents the base rent that will be in place at lease expiration.


Table of Contents

Indebtedness


As of December 31, 2019,2021, Brookfield DTLA’s debt was comprised of mortgage and mezzanine loans secured by seven properties. A summary of our debt as of December 31, 20192021 is as follows (in millions, except percentage amounts and years):follows:

Principal
Amount
 
Percent of
Total Debt
 
Effective
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted Average
Term to
Maturity
Principal
Amount		Percent of
Total Debt		Effective
Interest
Rate		Weighted Average
Term to
Maturity (3)
       
Fixed-rate$908.5
 41% 4.19% 3 yearsFixed-rate$458,500 20 %4.03 %3 years
Variable-rate swapped to fixed-rate230.0
 10% 3.88% 1 year
Variable-rate (1) (2)1,070.8
 49% 3.84% 2 yearsVariable-rate (1) (2)1,805,796 80 %2.62 %3 years
$2,209.3
 100% 3.99% 2 years$2,264,296 100 %2.91 %3 years
__________
(1)As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(2)As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $43.6 million is available under the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loans that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions.

(1)As of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(2)As of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $43.6 million is available under the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loans that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions.
(3)Includes the effect of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable. As of December 31, 2021, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreements to extend the loan maturity dates.

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 7—6—Secured Debt, Net.”


Item 3.Legal Proceedings.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings.

Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries may be subject to pending legal proceedings and litigation incidental to its business. After consultation with legal counsel, management believes that any liability that may potentially result upon resolution of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or consolidated financial statements as a whole.


Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

26

Table of Contents

PART II


Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.


Market Information


There is no established public trading market for the registrant’s common stock.


Holders


All of the registrant’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (all of which are privately owned and are not traded on a public market) are held by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC.


Dividends


The registrant has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock in the past. Any future dividends declared would be at the discretion of Brookfield DTLA’s board of directors and would depend on its financial condition, results of operations, contractual obligations and the terms of its financing agreements at the time a dividend is considered, and other relevant factors.


Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities


None.


Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers


None.
























27

Table of Contents

Item 6.Selected Financial Data.

The following tables set forth selected consolidated operating and financial data on a historical basis for Brookfield DTLA and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto that appear in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.
(In thousands)

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  
Statement of Operations Data:         
Total revenue$317,845
 $315,680
 $306,322
 $310,692
 $299,090
Total expenses367,203
 360,337
 343,959
 348,859
 339,444
Total other income (1)22,697
 —
 —
 —
 —
Net loss(26,661) (44,657) (37,637) (38,167) (40,354)
Net loss (income) attributable to
    noncontrolling interests:
         
Series A-1 preferred interest returns17,213
 17,306
 17,213
 17,213
 17,213
Senior participating preferred interest returns—
 —
 —
 —
 2,321
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments
(1,017) 1,482
 479
 2,428
 6,625
Series B preferred interest returns18,049
 17,961
 13,435
 2,084
 —
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net income (loss)
35,181
 28,343
 (45,699) (41,055) (44,521)
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(96,087) (109,749) (23,065) (18,837) (21,992)
Series A preferred stock dividends18,548
 18,532
 18,548
 18,548
 18,548
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA
$(114,635) $(128,281) $(41,613) $(37,385) $(40,540)
          
Other Information:         
Net cash provided by
    operating activities		$39,785
 $17,389
 $31,786
 $35,828
 $29,991
Net cash used in
    investing activities (2)		(127,775) (90,065) (74,696) (57,350) (58,061)
Net cash provided by (used in)
    financing activities		41,208
 110,941
 20,030
 4,341
 (36,486)
__________
(1)In 2019, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA, entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture, which resulted in the derecognition of the assets of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property. The Company recognized a gain from derecognition of assets totaling $24.8 million representing the difference between the amount of consideration measured and allocated to the assets and their carrying amount as part of other income in the 2019 consolidated statement of operations.
(2)
In 2018, Brookfield DTLA adopted the guidance in Accounting Standards Update 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. Therefore, the change in restricted cash is no longer presented as a separate line item within cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows since such balances are now combined with cash and cash equivalents at both the beginning and end of the reporting period. We have retroactively restated the 2017, 2016 and 2015 consolidated statements of cash flows by reclassifying the decrease or (increase) in restricted cash of $24.5 million, $(6.3) million and $(6.7) million, respectively, from cash flows used in investing activities to net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.


Table of Contents


 As of December 31,
 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
 (In thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:         
Total assets$2,826,972
 $2,795,658
 $2,747,815
 $2,769,959
 $2,798,010
Secured debt, net2,199,980
 2,140,724
 1,991,692
 2,076,804
 2,111,405
Mezzanine equity1,054,223
 1,015,889
 990,749
 829,532
 726,595
Stockholders’ deficit(520,782) (440,921) (342,948) (258,435) (184,537)


Table of Contents

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto that appear in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The preparation of consolidated Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties regarding events, conditions, and financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptionstrends that may affect the reported amountsCompany’s future plans of assetsoperations, business strategy, results of operations, and liabilitiesfinancial position. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those included within or contemplated by such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, those described under Item 7. “Management's Discussion and disclosureAnalysis of contingent assetsFinancial Condition and liabilities at the dateResults of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not undertake any responsibility to update any of these factors or to announce publicly any revisions to any of the financialforward-looking statements and the reported amountscontained in this or any document, whether as a result of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented. Actual results could ultimately differ from such estimates. Certain prior year balances have been reclassifiednew information, future events, or restated in order to conform to the current year presentation.otherwise.


Overview and Background


Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. (“Brookfield DTLA” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation and was incorporated on April 19, 2013. Brookfield DTLA was formed for the purpose of consummating the transactions contemplated in the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 24, 2013, as amended, (the “Merger Agreement”), and the issuance of shares of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A preferred stock”) in connection with the acquisition of MPG Office Trust, Inc. and MPG Office, L.P. (together, “MPG”). Brookfield DTLA is a direct subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“DTLA Holdings”, and together with its affiliates excluding the Company and its subsidiaries, the “Manager”). DTLA Holdings is an indirect partially-ownedpartially‑owned subsidiary of Brookfield Property Partners L.P. (“BPY”), an exempted limited partnership under the Laws of Bermuda, which in turn is the flagship commercial property entity and the primary vehicle through which Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“BAM”), a corporation under the Laws of Canada, invests in real estate on a global basis.On April 1, 2021, BAM and BPY announced an agreement for BAM to acquire 100% of the limited partnership units of BPY. The acquisition was completed in July 2021 and the acquisition did not have any impact to the Company.


As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Brookfield DTLA owned Bank of America Plaza (“BOA Plaza”), EY Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower and 777 Tower, which are Class A office properties, and FIGat7th, a retail center nestled between EY Plaza and 777 Tower, all of which are located in the Los Angeles Central Business District (the “LACBD”).




28

Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

On May 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC (“New OPowns and manages six Class A office properties and a retail center, consisting of 7,580,957 rentable square feet in total. Additionally, Brookfield DTLA also has an indirect noncontrolling interest in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture that owns a multifamily residential development property. All of these properties are located in the Los Angeles Central Business District (the “LACBD”), in Downtown Los Angeles, which has long been a wholly-owned subsidiarymajor office district for law firms, accounting firms and government agencies. The following table sets forth information regarding these eight properties as of December 31, 2021:

NameProperty TypeRentable Square FeetOwnership PercentageOccupancy (1)Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) (2)
Bank of America Plaza (“BOA Plaza”)
Office (4)1,405,428100%85.1%6.6
Wells Fargo Center–North TowerOffice (4)1,400,639100%79.0%6.9
Gas Company TowerOffice (4)1,345,163100%73.3%5.7
EY PlazaOffice (4)963,682100%78.9%6.7
Wells Fargo Center–South TowerOffice (4)1,124,960100%63.1%5.0
777 TowerOffice (4)1,024,835100%79.4%4.3
FIGat7thRetail316,250100%89.4%7.1
755 South FigueroaMultifamily (3)N/A33.6%N/AN/A
Total7,580,95777.2%6.0
(1)    Represents properties’ leased square feet over total rentable square feet for executed leases as of December 31, 2021.
(2)    Represents weighted-average of the Company, entered into an agreementperiod remaining (denominated in years) for executed lease as of December 31, 2021, excluding tenant lease extension options.
(3)    Under development as of December 31, 2021.
(4)    Classified as Class A office properties as they are centrally-located buildings that are professionally managed and maintained, attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates, and that are modern structures or have been modernized to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. (the “Property Owner”), the indirect property owner of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property, in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture. See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4—Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture.”compete with newer buildings.


Brookfield DTLA primarily receives its income primarily from lease income, including tenant reimbursements, generated from the operations of its office and retail properties, and to a lesser extent, revenue from its parking garages.


Brookfield DTLA has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust
Current Year Highlights

Coronavirus (“REITCOVID-19”) pursuant to Sections 856 through 860Update

In December 2020, the U.S. began a large-scale COVID-19 vaccination campaign. On June 15, 2021, as California fully reopened its economy, restrictions such as physical distancing, capacity limits and the county tier system were lifted (the “Reopening”). However, since the Reopening, the spread of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its tax period ended December 31, 2013. Brookfield DTLA conductsDelta and intendsOmicron variants brought uncertainty to conduct its operations so asthe economic recovery and many office tenants revised their return-to-office plans in response to continue to qualify as a REIT. Accordingly, Brookfield DTLA is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, provided that it continues to qualify as a REIT and makes distributions to its stockholders, if any, that generally equal or exceed its taxable income. Brookfield DTLA has elected to treat certain of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). A TRS is permitted to engage in activities that a REIT cannot engage in directly, such as performing non‑customary services for the Company’s tenants, holding assets that the Company cannot hold directly and conducting certain affiliate transactions. A TRS is subject to both federal and state income taxes.soaring case counts.


Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon Brookfield DTLA’s ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to annual operating results, asset diversification, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that Brookfield DTLA will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to continue to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If Brookfield DTLA fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Brookfield DTLA may be subject to certain state or local income taxes, or franchise taxes on its REIT activities. Brookfield DTLA’s taxable income or loss is different than its financial statement income or loss.
29



Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

During 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic have continued to impact numerous aspects of our business and our properties, which are located in the City of Los Angeles. Some of the effects include the following:

•Prior to the Reopening, capacity limits were imposed on higher-risk activities and businesses such as indoor dining, bars, fitness centers and movie theaters according to the tier system of the California state’s reopening framework. As a result, our retail tenants in FIGat7th experienced the most immediate impact of the restrictions imposed. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, total lease income and parking revenue from FIGat7th represented approximately 5%, 3% and 4%, respectively, of the consolidated total. Due to the uncertainties posed to our tenants in FIGat7th by these restrictions, adjustments of $2.3 million were recognized during 2020, to lower our lease income related to certain leases where we determined that the collection of future lease payments was not probable. In contrast, the Company recorded favorable lease income adjustments of $0.5 million during 2021, as a result of the Reopening as various retail tenants benefited from higher visitor traffic.

•While our office properties have remained open, most of our office tenants have been working remotely since the “stay-at-home” order was issued in March 2020. Although state and local authorities lifted restrictions on businesses in June 2021, the physical occupancy of our office properties has remained well below capacity as infection rates fluctuated and most employers continued their COVID-19 response protocols and allowed employees to work from home when possible. As of December 31, 2021, most of our office tenants have been current in paying amounts due to us under their leases. Due to the uncertainties posed to our office property tenants by the COVID-19 pandemic, during 2020, adjustments of $6.1 million were recognized to lower our lease income related to certain leases where we determined that the collection of future lease payments was not probable. In contrast, the Company recorded favorable lease income adjustments of $0.7 million during 2021, as a result of the Reopening and office employees returning to offices.

•The Company received certain rent relief requests for certain periods in 2020 and 2021 from many of our retail tenants and some of our office tenants as a result of the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our tenants have availed themselves of various federal and state relief funds, such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the Paycheck Protection Program, which can be utilized to partially meet rental obligations. While our tenants are required to fulfill their commitments to us under their leases, we have implemented and will continue to carefully consider temporary rent deferrals and rent abatements on a lease-by-lease basis and only consider those which have a justifiable financial basis.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
•The following table presents parking net operating income during 2021, 2020 and 2019:

For the Years Ended December 31,
2021202020192021 vs. 2020
% Change		2020 vs. 2019
% Change
Parking revenue$25,426 $27,775 $39,715 (8)%(30)%
Parking expense(8,570)(10,648)(10,373)(20)%3 %
Parking net operating income$16,856 $17,127 $29,342 (2)%(42)%

Decrease in parking net operating income is mainly attributable to the restrictions imposed by state and local authorities that impact the physical occupancy of both our office and retail properties.

•Decline in property values resulting from lower than anticipated revenues due to reduced increases in forecasted rental rates on new or renewal leases, applied credit losses, lower leasing velocity and increased lease concessions or incentives. While the carrying values of the properties are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation, we estimate the undiscounted cashflows and fair values of the properties as part of our impairment review of investments in real estate. See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Significant Accounting Policies—Impairment Review” for further discussion.

The following table sets forth information regarding the collection percentage as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 related to the amounts due from our tenants since the onset of the pandemic:
As of December 31, 2021
Property Type
Second Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
Third Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
Fourth Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
First Quarter of 2021
Billings Collected(1)
Second Quarter of 2021
Billings Collected(1)
Third Quarter of 2021
Billings Collected(1)
Fourth Quarter of 2021
Billings Collected(1)
Office100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %99 %
Retail100 %98 %98 %96 %96 %90 %91 %
Total100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %99 %99 %

As of December 31, 2020
Property Type
March 2020
Billings Collected (1)
Second Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
Third Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
Fourth Quarter of 2020
Billings Collected(1)
Office100 %98 %98 %98 %
Retail97 %39 %62 %65 %
Total100 %96 %97 %97 %
(1)    Adjusted for rent concessions granted to tenants.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net” for a discussion of how we assess the collectibility of amounts due under leases with our tenants.

In addition, see Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion about risks that the COVID-19 pandemic directly or indirectly may pose to our business.

While we cannot be certain as to the duration of the impact of COVID-19, we expect impacts of COVID-19 to continue affecting our financial results at least through 2022, albeit modestly. The future impact of the pandemic on the demand for office space is unclear, as companies consider the repercussion of the pandemic on their business and their demand for labor while, at the same time, evaluate their space requirements in light of their current and projected headcounts and the continued focus on social distancing and employees’ desire for more work-location flexibility.

Leasing Activity and Occupancy Level

Following the Reopening, leasing activity improved with new and renewal leases totaling 492,367 square feet within our portfolio in 2021, compared to 414,577 square feet in 2020, an increase of 19% year over year. Contractual expirations and early terminations of leases totaled 632,280 square feet in 2021, compared to 707,209 square feet in 2020, a decrease of 11% year over year. Despite the slight improvement in leasing activity, occupancy decreased from 79.1% in 2020 to 77.2% in 2021 due to the negative net absorption. See “Leasing Activity” for details.

Financing

In February 2021, Brookfield DTLA closed a $465.0 million interest-only debt secured by Gas Company Tower. This debt, which is scheduled to mature in February 2026, bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.95%. All the proceeds from this debt were used to pay off the original $450.0 million debt that previously encumbered the property and to satisfy the new loans’ required reserves. See "Indebtedness" for details.

Capital Improvements

The atrium development project at Wells Fargo Center was completed in 2020 and the construction of the various food vendor spaces is in progress with openings starting in the second quarter of 2021 and expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2022.

In 2020 and 2021, in response to the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic,Brookfield DTLA strategically deferred and cancelled various capital expenditure projects of lower priority. Further, expenditures for tenant improvements has continued to decline as a result of decreased leasing activity in 2020 and 2021. Accordingly, expenditures for real estate improvements decreased by $65.3 million or 83% from $78.5 million in 2020 to $13.2 million in 2021. We anticipate that capital improvement activities will resume gradually starting 2022, as the economy continues to recover.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
755 South Figueroa Development

The 755 South Figueroa multifamily site is held by an unconsolidated real estate joint venture in which the Company had an ownership interest of 33.6%. As of December 31, 2021, construction is actively underway with core concrete construction complete through eight levels of parking and thirty eight floors of the superblock. Substantial completion is expected in the fourth quarter of 2022 and will accommodate 785 rental units, approximately 5,300 square feet of retail space and 800 parking spaces. As the development progresses towards the targeted completion in 2022, $172.3 million was capitalized as development cost during 2021, compared to $76.4 million during 2020. As such, during 2021, additional capital contributions of $39.8 million, compared to $13.6 million in 2020, were made by DTLA FP IV Holdings to fund development costs.


Liquidity and Capital Resources


General


The following table presents the major sources of Brookfield DTLA’s liquidity as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

As of December 31,
20212020
Cash and cash equivalents$38,901 $37,394 
Unused capital contribution commitments available on Series B preferred interest21,178 46,678 
Availability under secured debt to fund approved leasing costs72,804 72,804 
Total Liquidity$132,883 $156,876 

Brookfield DTLA’s business requires continued access to adequate cash to fund its liquidity needs. The amount of cash Brookfield DTLA currently generates from its operations is not sufficient to cover its operating,investing and financing and investing activities without issuing additional debt or equity, resulting in “negative cash burn,” and there can be no assurance that the amount of Brookfield DTLA’s negative cash burn will decrease, or that it will not increase, in the future. If Brookfield DTLA’s operating cash flows and capital are not sufficient to cover its operating costs or to repay its indebtedness as it comes due, we may issue additional debt and/or equity, including to affiliates of Brookfield DTLA, which issuances could further adversely impact the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock. In many cases, such securities may be issued if authorized by the board of directors of Brookfield DTLA without the approval of holders of the Series A preferred stock. See “—Potential Uses of Liquidity—Property Operations” below.

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

Brookfield DTLA’s potential liquidity sources and uses are, among others, as follows:


33
SourcesUses
•Cash on hand;•Property operations;
•Cash generated from operations;•Capital expenditures and leasing costs;
•
Contributions from noncontrolling
  interests;
•Payments in connection with debt; and
•Other contributions; and•Distributions to noncontrolling interests.
•
Proceeds from additional secured or 
  unsecured debt financings.


Potential Sources of Liquidity—

Cash on Hand—

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Brookfield DTLA had cash and cash equivalents totaling $34.0 million and $80.4 million, respectively.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Cash Generated from Operations—

Brookfield DTLA’s cash generated from operations is primarily dependent upon (1)primary liquidity sources and uses during the occupancy level of its portfolio, (2) the rental rates achieved on its leases, and (3) the collectability of rent and other amounts billed to its tenants. Net cash generated from operations is tied to the level of operating expenses, described below under “—Potential Uses of Liquidity.”

Leasing activity and occupancy level. The following table summarizes leasing activity at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for the yearyears ended December 31, 2019:

 
Leasing
Activity
 
Percentage
Leased
    
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20186,493,480
 86.3 %
Expirations(950,567) (12.5)%
New leases207,575
 2.7 %
Renewals487,479
 6.4 %
Remeasurement adjustments48,170
 — %
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20196,286,137
 82.9 %

Occupancy decreases in the LACBD during the year ended December 31,2021, 2020 and 2019 are directly attributableas follows:

Sources:
•Cash provided by operating activities, see “Discussion of Consolidated Cash Flows — Operating Activities” ;
•Proceeds from additional secured debt financings, see “Indebtedness”; and
•Contributions from noncontrolling interests, see “Discussion of Consolidated Cash Flows — Financing Activities”.

Uses:
•Cash used in operating activities, see “Discussion of Consolidated Cash Flows — Operating Activities”;
•Capital expenditures and leasing costs, see “Capital Expenditures and Leasing Costs”;
•Payments in connection with secured debt, see “Indebtedness”; and
•Distributions to the trendnoncontrolling interests, see “Discussion of right-sizing, mainly among legal and financial service tenants.Consolidated Cash Flows — Financing Activities”.




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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Rental rates. The following table presents leasing information for executed leases at Brookfield DTLA’s properties as of December 31, 2019:

  Square Feet  
Property 
Net
Building
Rentable
 
% of Net
Rentable
 
%
Leased
 
Annualized
Rent (1)
 
Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
           
BOA Plaza 1,405,428
 18.5% 92.4% $33,692,530
 $25.93
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower 1,400,639
 18.5% 87.5% 34,910,991
 28.49
Gas Company Tower 1,345,163
 17.8% 86.7% 30,737,945
 26.35
EY Plaza 963,682
 12.7% 77.3% 19,370,146
 26.01
FIGat7th 316,250
 4.2% 89.6% 6,732,258
 23.76
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower 1,124,960
 14.8% 68.8% 21,639,487
 27.98
777 Tower 1,024,835
 13.5% 77.4% 21,821,224
 27.51
  7,580,957
 100.0% 82.9% $168,904,581
 $26.87
__________
(1)
Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2019. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2019 and is shown on a net basis; thus, for any tenant under a partial gross lease, the expense stop, or under a fully gross lease, the current year operating expenses (which may be estimates as of such date), are subtracted from gross rent. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 are approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25 per leased square foot.
(2)Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of December 31, 2019.

Average asking net effective rents in the LACBD were essentially flat during the year ended December 31, 2019. Management believes that on average our current rents are at market in the LACBD.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

The following table presents a summary of lease expirations at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for executed leases as of December 31, 2019, plus currently available space, for future periods. This table assumes that none of our tenants will exercise renewal options or early termination rights, if any, at or prior to their scheduled expirations.

Year 
Total Area in
Square Feet
Covered by
Expiring
Leases
 
Percentage
of Leased
Square Feet
 
Annualized
Rent (1)
 
Percentage of
Annualized
Rent
 
Current
Rent per
Leased
Square
Foot (2)
 
Rent per
Leased Square
Foot at
Expiration (3)
             
2020 322,127
 5.1% $8,965,802
 5.3% $27.83
 $28.36
2021 393,281
 6.3% 10,868,649
 6.4% 27.64
 28.74
2022 381,831
 6.1% 10,488,708
 6.2% 27.47
 30.08
2023 874,675
 13.9% 22,046,679
 13.0% 25.21
 27.97
2024 550,605
 8.8% 15,287,695
 9.0% 27.77
 31.94
2025 773,636
 12.3% 21,231,975
 12.6% 27.44
 33.05
2026 576,222
 9.2% 14,115,432
 8.4% 24.50
 29.29
2027 194,603
 3.1% 5,334,335
 3.2% 27.41
 35.32
2028 102,759
 1.6% 3,017,796
 1.8% 29.37
 39.50
2029 298,185
 4.7% 9,611,890
 5.7% 32.23
 43.15
Thereafter 1,818,213
 28.9% 47,935,620
 28.4% 26.36
 40.50
Total expiring leases 6,286,137
 100.0% $168,904,581
 100.0% $26.87
 $34.02
Currently available 1,294,820
          
Total rentable square feet7,580,957
          
__________
(1)
Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2019. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2019 and is shown on a net basis; thus, for any tenant under a partial gross lease, the expense stop, or under a fully gross lease, the current year operating expenses (which may be estimates as of such date), are subtracted from gross rent. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2019 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 are approximately $7.9 million, or $1.25 per leased square foot.
(2)
Current rent per leased square foot represents base rent for executed leases, divided by total leased square feet as of December 31, 2019.
(3)Rent per leased square foot at expiration represents base rent, including any future rent steps, and thus represents the base rent that will be in place at lease expiration.

Collectability of amounts due from our tenants. Brookfield DTLA’s lease income depends on collecting amounts, including rent and other contractual amounts, billed to its tenants, and in particular from its major tenants. In the event of tenant defaults, Brookfield DTLA may experience delays in enforcing its rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in pursuing legal possession of the tenant’s space and recovery of any amounts due from the tenant. This is particularly true in the case of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or where the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is acting as receiver.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Contributions from Noncontrolling Interests—

At the time of the merger with MPG, DTLA Holdings made a commitment to contribute up to $260.0 million in cash or property to New OP, which directly or indirectly owns the Brookfield DTLA properties, for which it will be entitled to receive a market rate of return determined at the time of contribution (“preferred return”).

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received cash contributions totaling $40.7 million from DTLA Holdings under this commitment, which are entitled to a 9.0% preferred return. The Company used the funds for capital expenditures and leasing costs. As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, $44.5 million is available to the Company under this commitment for future funding.

Other Contributions—

In addition to amounts received under the commitment described above, during the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company received contributions to additional paid-in capital totaling $1.7 million from DTLA Holdings, which were used for general corporate purposes.

Proceeds from Additional Secured or Unsecured Debt Financings—

Wells Fargo Center–South Tower—

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $2.6 million from the lender for approved leasing costs under the future advance portion of the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan.

As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs, including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.

777 Tower—

On October 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA refinanced the mortgage loan secured by the 777 Tower office property and received net proceeds totaling approximately $271.5 million, of which $220.0 million was used to repay the loan that previously encumbered the property, with the remainder to be used for capital and tenant improvements at the Company’s properties.

As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $43.6 million is available under the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loans that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs, including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Potential Uses of Liquidity—

The following are the projected uses, and some of the potential uses, of cash in the near term.

Property Operations—

Brookfield DTLA’s business requires continued access to adequate cash to fund its liquidity needs. The amount of cash Brookfield DTLA currently generates from its operations is not sufficient to cover its operating, financing and investing activities, resulting in “negative cash burn,” and there can be no assurance that the amount of Brookfield DTLA’s negative cash burn will decrease, or that it will not increase, in the future. Should the cash generated by Brookfield DTLA’s properties not be sufficient to fund their operations, such cash would be provided by DTLA Holdings or another source of funds available to the Company or, if such cash were not made available, the Company might not have sufficient cash to funds its operations.

Capital Expenditures and Leasing Costs—


Capital expenditures fluctuate in any given period, subject to the nature, extent and timing of improvements required to maintain Brookfield DTLA’s properties. Leasing costs also fluctuate in any given period, depending upon such factors as the type of property, the length and type of the lease, the involvement of external leasing agents and overall market conditions.


As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $35.5 million in tenant-related commitments, including tenant improvements, tenant inducements and leasing commissions, which are based on executed leases. As of December 31, 2021, $30.0 million of our tenant-related commitments were expected to be paid during 2022, relating mainly to tenant improvement works performed for a major tenant in the Wells Fargo Center–North Tower of $20.4 million.

Brookfield DTLA expects that capital improvements and leasing activities at its properties will require material amounts of cash for at least several years. According to our 2022 business plan, Brookfield DTLA projects spending approximately $398$435.5 million over the next five years consisting of $233$322.5 million for tenant improvements $85and landlord works, $98.7 million for leasing costs and $14.3 million for capital expenditures and $80 million for leasing costs.expenditures. The expected capital improvements include, but are not limited to, renovations and physical capital upgrades to Brookfield DTLA’s properties, elevator modernization, replacement of transformers and boilers, and upgrades to fire alarm, securityemergency generators. These projections are estimates and HVAC systems, and elevator upgrades.may be subject to changes per future revisions of speculative leasing plans.


As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report,See “Indebtedness” below for more information regarding future advance amounts are available as of December 31, 2021 under the loans secured by the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower and 777 Tower office properties of $29.2 million and $43.6 million, respectively, that can be drawn to fund future approved leasing costs, including tenant improvements and inducements and leasing commissions, and, in the case of Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, common area improvements.


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Indebtedness
Payments in Connection with Debt—

During the year ended December 31, 2021, our issuances and repayments of debt included the following:
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower—

Interest Rate TypeEffective DateMaturity Date/Term to MaturityInterest Rate as of Effective DatePrincipal Amount
Issuances
Gas Company TowerVariable2/5/20212/9/2026 (1)2.01 %$350,000 
Gas Company TowerVariable2/5/20212/9/2026 (1)5.12 %65,000 
Gas Company TowerVariable2/5/20212/9/2026 (1)7.87 %50,000 
Weighted average/total4 years3.07 %$465,000 
Repayments of debt
Gas Company TowerFixed2/5/20218/6/20213.47 %$319,000 
Gas Company TowerFixed2/5/20218/6/20216.50 %131,000 
Weighted average/totalN/A4.35 %$450,000 
(1)    Maturity dates include the effect of extension options that the Company controls.
N/A    Not applicable since the loans were fully repaid as of December 31, 2021.

On February 5, 2021, Brookfield DTLA currently intendsrefinanced its Gas Company Tower secured loans. The original $450.0 million secured loans were replaced with secured loans of $465.0 million, comprised of a $350.0 million mortgage loan, a $65.0 million mezzanine loan and a $50.0 million mezzanine loan, each of which bears interest at variable rates equal to extendLIBOR plus 1.89%, 5.00% and 7.75%, respectively. The initial maturity date of these interest-only loans is February 9, 2023. The mortgage loan can be prepaid, in whole or in part, with prepayment fees (as defined in the debt secured by Wells Fargo Center–North Tower on its scheduled maturity in October 2020. The Companyunderlying loan agreement) until February 2022 after which the loan may be repaid without prepayment fees. A voluntary prepayment of the mortgage or mezzanine loans requires a simultaneous pro-rata prepayment of all loans encumbering this property. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the loans maturity date of this debt, eachdates for a period of one year each, as long as the maturity dates of bothdate of the mezzanine loans areis extended when the maturity date ofsimultaneously with the mortgage loan, is extended. Asand no Event of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, we meet the criteria specifiedDefault (as defined in the underlying loan agreementsagreements) has occurred. All proceeds from the new secured loans were used to extend these loans.

EY Tower—

Brookfield DTLA currently intendspay off the original $450.0 million encumbrance and to refinancesatisfy the new loans’ required reserves. The Company recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt secured by EY Plaza on or about its scheduled maturityof $4.6 million, which represented a prepayment premium and debt yield maintenance fee, in November 2020. There can be no assurance that the refinancing of this debt can be accomplished, what terms will be availableinterest expense in the market for this typeconsolidated statements of financing at the time of any refinancing, and whether a principal paydown will be needed when the debt is refinanced (based on market conditions.)operations.


Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests—

36

During the year ended December 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA made distributions to DTLA Holdings totaling $20.6 million as preferred returns and $34.5 million as a return of capital on the Series B preferred interest using cash on hand.



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Indebtedness

As of December 31, 2019,2021, Brookfield DTLA’s debt was comprised of mortgage and mezzanine loans secured by seven properties. A summary of our debt as of December 31, 20192021 is as follows (in millions, except percentage amounts and years):follows:

Principal
Amount
 
Percent of
Total Debt
 
Effective
Interest
Rate
 
Weighted Average
Term to
Maturity
Principal
Amount		Percent of
Total Debt		Effective
Interest
Rate
Weighted Average
Term to
Maturity (3)
       
Fixed-rate$908.5
 41% 4.19% 3 yearsFixed-rate$458,500 20 %4.03 %3 years
Variable-rate swapped to fixed-rate230.0
 10% 3.88% 1 year
Variable-rate (1) (2)1,070.8
 49% 3.84% 2 yearsVariable-rate (1) (2)1,805,796 80 %2.62 %3 years
$2,209.3
 100% 3.99% 2 years
Total secured debtTotal secured debt$2,264,296 100 %2.91 %3 years
__________
(1)As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(2)As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, a future advance amount of $43.6 million is available under the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loans that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions.

(1)As of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this Report, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(2)As of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this Report, a future advance amount of $43.6 million is available under the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loans that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions.
(3)Includes the effect of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable. As of December 31, 2021, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreements to extend the loan maturity dates.

The following table provides information with respect to Brookfield DTLA’s commitments as of December 31, 2021 related to principal and interest payments on secured debt:
20222023202420252026ThereafterTotal
Principal payments on
     secured debt (1)(2)		$— $819,296 $675,000 $305,000 $465,000 $— $2,264,296 
Interest payments –
Fixed-rate debt (3)18,726 16,803 11,025 — — — 46,554 
Variable-rate debt (4)47,986 44,551 30,241 22,471 1,583 — 146,832 
$66,712 $880,650 $716,266 $327,471 $466,583 $— $2,457,682 
__________
(1)BAM owns a significant interest in a company whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan secured by Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, which matures in October 2023. See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 14—Related Party Transactions.”
(2)Based on the maturity dates after the impact of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable.
(3)Interest payments on fixed-rate debt are calculated based on the maturity dates (after the impact of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable) and contractual interest rates.
(4)Interest payments on variable-rate debt are calculated based on the maturity dates (after the impact of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable) and the one-month LIBOR rate in place on the debt as of December 31, 2021 plus the contractual spread per the loan agreements. Interest payments due to the related party lender of the loan described in (1) above total $1.8 million for 2022 and $1.4 million for 2023.

37

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

The Company may use operating cash flows and contributions from noncontrolling interests to satisfy the secured debt-related commitment disclosed in the table above before or as they come due.
Certain information
Non-Recourse Carve Out Guarantees

All of our secured debt is subject to “non-recourse carve out” guarantees that expire upon elimination of the underlying loan obligations. In connection with respectall of these loans, Brookfield DTLA entered into “non-recourse carve out” guarantees, which provide for these otherwise non-recourse loans to our indebtedness asbecome partially or fully recourse against DTLA Holdings, if certain triggering events (as defined in the loan agreements) occur.

Debt Compliance

As of December 31, 2019 is2021 and 2020, Brookfield DTLA was in compliance with all material financial covenants contained in the loan agreements.

Certain loan agreements held by Brookfield DTLA contain debt yield and debt service coverage ratios. As of December 31, 2021, Brookfield DTLA was meeting or exceeding these financial ratios, with the exception of the loans secured by Wells Fargo Center—South Tower and Wells Fargo Center —North Tower that did not meet their respective minimum debt yield ratio.

Wells Fargo Center–South Tower —

Pursuant to the terms of the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan agreement, effective September 2020, a cash sweep event commenced as follows (in thousands, except percentagethe borrower’s debt yield ratio was under the minimum debt yield ratio. While this does not constitute an Event of Default under the terms of the mortgage loan agreement, any excess operating cash flows are currently swept to a cash account controlled by the loan administrative agent. Funds within this account shall be applied to the borrower's approved operating expenses, capital expenditures and leasing costs; property taxes and insurance; interest and any other amounts due and dates):payable under the loan and interest rate cap contracts; and fees and expenses due to the loan administrative agent.


Wells Fargo Center–North Tower —

As of December 31, 2021, the borrower’s debt yield ratio was under the minimum debt yield ratio. While this does not constitute an Event of Default under the terms of the mortgage loan agreement, following the occurrence of such debt yield event, any excess operating cash flows are to be swept to a cash account controlled by the loan administrative agent. Funds within this account shall be applied to the borrower's approved operating expenses, tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions (capped at the leasing reserve deposit amount as specified in the loan agreements); property taxes and insurance; interest and any other amounts due and payable under the loan and interest rate cap contracts; reserve accounts; and fees and expenses due to the loan administrative agent. The cash sweep started in January 2022.

38
 Interest
Rate		 
Contractual
Maturity Date
 Principal
Amount		 Annual Debt
Service (1)
Floating-Rate Debt       
Variable-Rate Loans:       
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (2)3.39% 10/9/2020 $400,000
 $13,748
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (3)5.74% 10/9/2020 65,000
 3,783
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (4)6.74% 10/9/2020 35,000
 2,392
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower (5)3.49% 11/4/2021 260,796
 9,231
777 Tower (6)3.32% 10/31/2024 231,842
 7,792
777 Tower (7)5.87% 10/31/2024 43,158
 2,567
EY Plaza (8)6.24% 11/27/2020 35,000
 2,215
Total variable-rate loans    1,070,796
 41,728
        
Variable-Rate Swapped to Fixed-Rate Loan:       
EY Plaza (9)3.88% 11/27/2020 230,000
 9,047
Total floating-rate debt    1,300,796
 50,775
        
Fixed-Rate Debt       
BOA Plaza4.05% 9/1/2024 400,000
 16,425
Gas Company Tower3.47% 8/6/2021 319,000
 11,232
Gas Company Tower6.50% 8/6/2021 131,000
 8,633
FIGat7th3.88% 3/1/2023 58,500
 2,301
Total fixed-rate rate debt    908,500
 38,591
Total secured debt    2,209,296
 $89,366
Less: unamortized debt financing costs    9,316
  
Total secured debt, net    $2,199,980
  

__________
(1)Annual debt service for variable-rate loans is calculated using the one-month LIBOR rate in place on the debt as of December 31, 2019 plus the contractual spreads per the loan agreements. Annual debt service for fixed-rate loans is calculated based on contractual interest rates per the loan agreements.
(2)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.65%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity dates of both of the mezzanine loans are extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend this loan.
(3)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.00%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity date of the other mezzanine loan is extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend the mortgage loan.

Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Leasing Activity

Occupancy level. The following table summarizes leasing activity at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Leasing
Activity		Percentage
Leased
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20205,995,517 79.1 %
Contractual expirations and early terminations(632,280)(8.4)%
New leases142,516 1.9 %
Renewals349,851 4.6 %
Leased square feet as of December 31, 20215,855,604 77.2 %

Lease contractual expirations and early terminations. The following table summarizes the large contractual expiries and early terminations at Brookfield DTLA’s properties during the year ended December 31, 2021:

(4)Tenant
This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 5.00%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity date of the other mezzanine loan is extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019 and through the date of this report, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend the mortgage loan. On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in a company whose subsidiary is the lender of this loan. See “Related Party Transactions.”
PropertyLeased
Square Feet
(5)Doubleline Capital LP (1)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.80%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.50%. Brookfield DTLA has two options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year. As of December 31, 2019, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower87,524 
(6)Latham & Watkins LLPThis loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2019, a future advance amount of $36.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. TheWells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company can draw against this future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mezzanine loan future advance amount.Tower
76,607 
(7)ConveneThis loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.15%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2019, a future advance amount of $6.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. The Company can draw against this future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mortgage loan future advance amount.
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower51,954 
(8)Jackson Lewis LLP (1)
This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.55%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 3.50%.
EY Plaza49,508 
(9)CallisonRTKL (2)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.65%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge this loan, which effectively fix the LIBOR portionBOA Plaza46,951 
Nossaman LLP (3)777 Tower43,760 
General Service Administration of the interest rate at 2.28%. The effective interest rateUnited States of 3.88% includes interest on the swaps.AmericaGas Company Tower36,077 
Los Angeles Corporate Fitness, Inc. (1)FIGat7th34,730 
Yukevich Cavanaugh (1)Wells Fargo Center–South Tower25,986 
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLPEY Plaza13,254 
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.Wells Fargo Center–North Tower12,382 
Total478,733 


(1)    All expired leased square feet were renewed during the year ended December 31, 2021.
(2)    Out of the expired 46,951 square feet, 24,801 square feet were renewed during the year ended December 31, 2021.
(3)    Out of the expired 43,760 square feet, 35,317 square feet were renewed during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Decline in occupancy during the year ended December 31, 2021 was mainly attributable to contractual expirations and early terminations of lease agreements. Compared to 2020, although leasing volume improved during 2021, many companies continued to consider the repercussion of the pandemic on their business and their demand for labor while, at the same time, evaluate their space requirements in light of their current and projected headcounts and the continued focus on social distancing and employees’ desire for more work-location flexibility. We have ongoing interest and lease negotiations with existing tenants on lease renewals/extensions and expansion of space and continued negotiations with prospective tenants on leasing of space.


39

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

DiscussionRental rates. The following table presents leasing information for executed leases at Brookfield DTLA’s properties as of Results of Operations

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2019 to2021:

Square Feet
PropertyNet
Building
Rentable		% of Net
Rentable		%
Leased		Annualized
Rent (1)		Annualized
Rent
$/RSF (2)
BOA Plaza1,405,428 18.5 %85.1 %$35,036,449 $29.29 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower1,400,639 18.5 %79.0 %33,752,544 30.49 
Gas Company Tower1,345,163 17.8 %73.3 %26,936,638 27.32 
EY Plaza963,682 12.7 %78.9 %21,967,390 28.90 
FIGat7th316,250 4.2 %89.4 %6,743,412 23.84 
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower1,124,960 14.8 %63.1 %20,189,036 28.45 
777 Tower1,024,835 13.5 %79.4 %22,684,796 27.87 
7,580,957 100.0 %77.2 %$167,310,265 $28.57 
__________
(1)Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2018

Consolidated Statements2021. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of Operations Information
(In millions, except percentage amounts)
 
For the Year Ended
December 31,
 Increase/
(Decrease)		 %
Change
 2019 2018  
Revenue:       
Lease income$276.9
 $268.1
 $8.8
 3 %
Parking39.7
 37.3
 2.4
 6 %
Interest and other1.2
 10.3
 (9.1) (88)%
Total revenue317.8
 315.7
 2.1
 1 %
        
Expenses:       
Rental property operating and maintenance105.7
 99.0
 6.7
 7 %
Real estate taxes37.7
 40.0
 (2.3) (6)%
Parking10.4
 10.2
 0.2
 2 %
Other expense9.0
 9.9
 (0.9) (9)%
Depreciation and amortization105.5
 96.2
 9.3
 10 %
Interest98.9
 105.0
 (6.1) (6)%
Total expenses367.2
 360.3
 6.9
 2 %
Other Income:       
Gain from derecognition of assets24.8
 —
 24.8
  
Equity in loss of unconsolidated
    real estate joint venture
(2.1) —
 (2.1)  
Total other income22.7
 —
 22.7
  
Net loss$(26.7) $(44.6) $17.9
  

Lease Income

Lease income increased $8.8December 31, 2021. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2021 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 are approximately $13.8 million, or 3%, for$2.35 per leased square foot.
(2)Annualized rent per rentable square foot represents annualized rent as computed above, divided by leased square feet as of December 31, 2021.

Average asking net effective rents in the LACBD were essentially flat during the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to2021. Management believes that on average our current rents approximate market in the year ended December 31, 2018, largely as a result of contractual rent increases and recoverability of higher operating expenses, partially offset by a 3.4% reduction in occupancy.LACBD.

Interest and Other Revenue

Interest and other revenue decreased $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to a $9.3 million gain on the sale of artwork no longer on display at our Wells Fargo Center office properties due to renovation activities during 2018, for which there was no comparable activity during 2019.



40

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

The following table presents a summary of lease expirations at Brookfield DTLA’s properties for executed leases as of December 31, 2021, plus currently available space, for future periods. This table assumes that none of our tenants will exercise renewal options or early termination rights, if any, at or prior to their scheduled expirations.
Rental Property Operating and Maintenance Expense
YearTotal Area in
Square Feet
Covered by
Expiring
Leases		Percentage
of Leased
Square Feet		Annualized
Rent (1)		Percentage of
Annualized
Rent		Current
Rent per
Leased
Square
Foot (2)		Rent per
Leased Square
Foot at
Expiration (3)
    
2022304,641 5.2 %$7,981,594 4.8 %$26.20 $26.75 
2023983,709 16.7 %25,586,271 15.3 %26.01 27.35 
2024544,819 9.3 %16,224,710 9.7 %29.78 32.15 
2025729,727 12.5 %21,979,377 13.1 %30.12 32.43 
2026571,061 9.8 %14,819,033 8.9 %25.95 29.57 
2027296,212 5.1 %9,019,655 5.4 %30.45 35.95 
2028104,486 1.8 %3,199,361 1.9 %30.62 39.24 
2029303,025 5.2 %9,863,464 5.9 %32.55 42.04 
2030329,831 5.6 %10,178,585 6.1 %30.86 39.96 
2031308,309 5.3 %8,996,457 5.4 %29.18 39.71 
Thereafter1,379,784 23.5 %39,461,758 23.5 %28.60 42.12 
Total expiring leases5,855,604 100.0 %$167,310,265 100.0 %$28.57 $34.86 
Currently available1,725,353 
Total rentable square feet7,580,957 

__________
Rental property operating and maintenance expense increased $6.7(1)Annualized rent represents the annualized monthly contractual rent under executed leases as of December 31, 2021. This amount reflects total base rent before any rent abatements as of December 31, 2021. Total abatements for executed leases as of December 31, 2021 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 are approximately $13.8 million, or 7%,$2.35 per leased square foot.
(2)Current rent per leased square foot represents base rent for the year endedexecuted leases, divided by total leased square feet as of December 31, 2019 as compared to2021.
(3)Rent per leased square foot at expiration represents base rent, including any future rent steps, and thus represents the year ended December 31, 2018, largely due to higher insurance, administrative and repair and maintenance costs.base rent that will be in place at lease expiration.

41
Depreciation and Amortization Expense


Depreciation and amortization expense increased $9.3 million, or 10%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to increased investments in tenant improvements year over year.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $6.1 million, or 6%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, mainly due to lower LIBOR rates on our variable-rate debt that were partially offset by an increase in debt outstanding as a result of the refinancing of the 777 Tower mortgage loan in October 2019.

Gain from Derecognition of Assets

During the year ended December 31, 2019, New OP entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in the Property Owner, the indirect property owner of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property, in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture and recognized a $24.8 million gain. See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4—Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture.”

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2017

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Discussion of Results of Operations” in Brookfield DTLA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2019 for a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.


Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Discussion of Consolidated Cash Flows


The following summary discussion of Brookfield DTLA’s cash flows is based on the consolidated statements of cash flows in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and is not meant to be an all‑inclusive discussion of the changes in its cash flows for the periods presented below.


A summary of changes in Brookfield DTLA’s cash flows is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,Dollar
Change
20212020
Net cash provided by operating activities$61,652 $52,949 $8,703 
Net cash used in investing activities$(23,836)$(58,062)$34,226 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities$(33,076)$29,608 $(62,684)
 For the Year Ended December 31, 
Dollar
Change
 2019 2018 
  
Net cash provided by operating activities$39,785
 $17,389
 $22,396
Net cash used in investing activities(127,775) (90,065) (37,710)
Net cash provided by financing activities41,208
 110,941
 (69,733)


Operating Activities


Brookfield DTLA’s cash flows from operating activities are primarily dependent upon (1) the occupancy level of its portfolio, (2) the rental rates achieved on its leases, and (3) the collectabilitycollectibility of rent and other amounts billed to tenants, (4) changes in working capital, and is also tied to the level of operating expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $39.8 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $17.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.(5) interest payments. The $22.4 million increaseincrease in cash provided by operating activities is primarily dueattributable to increases incash inflows from working capital yearchanges by $12.7 million and decreases in interest payments on secured debt by $8.9 million. Working capital changes are subject to variability period over year.period as a result of timing differences, including with respect to the collection of tenant receivables and payments of accounts and tenant payables. The cash inflows were partially offset by decreases in cash lease revenue by $11.7 million, reflecting the reduction in occupancy.


Investing Activities


Brookfield DTLA’s cash flows from investing activities are generally impacted by the amount of capital expenditures and tenant improvement activities for its properties. Net cash usedThe decrease in investing activities totaled $127.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to net cash used in investing activities was mainly due to decreases in capital expenditures by $17.7 million following the completion of $90.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company spent $59.1 million for tenant improvements at BOA Plaza, EY Plaza, 777 Tower and Wells Fargo Center–North Tower in connection with lease renewals by major tenants along with continued atrium renovations and elevator upgradesdevelopment project at Wells Fargo Center totaling $37.9 million. Duringin 2020, and decreases in tenant improvement expenditure by $5.8 million. Furthermore, following the year ended December 31, 2018,onset of the Company spent $21.3 million for tenant improvements at 777 Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South TowerCOVID-19 pandemic, Brookfield DTLA strategically deferred and Wells Fargo Center–North Tower in connection with lease renewals by major tenants along with continued the atrium renovations and elevator upgrades at Wells Fargo Center totaling $23.8 million.cancelled various capital expenditure projects of lower priority.



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)


Financing Activities


Brookfield DTLA’s cash flows from financing activities are generally impacted by its loan activity, and contributions from and distributions to its mezzanine equity holders, and distributions to its stockholders, if any. Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $41.2 million during

During the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to2021, net cash provided by financing activities of $110.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. Net proceeds from the refinancing of the mortgage loanloans secured by the 777Gas Company Tower office property and the issuance of Series B preferred interest of $25.5 million were the main source of cash receivedprovided by financing activities. All proceeds from the lender for approved leasing costs undernew secured loans were used to pay off the future advance portionoriginal $450.0 million encumbrance and to satisfy the new loans’ required reserves. As Brookfield DTLA had excess cash from operating activities, it repurchased $45.3 million of the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan, partially offset by netSeries B preferred interest and made distributions of $17.8 million to the Series B and senior participating preferred interests, were the primary source of net cash provided by financing activities duringinterest.

During the year ended December 31, 2019. Net2020, net proceeds from the refinancing of the Wells Fargo Center–North Tower,loans secured by EY Plaza office property and FIGgat7th mortgage loans, partially offsetproceeds from the Series B preferred interest of $47.9 million were the main source of cash provided by financing activities. Cash outflows were mainly driven by repurchases of and distributions to the Series B preferred interest of $34.2 millionand senior participating preferred interests, were$17.9 million, respectively, using the main sourceexcess cash from the upsized refinancing of netthe loans secured by 777 Tower and EY Plaza and operating activities generated from other properties.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2019

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Discussion of Consolidated Cash Flows” in Brookfield DTLA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 25, 2021 for a discussion of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated cash provided by financing activities duringflows for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Brookfield DTLA did not have any off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations as of2020 compared to the date this report was filed,year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.2019.




43

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Discussion of Results of Operations
Contractual Obligations

The following table provides information with respect to Brookfield DTLA’s commitments asComparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2019, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations (in thousands):2021 to December 31, 2020


Consolidated Statements of Operations Information
(In millions, except percentage amounts)
For the Year Ended
December 31,		Increase/
(Decrease)		%
Change
20212020
Revenue:
Lease income$257.4 $256.7 $0.7 — %
Parking25.4 27.8 (2.4)(9)%
Interest and other1.0 1.0 — — %
Total revenue283.8 285.5 (1.7)(1)%
Expenses:
Rental property operating and maintenance97.4 96.3 1.1 1 %
Real estate taxes39.7 39.3 0.4 1 %
Parking8.6 10.6 (2.0)(19)%
Other expenses8.6 14.0 (5.4)(39)%
Depreciation and amortization104.0 104.9 (0.9)(1)%
Interest79.7 82.8 (3.1)(4)%
Total expenses338.0 347.9 (9.9)(3)%
Other Income (Expense):
Equity in earning (loss) of unconsolidated
    real estate joint venture		0.8 (0.5)1.3 (260)%
Total other income (expense)0.8 (0.5)1.3 (260)%
Net loss$(53.4)$(62.9)$9.5 (15)%

Parking revenue and expense

Parking revenue includes monthly and transient parking income. With the restrictive measures imposed on non‑essential businesses and employees working from home, both parking revenue and variable expense decreased accordingly. Although state and local authorities began easing restrictions on businesses in the second quarter of 2021 and the California State fully reopened its economy in June 2021, the physical occupancy of our office properties has remained well below capacity as infection rates fluctuated and most employers continued their COVID-19 response protocols and allowed employees to work from home when possible.

44
 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
              
Principal payments on
     secured debt (1)		$765,000
 $710,796
 $—
 $58,500
 $675,000
 $—
 $2,209,296
Interest payments –             
Fixed-rate debt (2)38,697
 30,590
 18,726
 16,803
 11,025
 —
 115,841
Variable-rate swapped to
     fixed-rate debt
8,875
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 8,875
Variable-rate debt (3)37,105
 18,148
 10,359
 10,359
 8,656
 —
 84,627
Tenant-related commitments (4)23,608
 2,700
 5,407
 1,081
 931
 1,634
 35,361
Construction-related
     commitments (5)		10,318
 —
 —
 —
 —
 —
 10,318
 $883,603
 $762,234
 $34,492
 $86,743
 $695,612
 $1,634
 $2,464,318

__________
(1)
On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in a company whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, which matures in October 2020. See “Related Party Transactions.”
(2)Interest payments on fixed-rate debt are calculated based on contractual interest rates and scheduled maturity dates.
(3)Interest payments on variable-rate debt are calculated based on scheduled maturity dates and the one-month LIBOR rate in place on the debt as of December 31, 2019 plus the contractual spread per the loan agreements. Interest payments due to the related-party lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower total $1.9 million during the year ending December 31, 2020.
(4)Tenant-related commitments include tenant improvements and leasing commissions and are based on executed leases as of December 31, 2019. Tenant-related commitments due to the related-party lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower total $623 thousand during the year ending December 31, 2020.
(5)Construction-related commitments include amounts due to contractors related to the atrium renovation project at Wells Fargo Center based on executed contracts as of December 31, 2019.


Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Other Expenses
Related Party Transactions

Management Agreements

Certain subsidiaries of Brookfield DTLA have entered into arrangements with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager provides property management and various other services. Property management fees under the management agreements entered into in connection with these arrangements are calculated based on 2.75% of rents collected (as defined in the management agreements). In addition, the Company pays anOther expenses mainly represent asset management fee, audit and professional fees, and miscellaneous expenses. Decrease in other expenses was mainly due to BPYnonrecurring charges made during the year ended December 31, 2020, including a provision for loan losses related to a construction loan receivable to a Company’s affiliate of $2.7 million, a realized loss on interest rate swap contracts of $1.8 million, and BAM, which is calculated baseda loss on 0.75%early extinguishment of debt and termination of interest rate swap contracts of $1.0 million.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased primarily due to decline in weighted average LIBOR rates on our variable-rate debt from 0.49% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 0.13% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Comparison of the capital invested by DTLA HoldingsYear Ended December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2019

See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Discussion of Results of Operations” in Brookfield DTLA’s properties. Leasing management fees paidAnnual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2021 for a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the Manager range from 1.00%��to 4.00% of expected rents, depending on the terms of the lease and whether a third-party broker was paid a commission for the transaction. Construction management fees are paid to the Manager based on 3.00% of hard and soft construction costs. Development management fees are paid to the Manager and Brookfield affiliates by the unconsolidated real estate joint venture based on 3.00% of hard and soft construction costs.year ended December 31, 2019.

A summary of costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries under these arrangements is as follows (in thousands):


45
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Property management fee expense$8,479
 $8,111
 $8,136
Asset management fee expense6,161
 6,330
 6,330
Leasing and construction management fees5,051
 3,209
 5,198
Development management fees (1)991
 —
 —
General, administrative and reimbursable expenses2,865
 3,007
 2,613

__________
(1)Amount presented is calculated by applying the Company’s ownership interest percentage in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture as of period end to the amounts capitalized during the period. Amounts capitalized prior to May 31, 2019 (the date our wholly‑owned interests in the Property Owner were transferred to the joint venture) are reported at 100%.


Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Insurance Agreements

Properties held by certain Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates are covered under insurance policies entered into by the Manager that provide, among other things, all risk property and business interruption coverage for BPY’s commercial portfolio with an aggregate limit of $2.5 billion per occurrence as well as an aggregate limit of $437.5 million of earthquake insurance for California, and $372.5 million of flood and weather catastrophe insurance. In addition, Brookfield DTLA’s properties are covered by a terrorism insurance policy that provides a maximum of $4.0 billion per occurrence for all of BPY’s U.S. properties. Brookfield DTLA is in compliance with the contractual obligations regarding terrorism insurance contained in such policies. Insurance premiums for Brookfield DTLA’s properties are paid by the Manager. Brookfield DTLA reimburses the Manager for the amount of fees and expenses related to such policies that have been allocated to the Company’s properties as determined by the Manager in its reasonable discretion taking into consideration certain facts and circumstances, including the value of the Company’s properties.

A summary of costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates under this arrangement is as follows (in thousands):

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Insurance expense$9,286
 $8,026
 $7,795

Other Related Party Transactions with BAM Affiliates


A summarySee Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 14—Related Party Transactions” of the impact of other related party transactions with BAM affiliatesthis Annual Report on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations is as follows (in thousands):Form 10-K.


 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Lease income$5,916
 $1,928
 $—
Interest and other revenue208
 —
 —
Rental property operating and maintenance expense (1)676
 862
 579
Other expense142
 —
 —
Interest expense (2)613
 —
 —
__________
(1)Amounts presented are for purchases of chilled water for air conditioning at one of the Company’s properties.
(2)
On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Interest payable to the lender totals $112 thousand as of December 31, 2019. See “Indebtedness.”


Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Litigation


See Part I, Item 3. “Legal Proceedings.”Proceedings” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Critical Accounting PoliciesEstimates


Critical accounting policiesestimates are those thatdefined as accounting estimates or assumptions made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty or subjectivity and have had or are both significantreasonably likely to the overall presentation of Brookfield DTLA’shave a material impact on our financial condition andor results of operations and require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments. The Company considers the following to be itsoperations. Our significant accounting policies, which utilize these critical accounting policies:estimates, are described in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data —Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. Our critical accounting estimates are described below.

Determination of Controlling Financial Interest

The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. In determining whether Brookfield DTLA has a controlling financial interest in an entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners/members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and Brookfield DTLA is the primary beneficiary.

A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support.

A variable interest holder is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Brookfield DTLA qualitatively assesses whether it is (or is not) the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

Consideration of various factors includes, but is not limited to, Brookfield DTLA’s ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, its form of ownership interest, its representation on the VIE’s governing body, the size and seniority of its investment, its ability and the rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions and its ability to replace the manager of and/or liquidate the entity. Brookfield DTLA is required to continually evaluate its VIE relationships and consolidation conclusion.

Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC. The Company earns a return through an indirect investment in New OP. DTLA Holdings, the parent of Brookfield DTLA, owns all of the common interest in New OP. Brookfield DTLA has an indirect preferred stock interest in New OP and its wholly owned subsidiary is the managing member of New OP. The Company determined that New OP is a VIE and as a result of having the power to direct the significant activities of New OP and exposure to the economic performance of New OP, Brookfield DTLA meets the two conditions for being the primary beneficiary.


Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture. New OP has noncontrolling interests in a joint venture with DTLA FP IV Holdings. The Company determined that the joint venture is a VIE mainly because its equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the joint venture’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. While the joint venture meets the definition of a VIE, Brookfield DTLA is not its primary beneficiary as the Company lacks the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint venture’s economic performance. Therefore, the Company accounts for its ownership interest in the joint venture under the equity method.


Impairment Evaluationof Long-lived Assets


Impairment of investments in real estate

Investments in long-lived assets, including our investments in real estate, are reviewed for impairment quarterly or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the real estate maylong-lived assets might not be recoverable. In suchrecoverable, which is referred to as a “triggering event” or an event, a comparison is made between (i) the current and projected operating cash flows of the property into the foreseeable future on an undiscounted basis and (ii) the“impairment indicator.” The carrying amount of long-lived assets to be held and used is deemed not recoverable if it exceeds the property.estimated sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Triggering events or impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used are assessed by property and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, changes in occupancy, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, rental rates, and other market factors.

When conducting the impairment review of our investments in real estate, we assessed the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors that require management to make assumptions and apply judgement. These factors include, but are not limited to, the credit quality of our tenants, available market information, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the asset, and historical and forecasted financial and operating information relating to the property, such as net operating income, occupancy statistics, vacancy projections, renewal percentage, and rent collection rates. If the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a property are less than its carrying amount, the Company determines the fair value of the property and an impairment provisionloss would be recorded to write down the carrying amount of such property to its fair value. Brookfield DTLA assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections utilizing appropriate discountAs of December 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of our investments in real estate aggregated $2.4 billion, or approximately 87% of our total assets. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and capitalization rates and available market information. Projections of future cash flows take into account the specific business plan for the property and management’s best estimate of the most probable set of economic conditions expected to prevail in the market. Management believes no impairment2020, management concluded that none of Brookfield DTLA’s real estate properties existed at December 31, 2019 and 2018.were impaired.

Recognition of Lease Income

Brookfield DTLA’s lease income primarily represents revenue related to agreements for rental of our investments in real estate, subject to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases. All of the leases in which the Company is the lessor are classified as operating leases. The Company’s leases do not have guarantees of residual value of the underlying assets. We manage risk associated with the residual value of our leased assets by carefully selecting our tenants and monitoring their credit quality throughout their respective lease terms. Upon the expiration or termination of a lease, the Company often has the ability to re-lease the space with an existing tenant or to a new tenant within a reasonable amount of time.

The Company’s lease income is comprised of variable payments including fixed and contingent rental payments and tenant recoveries. Fixed contractual payments from the Company’s leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of lease income recognized during the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the customer assumes control of the leased premises.

Certain leases with retail tenants also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rent based on a percentage of the tenant’s sales. Percentage rents are recognized as lease income only after the tenant sales thresholds have been achieved.



46

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Tenant recoveries, including reimbursementsImpairment of utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses,an investment in unconsolidated real estate taxesjoint venture

Our investment in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties IV LLC, is evaluated for impairment when conditions exist that may indicate that the decrease in the carrying amount of our investment has occurred and insurance,is other than temporary. Triggering events or impairment indicators for an unconsolidated real estate joint venture includes its recurring operating losses, and other operating expenses, are recognizedevents such as lease incomesignificant changes in construction costs, estimated completion dates, and other factors related to the development property owned by the real estate joint venture. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of our investment in the period when the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises.

Some of the Company’s leases have termination options that allow the tenant to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term under certain circumstances. Termination options generally become effective half way or further into the original lease term and require advance notification from the tenant and payment of a termination fee that reimburses the Company for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements and lease incentives. Termination fees are recognized as lease income at the later of when the tenant has vacated the space or the lease has expired, a fully executed lease termination agreement has been delivered to the Company, the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.

In addition, under Topic 842, Brookfield DTLA must assess on an individual lease basis whether it is probable that the Company will collect the future lease payments throughout the lease term. The Company considers the tenant’s payment history and current credit status when assessing collectability. If the collectability of the lease payments is probable at lease commencement, the Company recognizes lease income over the lease term on a straight-line basis. When collectability is not deemed probable at the commencement date, the Company’s lease income is constrained to the lesser of (1) the income that would have been recognized if collection were probable, and (2) the lease payments that have been collected from the lessee. If the collectability assessment changes to probable after the commencement date, any difference between the lease income that would have been recognized if collectability had always been assessed as probable and the lease income recognized to date is recognized as a current-period adjustment to lease income. If the collectability assessment changes to not probable after the commencement date, lease income is reversed to the extent that the lease payments that have been collected from the lessee are less than the lease income recognized to date.

Effects of Inflation

Substantially all of Brookfield DTLA’s office leases provide for separateunconsolidated real estate taxjoint venture was $43.2 million, or approximately 2% of our total assets. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and operating expense escalations. In addition, many of the leases provide for fixed base rent increases. Brookfield DTLA believes that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and expense escalations described above.2020, no other-than-temporary impairments related to our unconsolidated real estate joint venture were identified.



Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

Recently Issued Accounting Literature
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

Please refer to Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 3—Leases”2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussioninformation regarding the impact of ourthe adoption of Topic 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019.

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This update introduced amendments to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, intended to make targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedgenew accounting guidance in current GAAP. The objective of this update is to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Brookfield DTLA adopted the guidance in ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. ASU 2018-16 amends Topic 815 by expanding the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate. Brookfield DTLA adopted this update effective January 1, 2019. Upon adoption on January 1, 2019 andpronouncements during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had no hedges based on SOFR, and hence, the adoption of this update did not have a material impact on Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated financial statements. Should the Company issue variable interest rate debt in the future, including SOFR-based debt, and enter into related interest rate hedge agreements to manage the Company’s exposure to variable interest rates, the Company will continue applying the interest rate hedge accounting policy that has been applied to the Company’s interest rate hedge agreements based on LIBOR.2021.



47

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Accounting Pronouncements Effective January 1, 2020

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to amend the accounting for credit losses for certain financial instruments. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes its estimate of expected credit losses as an allowance, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. In November 2018, the FASB released ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. This amendment clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Subtopic 842-30, Leases—Lessor. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted as of the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018, including adoption in an interim period. The majority of the Company’s receivables arise in the ordinary course of business under operating leases with its tenants and are therefore not subject to the guidance in Subtopic 326-20. Brookfield DTLA does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement(Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 amends Topic 820 by adding new fair value measurement disclosure requirements, as well as modifying and removing certain disclosure requirements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures. Brookfield DTLA does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities, which amends the related-party guidance in Topic 810. Specifically, ASU 2018-17 removes a sentence in ASC 810-10-55-37D regarding the evaluation of fees paid to decision makers to conform with the amendments in ASU 2016-17. ASU 2018-17 is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Brookfield DTLA does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.



Table of Contents
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)

Subsequent Event

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID–19”)

Brookfield DTLA owns, operates and manages commercial office and retail properties in the LACBD and receives its income primarily from lease income generated from tenants of those properties. Our business may be vulnerable to damages from a number of sources, including major health issues and pandemics, such as COVID–19, commerce and travel, which may adversely affect trade and global and local economic conditions. Such adverse developments could include oversupply of or reduced demand for office and retail space; business layoffs; downsizings; relocations; increased telecommuting; or industry slowdowns affecting the tenants of our properties.

Tenants of our properties may experience a downturn in their business from the effects of COVID–19, which could cause the loss of tenants or weaken their financial condition and result in the tenants’ inability to make lease payments when due or require rent concessions. In the event of a significant number of lease defaults and/or tenant bankruptcies, it may be difficult, costly and time consuming to attract new tenants and lease the space for the rent and on terms as favorable as the previous leases or at all. The loss of lease payments from tenants and costs of re-leasing would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, and our cash flows may not be sufficient to meet all of our obligations and liabilities.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of the COVID–19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID–19.



Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.


Interest Rate Risk


Interest rate fluctuations may impact Brookfield DTLA’s results of operations and cash flows. As of December 31, 2019, $1,070.8 million,2021, $1.8 billion, or 49%80%, of Brookfield DTLA’s debt bears interest at variable rates based on one‑month LIBOR. Brookfield DTLA does not trade in financial instruments for speculative purposes.


Brookfield DTLA’s interest rate swap and cap contracts in place as of December 31, 20192021 are as follows (in thousands, except rate and date information):follows:

Notional
Value		Strike
Rate
Effective
Date
Expiration
Date		Fair
Value
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower$400,000 2.57 %10/15/202110/15/2022$7 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower65,000 2.57 %10/15/202110/15/20221 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower35,000 2.57 %10/15/202110/15/20221 
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower290,000 3.63 %11/4/202011/4/20224 
777 Tower268,600 4.00 %11/10/202111/10/20223 
777 Tower50,000 4.00 %11/10/202111/10/20221 
EY Plaza275,000 4.00 %9/22/202010/15/20222 
EY Plaza30,000 4.00 %9/22/202010/15/2022— 
Gas Company Tower350,000 4.00 %2/3/20212/15/202320 
Gas Company Tower65,000 4.00 %2/3/20212/15/20234 
Gas Company Tower50,000 4.00 %2/3/20212/15/20233 
Total$1,878,600 $46 
  
Notional
Value
 
Strike
Rate
 
Effective
Date 
 
Expiration
Date
 
Fair
Value
           
Interest rate swap $168,151
 2.18% 11/27/2013 11/2/2020 $(763)
Interest rate swap 54,206
 2.47% 3/29/2018 11/2/2020 (380)
Interest rate cap 400,000
 4.25% 9/21/2018 10/15/2020 —
Interest rate cap 65,000
 4.25% 9/21/2018 10/15/2020 —
Interest rate cap 35,000
 4.25% 9/21/2018 10/15/2020 —
Interest rate cap 290,000
 4.50% 11/5/2018 11/4/2020 —
Interest rate cap 268,600
 4.00% 10/31/2019 11/10/2021 1
Interest rate cap 50,000
 4.00% 10/31/2019 11/10/2021 —
Interest rate cap 35,000
 3.50% 10/1/2019 11/27/2020 —
          $(1,142)


Interest Rate Sensitivity


The impact of an assumed 50 basis point movement in interest rates would have had the following impact on Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated statements of operations and financial position during the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):2021:

Fair Value of
Interest
Expense		Secured
Debt
50 basis point increase$9,154 $(6,826)
50 basis point decrease$(8,936)$3,791 
   Fair Value of
 
Interest
Expense
 
Secured
Debt
 
Interest
Rate Swaps
      
50 basis point increase$5,467
 $(10,817) $825
50 basis point decrease(5,467) 5,715
 (830)


The impact of a 50 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would have an immaterial effect on the fair value of Brookfield DTLA’s interest rate cap contracts as of December 31, 2019.2021.


These amounts were determined considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on Brookfield DTLA’s financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in that environment. Furthermore, in the event of a change of the magnitude discussed above, management may take actions to further mitigate Brookfield DTLA’s exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in Brookfield DTLA’s financial structure.



48


Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page
Page
5750
5853
Consolidated Statements of Operations
for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
6055
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
6156
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
6257
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
6358
6661





49


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc.:


Opinion on the Financial Statements


We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, and the results of itstheir operations and itstheir cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.


Basis for Opinion


These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.


We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.


Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.



Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

50

Impairment Review — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s investments in long-lived assets, including investments in real estate, are reviewed for impairment quarterly or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets might not be recoverable, which is referred to as a "triggering event" or an "impairment indicator." The carrying amount of long-lived assets to be held and used is deemed not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Triggering events or impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used are assessed by property and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, changes in occupancy, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, rental rates, and other market factors. The impact of the measures imposed to combat the spread of the COVID -19 pandemic on economic and market conditions, together with many of the Company's tenants working from home, was deemed to be a triggering event during the year ended December 31, 2021.

When conducting the impairment review of the investments in real estate, the Company assessed the expected undiscounted cash flows based on numerous factors, including the impact of the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic. These factors include, but are not limited to, the credit quality of their tenants, available market information, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the asset, and historical and forecasted financial and operating information relating to the property, such as net operating income, occupancy statistics, vacancy projections, renewal percentage, and rent collection rates. If the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a property are less than its carrying amount, the Company determines the fair value of the property and an impairment loss would be recorded to write down the carrying amount of such property to its fair value. Based on its review, management concluded that none of Brookfield DTLA’s real estate properties were impaired during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Given the Company’s evaluation of possible impairment indicators of its investments in real estate requires management to make significant assumptions, performing audit procedures to evaluate whether management appropriately identified events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amounts of investments in real estate may not be recoverable required a high degree of auditor judgment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the evaluation of investments in real estate for possible indicators of impairment included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the Company’s assessment of impairment indicators and estimate of future operating performance of the assets by evaluating the following:

•Inquired with management, read minutes of executive committee and Board of Directors meetings and identified any indicators that it is likely a long-lived investment in real estate will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

•Tested investments in real estate for possible indicators of impairment, including searching for adverse real-estate-specific and/or market conditions.

51

•Compared the carrying value of the assets to their respective fair values to assess whether any properties had a carrying value in excess of the fair value which could be an indicator of impairment. Further, we evaluated the reasonableness of the cash flow assumptions utilized in the fair value analysis by testing management’s ability to forecast future cash flows by comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated certain key assumptions utilized by management to determine the fair value of the investments in real estate such as the (1) valuation methodology utilized by management; (2) the discount rate, rental rates, growth rates, and capitalization rates; and (3) mathematical accuracy of the calculation by developing a range of independent estimates and comparing our estimates to those used by management.



/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP


New York, NYNew York


March 26, 202024, 2022


We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.



52


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)

As of December 31,
20212020
ASSETS
Investments in Real Estate:
Land$222,555 $222,555 
Buildings and improvements2,308,836 2,307,762 
Tenant improvements418,460 437,114 
Investments in real estate, gross2,949,851 2,967,431 
Less: accumulated depreciation580,403 517,329 
Investments in real estate, net2,369,448 2,450,102 
Investment in unconsolidated real estate joint venture43,191 42,395 
Cash and cash equivalents38,901 37,394 
Restricted cash49,322 46,089 
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net125,625 133,639 
Intangible assets, net16,023 22,046 
Deferred charges, net57,529 63,406 
Due from affiliates, net of allowance for loan losses of $0
and $2,653 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively
10,062 10,847 
Prepaid and other assets, net12,377 10,538 
Total assets$2,722,478 $2,816,456 
LIABILITIES AND DEFICIT
Liabilities:
Secured debt, net$2,255,921 $2,239,640 
Accounts payable and other liabilities77,612 96,041 
Due to affiliates1,782 1,700 
Intangible liabilities, net4,455 6,005 
Total liabilities2,339,770 2,343,386 
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16)
00

 As of December 31,
 2019 2018
ASSETS   
Investments in Real Estate:   
Land$222,555
 $227,555
Buildings and improvements2,283,350
 2,245,818
Tenant improvements419,670
 361,077
Investments in real estate, gross2,925,575
 2,834,450
Less: accumulated depreciation466,405
 418,205
Investments in real estate, net2,459,170
 2,416,245
Investment in unconsolidated real estate joint venture42,920
 —
Cash and cash equivalents33,964
 80,421
Restricted cash25,024
 25,349
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net138,010
 151,509
Intangible assets, net31,895
 44,640
Deferred charges, net68,290
 67,731
Due from affiliates18,359
 —
Prepaid and other assets, net9,340
 9,763
Total assets$2,826,972
 $2,795,658
    
LIABILITIES AND DEFICIT   
Liabilities:   
Secured debt, net$2,199,980
 $2,140,724
Accounts payable and other liabilities79,845
 63,678
Due to affiliates5,400
 3,834
Intangible liabilities, net8,306
 12,454
Total liabilities2,293,531
 2,220,690
    
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 17)

 
































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

53


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(In thousands, except share amounts)

As of December 31,
20212020
LIABILITIES AND DEFICIT (continued)
Mezzanine Equity:
7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock,
    $0.01 par value, 9,730,370 shares issued and
    outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
$465,577 $447,028 
Noncontrolling Interests:
Series A-1 preferred interest452,454 435,242 
Senior participating preferred interest21,191 20,413 
Series B preferred interest177,290 198,827 
Total mezzanine equity1,116,512 1,101,510 
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares issued and
    outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
— — 
Additional paid-in capital203,369 202,369 
Accumulated deficit(865,927)(726,369)
Noncontrolling interests(71,246)(104,440)
Total stockholders’ deficit(733,804)(628,440)
Total liabilities and deficit$2,722,478 $2,816,456 

 As of December 31,
 2019 2018
LIABILITIES AND DEFICIT (continued)   
Mezzanine Equity:   
7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock,
    $0.01 par value, 9,730,370 shares issued and
    outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
$428,480
 $409,932
Noncontrolling Interests:   
Series A-1 preferred interest418,029
 400,816
Senior participating preferred interest22,362
 23,443
Series B preferred interest185,352
 181,698
Total mezzanine equity1,054,223
 1,015,889
    
Stockholders’ Deficit:   
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares issued and
    outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
—
 —
Additional paid-in capital197,535
 195,825
Accumulated deficit(499,793) (385,158)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,341) (107)
Noncontrolling interests(216,183) (251,481)
Total stockholders’ deficit(520,782) (440,921)
Total liabilities and deficit$2,826,972
 $2,795,658

















































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



54


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Revenue:
Lease income$257,352 $256,733 $276,895 
Parking25,426 27,775 39,715 
Interest and other1,020 1,040 1,235 
Total revenue283,798 285,548 317,845 
Expenses:
Rental property operating and maintenance97,444 96,347 105,738 
Real estate taxes39,702 39,292 37,657 
Parking8,570 10,648 10,373 
Other expenses8,604 13,952 9,031 
Depreciation and amortization104,047 104,920 105,529 
Interest79,739 82,808 98,875 
Total expenses338,106 347,967 367,203 
Other Income (Expense):
Gain from derecognition of assets— — 24,777 
Equity in earning (loss) of unconsolidated
    real estate joint venture		796 (525)(2,080)
Total other income (expense)796 (525)22,697 
Net loss(53,512)(62,944)(26,661)
Net loss (income) attributable to
     noncontrolling interests:
Series A-1 preferred interest returns17,212 17,213 17,213 
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments		1,028 (1,580)(1,017)
Series B preferred interest returns16,063 17,708 18,049 
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net income		33,194 111,743 35,181 
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(121,009)(208,028)(96,087)
Series A preferred stock dividends18,549 18,548 18,548 
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA		$(139,558)$(226,576)$(114,635)

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019
2018
2017
  
Revenue:     
Lease income$276,895
 $268,133
 $262,207
Parking39,715
 37,252
 37,093
Interest and other1,235
 10,295
 7,022
Total revenue317,845
 315,680
 306,322
Expenses:     
Rental property operating and maintenance105,738
 98,940
 93,945
Real estate taxes37,657
 40,013
 37,758
Parking10,373
 10,165
 9,374
Other expense9,031
 9,920
 11,508
Depreciation and amortization105,529
 96,264
 97,808
Interest98,875
 105,035
 93,566
Total expenses367,203
 360,337
 343,959
Other Income:     
Gain from derecognition of assets24,777
 —
 —
Equity in loss of unconsolidated
    real estate joint venture
(2,080) —
 —
Total other income22,697
 —
 —
Net loss(26,661) (44,657) (37,637)
Net loss (income) attributable to
     noncontrolling interests:
     
Series A-1 preferred interest returns17,213
 17,306
 17,213
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments
(1,017) 1,482
 479
Series B preferred interest returns18,049
 17,961
 13,435
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net income (loss)
35,181
 28,343
 (45,699)
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(96,087) (109,749) (23,065)
Series A preferred stock dividends18,548
 18,532
 18,548
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA
$(114,635) $(128,281) $(41,613)














See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

55


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Net loss$(53,512)$(62,944)$(26,661)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Interest rate swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized derivative holding gains (losses)— 562 (2,117)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss included in net loss— 1,779 — 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)— 2,341 (2,117)
Comprehensive loss(53,512)(60,603)(28,778)
Less: comprehensive income
         attributable to noncontrolling interests		67,497 145,084 69,543 
Comprehensive loss attributable to
    common interest holders of
    Brookfield DTLA		$(121,009)$(205,687)$(98,321)

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
  
      
Net loss$(26,661) $(44,657) $(37,637)
      
Other comprehensive (loss) income:     
Derivative transactions:     
Unrealized derivative holding (losses) gains(2,117) 1,548
 2,799
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized
         gain included in net loss
—
 1,198
 —
Total other comprehensive (loss) income(2,117) 350
 2,799
      
Comprehensive loss(28,778) (44,307) (34,838)
Less: comprehensive income (loss)
         attributable to noncontrolling interests
69,543
 65,276
 (13,107)
Comprehensive loss attributable to
    common interest holders of
    Brookfield DTLA
$(98,321) $(109,583) $(21,731)









































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



56


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(In thousands, except share amounts)

Number of
Shares		Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Non-
controlling
Interests		Total
Stockholders’
Deficit
Common
Stock
Balance, December 31, 20181,000 $— $195,825 $(385,158)$(107)$(251,481)$(440,921)
Net (loss) income(96,087)69,426 (26,661)
Other comprehensive (loss) income(2,234)117 (2,117)
Contributions1,710 1,710 
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity		(18,548)(34,245)(52,793)
Balance, December 31, 20191,000 — 197,535 (499,793)(2,341)(216,183)(520,782)
Net (loss) income(208,028)145,084 (62,944)
Other comprehensive income2,341 — 2,341 
Contributions4,834 4,834 
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity		(18,548)(33,341)(51,889)
Balance, December 31, 20201,000 — 202,369 (726,369)— (104,440)(628,440)
Net (loss) income(121,009)67,497 (53,512)
Other comprehensive income— — — 
Contributions1,000 1,000 
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity		(18,549)(34,303)(52,852)
Balance, December 31, 20211,000 $— $203,369 $(865,927)$— $(71,246)$(733,804)

  
Number of
Shares
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Non-
controlling
Interest
 
Total
Stockholders’
Deficit
  
Common
Stock
      
   
Balance, December 31, 2016 1,000
 $—
 $194,210
 $(215,264) $(1,607) $(235,774) $(258,435)
Net loss       (23,065)   (14,572) (37,637)
Other comprehensive income         1,334
 1,465
 2,799
Contributions     —
       —
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity
       (18,548)   (31,127) (49,675)
Balance, December 31, 2017 1,000
 —
 194,210
 (256,877) (273) (280,008) (342,948)
Net (loss) income       (109,749)   65,092
 (44,657)
Other comprehensive income         166
 184
 350
Contributions     1,615
       1,615
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity
       (18,532)   (36,749) (55,281)
Balance, December 31, 2018 1,000
 —
 195,825
 (385,158) (107) (251,481) (440,921)
Net (loss) income       (96,087)   69,426
 (26,661)
Other comprehensive (loss)
   income
         (2,234) 117
 (2,117)
Contributions     1,710
       1,710
Dividends, preferred returns and
    redemption measurement
    adjustments on mezzanine
    equity
       (18,548)   (34,245) (52,793)
Balance, December 31, 2019 1,000
 $—
 $197,535
 $(499,793) $(2,341) $(216,183) $(520,782)































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

57


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$(53,512)$(62,944)$(26,661)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization104,047 104,920 105,529 
Gain from derecognition of assets— — (24,777)
Equity in (earning) loss of unconsolidated real estate joint venture(796)525 2,080 
(Recovery) write-off of lease receivables previously deemed uncollectible(1,136)8,400 165 
Provision for loan losses— 2,653 — 
Amortization of acquired below-market leases,
     net of acquired above-market leases		206 1,331 (195)
Straight-line rent amortization(1,413)1,441 (10,083)
Amortization of tenant inducements3,803 3,897 3,852 
Amortization and write-off of debt financing costs7,825 5,471 5,264 
Loss on early extinguishment of debt4,575 — — 
Unrealized (gain) loss on interest rate cap contracts(41)127 44 
Realized loss (gain) on interest rate swap contracts— 1,779 — 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net6,383 (4,496)299 
Deferred charges, net(9,446)(7,053)(8,497)
Due from affiliates, net1,043 (647)(2,690)
Prepaid and other assets, net(1,726)(1,019)(570)
Accounts payable and other liabilities1,758 (1,570)(5,541)
Due to affiliates82 134 1,566 
Net cash provided by operating activities61,652 52,949 39,785 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Expenditures for real estate improvements(23,836)(58,062)(127,775)
Net cash used in investing activities(23,836)(58,062)(127,775)

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
  
Cash flows from operating activities:     
Net loss$(26,661) $(44,657) $(37,637)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
     net cash provided by operating
     activities:
     
Depreciation and amortization105,529
 96,264
 97,808
Gain from derecognition of assets(24,777) —
 —
Equity in loss of unconsolidated real estate
     joint venture
2,080
 —
 —
Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts165
 190
 (7)
Amortization of acquired below-market leases,
     net of acquired above-market leases		(195) 222
 (2,219)
Straight-line rent amortization(10,083) (11,399) (11,237)
Amortization of tenant inducements3,852
 4,228
 3,816
Amortization of debt financing costs and
     discounts
5,264
 9,565
 6,400
Unrealized loss on interest rate cap contracts44
 —
 —
Realized gain on interest rate swap contract—
 (1,198) —
Changes in assets and liabilities:     
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net299
 (12,179) (3,850)
Deferred charges, net(8,497) (22,209) (15,336)
Due from affiliates(2,690) —
 —
Prepaid and other assets, net(570) (82) 139
Accounts payable and other liabilities(5,541) 6,083
 (3,037)
Due to affiliates1,566
 (7,439) (3,054)
Net cash provided by operating activities39,785
 17,389
 31,786
Cash flows from investing activities:     
Expenditures for real estate improvements(127,775) (90,065) (74,696)
Net cash used in investing activities(127,775) (90,065) (74,696)
















See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

58


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(In thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from secured debt$465,000 $305,000 $277,610 
Principal payments on secured debt(450,000)(265,000)(220,000)
Proceeds from Series B preferred interest25,500 47,850 40,700 
Proceeds from senior participating preferred interest629 777 538 
Distributions to Series B preferred interest(17,794)(17,865)(20,574)
Repurchases of Series B preferred interest(45,306)(34,218)(34,521)
Distributions to senior participating preferred interest(879)(1,146)(602)
Contributions to additional paid-in capital1,000 1,000 1,710 
Purchase of interest rate cap contracts(107)(130)(35)
Payment for early extinguishment of debt and
termination of interest rate swap contracts
(4,575)(849)— 
Debt financing costs paid(6,544)(5,811)(3,618)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(33,076)29,608 41,208 
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and
    restricted cash		4,740 24,495 (46,782)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    at beginning of year		83,483 58,988 105,770 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    at end of year		$88,223 $83,483 $58,988 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest$67,976 $76,873 $93,020 
Cash paid for income taxes$1,723 $792 $59 

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
  
Cash flows from financing activities:     
Proceeds from secured debt$277,610
 $1,081,686
 $470,000
Principal payments on secured debt(220,000) (931,831) (554,028)
Proceeds from Series B preferred interest40,700
 —
 111,492
Proceeds from senior participating preferred interest538
 —
 520
Distributions to Series B preferred interest(20,574) (26,554) —
Repurchases of Series B preferred interest(34,521) —
 —
Distributions to senior participating preferred interest(602) (3,587) (470)
Contributions to additional paid-in capital1,710
 1,615
 —
Purchase of interest rate cap contracts(35) —
 —
Debt financing costs paid(3,618) (10,388) (7,484)
Net cash provided by financing activities41,208
 110,941
 20,030
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and
    restricted cash
(46,782) 38,265
 (22,880)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    at beginning of year
105,770
 67,505
 90,385
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
    at end of year
$58,988
 $105,770
 $67,505
      
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:     
Cash paid for interest$93,020
 $96,074
 $88,160
Cash paid for income taxes59
 1,127
 214







































See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

59


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(In thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing
     and financing activities:
Accrual for current-year additions to real estate investments$12,818 $53,760 $33,812 
Contribution of investments in real estate, net, to
    unconsolidated real estate joint venture		$— $— $20,139 
Increase (decrease) in fair value of
    interest rate swaps		$— $562 $(2,117)
Writeoff of fully depreciated investments
    in real estate		$24,233 $36,613 $37,373 
Writeoff of fully amortized intangible assets$8,634 $14,414 $40,077 
Writeoff of fully amortized intangible liabilities$13,529 $6,850 $5,766 
Noncash contributions to additional paid-in capital$— $3,834 $— 
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing
     and financing activities:
     
Accrual for real estate improvements$33,812
 $17,179
 $25,616
Contribution of investments in real estate, net to
    unconsolidated real estate joint venture
20,139
 —
 —
(Decrease) increase in fair value of
    interest rate swaps
(2,117) 1,548
 2,799
Writeoff of fully depreciated investments
    in real estate
37,373
 —
 60,298
Writeoff of fully amortized intangible assets40,077
 —
 68,990
Writeoff of fully amortized intangible liabilities5,766
 —
 16,783


The following is a reconciliation of Brookfield DTLA’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning and end of the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017:2019:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year$37,394 $33,964 $80,421 
Restricted cash at beginning of year46,089 25,024 25,349 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at
    beginning of year		$83,483 $58,988 $105,770 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$38,901 $37,394 $33,964 
Restricted cash at end of year49,322 46,089 25,024 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at
    end of year		$88,223 $83,483 $58,988 

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year$80,421
 $31,958
 $30,301
Restricted cash at beginning of year25,349
 35,547
 60,084
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at
    beginning of year
$105,770
 $67,505
 $90,385
      
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$33,964
 $80,421
 $31,958
Restricted cash at end of year25,024
 25,349
 35,547
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at
    end of year
$58,988
 $105,770
 $67,505























See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 1—Organization and Description of Business


Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. (“Brookfield DTLA” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation and was incorporated on April 19, 2013. Brookfield DTLA was formed for the purpose of consummating the transactions contemplated in the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 24, 2013, as amended, (the “Merger Agreement”), and the issuance of shares of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A preferred stock”) in connection with the acquisition of MPG Office Trust, Inc. and MPG Office, L.P. (together, “MPG”). Brookfield DTLA is a direct subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“DTLA Holdings”, and together with its affiliates excluding the Company and its subsidiaries, the “Manager”). DTLA Holdings is an indirect partially-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Property Partners L.P. (“BPY”), an exempted limited partnership under the Laws of Bermuda, which in turn is the flagship commercial property entity and the primary vehicle through which Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“BAM”), a corporation under the Laws of Canada, invests in real estate on a global basis. On April 1, 2021, BAM and BPY announced an agreement for BAM to acquire 100% of the limited partnership units of BPY. The acquisition was completed in July 2021 and the acquisition did not have any impact to the Company.


As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, Brookfield DTLA owned Bank of America Plaza (“BOA Plaza”), EY Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower and 777 Tower, which are Class A office properties, and FIGat7th, a retail center nestled between EY Plaza and 777 Tower, allTower. Additionally, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC (“Fund II”) has a noncontrolling interest in an unconsolidated real estate joint venture with Brookfield DTLA FP IV Holdings LLC (“DTLA FP IV Holdings”), a wholly‑owned subsidiary of DTLA Holdings, which owns 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property. All of these properties are located in the Los Angeles Central Business District (the “LACBD”“LACBD”). in Downtown Los Angeles, which has long been a major office district for law firms, accounting firms and government agencies.

On May 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC (“New OP”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. (the “Property Owner”), the indirect property owner of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property, in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture with Brookfield DTLA FP IV Holdings, LLC (“DTLA FP IV Holdings”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of DTLA Holdings. See Note 4—“Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture.”


Brookfield DTLA primarily receives its income primarily from lease income, including tenant reimbursements, generated from the operations of its office and retail properties, and to a lesser extent, revenue from its parking garages.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 2—2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

As used in these consolidated financial statements and related notes, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Brookfield DTLA,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries.


Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation


The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 include the accounts of Brookfield DTLA and subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017.2019.


Determination of Controlling Financial Interest


In determining whetherWe consolidate entities in which Brookfield DTLA has a controlling financial interest in an entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners/members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and Brookfield DTLA is the primary beneficiary.

A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support.

A variable interest holder is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or has a majority of the voting interest in the entity. We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it haswhen we have (i) the power to direct the activities of athe VIE that most significantly impact the entity’sits economic performance, and has(ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entityVIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Brookfield DTLA qualitatively assesses whether it is (or is not)We do not consolidate entities in which the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

Consideration of various factors includes, but is not limitedother parties have substantive kick-out rights to Brookfield DTLA’s abilityremove the Company’s power to direct the activities, thatand most significantly impactimpacting the VIE’s economic performance, its form of the VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider factors such as ownership interest, itsmanagement representation, on the VIE’s governing body, the sizeauthority to control decisions, and seniority of its investment, its abilitycontractual and thesubstantive participating rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions, and its ability to replace the manager of and/or liquidate the entity. Brookfield DTLA is required to continually evaluate its VIE relationships and consolidation conclusion.each party.



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC. The Company earns a return through an indirect investment in New OP.Fund II. DTLA Holdings, the parent of Brookfield DTLA, owns all of the common interest in New OP.Fund II. Brookfield DTLA has an indirect preferred stock interest in New OPFund II and its wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary is the managing member of New OP.Fund II. The Company determined that New OPFund II is a VIE and asVIE. As a result of having the power to direct the significant activities of New OPFund II that impact Fund II’s economic performance, and exposurethe obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, Fund II that could potentially be significant to the economic performance of New OP,Fund II, Brookfield DTLA meets the two conditions for being the primary beneficiary.beneficiary of Fund II.


We consolidate entities through which we conduct substantially all of our business, and own, directly and through subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets. As of December 31, 2021, these consolidated VIEs had in aggregate total consolidated assets of $2.7 billion(of which $2.4 billion is related to investments in real estate) and total consolidated liabilities of $2.3 billion(of which $2.3 billion is related to non-recourse debt secured by our office and retail properties). The Company is obligated to repay substantially all of the liabilities of our consolidated VIEs, except for the non-recourse secured debt.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture. New OP Fund II has a noncontrolling interestsinterest in a joint venture, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties IV LLC (“Fund IV”), with DTLA FP IV Holdings. The Company determined that the joint venture is a VIE mainly because its equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the joint venture’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. While the joint venture meets the definition of a VIE, Brookfield DTLA is not its primary beneficiary as the Company lacks the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint venture’s economic performance. Therefore, the Company accounts for its ownership interest in the joint venture under the equity method.


The liabilities of the joint venture may only be settled using the assets of 755 South Figueroa and are not recourse to the Company. Brookfield DTLA’s exposure to its investment in the joint venture is limited to its investment balance and the Company has no obligation to make future contributions to the joint venture. Pursuant to the operating agreement of the joint venture, DTLA FP IV Holdings may be required to fund additional amounts for the development of 755 South Figueroa, routine operating costs, and guaranties or commitments of the joint venture.

Impact of Coronavirus (“COVID-19”)

The U.S. began a large-scale COVID-19 vaccination campaign in December 2020. On June 15, 2021, as California fully reopened its economy, restrictions such as physical distancing, capacity limits and the county tier system were lifted (the “Reopening”). However, since the Reopening, the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants brought uncertainty to the economic recovery and many office tenants revised their return-to-office plans in response to the soaring case counts.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic have continued to impact numerous aspects of our business and our properties, which are located in the City of Los Angeles. Some of the effects include the following:

•Prior to the Reopening, capacity limits were imposed on higher-risk activities and businesses such as indoor dining, bars, fitness centers and movie theaters according to the tier system of the California state’s reopening framework. As a result, our retail tenants in FIGat7th experienced the most immediate impact of the restrictions imposed. Due to the uncertainties posed to our tenants in FIGat7th by these restrictions, adjustments of $2.3 million were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 to lower our lease income related to certain leases where we determined that the collection of future lease payments was not probable. In contrast, the Company recorded favorable lease income adjustments of $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of the Reopening as various retail tenants benefited from higher visitor traffic.

•While our office properties have remained open, most of our office tenants have been working remotely since the “stay-at-home” order was issued in March 2020. Although state and local authorities lifted restrictions on businesses in June 2021, the physical occupancy of our office properties has remained well below capacity as infection rates fluctuated and most employers continued their COVID-19 response protocols and allowed employees to work from home when possible. As of December 31, 2021, most of our office tenants have been current in paying amounts due to us under their leases. Due to the uncertainties posed to our office property tenants by the COVID-19 pandemic, during the year ended December 31, 2020, adjustments of $6.1 million were recognized to lower our lease income related to certain leases where we determined that the collection of future lease payments was not probable. In contrast, the Company recorded favorable lease income adjustments of $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of the Reopening and office employees returning to offices.

•Decline in property values resulting from lower than anticipated revenues due to reduced increases in forecasted rental rates on new or renewal leases, applied credit losses, lower leasing velocity and increased lease concessions or incentives. While the carrying values of the properties are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation, we estimate the undiscounted cashflows and fair values of the properties as part of our impairment review of investments in real estate. See Note 2—“Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Significant Accounting Policies—Impairment Review” for further discussion.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Use of Estimates


The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it considers to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the impact of events such as the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic. For example, estimates and assumptions have been made with respect to the fair value of assets and liabilities for purposes of the contribution of itsthe Company’s wholly-owned interests in exchange for its noncontrolling interestsinterest in aits unconsolidated real estate joint venture in May 2019, the useful lives of assets, recoverable amounts of receivables, impairment of long‑livedlong-lived assets and the fair value of debt. Actual results could ultimately differ from such estimates.

Restatements

In January 2018, Brookfield DTLA adopted, on a retrospective basis, the guidance in Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. Therefore, the change in restricted cash is no longer presented as a separate line item within cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows since such balances are now combined with cash and cash equivalents at both the beginning and end of the reporting period. We have retroactively restated the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017 by reclassifying the decrease in restricted cash of $24.5 million from cash flows used in investing activities to net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reclassifications

On January 1, 2019, Brookfield DTLA adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective transition method. Please refer to Note 3—“Leases” for a discussion of the reclassification of rental income and tenant reimbursements in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company reclassified asset management fees earned by BPY and BAM from rental property operating and maintenance expense to other expense in the consolidated statement of operations. Management does not include asset management fees as an input when evaluating the operating performance of Brookfield DTLA’s properties and created a new category within other expense during 2018 to capture such fees. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported rental property operating and maintenance expense totaling $100.3 million and other expense totaling $5.2 million in the consolidated statement of operations. After the reclassification, rental property operating and maintenance expense now totals $94.0 million and other expense now totals $11.5 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. This reclassification had no effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company also reclassified lease termination fees from interest and other income to rental income in the consolidated statement of operations in anticipation of adopting ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported interest and other income totaling $10.3 million and rental income totaling $162.4 million in the consolidated statement of operations. After the reclassification, interest and other income now totals $7.0 million and rental income now totals $165.7 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 3—“Leases” for reconciliation of lease income reported for the year ended December 31, 2017 in the current year’s consolidated statement of operations after the adoption of Topic 842. This reclassification had no effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


Significant Accounting Policies


Investments in Real Estate, Net—


Land is carried at cost. Buildings are recorded at historical cost and are depreciated on a straight‑line basis over their estimated useful lives of 60 years. Building improvements are recorded at historical cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which rangeranging from 5 years to 25 years. Land improvements are combined with building improvements for financial reporting purposes and are carried at cost. Tenant improvements that are determined to be assets of Brookfield DTLA are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight‑line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the applicable lease term, with the related amortization reported as part of depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Depreciation expense related to investments in real estate during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 2018 and 2017 totaled $85.6$87.3 million, $75.7$87.5 million and $73.6$85.6 million, respectively, and is reported as part of depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations.


Investments in
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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The Company capitalizes costs associated with capital expenditures and tenant improvements. Capitalization of costs is required while activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use. Costs incurred after the capital expenditures and tenant improvement projects are substantially complete and ready for its intended use are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance are reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the real estate may not be recoverable. In such an event, a comparison is made between (i) the current and projected operating cash flows of the property into the foreseeable future on an undiscounted basis and (ii) the carrying amount of the property. If the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a property are less than its carrying amount, an impairment provision would be recorded to write down the carrying amount of such property to its fair value. Brookfield DTLA assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections utilizing appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Projections of future cash flows take into account the specific business plan for the property and management’s best estimate of the most probable set of economic conditions expected to prevail in the market. Management believes no impairment of Brookfield DTLA’s real estate properties existed at December 31, 2019 and 2018.expensed as incurred.


Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture—


As discussed in Note 1—“Organization and Description of Business,” on May 31, 2019 New OP entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly‑ownedFund II’s noncontrolling interests in the Property Owner in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formedreal estate joint venture with DTLA FP IV Holdings.

The liabilities of the joint venture may only be settled using the assets of 755 South Figueroa and are not recourse to the Company. Brookfield DTLA’s exposure to its investment in the joint venture is limited to its investment balance and the Company has no obligation to future contributions to the joint venture. Pursuant to the operating agreement of the joint venture, DTLA FP IV Holdings may be required to fund additional amounts for the development of 755 South Figueroa, routine operating costs, and guaranties or commitments of the joint venture.

Our noncontrolling interests in the joint venture were initially recorded at the fair value of the assets contributed and have been adjusted to redemption value as of December 31, 2019.2021. The redemption value represents the amount to be distributed to Fund II in the event of termination or liquidation of the unconsolidated real estate joint venture, Fund IV. Adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying amount to redemption value are recorded in the consolidated statementstatements of operations as equity in lossearning (loss) of unconsolidated real estate joint venture.


Impairment Review—

Investments in long-lived assets, including our investments in real estate, are reviewed for impairment quarterly or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets might not be recoverable, which is referred to as a “triggering event” or an “impairment indicator.” The carrying amount of long-lived assets to be held and used is deemed not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Triggering events or impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used are assessed by property and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, changes in occupancy, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, rental rates, and other market factors. The impact of the measures imposed to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic and market conditions, together with many of our office property tenants working from home, was deemed to be a triggering event during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

When conducting the impairment review of our investments in real estate, we assessed the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including the impact of the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic. These factors include, but are not limited to, the credit quality of our tenants, available market information, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the asset, and historical and forecasted financial and operating information relating to the property, such as net operating income, occupancy statistics, vacancy projections, renewal percentage, and rent collection rates. If the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a property are less than its carrying amount, the Company determines the fair value of the property and an impairment loss would be recorded to write down the carrying amount of such property to its fair value. Based on its review, management concluded that none of Brookfield DTLA’s real estate properties were impaired during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The Company’s investment in its unconsolidated real estate joint venture is also reviewed for impairment quarterly or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our investment might not be recoverable using similar criteria as its investments in real estate. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment compared to its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based on current plans, intended holding periods and information available at the time the analyses are prepared. Based on its review, management concluded that Brookfield DTLA’s investment in its unconsolidated real estate joint venture was not impaired during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Our future results may continue to be impacted by risks associated with the measures taken to combat the spread of the pandemic and the related global reduction in services, investments, commerce, and travel, which may result in a decrease in our cash flows and a potential increase in impairment losses and/or revaluations of our investments in real estate and unconsolidated real estate joint venture.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—


Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with major commercial banks, and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Restricted Cash—


Restricted cash consists primarily of deposits for tenant improvements and leasing commissions, reserves for real estate taxes and insurance reserves, debt service reserves and other items as required by certain of the Company’s secured debt agreements. It also includes cash accounts controlled by loan administrative agents or lenders pursuant to cash sweep events associated with the loans secured by certain properties. See Note 6 — Secured Debts, Netfor details.


Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net—


Deferred rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Rents,The Company offers various types of lease incentives to induce tenants to sign a lease, including free rent lease periods, and various allowances such as cash paid to tenants and for tenant improvements that are the assets of the tenants. The Company records these allowances as tenant inducements, which are included in rents, deferred rents and other receivables net also includes amounts paid to a tenant for improvements owned or costs incurred by the tenant. Such amounts are treated as tenant inducements and are presented in the consolidated balance sheet net of accumulated amortization. Amortization of tenant inducements is recordedsheets and amortized as a reduction to lease income on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease as a reduction of lease income in the consolidated statement of operations. lease.See Note 5—4—“Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net.”


In addition, under
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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842,Leases, Brookfield DTLA must assess on an individual lease basis whether it is probable that the Company will collect the future lease payments throughout the lease term.term of the lease. The Company considers the tenant’s payment history and current credit status when assessing collectability.collectibility. If the collectabilitycollectibility of the lease payments is probable at lease commencement, the Company recognizes lease income over the term of the lease term on a straight-line basis. During the term of the lease, Brookfield DTLA monitors the credit quality and any related material changes of our tenants by (i) reviewing financial statements of the tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (ii) monitoring news reports regarding our tenants and their respective businesses, including the impact of the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tenant’s business, (iii) monitoring the tenant’s payment history and current credit status, and (iv) analyzing current economic trends, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. When collectabilitycollectibility is not deemed probable at the lease commencement date, the Company’s lease income is constrained to the lesser of (1)(i) the income that would have been recognized if collection were probable, and (2)or (ii) the lease payments that have been collected from the lessee. If the collectabilitycollectibility assessment changes to probable after the lease commencement date, any difference between the lease income that would have been recognized if collectabilitycollectibility had always been assessed as probable and the lease income recognized to date is recognized as a current-period adjustment to lease income. If the collectabilitycollectibility assessment changes to not probable after the lease commencement date, lease income is reversed to the extent that the lease payments that have been collected from the lessee are less than the lease income recognized to date. Changes to the collectabilitycollectibility of operating leases are recorded as adjustments to lease income in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.

During As the yearsresult of our assessment of the collectibility of amounts due under leases with our tenants, the Company recognized a recovery of lease income totaling $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, 20182021. In comparison, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized a reduction in lease income totaling $8.4 million, of which $4.8 million related to lease income from an affiliate of the Company. There was no write-off of lease receivables and 2017, Brookfield DTLA recorded provisions for doubtful accounts of $165 thousand and $190 thousand, and a recovery of doubtful accounts of $7 thousand, respectively. The Company wrote off rents, deferred rents and other receivables totaling $478 thousandlease income during the year ended December 31, 2019.


The Company received certain rent relief requests for certain periods in 2020 and 2021 from many of our retail tenants and some of our office tenants as a result of the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our tenants have availed themselves of various federal and state relief funds, such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the Paycheck Protection Program, which can be utilized to partially meet rental obligations. While our tenants are required to fulfill their commitments to us under their leases, we have implemented and will continue to carefully consider temporary rent deferrals and rent abatements on a lease-by-lease basis and only consider those which have a justifiable financial basis. For leases with deferrals, the Company elected to account for the lease concessions as if they were part of the enforceable rights rather than as a modification. For leases with abatements, the Company accounted for the lease concessions on a lease-by-lease basis in accordance with the existing lease modification accounting framework. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, lease concessions granted to tenants did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Intangibles Assets and Liabilities, Net—


Brookfield DTLA evaluates each acquisition of real estate to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition. For an acquisitionacquisitions of real estateestates that is accountingare accounted for as a business combination,combinations, the Company allocates the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, and any previously existing ownership interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Acquired assets include tangible real estate assets consisting primarily of land, buildings, and tenant improvements, as well as identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, includingconsisting primarily of acquired above- and below-market leases, in-place leases and tenant relationships.


The principal valuation technique employed by Brookfield DTLA in determining the fair value of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed is the income approach, which is then compared to the cost approach. Tangible values for investments in real estate are calculated based on replacement costs for like-type quality assets. Above- and below-market lease values are determined by comparing in-place rents with current market rents. In‑place lease amounts are determined by calculating the potential lost revenue during the replacement of the current leases in place. Leasing commissions and legal/marketing fees are determined based upon market allowances pro-rated over the remaining lease terms. Loans assumed in an acquisition are analyzed using current market terms for similar debt.


The value of the acquired above- and below-market leases are amortized and recorded as either a decrease (in the case of above-market leases) or an increase (in the case of below-market leases) to lease income in the consolidated statementstatements of operations over the remaining termterms of the associated lease.leases. The value of tenant relationships is amortized over the expected term of the relationship, which includes an estimated probability of lease renewal. The value of in-place leases is amortized as an expense over the remaining life of the leases. Amortization of tenant relationships and in‑place leases is included as part of depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.


Deferred Charges, Net—


Deferred charges mainly include initial direct costs, primarily commissions related to the leasing of the Company’s office properties, and are presented as deferred charges in the consolidated balance sheetstated net of accumulated amortization totaling $43.6of $52.0 million and $50.3$45.7 million as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively.


All leasing commissions paid for new or renewed leases are capitalized and deferred. Deferred leasing costs are amortized on a straight‑line basis over the initial fixed terms of the related leases as part of depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statementstatements of operations. Costs to negotiate or arrange a lease, regardless of its outcome, such as fixed employee compensation, tax or legal advice to negotiate lease terms, and lessor costs related to advertising or soliciting potential tenants, are expensed as incurred.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Due From/To Affiliates—


Amounts due from/to affiliates consist of related party receivables from and payables due to affiliates of BPY and BAM, primarily related to lease income, parking income, and fees for property, development and asset management and other services. See Note 15—14—“Related Party Transactions.”


Prepaid and Other Assets, Net—


Prepaid and other assets, net, mainly include prepaid insurance and real estate taxes and interest, fair value of derivative financial instruments and refundable deposits.taxes.


Secured Debt, Net—


Debt secured by our properties are presented in the consolidated balance sheetsheets net of unamortized debt financing costs.


Debt financing costs and discounts totaling $5.3$7.5 million, $9.6$5.4 million and $6.4$5.3 million were amortized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017,2019, respectively, over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method and are included as part of interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Any unamortized amounts remaining upon the early repayment of debt are written off, and the related costs and accumulated amortization are removed from the consolidated balance sheet.sheets.


Mezzanine Equity—


Mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheetsheets is comprised of the Series A preferred stock, a Series A-1 preferred interest, a senior participating preferred interest, and a Series B preferred interest (collectively, the “Preferred Interests”). The Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest and Series B preferred interest are held by a noncontrolling interest holder. The Preferred Interests are classified inas mezzanine equity because they are callable, and the holder of the Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest, Series B preferred interest, and some of the Series A preferred stock indirectly controls the ability to elect to redeem such instruments, through its controlling interest in the Company and its subsidiaries. There is no commitment or obligation on the part of Brookfield DTLA or DTLA Holdings to redeem the Preferred Interests.


The Preferred Interests included within mezzanine equity were recorded at fair value on the date of issuance and have been adjusted to the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018.2020. Adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying amount to redemption value are recorded in the consolidated statementstatements of operations as redemption measurement adjustments.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Revenue Recognition—


Lease Income—


Brookfield DTLA’s lease income primarily represents revenue related to agreements for rental of our investments in real estate, subject to ASC Topic 842, Leases. All of the leases in which the Company is the lessor are classified as operating leases. The Company’s leases do not have guarantees of residual value of the underlying assets. We manage risk associated with the residual value of our leased assets by carefully selecting our tenants and monitoring their credit quality throughout their respective lease terms. Upon the expiration or termination of a lease, the Company often has the ability to re-lease the space with an existing tenant or to a new tenant within a reasonable amount of time. None of our tenants accounted for more than 10% of our lease income for the year ended December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA has six Class A office properties and one retail center aggregating 7.6 million net building rentable square feet located in the LACBD. We are susceptible to adverse developments in the markets for office space, particularly in Southern California. Such adverse developments could include oversupply of or reduced demand for office space; declines in property values; business layoffs, downsizings, relocations or industry slowdowns affecting tenants of the Company’s properties; changing demographics; increased telecommuting; terrorist targeting of or acts of war against high-rise structures; infrastructure quality; California state budgetary constraints and priorities; increases in real estate and other taxes; costs of complying with state, local and federal government regulations or increased regulation and other factors.


The Company’s lease income is comprised of variable payments including fixed and contingent rental payments and tenant recoveries. Fixed contractual payments from the Company’s leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. This means that, with respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of lease income recognized during the period. Straight-line rental revenue is commenced when the customertenant assumes control of the leased premises. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded straight-line rental revenue totaling $10.1 million, $11.4 million and $11.2 million, respectively, as part of lease income in the consolidated statements of operations.


Certain leases with retail tenants also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rent based on a percentage of the tenant’s sales. Percentage rents are recognized as lease income in the consolidated statementstatements of operations only after the tenant sales thresholds have been achieved. See Note 16—“Future Minimum Base Rents.”


Tenant recoveries, including reimbursements of utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, real estate taxes and insurance, and other operating expenses, are recognized as part of lease income in the consolidated statementstatements of operations in the period when the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Some of the Company’s leases have termination options that allow the tenant to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term under certain circumstances. Termination options generally become effective half way or further into the original lease term and require advance notification from the tenant and payment of a termination fee that reimburses the Company for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements and lease incentives. Termination fees are recognized as part of lease income in the consolidated statementstatements of operations at the later of when the tenant has vacated the space or the lease has expired, a fully executed lease termination agreement has been delivered to the Company, the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured.


Parking Revenue—


Parking revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, when the services are provided and the performance obligations are satisfied, which normally occurs at a point in time.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Income Taxes—


Brookfield DTLA has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) pursuant to Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), commencing with its tax period ended December 31, 2013. Brookfield DTLA conducts and intends to conduct its operations so aswith the intent to continue to qualify as a REIT. Accordingly, Brookfield DTLA is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, provided that it continues to qualify as a REIT and makes distributions to its stockholders, if any, that generally equal or exceed its taxable income.


Brookfield DTLA has elected to treat certain of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). A TRS is permitted to engage in activities that a REIT cannot engage in directly, such as performing non‑customary services for the Company’s tenants, holding assets that the Company cannot hold directly and conducting certain affiliate transactions. A TRS is subject to both federal and state income taxes. The Company’s various TRS did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017 or deferred income tax items for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.2019.


As of December 31, 2019 2021 and 2018,2020, Brookfield DTLA had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) totaling $290.2$406.4 million and $281.5$348.8 million, respectively. The NOLs generated prior to January 1, 2018 will begin to expire in 2033, while NOLs generated in tax years beginning January 1, 2018 or later have an indefinite carryforward period. A valuation allowance fully offsets the NOLs and as a result, no deferred tax assets have been established as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.


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Uncertain Tax Positions—


Brookfield DTLA recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Income tax positions must meet a more likely than not recognition threshold. Brookfield DTLA has no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, and does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits balance to change during the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2019,2021, Brookfield DTLA’s 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 20182020 tax years remain open under the normal statute of limitations and may be subject to examination by federal, state and local authorities.


Derivative Financial Instruments—


Brookfield DTLA uses interest rate swap and cap contracts to manage interest rate fluctuation risk from fluctuationsby limiting the impact of changes in interest rates.LIBOR on certain of its debt. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts in exchange for fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts beyond a specified strike price over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. The Company believes these contracts are with counterparties who are creditworthy financial institutions.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
At the inception of the contracts, Brookfield DTLA designates its interest rate swap contracts as cash flow hedges and documents the relationship of the hedge to the underlying transaction. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and throughout the life of the hedge to ensure the hedge qualifies for hedge accounting. Changes in fair value associated with hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recorded as part of interest expense in the consolidated statementstatements of operations. Changes in fair value of cash flow hedge derivative financial instruments are deferred and recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statementstatements of stockholders’ deficit until the underlying transaction affects earnings. In the event that an anticipated transaction is no longer likely to occur, the Company recognizes the change in fair value of the derivative financial instrument in the consolidated statement of operations in the period the determinationdetermination is made. Interest rate swap assets are included in prepaid and other assets, net and interest rate swap liabilities are included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.sheets. In September 2020, in conjunction with the extinguishment of our loans that previously encumbered EY Plaza, the Company terminated the related LIBOR-based interest rate swap contracts. As of December 31, 2020, Brookfield DTLA no longer had any interest rate swap contracts.


Additionally, Brookfield DTLA uses interest rate cap contracts to limit impact of changes in the LIBOR rate on certain of its debt. The Company does not use hedge accounting for these contracts, and as such, changes in fair value are recorded in the period of change as part of other expenseexpenses in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.


Other Financial Instruments—


Brookfield DTLA’s other financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. Management routinelylease receivables. Brookfield DTLA assesses collectibility of lease receivables by monitoring the credit quality and any related material changes of our tenants. This involves (i) reviewing financial strengthstatements of itsthe tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (ii) monitoring news reports regarding our tenants and astheir respective businesses, (iii) monitoring the tenant’s payment history and current credit status, and (iv) analyzing current economic trends. As a consequence, management believes that its accountslease receivable credit risk exposure is limited. Brookfield DTLA places its temporary cash investments with federally insured institutions. Cash balances with any one institution may at times be in excess of the federally insured limits.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Fair Value Measurements—


Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis, such as interest rate swaps and cap contracts. In addition, the Company is required to measure other financial instruments and balances at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired long-lived assets such as investments in real estate and unconsolidated real estate joint venture). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and, in many cases, requires management to make a number of significant judgments. Based on the observable inputs used in the valuation techniques, Brookfield DTLA classifies its assets and liabilities measured and disclosed at fair value in accordance with a three-level hierarchy (i.e., Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3) established under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value MeasurementsMeasurement. Brookfield DTLA records certain financial instruments, such as interest rate swap and cap contracts, at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain financial instruments, such as accounts receivable, are not carried at fair value each period but may require nonrecurring fair value adjustments due to write-downs of individual assets.


The fair value of Brookfield DTLA’s derivative financial instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivatives. These analyses reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities, which management considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company has incorporated credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements. See Note 13—“Fair Value Measurements.”

The Company estimates the fair value of its debt by calculating the credit-adjusted present value of principal and interest payments for each loan. The calculation incorporates observable market interest rates, which management considers to be Level 2 inputs, assumes that each loan will be outstanding until maturity, and excludes any options to extend the maturity date of the loan available per the terms of the loan agreement, if any. See Note 14—12—“Financial Instruments.”


RecentRecently Issued Accounting PronouncementsLiterature


New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019


Please refer to Note 3—“Leases” for a discussion of our adoption of Topic 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019.There have been no new accounting pronouncements adopted during the year ended December 31, 2021.

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This update introduced amendments to Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, intended to make targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. The objective of this update is to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Brookfield DTLA adopted the guidance in ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated financial statements.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In October 2018,March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides accounting relief from the future impact of the cessation of LIBOR by, among other things, providing optional expedients to treat contract modifications resulting from such reference rate reform as a continuation of the existing contract and for hedging relationships to not be de-designated resulting from such changes provided certain criteria are met. The guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and we may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 815)848): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. ASU 2018-16Scope, which amends Topic 815 by expanding the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate. Brookfield DTLA adopted this update effective January 1, 2019. Upon adoption on January 1, 2019 and during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had no hedges based on SOFR, and hence, the adoption of this update did not have a material impact on Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated financial statements. Should the Company issue variable interest rate debt in the future, including SOFR-based debt, and enter into related interest rate hedge agreements to manage the Company’s exposure to variable interest rates, the Company will continue applying the interest rate hedge accounting policy that has been applied to the Company’s interest rate hedge agreements based on LIBOR.

Accounting Pronouncements Effective January 1, 2020

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to amend the accounting for credit losses for certain financial instruments. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes its estimate of expected credit losses as an allowance, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. In November 2018, the FASB released ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. This amendment clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairmentASU 2020-04 to include derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of receivables arising from operating leases shouldreference rate reform. ASU 2021-01 became effective upon issuance and may be accounted for in accordance with Subtopic 842-30, Leases—Lessor. ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permittedapplied on a full retrospective basis as of any date from the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018, including adoption inof an interim period.period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 or prospectively for contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. The majority of the Company’s receivables arisevariable debt and interest rate cap contracts currently reference LIBOR. The Company is currently in the ordinary courseprocess of business under operating leases withidentifying its tenantsLIBOR-based contracts that will be impacted by the cessation of LIBOR, incorporating fallback language in negotiated contracts and are thereforeincorporating non-LIBOR reference rate and/or fallback language in new contracts to prepare for these changes. Notwithstanding these efforts, the Company expects to utilize the optional expedients provided by ASU 2020-04 for debt contracts left unmodified. In addition, the fair value of interest rate cap contracts was de minimis as of December 31, 2021 and the Company does not subject to the guidance in Subtopic 326-20. Brookfield DTLA doesuse hedge accounting for these contracts. As such, we do not expect the adoption of this guidanceASU 2020-04 and 2021-01 to have a material effect on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 amends Topic 820 by adding new fair value measurement disclosure requirements, as well as modifying and removing certain disclosure requirements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures. Brookfield DTLA does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities, which amends the related-party guidance in Topic 810. Specifically, ASU 2018-17 removes a sentence in ASC 810-10-55-37D regarding the evaluation of fees paid to decision makers to conform with the amendments in ASU 2016-17. ASU 2018-17 is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Brookfield DTLA does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.


Segment Reporting


Brookfield DTLA currently operates as one 1 reportable segment, which includes the operation and management of its six6 commercial office properties and one1 retail property. Each of Brookfield DTLA’s properties is considered a separate operating segment, as each property earns revenues and incurs expenses, individual operating results are reviewed and discrete financial information is available. Management does not distinguish or group Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated operations based on geography, size or type. Brookfield DTLA’s properties have similar economic characteristics and provide similar products and services to tenants. As a result, Brookfield DTLA’s properties are aggregated into a single reportable segment.


Note 3—Leases

Brookfield DTLA’sManagement also views the unconsolidated real estate joint venture, Fund IV, as a separate operating segment. This joint venture engages in the development of the multifamily residential real estate property, 755 South Figueroa, which has different economic characteristics compared to commercial office and retail properties described above. The progress of the development project, funding requirements, projected returns and other discrete financial information of the joint venture are leasedregularly reviewed by management to tenants under operating leases. The Company adopted Topic 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019 usingassess performance. However, since this joint venture is not considered material to the modified retrospective transition method. Information in this Note 3 with respect to our leases and lease-related costs and receivables is presented under Topic 842 asoverall results of December 31, 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Topic 842 sets out the principles for recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The primary impact of Topic 842 is the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for leases classified as operating leases. The accounting applied by lessors is largely unchanged. As of January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, the Company, had no material ground leases or finance leases where the Company wasit is not a lessee and therefore did not record any right‑of-use asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.reportable segment.

On the date of adoption, Brookfield DTLA elected the package of practical expedients provided for in Topic 842, including:

No reassessment of whether any expired or existing contracts were or contained leases;

No reassessment of the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and

No reassessment of initial direct costs for any existing leases.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The package of practical expedients was made as a single election and was consistently applied to all existing leases as of January 1, 2019. The Company also elected the practical expedient provided to lessors in a subsequent amendment to Topic 842 that removed the requirement to separate lease and nonlease components, provided certain conditions were met.

Brookfield DTLA leases its office properties to lessees in exchange for payments from tenants comprised of monthly payments that cover rent, property taxes, insurance and certain cost recoveries. Payments from tenants for reimbursement are considered nonlease components that are separated from lease components and are generally accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition standard. However, the Company qualified for and elected the practical expedient related to combining the components because the lease component is classified as an operating lease and the timing and pattern of transfer of tenant reimbursements, which is not the predominant component, is the same as the lease component. As such, consideration for tenant reimbursements is accounted for as part of the overall consideration in the lease. Lease income related to variable payments includes fixed and contingent rental payments and tenant recoveries. Such payments from customers are considered nonlease components of the lease and therefore no consideration is allocated to them because they do not transfer a good or service to the customer.

Parking revenue does not qualify for the single lease component practical expedient, discussed above, due to the difference in the timing and pattern of transfer of the Company’s parking service obligations and associated lease components within the same lease agreement.

Topic 842 requires lessors to capitalize and amortize only incremental direct leasing costs. All leasing commissions paid in connection with new leases or lease renewals are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the initial fixed terms of the respective leases as part of depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statement of operations. Initial direct costs, primarily commissions, related to the leasing of our office properties are deferred and are presented as deferred charges in the consolidated balance sheet net of accumulated amortization totaling $43.6 million and $50.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Beginning January 1, 2019, any costs incurred by the Company to negotiate or arrange a lease regardless of its outcome, such as fixed employee compensation, tax or legal advice to negotiate lease terms, and lessor costs related to advertising or soliciting potential tenants are required to be expensed as incurred. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA had no indirect leasing costs that would have been capitalized prior to the adoption of Topic 842.

The election of the package of practical expedients described above permits the Company to continue to account for its leases that commenced before January 1, 2019 under the previous lease accounting guidance for the remainder of their lease terms, and to apply the new lease accounting guidance to leases commencing or modified after January 1, 2019. The Company recorded no net cumulative effect adjustment to the accumulated deficit in the consolidated balance sheet on January 1, 2019 as a result of the adoption of this guidance as there were no indirect leasing costs that were required to be written off.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reclassification of Prior Period Presentation of Rental Income and Tenant Reimbursements

As described above, rental income and tenant reimbursements related to our operating leases for which Brookfield DTLA is the lessor qualified for the single component practical expedient and are classified as lease income in the consolidated statement of operations. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, the Company reported rental income and tenant reimbursements separately in the consolidated statement of operations, in accordance with Topic 840. Upon adoption of the new lease accounting standard, the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been reclassified to conform to the new single component presentation of rental income and tenant reimbursements, classified within lease income in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

A reconciliation of the revenue line items that were reclassified in Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated statement of operations to conform to the current period presentation pursuant to the adoption of Topic 842 and the election of the single component practical expedient is as follows (in thousands):

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Rental income
    (presentation prior to January 1, 2019)
$169,625
 $162,203
 $165,689
Tenant reimbursements
    (presentation prior to January 1, 2019)
107,270
 105,930
 96,518
Lease income
    (presentation effective January 1, 2019)
$276,895
 $268,133
 $262,207


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 4—3—Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Venture


On May 31, 2019, New OPFund II entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly‑owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc., the Property Ownerindirect property owner of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property, in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture with DTLA FP IV Holdings (the “Existing Agreement”).


During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a gain from derecognition of assets in the consolidated statementstatements of operations representing the difference between the amount of consideration measured and allocated to the assets and their carrying amount as follows (in thousands):follows:


Consideration$45,000 
Investments in real estate, net$20,139 
Cash and cash equivalents73 
Prepaid and other assets11 
Carrying amount20,223 
Gain from derecognition of assets$24,777 
Consideration $45,000
Investments in real estate, net$20,139
 
Cash and cash equivalents73
 
Prepaid and other assets, net11
 
Carrying amount 20,223
Gain from derecognition of assets $24,777


The consideration allocated to the assets contributed to the joint venture by New OPFund II increased by $9.8 million during the three months ended December 31, 2019 as a result of an amendment to the Existing Agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s ownership interest in the joint venture was 55.8%. During the year ended December 31, 2020, DTLA FP IV Holdings made additional cash contributions of $13.6 million to the joint venture, which reduced the Company’s ownership interest in the joint venture to 47.8%. During the year ended December 31, 2021, DTLA FP IV Holdings made additional cash contributions of $39.8 million to the joint venture, which further reduced the Company’s ownership interest in the joint venture to 33.6%.


Note 5—4—Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net


Brookfield DTLA’s rents, deferred rents and other receivables are comprised of the following (in thousands):following:

As of December 31,
20212020
Straight-line and other deferred rents$108,913 $109,196 
Tenant inducements receivable28,445 33,280 
Tenant receivables3,316 5,057 
Other receivables362 2,079 
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, gross141,036 149,612 
Less: accumulated amortization of tenant inducements15,411 15,973 
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net$125,625 $133,639 

76
 As of December 31,
 2019
2018
    
Straight-line and other deferred rents$109,859
 $115,445
Tenant inducements receivable33,304
 42,642
Other receivables7,881
 10,437
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, gross151,044
 168,524
Less: accumulated amortization of tenant inducements13,034
 16,701
allowance for doubtful accounts—
 314
Rents, deferred rents and other receivables, net$138,010
 $151,509



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

See Note 2 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net”for a discussion of assessments regarding the collectibility of rents and deferred rent receivables and related adjustments made during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 due to the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Note 6—5—Intangible Assets and Liabilities


Brookfield DTLA’s intangible assets and liabilities are summarized as follows (in thousands):follows:

As of December 31,
20212020
Intangible Assets
In-place leases$41,422 $46,448 
Tenant relationships6,432 6,900 
Above-market leases16,734 19,874 
Intangible assets, gross64,588 73,222 
Less: accumulated amortization48,565 51,176 
Intangible assets, net$16,023 $22,046 
Intangible Liabilities
Below-market leases$33,416 $46,945 
Less: accumulated amortization28,961 40,940 
Intangible liabilities, net$4,455 $6,005 

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018
Intangible Assets   
In-place leases$47,872
 $66,365
Tenant relationships15,397
 30,078
Above-market leases24,367
 31,270
Intangible assets, gross87,636
 127,713
Less: accumulated amortization55,741
 83,073
Intangible assets, net$31,895
 $44,640
    
Intangible Liabilities   
Below-market leases$53,795
 $59,561
Less: accumulated amortization45,489
 47,107
Intangible liabilities, net$8,306
 $12,454

The impactA summary of the amortizationeffect of acquired below-market leases, net of acquired above-market leases, on lease income and of acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships on depreciation and amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Lease income$195
 $(222) $2,219
Depreciation and amortization expense8,792
 9,642
 13,527

As of December 31, 2019, the estimate of the amortization/accretion of intangible assets and liabilities for future periodsreported in the consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Lease income$(206)$(1,331)$195 
Depreciation and amortization expense$4,267 $6,217 $8,792 

77
 
In-Place
Leases
 
Other
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible
Liabilities
      
2020$4,879
 $3,471
 $2,910
20213,922
 2,775
 2,282
20223,428
 2,572
 2,149
20232,001
 2,209
 641
20241,134
 2,088
 124
Thereafter1,516
 1,900
 200
 $16,880
 $15,015
 $8,306



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 7—Secured Debt, Net

Brookfield DTLA’s debtAs of December 31, 2021, the estimated amortization/accretion of intangible assets and liabilities in future periods is as follows (in thousands, except dates and percentage amounts):follows:

In-Place
Leases		Other
Intangible Assets		Intangible
Liabilities
2022$2,757 $2,261 $1,492 
20231,947 1,934 794 
20241,091 1,849 278 
2025951 1,177 263 
2026580 440 245 
Thereafter1,033 3 1,383 
Total future amortization/accretion of intangibles$8,359 $7,664 $4,455 

78
 
Contractual
Maturity Date
 
Interest
Rate
 
Principal Amount
as of December 31,
   2019 2018
Floating-Rate Debt       
Variable-Rate Loans:       
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (1)10/9/2020 3.39% $400,000
 $400,000
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (2)10/9/2020 5.74% 65,000
 65,000
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (3)10/9/2020 6.74% 35,000
 35,000
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower (4)11/4/2021 3.49% 260,796
 258,186
777 Tower (5)10/31/2024 3.32% 231,842
 —
777 Tower (6)10/31/2024 5.87% 43,158
 —
EY Plaza (7)11/27/2020 6.24% 35,000
 35,000
Total variable-rate loans    1,070,796
 793,186
        
Variable-Rate Swapped to Fixed-Rate Loan:       
EY Plaza (8)11/27/2020 3.88% 230,000
 230,000
Total floating-rate debt    1,300,796
 1,023,186
        
Fixed-Rate Debt:       
BOA Plaza9/1/2024 4.05% 400,000
 400,000
Gas Company Tower8/6/2021 3.47% 319,000
 319,000
Gas Company Tower8/6/2021 6.50% 131,000
 131,000
FIGat7th3/1/2023 3.88% 58,500
 58,500
Total fixed-rate debt    908,500
 908,500
        
Debt Refinanced:       
777 Tower    —
 220,000
Total debt refinanced    —
 220,000
        
Total secured debt    2,209,296
 2,151,686
Less: unamortized debt financing costs   9,316
 10,962
Total secured debt, net    $2,199,980
 $2,140,724

__________
(1)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.65%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity dates of both of the mezzanine loans are extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend this loan.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 6—Secured Debt, Net
(2)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.00%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity date of the other mezzanine loan is extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend the mortgage loan.
(3)
This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 5.00%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.25%. Brookfield DTLA has three options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year, as long as the maturity date of the other mezzanine loan is extended when the maturity date of the mortgage loan is extended. As of December 31, 2019, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreement to extend the mortgage loan. On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in a company whose subsidiary is the lender of this loan. See Note 15—“Related Party Transactions.”
(4)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.80%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.50%. Brookfield DTLA has two options to extend the maturity date of this loan, each for a period of one year. As of December 31, 2019,

Brookfield DTLA’s secured debt is as follows:
Maturity Date (1)Contractual Interest RatesPrincipal Amount
as of December 31,
20212020
Variable-Rate Loans:
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (2)10/9/2023LIBOR + 1.65%$400,000 $400,000 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (2)10/9/2023LIBOR + 4.00%65,000 65,000 
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower (2)(3)10/9/2023LIBOR + 5.00%35,000 35,000 
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower (4)11/4/2023LIBOR + 1.80%260,796 260,796 
777 Tower (5)10/31/2024LIBOR + 1.60%231,842 231,842 
777 Tower (6)10/31/2024LIBOR + 4.15%43,158 43,158 
EY Plaza (7)10/9/2025LIBOR + 2.86%275,000 275,000 
EY Plaza (7)10/9/2025LIBOR + 6.85%30,000 30,000 
Gas Company Tower (7)2/9/2026LIBOR + 1.89%350,000 — 
Gas Company Tower (7)2/9/2026LIBOR + 5.00%65,000 — 
Gas Company Tower (7)2/9/2026LIBOR + 7.75%50,000 — 
Total variable-rate loans1,805,796 1,340,796 
Fixed-Rate Debt:
BOA Plaza9/1/20244.05%400,000 400,000 
FIGat7th3/1/20233.88%58,500 58,500 
Total fixed-rate debt458,500 458,500 
Debt Refinanced:
Gas Company Tower— 319,000 
Gas Company Tower— 131,000 
Total debt refinanced— 450,000 
Total secured debt2,264,296 2,249,296 
Less: unamortized debt financing costs8,375 9,656 
Total secured debt, net$2,255,921 $2,239,640 
__________
(1)Maturity dates include the effect of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we meet the criteria specified in the loan agreements to extend the loan maturity dates.
(2)As required by the loan agreements, we have entered into interest rate cap contracts that limit the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 2.57%.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(3)BAM owns a significant interest in a company whose subsidiary is the lender of this loan. See Note 14—“Related Party Transactions”
(4)As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 3.63%. As of December 31, 2021, a future advance amount of $29.2 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(5)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2019, a future advance amount of $36.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. The Company can draw against this future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mezzanine loan future advance amount.
(6)
This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.15%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2019, a future advance amount of $6.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. The Company can draw against this future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mortgage loan future advance amount.
(7)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.55%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 3.50%.
(8)This loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.65%. As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge this loan, which effectively fix the LIBOR portion of the interest rate at 2.28%. The effective interest rate of 3.88% includes interest on the swaps.

The weighted average interest rate of our debt was 3.99% and 4.34% as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average term to maturity of our debt was approximately two years.

Proceeds from Wells Fargo Center–South Tower Mortgage Loan

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $2.6 million from the lender for approved leasing costs under the future advance portion of the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Debt Refinanced

777 Tower—

On October 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA refinanced the mortgage loan secured by the 777 Tower office property and received net proceeds totaling approximately $271.5 million, of which $220.0 million was used to repay the loan that previously encumbered the property, with the remainder to be used for capital and tenant improvements at the Company’s properties.

The new $318.6 million loan is comprised of a $268.6 million mortgage loan and a $50.0 million mezzanine loan, each of which bears interest at variable rates equal to LIBOR plus 1.60% and 4.15%, respectively, requires the payment of interest-only until maturity, and matures on October 31, 2024.

On October 31, 2019, initial loan advances under the mortgage and mezzanine loans of $231.8 million and $43.2 million, respectively, were disbursed to the Company. As of December 31, 2019, maximum future advance amounts of $36.8 million and $6.8 million are available under the mortgage and mezzanine loans, respectively, that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreements)agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, leasing commissions, and common area improvements.
(5)As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2021, a future advance amount of $36.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. The Company can draw against the mortgage loanthis future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mezzanine loan future advance amount.

(6)As required by the loan agreement, we have entered into an interest rate cap contract that limits the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. As of December 31, 2021, a future advance amount of $6.8 million is available under this loan that can be drawn to fund approved leasing costs (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), including tenant improvements and inducements, and leasing commissions. The Company can draw against this future advance amount as long as a pro rata draw is made against the mortgage loan future advance amount.
(7)As required by the loan agreements, we have entered into interest rate cap contracts that limit the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%.

The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s secured debt was 2.91% and 3.19% as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average term to maturity of our debt was approximately three years.

Debt Maturities

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s minimum future principal payments due on the Company’s secured debt (after the impact of extension options that the Company controls, if applicable) as of December 31, 2021:
2023819,296 
2024675,000 
2025305,000 
2026465,000 
Total secured debt$2,264,296 

As of December 31, 2021, $1,340.8 million of the Company’s secured debt may be prepaid without penalty, $400.0 million may be defeased (as defined in the underlying loan agreements) and $523.5 million may be prepaid with prepayment penalties.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Gas Company Tower—

On February 5, 2021, Brookfield DTLA refinanced its Gas Company Tower secured loans. The original $450.0 million secured loans were replaced with secured loans of $465.0 million, comprised of a $350.0 million mortgage loan, a $65.0 million mezzanine loan and a $50.0 million mezzanine loan, each of which bears interest at variable rates equal to LIBOR plus 1.89%, 5.00% and 7.75%, respectively. The initial maturity date of these interest-only loans is February 9, 2023. The mortgage loan can be prepaid, in whole or in part, with prepayment fees (as defined in the underlying loan agreements),agreement) until February 2022 after which the loan may be repaid without prepayment fees. A voluntary prepayment of the mortgage or mezzanine loans requires a simultaneous pro-rata prepayment of all loans encumbering this property. Brookfield DTLA has 3 options to extend the loans maturity dates for a period of one year each, as long as the maturity date of the mezzanine loanloans is repaid on a pro rata basisextended simultaneously with the mortgage loan, until November 10, 2020, after which the loans may be repaid without penalty.

Debt Maturities

As Brookfield DTLA’s debt matures, principal payment obligations present significant future cash requirements. Asand no Event of December 31, 2019, our debt to be repaid in future periods is as follows (in thousands):

2020$765,000
2021710,796
2022—
202358,500
2024675,000
 $2,209,296

As of December 31, 2019, $1,025.8 million of our debt may be prepaid without penalty, $400.0 million may be defeasedDefault (as defined in the underlying loan agreement), $725.0agreements) has occurred. All proceeds from the new secured loans were used to pay off the original $450.0 million may be prepaidencumbrance and to satisfy the new loans’ required reserves. The Company recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $4.6 million, which represented a prepayment premium and debt yield maintenance fee, in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Non-Recourse Carve Out Guarantees

All of our secured debt is subject to “non-recourse carve out” guarantees that expire upon elimination of the underlying loan obligations. In connection with prepayment penalties,all of these loans, Brookfield DTLA entered into “non-recourse carve out” guarantees, which provide for these otherwise non-recourse loans to become partially or fully recourse against DTLA Holdings, if certain triggering events (as defined in the loan agreements) occur.

Debt Compliance

As of December 31, 2021, Brookfield DTLA was in compliance with all material financial covenants contained in the loan agreements.

Certain loan agreements held by Brookfield DTLA contain debt yield and $58.5 million is locked out from prepayment until March 1, 2020.debt service coverage ratios. As of December 31, 2021, Brookfield DTLA was meeting or exceeding these financial ratios, with the exception of the loans secured by Wells Fargo Center—South Tower and Wells Fargo Center—North Tower that did not meet their respective minimum debt yield ratio.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Wells Fargo Center–South Tower —

Pursuant to the terms of the Wells Fargo Center–South Tower mortgage loan agreement, effective September 2020, a cash sweep event commenced as the borrower’s debt yield ratio was under the minimum debt yield ratio. While this does not constitute an Event of Default under the terms of the mortgage loan agreement, any excess operating cash flows are currently swept to a cash account controlled by the loan administrative agent. Funds within this account shall be applied to the borrower's approved operating expenses, capital expenditures and leasing costs; property taxes and insurance; interest and any other amounts due and payable under the loan and interest rate cap contracts; and fees and expenses due to the loan administrative agent.

Wells Fargo Center–North Tower—Tower —


Brookfield DTLA currently intends to extendAs of December 31, 2021, the borrower’s debt secured by Wells Fargo Center–North Tower on its scheduled maturity in October 2020. The Company has three options to extendyield ratio was under the maturity dateminimum debt yield ratio. While this does not constitute an Event of this debt, each for a period of one year, as long asDefault under the maturity dates of both of the mezzanine loans are extended when the maturity dateterms of the mortgage loan is extended. Asagreement, following the occurrence of December 31, 2019, we meetsuch debt yield event, any excess operating cash flows are to be swept to a cash account controlled by the criterialoan administrative agent. Funds within this account shall be applied to the borrower's approved operating expenses, tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions (capped at the leasing reserve deposit amount as specified in the loan agreementsagreements); property taxes and insurance; interest and any other amounts due and payable under the loan and interest rate cap contracts; reserve accounts; and fees and expenses due to extend these loans.the loan administrative agent. The cash sweep started in January 2022.


EY Tower—London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) Transition


Brookfield DTLA currentlyThe chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, previously announced that the FCA intends to refinancestop compelling banks to submit rates for the debt securedcalculation of LIBOR after 2021. In response, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to USD-LIBOR in derivatives and other financial contracts. In November 2020, the Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”) Benchmark Administration Limited, the benchmark administrator for USD-LIBOR rates, proposed extending the publication of certain commonly-used USD-LIBOR settings until June 30, 2023 and the FCA issued a statement supporting such proposal. In connection with this proposal, certain U.S. banking regulators issued guidance strongly encouraging banks to generally cease entering into new contracts referencing USD-LIBOR as soon as practicable and in any event by EY Plaza on or about its scheduled maturity in November 2020. There can be no assurance thatDecember 31, 2021. It is not possible to predict the refinancingeffect of this debt can be accomplished, what termsthese changes, including when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets.

We have outstanding variable debt and interest rate cap contracts that are indexed to LIBOR. The Company is currently in the process of identifying its LIBOR-based contracts that will be impacted by the cessation of LIBOR, incorporating fallback language in negotiated contracts and incorporating non-LIBOR reference rate and/or fallback language in new contracts to prepare for these changes.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
If LIBOR changes or is replaced, the interest rates on our debt which is indexed to USD-LIBOR will be determined using a different successor rate, which may adversely affect interest expense and may result in interest obligations which are more than the payments that would have been made on such debt if USD-LIBOR was available in the market for this type of financing at the time of any refinancing, and whether a principal paydown will be needed when the debt is refinanced (based on market conditions.)its current form.


Note 8—7—Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities


Brookfield DTLA’s accounts payable and other liabilities are comprised of the following (in thousands):following:

As of December 31,
20212020
Tenant improvements and inducements payable$32,973 $47,679 
Unearned rent and tenant payables31,249 27,331 
Accrued capital expenditures and leasing commissions7,422 15,201 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities5,968 5,830 
Accounts payable and other liabilities$77,612 $96,041 

Note 8—Noncontrolling Interests
 As of December 31,
 2019 2018
    
Tenant improvements and inducements payable$29,140
 $27,862
Unearned rent and tenant payables23,817
 17,077
Accrued capital expenditures and leasing commissions18,205
 9,844
Accrued expenses and other liabilities8,683
 8,895
Accounts payable and other liabilities$79,845
 $63,678



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 9—Mezzanine Equity Component


Mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheets is comprised of the following:

Series A Preferred Stock

Stock.Brookfield DTLA is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share. As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, 9,730,370 shares of Series A preferred stock were outstanding, of which 9,357,469 shares were issued to third parties and 372,901 shares were issued to DTLA Fund Holding Co., a subsidiary of DTLA Holdings.


Series A Preferred Interest. The Series A preferred interest in Fund II is indirectly held by the Company through wholly-owned subsidiaries (subject to certain REIT accommodation preferred interests).

Series A-1 Preferred Interest. The Series A-1 preferred interest is held by DTLA Holdings or wholly-owned subsidiaries of DTLA Holdings.

Senior Participating Preferred Interest. Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties III LLC (“Fund III”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of DTLA Holdings, issued a senior participating preferred interest to DTLA Holdings in connection with the formation of Brookfield DTLA and the MPG acquisition.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Series B Preferred Interest. At the time of the merger with MPG, DTLA Holdings made a commitment to contribute up to $260.0 million in cash or property to Fund II, which directly or indirectly owns the Brookfield DTLA properties. Effective November 2020, pursuant to the Amendment to Limited Liability Company Agreement of Fund II, such contribution commitment by DTLA Holdings increased by $50.0 million to $310.0 million. As of December 31, 2021, $21.2 million is available to the Company under this commitment for future funding. The Series B preferred interest in Fund II held by DTLA Holdings is effectively senior to the interest in Fund II indirectly held by the Company and has a priority on distributions senior to the equity securities of such subsidiaries held indirectly by the Company and, as a result, effectively rank senior to the Series A preferred stock. The Series B preferred interest in Fund II may limit the amount of funds available to the Company for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock.

The Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest and Series B preferred interest are held by a noncontrolling interest holder. Series A preferred stock, Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest and Series B preferred interest are classified as mezzanine equity because they are callable, and the holder of the Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest, Series B preferred interest, and some of the Series A preferred stock indirectly controls the ability to elect to redeem such instruments, through its controlling interest in the Company and its subsidiaries. See Note 9—“Mezzanine Equity.”

Stockholders’ Deficit Component

Common interests held by DTLA Holdings are presented as “noncontrolling interests” as part of Stockholders’ Deficit in the consolidated balance sheets.


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Note 9—Mezzanine Equity

A summary of the change in mezzanine equity is as follows:
Number of
Shares of
Series A
Preferred
Stock		Series A
Preferred
Stock		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal
Mezzanine
Equity
Series A-1
Preferred
Interest		Senior
Participating
Preferred
Interest		Series B
Preferred
Interest
Balance, December 31, 20189,730,370 $409,932 $400,816 $23,443 $181,698 $1,015,889 
Issuance of Series B preferred interest40,700 40,700 
Dividends18,548 18,548 
Preferred returns17,213 18,049 35,262 
Redemption measurement adjustments(1,017)(1,017)
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests		538 538 
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests(34,521)(34,521)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(602)(20,574)(21,176)
Balance, December 31, 20199,730,370 428,480 418,029 22,362 185,352 1,054,223 
Issuance of Series B preferred interest47,850 47,850 
Dividends18,548 18,548 
Preferred returns17,213 17,708 34,921 
Redemption measurement adjustments(1,580)(1,580)
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests		777 777 
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests(34,218)(34,218)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(1,146)(17,865)(19,011)
Balance, December 31, 20209,730,370 447,028 435,242 20,413 198,827 1,101,510 
Issuance of Series B preferred interest25,500 25,500 
Dividends18,549 18,549 
Preferred returns17,212 16,063 33,275 
Redemption measurement adjustments1,028 1,028 
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests		629 629 
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests(45,306)(45,306)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(879)(17,794)(18,673)
Balance, December 31, 20219,730,370 $465,577 $452,454 $21,191 $177,290 $1,116,512 

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company used the cash received from the issuance of the Series B preferred interest for capital expenditures and leasing costs. During the year ended December 31, 2021, repurchases of and distributions to noncontrolling interests were made using the excess operating cash flows generated from other properties. During the year ended December 31, 2020, repurchases of and distributions to noncontrolling interests were made using the excess cash from upsized refinancing of the loans secured by EY Plaza in September 2020, as well as operating cash flows generated from other properties. During the year ended December 31, 2019, repurchases of and distributions to noncontrolling interests were made using the excess cash from upsized refinancing of the loans secured by 777 Tower in October 2019.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Series A Preferred Stock

As of December 31, 2021, the Series A preferred stock is reported at its redemption value of $465.6 million calculated using the redemption price of $243.3 million plus $222.3 million of accumulated and unpaid dividends on such Series A preferred stock through December 31, 2021.

No dividends werewere declared on the Series A preferred stock during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017. 2019. Dividends on the Series A preferred stock are cumulative, and therefore, will continue to accrue at an annual rate of $1.90625 per share.


The Series A preferred stock does not have a stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption provisions. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the Series A preferred stock will rank senior to our common stock with respect to the payment of distributions. We may, at our option, redeem the Series A preferred stock, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accumulated and unpaid dividends on such Series A preferred stock up to and including the redemption date. There is no commitment or obligation on the part of Brookfield DTLA or DTLA Holdings to redeem the Series A preferred stock. The Series A preferred stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of Brookfield DTLA.


Noncontrolling Interests

There is no commitment or obligation on the part of Brookfield DTLA or DTLA Holdings to redeem the Preferred Interests.

Series A-1 Preferred Interest

As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Series AA-1 preferred stockinterest is reported at its redemption value of $428.5$452.5 million calculated using the redemption priceits liquidation value of $25.00 per share$225.7 million plus $185.2$226.7 million of accumulated and unpaid dividends on such Series A preferred stockinterest through December 31, 2019.

Series A-1 Preferred2021. Interest

The Series A-1 preferred interest is held by DTLA Holdings or wholly owned subsidiaries of DTLA Holdings. Interest earned on the Series A-1 preferred interest is cumulative and accrues at an annual rate of 7.625%.

The Series A-1 preferred interest has mirror rights to the Series A preferred interests issued by New OP, which are held by a wholly owned subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA. Distributions will be made 47.66% to the common component of the Series A interest and 52.34% to the common component of the Series B interest, which is held by DTLA Holdings. The economic terms of the Series A preferred stock mirror those of the New OP Series A preferred interests, including distributions in respect of the preferred liquidation preference.

As of December 31, 2019, the Series A-1 preferred interest is reported at its redemption value of $418.0 million calculated using its liquidation value of $225.7 million plus $192.3 million of unpaid interest on such Series A-1 preferred interest through December 31, 2019.


Table of Contents


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Senior Participating Preferred Interest

Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties III LLC (“DTLA OP”) issued a senior participating preferred interest to DTLA Holdings in connection with the formation of Brookfield DTLA and the MPG acquisition. The senior participating preferred interest represents a 4.0% participating interest in the residual value of DTLA OP.


As of December 31, 2019,2021, the senior participating preferred interest is reported at its redemption value of $22.4$21.2 million using the 4.0% participating interest in the residual value of the participating interest.BOA Plaza, EY Plaza and FIGat7th upon disposition or liquidation.


Series B Preferred Interest


At the time of the merger with MPG, DTLA Holdings made a commitment to contribute up to $260.0 million in cash or property to New OP, which directly or indirectly owns the Brookfield DTLA properties, for which it will be entitled to receive a market rate of return determined at the time of contribution (“preferred return”). As of December 31, 2019, $44.5 million is available to the Company under this commitment for future funding.

The Series B preferred interest in New OP held by DTLA Holdings is effectively senior to the interest in New OP held by Brookfield DTLA and has a priority on distributions senior to the equity securities of such subsidiaries held indirectly by Brookfield DTLA and, as a result, effectively rank senior to the Series A preferred stock. The Series B preferred interest in New OP may limit the amount of funds available to Brookfield DTLA for any purpose, including for dividends or other distributions to holders of its capital stock, including the Series A preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Series B preferred interest is reported at its redemption value of $185.4$177.3 million calculated using its liquidation value of $181.0$174.8 million plus $4.4$2.5 million of unpaid preferred returns on such Series B preferred interest through December 31, 2019.

2021. Brookfield DTLA is entitled to receive a market rate of return on its contributions, currently 9.0% as of December 31, 2021.

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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Distribution Waterfall
Change
Brookfield DTLA may, at its discretion, distribute all or a portion of its available cash (as defined in Mezzanine Equitythe limited liability company agreement of Fund II) in the following priority: (1)

First to:Series B preferred interest unpaid preferred return
Second to:Series B preferred interest unreturned preferred capital
Third, proportionally in respect of
    unpaid preferred return to:
Series A preferred interest unpaid preferred return (2)
Series A-1 preferred interest unpaid preferred return (3)
Fourth, proportionally in respect
    of unreturned capital to: (2) (4)
Series A preferred interest unreturned capital
Series A-1 preferred interest unreturned capital (3)
And fifth to:Common interests to Brookfield DTLA and DTLA Holdings (5)
A summary__________
(1)Cash available to Fund II arises from its interests in its investments. Fund II owns indirectly all of the changeinterests in mezzanine equityGas Company Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, 777 Tower and an interest in the 755 South Figueroa development site which will decrease as capital is called to fund the development. See Note 1 “Organization and Description of Business”. In addition, Fund II owns 96% indirectly of the interests in EY Plaza, FIGat7th and BOA Plaza (the “Fund III Assets”). DTLA Holdings owns the remaining 4% interest in the Fund III Assets. The amounts due to DTLA Holdings on the senior participating preferred interest for its preferred return and unreturned capital in Fund III were fully paid as follows (in thousands, except share amounts):

  
Number of
Shares of
Series A
Preferred
Stock
 
Series A
Preferred
Stock
 Noncontrolling Interests 
Total
Mezzanine
Equity
    
Series A-1
Preferred
Interest
 
Senior
Participating
Preferred
Interest
 
Series B
Preferred
Interest
 
             
Balance, December 31, 2016 9,730,370
 $372,852
 $366,297
 $25,019
 $65,364
 $829,532
Issuance of Series B preferred interest         111,492
 111,492
Dividends   18,548
       18,548
Preferred returns     17,213
   13,435
 30,648
Redemption measurement adjustments       479
   479
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests
       520
   520
Distributions to noncontrolling interests       (470) —
 (470)
Balance, December 31, 2017 9,730,370
 391,400
 383,510
 25,548
 190,291
 990,749
Issuance of Series B preferred interest         —
 —
Dividends   18,532
       18,532
Preferred returns     17,306
   17,961
 35,267
Redemption measurement adjustments       1,482
   1,482
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests
       —
   —
Distributions to noncontrolling interests       (3,587) (26,554) (30,141)
Balance, December 31, 2018 9,730,370
 409,932
 400,816
 23,443
 181,698
 1,015,889
Issuance of Series B preferred interest         40,700
 40,700
Dividends   18,548
       18,548
Preferred returns     17,213
   18,049
 35,262
Redemption measurement adjustments       (1,017)   (1,017)
Contributions from noncontrolling
    interests
       538
   538
Repurchases of noncontrolling interests         (34,521) (34,521)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests       (602) (20,574) (21,176)
Balance, December 31, 2019 9,730,370
 $428,480
 $418,029
 $22,362
 $185,352
 $1,054,223

During the year endedof December 31, 2019,2015. All of Fund II’s interests in these assets are subject to certain REIT accommodation preferred interests. This waterfall may be effected by future equity issuances in respect of Fund II, Fund III, Fund IV, or their subsidiaries, and are subject to all of the Company usedindebtedness of the cash received fromentities.
(2)The Fund II Series A preferred interest is comprised of two parts, one is a preferred component with the issuanceanalogous economic terms as the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and a common component, which is junior to the preferred component of the Series A interest on analogous terms to the relationship between the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Common Stock. The Series A preferred interest is junior to the Fund II Series B preferred interest. See Note 8 “Noncontrolling Interests — Series B Preferred Interest”. Amounts paid in respect of the Fund II’s Series A preferred interest for capital expenditures and leasing costs while during the year ended December 31, 2017,are generally available upon distribution to the Company used the cash received to pay for costs associated with the refinancingfurther distribution in respect of the Wells Fargo Center–North Tower mortgage loan, includingCompany’s Series A Preferred Stock, and, when and if distributed in respect of the Series A Preferred Stock, will be distributed first to accumulated and unpaid dividends and to reduce its unreturned liquidation capital.
(3)DTLA Holdings in its capacity as the holder of the Series A-1 preferred interest can waive receipt of distributions that would otherwise be made to it in respect of the Series A-1 preferred interest and such amounts shall be paid instead to the Series A preferred interest or as otherwise provided by the subsequent provisions of the waterfall. Any amounts waived by DTLA Holdings shall not reduce the Series A-1 unpaid preferred return or unreturned capital.
(4)Applicable if distribution is (a) in connection with a principal paydownliquidating event or redemption or (b) at the election of Brookfield DTLA.
(5)Based on the interests of the Series A and transaction costs, and for general corporate purposes. Contributions from noncontrollingSeries B interests were used for general corporate purposes. All distributionsof the Fund after repayment of the preferred capital portion of each of them, until the Senior A junior unreturned liquidation capital is reduced to and repurchases of noncontrolling interests were made using cash on hand.zero.



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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 10—10—Stockholders’ Deficit


Common Stock


Brookfield DTLA is authorized to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, 1,000 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding.outstanding. No dividends were declared on the Company’s common stock during the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017.2019.


Brookfield DTLA has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock in the past. Any future dividends declared would be at the discretion of Brookfield DTLA’s board of directors and would depend on its financial condition, results of operations, contractual obligations and the terms of its financing agreements at the time a dividend is considered, and other relevant factors.


Additional Paid-in Capital


During the years ended December 31, 20192021, 2020 and 2018,2019, Brookfield DTLA receivedrecorded contributions to additional paid-in capital totaling $1.7$1.0 million, $4.8 million and $1.6$1.7 million, respectively, from DTLA Holdings, which were used for general corporate purposes.


Note 11—Noncontrolling Interests

Mezzanine Equity Component

The Series A-1 preferred interest, senior participating preferred interest and Series B preferred interest consist of equity interests of New OP, DTLA OP and New OP, respectively, which are owned directly by DTLA Holdings. These noncontrolling interests are presented as mezzanine equity in the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9—“Mezzanine Equity.”

Stockholders’ Deficit Component

The Series B common interest ranks junior to the Series A preferred stock as to dividends and upon liquidation and is presented in the consolidated balance sheet as noncontrolling interest.


Table of Contents


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss


A summary of the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to Brookfield DTLA’s derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Balance at beginning of year$— $(2,341)$(224)
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during
    the year		— 562 (2,117)
Reclassification of losses related to
    terminated interest rate swaps to
    other expenses included in net income		— 1,779 — 
Net changes— 2,341 (2,117)
Balance at end of year$— $— $(2,341)

88
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Balance at beginning of year$(224) $(574) $(3,373)
Other comprehensive (loss) income
     before reclassifications
(2,117) 1,548
 2,799
Amounts reclassified from accumulated
     other comprehensive loss		—
 (1,198) —
Net current-year other comprehensive (loss) income(2,117) 350
 2,799
Balance at end of year$(2,341) $(224) $(574)


Note 13—Fair Value Measurements

Brookfield DTLA’s (liabilities) assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall, are as follows (in thousands):

    Fair Value Measurements Using
  
Total
Fair
Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
(Liabilities) Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Interest rate swaps at:        
December 31, 2019 $(1,143) $—
 $(1,143) $—
December 31, 2018 974
 —
 974
 —
December 31, 2017 (574) —
 (574) —


Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 14—12—Financial Instruments


Derivative Financial Instruments


The following table presents the interest rate cap contracts pursuant to the terms of certain of its loan agreements as of December 31, 2021:
Notional
Amount		Strike
Rate (1)		Expiration
Date
Interest Rate Caps:
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower$400,000 2.57 %10/15/2022
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower65,000 2.57 %10/15/2022
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower35,000 2.57 %10/15/2022
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower290,000 3.63 %11/4/2022
777 Tower268,600 4.00 %11/10/2022
777 Tower50,000 4.00 %11/10/2022
EY Plaza275,000 4.00 %10/15/2022
EY Plaza30,000 4.00 %10/15/2022
Gas Company Tower$350,000 4.00 %2/15/2023
Gas Company Tower$65,000 4.00 %2/15/2023
Gas Company Tower$50,000 4.00 %2/15/2023
Total derivatives not designated
    as cash flow hedging instruments		$1,878,600 
__________
(1)The index used for all derivative financial instruments shown above is 1-Month LIBOR.

A summary of the fair value of Brookfield DTLA’s derivative financial instruments is as follows (in thousands):follows:


Fair Value as of December 31,
Balance Sheet Location20212020
Derivatives not designated as
    hedging instruments:
        Interest rate caps		Prepaid and other assets, net$46 $5 

89
 Fair Value as of December 31,
 2019 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:   
Interest rate swap assets$—
 $974
Interest rate swap liabilities(1,143) —


A summary of the effect of derivative financial instruments reported in the consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):

 
Amount of
(Loss) Gain
Recognized in AOCL
 
Amount of Gain
Reclassified from
AOCL to Statement
of Operations
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:   
Interest rate swaps for the years ended:   
December 31, 2019$(2,117) $—
December 31, 20181,548
 1,198
December 31, 20172,799
 —

The gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss during the year ended December 31, 2018 is included as part of interest and other revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest Rate Swaps—

As of December 31, 2019, Brookfield DTLA held the following interest rate swap contracts pursuant to the terms of the EY Plaza mortgage loan agreement (in thousands, except percentages and dates):

  
Notional
Amount
 
Swap
Rate
 
LIBOR
Spread
 
Effective
Interest
Rate
 
Expiration
Date
           
Interest rate swap $168,151
 2.18% 1.65% 3.83% 11/2/2020
Interest rate swap 54,206
 2.47% 1.65% 4.12% 11/2/2020
  $222,357
 2.28% 1.65% 3.88%  


Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The following table presents the gain (loss) recorded on interest rate swaps for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
Interest Rate Caps—
Gain (Loss)
Recognized
in OCL		Loss Reclassified
from AOCL to Consolidated
Statements of Operations
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
For the years ended:
December 31, 2021$— $— 
December 31, 2020$562 $(1,779)(1)
December 31, 2019$(2,117)$— 

__________
Brookfield DTLA holds(1)Included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Changes in fair value of interest rate cap contracts pursuantrecognized in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were de minimis.

Other Financial Instruments

Brookfield DTLA’s other financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of bank deposits and rents receivable. Brookfield DTLA places its bank deposits with major commercial banks. Cash balances with any one institution may at times be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured limit of $250,000.

See Note 2 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net” for a discussion of assessments regarding the collectibility of rents and deferred rents receivable and related adjustments made during the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Note 13—Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. The objective of fair value is to determine the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the “exit price”).

ASC Topic 820 established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three categories:
•Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
•Level 2—Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets but corroborated by market data.
•Level 3—Unobservable prices that are used when little or no market data is available.
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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. Brookfield DTLA utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs, to the extent possible, as well as consider counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

Recurring Measurements—

The fair value of Brookfield DTLA’s interest rate swap contracts was determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analyses on the expected cash flows of the derivatives. These analyses reflect the contractual terms of certainthe derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The Company has incorporated credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our and the respective counterparty’s non‑performance risk in the fair value measurements. The interest rate swap contracts were terminated in September 2020. See Note 12 “Financial Instruments.”

The fair value of its debt agreements with the following notional amounts (in thousands):

 As of December 31,
 2019 2018
    
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower$400,000
 $400,000
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower65,000
 65,000
Wells Fargo Center–North Tower35,000
 35,000
Wells Fargo Center–South Tower290,000
 290,000
777 Tower268,600
 220,000
777 Tower50,000
 —
EY Plaza35,000
 35,000
 $1,143,600
 $1,045,000

As required by the 777 Tower mortgage and mezzanine loan agreements, on October 31, 2019 the Company entered into interest rate cap contracts with notional amounts totaling $318.6 million that limitwas $46 thousand and $5 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company classified them as Level 2 in the LIBOR portion of the interest rate to 4.00%. The contracts expire on November 10, 2021.fair value hierarchy.


Other Financial InstrumentsNonrecurring Measurements—


As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Refer to Note 2—“Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Impairment Review” for further discussion.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments—

Secured debt — The Company estimates the fair value of its debt by calculating the credit-adjusted present value of principal and interest payments for each loan. The calculation incorporates observable market interest rates (Level 2 inputs), assumes that each loan will be outstanding until maturity, and excludes any options to extend the maturity date of the loan available per the terms of the loan agreement, if any. The table below presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of the Company’s secured debt included in liabilities:
As of December 31,
20212020
Fair Value$2,263,160 $2,246,225 
Carrying value$2,255,921 $2,239,640 

Other financial instruments — As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant and other receivables, other assets, accounts payable and other liabilities, and amounts due from or tobalances with affiliates approximate fair value.value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.


The estimated fair value and carrying amount of Brookfield DTLA’s secured debt is as follows (in thousands):


91
 As of December 31,
 2019 2018
    
Estimated fair value$2,210,389
 $2,142,813
Carrying amount2,209,296
 2,151,686




Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 15—14—Related Party Transactions


Management Agreements


Certain subsidiaries of Brookfield DTLA have entered into arrangements with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager provides property management and various other services. Property managementThe following table presents the basis of fees under the management agreements entered into in connection with these arrangements are calculated based on 2.75% of rents collected (as defined in the management agreements). In addition, the Company pays an asset management fee to BPY and BAM, which is calculated based on 0.75% of the capital invested by DTLA Holdings in Brookfield DTLA’s properties. Leasing management fees paid to the Manager range from 1.00% to 4.00% of expected rents, depending on the terms of the lease and whether a third-party broker was paid a commission for the transaction. Construction management fees are paid to the Manager based on 3.00% of hard and soft construction costs. Development management fees are paidincurred to the Manager and Brookfield affiliates byduring the unconsolidated real estate joint venture based on 3.00% of hardyears ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and soft construction costs.2019:


Fee TypeAffiliateFee Description
Property managementThe Manager2.75% of rents collected (as defined in the management agreements)
Asset managementBPY and BAM0.75% of DTLA Holdings’ invested equity in Brookfield DTLA’s properties
LeasingThe Manager and Brookfield affiliates1.00% to 4.00% of expected rents, depending on the terms of the lease and whether a third-party broker was paid a commission for the transaction
Construction managementThe Manager3.00% of hard and soft construction costs
Development managementOther3.00% of hard and soft construction costs
EntitlementOther20.00% of the entitlement costs incurred by BOA Plaza, if the entitlement budget is less than $3,000,000
A summary of fees and costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries under these arrangements is as follows (in thousands):follows:

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Property management fee expense$8,479
 $8,111
 $8,136
Asset management fee expense6,161
 6,330
 6,330
Leasing and construction management fees5,051
 3,209
 5,198
Development management fees (1)991
 —
 —
General, administrative and reimbursable expenses2,865
 3,007
 2,613
For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Property management$8,037 $8,035 $8,479 
Asset management$6,166 $6,040 $6,161 
Leasing$1,607 $2,105 $1,788 
Construction management$400 $3,239 $3,263 
Development management (1)$1,881 $1,007 $991 
Entitlement$639 $— $— 
General, administrative and reimbursable expenses$2,807 $2,492 $2,865 
__________
(1)Amount presented is calculated by applying the Company’s ownership interest percentage in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture as of period end to the amounts capitalized during the period. Amounts capitalized prior to May 31, 2019 (the date our wholly‑owned interests in the Property Owner were transferred to the joint venture) are reported at 100%.

(1)Amounts presented are calculated by applying the Company’s ownership interest percentage in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture as of year end to the costs incurred during the year.

Expenses incurred under these arrangements are included in rental property operating and maintenance expense in the consolidated statementstatements of operations, with the exception of asset management fee expense which is included in other expense.expenses. Leasing management fees are capitalized as deferred charges, while construction management and entitlement fees are capitalized as part of investments in real estate, and development management fees are capitalized and included in the investment in unconsolidated real estate joint venture in the consolidated balance sheet.sheets.



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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Insurance Agreements


Properties held by certain Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates are covered under insurance policies entered into by the Manager that provide, among other things, all risk property and business interruption coverage for BPY’s commercial portfolio with ana portfolio shared aggregate limit of $2.5 billion per occurrence as well as an aggregate limit of $437.5$495.0 million of earthquake insurance for California, and $372.5$350.0 million of flood and weather catastrophe insurance. In addition, Brookfield DTLA’s properties are covered by a terrorism insurance policy that provides a maximum of $4.0 billion per occurrence for all of BPY’s U.S. properties.properties located in the United States. Brookfield DTLA is in compliance with the contractual obligations regarding terrorism insurance contained in such policies. Insurance premiums for Brookfield DTLA’s properties are paid by the Manager. Brookfield DTLA reimburses the Manager for the amount of fees and expenses related to such policies that have been allocated to the Company’s properties as determined by the Manager in its reasonable discretion taking into consideration certain facts and circumstances, including the value of the Company’s properties.


A summary of costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates under this arrangement, which are included in rental property operating and maintenance expense in the consolidated statementstatements of operations, is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Insurance expense (1)$12,473 $11,836 $9,286 

 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Insurance expense$9,286
 $8,026
 $7,795
(1)An affiliate of BAM secures insurance policies for the Company through third-party brokers and insurance companies and charges the Company a fee for the services it provides. Fees charged vary but will not exceed 2.50% of the total net insurance premiums of the Company and its covered properties. Effective November 1, 2021, this affiliate of BAM ceased charging such fee. Fees incurred for these services totaled $244 thousand, $282 thousand and $237 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, the Company’s terrorism insurance coverage is purchased through a captive facility that is an affiliate of BPY. Insurance premiums incurred totaled $129 thousand, $149 thousand and $173 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


Other Related Party Transactions with BAM Affiliates


A summary of the impact of other related party transactions with BAM affiliates on the Company’s consolidated statementstatements of operations is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Lease income (1)$13,343 $11,443 $5,916 
Parking revenue (1)$1,001 $1,317 $— 
Interest and other revenue$— $51 $208 
Rental property operating and maintenance expense (2)$318 $577 $676 
Other expenses$— $90 $142 
Interest expense (3)(4)$2,201 $1,982 $613 


93
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Lease income$5,916
 $1,928
 $—
Interest and other revenue208
 —
 —
Rental property operating and maintenance expense (1)676

862

579
Other expense142
 —
 —
Interest expense (2)613
 —
 —

__________
(1)Amounts presented are for purchases of chilled water for air conditioning at one of the Company’s properties.
(2)
On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Interest payable to the lender totals $112 thousand and is presented as part of accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. See Note 7—“Secured Debt, Net.”


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BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

__________
(1)In September 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Group, LLC (“Oaktree”), an existing tenant at Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Lease income and parking revenue from Oaktree and its subsidiaries have been reported as related party transactions since the date of acquisition by BAM.
(2)Amounts presented are for purchases of chilled water for air conditioning at one of the Company’s properties supplied by an affiliate of BAM. In July 2021, such supplier was acquired by third parties.
(3)A subsidiary of Oaktree is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan secured by Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Interest payable to the lender totaled $84 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and is reported as part of accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 6—“Secured Debt, Net.” Interest expense on this loan has been reported as a related party transaction since the date of acquisition by BAM.
(4)In February 2021, BAM purchased $18.2 million of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) secured by the Gas Company Tower loans in the open market. The CMBS are payable in monthly installments over a two-year period at a fixed interest rate of 2.50%. The transaction was conducted on an arm’s length basis at fair market value. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred interest expense of $391 thousand on this CMBS to BAM. In September 2021, this CMBS was sold to Brookfield Asset Management Reinsurance Partners Ltd., an affiliate of BAM.

The Manager or its affiliates may incur certain out-of-pocket expenses on behalf of the Company and pass through such expenses at cost to the Company.

Note 16—15—Future Minimum Base Rents


Brookfield DTLA’s properties are leasedDTLA leases space to tenants primarily under netnon-cancelable operating leases with initial expiration dates ranging from 2020 to 2035. Asthat generally contain provisions for payment of December 31, 2019,base rent plus reimbursement of certain operating expenses. The table below presents the undiscounted cash flows for future minimum base rents to be received from tenants under executed noncancelable operatingnon-cancelable office and retail leases for future periods are as follows (in thousands):

2020$164,816
2021165,161
2022152,236
2023139,245
2024121,143
Thereafter634,167
 $1,376,768

The amounts shown in the table above do not include percentage rents. The Company recorded percentage rents totaling $0.8 million, $2.0 million and $3.1 million as part of lease income in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.2021:


2022$155,255 
2023145,954 
2024131,602 
2025119,022 
2026107,154 
Thereafter511,642 
Total future minimum base rents$1,170,629 

Note 17—16—Commitments and Contingencies

Concentration of Tenant Credit Risk

Brookfield DTLA generally does not require collateral or other security from its tenants, other than security deposits or letters of credit. Our credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, review of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution, and frequent monitoring of our tenant portfolio to identify problem tenants. However, since we have a significant concentration of lease income from certain tenants, the inability of those tenants to make payments under their leases could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

A significant portion of Brookfield DTLA’s lease income is generated by a small number of tenants. No tenant accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated lease income during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Concentration of Property Revenue Risk

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, BOA Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower, EY Plaza and 777 Tower each contributed more than 10% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated revenue. The revenue generated by these six properties totaled 96%, 98% and 100% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated revenue during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


Table of Contents


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Litigation


Brookfield DTLA and its subsidiaries may be subject to pending legal proceedings and litigation incidental to its business. After consultation with legal counsel, management believes that any liability that may potentially result upon resolution of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or consolidated financial statements as a whole.


94



BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Concentration of Tenant Credit Risk

Credit risk arises from the possibility that tenants may be unable to fulfill their lease commitments. Brookfield DTLA’s properties are typically leased to high credit-rated tenants for lease terms ranging from five to ten years, although we also enter into some shorter or longer-term leases. As our entire portfolio is located in the LACBD, any specific economic changes within that location could affect our tenant base, and by extension, our profitability.

Brookfield DTLA generally does not require collateral or other security from its tenants, other than security deposits or letters of credit. Our credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, review of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution, and frequent monitoring of our tenant portfolio to identify problem tenants. However, since we may have a concentration of lease income from certain tenants, the inability of those tenants to make payments under their leases could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased the risk in the near term of our tenants’ ability to fulfill their lease commitments. Certain tenants could declare bankruptcy or become insolvent and cease business operations as a result of prolonged mitigation efforts. See Note 2 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Rents, Deferred Rents and Other Receivables, Net” for a discussion of collectibility of lease income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Concentration of Lease Income Risk

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, BOA Plaza, Wells Fargo Center–North Tower, Wells Fargo Center–South Tower, Gas Company Tower, EY Plaza and 777 Tower each contributed more than 10% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated lease revenue. The revenue generated by these 6 properties totaled 95%, 97% and 96% of Brookfield DTLA’s consolidated revenue during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Capital Commitments


As of December 31, 2019,2021, the Company had $35.4$35.5 million in tenant-related commitments, including tenant improvements, tenant inducements and leasing commissions, which are based on executed leases. Additionally, we had $10.3$0.2 million in construction-related commitments, mainly related to retention payable to contractors for the atrium renovationredevelopment project at Wells Fargo Center as of December 31, 2019.2021.

Note 18—Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)


95
 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
 (In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2019       
Total revenue$76,207
 $79,166
 $79,612
 $82,860
Total expenses89,540
 90,383
 90,815
 96,465
Total other income (loss) (1)—
 14,688
 (29) 8,038
Net (loss) income(13,333) 3,471
 (11,232) (5,567)
Net loss (income) attributable to
    noncontrolling interests:
       
Series A-1 preferred interest returns4,303
 4,303
 4,303
 4,304
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments
(572) (179) 602
 (868)
Series B preferred interest returns4,091
 4,591
 4,966
 4,401
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net loss
9,925
 18,659
 5,260
 1,337
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(31,080) (23,903) (26,363) (14,741)
Series A preferred stock dividends4,637
 4,637
 4,637
 4,637
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA
$(35,717) $(28,540) $(31,000) $(19,378)

__________
(1)
In May 2019, Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA, entered into an agreement to contribute and transfer all of its wholly-owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. in exchange for noncontrolling interests in a newly formed joint venture, which resulted in the derecognition of the assets of 755 South Figueroa, a residential development property. As a result of the derecognition of assets, the Company recognized a gain on representing the difference between the amount of consideration measured and allocated to the assets and their carrying amount as part of other income during the Second Quarter of 2019 consolidated statement of operations. The consideration allocated to the assets contributed to the joint venture by New OP increased by $9.8 million during the Fourth Quarter of 2019 as a result of an amendment to the Existing Agreement, and an additional gain was recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as part of other income.


Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)


Note 17—Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following is a summary of consolidated financial information on a quarterly basis for 2021 and 2020:
Quarter
FirstSecondThirdFourth
2021
Total revenue$69,692 $69,210 $68,820 $76,076 
Total expenses87,625 82,925 83,486 84,070 
Total other income199 97 268 232 
Net loss(17,734)(13,618)(14,398)(7,762)
Net loss (income) attributable to
    noncontrolling interests:
Series A-1 preferred interest returns4,303 4,302 4,303 4,304 
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments		601 299 (325)453 
Series B preferred interest returns4,282 4,146 3,896 3,739 
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net income (loss)		15,204 (6,669)27,222 (2,563)
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(42,124)(15,696)(49,494)(13,695)
Series A preferred stock dividends4,637 4,638 4,637 4,637 
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA		$(46,761)$(20,334)$(54,131)$(18,332)
96
 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
 (In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2018       
Total revenue$75,211
 $84,194
 $77,151
 $79,124
Total expenses84,990
 89,458
 91,789
 94,100
Net loss(9,779) (5,264) (14,638) (14,976)
Net loss (income) attributable to
     noncontrolling interests:
       
Series A-1 preferred interest returns4,303
 4,303
 4,303
 4,397
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments
1,657
 768
 220
 (1,163)
Series B preferred interest returns3,879
 3,921
 3,965
 6,196
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net (loss) income
(12,695) (9,889) (14,531) 65,458
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(6,923) (4,367) (8,595) (89,864)
Series A preferred stock dividends4,637
 4,637
 4,637
 4,621
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA
$(11,560) $(9,004) $(13,232) $(94,485)



Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Quarter
FirstSecondThirdFourth
2020
Total revenue$75,854 $68,522 $70,593 $70,579 
Total expenses89,965 83,788 86,050 88,164 
Total other (loss) income(675)(28)172 6 
Net loss(14,786)(15,294)(15,285)(17,579)
Net loss (income) attributable to
     noncontrolling interests:
Series A-1 preferred interest returns4,303 4,303 4,303 4,304 
Senior participating preferred interest
    redemption measurement adjustments		(225)(2,081)(37)763 
Series B preferred interest returns4,208 4,567 4,689 4,244 
Series B common interest –
    allocation of net income (loss)		9,822 90,090 (9,889)21,720 
Net loss attributable to Brookfield DTLA(32,894)(112,173)(14,351)(48,610)
Series A preferred stock dividends4,637 4,637 4,637 4,637 
Net loss attributable to common interest
    holders of Brookfield DTLA		$(37,531)$(116,810)$(18,988)$(53,247)

97



BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Note 19—18—Investments in Real Estate


A summary of information related to Brookfield DTLA’s investments in real estate as of December 31, 20192021 is as follows (in thousands):follows:

Encum-
brances		Initial Cost
to Company		Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition		Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period		Accum-
ulated
Depre-
ciation (4)		Year
Acquired
or
Con-
structed (5)
LandBuildings and
Improve-
ments		Buildings and
Improve-
ments		LandBuildings
and
Improve-
ments (1)(2)		Total (3)
Los Angeles, CA
Wells Fargo Center– North Tower
333 S. Grand Avenue
$500,000 $41,024 $449,170 $159,563 $41,024 $608,733 $649,757 $118,479 2013 A
BOA Plaza
333 S. Hope Street
400,000 54,163 344,310 83,679 54,163 427,989 482,152 126,413 2006 A
Wells Fargo Center– South Tower
355 S. Grand Avenue
260,796 21,231 389,138 83,404 21,231 472,542 493,773 72,529 2013 A
Gas Company Tower
525-555 W. Fifth Street
465,000 20,742 392,650 77,204 20,742 469,854 490,596 88,320 2013 A
EY Plaza
725 S. Figueroa Street
305,000 47,385 242,504 94,052 47,385 336,556 383,941 92,427 2006 A
777 Tower
777 S. Figueroa Street
275,000 38,010 293,958 43,053 38,010 337,011 375,021 59,069 2013 A
FIGat7th
735 S. Figueroa Street
58,500 — 44,743 29,868 — 74,611 74,611 23,166 2013 C
$2,264,296 $222,555 $2,156,473 $570,823 $222,555 $2,727,296 $2,949,851 $580,403 
__________
(1)Land improvements are combined with building improvements for financial reporting purposes and are carried at cost.
(2)Includes tenant improvements.
(3)The aggregate gross cost of Brookfield DTLA’s investments in real estate for federal income tax purposes approximated $2.9 billion as of December 31, 2021.
(4)Depreciation in the consolidated statements of operations is computed on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: buildings (60 years), building improvements (ranging from 5 years to 25 years), and tenant improvements (the shorter of the useful life or the applicable lease term).
(5)Year represents either the year the property was acquired by the Company (“A”) or the year the property was placed in service by the Company after construction was completed (“C”).

  
Encum-
brances
 
Initial Cost
to Company
 
Costs Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
 
Gross Amount at Which
Carried at Close of Period
 
Accum-
ulated
Depre-
ciation (3)
 
Year
Acquired
or
Con-
structed (4)
 Land 
Buildings and
Improve-
ments
Improve-
ments
 
Carrying
Costs
Land 
Buildings
and
Improve-
ments (1)
 Total (2)
Los Angeles, CA                    
Wells Fargo Center–
    North Tower
        333 S. Grand
           Avenue
 $500,000
 $41,024
 $455,741
 $125,794
 $—
 $41,024
 $581,535
 $622,559
 $89,600
 2013 A
BOA Plaza
     333 S. Hope
          Street		 400,000
 54,163
 343,976
 78,322
 —
 54,163
 422,298
 476,461
 103,525
 2006 A
Wells Fargo Center–
    South Tower
        355 S. Grand
           Avenue
 260,796
 21,231
 398,238
 75,237
 —
 21,231
 473,475
 494,706
 59,288
 2013 A
Gas Company
     Tower
     525-555 W.
          Fifth Street		 450,000
 20,742
 394,378
 77,489
 —
 20,742
 471,867
 492,609
 63,914
 2013 A
EY Plaza
      725 S. Figueroa
          Street
 265,000
 47,385
 242,557
 97,124
 —
 47,385
 339,681
 387,066
 87,597
 2006 A
777 Tower
      777 S. Figueroa
          Street
 275,000
 38,010
 296,964
 41,113
 —
 38,010
 338,077
 376,087
 43,560
 2013 A
FIGat7th
      735 S. Figueroa
          Street
 58,500
 —
 44,743
 31,344
 —
 —
 76,087
 76,087
 18,921
 2013 C
  $2,209,296
 $222,555
 $2,176,597
 $526,423
 $—
 $222,555
 $2,703,020
 $2,925,575
 $466,405
  
98
__________
(1)Land improvements are combined with building improvements for financial reporting purposes and are carried at cost.
(2)The aggregate gross cost of Brookfield DTLA’s investments in real estate for federal income tax purposes approximated $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2019.
(3)Depreciation in the consolidated statement of operations is computed on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: buildings (60 years), building improvements (ranging from 5 years to 25 years), and tenant improvements (the shorter of the useful life or the applicable lease term).
(4)Year represents either the year the property was acquired by the Company (“A”) or the year the property was placed in service by the Company after construction was completed (“C”).



Table of Contents




BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The following is a reconciliation of Brookfield DTLA’s investments in real estate (in thousands):estate:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Investments in Real Estate
Balance at beginning of year$2,967,431 $2,925,575 $2,834,450 
Additions during the year:
Improvements6,653 78,469 148,637 
Deductions during the year:
Dispositions— — 20,139 
Writeoff of fully depreciated investments in real estate24,233 36,613 37,373 
Balance at end of year$2,949,851 $2,967,431 $2,925,575 
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
Investments in Real Estate     
Balance at beginning of year$2,834,450
 $2,756,322
 $2,740,773
Additions during the year:     
Improvements148,637
 78,128
 75,847
Deductions during the year:     
Dispositions20,139
 —
 —
Other (1)37,373
 —
 60,298
Balance at end of year$2,925,575
 $2,834,450
 $2,756,322
__________
(1)During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017, the amount reported represents the cost of fully depreciated buildings and improvements and tenant improvements written off during the period.


The following is a reconciliation of Brookfield DTLA’s accumulated depreciation on its investments in real estate (in thousands):estate:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Accumulated Depreciation
Balance at beginning of year$517,329 $466,405 $418,205 
Additions during the year:
Depreciation expense87,307 87,537 85,573 
Deductions during the year:
Writeoff of fully depreciated investments in real estate24,233 36,613 37,373 
Balance at end of year$580,403 $517,329 $466,405 
.y

99
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
Accumulated Depreciation     
Balance at beginning of year$418,205
 $342,465
 $329,149
Additions during the year:     
Depreciation expense85,573
 75,740
 73,614
Deductions during the year:     
Other (1)37,373
 —
 60,298
Balance at end of year$466,405
 $418,205
 $342,465

__________
(1)During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017, the amount reported represents the accumulated depreciation of fully depreciated buildings and improvements and tenant improvements written off during the period.


Table of Contents


BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE TRUST INVESTOR INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 20—Subsequent Event

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID–19”)

Brookfield DTLA owns, operates and manages commercial office and retail properties in the LACBD and receives its income primarily from lease income generated from tenants of those properties. Our business may be vulnerable to damages from a number of sources, including major health issues and pandemics, such as COVID–19, commerce and travel, which may adversely affect trade and global and local economic conditions. Such adverse developments could include oversupply of or reduced demand for office and retail space; business layoffs; downsizings; relocations; increased telecommuting; or industry slowdowns affecting the tenants of our properties.

Tenants of our properties may experience a downturn in their business from the effects of COVID–19, which could cause the loss of tenants or weaken their financial condition and result in the tenants’ inability to make lease payments when due or require rent concessions. In the event of a significant number of lease defaults and/or tenant bankruptcies, it may be difficult, costly and time consuming to attract new tenants and lease the space for the rent and on terms as favorable as the previous leases or at all. The loss of lease payments from tenants and costs of re-leasing would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, and our cash flows may not be sufficient to meet all of our obligations and liabilities.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of the COVID–19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID–19.



Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.
None.


Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures.


Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


Brookfield DTLA maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.


As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), Brookfield DTLA carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its principal executive officer and its principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Brookfield DTLA’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, G. Mark Brown, our principal executive officer, and Bryan D. Smith, our principal financial officer, concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2019.2021.


Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting


Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)). Our management, including Messrs. Brown and Smith, evaluated the effectiveness of Brookfield DTLA’s internal control over financial reporting using the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.2021.


Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting


There have been no changes in Brookfield DTLA’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarterthree months ended December 31, 20192021 that have materially affected, or that are reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal control over financial reporting due to the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the impact of the measures taken to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.


100

Item 9B.Other Information.


None.


Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III


Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Information about our Executive Officers


Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc., a Maryland Corporation (“Brookfield DTLA,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our”), does not directly employ any of the persons responsible for managing its business. Brookfield DTLA is a direct subsidiary of Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“DTLA Holdings”, and together with its affiliates excluding the Company and its subsidiaries, the “Manager”), manages our operations and activities, and it, together with the board of directors and officers, makes decisions on our behalf. Our executive officers are employed by the Manager and the Company does not directly or indirectly pay any compensation to them. The compensation of the executive officers is set by the Manager and the Company has no control over the determination of their compensation. Our executive officers participate in employee benefit plans and arrangements sponsored by the Manager. The Company has not established any employee benefit plans or entered into any employment agreements with any of our executive officers. In determining the total compensation paid to the Company’s executive officers, the Manager considers, among other things, its business, results of operations and financial condition taken as a whole.


Our current executive officers are as follows:

NameAgePositionExecutive
Officer
Since
G. Mark Brown57Chairman of the Board and Principal
Executive Officer of Brookfield DTLA
(also a Managing Partner in Brookfield
Asset Management’s real estate group)		2017
Bryan D. Smith51Chief Financial Officer of Brookfield DTLA
(also a Managing Director in Brookfield
Asset Management’s real estate group)		2018

Name Age Position 
Executive
Officer
Since
       
G. Mark Brown 55 
Chairman of the Board and Principal
    Executive Officer of Brookfield DTLA
    (also a Managing Partner in Brookfield
    Asset Management’s real estate group)
 2017
Bryan D. Smith 49 
Chief Financial Officer of Brookfield DTLA
    (also a Senior Vice President in Brookfield
    Asset Management’s real estate group)
 2018

G. Mark Brown was appointed Chairman of the Board and Principal Executive Officer of Brookfield DTLA in 2017. He has served on the board of directors since the Company was formed in 2013. Mr. Brown is a Managing Partner in Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“BAM”)’s real estate group. He has been employed by the Manager since 2000, and has held various senior executive roles, including Global Chief Investment Officer. The board of directors appointed Mr. Brown as Chairman of the Board and Principal Executive Officer based on, among other factors, his knowledge of the Company and his experience in commercial real estate.


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Bryan D. Smith was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Brookfield DTLA in August 2018. HeMr. Smith is a Managing Director in BAM’s real estate group, and has been employed by the Manager as Senior Vice President since March 2018. Prior to joining Brookfield, Mr. Smith was the Chief Financial Officer of US Real Estatethe U.S. real estate business at The Carlyle Group since June 2013.a global private equity firm and also held various accounting roles in global accounting and financial services firms. The board of directors appointed Mr. Smith as Chief Financial Officer based on, among other factors, his experience in finance and commercial real estate.

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Directors of the Registrant


Our current board of directors is as follows:

NameAgePositionDirector
Since
G. Mark Brown57Director (also Chairman of the Board and
Principal Executive Officer of
Brookfield DTLA, and a Managing Partner
in Brookfield Asset Management’s real
estate group)		2013
Michelle L. Campbell51Director (also Senior Vice President, Secretary
of Brookfield DTLA and Senior Vice President
in Brookfield Asset Management’s real
estate group)		2014
Andrew Dakos56Director2017
Murray Goldfarb47Director (also a Managing Partner in
Brookfield Asset Management’s
real estate group)		2018
Phillip Goldstein77Director2017
Ian Parker57Director2017
Robert L. Stelzl76Director2014

Name Age Position 
Director
Since
       
G. Mark Brown 55 
Director (also Chairman of the Board and
    Principal Executive Officer of
    Brookfield DTLA, and a Managing Partner
    in Brookfield Asset Management’s real
    estate group)
 2013
Michelle L. Campbell 49 
Director (also Senior Vice President, Secretary
    of Brookfield DTLA and Senior Vice President
    in Brookfield Asset Management’s real
    estate group)
 2014
Andrew Dakos 54 Director 2017
Murray Goldfarb 45 
Director (also a Managing Partner in
    Brookfield Asset Management’s
    real estate group)
 2018
Phillip Goldstein 75 Director 2017
Ian Parker 55 
Director (also Chief Operating Officer of
    Brookfield DTLA and Chief Operating
    Officer for Brookfield Properties
    in the Western US and Canada)
 2017
Robert L. Stelzl 74 Director 2014

Messrs. Brown Goldfarb and ParkerGoldfarb and Ms. Campbell are employed by the Manager. The Manager manages the Company’s operations and activities, and it, together with the board of directors and officers, makes decisions on the Company’s behalf. Certain subsidiaries of the Company have entered into arrangements with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager provides property management and various other services to the Company.


Pursuant to Brookfield DTLA’s charter, holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock are entitled to elect two directors (“Preferred Directors”) until the full payment (or setting aside for payment) of all dividends on the Series A preferred stock that are in arrears, as well as dividends for the then-current period. Messrs. Dakos and Goldstein are the incumbent Preferred Directors and will continue to serve on the board of directors until their successors are duly elected and qualified or, if earlier, until the full payment (or setting aside for payment) of all dividends on the Series A preferred stock that are in arrears, as well as dividends for the then-current period in accordance with Maryland law, the Company’s charter and the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated August 11, 2014 (the “Amended Bylaws”).


102

G. Mark Brown has served on the board of directors since Brookfield DTLA was formed in 2013 and has served as Chairman of the Board and the Company’s Principal Executive Officer since 2017. He is a Managing Partner in BAM’s real estate group. He has been employed by the Manager since 2000 in various senior executive roles, including Global Chief Investment Officer. The board of directors nominated Mr. Brown to serve as a director based on, among other factors, his knowledge of the Company and his experience in commercial real estate.



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Michelle L. Campbell has served on the board of directors since 2014 and has served as Senior Vice President and Secretary of Brookfield DTLA since 2016 and as Vice President and Secretary of the Company since it was formed in 2013. Ms. Campbell is a Senior Vice President in BAM’s real estate group and has been employed by the Manager in various legal positions since 2007. The board of directors nominated Ms. Campbell to serve as a director based on, among other factors, her knowledge of the Company and her experience in legal matters and commercial real estate.


Andrew Dakos has served on the board of directors since December 2017, following his election at a Special Meeting of holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. Mr. Dakos is a Principal of Bulldog Investors, LLCLLP (“Bulldog Investors”), a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)‑registered investment adviser to certain private funds, (currently being liquidated), separately-managed accounts and Special Opportunities Fund, Inc., a New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”)‑listed registered closed-end investment company (“Special Opportunities Fund”). He co‑manages Bulldog Investor’s Investors’ investment strategy. He also serves as President and Director of Special Opportunities Fund, CEO, President and Chairman of Swiss Helvetia Fund, Inc., and Trustee and President of the High Income Securities Fund. He previously served as Trustee of Crossroads Liquidating Trust and President and Trustee of High Income Securities Fund.(2015-2020).


Murray Goldfarb has served on the board of directors since August 2018. Mr. Goldfarb is a Managing Partner in BAM’s real estate group. He has been employed by the Manager since 2012. The board of directors nominated Mr. Goldfarb to serve as a director based on, among other factors, his knowledge of the Company and its affiliates and his experience in legal matters and commercial real estate.


Phillip Goldstein has served on the board of directors since December 2017, following his election at a Special Meeting of holders of the Company’s Series A preferred stock. Mr. Goldstein is a co‑founder and Principal of Bulldog Investors, a SEC-registered investment adviser.Investors. He is the lead investment strategist for Bulldog Investors. He also serves as Chairman of The Mexico Equity and Income Fund, Inc., Secretary and Chairman of Special Opportunities Fund, Director of MVC Capital, Inc., Director of Swiss Helvetia Fund, Inc., and Chairman and Secretary of the High Income Securities Fund. He previously served as Director of MVC Capital (2012-2020), and as Trustee of Crossroads Liquidating Trust and Chairman and Trustee of High Income Securities Fund.(2016-2020).


Ian Parker has served on the board of directors since 2017. Prior to his retirement in July 2020, Mr. Parker isserved as the Chief Operating Officer of Brookfield DTLA and is also Chief Operating Officer forof Brookfield Properties in the Western USU.S. and Canada. He has beenwas employed by the Manager in various senior operational roles since 2005.1996. The board of directors nominated Mr. Parker to serve as a director based on, among other factors, his knowledge of the Company’s affiliates and his experience in commercial real estate.


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Robert L. Stelzlhas served on the board of directors since 2014. Mr. Stelzl also has served as a member of the board of directors of Brookfield Real Estate Income Trust Inc. since 2021 and Brookfield Residential Properties Inc. since 2011. Mr. Stelzl served on the Van Eck family of mutual funds’ board of trustees and chair of its Governance Committee from 2007 through 2021. Mr Stelzl is a private real estate investor and investment manager. He currently serves as trustee of several private trusts which hold substantial real estate and other assets. In 2003 he retired from Colony Capital, LLC, a private, global real estate private equity investor,fund manager after 14 years as a principal and member of the Investment Committee. Mr. Stelzl holds an M.B.A. from Harvard University, a B.A. in Fine Arts and a B.A. in Architecture from Rice University. The board of directors nominated Mr. Stelzl to serve as a director based on, among other factors, his experience in commercial real estate.estate and finance.



Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight


The Amended Bylaws give the board of directors the flexibility to determine whether the roles of principal executive officer and Chairman of the Board should be held by the same person or two separate individuals. In connection with the listing of the Series A preferred stock on the NYSE, the board of directors determined that having one person serve as both principal executive officer and Chairman of the Board is in the best interest of the Company’s stockholders. We believe this structure makes the best use of the principal executive officer’s extensive knowledge of the Company and fosters real-time communication between management and the board of directors. Since 2017, Mr. Brown has served as Chairman of the Board and Principal Executive Officer of Brookfield DTLA.


The board of directors is actively involved in overseeing Brookfield DTLA’s risk management. Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the board of directors is responsible for assessing the major risks facing the Company and its business and approving and monitoring appropriate systems to manage those risks. Under its charter, the Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving the Company’s policies with respect to risk assessment and management, particularly financial risk exposure, and discussing with management the steps taken to monitor and control risks.


Changes to Nominating Procedures for Use by Security Holders


There were no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the board of directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2021.


Board Governance Documents


The board of directors maintains a charter for its Audit Committee, has adopted written policies regarding the Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services Provided by the External Auditor and has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines. The board of directors has also adopted the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Personal Trading Policy of BAM, each applicable to the directors, officers and employees of BAM and its subsidiaries. The Company is an indirect subsidiary of BAM.


The Audit Committee Charter, Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available free of charge on the Company’s website at http://www.dtlaofficefund.com under the heading “Reports & Filings–Governance Documents” and are also available in print to any person who sends a written request to that effect to the attention of Michelle L. Campbell, Senior Vice President, Secretary, and Director, Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc., 250 Vesey Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10281.


104

We intend to disclose on the Company’s website, http://www.dtlaofficefund.com, under “Reports & Filings—Governance Documents” any amendment to, or waiver of, any provisions of BAM’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to the directors and/or officers of the Company that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the NYSE.



Audit Committee


The Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Mr. Stelzl is currently Chairman of the Audit Committee and Mr. Dakos is a member of the Audit Committee. Each of Messrs. Stelzl and Dakos is an independent director. Mr. Stelzl has served on the Audit Committee since his election to the board of directors in 2014, and was also appointed as Chair of the Audit Committee in 2014. Mr. Dakos has served on the Audit Committee since March 2018. Based on his experience and expertise,The composition of Audit Committee meets NYSE requirements for a special entity. As a special entity under the boardNYSE Rules, the Board is not required to determine whether any members of directors has determined that Mr. Stelzl isthe Audit Committee qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. The independent members of Brookfield DTLA’sthe Audit Committee also satisfy the enhanced independence standards applicable to audit committees set forth in Rule 10A‑3(b)(i) under the Exchange Act.


Certifications


The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 certifications of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer are filedfiled as Exhibit 31.1 and Exhibit 31.2, respectively,respectively, to this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”


Item 11.Executive Compensation.


Compensation Discussion and Analysis


Brookfield DTLA does not directly employ any of the persons responsible for managing its business. The Manager, through DTLA Holdings, manages our operations and activities, and it, together with the board of directors and officers, makes decisions on our behalf. Our executive officers are employed by the Manager and we do not directly or indirectly pay any compensation to them. The compensation of the executive officers is set by the Manager and we have no control over the determination of their compensation. Our executive officers participate in employee benefit plans and arrangements sponsored by the Manager. We have not established any employee benefit plans or entered into employment agreements with any of our executive officers. In determining the total compensation paid to our executive officers, the Manager considers, among other things, its business, results of operations and financial condition taken as a whole.



105


Compensation of Directors


Each non-independent member of the board of directors, except for Mr. Parker, does not receive any additional compensation from the Company for his or her services as a director. The following table summarizes the compensation earned by each of our independent directors, Messrs. Dakos, Goldstein and Stelzl, and non-independent director, Mr. Parker, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019:2021:

Name (1) 
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash ($) (2)
 Total ($)
(a) (b) (h)
Andrew Dakos 65,000
 65,000
Phillip Goldstein 55,000
 55,000
Robert L. Stelzl 65,000
 65,000
NameFees Earned or
Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards ($)Option Awards ($)Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)All Other Compensation ($)Total ($)
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)
Andrew Dakos (1)
$70,000 $— $— $— $— $70,000 
Phillip Goldstein (1)$60,000 $— $— $— $— $60,000 
Robert L. Stelzl (1)$70,000 $— $— $— $— $70,000 
Ian Parker (1)$60,000 $— $— $— $— $60,000 
__________
(1)Each non-independent member of the board of directors does not receive any additional compensation from the Company for his or her services as a director.
(2)Amounts shown in Column (b) are those earned during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 by independent members of the board of directors consisting of an annual retainer fee of $55,000 and, in the case of Messrs. Dakos and Stelzl, an annual Audit Committee fee of $10,000.

(1)    Consists of an annual retainer fee of $60,000 and, in case of Messrs. Dakos and Stelzl, an additional $10,000 annual Audit Committee fee.

Compensation Risk Assessment


Brookfield DTLA believes that the compensation policies and practices of the Company, and of the Manager with respect to the executive officers of the Company, appropriately balance risk in connection with the achievement of annual and long-term goals and that they do not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk taking. Brookfield DTLA believes that the compensation policies and practices of the Company, and of the Manager with respect to the executive officers of the Company, are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.



106


COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT


The board of directors of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) (§229.402(b)) with management; and based on the review and discussions referred to in paragraph (e)(5)(i)(A) of this Item, the board of directors recommended that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.2021.


The Board of Directors


G. Mark Brown, Chairman
Michelle L. Campbell
Andrew Dakos
Murray Goldfarb
Phillip Goldstein
Ian Parker
Robert L. Stelzl


























































The information required by paragraph (e)(5) of this Item shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material,” or to be “filed” with the Commission or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C (17 CFR 240.14a-1 through 240.14b-2 or 240.14c-1 through 240.14c-101), other than as provided in this Item, or to the liabilities of section 18 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78r), except to the extent that the registrant specifically requests that the information be treated as soliciting material or specifically incorporates it by reference into a document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.



107


Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
and Related Stockholder Matters.


Principal Stockholders


Common Stock


As of March 20, 2020,18, 2022, DTLA Holdings owns 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Brookfield DTLA’s common stock.

Series A Preferred Stock

Based on the Company’s review of all forms filed with the SEC by holders of the Series A preferred stock with respect to ownership of shares of Series A preferred stock and other information, as of March 20, 2020, set forth below is a table that shows how much of our Series A preferred stock was beneficially owned on March 20, 2020, by each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of our Series A preferred stock. Please note that under U.S. securities laws, the Series A preferred stock is generally not considered voting stock and, therefore, persons beneficially owning more than 5% of our Series A preferred stock have no obligation to notify us or the SEC of their beneficial ownership of such Series A preferred stock. Consequently, there may be other holders of more than 5% of the Series A preferred stock that are not known to us.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner 
Amount and
Nature of
Beneficial
Ownership (1)
 
Percent of
Class (1)
(a) (b) (c)
Kawa Capital Management Inc. (2)
21500 Biscayne Boulevard
Suite 700
Aventura, FL 33180
 491,772
 5.05%
__________
(1)
Under Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, certain shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, a person shares the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemed to be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of which the information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount of shares beneficially owned by such person (and only such person) by reason of these acquisition rights. As a result, the percentage of outstanding shares of any person as shown in this table does not necessarily reflect the person’s actual ownership or voting power with respect to the number of shares of Series A preferred stock actually outstanding as of March 20, 2020.
(2)Information regarding Kawa Capital Management Inc. (“Kawa”) was obtained from a Schedule 13G/A, filed with the SEC by Kawa on February 14, 2020. Kawa reported that, at February 14, 2020, the following entity and natural person possessed shared power to vote, and shared power to direct the disposition of, the respective amount of shares that follow: Kawa–491,772; and Mr. Daniel Ades–491,772.



Security Ownership of our Directors and Executive Officers


Common Stock


As of March 20, 2020,18, 2022, none of Brookfield DTLA’s current directors or current executive officers owns any shares of the Company’s common stock.


Series A Preferred Stock


As of March 20, 2020,18, 2022, none of Brookfield DTLA’s current directors or current executive officers owns any shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock.


Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions


Under Brookfield DTLA’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, each director is required to inform the board of directors of any potential or actual conflicts, or what might appear to be a conflict of interest he or she may have with the Company. If a director has a personal interest in a matter before the board of directors or a committee, he or she must not participate in any vote on the matter except where the board of directors or the committee has expressly determined that it is appropriate for him or her to do so. Under BAM’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, officer and employee conflicts of interest are generally prohibited as a matter of Company policy.


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Management Agreements


Certain subsidiaries of Brookfield DTLA have entered into arrangements with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager provides property management and various other services. Property managementThe following table presents the basis of fees under the management agreements entered into in connection with these arrangements are calculated based on 2.75% of rents collected (as defined in the management agreements). In addition, the Company pays an asset management fee to BPY and BAM, which is calculated based on 0.75% of the capital invested by DTLA Holdings in Brookfield DTLA’s properties. Leasing management fees paid to the Manager range from 1.00% to 4.00% of expected rents, depending on the terms of the lease and whether a third-party broker was paid a commission for the transaction. Construction management fees are paid to the Manager based on 3.00% of hard and soft construction costs. Development management fees are paidincurred to the Manager and Brookfield affiliates byduring the unconsolidated real estate joint venture based on 3.00% of hardyears ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and soft construction costs.2019:



Fee TypeAffiliateFee Description
Property managementThe Manager2.75% of rents collected (as defined in the management agreements)
Asset managementBPY and BAM0.75% of DTLA Holdings’ invested equity in Brookfield DTLA’s properties
LeasingThe Manager and Brookfield affiliates1.00% to 4.00% of expected rents, depending on the terms of the lease and whether a third-party broker was paid a commission for the transaction
Construction managementThe Manager3.00% of hard and soft construction costs
Development managementOther3.00% of hard and soft construction costs
EntitlementOther20.00% of the entitlement costs incurred by BOA Plaza, if the entitlement budget is less than $3,000,000


A summary of fees and costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries under these arrangements is as follows (in thousands):follows:


 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Property management fee expense$8,479
 $8,111
 $8,136
Asset management fee expense6,161
 6,330
 6,330
Leasing and construction management fees5,051
 3,209
 5,198
Development management fees (1)991
 —
 —
General, administrative and reimbursable expenses2,865
 3,007
 2,613
For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Property management$8,037 $8,035 $8,479 
Asset management$6,166 $6,040 $6,161 
Leasing$1,607 $2,105 $1,788 
Construction management$400 $3,239 $3,263 
Development management (1)$1,881 $1,007 $991 
Entitlement$639 $— $— 
General, administrative and reimbursable expenses$2,807 $2,492 $2,865 
__________
(1)Amount presented is calculated by applying the Company’s ownership interest percentage in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture as of period end to the amounts capitalized during the period. Amounts capitalized prior to May 31, 2019 (the date our wholly‑owned interests in Brookfield DTLA 4050/755 Inc. were transferred to the joint venture) are reported at 100%.

(1)Amounts presented are calculated by applying the Company’s ownership interest percentage in the unconsolidated real estate joint venture as of year end to the costs incurred during the year.

Insurance Agreements


Properties held by certain Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates are covered under insurance policies entered into by the Manager that provide, among other things, all risk property and business interruption coverage for BPY’s commercial portfolio with an aggregate limit of $2.5 billion per occurrence as well as an aggregate limit of $437.5 million of earthquake insurance for California, and $372.5 million of flood and weather catastrophe insurance. In addition, Brookfield DTLA’s properties are covered by a terrorism insurance policy that provides a maximum of $4.0 billion per occurrence for all of BPY’s U.S. properties. Brookfield DTLA is in compliance with the contractual obligations regarding terrorism insurance contained in such policies.Manager. Insurance premiums for Brookfield DTLA’s properties are paid by the Manager. Brookfield DTLA reimburses the Manager for the amount of fees and expenses related to such policies that have been allocated to the Company’s properties as determined by the Manager in its reasonable discretion taking into consideration certain facts and circumstances, including the value of the Company’s properties.


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A summary of costs incurred by the applicable Brookfield DTLA subsidiaries and affiliates under this arrangement, which are included in rental property operating and maintenance expense in the consolidated statements of operations, is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Insurance expense (1)$12,473 $11,836 $9,286 
(1)An affiliate of BAM secures insurance policies for the Company through third-party brokers and insurance companies and charges the Company a fee for the services it provides. Fees charged vary but will not exceed 2.50% of the total net insurance premiums of the Company and its covered properties. Effective November 1, 2021, this affiliate of BAM ceased charging such fee. Fees incurred for these services totaled $244 thousand, $282 thousand and $237 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, the Company’s terrorism insurance coverage is purchased through a captive facility that is an affiliate of BPY. Insurance premiums incurred totaled $129 thousand, $149 thousand and $173 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018 2017
      
Insurance expense$9,286
 $8,026
 $7,795



Other Related Party Transactions with BAM Affiliates


A summary of the impact of other related party transactions with BAM affiliates on the Company’s consolidated statementstatements of operations is as follows (in thousands):follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,
For the Year Ended December 31,202120202019
2019 2018 2017
     
Lease income$5,916
 $1,928
 $—
Lease income (1)Lease income (1)$13,343 $11,443 $5,916 
Parking revenue (1)Parking revenue (1)$1,001 $1,317 $— 
Interest and other revenue208
 —
 —
Interest and other revenue$— $51 $208 
Rental property operating and maintenance expense (1)(2)676

862

579
$318 $577 $676 
Other expense142
 —
 —
Other expensesOther expenses$— $90 $142 
Interest expense (2)(4)613
 —
 —
$2,201 $1,982 $613 
__________
(1)Amounts presented are for purchases of chilled water for air conditioning at one of the Company’s properties.
(2)
On September 30, 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., whose subsidiary is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan due from Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Interest payable to the lender totals $112 thousand as of December 31, 2019. See Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 7 “Secured
(1)In September 2019, BAM acquired a significant interest in Oaktree Capital Group, LLC (“Oaktree”), an existing tenant at Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Lease income and parking revenue from Oaktree and its subsidiaries have been reported as related party transactions since the date of acquisition by BAM.
(2)Amounts presented are for purchases of chilled water for air conditioning at one of the Company’s properties supplied by an affiliate of BAM. In July 2021, such supplier was acquired by third parties.
(3)A subsidiary of Oaktree is the lender of the $35.0 million mezzanine loan secured by Wells Fargo Center–North Tower. Interest payable to the lender totaled $84 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and is reported as part of accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 6—“Secured Debt, Net.” Interest expense on this loan has been reported as a related party transaction since the date of acquisition by BAM.
(4)In February 2021, BAM purchased $18.2 million of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) secured by the Gas Company Tower loans in the open market. The CMBS are payable in monthly installments over a two -year period at a fixed interest rate of 2.50%. The transaction was conducted on an arm’s length basis at fair market value. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred interest expense of $391 thousand on this CMBS to BAM. In September 2021, this CMBS was sold to Brookfield Asset Management Reinsurance Partners Ltd., an affiliate of BAM.

The Manager or its affiliates may incur certain out-of-pocket expenses on behalf of the Company and pass through such expenses at cost to the Company.

110


Director Independence


Because the Series A preferred stock is the only publicly listed security of the Company, Brookfield DTLA is a special entity as defined by the NYSE rules on corporate governance (the “NYSE Rules”) and has chosen to rely on the NYSE Rules’ “special entity exemption” with respect to certain independence requirements. Of the Company’s seven directors, three are currently independent of management, DTLA Holdings and the Manager. The board of directors has adopted independence standards as part of the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, which are also available in print to any person who sends a written request to that effect to the attention of our Secretary, as provided for above under the heading “—Board Governance Documents.” in Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.


The independence standards contained in our Corporate Governance Guidelines incorporate the categories of relationships between a director and a listed company that would make a director ineligible to be independent according to the standards issued by the NYSE.


In accordance with NYSE Rules and our Corporate Governance Guidelines, on March 24, 2020,22, 2022, the board of directors affirmatively determined that each of the following directors is and was independent within the meaning of both the Company’s and the NYSE’s director independence standards, as then in effect:


Robert L. Stelzl
Andrew Dakos
Phillip Goldstein


Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services.


The following table summarizes the aggregate fees billed to Brookfield DTLA for professional services rendered by its independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”) (PCAOB ID No. 34):

Fees (1)For the Year Ended December 31,
20212020
Audit fees (2)$799,000 $771,000 
Audit-related fees— — 
Tax fees— — 
All other fees— — 
$799,000 $771,000 
__________
(1)All services rendered for these fees were pre-approved in accordance with the Audit Committee’s policy regarding the approval of audit and non-audit services provided by the external auditor.
(2)Audit fees consist of fees for professional services provided in connection with the audits of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, audits of the Company’s subsidiaries required for statute or otherwise, and the performance of interim reviews of the Company’s quarterly unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Fees (1) For the Year Ended December 31,
 2019 2018
     
Audit fees (2) $776,100
 $754,100
Audit-related fees —
 —
Tax fees —
 —
All other fees —
 —
  $776,100
 $754,100
111
__________
(1)All services rendered for these fees were pre-approved in accordance with the Audit Committee’s policy regarding the approval of audit and non-audit services provided by the external auditor.
(2)Audit fees consist of fees for professional services provided in connection with the audits of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, audits of the Company’s subsidiaries required for statute or otherwise, and the performance of interim reviews of the Company’s quarterly unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Pre-approval Policies and Procedures of the Audit Committee


Brookfield DTLA has adopted written policies, which require the Audit Committee or the Chair of the Audit Committee to pre‑approve all audit and non‑audit services to be performed for the Company by Deloitte in accordance with applicable law. Any decisions of the Chair of the Audit Committee to pre‑approve a permitted service (as defined in the policy) shall be reported to the Audit Committee at each of its regularly schedulescheduled meetings. The Audit Committee does not delegate to management its responsibilities to pre-approve services performed by Deloitte. The pre‑approval of audit and non-audit services may be given at any time up to a year before commencement of the specified service.





112


PART IV


Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1.Financial Statements
2.
Financial Statement Schedules for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the
required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or
3.Exhibits (listed by number corresponding to Item 601 of Regulation S-K)

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
3.1
Articles of Incorporation of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc.S-4333-1892733.1June 12, 2013
3.2
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc.8-K001-361353.2August 14, 2014
3.3
Articles of Incorporation of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Inc.S-4333-1892733.3June 12, 2013
3.4
Bylaws of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Inc.S-4333-1892733.4June 12, 2013
3.5
Articles of Amendment of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Inc.S-4/A333-1892733.5October 9, 2013
4.1
Articles Supplementary of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockS-4/A333-1892734.1August 27, 2013
113
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
3.1
 
Articles of Incorporation
of Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Investor Inc.
 S-4 333-189273 3.1 June 12, 2013
           
3.2
 
Second Amended and
Restated Bylaws of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Investor Inc.
 8-K 001-36135 3.2 August 14, 2014
           
3.3
 
Articles of Incorporation
of Brookfield DTLA
Fund Office Trust Inc.
 S-4 333-189273 3.3 June 12, 2013
           
3.4
 
Bylaws of Brookfield
DTLA Fund Office
Trust Inc.
 S-4 333-189273 3.4 June 12, 2013
           
3.5
 
Articles of Amendment of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Inc.
 S-4/A 333-189273 3.5 October 9, 2013
           
4.1
 
Articles Supplementary of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Investor Inc.
7.625% Series A
Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock
 S-4/A 333-189273 4.1 August 27, 2013
           


Table of Contents

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
4.2
Articles Supplementary of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc. 15% Series B Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred StockS-4/A333-1892734.2August 27, 2013
4.3
Articles Supplementary of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Inc. 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred StockS-4/A333-1892734.3August 27, 2013
4.4
Articles Supplementary of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Inc. 15% Series B Cumulative Non-Voting Preferred StockS-4/A333-1892734.4August 27, 2013
4.5
Form of Certificate of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc.10-K001-361354.1April 8, 2014
10.1
Indemnification Agreement of Brookfield DTLA Fund Office Trust Investor Inc.8-K001-3613510.1November 4, 2013
10.2
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC8-K001-3613510.1April 1, 2019
10.3
First Amendment to the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties II LLC10-K001-3613510.3March 25, 2021
10.4
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Brookfield DTLA Fund Properties III LLC8-K001-3613510.2April 1, 2019
10.5
Loan Agreement dated as of February 6, 2018 by and between BOP FIGat7th LLC, as Borrower, and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, as Lender8-K001-3613510.3April 1, 2019
114
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
4.2
 
Articles Supplementary of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Investor Inc.
15% Series B
Cumulative Nonvoting
Preferred Stock
 S-4/A 333-189273 4.2 August 27, 2013
           
4.3
 
Articles Supplementary of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Inc.
7.625% Series A
Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock
 S-4/A 333-189273 4.3 August 27, 2013
           
4.4
 
Articles Supplementary of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Inc.
15% Series B
Cumulative Nonvoting
Preferred Stock
 S-4/A 333-189273 4.4 August 27, 2013
           
4.5
 
Form of Certificate of
Series A Preferred Stock
of Brookfield DTLA Fund
Office Trust Investor Inc.
 10-K 001-36135 4.1 April 8, 2014
           
10.1
 
Form of Indemnification
Agreement of Brookfield
DTLA Fund Office
Trust Investor Inc.
 8-K 001-36135 10.1 November 4, 2013
           
10.2
 
Limited Liability
Company Agreement of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Properties II LLC
 8-K 001-36135 10.1 April 1, 2019
           
10.3
 
Limited Liability
Company Agreement of
Brookfield DTLA Fund
Properties III LLC
 8-K 001-36135 10.2 April 1, 2019
           
10.4
 
Loan Agreement dated
as of February 6, 2018
by and between
BOP FIGat7th LLC,
as Borrower, and
Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company,
as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.3 April 1, 2019
           




Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.6
Guaranty as of February 6, 2018 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC (“Guarantor”) in favor of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“Lender”)10-K001-3613510.5April 1, 2019
10.7
Mortgage Loan Agreement dated as of September 23, 2020 among EYP Realty, LLC, as Borrower, and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, collectively, as Lenders8-K001-3613510.1March 25, 2021
10.8
Limited Recourse Guaranty, made as of September 23, 2020 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, collectively, as Lender8-K001-3613510.2March 25, 2021
10.9
Mezzanine Loan
Agreement dated as of
September 23, 2020 among EYP Mezzanine, LLC, as Borrower,
and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, collectively, as Lenders		8-K001-3613510.3March 25, 2021

115
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.5
 
Guaranty as of
February 6, 2018 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC
(“Guarantor”) in favor of
Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company
(“Lender”)
 10-K 001-36135 10.5 April 1, 2019
           
10.6
 
Amended and Restated
Loan Agreement dated as
of March 29, 2018, by and
among EYP Realty, LLC,
as Borrower, Wells Fargo
Bank, National
Association, as
Administrative Agent,
Wells Fargo Securities,
LLC, as Sole Lead
Arranger and Sole
Bookrunner, Landesbank
Baden-Württemberg,
New York Branch, as
Documentation Agent and
the Financial Institutions
now or hereafter
signatories hereto and
their assignees pursuant to
Section 13.12, as Lenders
 8-K 001-36135 10.4 April 1, 2019
           
10.7
 
Mezzanine Loan
Agreement dated as of
March 29, 2018 by and
among EYP Mezzanine,
LLC, as Borrower, and
RVP Mezz Debt 1 LLC,
as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.5 April 1, 2019
           
10.8
 
Mezzanine Limited
Guaranty made as of
March 29, 2018 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC
(“Guarantor”) in favor of
RVP Mezz Debt 1 LLC
(“Lender”)
 10-K 001-36135 10.8 April 1, 2019
           



Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.10
Mezzanine Limited Recourse Guaranty, made as of September 23, 2020 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, collectively, as Lender8-K001-3613510.4March 25, 2021
10.11
Loan Agreement dated as of September 21, 2018 among North Tower, LLC, as Borrower, the Financial Institutions party hereto and their Assignees under Section 18.15, as Lenders, Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Natixis, New York Branch, as Joint Lead Arranger8-K001-3613510.6April 1, 2019
10.12
Completion Guaranty dated September 21, 2018 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC (the “Guarantor”) in favor of Citibank, N.A. (the “Administrative Agent”) and each of the Lenders10-K001-3613510.10April 1, 2019
10.13
Limited Recourse Guaranty dated September 21, 2018 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC (the “Guarantor”) in favor of Citibank, N.A. (the “Administrative Agent”) and each of the Lender10-K001-3613510.11April 1, 2019
116
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.9
 
Loan Agreement dated
as of September 21, 2018
among North Tower, LLC,
as Borrower, the Financial
Institutions party hereto
and their Assignees under
Section 18.15, as Lenders,
Citibank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent,
and Citigroup Global
Markets Inc. and Natixis,
New York Branch, as
Joint Lead Arranger
 8-K 001-36135 10.6 April 1, 2019
           
10.10
 
Completion Guaranty
dated September 21, 2018
by Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC (the
“Guarantor”) in favor of
Citibank, N.A. (the
“Administrative Agent”)
and each of the Lenders
 10-K 001-36135 10.10 April 1, 2019
           
10.11
 
Limited Recourse
Guaranty dated
September 21, 2018 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC (the
“Guarantor”) in favor of
Citibank, N.A. (the
“Administrative Agent”)
and each of the Lenders
 10-K 001-36135 10.11 April 1, 2019
           
10.12
 
Unfunded Obligations
Guaranty dated
September 21, 2018 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC (the
“Guarantor”) in favor of
Citibank, N.A. (the
“Administrative Agent”)
and each of the Lenders
 10-K 001-36135 10.12 April 1, 2019
           
10.13
 
Mezzanine A Loan
Agreement dated as of
September 21, 2018
between North Tower
Mezzanine, LLC, as
Borrower, and Mirae
Asset Daewoo Co., Ltd.,
as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.7 April 1, 2019
           


Table of Contents

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.14
Unfunded Obligations Guaranty dated September 21, 2018 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC (the “Guarantor”) in favor of Citibank, N.A. (the “Administrative Agent”) and each of the Lenders10-K001-3613510.12April 1, 2019
10.15
Mezzanine A Loan Agreement dated as of September 21, 2018 between North Tower Mezzanine, LLC, as Borrower, and Mirae Asset Daewoo Co., Ltd., as Lender8-K001-3613510.7April 1, 2019
10.16
Mezzanine B Loan Agreement dated as of September 21, 2018 between North Tower Mezzanine II, LLC, as Borrower, and Citi Global Markets Realty Corp., as Lender8-K001-3613510.8April 1, 2019
10.17
Loan Agreement dated as of July 11, 2016 between Maguire Properties – 555 W. Fifth, LLC and Maguire Properties – 350 S. Figueroa, LLC, collectively, as Borrower, and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and Barclays Bank PLC, collectively, as Lender10-K001-3613510.7March 20, 2017
117
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.14
 
Mezzanine B Loan
Agreement dated as of
September 21, 2018
between North Tower
Mezzanine II, LLC,
as Borrower, and
Citi Global Markets
Realty Corp., as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.8 April 1, 2019
           
10.15
 
Loan Agreement dated
as of July 11, 2016
between
Maguire Properties –
555 W. Fifth, LLC and
Maguire Properties –
350 S. Figueroa, LLC,
collectively, as Borrower,
and Deutsche Bank AG,
New York Branch and
Barclays Bank PLC,
collectively, as Lender
 10-K 001-36135 10.7 March 20, 2017
           
10.16
 
Mezzanine Loan
Agreement dated as of
July 11, 2016 between
Maguire Properties –
555 W. Fifth Mezz
I, LLC, as Borrower,
and Deutsche Bank AG,
New York Branch and
Barclays Bank PLC,
collectively, as Lender
 10-K 001-36135 10.8 March 20, 2017
           
10.17
 
Guaranty of Recourse
Obligations executed
as of July 11, 2016 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC, as
Guarantor, for the benefit
of Deutsche Bank AG,
New York Branch and of
Barclays Bank PLC,
collectively as Lender
 10-K 001-36135 10.9 March 20, 2017
           


Table of Contents


Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.18
Mezzanine Loan Agreement dated as of July 11, 2016 between Maguire Properties – 555 W. Fifth Mezz I, LLC, as Borrower, and Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and Barclays Bank PLC, collectively, as Lender10-K001-3613510.8March 20, 2017
10.19
Guaranty of Recourse Obligations executed as of July 11, 2016 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, for the benefit of Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and of Barclays Bank PLC, collectively as Lender10-K001-3613510.9March 20, 2017
10.20
Mezzanine Guaranty of Recourse Obligations executed as of July 11, 2016 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, for the benefit of Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch and of Barclays Bank PLC, collectively as Lender10-K001-3613510.10March 20, 2017
10.21
Mortgage Loan Agreement dated as of February 5, 2021 among Maguire Properties – 555 W. Fifth, LLC and Maguire Properties – 350 S. Figueroa, LLC, collectively, as Borrowers, and Citi Real Estate Funding Inc. and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., collectively, as Lenders8-K001-3613510.5March 25, 2021
10.22
Limited Recourse Guaranty, made as of February 5, 2021, by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Citi Real Estate Funding Inc. and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., collectively, as Lender8-K001-3613510.6March 25, 2021
118
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.18
 
Mezzanine Guaranty of
Recourse Obligations
executed as of
July 11, 2016 by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC, as
Guarantor, for the benefit
of Deutsche Bank AG,
New York Branch and of
Barclays Bank PLC,
collectively as Lender
 10-K 001-36135 10.10 March 20, 2017
           
10.19
 
Loan Agreement, dated as
of October 31, 2019,
by and among
Maguire Properties –
777 Tower LLC,
as Borrower, each of the
financial institutions
initially a signatory
hereto together with their
assignees, as Lenders,
Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association, as
Administrative Agent, and
Wells Fargo Securities
LLC, as Sole Lead
Arranger and Sole
Bookrunner
 8-K 001-36135 10.1 March 26, 2020
           
10.20
 
Limited Guaranty, made
as of October 31, 2019,
by Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC, as
Guarantor, in favor of
Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association, as
Administrative Agent on
behalf of the Lenders, and
each of the Lenders party
to the Loan Agreement
 8-K 001-36135 10.2 March 26, 2020
           
10.21
 
Mezzanine Loan
Agreement, dated as of
October 31, 2019, by and
among, 777 Tower
Mezzanine, LLC, as
Borrower, and Mesa
West Core Lending
Fund, LLC, as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.3 March 26, 2020
           



Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.23
Mezzanine A Loan Agreement dated as of February 5, 2021 among Maguire Properties – 555 W. Fifth Mezz I, LLC, as Borrower, and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, collectively, as Lenders8-K001-3613510.7March 25, 2021
10.24
Mezzanine A Limited Recourse Guaranty, made as of February 5, 2021, by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, collectively, as Lender8-K001-3613510.8March 25, 2021
10.25
Mezzanine B Loan Agreement dated as of February 5, 2021 among Maguire Properties – 555 W. Fifth Mezz II, LLC, as Borrower, and SBAF Mortgage Fund I/Lender, LLC, as Lender8-K001-3613510.9March 25, 2021
10.26
Mezzanine B Limited Recourse Guaranty, made as of February 5, 2021, by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of SBAF Mortgage Fund I/Lender, LLC, as Lender8-K001-3613510.10March 25, 2021
10.27
Loan Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2019, by and among Maguire Properties – 777 Tower LLC, as Borrower, each of the financial institutions initially a signatory hereto together with their assignees, as Lenders, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and Wells Fargo Securities LLC, as Sole Lead
Arranger and Sole Bookrunner		8-K001-3613510.1March 26, 2020
119
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.22
 
Mezzanine Limited
Guaranty, made as of
October 31, 2019, by
Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC, as
Guarantor, in favor of
Mesa West Core Lending
Fund, LLC, as Lender
 8-K 001-36135 10.4 March 26, 2020
           
10.23
 
Loan Agreement dated as
of November 5, 2018 by
and among Maguire
Properties–355 S. Grand,
LLC, as Borrower,
Landesbank Hessen-
Thürigen Girozentrale,
New York Branch, as
Administrative Agent,
Barclays Bank PLC, as
Syndication Agent,
Landesbank Hessen-
Thürigen Girozentrale,
Barclays Bank PLC and
Natixis, New York
Branch, as Joint Lead
Arrangers. Landesbank
Hessen-Thürigen
Girozentrale as Hedge
Coordinator, and the
Financial Institutions now
or hereafter signatories
hereto and their assignees,
as Lenders
 8-K 001-36135 10.9 April 1, 2019
           
10.24
 
Limited Guaranty made
as of November 5, 2018
by Brookfield DTLA
Holdings LLC
(“Guarantor”) in favor of
Landesbank Hessen-
Thüringen Girozentrale,
New York Branch, as
Administrative Agent on
behalf of the Lenders
(together with its
successors and assigns,
“Administrative Agent”)
and each of the Lenders
party to the Loan
Agreement
 8-K 001-36135 10.10 April 1, 2019
           



Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.28
Limited Guaranty, made as of October 31, 2019, by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders and each of the Lenders party to the Loan Agreement8-K001-3613510.2March 26, 2020
10.29
Mezzanine Loan Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2019, by and among, 777 Tower Mezzanine, LLC, as Borrower, and Mesa West Core Lending Fund, LLC, as Lender8-K001-3613510.3March 26, 2020
10.30
Mezzanine Limited Guaranty, made as of October 31, 2019, by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC, as Guarantor, in favor of Mesa West Core Lending Fund, LLC, as Lender8-K001-3613510.4March 26, 2020
10.31
Loan Agreement dated as of November 5, 2018 by and among Maguire Properties–355 S. Grand, LLC, as Borrower, Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale, as Administrative Agent, Barclays Bank PLC, as Syndication Agent, Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale, Barclays Bank PLC and Natixis, New York Branch, as Joint Lead Arrangers. Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale as Hedge Coordinator, and the Financial Institutions now or hereafter signatories hereto and their assignees, as Lenders8-K001-3613510.9April 1, 2019


120
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit No. Filing Date
           
10.25
 
Loan Agreement, dated as
of August 7, 2014, among
333 South Hope Co. LLC
and 333 South Hope Plant
LLC, collectively,
as Borrower,
Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association,
as Lender, and
Citigroup Global Markets
Realty Corp., as Lender
 10-K 001-36135 10.24 March 31, 2015
           
10.26
 
Deed of Trust, Assignment
of Leases and Rents,
Security Agreement and
Fixture Filing, dated as of
August 7, 2014, by
333 South Hope Co.
LLC and
333 South Hope Plant
LLC, collectively, as
grantor, to Fidelity
National Title Company,
as trustee, for the benefit
of Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association and
Citigroup Global Markets
Realty Corp., collectively,
as beneficiary
 10-K 001-36135 10.25 March 31, 2015
           
10.27
 
Guaranty of Recourse
Obligations dated as of
August 7, 2014
 10-K 001-36135 10.26 March 31, 2015
           
10.28
 
Reserve Guaranty
dated as of August 7, 2014
 10-K 001-36135 10.27 March 31, 2015
           
10.29
 
Side Letter regarding
Reserve Guaranty
dated as of August 7, 2014
 10-K 001-36135 10.28 March 31, 2015
           
21.1*
 List of Subsidiaries of the
Registrant as of
December 31, 2019		        
           
31.1*
 
Certification of Principal
Executive Officer dated
March 26, 2020 pursuant
to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002
        
           




Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.32
Limited Guaranty made as of November 5, 2018 by Brookfield DTLA Holdings LLC (“Guarantor”) in favor of Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders (together with its successors and assigns, “Administrative Agent”) and each of the Lenders party to the Loan Agreement8-K001-3613510.10April 1, 2019
10.33
Loan Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2014, among 333 South Hope Co. LLC and 333 South Hope Plant LLC, collectively, as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Lender, and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., as Lender10-K001-3613510.24March 31, 2015
10.34
Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing, dated as of August 7, 2014, by 333 South Hope Co. LLC and 333 South Hope Plant LLC, collectively, as grantor, to Fidelity National Title Company, as trustee, for the benefit of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., collectively, as beneficiary10-K001-3613510.25March 31, 2015
10.35
Guaranty of Recourse Obligations dated as of August 7, 201410-K001-3613510.26March 31, 2015
121

Table of Contents
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
10.36
Reserve Guaranty dated as of August 7, 201410-K001-3613510.27March 31, 2015
10.37
Side Letter regarding Reserve Guaranty dated as of August 7, 201410-K001-3613510.28March 31, 2015
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant as of December 31, 2021
31.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer dated March 24, 2022 pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer dated March 24, 2022 pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer dated March 24, 2022 pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)

(b)Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-KIncorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.Exhibit DescriptionSee Item 3 above.FormFile No.Exhibit No.Filing Date
31.2*
Certification of Principal
Financial Officer
dated March 26, 2020
pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002
32.1**
Certification of Principal
Executive Officer and
Principal Financial
Officer dated
March 26, 2020 pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 (1)
(c)Financial Statement Schedules
(b)
Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
See Item 3 above.
(c)
Financial Statement Schedules
See Item 2 above.
                 __________
*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith.
(1(1))This exhibit will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section.


Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary.


None.



122


SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date:March 24, 2022
BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE
    TRUST INVESTOR INC.
Date:March 26, 2020Registrant

BROOKFIELD DTLA FUND OFFICE
    TRUST INVESTOR INC.
By:
Registrant
By:/s/ G. MARK BROWN
G. Mark Brown
Chairman of the Board
(Principal executive officer)
By:/s/ BRYAN D. SMITH
Bryan D. Smith
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal financial officer)



123


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date:March 24, 2022By:
Date:March 26, 2020By:/s/ G. MARK BROWN
G. Mark Brown

Chairman of the Board

(Principal executive officer)
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ BRYAN D. SMITH
Bryan D. Smith

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal financial and accounting officer)
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ MICHELLE L. CAMPBELL
Michelle L. Campbell

Senior Vice President, Secretary and Director
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ ANDREW DAKOS
Andrew Dakos

Director
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ MURRAY GOLDFARB
Murray Goldfarb

Director
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ PHILLIP GOLDSTEIN
Phillip Goldstein

Director
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ IAN PARKER
Ian Parker
Chief Operating Officer and
Director
March 26, 202024, 2022By:/s/ ROBERT L. STELZL
Robert L. Stelzl

Director





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