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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 
FORM 10-K
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212022
or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     
Commission File Number 0-23081
 FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Florida 59-3157093
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
250 Technology Park,Lake Mary,Florida32746
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (407) 333-9911
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbols(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.001FARONasdaq Global Select Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒☐Accelerated filer☐☒
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☒ 
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes  ☐    No  ☒
The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant on June 30, 20212022 (the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was 1,405,017,473$559,423,854 based on the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock on such date on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and assuming solely for the purposes of this calculation that all directors and executive officers of the Registrant are “affiliates.”
As of February 14, 2022,13, 2023, there were outstanding 18,206,06418,780,364 shares of the Registrant’s common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement for the 20212023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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PART I 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS FOR FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
FARO Technologies, Inc. (“FARO,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” or “our”) has made “forward-looking statements” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”), within the meaning of Section 27A of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.1995. Statements that are not historical facts or that describe our plans, beliefs, goals, intentions, objectives, projections, expectations, assumptions, strategies, or future events, are forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as “may,” “might,” “would,” “will,” “will be,” “future,” “strategy,” “believe,” “plan,” “should,” “could,” “seek,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “goal,” “objective,” “project,” “forecast,” “target” and similar words, or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions,identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Consequently, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We do not intend to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in such forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
 
•an economic downturn or other adverse changes in the industries that we serve or the domestic and international economies in the regions of the world where we operate and other general economic, business, and financial conditions;
•the effecteffects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including on our business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions;
•the effects of shipping and other supply chain disruptions caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our ability to deliver our products to customers;
•our inability to realize the intended benefits of reorganizing our undertaking to transition to a company that is reorganized aroundbusiness functions to improve the efficiency of our sales organization and to improve operational effectiveness;
•our inability to realize the intended benefits of our undertaking to transition to a subscription basedsubscription-based business model to deliver new and existing software offerings on a cloud computing based platform;cloud-computing-based platform, including but not limited to impairment charges of capitalized expenditures related to the development of Sphere, our cloud-computing-based platform, and our inability to realize the expected benefits;
•our inability to successfully execute our new strategic plan and restructuring plan,Restructuring Plan (defined below), including but not limited to additional impairment charges including existing leasehold improvements and/or higher than expected severance costs and exit costs, and our inability to realize the expected benefits of such plans;
•our inability to realize the anticipated benefits of our partnership with Sanmina and to successfully transition our manufacturing operations to Sanmina’s production facility;(defined below);
•our inability to reasonably source essential equipment and materials to manufacture our products as a result of global supply shortages orshortages;
•the effect of inflationary pressures;pressures and its impact on our business operations;
•our inability to successfully realize changes to the pricing of our products and services;
•our inability to achieve and maintain profitability to fully realize the economic benefit of recorded deferred tax assets;
•our inability to further penetrate our customer base and target markets;
•development by others of new or improved products, processes or technologies that make our products less competitive or obsolete;
•our inability to maintain what we believe to be our technological advantage by developing new products and enhancing our existing products;
•risks associated with expanding international operations, such as difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, increased political and economic instability, compliance with potentially evolving import and export
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regulations, and the burdens and potential exposure of complying with a wide variety of U.S. and foreign laws and labor practices;
•changes in trade regulation, which result in rising prices of imported steel, steel byproducts, aluminum and aluminum byproducts and various other raw materials that we use in the production of measurement devices, and our ability to pass those costs on to our customers or require our suppliers to absorb such costs;
•changes in foreign regulation which may result in rising prices of our measurement devices sold as exports to our international customers, our customers’ willingness to absorb incremental import tariffs, and the corresponding impact on our profitability;
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•our inability to successfully identify and acquire target companies and achieve expected benefits from, and effectively integrate, acquisitions that are consummated;consummated, including the operations from Holobuilder, Inc., UK-based NGH Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, “GeoSLAM”) and US-based SiteScape Inc., and the intellectual property acquired;
•our inability to realize the intended benefits of the technology, products, operations, contracts, and personnel of our acquisitions;
•the cyclical nature of the industries of our customers and material adverse changes in our customers’ access to liquidity and capital;
•changes in the potential for the computer-aided measurement market and the potential adoption rate for our products, which are difficult to quantify and predict;
•our inability to protect our patents and other proprietary rights in the United States and foreign countries;
•our inability to defend against a cyberattack, security or other data breach of our systems may compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our internal data and the availability of our products and websites designed to support our customers or their data;
•our inability to adequately establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;
•fluctuations in our annual and quarterly operating results and the inability to achieve our financial operating targets as a result of a number of factors including, without limitation (i) litigation and regulatory action brought against us, (ii) quality issues with our products, (iii) excess or obsolete inventory, shrinkage or other inventory losses due to product obsolescence, change in demand for our products, scrap or material price changes, (iv) raw material price fluctuations and other inflationary pressures, (v) expansion of our manufacturing capability, (vi) the size and timing of customer orders, (vii) the amount of time that it takes to fulfill orders and ship our products, (viii) the length of our sales cycle to new customers and the time and expense incurred in further penetrating our existing customer base, (ix) manufacturing inefficiencies associated with new product introductions, (x) costs associated with new product introductions, such as product development, marketing, assembly line start-up costs and low introductory period production volumes, (xi) the timing and market acceptance of new products and product enhancements, (xii) customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products and product enhancements, (xiii) the inability of our sales and marketing programs to achieve their sales targets, (xiv) start-up costs associated with opening new sales offices outside of the United States, (xv) fluctuations in revenue without proportionate adjustments in fixed costs, (xvi) inefficiencies in the management of our inventories and fixed assets, (xvii) compliance with government regulations including health, safety, and environmental matters, and (xviii) costs associated with the training and ramp-up time for new sales people;
•changes in gross margins due to a changing mix of products sold and the different gross margins on different products and sales channels;
•changes in applicable laws, rules or regulations, or their interpretation or enforcement, or the enactment of new laws, rules or regulations that apply to our business operations or require us to incur significant expenses for compliance;
•our inability to successfully comply with the requirements of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in the European Union;
•the inability of our products to displace traditional measurement devices and attain broad market acceptance;
•the impact of competitive products and pricing on our current offerings;
•the loss of any of our executive officers or other key personnel;personnel, which may be impacted by factors such as our inability to competitively address inflationary pressures on employee compensation and flexibility in employee work arrangements;
•difficulties in recruiting research and development engineers, and application engineers;engineers, or other key personnel;
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•the failure to effectively manage the effects of any future growth;
•the impact of reductions or projected reductions in government spending, or uncertainty regarding future levels of government expenditures, particularly in the defense sector;
•variations in our effective income tax rate, which makes it difficult to predict our effective income tax rate on a quarterly and annual basis, and the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 on the global intangible low-taxed income of foreign subsidiaries;
•the loss of key suppliers and the inability to find sufficient alternative suppliers in a reasonable period of time or on commercially reasonable terms;
•the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates;rates on non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses;
•the effect of estimates and assumptions with respect to critical accounting policies and the impact of the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements;
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•the effect of changes in political conditions in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate, including the effect of changes in U.S. trade policies or the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates;
•the magnitude of increased warranty costs from new product introductions and enhancements to existing products;
•the sufficiency of our plants and third partythird-party resources to meet manufacturing requirements;
•the continuation of our share repurchase program;
•the sufficiency of our working capital and cash flowflows from operations to fund our short- and long-term liquidity requirements;
•the impact of geographic changes in the manufacturing or sales of our products on our effective income tax rate; and
•our ability to comply with the requirements for favorable tax rates in foreign jurisdictions.
A detailed discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included throughout this filing and particularly in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Report. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. Moreover, new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or review the risks and uncertainties included in this Annual Report, on Form 10-K, unless otherwise required by law.
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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
Below is a summary of material factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional discussion of the risks and uncertainties summarized in this risk factor summary, as well as other risks and uncertainties that we face, can be found under the section titled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The below summary is qualified in its entirety by that more complete discussion of such risks and uncertainties. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” as part of your evaluation of an investment in our securities:
•Competitors may develop products that make our products obsolete or less competitive.
•Our growth depends on the ability of our products to attain broad market acceptance.
•We may not be able to identify or consummate acquisitions or achieve expected benefits from or effectively integrate acquisitions, which could harm our growth.
•The buying process for most of our customers for our measurement products is highly decentralized and typically requires significant time and expense for us to further penetrate the potential market of a specific customer, which may delay our ability to generate additional revenue.
•Our operations are significantly vulnerable to the effects of pandemics, such as the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which have, and could continue to materially impact our business.
•Our failure to attract and retain qualified personnel could lead to a loss of sales or decreased profitability.
•We derive a substantial part of our revenues from our international operations, which are subject to greater volatility and often require more management time and expense to achieve profitability than our domestic operations.
•We may experience volatility in our stock price.
•We are subject to risks of natural disasters and other catastrophic events.
•Developments relating to the United Kingdom's (“UK”) exit from European Union membership could adversely impact our business.
•We may face difficulties managing the effects of any future growth.
•If our efforts to develop our current services towards a subscription based business model do not succeed, we may reduce our revenue growth rate and profitability, fail to keep pace with technological developments and harm our business.
•Reductions in defense spending could adversely affect our business.
•Anti-takeover provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws and provisions of Florida law could delay or prevent a change of control that you may favor.
•Our bylaws designate specific courts in Florida as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by the Company’s shareholders, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
•Our financial performance is dependent on the conditions of various industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and heavy-equipment industries, which have from time to time experienced, and may again experience, significant disruptions in the economic environment.
•Because a significant portion of our revenues, expenses, and assets are denominated in foreign currencies, we face significant exposure to foreign exchange rate risk.
•We may be unable to recognize the anticipated benefits of our Restructuring Plan, our new strategic plan, and any future restructuring and strategic plans.
•Changes in tariffs and other export regulations could increase the cost of our products sold to our international customers, which could negatively impact our sales and profitability.
•We may not be able to achieve financial results within our target goals, and our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.
•Future impairments of our goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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•We may require additional capital to support our liabilities, operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.
•Inflation in the global economy could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
•If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our financial statements could contain a material misstatement, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
•Our financial results may be adversely affected by exposure to additional tax liabilities.
•A valuation allowance may be required for our deferred tax assets, which may reduce our earnings and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to satisfy our existing debt obligations, including the Notes.
•We may not have sufficient cash to settle conversions of the Notes in cash, to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, or to repay the principal amount of the Notes in cash at their maturity, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Notes.
•The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
•The accounting method for the Notes could adversely affect our reported financial condition and results.
•Product failures or product availability and performance issues could result in increased warranty costs and delays in new product introductions and enhancements, and could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
•Increases in the cost and constraints in the availability of raw materials or components used in our products could negatively impact our business and profitability.
•We compete with manufacturers of measurement systems and traditional measurement devices, many of which have more resources than us and may develop new products and technologies.
•We are subject to the impact of governmental and other similar certification processes and regulations, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
•If we or our vendors fail to protect data and prevent data security incidents, there may be damage to our brand and reputation, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
•Our sales to the U.S. government are subject to compliance with regulatory and contractual requirements, and noncompliance could expose us to liability or impede current or future business.
•Any failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money-laundering laws could subject us to fines and penalties.
•Our failure to comply with trade compliance and economic sanctions laws and regulations of the United States and applicable international jurisdictions could materially adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.
•Any failure to protect our patents and proprietary rights in the United States and foreign countries could adversely affect our revenues.
•Claims from others that we infringed on their intellectual property rights may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
•Our dependence on suppliers for materials could impair our ability to manufacture our products.
•Risks generally associated with our information systems could adversely affect our business reputation and results of operations.
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ITEM 1.    BUSINESS
FARO was founded in 1982 and re-incorporated in Florida in 1992. Our worldwide headquarters are located at 250 Technology Park, Lake Mary, Florida 32746 and our telephone number is (407) 333-9911.
We are a global technology company that designs, develops, manufactures, markets and supports software driven, three-dimensional (“3D”) measurement, imaging, and realization solutions for the 3D metrology, architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”), Operations and Maintenance (“O&M”) and public safety analytics markets. We enable our customers to capture, measure, manipulate, interact with and share 3D and 2D data from the physical world in a virtual environment and then translate this information back into the physical domain. Our broad technology set equips our customers with a wide range of 3D capture technologies that range from ultra-high accuracy laser scanner basedlaser-scanner-based technology to lower accuracy, photogrammetry basedphotogrammetry-based technology. Our FARO suite of 3D products and software solutions are used for inspection of components and assemblies, rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, documenting large volume or structures in 3D, surveying and construction, construction management, assembly layout, machine guidance as well as in investigation and reconstructions of crash and crime scenes. We sell the majority of our solutions through a direct sales force, with an increasing volume being sold through an indirect channel across a range of industries including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, surveying, architecture, engineering and construction, public safety forensics and other industries.
COVID-19
Our business is significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During 2020, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19. While COVID-19 has negatively impacted demand for our products and services overall, it has provided us with the opportunity to adapt to operating in a virtual environment. We significantly increased the utilization of our existing virtual sales demonstration infrastructure which has enabled ongoing customer product education. We launched an updated web-based learning system with FARO Academy that has resulted in an increase in the attendance of our virtual training and product information seminars as our customers take advantage of the opportunity to remotely participate and to better understand the capabilities of our products and software offerings.
During 2021, while we saw a recovery in our revenue across our served industries, we continued to assess the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our business results and we remained committed to taking actions to mitigate both the impact on the health and safety of our employees, as well as negative business effects resulting from demand disruption, material availability and potential production challenges, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, implementing remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhancing the sanitation of all of our facilities;
•Isolating our production environment from non-essential personnel, to minimize the risk of COVID-19 exposures;
•Recommending that our employees receive vaccinations to help protect our colleagues, families, and communities;
•Confidentially collecting proof of vaccination from our employees or requiring weekly COVID-19 testing to use certain facilities;
•Aggressively pursuing required raw materials to ensure continuity of supply and minimize material cost increases;
•Monitoring our liquidity, disciplined inventory management, and limiting capital expenditures; and
•Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to enhance financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We continue to maintain a strong capital structure with a cash balance of $122.0 million and no debt as of December 31, 2021. We believe that our liquidity position is adequate to meet our projected needs in the reasonably foreseeable future.
Future developments, such as the potential resurgence of COVID-19 and actions taken by governments in response to current and future resurgence, are highly uncertain. Therefore, the Company is not able to predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact the Company’s results of operations and financial conditions.
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Strategy
As part of our new strategic plan, and based on the recommendation of our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in the fourth quarter of 2019, we eliminated our vertical structure in favor of a functional structure. Our new executive leadership team is comprised of functional leaders in areas such as sales, marketing, operations, research and development and general and administrative, and resources are allocated to each function at a consolidated unit level. We no longer have separate business units, segment managers or vertical leadersOur Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who report to the CODMis also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), allocates resources and evaluates performance with respect to operations, operating results or planning for levels or components belowat the total Company level. Instead, our CODM now allocates resources and evaluates performance on a company-wide basis. Based on these changes, commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019, weWe report as one reporting segment that develops, manufactures, markets, supports and sells a suite of 3D imaging and software solutions.
In additionOn February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”) to improve operating performance and to help ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to our shareholders and customers.Key activities under the reorganizationRestructuring Plan have targeted and achieved approximately $40 million in annualized savings and included a targeted decrease in total headcount of approximately 500 employees and achieved a decrease of 390 employees upon the substantial completion of the Company’s structure,Restructuring Plan. We believe we have successfully redefined our go-to-market strategy to place an increased focus on our customers and to help enable our sales employees, supported by our talented pool of field application engineers, to sell all product lines globally.
In the second quarter of 2020, we evaluated our hardware and software product portfolio and the operations of certain of our recent acquisitions. As a result of this evaluation, we simplified our hardware and software product portfolio and divested our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets obtained from our acquisition of Opto-Tech SRL and its subsidiary, Open Technologies SRL (collectively, “Open Technologies”) in the second quarter of 2020.
On February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which supports our strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to our shareholders and customers.Key activities under the Restructuring Plan have achieved $39.6 million in annualized Non-GAAP savings that were realized by the end of fiscal year 2021 and included decreasing total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon the completion of the Restructuring Plan. The elimination of our vertical structure allowed us to successfully complete our redefined go-to-market strategy which placed increased focus on our customers and enabled our sales employees, supported by our talented pool of field application engineers, to sell all product lines globally..
Our new marketing leadership team has focusedcontinues to focus its efforts on gaining an increased understanding of customer applications and workflows which enables value-based product positioning while optimizing our customer's total cost of ownership. By strengthening our understanding of customer applications and workflows, we will continue to develop high-value solutions across our product and software platforms. Also, ourOur marketing leadership team has transformed our lead generation process and implemented technology to provide our sales organization with higher quality leads which optimizes the time and effort spent by our newly organized sales team.
We continue to focus on organizational optimization and improved decision making throughout the Company. Prior to the execution ofIn connection with the Restructuring Plan, the Company had strong geographic organizations with decentralized decision making. Additionally, the previous vertical structure layered on top of the geographic organization led to an overly complex and costly management structure. The newly formed global functional organization has enabled centralized management and clear process ownership, eliminating redundant resources and increasing the Company's agility and ability to execute the new strategic plan during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Wewe recorded a total pre-tax charge of approximately $15.8 million and paid $13.1$4.6 million during the year ended December 31, 20202022, which include expenses to be paid in cash of $3.0 million primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges.charges and a non-cash expense of $1.6 million consisting of the impairments of assets. We have continuedpaid $6.4 million for expenses related to make significant progress in executing the Restructuring Plan during 2021.for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges. We recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $7.4 million and paid $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs. We recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $15.8 million and paid $13.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges.
On July 15, 2021, we entered into a manufacturing services agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sanmina Corporation (“Sanmina”), in connection with the Restructuring Plan. Under the Agreement, Sanmina will provide manufacturing services for the Company’s measurement device products currently manufactured by the Company at the Company’s Lake Mary, Florida, Exton, Pennsylvania, and Stuttgart, Germany manufacturing sites. A phased transition to a Sanmina production facility is expected to bewas completed byat the end of the secondthird quarter of 2022 as part of our cost reduction initiative. The Company expects to pay approximately $4 million in fiscal year 2022, primarily consisting
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We continue to evaluateSubstantially all of our key initiatives and execution ofplanned activities under the Restructuring Plan are complete and as part of our final steps, we expect to potentially incur additionalremaining pre-tax charges in the range of $6$0.5 million to $10$1.0 million through the endfirst half of fiscal year 2022.2023.
AcquisitionAcquisitions
On June 4, 2021, FARO Technologies, Inc.we acquired Holobuilder, Inc. ("Holobuilder"), an Americana company focused on a photogrammetry-based 3D360° photo software platform which delivers hardware agnostic image capture, registration and viewing to the Construction and Digital Twin market. With an initial focus on Construction Management,construction management, Holobuilder’s technology platform provides general contractors a solution to efficiently capture and virtually manage construction progress using off-the-shelf 360° cameras.
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TableOn September 1, 2022, we acquired UK-based NGH Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, “GeoSLAM”), a leading provider of Contentsmobile scanning solutions with proprietary high-productivity simultaneous localization and mapping (“SLAM”) software. GeoSLAM's software enables mobile 3D documentation of indoor or enclosed environments without the need for global positioning system (“GPS”). GeoSLAM’s products and solutions are primarily used today in the geospatial and mining markets. However, there is a growing demand for high productivity mobile scanning in the construction, operations and maintenance markets as well.
On December 1, 2022, we acquired SiteScape Inc. (“SiteScape”), an innovator in light detecting and ranging (“LiDAR”) 3D scanning software solutions for the architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”) and operations and maintenance (“O&M”) markets. SiteScape enables LiDAR equipped mobile devices to easily capture indoor spaces digitally, providing a readily available entry-point to scanning physical spaces for a broad range of applications. The SiteScape software is available for all LiDAR equipped iPhone operating system (“iOS”) devices, which enables quick and easily accessible data capture to be available to the consumer-based market.
Industry Background
We have a wide variety of customers that support a large number of industries, including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, surveying, architecture, engineering and construction, as well as, public safety forensics. The pressures in reducing overall manufacturing costs, improving profitability in architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”)the AEC market and the need for complete information in public safety are all driving the need for automated solutions to quickly and accurately capture accurate 3D data, and for this information to be made accessible remotely. In each of the industries we serve, there is a growing need for accurate 3D information for high accuracy inspection, machine alignment and calibration, as-built modeling and design, quality control, digital twin and crash and crime scene investigations as well as pre-incident planning. Each of these industries are undergoing a form of transformation where the use of FARO’s digital technology would help improve customers’ yields, reduce costs and drive additional profitability.
In the manufacturing industry, the continued focus on higher yields, cost reductions and decreased time to market all drive the need for accurate information to support overall manufacturing processes, which include part quality, machine down time and overall manufacturing yield. The dimensional metrology market will be challenged to continue to provide higher accuracy results and meet the continuing demand of tightening tolerances in both the automotive and aerospace industries. The higher accuracy requirements will also result in trends away from traditional hand measurement tools towards automated and integrated equipment. With increasing pressure on costs, the need for tighter quality control and increased automation will likely drive the adoption of applications and processes that support real-time 3D information to make quick, accurate decisions resulting in optimized manufacturing processes. Industry 4.0 will also continue to drive the need to have 3D information available on-demand across the entire manufacturing ecosystem.
The emergence of building information modeling (“BIM”) in the AEC market has required improvements in 3D documentation, coordination and simulation across the entire building lifecycle. BIM, in part, is the compilation of a 3D model representation of a project that can be updated real time and compare actual to design. BIM is believed to become more prevalent as it aides in reducing costthe costs associated with scrap and overruns. The ability to obtain accurate, real-time 3D measurements and information will help to replace existing methodologies such as tape measures and chalk lines. In addition, an increase in modular and pre-fab construction is being driven by growing urbanization, government initiatives and a need for affordable housing. Modular and pre-fab construction allow for building all, or large portions of a building and then assembling them on-site. The processes of creating such structures resembles more traditional manufacturing flows where real-time 3D measurements and information can vastly improve the costs associated with re-work of materials and poor quality.
The increased focus in public safety around cost, technology adoption and public scrutiny will increase the acceptance of 3D solutions to accurately capture and analyze crime and crash scenes. Body cams, drones, and advanced analytical software are all examples of increased adoption of technology in the public safety sector. Laser scanning technology is used today to capture crime scenes quickly and accurately before leaving the scene. The 3D point cloud that is generated from this data allows for further detailed analysis around bullet trajectory, blood spatter and cast off with full confidence and without the need to
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revisit the crime scene. This information can be easily shared between police investigators, district attorneys and defense attorneys across multiple jurisdictions. In addition, crash scenes can also be reconstructed by using the 3D information collected while on-site. This information can also be easily shared among different departments, insurance companies and investigators. 3D data capture and analysis allows pre-incident planning activities to prepare in the event of an emergency such as fires or for tactical planning of safety-relevant events like political summits or schools. The time savings and confidence in data collection and analysis will continue to result in 3D technology becoming an integral set of tools in public safety analytics.
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In 2021, we have also acquired HoloBuilder Inc. "Holobuilder" which addressesaddressed a need for less accurate yet higher resolution 3D data. This acquisition bringsbrought to FARO its leading photogrammetry-based 3D360° photo software platform, which delivers hardware agnostic image capture, registration and viewing to the fast-growing Digital Twin market. With an initial focus on construction management, HoloBuilder’s technology platform provides general contractors a solution to efficiently capture and virtually manage construction progress using off-the-shelf 360° cameras. Further, we believe HoloBuilder’s SaaS platform will add fast and easy reality-capture photo documentation and added remote access capability to FARO’s highly-accuratehighly accurate 3D point cloud-based laser scanning to create the industry’s first end-to-end Digital Twin solution. The combined solution will provide comprehensive scanning and image management capabilities for the Digital Twin market including robotic assembly 3D simulation, construction management, facilities operations and management, and incident pre-planning.
In 2022, we acquired UK-based GeoSLAM and US-based SiteScape. The acquisition of GeoSLAM enables the Company to provide mobile scanning solutions using SLAM software to create 3D models for use in Digital Twin applications. We believe GeoSLAM’s capture technologies will integrate into our 4D digital reality-based SaaS offering and will allow customers to access multiple 4D data sources for visualization and analysis through a single user experience. The acquisition of SiteScape will integrate an iOS-enabled low-resolution LiDAR capture capability into the FARO Sphere Platform. This acquisition is a further step in streamlining multiple capture methods into a centralized environment to be accessed in a single environment on a single coordinate system. We believe this unique capability will enable FARO’s construction and facilities customers to access the widest portfolio of reality capture methods in the market, ranging from low-resolution Lidar, 360° photo, video, mobile mapping to terrestrial laser scanning.
FARO Products
FaroArm® Portfolio. The FaroArm® portfolio consists of a combination of a portable, articulated measurement arm available in various sizes, a computer, and CAM2® software programs, which are described below under “FARO Software”, and optional laser line probes (“LLP”) for scanning larger objects. They are primarily sold to customers in the automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication industries.
 
•Quantum Max and Gage Max FaroArm® – The Quantum Max series of articulated arms comes in various sizes ranging from 2.0 meters up to 4.0 meters in probing diameter to allow for measuring a large array of part sizes. The 2.0 meter Quantum Max FaroArm® and 1.5 meter Gage Max FaroArm®, offer the highest accuracy for measuring small parts, molds and assemblies replacing the need for small handheld tools such as micrometers, calipers and height gauges. The Quantum Max and Gage Max FaroArms® are ergonomically designed 6-axis articulated ARMs that have the ability to measure across a wide range of sizes and accuracies in various applications and industries. FaroArm® 8-axis allows additional degrees of freedom to capture the most complex parts.

•Quantum Max ScanArm - The FAROBluTM line of laser line probes ("LLP"(“LLP”) offer the ability to upgrade a Quantum Max FaroArm® into a Quantum Max ScanArm providing high accuracy, 3D point-cloud data in full color. As with the Quantum Max FaroArm®, the Quantum Max ScanArm is available from 2.0 meters to 4.0 meters measuring diameter to allow for a wide range of applications at a wide range of part sizes. The LLP provides the user the ability to achieve high-speed point cloud capture with different density through basic, standard and high-definition models. The Quantum Max ScanArm offers the same portability and ease of use as the Quantum Max FaroArm® series.
FARO Laser Tracker. The FARO Vantage® Laser Tracker combines a portable, large-volume laser measurement tool, a computer, and CAM2® software programs, representing a product offering primarily sold to customers in the aerospace, automotive, metal and machine fabrication industries.
 
•Laser Tracker Vantage® – The FARO Laser Tracker Vantage® utilizes a laser beam for ultra-precise measurement of objects of up to 80 meters. It enables manufacturing, engineering, and quality control professionals to build, measure and inspect large parts, machine tools and other large objects, on-site and in-process.
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•6DoF FARO Vantage® Laser Tracker – Together with the hand-held 6Probe, a fully-integrated hand-held probe, the 6DoF FARO Vantage® Laser Tracker expands the capabilities of large volume measurement by allowing users to access hidden, hard-to-reach locations by probing and scanning.

FARO Laser Projector. The FARO TracerM and TracerSI accurately project a laser outline onto a 3D surface or object, providing a virtual template that operators and assemblers can use to quickly and accurately position components. The laser template is created using a 3D Computer-Aided Design (“CAD”) model that enables the system to visually project a laser outline of parts, reference points, or areas of interest. The result is a virtual and collaborative 3D template to eliminate scrap and streamline a wide range of assembly and production applications. This product is primarily sold to customers in the aerospace, metal working and AEC industries.
FARO Laser Scanning Portfolio. The laser scanning portfolio utilizes laser technology to measure and collect a cloud of data points, allowing for the detailed and precise 3D rendering of an object or area. This technology is primarily used for factory planning, facility life-cycle management, quality control, forensic analysis and capturing large volumes of 3D data.
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•Focus Premium -The FARO Focus Premium laser scanner utilizes laser technology to measure and collect a cloud of data points, allowing for the detailed and precise 3D rendering of an object or an area as large as an industrial facility. The Focus Premium is available in several models which allow the customer to choose the best capability for their applications. Faro Focus M70Core is ultra-portable laser scanner and captures high accuracy point cloud data for short range measurements. Faro Focus S150Premium 150 and S350350 are designed to capture high accurate and dense point cloud data at mid to long range distances, respectively. The large distant range of measurement capability ensures there is a model to capture 3D information of almost any device, structure or facility. This product is primarily sold to customers in the AEC and public safety industries.
•Freestyle 2 - The FARO Freestyle 2 is a high-quality, portable 3D scanner designed for photorealistic 3D reality capture. It is a lightweight, handheld device with a high degree of flexibility, allowing operators to scan anywhere in most conditions. This product is primarily sold to customers in the AEC and public safety industries.
•GeoSLAM ZEB Handheld 3D Laser Scanners. ScanPlan -GeoSLAM's ZEB handheld 3D laser scanners use LiDAR technology and SLAM technology to provide fast, highly portable accurate 3D scanning. The FARO ScanPlanportability allows for these solutions to be used in difficult environments and attached to other mobile devices such as drones.GeoSLAM offers several models which provide different levels of point cloud density, range and accuracy.The Zeb Go is light-weight and offers a handheld mapper that captures two-dimensional (“2D”) floor plans. 30 meter range within a 1-3 cm accuracy.The FARO ScanPlan performs real-time capturing and diagramming of as-built floor plans of buildings for threat assessment, pre-incident planning, fire protection engineering and facility management. This product is primarily soldZeb Horizon offers a 100 meter range with an accuracy down to customers in the AEC and public safety industries.6mm.
FARO Software. We provide a complete portfolio of software solutions that integrate with FARO hardware products to merge data and provide collaborative workflows and applications.
 
•CAM2® allows users in the 3D metrology market to efficiently fulfill quality assurance and inspection tasks. CAM2® is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•BuildIT Construction is a construction quality control software solution that leverages reality data to uncover design deviations compared to construction industry standards. BuildIT Construction is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•BuildIT Metrology is a 3D metrology software platform for alignment, inspection and build applications. BuildIT Metrology is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•BuildIT Projector allows manufacturers to plan and operate imaging laser projection and verification workflows to improve the quality and speed of assembly processes. BuildIT Projector is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•FARO SCENE software combines ease-of-use, networking, and an enhanced 3D experience to deliver a complete scan processing solution. With SCENE, customers can display, analyze, administer and edit 3D point clouds. FARO SCENE is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•FARO Zone allows public safety professionals to diagram, analyze and share any scene, available in both 2D and 3D. The software combines data to accelerate forensic crime investigations, crashes and pre-incident planning. FARO Zone is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone licensed product.
•FARO As-BuiltTM enables AEC professionals to integrate reality data into any CAD and virtual design environment for buildings. FARO As-BuiltTM is currently offered under either a subscription based plan or as a standalone license.license product.
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•Webshare is a native cloud platform that allows users to collaborate, view, share and explore 3D reality data securely and directly from any common web browser. Webshare is offered as a subscription based plan.
•HolobuilderTM is a cloud based virtual reality capturing software that allows construction contractors to create, document, analyze, compare and share virtual 3D views of construction projects utilizing commercially available 360 degree360° cameras. Holobuilder is offered as a subscription based plan.
•GeoSLAM Connect automatically processes mobile mapping data that allows customers to perform additional workflows. It has the capability to provide point cloud measurements, classify the data and perform manual and automatic alignment of multiple data sets. GeoSLAM Connect is currently offered as a standalone license product.
•SiteScape is a cloud based virtual reality capturing software that uses the Apple LiDAR sensor as a core part of its 3D scanning engine. This softwareallows users to capture up to 10 scans back-to-back and seamlessly merge them into a single, accurate model. Scans and models can be cloud hosted with the SiteScape web application.
Hardware Warranty, Software Maintenance and Repair & Other Services. We generally warrant our products against defects in design, materials and workmanship for one year. To support our product lines, we also separately sell hardware service contracts that typically range from one year to three years, software maintenance contracts which enable our customers to receive the latest software updates and typically range from one year to three years, and comprehensive support, training and technology consulting services to our customers.
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Customers
Our sales are diversified across a broad number of over 15,000 customers worldwide in a range of metrology, reverse engineering, factory automation, building information modeling, public safety and other applications. Our metrology, reverse engineering and factory automation applications are purchased primarily by customers in the automotive and aerospace markets and a diverse array of manufacturing customers from small machine shops to large industrial manufacturers. Applications are used by these customers for alignment, part inspection, dimensional analysis, first article inspection, incoming and in-process inspection, machine calibration, non-contact inspection, robot calibration, tool building and setup, and assembly guidance. Our building information modeling applications are purchased primarily by customers in the AEC markets. Applications are used by these customers for as-built documentation, construction monitoring, surveying, asset and facility management, and heritage preservation. Our public safety applications are purchased primarily by law enforcement agencies, private investigators, and forensic experts and are used for capturing environmental or situational scenes, crash and fire scene investigations and environmental safety evaluations. Our ten largest customers by revenue represented an aggregate of approximately 3.7%2.9% of our total sales in 2021.2022. No customer represented more than 1.0% of our sales in 2021.2022.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our products worldwide through direct sales and service offices, as well as third-party distributors and resellers. We have direct sales personnel in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium and the United States. Our sales and marketing efforts use a process of integrated lead qualification and sales demonstration. Once a customer opportunity is identified, we employ a team-based sales approach involving inside and outside sales personnel. Each team has the ability to sell multiple product lines. We employ a variety of marketing techniques to promote brand awareness and customer identification. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we employed 594646 sales and marketing specialistsstaff globally.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success depends, in part, on our ability to maintain what we believe to be our technological leadership, which will require ongoing enhancements of both our hardware and software products and the development of new applications and products that provide 3D measurement and imaging solutions. The field of 3D measurement and imaging continues to expand, and new technologies and applications will be essential to competingcompete in this market. Accordingly, we intend to continue to make substantial investments in the development of new technologies, the commercialization of new products that build on our existing technological base, and the enhancement and development of additional applications for our products.
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Our research and development efforts are directed primarily at enhancing the functional adaptability of our current products and developing new and innovative products that respond to specific requirements of the emerging market for 3D measurement and imaging solutions. Research and development activities, especially with respect to new products and technologies, are subject to significant risks, and there can be no assurance that any of our research and development activities will be completed successfully or on schedule, or, if completed, will be commercially accepted.
At December 31, 2021,2022, we employed 322 scientists and technicians358 staff in our research and development efforts. Research and development expenses were approximately $49.4 million in 2022, compared to $48.8 million in 2021 compared toand $42.9 million in 2020 and $44.2 million in 2019.2020.
Intellectual Property
We own approximately 725690 patents and pending patent applications worldwide, which generally expire on a rolling basis between 20232024 and 2043.2044. We also own approximately 122187 trademark registrations worldwide, with 158 pending trademark applications.
Our success and ability to maintain a competitive position depends, in large part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of contractual provisions and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary information. However, there can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our trade secrets and proprietary information will be sufficient to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary information or preclude third-party development of similar intellectual property.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. We intend to vigorously defend our proprietary rights against infringement by third parties. However, policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, particularly in foreign countries,
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and we may be unable to determine the extent, if any, to which unauthorized uses of our products exist. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
We do not believe that any of our products infringe on the valid, proprietary rights of third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that third parties will not claim infringement by us with respect to current or future products. Such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Manufacturing and Assembly
Manufacturing consists primarily of assembling and integrating components and subassemblies purchased from suppliers into finished products. The primary components, which include machined parts and electronic circuit boards, are produced by subcontractors according to our specifications. Products are assembled, calibrated and tested for accuracy and functionality before shipment. We perform limited in-house circuit board assembly and component part machining. Typically, we enter into purchase commitments for manufacturing components to cover production requirements for 60 to 120 days. We have entered, and may continue to enter, into longer agreements to purchase sufficient inventory to satisfy warranty commitments or to ensure adequate component availability. To date, we have not experienced any significant difficulty in locating and obtaining the materials necessary to fulfill our production schedules. However, weWe are continuing to monitor ongoing supply chain disruptions that may constrain the availability of raw materials and components used in our products and remain committed to aggressively pursuing adequate sources to ensure continuity of supply and minimize material cost increases that would negatively impact our business.
Our manufacturing, engineering, and design headquarters have been registered to the ISO 9001 standard since July 1998. Semi-annual surveillance audits have documented continuous improvement to this multinational standard. Currently, our manufacturing sites in Lake Mary, Florida; Exton, Pennsylvania; Stuttgart, Germany; and Singapore are jointly registered to ISO 9001. Our FARO Laser Tracker, FaroArm®, and FAROBluTM laser line probe products are all registered to ISO 17025:2005. We continue to examine our scope of registration as our business evolves, and we have chosen English as the standard business language for our operations.
Our efforts to register our manufacturing, engineering and design headquarters to the ISO 9001 standard in concert with the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Certification verifies our commitment to quality through an internationally recognized standard. Additionally, we take a global approach to ISO 17025:2005 regarding the recognition of the Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories, seeking to have all locations registered with similar scopes of accreditation and capabilities for the products generated and serviced.
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We manufactureSanmina currently manufactures our FARO Quantum Max Arm, products in our manufacturing facility located in Florida for customer orders from Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), in our manufacturing facility located in Singapore for customer orders from the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Florida for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture our FARO Focus laser scanner in our manufacturing facilities located in Germany for customer orders from EMEA and the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Pennsylvania for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture ourLaser Scanner, FARO Laser Tracker and our FARO Laser Projector products in ourtheir facility located in Pennsylvania. Under the manufacturing services agreement dated July 15, 2021 and in connection with the Restructuring Plan, Sanmina will provide manufacturing services for the Company’s measurement device products currently manufactured by the Company at the aforementioned manufacturing facilities. A phased transition to a Sanmina production facility is expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2022 as part of our cost reduction initiative.Thailand. We expect all of our existing manufacturing facilities and future third partythese third-party manufacturing facilities to have the production capacity necessary to support our volume requirements during 2022.2023.
Competition
Our measurement systems compete in the broad and highly competitive market for measurement devices for manufacturing and industrial applications, which, in addition to portable articulated arms, laser trackers, 3D imaging and laser scanner products, consist of fixed-base CMMs, templates and go/no-go gages, check fixtures, handheld measurement tools, and various categories of surveying equipment. In the FaroArm® portfolio, FARO Laser Tracker, and FARO Focus solution lines, we compete primarily with Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence, a division of Hexagon AB; Automated Precision, Inc.; Artec Europe, S.a.r.l.; Leica Geosystems AG, a division of Hexagon AB; Creaform, a division of Ametek; and Trimble Inc. In the FARO Laser Projector product line, we compete primarily with Virtek Vision International, a division of Gerber Technology LLC. In our cloud based virtual reality capturing software, HolobuilderTM product line, we compete primarily with Matterport.OpenSpace and StructionSite. We also compete in these product lines with a number of other smaller companies. We compete on the basis of technical innovation, product performance, quality and value with respect to all of our products.
We will be required to make continued investments in technology and product development to maintain and extend the technological advantage that we believe we currently have over our competition. However, we cannot be certain that our technology or our product development efforts will allow us to successfully compete as the industry evolves. As the market for our measurement systems expands, additional competition may emerge, and our existing and future competitors may commit more resources to the markets in which we participate.
Government Regulation
Our operations are subject to numerous governmental laws and regulations, including those governing antitrust and competition, the environment, collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of covered electronic products and components, import and export of products, currency conversions and repatriation, taxation of foreign earnings, and the use of local employees and suppliers. Our foreign operations are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar foreign anti-corruption laws, which makes illegal any payments to government officials or government employees that are intended to induce their influence to assist us or to gain any improper advantage for us. We operate in certain regions in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia-Pacific that are more prone to risk under these anti-corruption laws.
Manufacturers of electrical goods are subject to the European Union’s RoHS2 and WEEE directives, which took effect during 2006. RoHS2 prohibits the use of lead, mercury and certain other specified substances in electronics products, and WEEE makes producers of electrical goods financially responsible for specified collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal of covered electronic products and components. We currently hold RoHS2 and WEEE registration, and we believe we are in compliance with such directives of the European Union.
In addition, a number of data protection laws impact, or may impact, the manner in which we collect, process and transfer personal data. Most notably, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), which went into effect in May and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018 expands(collectively, the “UK GDPR”) (the EU GDPR and UK GDPR together referred to as the “GDPR”). The GDPR imposes comprehensive data protectionprivacy compliance obligations in relation to our collection, processing, sharing, disclosure, transfer and authorizes significantly increased fines for noncompliance, requiring additionalother use of data relating to an identifiable living individual or “personal data”, including a principal of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate compliance resourcesthrough policies, procedures, training and efforts on our part.audit. Further, a number of other regions where we do business, including the United States, the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America, have enacted or are considering new data protection regulations that may impact our business activities that involve the processing of personal data. For example, in the United States, the Federal Trade Commission and state regulators enforce a variety of data privacy issues. In addition, certain states, including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Virginia and Utah, have adopted new or modified privacy and security laws and regulations that may apply to our business. These laws are prompting a wave of similar legislative developments in other states in the United States, which creates the potential for a patchwork of overlapping but different state laws. In order to comply with the varying state laws around data breaches, we must maintain adequate security measures, which require significant investments in resources and ongoing attention. In addition, U.S. and international laws that have been applied to protect user privacy (including laws regarding unfair and deceptive practices in the U.S. and GDPR in the EU) may be subject to evolving interpretations or applications in light of privacy developments. For example, evolution of laws governing the cross-border transfer of data, such as the invalidation of the EU–U.S. Privacy Shield, creates additional uncertainty around the legality and logistics of such transfers. Compliance with enhanced data protection laws requires additional resources and efforts, and noncompliance with personal data protection regulations could result in increased regulatory enforcement and significant monetary fines and costs.
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We historically have sold our products and related services to the U.S. Government (the “Government”) under two General Services Administration (“GSA”) Federal Supply Schedule contracts (the “GSA Contracts”) through the end of 2021. Our sales to the Government under the GSA Contracts represented approximately 1.7% of our total sales for 2021. For sales to the Government beginning in 2022, we expect to sellsold our products and related services through approved distributors. We chose to make this change in our sales strategy to simplify operations and mitigate compliance risk. The Government, as well as state and local governments, can typically terminate or modify their contracts with our distributors either at their discretion or if these distributors default by failing to perform under the terms of their applicable contract, which could impede our ability to compete in the future for contracts and orders.
COVID-19
Our business is vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During 2020 and 2021, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19.
During 2022, we continued to mitigate the ongoing impact of COVID-19, including its variants, on our business results and we remain committed to taking actions to mitigate both the impact on the health and safety of our employees, as well as negative business effects resulting from demand disruption, material availability and potential production and shipment challenges, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, implementing remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhancing the sanitation of all of our facilities;
•Recommending that our employees receive vaccinations and vaccine boosters to help protect our colleagues, families, and communities;
•Aggressively pursuing required raw materials to ensure continuity of supply and minimize material cost increases in collaboration with our third-party manufacturer, Sanmina, and other third-party providers;
•Aggressively pursuing alternative logistics paths when intermittent government-ordered shutdowns affect current logistics paths;
•Monitoring our liquidity, disciplined inventory management, and scrutinizing our capital expenditures while executing our strategic plan; and
•Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to enhance financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We reported a cash balance of $37.8 million and no debt as of December 31, 2022. On January 24, 2023, we issued $75 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the "Notes"). The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations. We believe this positions our current liquidity to adequately meet our projected growth needs in the reasonably foreseeable future, and to weather any impacts of the predicted economic downturns.
Backlog and Seasonality
At December 31, 2021,2022, we had orders representing approximately $26.1$29.9 million in sales outstanding, of which $10.6$11.6 million related to services that we expect to deliver within one year. At December 31, 20202021 and 2019,2020, we had orders representing approximately $19.7$26.1 million and $28.0$19.7 million in sales outstanding, respectively.
We typically experience greater order volume during the fourth quarter, as customers spend the remaining balances of their capital expenditure budgets.

Human Capital
At December 31, 2021,2022, we had 1,4321,490 full-time employees worldwide, consisting of 594646 sales and marketing professionals, 183212 customer service/training/application engineering specialists, 165112 production and supply chain staff, 322358 research and development staff, and 168162 administrative staff. WeAs we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreementsglobal company, so too is the distribution of our headcount with 37% residing in the Americas, 44% in EMEA and believe our employee relations are satisfactory.19% in the APAC region.
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The Company believes that our future growth and success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain highly-skilled personnel. The executive management team is responsible for developing and executing the Company's human capital strategy. The human capital strategy includes the attraction, acquisition, engagement and development of the Company's employees necessary to execute on our strategy and design of employee compensation and benefits programs to fit the needs of our worldwide employees. TheWe are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements and believe our employee relations are satisfactory.
Our CEO and Chief Human Resource Officer regularly update the Company's board of directors on key areas of our human capital strategy, including the following:
Diversity and Inclusion: Because we want our employees to grow professionally and personally during their careers at FARO, believeswe have pledged to provide a diverse and collaborative environment rich in the benefits workforce diversity can provide. Innovation is critical for any technology company –equal opportunities. We actively strive to maintain an environment that treats all employees with dignity and werespect and believe that it benefitsthe combined knowledge and diverse views our employees contribute across our global locations strengthens our competitive edge. In 2022 we launched various internal programs to further support this vision, including the addition of diversity trainings to our annual training requirements. In 2023 we have a plan to launch our first Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”), sponsored and supported by the creative thinking that happens when people with different perspectives and backgrounds come together. We believe diverse teams can better relate to the many and varied needssenior leaders across our Company. Additionally, as part of our customers. We promote a culture where individual differences are valued which also allows uscommitment to attract the very best talent further encouraging our people to reach their full potential.
We conduct regular workforce engagement surveys to take the “pulse”DEI practices, we have included disclosure of our peopleworkforce’s gender and gather their insights, with 77%racial/ethnic group representation in our annual environmental, social and governance report. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 24% of our global workforce participatingidentified as female and 22% of our employees in managerial roles identified as female. As of December 31, 2022, minorities represented approximately 31% of the Company’s US workforce.
Employee Engagement: To assess and improve employee retention and engagement, the Company surveys employees with the assistance of third-party consultants and takes actions to address areas of employee concern. 80% of employees responded to our bi-annual survey in 2022. Based on action plans that were put in place in 2021, we saw a 12% improvement in our engagement score in a 12-month period.
Core Values and Ethics:Our culture and values, along with our approximately 1,500 employees in approximately 26 countries, are the most valuable assets of our Company. The “Power of We” describes our values, which are the foundation of our Company culture. They are:
We Strive for Excellence: We aim to exceed the expectation of our internal and external customers,
We Think Big & Move Fast: We are pioneers in digitalization, leaders with bold ideas who act quickly to ensure we deliver on the value customers expect;
We Make our Mark: We offer solutions that enable our customers to work more efficiently and competitively, creating a more sustainable world; and
We Support Each Other: We embrace a culture of trust, integrity, transparency, and diversity to nurture talent and foster a collaborative work environment,
In addition to these values, our employees are provided with required ethics training covering key topics like Diversity and Inclusion, Cyber Security, Code of Conduct, and Global Ethics policies. To ensure we live our values and that our culture stays unique and strong, our Board of Directors and the executive team put significant focus on our human capital resources.
Employee Recruitment: We work diligently to attract the best talent from diverse backgrounds in order to meet the current and future demands of our business. In 2022, we hired 344 new employees in 24 different countries. Our average employee tenure is 5.86 years.
Our investment in tomorrow includes providing experiences for higher-education students and new graduates through two immersive programs. FARO University provides professional experience opportunities through a select number of part-time paid internships. In the last year, we hosted 63 interns in the September survey. WeUnited States, Germany, Portugal, and Sweden. Interns are committed to taking action on employee feedbackembedded in a variety of functional teams, including Hardware Engineering, Software Engineering, Optical Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Logistics and have implemented both corporateTrade Compliance, Quality Analysis, Supply Chain and business group action plans to address employee concerns. Further, we are committed to making all benefit and employment-related decisions in compliance with established equal employment opportunity statutes and without regard to religion, national origin, age, gender, race, color, ancestry, sexual orientation, disability, marital status, citizenship, pregnancy, medical condition or any other protected class status, as defined by local, state or federal laws.
We believe strongly in buildingProcess Engineering. For graduates pursuing post-secondary engineering careers, FARO offers a global workforce that is diverse and that can build strong working relationships with our customers in the countries we operate. We support an inclusive culture and motivate our workforce to be themselves while at work. We are committed to providing our employeesNew Graduates Program. The 2021-2022 cohort included eight participants who were paired with a positivementor and safe work environment that is freespent 12-18 months rotating through various roles at FARO to gain exposure to different functional areas. During the program, participants are given opportunities to develop or hone technical and professional skills through specialized training. At the conclusion of discrimination, harassment and workplace violence. We encourage our employeesthe program, participants may have the opportunity to embrace different ideas, strengths, interests and cultural backgrounds. People development and inclusion are important to us. We understand the importance of giving back to the communities in which we live and work.

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accept a full-time role at FARO.
Health and Safety: Health, safety, and the well-being of our employees is one of our top priorities. We strive to achieve world-class safety levels on an annual basis. Our safety culture focuses on reducing workplace injuries and is supported by effective communication and reporting of workplace injuries. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, most of our non-manufacturing and technical service personnel
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continue to work remote from our offices. Our global manufacturing operations, including facilities located in Pennsylvania, Florida and Germany continue to be designated as essential business and therefore continue to operate. To protect our employees in facilities in which our teams operate, we have employed preventative measures to help ensure the health and safety of our employees. We ensure our preventative measures are in compliance with the most recent local governmental regulations and requirements.
Available Information
We make available, free of charge on our Internet website at www.faro.com, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. You can find these reports on our website at www.faro.com by first clicking “Investor Relations” and then “SEC Filings.” We have included our website address throughout this filing as textual references only. The information on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, or incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Report. You may also access this information at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.


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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The statements under this heading describe the most significant risks to our business identified by management and should be considered carefully in conjunction with the discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report, on Form 10-K and in our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, on Form 10-Kand in our other public filings before deciding to invest in, or retain, shares of our common stock.
Any of the following risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition. These are not the only risks we face. Our operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known by us or by factors that we currently do not consider to be material to our business.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Competitors may develop products that make our products obsolete or less competitive.
The 3D measurement and imaging solutions market is characterized by rapid technological change. Competitors may develop new or improved products, processes or technologies that may make our products obsolete or less competitive.
As a result, our success depends, in part, on our ability to maintain our technological advantage by developing new products and applications and enhancing our existing products, which can be complex and time-consuming and require substantial investment. Significant delays in new product releases or difficulties in developing new products could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to adapt to evolving markets and technologies or maintain our technological advantage.
Our growth depends on the ability of our products to attain broad market acceptance.
The market for traditional fixed-base coordinate measurement machines, or CMMs, check fixtures, handheld measurement tools, and surveying equipment is mature. Part of our strategy is to continue to displace these traditional measurement devices. Displacing traditional measurement devices and achieving broad market acceptance for our products requires significant effort to convince customers to reevaluate their historical measurement procedures and methodologies.
We market closely interdependent hardware products and related software for use in measurement, inspection, and high density surveying applications. Substantially all of our revenues are currently derived from sales of these products and software, and we plan to continue our business strategy of focusing on the software-driven, 3D measurement and imaging solutions market. Consequently, our financial performance will depend, in large part, on computer-based measurement, inspection and high density surveying products achieving broad market acceptance. If our products cannot attain broad market acceptance, we will not grow as anticipated and may be required to make increased expenditures on research and development for new applications or new products.
We may not be able to identify or consummate acquisitions or achieve expected benefits from or effectively integrate acquisitions, which could harm our growth.
Our growth strategy partly depends on our ability to obtain additional technologies, complementary product lines and sales channels through selective acquisitions and strategic investments. We may not be able to identify and successfully negotiate suitable acquisitions, obtain financing for future acquisitions, if necessary, on satisfactory terms or otherwise complete acquisitions in the future. In the past, we have used our stock as consideration for acquisitions. Our common stock may not remain at a price at which it can be used as consideration for acquisitions without diluting our existing shareholders, and potential acquisition candidates may not view our stock attractively.
In addition, realization of the benefits of acquisitions often requires integration of some or all of the sales and marketing, distribution, manufacturing, engineering, software development, customer service, finance and administrative organizations of the acquired companies. The integration of acquisitions demands substantial attention from senior management and the management of the acquired companies. Our recent acquisitions are, and any future acquisitions may be, subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties including:

•the inability to assimilate effectively the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies (some of which may be located in diverse geographic regions);
•the inability of the acquired business to meet our performance expectations;
•the inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies;
•the need or obligation to divest portions of the acquired companies; and
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•the potential impairment of relationships with customers.
We cannot offer any assurance that we will be able to identify, complete or successfully integrate any suitable acquisitions, that any acquired companies will operate profitably, or that we will realize the expected synergies and other benefits from any acquisition.
The buying process for most of our customers for our measurement products is highly decentralized and typically requires significant time and expense for us to further penetrate the potential market of a specific customer, which may delay our ability to generate additional revenue.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to further penetrate our customer base. During 2021,2022, approximately 82%85% of our revenue was attributable to sales to our existing customers.customers whom have previously purchased products or services from us. If we are not able to continue to further penetrate our existing customer base, our future sales may decline. However, most of our customers have a decentralized buying process for measurement devices, and we must spend significant time and resources to increase revenues from a specific customer. For example, we may provide products to only one of our customer’s manufacturing facilities or for a specific product line within a manufacturing facility. We cannot offer any assurance that we will be able to maintain or increase the amount of sales to our existing customers, which could adversely affect our financial results.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and around the world. Our operations are significantly vulnerable to the effects of pandemics, such as COVID-19, which have, and could continue to materially impact our business.
We are significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak that has surfaced in every country of our global operating footprint. The impact of COVID-19 or COVID-19 variants including the severity of other additional periods of increases or spikes in the number of cases in areas in which we operate, disruptions to our business, changes in consumer behaviors, restrictions on individual and business activities, and financial liquidity concerns, has created significant volatility in the macro-economic environment and initially led to reduced economic activity. There have been and continues to be material actions taken by global government authorities to contain and slow the spread of COVID-19, including travel bans, quarantines, and stay-at-home orders to restrict activities for individuals and businesses. While the effects of COVID-19 are lessening, the continued impact of COVID-19 is uncertain and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend, among other factors, on the continued effectiveness of vaccines and vaccine boosters.
Most of our non-manufacturing and technical service personnel continue to work from home, which began in March 2020. Our global manufacturing operations, including facilities located in Pennsylvania, Florida and Germany continue to be designated as essential business and therefore continue to operate. To protect our employees in facilities in which our teams operate, we have employed preventative measures to ensure the health and safety of our employees. We ensure our preventative measures are in compliance with the most recent local governmental regulations and requirements.
The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations will depend on future events and developments, such as the duration and magnitude of the outbreak and future possible subsequent outbreaks. The impacts of the pandemic include, but are not limited to, the following:

•Potentialpotential production slowdowns of our factories in impacted countries or potential supply and distribution chain disruption, which could in the future result in increased costs and decreased efficiency, and which have and could impact our ability to respond to rapid changes in demand;
•Thethe demand for our products and services, and whether the pandemic leads to continued recessionary conditions in any of our key markets, including potential trade customer financial restructuring or insolvency and increases in uncollectible accounts receivable balances with our trade customer base; Potential future impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets could be recorded as a result of weaker economic conditions;
•Potentialpotential significant disruption of global financial markets, which could have a negative impact on our ability to access capital in the future, and which has, together with operational impacts noted above, necessitated certain recent liquidity creation and preservation actions as a precautionary measure;
•Fluctuationsfluctuations in forecasted earnings before tax and corresponding volatility in our effective tax rate;
•Potentialpotential operational disruption if key employees terminate their employment or become ill, as well as diversion of our management team's attention from non-COVID-19 related matters; and
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•Potentialpotential investigations, legal claims or litigation against us for actions we have taken or may take, or decisions we have made or may make, as a consequence of the pandemic;
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As such, the ultimate impact on our financial condition and results of operations cannot be determined at this time. In 2021, weWe have been adversely affected and continue to expect our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected.
In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our trade customers, suppliers, consumers, and each of their financial conditions; however, any material effect on these parties could adversely impact us. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 may also exacerbate other risks discussed for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have experienced a significant transition in our executive management team in the last three years. Any delay in the integration of our executive management team or ourOur failure to successfully attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect onlead to a loss of sales or decreased profitability.
The loss of any of our business and results of operations.
current executive officers, or other key personnel, could adversely affect our sales, profitability or growth. Our executive management team has gone through a significant transition in the last three years, including the hiring of a new President and Chief Executive Officer and the hiring of a new Chief Financial Officer. Any delay in the integration of our executive management team could affect our ability to develop, implement and execute our business strategies and plans, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
In addition, if we fail to successfully attract qualified personnel or to retain our executive management team and other key personnel, our sales, profitability and growth and our ability to execute our business strategies and plans could be adversely impacted. Turnover of management could also adversely impact our stock price and our client relationships and could make recruiting for future management positions more difficult. WeMoreover, we face competition for qualified personnel whichand we continue to rely, in part, on equity awards to attract and retain qualified personnel. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel could result in increased salaries and other compensation expenses and could negatively affect our profitability.
We derive a substantial part of our revenues from our international operations, which are subject to greater volatility and often require more management time and expense to achieve profitability than our domestic operations.
We derive more than half of our revenues from international operations. Our international operations are subject to various risks, including:

•difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
•political and economic instability;
•unexpected changes in regulatory requirements and laws;
•longer customer payment cycles and difficulty collecting accounts receivable;
•compliance with export and import regulations, including tariffs, and trade restrictions;
•governmental restrictions on the transfer of funds to us from our operations outside the United States; and
•burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and labor practices.

Several of the countries where we operate have emerging or developing economies, which may be subject to greater currency volatility, negative growth, high inflation, limited availability of foreign exchange and other risks. These factors may harm our results of operations and any measures that we may implement to reduce the effect of volatile currencies and other risks of our international operations may not be effective.
We may experience volatility in our stock price.
The price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, highly volatile in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

•fluctuations in demand for, and sales of, our products or prolonged downturns in the industries that we serve;
•actual or anticipated variations in quarterly or annual operating results;
•general economic uncertainties;
•issuances of shares of our common stock, whether in connection with an acquisition or upon conversion of some or all of our outstanding Notes;
•speculation in the press or investment community; and
•announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors.

The market price of our common stock may also be affected by our inability to meet analyst and investor expectations and failure to achieve projected financial results. Any failure to meet such expectations or projected financial results, even if minor,
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could cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly. Volatility in our stock price may result in the inability of our shareholders to sell their shares at or above the price at which they purchased them.
Our relatively small public float and daily trading volume have in the past caused, and may in the future result in, significant volatility in our stock price. At December 31, 2021,2022, we had approximately 18.118.6 million shares outstanding held by non-affiliates. Our daily trading volume for the year ended December 31, 20212022 averaged approximately 82,794116,875 shares.
In addition, stock markets have experienced in the past and may in the future experience a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market prices of equity securities of many companies have experienced in the past and may in the future experience wide price fluctuations not necessarily related to the operating performance of such companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, securities class action lawsuits frequently have been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of such companies’ securities. If any such litigation is instigated against us, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to risks of natural disasters and other catastrophic events.
The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as fires, explosions, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and other forms of severe weather, or the occurrence of acts of war, political unrest, terrorist activities or labor issues, including due to public health crises such as pandemics and epidemics, where we have a manufacturing facility could result in physical damage to, and complete or partial closure of, our manufacturing facilities, which could adversely affect our business, operations and financial performance. Interruptions in our manufacturing operations or damage to our manufacturing facilities could reduce our revenues and increase our costs, and the extent of losses from natural disasters, severe weather and such other events will be a function of both the severity of the event and the total amount of insured exposure. Although we maintain insurance coverage, we can offer no assurance that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover any losses or that we will be able to maintain insurance at a reasonable cost in the future. If losses from business interruption or property damage exceed the amounts for which we are insured, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Developments relating to the United Kingdom's (“UK”) exit from European Union membership could adversely impact our business.
On June 23, 2016, the UK held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit.” Following a protracted period of negotiation, the UK ceased to be a member of the European Union on January 31, 2020, after the ratification and approval of a withdrawal agreement by the European Union and the UK. The withdrawal agreement provided for a transition period until December 31, 2020 (the “Transition Period”), during which the terms of the future trading relationship between the European Union and the UK were negotiated. Throughout the Transition Period, the legal and regulatory framework between the UK and the European Union had remained the same.
Brexit and the perceptions as to its potential impact have and may continue to adversely affect business activity and economic conditions in Europe and globally and could contribute to instability in global financial and foreign exchange markets after the Transition Period. Brexit could also have the effect of imposing greater restrictions on, and costs associated with, imports and exports between the UK and European Union member states, including, without limitation, the imposition of tariffs and increased regulatory complexities. The hiring and retention of skilled labor may also become more challenging if the free movement of workers between the European Union and the UK ends. We may also be impacted by potential exchange rate volatility. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business and operating results by adversely affecting customer demand and our relationships with customers in the UK and the European Union. In addition, as a result of Brexit, other European countries may seek to conduct referenda with respect to their continuing membership with the European Union.
Given these possibilities and others we may not anticipate, as well as the lack of comparable precedent, the full extent to which we will be affected by Brexit is uncertain. Any of the potential negative effects of Brexit could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We may face difficulties managing the effects of any future growth.
If our business grows rapidly in the future, we expect it to result in:
•increased complexity;
•increased responsibility for existing and new management personnel; and
•incremental strain on our operations and financial and management systems.
If we are not able to manage the effects of any future growth, our business, financial condition and operating results may be harmed.
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If our efforts to develop our current services towards a subscription based business model do not succeed, we may reduce our revenue growth rate and profitability, fail to keep pace with technological developments and harm our business.
We are currently developing cloud computingcloud-computing application services to deliver new and existing software offerings. The markets for our 3D measurement, imaging and realization clouds remain relatively new and it is uncertain whether our efforts will ever result in significant revenue for us. Further, the introduction of a significant platform change, including our Sphere platform, and introduction of new services, may not be successful, and early stage interest and adoption of such new services may not result in long term success or significant revenue for us. Our continued efforts to develop new and existing services may not succeed and may reduce our revenue growth rate.
Additionally, if we are unable to rapidly enhance or develop new features for the technology underlying our future subscription basedsubscription-based business model that keep pace with the current and future technological environment, our business will be harmed. The success of enhancements, new features and services depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and user acceptance of the feature, service or enhancement. Further, because our services will be designed to operate on a variety of network hardware and software platforms using a standard browser, we will need to continuously enhance our services to keep pace with changes in Internet-related hardware, software, communication, browser and database technologies. We may not be successful in identifying the technology trends and developing the enhancements, or in bringing them to market timely. Furthermore, uncertainties about the timing and nature of new network platforms or technologies, or modifications to existing platforms or technologies, could increase our research and development or service delivery expenses. Any failure of our services to operate effectively with future network platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our services, result in customer dissatisfaction and harm our business.
Reductions in defense spending could adversely affect our business.
Certain of our customers operate in the defense sector and depend significantly on U.S. government spending. In August 2011, Congress enacted the Budget Control Act of 2011, which imposed spending caps and certain reductions in defense spending through 2021. Automatic spending reductions, referred to as sequestration, were implemented in March 2013. Ongoing budgetary discussions in the federal government may result in other cuts to defense spending. Reductions in defense spending that impact the aerospace and defense industries, or uncertainty regarding future levels of government expenditures, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, if Congress is unable to pass appropriations bills in a timely manner, a government shutdown could result, which may have impacts in addition to those resulting from budget cuts, sequestration impacts or program-level appropriations, including payment delays, impairment of our ability to perform work on existing contracts and reductions in future orders.
Anti-takeover provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws and provisions of Florida law could delay or prevent a change of control that you may favor.
Our articles of incorporation, bylaws and provisions of Florida law could make it more difficult for a third partythird-party to acquire us. Although we believe such provisions are appropriate to protect long-term value for our shareholders, these provisions could discourage potential takeover attempts and could adversely affect the market price of our shares. Because of these provisions, you might not be able to receive a premium on your investment. These provisions include:

•a limitation on shareholders’ ability to call a special meeting of our shareholders;
•advance notice requirements to nominate directors for election to our board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings;
•our classified board of directors, which means that approximately one-third of our directors are elected each year; and
•the authority of the board of directors to issue, without shareholder approval, preferred stock with such terms as the board of directors may determine.
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The provisions described above could delay or make more difficult transactions involving a change in control of the Company or our management.
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Our bylaws designate specific courts in Florida as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by the Company’s shareholders, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim or breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Florida Business Corporation Act or the Company’s articles of incorporation or bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within Seminole County in the State of Florida (or, if no such state court within Seminole County has jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Florida, or if no such other state court located within the State of Florida has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the Middle District of Florida) (the “Florida Forum Provision”). The Florida Forum Provision will not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the Florida Forum Provision; provided, however, that shareholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Florida Forum Provision in our bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on shareholders in pursuing any such claims. Additionally, the Florida Forum Provision may limit our shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage the filing of lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees, even though an action, if successful, might benefit our shareholders. In addition, if the Florida Forum Provision is found to be unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters. The Florida Forum Provision may also impose additional litigation costs on shareholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. The courts specified in the Florida Forum Provision may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a shareholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our shareholders.

Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital

Our financial performance is dependent on the conditions of various industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and heavy-equipment industries, which have from time to time experienced, and may again experience, significant disruptions in the economic environment.
A significant portion of our sales are to manufacturers in the automotive, aerospace, and heavy equipment industries. We are dependent upon the continued viability and financial stability of our customers in these industries, which are highly cyclical and dependent upon the general health of the economy and consumer spending.
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Because a significant portion of our revenues, expenses, and expensesassets are denominated in foreign currencies, we face significant exposure to foreign exchange rate risk.
We conduct a significant portion of our business outside the United States and consequently much of our revenues, expenses and assets are denominated in foreign currencies, most notably the Euro, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, Chinese Yuan and Brazilian Real. Our results of operations are affected by fluctuations in exchange rates, which have caused, and may in the future cause, significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations. Fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and could result in potentially significant foreign exchange gains and losses. The impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on the results of our operations cannot be accurately predicted due to our constantly changing exposure to various currencies, and the fact that all foreign currencies do not react in the same manner in relation to the U.S. dollar. Additionally, currency fluctuations could require us to increase prices to foreign customers, which could result in lower net sales by us to those customers. If we do not adjust the prices for our products in response to unfavorable currency fluctuations, we could be forced to sell our products at a lower margin or at a net loss. To the extent that the percentage of our non-U.S. dollar revenues derived from international sales increases in the future, our exposure to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will increase.
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the availability of off-balance sheet financial instruments to hedge exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, including cross-currency swaps, forward contracts and foreign currency options; however, we have not used such instruments in the past as fluctuations in exchange rate on our revenue were mostly offset by those same fluctuations in exchange rate on our expenses, providing a natural hedge in foreign jurisdictions. Our exchange rate exposure may change as a result of our current or future operational strategies and we will continue assessing the appropriateness of hedging for our business.
We may be unable to recognize the anticipated benefits of our Restructuring Plan, and our new strategic plan.plan, and any future restructuring and strategic plans.
On February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global Restructuring Plan,restructuring plan, which is intended to support our new strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and to help ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to our shareholders and customers. Key activities underOn February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an integration plan (the “Integration Plan”), which is intended to streamline and simplify operations particularly around recent acquisitions and the Restructuring Plan include a continued focus on efficiencyresulting redundant operations and cost-saving efforts, which includes decreasing total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon completion of the Restructuring Plan. These activities are expected to be substantially complete by the end of the first half of 2022.offerings. Actual results, including the final costs of the Restructuring Plan,these restructuring plans, our new strategic plan and our ability to sustain savings, may differ materially from our expectations, resulting in our inability to realize the expected benefits of the Restructuring Plan and our new strategic planthese restructuring plans and negatively impactingimpact our ability to execute our future plans and strategies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tariffs and other export regulations could increase the cost of our products sold to our international customers, which could negatively impact our sales and profitability.
Our international sales operations are subject to extensive laws, governmental regulations and policies, including but not limited to tariffs and other export regulations. Changes in export regulations could increase the cost of our products sold as exports to our international customers. If our international customers are not willing to absorb the incremental costs resulting from those tariffs or other export regulations, it could negatively impact our sales to such customers, as well as our profitability.
We may not be able to achieve financial results within our target goals, and our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Our ability to achieve financial results that are within our goals is subject to a number of factors beyond our control. Moreover, our annual and quarterly operating results have varied significantly in the past and likely will vary significantly in the future. Factors that cause our financial results to fluctuate include, but are not limited to, the following:

•adverse changes in the manufacturing industry and general economic conditions;
•the effectiveness of sales promotions;
•geographic expansion in our regions;
•training and ramp-up time for new sales people;
•investments in strategic sales, product or other initiatives;
•investments in technologies and new products and product enhancements, including costs associated with new development and product introductions, and the timing and market acceptance of new products and product enhancements;
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•manufacturing inefficiencies related to new product introductions;
•excess or obsolete inventory, shrinkage or other inventory losses due to product obsolescence, change in demand for our products, scrap or material price changes;
•impairment charges of goodwill or intangible assets;
•expansion of our manufacturingthird-party manufacturer's capability;
•the size and timing of customer orders, many of which are received towards the end of a quarter;
•the amount of time that it takes to fulfill orders and ship our products;
•the length of our sales cycle to new customers;
•customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products and product enhancements;
•start-up costs and ramp-up time associated with opening new sales offices outside of the United States;
•variations in our effective income tax rate and difficulty in predicting our effective tax rate on a quarterly and annual basis; and
•litigation and regulatory action brought against us.
Any one or a combination of these factors could adversely affect our annual and quarterly operating results in the future and could cause us to fail to achieve our target financial results.
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Future impairments of our goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Because the historical and projected future performance of certain of our recently acquired operations were lower than our expectations, the technologies, intellectual property, know-how and related intangibles were no longer aligned with our go-forward strategies, and due to other initiatives in connection with our new strategic plan, in the fourthsecond quarter of 2019, we recorded an impairment of $35.2 million related primarily to goodwill and intangible assets which was included in operating expenses. Further,2020, we disposed of certain of our operations in the second quarter of 2020.operations. See Note 19, “Restructuring” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding the impairment. We currently hold a total of $25.6$49.0 million in intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and $82.1$106.7 million in goodwill at December 31, 2021.2022. Additionally, as a result of an assessment over the current development strategy of our internally developed software, we determined a shift in our current resources was necessary towards a more efficient path for subscription based software. We recognized an impairment charge related to construction-in-progress intangible assets of $1.1 million in 2022. Events may occur or circumstances may change such that the carrying value is not recoverable or it becomes more likely than not that the fair value of long-lived assets is reduced below the carrying value of the assets, which could result in a further write-down of our assets.
In addition, certain of our long-lived assets such as leasehold improvements, machinery, equipment, and sales demonstration assets may experience impairment as a result of events such as the closure of sites, introduction of new products, decisions to exit certain products or markets, and changes in technology. We depreciate long-lived assets and amortize intangible assets at levels we believe are adequate; however, an impairment of these assets could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may require additional capital to support our liabilities, operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.

On occasion, we may need additional financing for a variety of reasons, including servicing our liabilities, operating or growing our business, responding to business opportunities, undertaking acquisitions, funding stock repurchases, or repaying indebtedness.
Our ability to refinance or obtain additional financing, if and when required, will depend on investor and lender demand, our operating performance, the condition of the capital markets and other factors. We cannot guarantee that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our common stock, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support the operation or growth of our business could be significantly impaired and our operating results may be harmed. Rising interest rates may reduce our access to equity-linked or debt capital and increase our cost of borrowings, which could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial position.
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Inflation in the global economy could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

General inflation in the United States, Europe and other geographies has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades. General inflation, including rising prices for our raw materials and other inputs as well as rising salaries negatively impact our business by increasing our operating expenses. A period of a rising rate of inflation also negatively impacts our business by decreasing the capital for our customers to deploy to purchase our products and services. Inflation may cause our customers to reduce or delay orders for our goods and services thereby causing a decrease in sales of our products and services.
If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our financial statements could contain a material misstatement, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated by the SEC, companies are required to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their internal controls over financial reporting. As part of this process, we are required to document and test our internal controls over financial reporting, management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal controls over financial reporting, and our independent registered public accounting firm is required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Our internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of their inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even effective internal controls over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we fail to adequately establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our financial statements may contain material misstatements, and we could be required to restate our financial results. This could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, lead to a loss of investor confidence and adversely affect our business, our financial condition, and the trading price of our common stock.
Our financial results may be adversely affected by exposure to additional tax liabilities.
As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income tax in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate is directly impacted by the application of complex tax laws and regulations and is highly dependent upon the geographic mix of our worldwide earnings or losses, the tax regulations in each country or geographic region in which we operate, and the availability of tax credits and loss carry-forwards. Our provision for income taxes and tax liability in the future could be adversely affected by many factors including, but not limited to, income before taxes being lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretation of accounting principles. Application of tax laws and regulations is also subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment, and uncertainty. Further, tax laws are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy and legislation and the evolution of regulations and court rulings.
The income and non-income tax regimes we are subject to or operate under may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. Certain countries in Europe, as well as a number of other countries and organizations, have recently proposed or recommended changes to existing tax laws that could significantly increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business or require us to change the manner in which we operate our business. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) has continued to issue guidelines and proposals related to its Base Erosion and Profit Sharing initiative, which could potentially result in legislative changes to the tax treatment of our foreign operations, as well as impact our effective tax rate and the value of our deferred tax assets.

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A valuation allowance may be required for our Dutch deferred tax assets, which may reduce our earnings and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our balance sheet includes $21.3$12.5 million in deferred tax assets. Approximately 80% of that amount relates to Dutch deferred tax assets. On a quarterly basis, we assess our ability to realize our deferred tax assets to ensure noif any valuation allowance isallowances are required. The ultimate realization of our Dutch deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate future taxable income in the Netherlandsjurisdiction during the periods in which those deferred tax assets would be deductible. Based on an evaluation we conducted, we determined that it was not necessary to establish a valuation allowance against any of our Dutch deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021.However, we willWe continue to monitor whether aany valuation allowance isallowances are necessary, and if we are required to establish a valuation allowance against any of our deferred tax assets, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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Risks Related to Our Outstanding Convertible Notes
Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to satisfy our existing debt obligations, including the Notes.
On January 24, 2023, we issued $75 million in aggregate principal amount of our Notes.We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:
•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
•requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, which will reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes;
•limiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business;
•diluting the interests of our existing stockholders as a result of issuing shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Notes; and
•placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with competitors that are less leveraged than us or have better access to capital.
Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our indebtedness, including the Notes, and our cash needs may increase in the future. In addition, any future indebtedness that we may incur may contain financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to operate our business, raise capital or make payments under any existing indebtedness. If we fail to comply with these covenants or to make payments under any existing indebtedness when due, then we would be in default under that indebtedness, which could, in turn, result in that and any existing other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We may not have sufficient cash to settle conversions of the Notes in cash, to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, or to repay the principal amount of the Notes in cash at their maturity, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Notes.
Holders of the Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change before the applicable maturity date at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest or special interest, if any, as described in the indenture governing the Notes. In addition, upon conversion of the Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of such Notes being converted, as described in the indenture governing the Notes. Moreover, we will be required to repay the Notes in cash at their maturity unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. However, we may not have enough available cash on hand or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of such Notes surrendered therefor or pay cash with respect to such series of Notes being converted or at their respective maturity. Further, if the Notes convert and we elect to issue common stock in lieu of cash upon conversion, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution.
In addition, our ability to repurchase or pay cash upon conversion or at maturity of the Notes may be limited by law or regulatory authority. Our failure to repurchase Notes following a fundamental change, to pay cash upon conversion, or at maturity, as required by the indenture, would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under such indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing and future indebtedness. Moreover, the occurrence of a fundamental change under the indenture governing the Notes could constitute an event of default under any such agreement. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay such indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or pay cash with respect to such series of Notes being converted or at maturity of such series of Notes.
The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditional conversion feature of either series of Notes is triggered, holders of the Notes will be entitled under the indenture governing the Notes to convert the Notes at any time during the specified periods at their option. Upon such
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event, if one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation in cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
The accounting method for the Notes could affect our reported financial condition and results.
The accounting method for reflecting the Notes on our consolidated balance sheet, accruing interest expense for the Notes and reflecting the underlying shares of our common stock in our reported diluted earnings per share may adversely affect our reported earnings and financial condition. In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board published an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplified certain of the accounting standards that apply to convertible notes. ASU 2020-06 became effective for us beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year.
In accordance with ASU 2020-06, the Notes will be reflected as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets, with the initial carrying amount equal to the principal amount of the Notes, net of issuance costs. The issuance costs will be treated as a debt discount for accounting purposes, which will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the Notes. As a result of this amortization, the interest expense that we expect to recognize for the Notes for accounting purposes will be greater than the cash interest payments we will pay on the Notes, which will result in lower reported income.
In addition, we expect that the shares of common stock underlying the Notes will be reflected in our diluted earnings per share using the “if converted” method, in accordance with ASU 2020-06. Under that method, diluted earnings per share would generally be calculated assuming that all the Notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive. The application of the if-converted method may reduce our reported diluted earnings per share to the extent we are profitable in the future, and accounting standards may change in the future in a manner that may adversely affect our diluted earnings per share.
Furthermore, if any of the conditions to the convertibility of the Notes is satisfied, then we may be required under applicable accounting standards to reclassify the liability carrying value of the notes as a current, rather than a long-term, liability. This reclassification could be required even if the convert option is not exercised, and could materially reduce our reported working capital.
Risks Related To Product Development And Regulatory Process

Product failures or product availability and performance issues could result in increased warranty costs and delays in new product introductions and enhancements, and could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We regularly introduce new products and enhance existing products. The impact of new product introductions, including the costs associated with new product introductions, such as product development, marketing, assembly line start-up costs and low introductory period production volumes, and manufacturing inefficiencies associated with new product introductions could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Failures in, or performance issues impacting, our new or existing products could result in increased warranty costs, product recall costs, delays in new product introductions or existing product enhancements, and a loss of sales and customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. The supply of raw materials for a new or existing product could be delayed or constrained, or a key vendor could delay shipments, which may decrease product availability, causing a loss of sales and customers.
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Increases in the cost and constraints in the availability of raw materials or components used in our products could negatively impact our business and profitability.
Our products contain various raw materials, including steel, steel byproducts, aluminum, aluminum byproducts, resin products and various electronic components. We use raw materials directly in manufacturing and in components that we purchase from our suppliers. These raw materials are subject to extensive laws, governmental regulations, policies, including tariffs and other import restrictions, inflationary pressures, exchange rate fluctuations and supply shortages. Some of the raw materials are obtained from suppliers outside the United States, and to the extent that the quantity or proportion of materials derived from such foreign suppliers increases in the future, our exposure to tariffs and other import restrictions, supply chain disruptions and exchange rate fluctuations may increase. The occurrence and impact of future changes in laws, governmental regulations, policies, inflationary pressures, exchange rate fluctuations and supply shortages cannot be accurately predicted. Changes to the laws, governmental regulations and policies governing these raw materials, including tariffs and other import restrictions, have increased and could continue to increase the cost of such raw materials and, correspondingly, the cost of manufacturing our products. Further, interruptions in global supply chains, and inflationary pressures and exchange rate fluctuations have increased and could continue to increase the cost of such raw materials, and have constrained and could continue to constrain the availability of such raw materials. If the costs of our raw materials further increase, whether due to changes in laws, governmental regulations, policies, supply shortages or for other reasons, we may not be able to pass on these costs to our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Even in the event that increased costs can be substantially passed through to our customers, our gross margin percentages would decline.
We compete with manufacturers of measurement systems and traditional measurement devices, many of which have more resources than us and may develop new products and technologies.
Our measurement systems compete in the broad and highly competitive market for measurement devices for manufacturing and industrial applications, which, in addition to portable articulated arms, laser trackers, 3D imaging and laser scanner products, consist of fixed-base CMMs, templates and go/no-go gages, check fixtures, handheld measurement tools, and various categories of surveying equipment. In the FaroArm®, FARO ScanArm, FARO Laser TrackerTM, and FARO Focus product lines, we compete primarily with Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence, a division of Hexagon AB; Automated Precision, Inc.; Artec Europe, S.a.r.l.; Leica Geosystems AG, a division of Hexagon AB; Creaform, a division of Ametek; and Trimble Inc. In the FARO Laser Projector product line, we compete primarily with Virtek Vision International, a division of Gerber Technology LLC. In our cloud based virtual reality capturing software, HolobuilderTM product line, we compete primarily with Matterport.OpenSpace and StructionSite. We also compete in these product lines with a number of other smaller companies. We compete on the basis of technical innovation, product performance, quality and price with respect to all of our products.
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We will be required to make continued investments in technology and product development to maintain the technological advantage that we believe we currently have over our competition. Some of our competitors possess substantially greater financial, technical, and marketing resources than we possess. Moreover, we cannot be certain that our technology or our product development efforts will allow us to successfully compete as the industry evolves. If the market for our measurement systems expands, additional competition may emerge and our existing and future competitors may commit more resources to the markets in which we participate. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by pricing strategies pursued by competitors or technological or product developments by competitors.
We are subject to the impact of governmental and other similar certification processes and regulations, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our operations are subject to numerous governmental laws and regulations, including those governing antitrust and competition, the environment, collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of covered electronic products and components, import and export of products, currency conversions and repatriation, taxation of foreign earnings and use of local employees and suppliers. An inability to comply with these regulations or obtain any necessary certifications in a timely manner could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Manufacturers of electrical goods are subject to the European Union’s RoHS2 and WEEE directives, which took effect during 2006. RoHS2 prohibits the use of lead, mercury and certain other specified substances in electronics products, and WEEE makes producers of electrical goods financially responsible for specified collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal of covered electronic products and components. While we currently hold RoHS2 and WEEE registration and believe we are in compliance with the directives of the European Union, including the RoHS2 directive, parallel initiatives are being proposed in other jurisdictions, including several states in the United States and China. If we do not comply with any such initiatives, our sales and results of operations could be materially impacted.
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In addition, a number of data protection laws impact, or may impact, the manner in which we collect, process and transfer personal data. Most notably, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”) and the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018 (collectively, the “UK GDPR”) (the EU GDPR which went into effect in May 2018, expandsand UK GDPR together referred to as the “GDPR”). The GDPR imposes comprehensive data protectionprivacy compliance obligations in relation to our collection, processing, sharing, disclosure, transfer and authorizes significantly increased fines for noncompliance, requiring additionalother use of data relating to an identifiable living individual or “personal data”, including a principal of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate compliance resourcesthrough policies, procedures, training and efforts on our part. audit.
Further, a number of other regions where we do business, including the United States, the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America, have enacted or are considering new data protection regulations that may impact our business activities that involve the processing of personal data. ComplianceFor example, in the United States, the Federal Trade Commission and state regulators enforce a variety of data privacy issues. In addition, certain states, including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Virginia and Utah, have adopted new or modified privacy and security laws and regulations that may apply to our business. These laws are prompting a wave of similar legislative developments in other states in the United States, which creates the potential for a patchwork of overlapping but different state laws. In order to comply with the varying state laws around data breaches, we must maintain adequate security measures, which require significant investments in resources and ongoing attention.
In addition, U.S. and international laws that have been applied to protect user privacy (including laws regarding unfair and deceptive practices in the U.S. and GDPR in the EU and UK) may be subject to evolving interpretations or applications in light of privacy developments. For example, evolution of laws governing the cross-border transfer of data, such the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) invalidating the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield in 2020. The CJEU noted that reliance on the standard contractual clauses alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances and that transfers must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, creates additional uncertainty around the legality and logistics of such transfers. The European Commission has since published revised standard contractual clauses for data transfers from the EEA: the revised clauses have been mandatory for relevant transfers since September 27, 2021; existing standard contractual clauses arrangements were required to be migrated to the revised clauses by December 27, 2022. We have or are in the process of implementing revised standard contractual clauses for existing intragroup, customer and vendor arrangements. In addition, the United Kingdom’s Information Commissioner’s Office has published new data transfer standard contracts for transfers from the UK under the UK GDPR. This new documentation was mandatory for relevant data transfers from September 21, 2022; existing standard contractual clauses arrangements must be migrated to the new documentation by March 21, 2024. We will be required to implement the latest UK data transfer documentation for data transfers subject to the UK GDPR, in relation to relevant existing contracts and certain additional contractual arrangements, within the relevant time frames.
Further, European court and regulatory decisions subsequent to the CJEU decision have taken a restrictive approach to international data transfers. Therefore, as the enforcement landscape further develops, and supervisory authorities issue further guidance on international data transfers, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines; we may have to stop using certain tools and vendors and make other operational changes. More generally, compliance with enhanced data protection laws requires additional resources and efforts, and noncompliance with personal data protection regulations could result in increased regulatory enforcement and significant monetary fines and costs,costs.
Failure to comply with the GDPR could result in penalties for noncompliance. Since we are subject to the supervision of relevant data protection authorities under both the EU GDPR and the UK GDPR, we could be fined under each of those regimes independently in respect of the same breach. Penalties for certain breaches are up to the greater of EUR 20 million/ GBP 17.5 million or 4% of our global annual turnover. In addition to fines, a breach of the GDPR may result in regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease/ change our data processing activities, enforcement notices, assessment notices (for a compulsory audit) and/ or civil claims (including class actions). Outside of the EU and the UK other data privacy regimes may impose similar fines and consequences on the same or greater scale.
If we or our vendors fail to protect data and prevent data security incidents, there may be damage to our brand and reputation, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which could have an adverse effect onwould materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We maintain sensitive and confidential business information on our own behalf and for our customers. As such, we are an attractive target for data security attacks by third parties. We also rely on third-party service providers to host or otherwise process some of our data and that of our customers. Our servers and platform may be vulnerable to computer viruses or physical or electronic break-ins that our security measures may not detect. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often unrecognizable until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques and implement adequate preventative measures. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security incidents or improper access to, or use, acquisition, disclosure, alteration or destruction of, any such data could result in significant liability and a material loss of revenue resulting from the adverse impact on our reputation and brand, a diminished ability to retain or attract new customers, and disruption to our business.
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Security breaches could also expose us to liability under various laws and regulations across jurisdictions and increase the risk of litigation and governmental investigation. We have been subject to data security breaches in the past and may be again in the future.
Our sales to the U.S. government are subject to compliance with regulatory and contractual requirements, and noncompliance could expose us to liability or impede current or future business.
The Government, as well as state and local governments, can typically terminate or modify their contracts with us either at their discretion or if we default by failing to perform under the terms of the applicable contract, which could expose us to liability and impede our ability to compete in the future for contracts and orders. The failure to comply with regulatory and contractual requirements could subject us to investigations, price reductions, up to treble damages, fines or other sanctions and penalties. Additionally, violations of certain regulatory and contractual requirements could also result in us being suspended or debarred from future government contracting.
We have sold our products and related services to the U.S. Government (the “Government”) under General Services Administration (“GSA”) Federal Supply Schedule contracts (the “GSA Contracts”) since 2002. Each GSA Contract is subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements and includes, among other provisions, a price reduction clause (the “Price Reduction Clause”), which generally requires us to reduce the prices billed to the Government under the GSA Contracts to correspond to the lowest prices billed to certain benchmark customers.
Late in the fourth quarter of 2018, during an internal review we preliminarily determined that certain of our pricing practices may have resulted in the Government being overcharged under the Price Reduction Clauses of the GSA Contracts (the “GSA Matter”). As a result, we performed remediation efforts, including but not limited to, the identification of additional controls and procedures to ensure future compliance with the pricing and other requirements of the GSA Contracts. We also retained outside legal counsel and forensic accountants to assist with these efforts and to conduct a comprehensive review of our pricing and other practices under the GSA Contracts (the “Review”). On February 14, 2019, we reported the GSA Matter to the GSA and its Office of Inspector General.
Effective as of February 25, 2021, as a result of the review, we entered into a settlement agreement with the GSA. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, we agreed to, among other things, pay to the GSA $12.3 million in full and final satisfaction of any and all claims, causes of actions, appeals and the like, including damages, costs, attorney's fees and interest
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arising under or related to the GSA Matter. As of March 31, 2021,Matter and we settled and paid the full $12.3 million and no longer have any outstanding liability related to this matter.
For sales to the Government beginning in 2022, we expect to sellsold our products and related services through approved distributors. We chose to make this change in our sales strategy to simplify operations and mitigate compliance risk. The Government, as well as state and local governments, can typically terminate or modify their contracts with our distributors either at their discretion or if these distributors default by failing to perform under the terms of their applicable contract, which could impede our ability to compete in the future for contracts and orders.
Any failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money-laundering laws could subject us to fines and penalties.
InWe sometimes leverage third parties to sell our products and services and conduct our business abroad. We and our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities, and, in certain circumstances, we could be held liable for any corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our team members, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we do not authorize such activities. We have policies and controls that are designed to mitigate the risks of non-compliance by our employees and agents, therefore we cannot be assured that all of our team members and agents will comply at all times with our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international sales and business, or if we increase our reliance on third parties abroad, our risks under these laws may increase.
For example, in 2012, our monitorship expired pursuant to our settlement with the SEC and the United States Department of Justice or DOJ,(“DOJ”), concerning certain payments made by our subsidiary in China that may have violated the FCPA and other applicable laws. We are, of course, still subject to such laws and have adopted and maintain a compliance program designed to ensure compliance with these laws; however,. However, in light of our prior conduct, any future failure, or alleged failure, to comply with any such continuing obligations could result in the SEC and the DOJ aggressively seeking to impose penalties against us. In addition, many countries in which we operate have increased regulation regarding anti-corruption practices generally. Compliance with such regulations could be costly and could adversely impact our results of operations or delay entry into new markets.
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Our failure to comply with trade compliance and economic sanctions laws and regulations of the United States and applicable international jurisdictions could materially adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.
Our business must be conducted in compliance with applicable economic and trade sanctions and export control laws and regulations, such as those administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the United Nations Security Council and other relevant sanctions authorities. Such laws and regulations prohibit or restrict certain operations, investment decisions and sales activities, including dealings with certain countries or territories, and with certain governments and designated persons. Our global operations expose us to the risk of violating, or being accused of violating, economic and trade sanctions and export control laws and regulations. In addition, our employees, representatives or distributors may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant penalties, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil fines, disgorgement of profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. Despite our compliance efforts and activities, we cannot assure compliance by our employees, distributors or representatives for which we may be held responsible, and any such violation could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Any failure to protect our patents and proprietary rights in the United States and foreign countries could adversely affect our revenues.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to obtain and maintain patents and other proprietary rights protection for our processes and products in the United States and other countries. We also rely upon trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing inventions to maintain our competitive position. We seek to protect our technology and trade secrets, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees and contractors. However, our employees may breach these agreements, or our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by inventors. If we are unable to obtain or maintain protection of our patents, trade secrets and other proprietary rights, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
In addition, despite our efforts to protect our patents and other proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, particularly in foreign countries, and we may be unable to determine the extent, if any, to which unauthorized uses of our products exist. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
Our patent protection involves complex legal and technical questions. Our patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented. Further, we may be able to protect our proprietary rights from infringement by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary processes and products are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Furthermore, others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or design around our patented technologies. Litigation or other proceedings to defend or enforce our intellectual property rights could require us to spend significant time and money, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition.
Claims from others that we infringed on their intellectual property rights may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
From time to time, we receive notices from others claiming that we infringed on their intellectual property rights. Resolving these claims may require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements on unfavorable terms, require us to stop selling or to redesign affected products, or require us to pay damages. In addition, from time to time, we are involved in intellectual property lawsuits. We could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of lawsuits and claims that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Any litigation or interference proceedings, regardless of their outcome, may be costly and may require significant time and attention of our management and technical personnel.
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Risks Related To Reliance On Third Parties

Our dependence on suppliers for materials could impair our ability to manufacture our products.
Outside vendors provide key components, such as electronic components and semiconductors, used in the manufacture of our products. Any supply interruption in a limited source component would hinder our ability to manufacture our products until a new source of supply is identified. In addition, an uncorrected defect or supplier’s variation in a component, either known or unknown, or incompatibility with our manufacturing processes, could hinder our ability to manufacture our products. We may not be able to find a sufficient alternative supplier in a reasonable period of time, or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain a supplier for the manufacture of components of our products, we may experience delays or interruptions in our operations, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks generally associated with our information systems could adversely affect our business reputation and results of operations.
We rely on our information systems to obtain, rapidly process, analyze and manage data to, among other things:
•facilitate the purchase and distribution of thousands of inventory items;
•receive, process and ship orders on a timely basis;
•accurately bill and collect from customers;
•process payments to suppliers and employees; and
•summarize results and manage our business.
Our primary and back-up computer systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunication failures, security breaches, natural disasters and errors by employees. Though losses arising from some of these issues may be covered by insurance, interruptions of our critical business computer systems or failure of our back-up systems could lead to a loss of sales or decreased profitability.
A cyberattack or security breach of our systems may compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our internal data and the availability of our products and websites designed to support our customers or their data. Computer hackers, foreign governments or cyber terrorists may attempt to penetrate our network security and our website. Unauthorized access to our proprietary business information or customer data may be obtained through break-ins, sabotage, breach of our secure network by an unauthorized party, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, employee theft or misuse or other misconduct. Cyber incidents have been increasing in sophistication and frequency and can include third parties gaining access to employee or customer data using stolen or inferred credentials, computer malware, viruses, spamming, phishing attacks, ransomware, card skimming code, and other deliberate attacks and attempts to gain unauthorized access. Because the techniques used by computer programmers who may attempt to penetrate and sabotage our network security or our website change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. It is also possible that unauthorized access to customer data may be obtained through inadequate use of security controls by customers, suppliers or other vendors.
Any security breach, cyberattack or cyber security breach, and any incident involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of, or access to, sensitive or confidential customer information, whether involving us or involving one of our vendors, could require us to expend significant resources to remediate any damage, could interrupt our operations and damage our reputation, and could also result in regulatory enforcement actions, material fines and penalties, litigation or other actions which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations. We have in the past experienced security incidents, and we may in the future experience other data security incidents or breaches affecting personally identifiable information or other confidential business information. If new customers or existing customers believe that our systems do not provide adequate security for the storage of personally identifiable information or other confidential or sensitive information, they may choose not to engage in business with us. Additionally, actual, potential or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Although we maintain cyber liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES
The Americas
Our headquarters is located in a leased building in Lake Mary, Florida containing approximately 46,500 square feet. This facility houses our sales, marketing, customer service/application operations and administrative staff. Our U.S. production, research and development, and service operations and manufacturing are located in another leased building in Lake Mary, Florida, which consists of approximately 35,000 square feet, as well as a leased facility consisting of approximately 90,400 square feet located in Exton, Pennsylvania containing research and development manufacturing and service operations of our FARO Laser Tracker™, FARO Focus, and FARO Laser Projector product lines. As part of the Restructuring Plan, we have reduced our physical footprint and entered into an agreement to sublease 17,000 square feet of our leased Exton, Pennsylvania facility. We are currently searching for a tenant to sublease this empty space. We also lease a facility in Nuevo Leon, Mexico containing service and sales operations, which consists of approximately 36,000 square feet.
Europe/Middle East/Africa
In EMEA,Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”), our primary operations are located in a leased building in Stuttgart, Germany containing approximately 105,300 square feet. This facility houses the manufacturing, research and development, administration, sales, marketing and service management personnel for our EMEA operations. Additionally, we also have a leased service and sales facility located in Warwickshire, Great Britain consisting of approximately 12,700 square feet. As part of our acquisition of GeoSLAM, we also lease space in Nottingham, UK containing approximately 8,300 square feet. This facility houses the research and development, administration, sales, marketing and service management personnel for our GeoSLAM operations. 
Asia-Pacific
In APAC,Asia-Pacific (“APAC”), our primary operations are located in a leased building in Singapore containing approximately 22,000 square feet. This facility houses the administration, sales, marketing and service management personnel and manufacturing for our Asia-Pacific operations. Our Japan operations are located in a leased building in Nagoya, Japan containing approximately 15,900 square feet. This facility houses our Japanese sales, marketing and service operations. Our China operations are located in a leased building in Shanghai, China containing approximately 24,700 square feet for sales, marketing and service operations. Our India operations are located in a leased building in New Delhi, India containing approximately 10,510 square feet for sales, distribution and service operations.
We believe our current facilities and future third partythird-party resources will be adequate for our needs in 20222023 and that we will be able to locate suitable space for additional regional offices or enhanced production needs as necessary.
The information required by the remainder of this Item is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Report.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, none of which we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.None.
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PART II
 
ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information and Holders
Our common stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “FARO”.
As of February 14, 2022,13, 2023, we had 34 holders of record of our common stock.The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.
Dividends
To date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We expect to retain future earnings for use in operating and expanding our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the reasonably foreseeable future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act.Act except for Rajani Ramanathan who was automatically granted restricted stock units equal to an aggregate total of 3,189 shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with her appointment to our Board of Directors on July 25, 2022 pursuant to our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved at our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders and our Company’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (the “Initial Director Grant”). The Initial Director Grant shall vest on July 25, 2025, subject to the director’s continued service on our Board of Directors as of such date.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, we also issued restricted stock units equal to an aggregate total of 1,986 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain employees (the “Employee Grants”). The Employee Grants shall vest in three equal annual installments on the anniversary dates of each respective grant.
The restricted stock units were granted in accordance with Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The shares underlying these restricted stock units were registered on a Form S-8 registration statement subsequent to the granting of such awards.
Purchases of Equity Securities
On November 24, 2008, our Board of Directors approved a $30.0 million share repurchase program. Subsequently, in October 2015, our Board of Directors authorized an increase to the existing share repurchase program from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. In December 2018, our Board of Directors authorized management to utilize the share repurchase program, beginning January 1, 2019, to maintain the number of our issued and outstanding shares to address the dilutive impact of stock options exercises and the settlement of restricted stock units. Acquisitions for the share repurchase program may be made from time to time at prevailing prices as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements and subject to market conditions and other factors under this program. The share repurchase program may be discontinued at any time. There is no expiration date or other restriction governing the period over which we can repurchase shares under the program. We made no stock repurchases during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 under this program. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had authorization to repurchase $18.3 million of the $50.0 million authorized by our Board of Directors under the existing share repurchase program.
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Performance Graph
The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.
The following graph shows a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Russell 2000 Index. The Russell 2000 Index replaces the Morningstar Scientific and Technical Instruments Index in this analysis and going forward, as the latter data is no longer accessible. The latter index has been included with data through 2020.
The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each of the indexes during the last five fiscal years ended December 31, 2021.2022. Data for the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Russell 2000 Index assume reinvestment of dividends.
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The comparison in the graph below is based on historical data. The stock price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used in the graph and table was obtained from Zacks Investment Research, a source believed to be reliable, but we are not responsible for any errors or omissions in such information.
faro-20211231_g1.jpg
Company/Market/Peer Group201620172018201920202021
FARO Technologies, Inc.$100.00 $130.56 $112.90 $139.87 $196.20 $194.51 
Nasdaq Composite-Total Returns$100.00 $129.64 $125.96 $172.18 $249.52 $304.85 
Morningstar Scientific & Technical Instruments Index$100.00 $138.52 $125.44 $173.40 $213.80 N/A
Russell 2000$100.00 $114.65 $102.02 $128.06 $153.62 $176.39 
faro-20221231_g1.jpg
Company/Market/Peer Group201720182019202020212022
FARO Technologies, Inc.$100.00 $86.47 $107.13 $150.28 $148.98 $62.57 
Nasdaq Composite-Total Returns$100.00 $97.16 $132.81 $192.47 $235.15 $158.65 
Russell 2000$100.00 $88.99 $111.70 $134.00 $153.85 $122.41 

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ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Not Applicable.Reserved.
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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following information should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Amounts reported in millions within this Annual Report are computed based on Form 10-K.the amounts in thousands. As a result, the sum of the components reported in millions may not equal the total amount reported in millions due to rounding. Certain columns and rows within the tables that follow may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages presented are calculated based on the respective amounts in thousands.
Overview
We are a global technology company that designs, develops, manufactures, markets and supports software driven, three-dimensional (“3D”) measurement, imaging, and realization solutions for the 3D metrology, architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”), Operations and Maintenance (“O&M”) and public safety analytics markets. We enable our customers to capture, measure, manipulate, interact with and share 3D and 2D data from the physical world in a virtual environment and then translate this information back into the physical domain. Our broad technology set equips our customers with a wide range of 3D capture technologies that range from ultra-high accuracy laser scanner basedlaser-scanner-based technology to lower accuracy, photogrammetry basedphotogrammetry-based technology. Our FARO suite of 3D products and software solutions are used for inspection of components and assemblies, rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, documenting large volume or structures in 3D, surveying and construction, construction management, assembly layout, machine guidance as well as in investigation and reconstructions of crash and crime scenes. We sell the majority of our solutions through a direct sales force, with an increasing volume being sold through an indirect channel across a range of industries including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, surveying, architecture, engineering and construction, public safety forensics and other industries.
We derive our revenues primarily from the sale of our measurement equipment and related multi-faceted software programs. Revenue related to these products is generally recognized upon shipment. In addition, we sell extended warranties and training and technology consulting services relating to our products. We recognize the revenue from hardware service contracts and software maintenance contracts on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, and revenue from training and technology consulting services when the services are provided.
We operate in international markets throughout the world and maintain sales offices in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
We manufactureSanmina currently manufactures our FARO Quantum Max Arm, products in our manufacturing facility located in Florida for customer orders from Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), in our manufacturing facility located in Singapore for customer orders from the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Florida for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture our FARO Focus laser scanner in our manufacturing facilities located in Germany for customer orders from EMEA and the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Pennsylvania for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture ourLaser Scanner, FARO Laser Tracker and our FARO Laser Projector products in ourtheir facility located in Pennsylvania. Under the manufacturing services agreement dated July 15, 2021 and in connection with the Restructuring Plan, Sanmina will provide manufacturing services for the Company’s measurement device products currently manufactured by the Company at the aforementioned manufacturing facilities. A phased transition to a Sanmina production facility is expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2022 as part of our cost reduction initiative.Thailand. We expect all of our existing manufacturing facilities and future third partythese third-party manufacturing facilities to have the production capacity necessary to support our volume requirements during 2022.2023.
We account for wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries in the currency of the respective foreign jurisdiction; therefore, fluctuations in exchange rates may have an impact on the value of the intercompany account balances denominated in different currencies and reflected in our consolidated financial statements. We are aware of the availability of off-balance sheet financial instruments to hedge exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, including cross-currency swaps, forward contracts and foreign currency options. However, weNo such instruments were utilized by the Company in 2022, 2021 or 2020. We have not used suchhedging instruments in the past as fluctuations in exchange rate on our revenue were mostly offset by those same fluctuations in exchange rate on our expenses, providing a natural hedge in foreign jurisdictions. Our exchange rate exposure may change as a result of our current or future operational strategies and none were utilized in 2021, 2020 or 2019.we will continue assessing the appropriateness of hedging for our business.

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Executive Summary
COVID-19 and Impact On Our Business
Our business is significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During 2020, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19. While COVID-19 has negatively impacted demand for our products and services overall, it has provided us with the opportunity to adapt to operating in a virtual environment. We significantly increased the utilization of our existing virtual sales demonstration infrastructure which has enabled ongoing customer product education. We launched an updated web-based learning system with FARO Academy that has resulted in an increase in the attendance of our virtual training and product information seminars as our customers take advantage of the opportunity to remotely participate and to better understand the capabilities of our products and software offerings.
During 2021, while we saw a recovery in our revenue across our served industries, we continued to assess the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our business results and we remained committed to taking actions to address the health and safety of our employees and customers, as well as the negative effects from demand disruption and production impacts, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, implementing remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhancing the sanitation of all of our facilities;
•Recommending that our employees receive vaccinations to help protect our colleagues, families, and communities;
•Confidentially collecting proof of vaccination from our employees or requiring weekly COVID-19 testing to use certain facilities;
•Monitoring our liquidity, disciplined inventory management, and limiting capital expenditures; and
•Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to enhance financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We continue to maintain a strong capital structure with a cash balance of $122.0 million and no debt as of December 31, 2021. We believe that our liquidity position is adequate to meet our projected needs in the reasonably foreseeable future.
Future developments, such as the potential resurgence of COVID-19 in countries that have begun to recover from the early impact of the pandemic and actions taken by governments in response to future resurgence, are highly uncertain. Therefore, the Company is not able to predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact the Company’s results of operations and financial conditions. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for an additional discussion of risks related to COVID-19.
Our total sales increased by $34.0 million, or 11.2%, to $337.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $303.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our product sales increased by $32.5 million, or 14.9%, to $251.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $218.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to the recovery from the economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected the prior year. Service revenue increased $1.5 million, or 1.8%, to $86.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 remaining fairly consistent with the $85.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Also, foreign exchange rates had a positive impact on sales of $4.1 million, or 1.3 percentage points, primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro and the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar.
Change in Organizational Structure and Segment Reporting
As part of our new strategic plan, and based on the recommendation of our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in the fourth quarter of 2019, we eliminated our vertical structure in favor of a functional structure. Our new executive leadership team is comprised of functional leaders in areas such as sales, marketing, operations, research and development and general and administrative, and resources are allocated to each function at a consolidated unit level. We no longer have separate business units, segment managers or vertical leadersOur Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) who report to the CODMis also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) allocates resources and evaluates performance with respect to operations, operating results or planning for levels or components belowat the total Company level. Instead, our CODM now allocates resources and evaluates performance on a company-wide basis. Based on these changes, commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019, weWe report as one reporting segment that develops, manufactures, markets, supports and sells a suite of 3D imaging and software solutions.
In additionOn February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”) to improve operating performance and to help ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to our shareholders and customers.Key activities under the reorganizationRestructuring Plan have targeted and achieved approximately $40 million in annualized savings and included a targeted decrease in total headcount of approximately 500 employees and achieved a decrease of 390 employees upon the substantial completion of the Company’s structure,Restructuring Plan. We believe we have successfully redefined our go-to-market strategy to place an increased focus on our customers and to help enable our sales employees, supported by our talented pool of field application engineers, to sell all product lines globally.
In the second quarter of 2020, we evaluated our hardware and software product portfolio and the operations of certain of our recent acquisitions. As a result of this evaluation, we simplified our hardware and software product portfolio and divested our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets obtained from our acquisition of Opto-Tech SRL and its subsidiary Open Technologies SRL (collectively, “Open Technologies”) in the second quarter of 2020.
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On February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which supports our strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver sustainable value to our shareholders and customers.Key activities under the Restructuring Plan have achieved $39.6 million in annualized Non-GAAP savings that were realized by the end of fiscal year 2021 and included decreasing total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon the completion of the Restructuring Plan. The elimination of our vertical structure allowed us to successfully complete our redefined go-to-market strategy which placed increased focus on our customers and enabled our sales employees, supported by our talented pool of field application engineers, to sell all product lines globally.Technologies.
Our new marketing leadership team has focusedcontinues to focus its efforts on gaining an increased understanding of customer applications and workflows which enables value-based product positioning while optimizing our customer's total cost of ownership. By strengthening our understanding of customer applications and workflows, we will continue to develop high-value solutions across our product and software platforms. Also, ourOur marketing leadership team has transformed our lead generation process and implemented technology to provide our sales organization with higher quality leads which optimizes the time and effort spent by our newly organized sales team.
We continue to focus on organizational optimization and improved decision making throughout the Company. Prior to the execution ofIn connection with the Restructuring Plan, the Company had strong geographic organizations with decentralized decision making. Additionally, the previous vertical structure layered on top of the geographic organization led to an overly complex and costly management structure. The newly formed global functional organization has enabled centralized management and clear process ownership, eliminating redundant resources and increasing the Company's agility and ability to execute the new strategic plan during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Wewe recorded a total pre-tax charge of approximately $15.8 million and paid $13.1$4.6 million during the year ended December 31, 20202022, which include expenses to be paid in cash of $3.0 million primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges.charges and a non-cash expense of $1.6 million consisting of the impairments of assets. We have continuedpaid $6.4 million for expenses related to make significant progress in executing the Restructuring Plan during 2021.for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges. We recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $7.4 million and paid $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs. We recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $15.8 million and paid $13.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges.
On July 15, 2021, we entered into a manufacturing services agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sanmina, Corporation (“Sanmina”), in connection with the Restructuring Plan. Under the Agreement, Sanmina will provide manufacturing services for the Company’s measurement device products currently manufactured by the Company at the Company’s Lake Mary, Florida, Exton, Pennsylvania, and Stuttgart, Germany manufacturing sites. A phased transition to a Sanmina production facility is expected to bewas completed byat the end of the secondthird quarter of 2022 as part of our cost reduction initiative. The Company expects to pay approximately $4 million in fiscal year 2022, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits.
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We continue to evaluateSubstantially all of our key initiatives and execution ofplanned activities under the Restructuring Plan are complete and as part of our final steps, we expect to potentially incur additionalremaining pre-tax charges in the range of $6$0.5 million to $10$1.0 million through the endfirst half of fiscal year 2022.2023.
Faro Sphere and the Unified Software Environment
FARO Sphere is our new cloud-based platform that is the foundation to our new software and solution strategy. Our objective is to provide differentiated value by offering workflow enhancements which include automated laser scan, data uploads from any location, access to our existing suite of 3D software applications, cloud-based data analysis and global user access as well as ultimately, the ability for our customers to purchase, renew or manage all of their FARO software and hardware assets.access. FARO Sphere represents the first step into expansion of our cloud-based software offerings that we believe will deliver greater value to our customers and to our shareholders. The FARO Sphere environment could be adopted globally across a wide range of markets, including construction management, facilities, operations and maintenance, robotic simulation and incident preplanning. This potential adoption would lead to an increase in the number of users and thus enable revenue growth of our software and a shift toward increased levels of recurring revenue over time. We anticipatehave released the first phase of FARO Sphere to be released to our customers withinduring the second quarter of 2022.
Revenue from our current software products was $44.4 million, $45.1 million $38.3 million and $46.9$38.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021,2022, December 31, 2020,2021, and December 31, 2019,2020, respectively. Our recurring revenue which is comprised of hardware service contracts, software maintenance contracts, and subscription based software applications was $68.3 million, $64.1 million, $61.2 million, and $56.1$61.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Acquisition of HolobuilderAcquisitions
On June 4, 2021, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Holobuilder, Inc. (“Holobuilder”), a company focused on a 360° photo software platform which delivers hardware agnostic image capture, registration and viewing to the Construction and Digital Twin market. With an initial focus on construction management, Holobuilder’s technology platform provides general contractors a solution to efficiently capture and virtually manage construction progress using off-the-shelf 360° cameras.
On September 1, 2022, we acquired UK-based GeoSLAM, a leading provider of mobile scanning solutions with proprietary high-productivity simultaneous localization and mapping (“SLAM”) software. GeoSLAM's software enables mobile 3D photogrammetry-based technologydocumentation of indoor or enclosed environments without the need for global positioning system (“GPS”). GeoSLAM’s products and solutions are primarily used today in the geospatial and mining markets. However, there is a growing demand for high productivity mobile scanning in the construction, operations and maintenance markets as well.
On December 1, 2022, we acquired SiteScape, an innovator in light detecting and ranging (“LiDAR”) 3D scanning software solutions for the architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”) and operations and maintenance (“O&M”) markets. SiteScape enables LiDAR equipped mobile devices to easily capture indoor spaces digitally, providing a readily available entry-point to scanning physical spaces for a purchase pricebroad range of $33.8applications. The SiteScape software is available for all LiDAR equipped iPhone operating system (“iOS”) devices, which enables quick and easily accessible data capture to be available to the consumer-based market.
COVID-19 and Impact On Our Business
Our business is vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During 2020 and 2021, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19.
During 2022, we continued to mitigate the ongoing impact of COVID-19, including its variants, on our business results and we remain committed to taking actions to mitigate both the impact on the health and safety of our employees, as well as negative business effects resulting from demand disruption, material availability and potential production and shipment challenges, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, implementing remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhancing the sanitation of all of our facilities;
•Recommending that our employees receive vaccinations and vaccine boosters to help protect our colleagues, families, and communities;
•Aggressively pursuing required raw materials to ensure continuity of supply and minimize material cost increases in collaboration with our third-party manufacturer, Sanmina, and other third-party providers;
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•Aggressively pursuing alternative logistics paths when intermittent government-ordered shutdowns affect current logistics paths;
•Monitoring our liquidity, disciplined inventory management, and scrutinizing our capital expenditures while executing our strategic plan; and
•Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to enhance financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We reported a cash balance of $37.8 million paid, net of cash acquired and was paid with cash on hand. We believe this acquisition enables the Company to provide reality-capture photo documentation and added remote access capability for industries such as construction management further expanding the Company's Digital Twin solution portfolio. The results of Holobuilder’s operations as of and after the date of acquisition have been included in our consolidated financial statementsno debt as of December 31, 2021.2022. On January 24, 2023, we issued $75 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the "Notes"). The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations. We believe this positions our current liquidity to adequately meet our projected growth needs in the reasonably foreseeable future, and to weather any impacts of the predicted economic downturns.
Presentation of Information
Amounts reported in millions within this Annual Report on Form 10-K are computed based on the amounts in thousands. As a result, the sum of the components reported in millions may not equal the total amount reported in millions due to rounding. Certain columns and rows within the tables that follow may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages presented are calculated based on the respective amounts in thousands.
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Results of Operations
2022 Compared to 2021
 Years ended December 31,
20222021Change ($)
(dollars in millions)% of Sales% of Sales2022 vs 2021
SALES
    Product$265.3 76.7 %$251.1 74.3 %$14.2 
    Service80.5 23.3 %86.7 25.7 %(6.2)
    Total sales345.8 100.0 %337.8 100.0 %8.0 
COST OF SALES
    Product123.8 35.8 %109.0 32.3 %14.8 
    Service46.2 13.4 %44.9 13.3 %1.3 
    Total cost of sales170.0 49.2 %153.9 45.6 %16.1 
GROSS PROFIT175.8 50.8 %183.9 54.4 %(8.1)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative146.7 42.4 %136.2 40.3 %10.5 
Research and development49.4 14.3 %48.8 14.4 %0.6 
Restructuring costs4.6 1.3 %7.4 2.2 %(2.8)
Total operating expenses200.7 58.0 %192.4 57.0 %8.3 
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(24.9)(7.2)%(8.5)(2.5)%(16.4)
Other (income) expense, net(3.3)(1.0)%0.1 — %(3.4)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)(21.6)(6.2)%(8.6)(2.5)%(13.0)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)5.1 1.5 %31.4 9.3 %(26.3)
NET (LOSS) INCOME$(26.8)(7.7)%$(40.0)(11.8)%$13.2 

Consolidated Results
Sales. Total sales increased by $8.0 million, or 2.4%, to $345.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $337.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Total product sales increased by $14.2 million, or 5.6%, to $265.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $251.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in product sales is primarily due to our current year acquisition, GeoSLAM, as its product sales are not included in the prior year, as well as global demand for our new Quantum Max Arm products. Service sales decreased by $6.2 million, or 7.2%, to $80.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $86.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Foreign exchange rates had a negative impact on sales of $20.4 million, or 6.0 percentage points, primarily due to the weakening of the Euro, Yen and Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar in the current period as compared to the foreign exchange rates applicable in the prior period.
Gross profit. Gross profit decreased by $8.2 million, or 4.4%, to $175.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $183.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Gross margin decreased to 50.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 54.4% in the prior year period. Gross margin from product revenue decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 53.3% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 56.6% in the prior year period. This decrease in gross margin from product revenue was primarily due to unfavorable cost variances as a result of global supply shortages. We expect continued unfavorable price variances until global supply and cost conditions normalize. Gross margin from service revenue decreased by 5.6 percentage points to 42.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 48.2% for the prior year period, primarily due to the aforementioned decrease in service sales with relatively consistent fixed costs.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased by $10.5 million, or 7.7%, to $146.7 million, for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $136.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily driven by higher personnel costs resulting from additional headcount obtained from our recent acquisitions, base compensation increases and transaction costs for the GeoSLAM acquisition. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 42.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 40.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased $0.6 million, or 1.3%, to $49.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $48.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily driven by higher compensation expense resulting from increased engineering headcount and costs to accelerate new product development. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 14.3% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 14.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Restructuring costs. In February 2020, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to improve business effectiveness, streamline operations and achieve a stated target cost level for the Company as a whole. Restructuring costs included in operating expenses decreased by $2.8 million, or 37.4% to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was driven primarily by reduced severance and related benefits charges and professional fees as we conclude the Restructuring Plan and completed our transition to our third-party contract manufacturer, Sanmina.
Other (income) expense, net. Other expense was $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily driven by foreign currency transaction gains.
Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $5.1 million compared with an income tax expense of $31.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our effective tax rate was 23.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 366.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021. The change was primarily due to a $26.5 million expense attributable to a valuation allowance against US and certain other jurisdictions deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net (loss) income. Net loss was $26.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared with net loss of $40.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, reflecting the impact of the factors described above.

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2021 Compared to 2020
 Years ended December 31,
20212020Change ($)
(dollars in millions)% of Sales% of Sales2021 vs 2020
SALES
    Product$251.1 74.3 %$218.6 72.0 %$32.5 
    Service86.7 25.7 %85.2 28.0 %1.5 
    Total sales337.8 100.0 %303.8 100.0 %34.0 
COST OF SALES
    Product109.0 32.3 %98.9 32.5 %10.2 
    Service44.9 13.3 %45.1 14.8 %(0.2)
    Total cost of sales153.9 45.6 %143.9 47.4 %10.0 
GROSS PROFIT183.9 54.4 %159.8 52.6 %24.1 
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative136.2 40.3 %131.8 43.4 %4.4 
Research and development48.8 14.4 %42.9 14.1 %5.9 
Restructuring costs7.4 2.2 %15.8 5.2 %(8.4)
Total operating expenses192.4 57.0 %190.5 62.7 %1.9 
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(8.5)(2.5)%(30.7)(10.1)%22.2 
Other expense0.1 — %0.1 — %— 
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)(8.6)(2.5)%(30.8)(10.1)%22.2 
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)31.4 9.3 %(31.4)(10.3)%62.8 
NET (LOSS) INCOME$(40.0)(11.8)%$0.6 0.2 %$(40.6)

 Years ended December 31,
20212020Change ($)
(dollars in millions)% of Sales% of Sales2021 vs 2020
SALES
    Product$251.1 74.3 %$218.6 72.0 %$32.5 
    Service86.7 25.7 %85.2 28.0 %1.5 
Total sales337.8 100.0 %303.8 100.0 %34.0 
COST OF SALES
    Product109.0 32.3 %98.9 32.5 %10.2 
    Service44.9 13.3 %45.1 14.8 %(0.2)
Total cost of sales153.9 45.6 %143.9 47.4 %10.0 
GROSS PROFIT183.9 54.4 %159.8 52.6 %24.1 
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative136.2 40.3 %131.8 43.4 %4.4 
Research and development48.8 14.4 %42.9 14.1 %5.9 
Restructuring costs7.4 2.2 %15.8 5.2 %(8.4)
Total operating expenses192.4 57.0 %190.5 62.7 %1.9 
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(8.5)(2.5)%(30.7)(10.1)%22.2 
Other expense0.1 — %0.1 — %— 
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX (BENEFIT) EXPENSE(8.6)(2.5)%(30.7)(10.1)%22.1 
INCOME TAX (BENEFIT) EXPENSE31.4 9.3 %(31.4)(10.3)%62.8 
NET INCOME (LOSS)$(40.0)(11.8)%$0.6 0.2 %$(40.6)
Consolidated Results
Sales. Total sales increased by $34.0 million, or 11.2%, to $337.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $303.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Total product sales increased by $32.5 million, or 14.9%, to $251.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $218.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in product sales is primarily due to the recovery from the economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected the prior year. Service revenue increased by $1.5 million, or 1.8%, to $86.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 remaining fairly consistent with the $85.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Foreign exchange rates had a positive impact on sales of $4.1 million, or 1.3 percentage points, primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro and the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar.dollar in the current period as compared to the foreign exchange rates applicable in the prior period.
Gross profit. Gross profit increased by $24.1 million, or 15.1%, to $183.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $159.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Gross margin increased to 54.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 52.6% in the prior year period. Gross margin from product revenue increased by 1.8 percentage points to 56.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 54.8% in the prior year period. This increase in gross margin from product revenue was primarily due to change in product mix, and the favorable impact of the recovery from the economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected our product fixed cost absorption in the prior year, partially offset by unfavorable price variances of purchased materials in the current year due to global supply shortages. Gross margin from service revenue increased by 1.1 percentage points to 48.2% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 47.1% for the prior year period, primarily due to a reduction in departmental costs as a result of the Restructuring Plan.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased by $4.4 million, or 3.3%, to $136.2 million, for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $131.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was driven primarily by an increase in selling commission expense due to higher global sales and an increase in travel expense as there were pandemic stay-at-home orders in the prior year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 40.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 43.4% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased $5.9 million, or 13.7%, to $48.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $42.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily driven by higher compensation expense resulting from increased engineering headcount and costs to accelerate new product development. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 14.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 14.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Restructuring costs. In February 2020, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to improve business effectiveness, streamline operations and achieve a stated target cost level for the Company as a whole. Restructuring costs included in operating expenses decreased by $8.4 million, or 53.4% to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $15.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was driven primarily by a reduction in severance and related benefit charges from lower headcount reduction in the current year.
Other expense. Other expense was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $31.4 million compared with an income tax benefit of $31.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our effective tax rate was (366.8)% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 102.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change was primarily due to a $26.5 million expense attributable to a valuation allowance against US and certain other jurisdictions deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to a deferred tax asset benefit of $19.2 million pursuant to an intra-entity transfer of certain intellectual property rights (“IP Rights”), based on the fair value of the IP rights transferred in December 2020.

Net (loss) income. Net loss was $40.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared with net income of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, reflecting the impact of the factors described above.

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2020 Compared to 2019
 Years ended December 31,
20202019Change ($)
(dollars in millions)% of Sales% of Sales2020 vs 2019
SALES
    Product$218.6 72.0 %$289.7 75.9 %$(71.1)
    Service85.2 28.0 %92.1 24.1 %(6.9)
Total sales303.8 100.0 %381.8 100.0 %(78.0)
COST OF SALES
    Product98.9 32.5 %133.2 34.9 %(34.4)
    Service45.1 14.8 %50.4 13.2 %(5.3)
Total cost of sales143.9 47.4 %183.6 48.1 %(39.7)
GROSS PROFIT159.8 52.6 %198.1 51.9 %(38.3)
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative131.8 43.4 %177.4 46.5 %(45.6)
Research and development42.9 14.1 %44.2 11.6 %(1.3)
Restructuring costs15.8 5.2 %— — %15.8 
Impairment loss— — %35.2 9.2 %(35.2)
Total operating expenses190.5 62.7 %256.8 67.3 %(66.3)
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(30.7)(10.1)%(58.7)(15.4)%28.0 
Other expense0.1 — %2.4 0.6 %(2.3)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX (BENEFIT) EXPENSE(30.8)(10.1)%(61.0)(16.0)%30.2 
INCOME TAX (BENEFIT) EXPENSE(31.4)(10.3)%1.1 0.3 %(32.5)
NET INCOME (LOSS)$0.6 0.2 %$(62.1)(16.3)%$62.7 
Consolidated Results
Sales. Total sales decreased by $78.0 million, or 20.4%, to $303.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $381.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Total product sales decreased by $71.1 million, or 24.5%, to $218.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $289.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our product sales decreased due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other fluctuations in market conditions. Service sales decreased by $6.9 million, or 7.5%, to $85.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $92.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other fluctuations in market conditions. Foreign exchange rates had a positive impact on sales of $0.7 million, reducing our overall sales decline by approximately 0.2 percentage points, primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Gross profit. Gross profit decreased by $38.3 million, or 19.3%, to $159.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $198.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Gross margin increased to 52.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 51.9% in the prior year period. Gross margin from product revenue increased by 0.8 percentage points to 54.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 54.0% in the prior year period. This increase in gross margin from product revenue was primarily due to 2019 including a $12.8 million increase in our reserve for excess and obsolete inventory recorded in connection with our strategic decisions to simplify our hardware and software product portfolio and cease selling certain products. Gross margin from service revenue increased by 1.8 percentage points to 47.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 45.3% for the prior year period, primarily due to a reduction in departmental costs as a result of the Restructuring Plan.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses decreased by $45.6 million, or 25.7%, to $131.8 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $177.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was driven primarily by decreased salaries and wages and other cost savings initiatives to reduce non-personnel costs that resulted from the Restructuring Plan. Additionally, a decrease in selling commission expense and travel expense was driven by reduced global sales and pandemic stay-at-home orders, respectively. SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 43.4% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 46.5% for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses decreased $1.3 million, or 2.9%, to $42.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $44.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was mainly driven by a decrease in purchased technology intangible amortization expense as a result of the impairment of certain intangible assets in connection with the Restructuring Plan. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 14.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020 from 11.6% for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Restructuring costs. In February 2020, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to improve business effectiveness, streamline operations and achieve a stated target cost level for the Company as a whole. Restructuring costs included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $15.8 million primarily consisting of severance and related benefits charges.
Impairment loss. As a result of our annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment test performed in the prior year, we recorded an impairment loss of $35.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, which included $21.2 million in goodwill, $10.5 million in intangible assets associated with recent acquisitions, $1.4 million in intangible assets related to capitalized patents, and $2.1 million in other asset write-downs. There were no similar impairments in 2020.
Other expense. Other expense was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by the impairment charge related to our equity investment in present4D GmbH (“present4D”) recorded in the second quarter of 2019 and the impairment charge related to our note receivable due from present4D recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Income tax (benefit) expense. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $31.4 million compared with an income tax expense of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our effective tax rate was 102.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 1.9% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The change in income tax (benefit) expense was primarily due to the Company completing an intra-entity transfer of certain intellectual property rights (“IP Rights”) which resulted in the Company establishing a deferred tax asset benefit of $19.2 million, based on the fair value of the IP rights transferred in December 2020.

Net income (loss). Net income was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared with net loss of $62.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, reflecting the impact of the factors described above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $63.6$84.2 million to $37.8 million at December 31, 2022 from $122.0 million at December 31, 2021 from $185.6 million at December 31, 2020.2021. The decrease was primarily driven by net cash used in operating and investing activities. Cash used in operating activities was $13.5$24.9 million during the year ended December 31, 20212022 compared to $21.4$13.5 million of cash provided byused in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The change was due to changes in working capital accounts, primarily an increase in net accounts receivable from higher sales, a decrease in accounts payableprepaid expenses and accrued liabilities driven by the $12.3 million settlement of liability related to the GSA matter, as well as an increase in raw material inventories in preparation for our phased transition to our third party contract manufacturer, Sanmina.other assets.
Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 20212022 was $45.7$49.9 million compared with cash flows provided byused in investing activities of $13.9$45.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The change was primarily due to $33.8 million usedlarger investments in the acquisition of Holobuildertechnology development, patents and licenses during the year ended December 31, 2021, as2022, when compared to the maturity of U.S. Treasury Bills amounting to $25.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 without such activity during2021. Both years saw similar cash used in the year ended December 31, 2021.acquisition of businesses.
Cash flows provided byused in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 20212022 was $1.6$1.0 million compared with $11.1cash flows provided by financing activities of $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The change was primarily due to less proceeds from fewer exercises of stock options during the year ended December 31, 20212022 as compared to during the year ended December 31, 2020 .2021.
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Of our cash and cash equivalents, $95.2$31.1 million was held by foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021.2022. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, resulting in significant modifications to existing law, which included a transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company can repatriate foreign earnings and profits to the U.S. with minimal U.S. income tax consequences, other than the transition tax and global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) tax. The Company reinvested a large portion of its undistributed foreign earnings and profits in acquisitions and other investments and intends to bring back a portion of foreign cash in certain jurisdictions where the Company will not be subject to local withholding taxes and which were subject already to transition tax and GILTI tax.Also, the United States recently enacted the Inflation Reduction Act, which introduced a 15% minimum tax on book income and a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks.
On November 24, 2008, our Board of Directors approved a $30.0 million share repurchase program. Subsequently, in October 2015, our Board of Directors authorized an increase to the existing share repurchase program from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. In December 2018, our Board of Directors authorized management to utilize the share repurchase program, beginning January 1, 2019, to maintain the number of our issued and outstanding shares to address the dilutive impact of stock options exercises and the settlement of restricted stock units. Acquisitions for the share repurchase program may be made from time to time at prevailing prices as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements and subject to market conditions and other factors under this program. The share repurchase program may be discontinued at any time. There is no expiration date or other restriction governing the period over which we can repurchase shares under the program. We made no stock repurchases during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 under this program. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had authorization to repurchase $18.3 million of the $50.0 million authorized by our Board of Directors under the existing share repurchase program.
On January 24, 2023, we issued an aggregate of $75 million principal amount of our 5.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 between our business and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee. The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the business. We believe that our working capital and anticipated cash flow from operations and our recent debt financing will be sufficient to fund our long-term liquidity operating requirements for at least the next 12 months.
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Inflation
Inflation did not have a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. However, we are closely monitoring the current economic climate and its continued impact on our business to adequately respond to price changes which may impact our profitability. In the second half of 2021, we observed raw material cost increases specifically amongst various electronic components we use in our products, and we expect to see the continued pressure on material cost through 2022 to impact our global businesses, worldwide. We have also observed salary pressures on existing and new headcount.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience, along with various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While for any given estimate or assumption made by our management that there may be other estimates or assumptions that are reasonable, we believe that, given the current facts and circumstances, it is unlikely that applying any such other reasonable estimate or assumption would materially impact the financial statements.
In response to the SEC's financial reporting release, FR-60, “Cautionary Advice Regarding Disclosure About Critical Accounting Policies,” we have selected our critical accounting policies for purposes of explaining the methodology used in our calculation, in addition to any inherent uncertainties pertaining to the possible effects on our financial condition. The critical policies discussed below are our processes of recognizing revenue, the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory, income taxes, the reserve for warranties, goodwill impairment, business combinations and stock-based compensation. These policies affect current assets, current liabilities and operating results and are therefore critical in assessing our financial and operating status. These policies involve certain assumptions that, if incorrect, could have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial position.
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Revenue Recognition

For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, which represent promises within an arrangement that are capable of being distinct, we allocate revenue to all distinct performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”). When available, we use observable prices to determine the SSP. When observable prices are not available, SSPs are established that reflect our best estimates of what the selling prices of the performance obligations would be if they were sold regularly on a standalone basis.
Revenue related to our measurement and imaging equipment and related software is generally recognized upon shipment from our facilities or when delivered to the customer's location, as determined by the agreed upon shipping terms, at which time we are entitled to payment and title and control has passed to the customer. Fees billed to customers associated with the
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distribution of products are classified as revenue. We generally warrant our products against defects in design, materials and workmanship for one year. A provision for estimated future costs relating to warranty expense is recorded when products are shipped. To support our product lines, we also sell hardware service contracts that typically range from one year to three years. Hardware service contract revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Costs relating to hardware service contracts are recognized as incurred. Revenue from sales of licensed software only is recognized when no further significant production, modification or customization of the software is required and when the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer. These software arrangements generally include short-term maintenance that is considered post-contract support (“PCS”), which is considered to be a separate performance obligation. We generally establish a standalone sales price for this PCS component based on our software maintenance contract renewals. Software maintenance contracts, when sold, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenue from sales of subscription based software are recognized as such services are performed and are deferred when billed in advance of the performance of services. Revenues resulting from sales of comprehensive support, training and technology consulting services are recognized as such services are performed and are deferred when billed in advance of the performance of services. Payment for products and services is collected within a short period of time following transfer of control or commencement of delivery of services, as applicable. Revenues are presented net of sales-related taxes.
Reserve for Excess and Obsolete Inventory
Because the value of inventory that will ultimately be realized cannot be known with exact certainty, we rely upon both past sales history and future sales forecasts to provide a basis for the determination of the reserve. Inventory is considered potentially obsolete if we have withdrawn those products from the market or had no sales of the product for the past 12 months and have no sales forecasted for the next 12 months. Inventory is considered potentially excess if the quantity on hand exceeds 12 months of expected remaining usage. The resulting obsolete and excess parts are then reviewed to determine if a substitute usage or a future need exists. Items without an identified current or future usage are reserved in an amount equal to 100% of the first-in first-out cost of such inventory. Our products are subject to changes in technologies that may make certain of our products or their components obsolete or less competitive, which may increase our historical provisions to the reserve. We review these assumptions regularly for all of our inventories which include sales demonstration and service inventories.
Income Taxes
We review our deferred tax assets on a regular basis to evaluate their recoverability based upon expected future reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projections of future taxable income, and tax planning strategies that we might employ to utilize such assets, including net operating loss carryforwards. Based on the positive and negative evidence of recoverability, we establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred assets of a taxing jurisdiction in which we operate, unless it is “more likely than not” that we will recover such assets through the above means. Our evaluation of the need for the valuation allowance is significantly influenced by our ability to achieve profitability and our ability to predict and achieve future projections of taxable income.
Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of operating a global business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. We establish provisions for income taxes when, despite the belief that tax positions are fully supportable, there remain certain positions that do not meet the minimum probability threshold as described by FASB ASC Topic 740, which is a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority. In the ordinary course of business, we are examined by various federal, state, and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the potential outcome of these examinations and any future examinations for the current or prior years in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. We assess the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjust the income tax provision, the current tax liability and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that gave rise to a revision become known.
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Reserve for Warranties
We establish at the time of sale a liability for the one-year warranty included with the initial purchase price of our products, based upon an estimate of the repair expenses likely to be incurred for the warranty period. The warranty period is measured in installation-months for each major product group. The warranty reserve is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The warranty expense is estimated by applying the actual total repair expenses for each product group in the prior period and determining a rate of repair expense per installation-month. This repair rate is multiplied by the number of installation-months of warranty for each product group to determine the provision for warranty expenses for the period. We evaluate our exposure to warranty costs at the end of each period using the estimated expense per installation-month for each major product group, the number of units remaining under warranty, and the remaining number of months each unit will be under warranty. We have a history of new product introductions and enhancements to existing products, which may result in unforeseen issues that increase our warranty costs. While such expenses have historically been within expectations, we cannot guarantee this will continue in the future.
Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill represents the excess cost of a business acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We do not amortize goodwill; however, we perform an annual review each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist (i.e., that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value), to determine if the carrying value of the recorded goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets is impaired.
Each period, we can elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. If we believe, as a result of our qualitative assessment, that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment option, or if the qualitative assessment was performed and resulted in the Company being unable to conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is greater than its carrying amount, we will perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. We perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow method and market approach method, and then comparing the respective fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we impair goodwill for the excess amount of the reporting unit compared to its fair value, not to be reduced below zero. Management concluded there was no goodwill impairment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. However, during 2019 as a result of this test and under our historical reporting unit structure, the estimated fair value of each of the Photonics reporting unit, which included goodwill recognized with the Instrument Associates, LLC d/b/a Nutfield Technology (“Nutfield”), Laser Control Systems Limited (“Laser Control Systems”) and Lanmark Controls, Inc. (“Lanmark”) acquisitions, and the 3D Design reporting unit, which included goodwill recognized with the acquisition of Opto-Tech SRL and its subsidiary Open Technologies SRL (collectively, “Open Technologies”), were determined to be significantly less than the carrying value of such reporting unit, indicating a full impairment. This impairment was driven primarily by historical and projected financial performance lower than our expectations and changes in our go-forward strategy in connection with our new strategic plan.
Business Combinations
We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based generally on their fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows, which include consideration of future growth rates and margins, customer attrition rates, future changes in technology and brand awareness, loyalty and position, and discount rates. Critical estimates are also made in valuing contingent considerations, which represent arrangements to pay former owners based on the satisfaction of performance criteria. Fair value estimates are based on the assumptions management believes a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available.
Stock-Based Compensation
We measure and record compensation expense using the applicable accounting guidance for share-based payments related to stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and market-based awards granted to our directors and employees. The fair value of stock options, including performance awards, without a market condition is determined by using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of restricted stock units and stock options with a market condition is
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estimated, at the date of grant, using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. In valuing our stock options, significant judgment is required in determining the expected volatility of our common stock and the expected life that individuals will hold their stock options prior to exercising. Expected volatility for stock options is based on the historical and implied volatility of our own common stock while the volatility for our restricted stock units with a market condition is based on the historical volatility of our own stock and the stock of companies within our defined peer group. The expected life of stock options is derived from the historical actual term of option grants and
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an estimate of future exercises during the remaining contractual period of the option. While volatility and estimated life are assumptions that do not bear the risk of change subsequent to the grant date of stock options, these assumptions may be difficult to measure, as they represent future expectations based on historical experience. Further, our expected volatility and expected life may change in the future, which could substantially change the grant-date fair value of future awards of stock options and, ultimately, the expense we record. The fair value of restricted stock, including performance awards, without a market condition is estimated using the current market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We elect to account for forfeitures related to the service condition-based awards as they occur.
We expense stock-based compensation for stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance awards over the requisite service period. For awards with only a service condition, we expense stock-based compensation using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with both performance and service conditions, we expense the stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award, taking into account the probability that we will satisfy the performance condition. Furthermore, we expense awards with a market condition over the three-year vesting period regardless of the value that the award recipients ultimately receive.
Our non-employee directors may elect to have their annual cash retainers and annual equity retainers paid in the form of deferred stock units pursuant to the 20142022 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2018 Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan.Plan, as amended. Each deferred stock unit represents the right to receive one share of our common stock upon the non-employee director's separation of service from the Company. We record compensation cost associated with our deferred stock units over the period of service.
Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13, and subsequent related amendments to ASU 2016-13, replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We adopted ASU 2016-13 effective as of January 1, 2020, and the adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes which amends and aims to simplify accounting disclosure requirements regarding a number of topics including: intraperiod tax allocation, accounting for deferred taxes when there are changes in consolidation of certain investments, tax basis step up in an acquisition and the application of effective rate changes during interim periods, amongst other improvements. We adopted ASU 2019-12 effective as of January 1, 2021, and the adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Asset and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers which intends to simplify the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination and to also remove inconsistencies in this topic related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU No. 2021-08 allows an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in a similar manner to how they are recorded on the acquiree's financial statements at book value. Early adoption is permitted and we early adopted ASU No. 2021-08 in the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result of the early adoption of ASU No.2021-08 we recorded the deferred revenue associated with the acquisition of Holobuilder at its book value of approximately $4.0 million.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Exchange Exposure
We conduct a significant portion of our business outside the United States. In 2021, 62%2022, 60% of our revenue was invoiced, and a significant portion of our operating expenses were paid, in foreign currencies. At December 31, 2021, 46%2022, 45% of our assets were denominated in foreign currencies. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currencies may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and could specifically result in foreign exchange gains and losses. The impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on the results of our operations cannot be accurately predicted due to the constantly changing exposure to various currencies, the fact that all foreign currencies do not react in the same manner in relation to the U.S. dollar and the number of currencies involved, although our most significant exposures are to the Euro, Swiss franc, Japanese yen, Chinese renminbi and Brazilian real. To the extent that the percentage of our non-U.S. dollar revenues derived from international sales increases in the future, our exposure to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may increase. We are aware of the availability of off-balance sheet financial instruments to hedge exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, including cross-currency swaps, forward contracts and foreign currency options. However, weNo such instruments were utilized by the Company in 2022, 2021 or 2020. We have not used suchhedging instruments in the past as fluctuations in exchange rate on our revenue were mostly offset by those same fluctuations in exchange rate on our expenses, providing a natural hedge in foreign jurisdictions. Our exchange rate exposure may change as a result of our current or future operational strategies and none were utilizedwe will continue assessing the appropriateness of hedging for our business.
Global Inflation Exposure
General inflation in 2021, 2020the United States, Europe and other geographies has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades. General inflation, including rising prices for our raw materials and other inputs as well as rising salaries, negatively impact our business by increasing our cost of sales and operating expenses. A period of a rising rate of inflation also negatively impacts our business by decreasing the capital for our customers to deploy to purchase our products and services. Inflation may cause our customers to reduce or 2019.delay orders for our goods and services thereby causing a decrease in sales of our products and services. The impact of future inflation fluctuations on the results of our operations cannot be accurately predicted.
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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
FARO Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FARO Technologies, Inc. (a Florida corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Companyas of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and the results of itsoperations and itscash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 16, 202215, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinionsopinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory
As described further in Note 1 to the financial statements, the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory is established utilizing the Company’s past sales history and future sales forecasts. Inventory is considered to be potentially obsolete if the product has been withdrawn from the market or the product had no sales for the past 12 months and the product has no sales forecasted for the next 12 months. Inventory is considered potentially excess if the quantity on hand exceeds 12 months of expected usage. The resulting excess and obsolete items are then reviewed to determine if a substitute usage or a future need exists, and items without an identified current or future usage are reserved in an amount equal to 100% of the first-in first-out cost of the inventory. We identified the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory as a critical audit matter.

The principal considerationfor our determination that the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was a critical audit matter was the high risk of estimation uncertainty due to significant judgments in management’s analysis, which included management’s assessment of current and future usage of identified potentially excess and obsolete inventory. Management’s assessment was based on qualitative and quantitative factors, such as the impact from competitors, impact of competing
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products, product market acceptance, introduction of newer product offerings, product failures, dependence on suppliers for materials, and other considerations evaluated by management in making its assessment of excess and obsolete inventories.

Our audit procedures related to the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory included the following, among others:others:

•We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls relating to the excess and obsolete reserve.
•We tested the calculation of current inventories within the excess and obsolete reserve by recalculating the analysis of the previous 12 months' usage and evaluating the reasonableness of forecasted sales.
•WeFor a selection of items, we tested the significant assumptions made by management for not reserving potentially excess and obsolete inventory. As part of our procedures, we obtained and inspected corroborating information to support the expected future usage, which included evidence such as forecasts of future sales, evaluation of product repair rates,historical usage, outstanding products in the field, as well asand need for replacement parts. We also inquired if any outstanding purchase orders from customers, or any other relevant evidence was available to corroborate management’s assertions, as applicable.

Income taxes
As described further in Note 11 to the financial statements, the Company is a multinational corporation that is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s effective tax rate is directly impacted by the application of complex tax laws and regulations, which are highly dependent upon the geographic mix of worldwide earnings or losses, the tax regulations in each country or geographic region, and the availability of tax credit and loss carryforwards. In addition, the realization of the Company’s U.S. based deferred tax assets is based on the weight of positive and negative evidence of recoverability, which includes projections of future taxable income, reversals of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies. We identified the completeness of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation, net of the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets as critical audit matters.

The principal consideration for our determination that the completeness of the foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation, net of the Company’s U.S. based deferred tax assets were critical audit matters was due to the multinational presence of the Company in numerous foreign jurisdictions, with varying complex tax laws and regulations. These rules may be subject to interpretation depending on the jurisdiction and may involve significant management judgment. In addition, there is a high risk of estimation uncertainty due to significant management judgment related to recording a valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets, which may be based on various forms of positive and negative evidence as well as prospective financial information. The audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained.

Our audit procedures related to the completeness of foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance for the U.S. deferred tax assets included the following, amongst others:

•We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the key controls relating to the foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities calculations. We also evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls related to the development of future earnings and assumptions around the timing of reversals of existing taxable temporary differences within the U.S. jurisdiction. We also tested management’s controls around the review of the completeness and accuracy of the qualitative and quantitative valuation allowance analysis.
•We involved tax specialists to assess a selection of significant foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities and perform procedures over selected foreign deferred tax assets and liabilities calculations for completeness and accuracy.
•We involved tax specialists to test a selection of the Company’s assumptions regarding its geographic mix of worldwide earnings or losses.
•We tested the Company’s analysis of recoverability of its U.S. based deferred tax assets, including the assessment of the weight of the positive and negative evidence evaluated by management.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

Orlando,Jacksonville, Florida
February 16, 202215, 2023

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)December 31, 2021December 31, 2020(in thousands, except share and per share data)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assets:Current assets:Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$121,989 $185,633 Cash and cash equivalents$37,812 $121,989 
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net78,523 64,616 Accounts receivable, net90,326 78,523 
Inventories, netInventories, net53,145 47,391 Inventories, net50,026 53,145 
Prepaid expenses and other current assetsPrepaid expenses and other current assets19,793 26,295 Prepaid expenses and other current assets41,201 19,793 
Total current assetsTotal current assets273,450 323,935 Total current assets219,365 273,450 
Non-current assets:Non-current assets:Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, netProperty, plant and equipment, net22,194 23,091 Property, plant and equipment, net19,720 22,194 
Operating lease right-of-use assetOperating lease right-of-use asset22,543 26,107 Operating lease right-of-use asset18,989 22,543 
GoodwillGoodwill82,096 57,541 Goodwill107,155 82,096 
Intangible assets, netIntangible assets, net25,616 13,301 Intangible assets, net48,978 25,616 
Service and sales demonstration inventory, netService and sales demonstration inventory, net30,554 31,831 Service and sales demonstration inventory, net30,904 30,554 
Deferred income tax assets, netDeferred income tax assets, net21,277 47,450 Deferred income tax assets, net24,192 21,277 
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets2,010 2,336 Other long-term assets4,044 2,010 
Total assetsTotal assets$479,740 $525,592 Total assets$473,347 $479,740 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:Current liabilities:Current liabilities:
Accounts payableAccounts payable$14,199 $14,121 Accounts payable$27,286 $14,199 
Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities28,208 42,593 Accrued liabilities23,345 28,208 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable4,499 3,442 Income taxes payable6,767 4,499 
Current portion of unearned service revenuesCurrent portion of unearned service revenues40,838 39,149 Current portion of unearned service revenues36,407 40,838 
Customer depositsCustomer deposits5,399 2,807 Customer deposits6,725 5,399 
Lease liabilityLease liability5,738 5,835 Lease liability5,709 5,738 
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities98,881 107,947 Total current liabilities106,239 98,881 
Unearned service revenues - less current portionUnearned service revenues - less current portion22,350 21,757 Unearned service revenues - less current portion20,947 22,350 
Lease liability - less current portionLease liability - less current portion18,648 22,131 Lease liability - less current portion14,649 18,648 
Deferred income tax liabilitiesDeferred income tax liabilities1,058 787 Deferred income tax liabilities11,708 1,058 
Income taxes payable - less current portionIncome taxes payable - less current portion11,297 11,583 Income taxes payable - less current portion8,706 11,297 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities1,047 1,084 Other long-term liabilities49 1,047 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities153,281 165,289 Total liabilities162,298 153,281 
Commitments and contingencies - See Note 12Commitments and contingencies - See Note 1200Commitments and contingencies - See Note 12
Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock - par value $0.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issuedPreferred stock - par value $0.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued— — Preferred stock - par value $0.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued— — 
Common stock - par value $0.001, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 19,588,003 and 19,384,350 issued; 18,205,636 and 17,990,707 outstanding, respectively20 19 
Common stock - par value $0.001, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 20,156,233 and 19,588,003 issued; 18,780,013 and 18,205,636 outstanding, respectivelyCommon stock - par value $0.001, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 20,156,233 and 19,588,003 issued; 18,780,013 and 18,205,636 outstanding, respectively20 20 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital301,061 287,979 Additional paid-in capital328,227 301,061 
Retained earningsRetained earnings73,544 113,508 Retained earnings46,788 73,544 
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(17,374)(10,160)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(33,331)(17,374)
Common stock in treasury, at cost - 1,382,367 and 1,393,643 shares held, respectively(30,792)(31,043)
Common stock in treasury, at cost - 1,376,220 and 1,382,367 shares held, respectivelyCommon stock in treasury, at cost - 1,376,220 and 1,382,367 shares held, respectively(30,655)(30,792)
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity326,459 360,303 Total shareholders’ equity311,049 326,459 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity$479,740 $525,592 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$473,347 $479,740 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)(in thousands, except share and per share data)202120202019(in thousands, except share and per share data)202220212020
SALESSALESSALES
ProductProduct$251,103 $218,587 $289,679 Product$265,280 $251,103 $218,587 
ServiceService86,711 85,181 92,086 Service80,485 86,711 85,181 
Total salesTotal sales337,814 303,768 381,765 Total sales345,765 337,814 303,768 
COST OF SALESCOST OF SALESCOST OF SALES
ProductProduct109,024 98,864 133,246 Product123,836 109,024 98,864 
ServiceService44,863 45,057 50,387 Service46,166 44,863 45,057 
Total cost of salesTotal cost of sales153,887 143,921 183,633 Total cost of sales170,002 153,887 143,921 
GROSS PROFITGROSS PROFIT183,927 159,847 198,132 GROSS PROFIT175,763 183,927 159,847 
OPERATING EXPENSESOPERATING EXPENSESOPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrativeSelling, general and administrative136,234 131,827 177,378 Selling, general and administrative146,657 136,234 131,827 
Research and developmentResearch and development48,761 42,896 44,175 Research and development49,415 48,761 42,896 
Restructuring costsRestructuring costs7,368 15,806 — Restructuring costs4,614 7,368 15,806 
Impairment loss— — 35,213 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses192,363 190,529 256,766 Total operating expenses200,686 192,363 190,529 
LOSS FROM OPERATIONSLOSS FROM OPERATIONS(8,436)(30,682)(58,634)LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(24,923)(8,436)(30,682)
OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME)
Interest income— (340)(714)
Other expense, net70 431 2,313 
Interest expense55 — 781 
OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSEOTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE
Other (income) expense, netOther (income) expense, net(3,236)70 431 
Interest (income) expenseInterest (income) expense(36)55 (340)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)(8,561)(30,773)(61,014)LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)(21,651)(8,561)(30,773)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)31,403 (31,402)1,133 INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)5,105 31,403 (31,402)
NET (LOSS) INCOMENET (LOSS) INCOME$(39,964)$629 $(62,147)NET (LOSS) INCOME$(26,756)$(39,964)$629 
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - BASICNET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - BASIC$(2.20)$0.04 $(3.58)NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - BASIC$(1.46)$(2.20)$0.04 
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - DILUTEDNET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - DILUTED$(2.20)$0.04 $(3.58)NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE - DILUTED$(1.46)$(2.20)$0.04 
Weighted average shares - BasicWeighted average shares - Basic18,187,946 17,769,958 17,383,415 Weighted average shares - Basic18,318,191 18,187,946 17,769,958 
Weighted average shares - DilutedWeighted average shares - Diluted18,187,946 17,926,324 17,383,415 Weighted average shares - Diluted18,318,191 18,187,946 17,926,324 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
(in thousands)(in thousands)202120202019(in thousands)202220212020
Net (loss) incomeNet (loss) income$(39,964)$629 $(62,147)Net (loss) income$(26,756)$(39,964)$629 
Currency translation adjustments, net of income taxCurrency translation adjustments, net of income tax(7,214)7,239 1,084 Currency translation adjustments, net of income tax(15,957)(7,214)7,239 
Comprehensive (loss) incomeComprehensive (loss) income$(47,178)$7,868 $(61,063)Comprehensive (loss) income$(42,713)$(47,178)$7,868 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021, 2020, AND 20192020
 
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Common
Stock in
Treasury		Total   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Common
Stock in
Treasury		Total
 Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained Earnings  Additional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained Earnings
Common Stock Common Stock
(in thousands, except share data)(in thousands, except share data)SharesAmounts(in thousands, except share data)SharesAmounts
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 201917,253,011 $19 $251,329 $175,353 $(18,483)$(31,609)$376,609 
Net loss(62,147)(62,147)
Currency translation adjustment, net of income tax1,084 1,084 
Stock-based compensation11,071 11,071 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes323,607 5,468 234 5,702 
Cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2014-09(327)(327)
BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 201917,576,618 $19 $267,868 $112,879 $(17,399)$(31,375)$331,992 
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 2020BALANCE JANUARY 1, 202017,576,618 $19 $267,868 $112,879 $(17,399)$(31,375)$331,992 
Net incomeNet income629 629 Net income629 629 
Currency translation adjustment, net of income taxCurrency translation adjustment, net of income tax7,239 7,239 Currency translation adjustment, net of income tax7,239 7,239 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation8,314 8,314 Stock-based compensation8,314 8,314 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxesCommon stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes414,089 11,797 332 12,129 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes414,089 11,797 332 12,129 
BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2020BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 202017,990,707 $19 $287,979 $113,508 $(10,160)$(31,043)$360,303 BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 202017,990,707 $19 $287,979 $113,508 $(10,160)$(31,043)$360,303 
Net lossNet loss(39,964)(39,964)Net loss(39,964)(39,964)
Currency translation adjustment, net of income taxCurrency translation adjustment, net of income tax(7,214)(7,214)Currency translation adjustment, net of income tax(7,214)(7,214)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation11,456 11,456 Stock-based compensation11,456 11,456 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxesCommon stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes214,929 1 1,626 251 1,878 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes214,929 1 1,626 251 1,878 
BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2021BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 202118,205,636 $20 $301,061 $73,544 $(17,374)$(30,792)$326,459 BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 202118,205,636 $20 $301,061 $73,544 $(17,374)$(30,792)$326,459 
Net lossNet loss(26,756)(26,756)
Currency translation adjustment, net of income taxCurrency translation adjustment, net of income tax(15,957)(15,957)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation13,317 13,317 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxesCommon stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes78,815 (2,029)137 (1,892)
Acquisition of businessAcquisition of business495,562 $15,878 15,878 
BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2022BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 202218,780,013 $20 $328,227 $46,788 $(33,331)$(30,655)$311,049 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)(in thousands)202120202019(in thousands)202220212020
CASH FLOWS FROM:CASH FLOWS FROM:CASH FLOWS FROM:
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:OPERATING ACTIVITIES:OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (loss) incomeNet (loss) income$(39,964)$629 $(62,147)Net (loss) income$(26,756)$(39,964)$629 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization13,396 14,239 18,516 Depreciation and amortization13,983 13,396 14,239 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation11,456 8,314 11,071 Stock-based compensation13,317 11,456 8,314 
Provision for bad debts (net of recoveries)Provision for bad debts (net of recoveries)176 440 2,090 Provision for bad debts (net of recoveries)163 176 440 
Loss on disposal of assetsLoss on disposal of assets218 383 2,639 Loss on disposal of assets156 218 383 
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory
2,297 1,349 16,886 Provision for excess and obsolete inventory
(68)2,297 1,349 
Impairment of goodwill— — 21,233 
Impairment of acquired intangibles— — 10,548 
Impairment of loan to affiliate— — 549 
Impairment of leasehold improvementsImpairment of leasehold improvements507 — — 
Impairment of intangiblesImpairment of intangibles1,135 — — 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)Deferred income tax expense (benefit)24,706 (28,444)(6,304)Deferred income tax expense (benefit)2,412 24,706 (28,444)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
(Increase) decrease in:(Increase) decrease in:(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable, netAccounts receivable, net(15,577)12,346 10,406 Accounts receivable, net(11,198)(15,577)12,346 
InventoriesInventories(6,706)10,343 (4,136)Inventories3,379 (6,706)10,343 
Prepaid expenses and other assetsPrepaid expenses and other assets5,996 3,862 1,188 Prepaid expenses and other assets(21,239)5,996 3,862 
(Decrease) increase in:(Decrease) increase in:(Decrease) increase in:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilitiesAccounts payable and accrued liabilities(13,260)2,390 (2,518)Accounts payable and accrued liabilities4,777 (13,260)2,390 
Income taxes payableIncome taxes payable847 (3,357)1,041 Income taxes payable(1,904)847 (3,357)
Customer depositsCustomer deposits2,627 (374)(30)Customer deposits1,343 2,627 (374)
Unearned service revenuesUnearned service revenues312 (726)11,436 Unearned service revenues(4,863)312 (726)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by operating activities(13,476)21,394 32,468 Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(24,856)(13,476)21,394 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:INVESTING ACTIVITIES:INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of investments— — (50,000)
Proceeds from sale of investmentsProceeds from sale of investments— 25,000 50,000 Proceeds from sale of investments— — 25,000 
Purchases of property and equipmentPurchases of property and equipment(7,035)(4,774)(6,675)Purchases of property and equipment(6,371)(7,035)(4,774)
Cash paid for technology development, patents and licensesCash paid for technology development, patents and licenses(4,905)(1,298)(2,118)Cash paid for technology development, patents and licenses(10,567)(4,905)(1,298)
Acquisition of business, net of cash received(33,800)(6,036)— 
Acquisitions of businesses and minority share investments, net of cash receivedAcquisitions of businesses and minority share investments, net of cash received(32,959)(33,800)(6,036)
OtherOther— 1,015 (549)Other— — 1,015 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by investing activities(45,740)13,907 (9,342)Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(49,897)(45,740)13,907 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:FINANCING ACTIVITIES:FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payments on capital leasesPayments on capital leases(296)(338)(358)Payments on capital leases(220)(296)(338)
Payments of contingent consideration for acquisitionsPayments of contingent consideration for acquisitions— (733)(3,101)Payments of contingent consideration for acquisitions— — (733)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awardsPayments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(4,002)(2,602)(2,199)Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(1,892)(4,002)(2,602)
Proceeds from issuance of stock related to stock option exercisesProceeds from issuance of stock related to stock option exercises5,880 14,731 7,901 Proceeds from issuance of stock related to stock option exercises— 5,880 14,731 
Net cash provided by financing activities1,582 11,058 2,243 
Short term debtShort term debt1,115 — — 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by financing activities(997)1,582 11,058 
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSEFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(6,010)5,640 (518)EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(8,427)(6,010)5,640 
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(63,644)51,999 24,851 (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS(84,177)(63,644)51,999 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEARCASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR185,633 133,634 108,783 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR121,989 185,633 133,634 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEARCASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR$121,989 $185,633 $133,634 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR37,812 121,989 185,633 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020
(in thousands, except share and per share data or as otherwise noted)

1.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business—FARO Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “FARO,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” or “our”) design, develop, manufacture, market and support software driven, three-dimensional (“3D”) measurement, imaging, and realization solutions for the 3D metrology, architecture, engineering and construction (“AEC”), Operations and Maintenance (“O&M”) and public safety analytics markets. We enable our customers to capture, measure, manipulate, interact with and share 3D and 2D data from the physical world in a virtual environment and then translate this information back into the physical domain. Our broad technology set equips our customers with a wide range of 3D capture technologies that range from ultra-high accuracy laser scanner basedlaser-scanner-based technology to lower accuracy, photogrammetry basedphotogrammetry-based technology. Our FARO suite of 3D products and software solutions are used for inspection of components and assemblies, rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, documenting large volume or structures in 3D, surveying and construction, construction management, assembly layout, machine guidance as well as in investigation and reconstructions of crash and crime scenes. We sell the majority of our solutions through a direct sales force, with an increasing volume being sold through an indirect channel across a range of industries including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, surveying, architecture, engineering and construction, public safety forensics and other industries.
Principles of Consolidation—Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FARO Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at period-end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from financial statement translations are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net income (loss).
Revenue Recognition, Product Warranty and Extended Warranty Contracts—Revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for satisfaction of those performance obligations, or standalone selling price. Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenues to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We make this allocation estimate utilizing data from the sale of our applicable products and services to customers separately in similar circumstances. Revenue related to our measurement and imaging equipment and related software is generally recognized upon shipment from our facilities or when delivered to the customer's location, as determined by the agreed upon shipping terms, at which time we are entitled to payment and title and control has passed to the customer. Fees billed to customers associated with the distribution of products are classified as revenue. We generally warrant our products against defects in design, materials and workmanship for one year. A provision for estimated future costs relating to warranty expense is recorded when products are shipped. To support our product lines, we also sell hardware service contracts which revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Hardware service contracts generally extend between one month and three years. Costs relating to hardware service contracts are recognized as incurred. Revenue from sales of commercial software licenses is only is recognized when no further significant production, modification or customization of the software is required and when the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer. These software arrangements generally include short-term maintenance that is considered post-contract support (“PCS”), which is considered to be a separate performance obligation. We generally establish a standalone sales price for this PCS component based on our software maintenance contract renewals. Software maintenance contracts, when sold, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenue from the sales of software subscriptions sold as a service are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Software subscriptions generally extend between one month and five years. Revenues resulting from sales of comprehensive support, training and technology consulting services are recognized as such services are performed and are deferred when billed in advance of the performance of services. Payment for products and services is collected within a short period of time following transfer of control or commencement of delivery of services, as applicable. Revenues are presented net of sales-related taxes.
Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider cash on hand and amounts on deposit with financial institutions with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. We had deposits with foreign banks totaling $95.2$31.1 million and $119.2$95.2 million as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively.
Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance for Credit Losses—Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 to
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90 days and are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for credit losses. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. We make judgments as to the collectability of accounts receivable based
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on historical trends and future expectations. Management estimates an allowance for credit losses, which adjusts gross trade accounts receivable to their net realizable value. The allowance for credit losses is based on an analysis of all receivables for possible impairment issues and historical write-off percentages. We write off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for credit losses. We do not generally charge interest on past due receivables.
Inventories—Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out (“FIFO”) method. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Sales demonstration inventory is comprised of measuring and imaging devices utilized by sales representatives to present our products to customers. Management expects sales demonstration inventory to be held by our sales representatives for up to three years, at which time it is refurbished and transferred to finished goods as used equipment, stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Management expects these refurbished units to remain in finished goods inventory and be sold within 12 months at prices that produce reduced gross margins. Sales demonstration inventory remains classified as inventory, as it is available for sale and any required refurbishment prior to sale is minimal.
Service inventory is typically used to provide a temporary replacement product to a customer covered by a premium warranty when the customer’s unit requires service or repair and as training equipment. Service inventory is available for sale; however, management does not expect service inventory to be sold within 12 months and, as such, classifies this inventory as a long-term asset. Service inventory that we utilize for training or repairs which we deem as no longer available for sale is transferred to fixed assets at the lower of cost or net realizable value and depreciated over its remaining useful life, typically three years. See Note 5, “Inventories” for further information regarding inventories.
Reserve for Excess and Obsolete Inventory—Because the value of inventory that will ultimately be realized cannot be known with exact certainty, we rely upon both past sales history and future sales forecasts to provide a basis for the determination of the reserve. Inventory is considered potentially obsolete if we have withdrawn those products from the market or had no sales of the product for the past 12 months and have no sales forecasted for the next 12 months. Inventory is considered potentially excess if the quantity on hand exceeds 12 months of expected remaining usage. The resulting potentially obsolete and excess parts are then reviewed to determine if a substitute usage or a future need exists. Items without an identified current or future usage are reserved in an amount equal to 100% of the FIFO cost of such inventory. Our products are subject to changes in technologies that may make certain of our products or their components obsolete or less competitive, which may increase our historical provisions to the reserve. We review these assumptions regularly for all of our inventories which include sales demonstration and service inventories.
Property and Equipment—Property and equipment purchases exceeding 1000two thousand five hundred dollars are capitalized and recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed beginning on the date that the asset is placed into service using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets as follows:
Machinery, equipment and software2 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures3 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the life of the asset or the remaining term of the lease.
Depreciation expense was $8.3 million, $9.2 million and $10.8 million in 2022, 2021 and $13.0 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Accelerated methods of depreciation are used for income tax purposes in contrast to book purposes, and as a result, appropriate provisions are made for the related deferred income taxes. Balances of major classes of depreciable assets and total accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 are as follows:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Property, plant and equipment:Property, plant and equipment:Property, plant and equipment:
Machinery and equipment Machinery and equipment$87,028 $91,984  Machinery and equipment$91,490 $87,028 
Furniture and fixtures Furniture and fixtures6,377 6,620  Furniture and fixtures6,225 6,377 
Leasehold improvements Leasehold improvements22,931 21,414  Leasehold improvements20,738 22,931 
Property, plant and equipment at cost Property, plant and equipment at cost116,336 120,018  Property, plant and equipment at cost118,453 116,336 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(94,142)(96,927) Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(98,733)(94,142)
Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net$22,194 $23,091  Property, plant and equipment, net$19,720 $22,194 
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Business Combinations—We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based generally on their fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of these assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows, which include consideration of future growth rates and margins, customer attrition rates, future changes in technology and brand awareness, loyalty and position, and discount rates. Critical estimates are also made in valuing contingent considerations, which represent arrangements to pay former owners based on the satisfaction of performance criteria. Fair value estimates are based on the assumptions management believes a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Goodwill represents the excess cost of a business acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We do not amortize goodwill; however, we perform an annual review each year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist (i.e., that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value), to determine if the carrying value of the recorded goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets is impaired.
Each period, and for our single reporting unit, we can elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. If we believe, as a result of our qualitative assessment, that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit containing goodwill is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment option, or if the qualitative assessment was performed and resulted in the Company being unable to conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit containing goodwill is greater than its carrying amount, we will perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. We calculate the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow method and market approach method, and then comparing the respective fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we record the amount of the impairment loss, if any.
Management concluded there was no goodwill impairment for the yearyears ended December 31,2022, 2021 no goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $21.2 million impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2019.2020. We test goodwill for impairment annually on December 31 of each reporting year or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value. We performed our annual quantitative test of goodwill during 2022, 2021 and 2020 as of December 31. We changed the timing of our annual test of goodwill during 2019 to align with our updated strategic plan and annual budgetary process. Accordingly, we performed our annual quantitative test for impairment of our recorded goodwill as of December 10, 2019. As a result of this test, the estimated fair value of each of the Photonics reporting unit, which included goodwill recognized with the Instrument Associates, LLC d/b/a Nutfield Technology (“Nutfield”), Laser Control Systems Limited (“Laser Control Systems”) and Lanmark Controls, Inc. (“Lanmark”) acquisitions, and the 3D Design reporting unit, which included goodwill recognized with the acquisition of Opto-Tech SRL and its subsidiary Open Technologies SRL (collectively, “Open Technologies”), were determined to be significantly less than the carrying value of such reporting unit, indicating a full impairment. This $21.2 million impairment loss was driven primarily by historical and projected financial performance lower than our expectations and changes in our go-forward strategy in connection with our new strategic plan. See Note 6, “Goodwill” for further information regarding goodwill.
Other intangible assets principally include patents, existing product technology and customer relationships that arose in connection with our acquisitions. Other intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition and are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 20 years. As of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, there were no indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Product technology and patents are recorded at cost. Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the product technology and patents of 7 to 20 years.
Internally developed software exceeding 1000two thousand five hundred dollars are capitalized and recorded at cost. Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the internally developed software ranging between 1 to 5 years.
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The remaining weighted-average amortization period for all our intangible assets is 98 years.
As a result of historical and projected financial performance being lower thanan assessment over the current development strategy of our expectations and changesinternally developed software, we determined a shift in our go-forward strategy in connection with our new strategic plan, the estimated fair value of acquired intangibles recognized with the Nutfield, Laser Control Systems, Lanmark and Open Technologies acquisitions were determined to be less than the net carrying valuecurrent resources was necessary towards a more efficient path for such assets. Wesubscription based software. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge related to such acquired intangiblesconstruction-in-progress intangible assets of $10.5$1.1 million in 2019.2022. We recognized no impairment charges related to intangibles in 2021 or 2020. See Note 7, “Intangible Assets” for further information regarding intangible assets.
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Research and Development—Research and development costs incurred in the discovery of new knowledge and the resulting translation of this new knowledge into plans and designs for new products prior to the attainment of the related products’ technological feasibility are recorded as expenses in the period incurred. To date, the time incurred between the attainment of the related products' technological feasibility and general release to customers has been short. Research and development costs incurred relating to the development of internal-use software and website development, including software used to upgrade and enhance our websites and applications to be sold as a service are capitalized in the period incurred and amortized over 1 year to 5 years. These costs include external direct costs of materials and services and internal costs such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of new functionality in internal use software to be sold as a service. Any costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. The amount of costs capitalized during 2021 relating to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service was $5.4 million during 2022, $2.0 million during 2021 and no costs were capitalized in 2020. In 2022, we recognized $0.6 million in amortization expense related to these assets. No amounts were charged to amortization expense during 2021 2020 or 2019.2020. These capitalized costs, which total $7.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and zero as of December 31, 2020 are primarily included in net intangible assets in our consolidated balance sheet.
Reserve for Warranties—We establish at the time of sale a liability for the one-year warranty included with the initial purchase price of our products, based upon an estimate of the repair expenses likely to be incurred for the warranty period. The warranty period is measured in installation-months for each major product group. Installation-month is defined as the length of time measured in months that our purchased products are covered by our warranty. The warranty reserve is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The warranty expense is estimated by applying the actual total repair expenses for each product group in the prior period and determining a rate of repair expense per installation-month. This repair rate is multiplied by the number of installation-months of warranty for each product group to determine the provision for warranty expenses for the period. We evaluate our exposure to warranty costs at the end of each period using the estimated expense per installation-month for each major product group, the number of units remaining under warranty, and the remaining number of months each unit will be under warranty. We have a history of new product introductions and enhancements to existing products, which may result in unforeseen issues that increase our warranty costs. While such expenses have historically been within expectations, we cannot guarantee this will continue in the future.

Income Taxes—We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The objectives of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740 are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and to recognize the deferred tax assets and liabilities that relate to tax consequences in future years, which result from differences between the respective tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts and tax attribute carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the respective temporary differences or tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. We review our deferred tax assets on a regular basis to evaluate their recoverability based upon expected future reversals of deferred tax assets and liabilities, projections of future taxable income, and tax planning strategies that we might employ to utilize such assets, including net operating loss carryforwards. The realization of deferred tax assets is contingent upon the generation of future taxable income and other restrictions that may exist under the tax laws of the jurisdiction in which a deferred tax asset exists. We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of existing deferred tax assets. Management's evaluation begins with a jurisdictional review of cumulative gains or losses incurred over recent years. A significant piece of objective negative evidence exists when a jurisdiction has incurred cumulative losses over recent years. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth. Based on the positive and negative evidence for recoverability, we establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets of a taxing jurisdiction in which we operate unless it is “more likely than not” that we will recover such assets through the above means.
We recognize tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. For those positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. In the ordinary course of business, we are examined by various federal, state, and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the potential outcomes of these examinations and any future examinations for the current or prior years in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. See Note 11, “Income Taxes” for further information regarding income taxes.
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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (“EPS”)—Basic (loss) earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by also considering the impact of potential common stock on both net income and the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Our potential common stock consists of employee stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and market-based awards. Our potential common stock is excluded from the basic earnings per share calculation and is included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when doing so would not be anti-dilutive. Market-based awards are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share only to the extent that the underlying performance conditions (and any applicable market condition) (i) are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (ii) would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the related contingency period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method. When we report a loss for the period presented, the diluted loss per share calculation does not include our potential common stock, as the inclusion of these shares in the calculation would have an anti-dilutive effect. A reconciliation of the number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS is presented in Note 14, “(Loss) Earnings Per Share.”
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—We have 2one stock-based employee and director compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13, “Stock Compensation Plans.”
We measure and record compensation expense using the applicable accounting guidance for share-based payments related to stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and market-based awards granted to our directors and employees. The fair value of stock options, including performance awards, without a market condition is estimated, at the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards and stock options with a market condition is estimated, at the date of grant, using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. In valuing our stock options, significant judgment is required in determining the expected volatility of our common stock and the expected life that individuals will hold their stock options prior to exercising. Expected volatility for stock options is based on the historical and implied volatility of our own common stock while the volatility for our restricted stock units with a market condition is based on the historical volatility of our own stock and the stock of companies within our defined peer group. The expected life of stock options is derived from the historical actual term of option grants and an estimate of future exercises during the remaining contractual period of the option. While volatility and estimated life are assumptions that do not bear the risk of change subsequent to the grant date of stock options, these assumptions may be difficult to measure as they represent future expectations based on historical experience. Further, our expected volatility and expected life may change in the future, which could substantially change the grant-date fair value of future awards of stock options and, ultimately, the expense we record. The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units, including performance awards, without a market condition is estimated using the current market price of our common stock on the date of grant.
We expense stock-based compensation for stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards over the requisite service period. For awards with only a service condition, we expense stock-based compensation using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with both performance and service conditions, we expense the stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award, taking into account the probability that we will satisfy the performance conditions. Furthermore, we expense awards with a market condition over the three-year vesting period regardless of the value that the award recipients ultimately receive. All income tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments are reported as operating activities in the statement of cash flows in the deferred income tax benefit line item. We elect to account for forfeitures related to the service condition-based awards as they occur.
Concentration of Credit Risk—Financial instruments that expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of operating demand deposit accounts. Our policy is to place our operating demand deposit accounts with high credit quality financial institutions, the balances of which at times may exceed federally insured limits. We continually monitor our banking relationships and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on our operating demand deposit accounts.
Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards—In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13, and subsequent related amendments to ASU 2016-13, replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We adopted ASU 2016-13 effective as of January 1, 2020, and the adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes which amends and aims to simplify accounting disclosure requirements regarding a number of topics including: intraperiod tax allocation, accounting for deferred taxes when there are changes in consolidation of certain investments, tax basis step up in an acquisition and the application of effective rate changes during interim periods, amongst other improvements. We adopted ASU 2019-12 effective as of January 1, 2021, and the adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Asset and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers which intends to simplify the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination and to also remove inconsistencies in this topic related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU No. 2021-08 allows an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in a similar manner to how they are recorded on the acquiree's financial statements at book value. Early adoption is permitted and we early adopted ASU No. 2021-08 in the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result of the early adoption of ASU No.2021-08 we recorded the deferred revenue associated with the acquisition of Holobuilder at its book value of approximately $4.0 million. Our acquisition of GeoSLAM also recorded its opening deferred revenue at its book value of approximately $1.3 million.


2.    SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Selected cash payments and non-cash activities were as follows:
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Supplemental cash flow information:Supplemental cash flow information:Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interestCash paid for interest$1,186 $21 $6 Cash paid for interest$4 $1,186 $21 
Cash paid for income taxesCash paid for income taxes$4,365 $3,409 $5,498 Cash paid for income taxes$1,659 $4,365 $3,409 
Supplemental noncash investing and financing activities:Supplemental noncash investing and financing activities:Supplemental noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of service and sales demonstration inventory to fixed assetsTransfer of service and sales demonstration inventory to fixed assets$2,226 $1,688 $3,044 Transfer of service and sales demonstration inventory to fixed assets$175 $2,226 $1,688 
Assumption of contingent consideration from acquisitionAssumption of contingent consideration from acquisition$— $980 $— Assumption of contingent consideration from acquisition$— $— $980 
Purchases of Property, plant, equipment and Intangibles accrued but not paidPurchases of Property, plant, equipment and Intangibles accrued but not paid$754 $— $— Purchases of Property, plant, equipment and Intangibles accrued but not paid$157 $754 $— 

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3.    REVENUES

The following tables present our revenues by sales type as presented in our consolidated statements of operations disaggregated by the timing of transfer of goods or services (in thousands):
Years ended December 31,Years ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Product SalesProduct SalesProduct Sales
Products transferred to a customer at a point in time Products transferred to a customer at a point in time$234,188 $205,849 $277,841  Products transferred to a customer at a point in time$242,969 $234,188 $205,849 
Products transferred to a customer over time Products transferred to a customer over time16,915 12,738 11,838  Products transferred to a customer over time22,311 16,915 12,738 
$251,103 $218,587 $289,679 $265,280 $251,103 $218,587 
Years ended December 31,Years ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Service SalesService SalesService Sales
Service transferred to a customer at a point in time Service transferred to a customer at a point in time$39,559 $36,732 $48,593  Service transferred to a customer at a point in time$34,525 $39,559 $36,732 
Service transferred to a customer over time Service transferred to a customer over time47,152 48,449 43,493  Service transferred to a customer over time45,960 47,152 48,449 
$86,711 $85,181 $92,086 $80,485 $86,711 $85,181 

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the billing addresses of our customers (in thousands):
Years ended December 31,Years ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Total Sales to External CustomersTotal Sales to External CustomersTotal Sales to External Customers
Americas (1)
Americas (1)
$140,633 $128,826 $165,756 
Americas (1)
$154,422 $140,633 $128,826 
EMEA (1)
EMEA (1)
104,350 91,390 122,279 
EMEA (1)
98,174 104,350 91,390 
APAC (1)
APAC (1)
92,831 83,552 93,730 
APAC (1)
93,169 92,831 83,552 
$337,814 $303,768 $381,765 $345,765 $337,814 $303,768 

(1) Regions represent North America and South America (Americas); Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and the Asia-Pacific (APAC).
We capitalize commission expenses related to deliverables transferred to a customer over time and amortize such costs ratably over the term of the contract. As of December 31, 2022, the deferred cost asset related to deferred commissions was approximately $3.0 million. For classification purposes, $2.0 million and $1.0 million are comprised within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the deferred cost asset related to deferred commissions was approximately $3.5 million. For classification purposes, $2.3 million and $1.2 million are comprised within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the deferred cost asset related to deferred commissions was approximately $4.1 million. For classification purposes, $2.6 million and $1.5 million are comprised within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020.
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The unearned service revenue liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets reflect the contract liabilities to satisfy the remaining performance obligations for extended warranties, subscription based software and software maintenance. The current portion of unearned service revenues on our consolidated balance sheets is what we expect to recognize to revenue within twelve months after the applicable balance sheet date relating to extended warranty, subscription based software and software maintenance contract liabilities. The Unearned service revenues - less current portion on our consolidated balance sheets is what we expect to recognize to revenue extending beyond twelve months after the applicable balance sheet date relating to extended warranty, subscription based software and software maintenance contract liabilities. Customer deposits on our consolidated balance sheets represent customer prepayments on contracts for performance obligations that we must satisfy in the future to recognize the related contract revenue. These amounts are generally related to performance obligations which are delivered in less than 12 months. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $33.5 million of revenue that was deferred on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $34.4 million of revenue that was deferred on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $35.2 million of revenue that was deferred on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.
The nature of certain of our contracts gives rise to variable consideration, primarily related to an allowance for sales returns. We are required to estimate the contract asset related to sales returns and record a corresponding adjustment to Cost of Sales. Our allowance for sales returns for December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 20202021 was approximately $0.2$0.3 million and $0.3$0.2 million, respectively.
Shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded in Product Sales and shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in Cost of Sales. We exclude from Sales any value-added, sales and other taxes that we collect concurrently with revenue-producing activities.


4.    ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Activity in the allowance for credit losses was as follows:
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Balance, beginning of yearBalance, beginning of year$3,888 $3,449 $1,748 Balance, beginning of year$2,231 $3,888 $3,449 
Provision (net of recovery)176 440 2,090 
Amounts written off, net of recoveries(1,833)(1)(389)
Current period provision for expected credit losses, net of recoveriesCurrent period provision for expected credit losses, net of recoveries163 176 440 
Charge-offs of amounts previously written offCharge-offs of amounts previously written off(109)(1,833)(1)
Balance, end of yearBalance, end of year$2,231 $3,888 $3,449 Balance, end of year$2,285 $2,231 $3,888 


5.    INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out method. We have 3three principal categories of inventory: 1) manufactured product to be sold; 2) sales demonstration inventory - completed product used to support our sales force, for demonstrations and held for sale; and 3) service inventory - completed product and parts used to support our service department and held for sale. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of sales in our consolidated statements of operations. Sales demonstration inventory is held by our sales representatives for up to three years, at which time it is refurbished and transferred to finished goods as used equipment, stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We expect these refurbished units to remain in finished goods inventory and to be sold within 12 months at prices that produce reduced gross margins. Service inventory is used to provide a temporary replacement product to a customer covered by a premium warranty when the customer’s unit requires service or repair and as training equipment. Service inventory is available for sale; however, management does not expect service inventory to be sold within 12 months and, as such, classifies this inventory as a long-term asset. Service inventory that we utilize for training or repairs and which we deem as no longer available for sale is transferred to fixed assets at the lower of cost or net realizable value and depreciated over the remaining life, typically three years.

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Inventories consist of the following:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Raw materialsRaw materials$34,617 $29,955 Raw materials$33,076 $34,617 
Finished goodsFinished goods18,528 17,436 Finished goods16,950 18,528 
Inventories, netInventories, net$53,145 $47,391 Inventories, net$50,026 $53,145 
Service and sales demonstration inventory, netService and sales demonstration inventory, net$30,554 $31,831 Service and sales demonstration inventory, net$30,904 $30,554 


6.    GOODWILL
We had approximately $82.1$107.2 million and $57.5$82.1 million of goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020,respectively, net of accumulated impairments of $35.2 million as of December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. Changes in these balances are shown below:
(in thousands)(in thousands)December 31, 2021December 31, 2020(in thousands)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Goodwill, beginningGoodwill, beginning$57,541 $49,704 Goodwill, beginning$82,096 $57,541 
Recognized goodwillRecognized goodwill26,723 5,467 Recognized goodwill26,465 26,723 
Foreign currency translationForeign currency translation(2,168)2,370 Foreign currency translation(1,406)(2,168)
Goodwill, endingGoodwill, ending$82,096 $57,541 Goodwill, ending$107,155 $82,096 

We test goodwill for impairment annually on December 31 of each reporting year or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value. We performed our annual qualitative test of goodwill during 2022 as of December 31, 2022, and recorded no impairment expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and we performed an annual quantitative test of goodwill during 2021 as of December 31, 2021, and recorded no impairment expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 and we performed an annual quantitative test of goodwill during 2020 as of December 31, 2020, and recorded no impairment expense for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
We report as a single reporting segment that develops, manufactures, markets, supports and sells CAD-based quality assurance products integrated with CAD-based inspection and statistical process control software and 3D documentation systems. Our reporting segment sells into a variety of end markets, including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, architecture, engineering, construction and public safety.

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7.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of the following:
As of December 31, 2021 As of December 31, 2022
Carrying ValueAccumulated 
Amortization		Net Intangible Carrying ValueAccumulated 
Amortization		Net Intangible
Amortizable intangible assets:Amortizable intangible assets:Amortizable intangible assets:
Product technologyProduct technology$20,944 $12,337 $8,607 Product technology$22,903 $12,704 $10,199 
Patents and trademarksPatents and trademarks15,535 8,294 7,241 Patents and trademarks16,733 9,028 7,705 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships9,892 4,811 5,081 Customer relationships24,283 5,503 18,780 
OtherOther10,369 5,682 4,687 Other19,110 6,816 12,294 
TotalTotal$56,740 $31,124 $25,616 Total$83,029 $34,051 $48,978 
As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2021
Carrying ValueAccumulated 
Amortization		Net Intangible Carrying ValueAccumulated 
Amortization		Net Intangible
Amortizable intangible assets:Amortizable intangible assets:Amortizable intangible assets:
Product technologyProduct technology$14,625 $10,785 $3,840 Product technology$20,944 $12,337 $8,607 
Patents and trademarksPatents and trademarks14,325 7,495 6,830 Patents and trademarks15,535 8,294 7,241 
Customer relationshipsCustomer relationships6,541 4,002 2,539 Customer relationships9,892 4,811 5,081 
OtherOther5,265 5,173 92 Other10,369 5,682 4,687 
TotalTotal$40,756 $27,455 $13,301 Total$56,740 $31,124 $25,616 

Amortization expense was $5.7 million, $4.2 million and $3.4 million in 2022, 2021 and $5.6 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the years 20222023 through 20262027 and thereafter is as follows:
Years ending December 31,Years ending December 31,AmountYears ending December 31,Amount
2022$3,571 
202320233,175 2023$9,323 
202420242,767 20246,431 
202520252,642 20256,040 
202620261,590 20264,377 
202720273,137 
ThereafterThereafter11,871 Thereafter19,670 
$25,616 $48,978 
  

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8.    ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
As of December 31, As of December 31,
20212020 20222021
Accrued compensation and benefitsAccrued compensation and benefits$15,723 $17,457 Accrued compensation and benefits$12,483 $15,723 
Accrued restructuring costsAccrued restructuring costs3,919 2,347 Accrued restructuring costs528 3,919 
Accrued warrantiesAccrued warranties1,880 1,683 Accrued warranties2,610 1,880 
Professional and legal feesProfessional and legal fees2,053 1,810 Professional and legal fees1,662 2,053 
Taxes other than incomeTaxes other than income3,674 5,013 Taxes other than income3,737 3,674 
General services administration contract contingent liability (see Note 12)— 12,325 
Other accrued liabilitiesOther accrued liabilities959 1,958 Other accrued liabilities2,325 959 
$28,208 $42,593 $23,345 $28,208 
Activity related to accrued warranties was as follows:
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Balance, beginning of yearBalance, beginning of year$1,683 $2,090 $2,571 Balance, beginning of year$1,880 $1,683 $2,090 
Provision for warranty expenseProvision for warranty expense2,851 2,727 3,600 Provision for warranty expense3,715 2,851 2,727 
Fulfillment of warranty obligationsFulfillment of warranty obligations(2,654)(3,134)(4,081)Fulfillment of warranty obligations(2,985)(2,654)(3,134)
Balance, end of yearBalance, end of year$1,880 $1,683 $2,090 Balance, end of year$2,610 $1,880 $1,683 


9.    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models are used to determine fair value. These models employ valuation techniques that involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the instruments’ complexity.
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, defined by the guidance on fair value measurements, are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities and are as follows:
Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2 - Valuation is based on quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. Valuation techniques include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
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Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized in the tables below based upon the lowest level of significant input to the valuations.
December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (1)
$— $— $1,043 
Total$— $— $1,043 
 December 31, 2021
 Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (1)
$— $— $1,028 
Total$— $— $1,028 
December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (1)
$— $— $1,056 
Total$— $— $1,056 
 
(1)Contingent consideration liability represents arrangements to pay the former owners of certain companies we acquired based on the attainment of future product release milestones and is reported in other long-term liabilities. We use a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities. These probability weightings are developed internally and assessed on a quarterly basis. The remaining undiscounted maximum payment under these arrangements was $1.1 million as of December 31, 2021.2022. We expect to make payments earned by former owners under these arrangements on August 31, 2023.


10.    OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE, (INCOME), NET
Other (income) expense, (income), net consists of the following:
 Years ended December 31,
 202120202019
Foreign exchange transaction losses$560 $1,680 $1,211 
Present4D impairment— — 2,152 
Contingent consideration fair value adjustment— — (1,562)
Other(490)(1,249)512 
Total other expense, net$70 $431 $2,313 
 Years ended December 31,
 202220212020
Foreign exchange transaction (gains) losses$(3,331)$560 $1,680 
Other95 (490)(1,249)
Total other (income) expense, net$(3,236)$70 $431 
 

11.    INCOME TAXES
Income (loss) before income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following:
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
DomesticDomestic$(13,202)$(33,991)$(40,963)Domestic$(37,875)$(13,202)$(33,991)
ForeignForeign4,641 3,218 (20,051)Foreign16,224 4,641 3,218 
(Loss) Income before income taxes(Loss) Income before income taxes$(8,561)$(30,773)$(61,014)(Loss) Income before income taxes$(21,651)$(8,561)$(30,773)
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The components of the income tax expense (benefit) for income taxes are as follows:
 Years ended December 31,
 202120202019
Current:
Federal$211 $(3,557)$3,215 
State114 169 400 
Foreign6,372 (2,032)3,809 
Current income tax expense (benefit)6,697 (5,420)7,424 
Deferred:
Federal15,464 (2,886)(7,630)
State6,418 (2,937)(1,667)
Foreign2,824 (20,159)3,006 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)24,706 (25,982)(6,291)
Income tax expense (benefit)$31,403 $(31,402)$1,133 
During fiscal year 2020, we completed intra-entity transfers of certain intellectual property rights (“IP Rights”) which resulted in the Company establishing deferred tax assets and related tax benefits of $19.2 million, based on fair value of the IP rights transferred in December 2020. The determination of the fair value involves significant judgment on future revenue growth, operating profit and discount rates. Unforeseen events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results
 Years ended December 31,
 202220212020
Current:
Federal$(1,329)$211 $(3,557)
State162 114 169 
Foreign3,860 6,372 (2,032)
Current income tax expense (benefit)2,693 6,697 (5,420)
Deferred:
Federal2 15,464 (2,886)
State(32)6,418 (2,937)
Foreign2,442 2,824 (20,159)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)2,412 24,706 (25,982)
Income tax expense (benefit)$5,105 $31,403 $(31,402)

Reconciliations of the income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate compared to our actual income tax expense (benefit) are summarized below:
Years ended December 31, Years ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Tax expense at statutory rateTax expense at statutory rate$(1,798)$(6,462)$(12,812)Tax expense at statutory rate$(4,548)$(1,798)$(6,462)
State income taxes, net of federal benefitState income taxes, net of federal benefit106 (1,400)(1,564)State income taxes, net of federal benefit(864)106 (1,400)
Foreign tax rate differenceForeign tax rate difference303 1,999 (1,954)Foreign tax rate difference314 303 1,999 
Change in valuation allowanceChange in valuation allowance26,475 (3,736)8,485 Change in valuation allowance2,534 26,475 (3,736)
Impact of intra-entity IP transfersImpact of intra-entity IP transfers231 (19,227)— Impact of intra-entity IP transfers— 231 (19,227)
Prepaid tax on intercompany profitPrepaid tax on intercompany profit3,390 — — Prepaid tax on intercompany profit2,966 3390 — 
Impact of permanent differences of non-deductible costImpact of permanent differences of non-deductible cost1,658 (602)1,550 Impact of permanent differences of non-deductible cost2,221 1,658 (602)
Withholding/other foreign taxesWithholding/other foreign taxes838 — — Withholding/other foreign taxes165 838 — 
Research and development creditResearch and development credit(737)(662)(753)Research and development credit(273)(737)(662)
Global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”)Global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”)763 — 1,795 Global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”)3,238 763 — 
Foreign currency gain/lossForeign currency gain/loss594 — — Foreign currency gain/loss(468)594 — 
Provision to return adjustments & deferred adjustmentsProvision to return adjustments & deferred adjustments313 (572)356 Provision to return adjustments & deferred adjustments(395)313 (572)
Change in enacted tax ratesChange in enacted tax rates(306)(1,138)359 Change in enacted tax rates(883)(306)(1,138)
Equity based compensationEquity based compensation(245)(42)(25)Equity based compensation1,144 (245)(42)
Uncertain tax positionsUncertain tax positions(185)— — Uncertain tax positions(46)(185)— 
Intangible & goodwill impairment— — 4,999 
OtherOther3 440 697 Other— 3 440 
Income tax expense (benefit)Income tax expense (benefit)$31,403 $(31,402)$1,133 Income tax expense (benefit)$5,105 $31,403 $(31,402)
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The components of our net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
As of December 31, As of December 31,
20212020 20222021
Net deferred income tax asset - Non-currentNet deferred income tax asset - Non-currentNet deferred income tax asset - Non-current
Warranty costWarranty cost$305 $310 Warranty cost$301 $305 
Inventory reserveInventory reserve2,287 5,234 Inventory reserve2,255 2,287 
Unearned service revenueUnearned service revenue9,913 11,607 Unearned service revenue8,930 9,913 
Employee stock optionsEmployee stock options3,282 3,271 Employee stock options3,772 3,282 
Tax creditsTax credits3,688 2,828 Tax credits4,296 3,688 
Loss carryforwardsLoss carryforwards18,487 8,530 Loss carryforwards19,197 18,487 
DepreciationDepreciation1,295 1,419 Depreciation729 1,295 
Other, netOther, net1,402 735 Other, net— 1,402 
Intangibles & goodwillIntangibles & goodwill14,400 19,295 Intangibles & goodwill12,461 14,400 
Lease liabilityLease liability4,749 6,986 Lease liability3,690 4,749 
Total deferred tax assetsTotal deferred tax assets59,808 60,215 Total deferred tax assets55,631 59,808 
Valuation allowanceValuation allowance(35,148)(6,916)Valuation allowance(37,295)(35,148)
Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowanceTotal deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance24,660 53,299 Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance18,336 24,660 
Net deferred income tax liability - Non-currentNet deferred income tax liability - Non-currentNet deferred income tax liability - Non-current
Other, netOther, net(2,420)— 
Operating lease right-of-use assetOperating lease right-of-use asset(4,441)(6,636)Operating lease right-of-use asset(3,441)(4,441)
Total deferred tax liabilitiesTotal deferred tax liabilities(4,441)(6,636)Total deferred tax liabilities(5,861)(4,441)
Net deferred tax assetsNet deferred tax assets$20,219 $46,663 Net deferred tax assets$12,475 $20,219 

Our domestic entities had a net deferred tax liability in the amount of $0.4$0.5 million and a deferred tax asset of $21.4$0.4 million as of December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. Our foreign entities had net deferred tax assets in the amount of $20.6$12.9 million and $25.3$20.6 million as of December 31, 2021,2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, respectively. At December 31, 20212022 we had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $34.4$22.1 million and $67.6$90.5 million, respectively. $31.0$21.9 million of our federal net operating losses carryforward indefinitely while a portion of our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 20352034 and 2029, respectively. We also had federal and state R&D credit carryforwardscredits of $3.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The federal credits will begin to expire in 20392037 and our state credits carryforward indefinitely. Foreign net operating losses are $40.5$48.7 million, the majority of which can be carried forward indefinitely.

At December 31, 2022, our foreign subsidiaries had net deferred tax assets primarily relating to Intangibles of $10.3 million and net operating losses of $9.0 million, the majority of which can be carried forward indefinitely. At December 31, 2021, our foreign subsidiaries had net deferred tax assets primarily relating to Intangibles of $17.3 million and net operating losses of $7.8 million, the majority of which can be carried forward indefinitely. At December 31, 2020, our foreign subsidiaries had deferred tax assets primarily relating to Intangibles of $19.4 million and net operating losses of $7.1 million, the majority of which can be carried forward indefinitely.

The realization of deferred tax assets is contingent upon the generation of future taxable income and other restrictions that may exist under the tax laws of the jurisdiction in which a deferred tax asset exists. We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of existing deferred tax assets. Management's evaluation begins with a jurisdictional review of cumulative gains or losses incurred over recent years. A significant piece of objective negative evidence exists when a jurisdiction has incurred cumulative losses over recent years. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth. Based on the positive and negative evidence for recoverability, we establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets of a taxing jurisdiction in which we operate unless it is “more likely than not” that we will recover such assets through the above means. We have valuation allowances of $35.1$37.3 million and $6.9$35.1 million for the years December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 was a $2.1 million increase, $26.5 million increase $3.7 million decrease and $8.5$3.7 million increase, respectively. The increase in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 20212022 primarily relates to the recording of valuation allowanceallowances against our net U.S. and Singapore deferred tax assets.

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On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, resulting in significant modifications to existing law, which included a transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company can repatriate foreign earnings and profits to the U.S. with minimal U.S. income tax consequences, other than the transition tax and GILTI tax. The Company reinvested a large portion of its undistributed foreign earnings and profits in acquisitions and other investments and intends to bring back a portion of foreign cash in certain jurisdictions where the Company will not be subject to local withholding taxes and which were subject already to transition tax and GILTI tax. At December 31, 2021,2022, we have not provided for approximately $0.9$0.4 million of withholding tax on foreign earnings and profits in certain jurisdictions that we intend to invest these earnings indefinitely.

Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. We review our tax contingencies on a regular basis and make appropriate accruals as necessary.

During 2022, the United States enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022.We have performed an analysis of the applicable tax law changes and have determined any change would be immaterial.

As of December 31, 2022, 2021 2020 and 2019,2020, our unrecognized tax benefits totaled $1.7$2.4 million, $1.9$1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which are included in Income taxes payable and offsetting an associated deferred tax asset.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Years ended December 31,Years ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Balance at January 1Balance at January 1$1,873 $1,924 $324 Balance at January 1$1,664 $1,873 $1,924 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current yearAdditions based on tax positions related to the current year53 273 314 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year1,924 53 273 
Additions for tax positions of prior yearsAdditions for tax positions of prior years— — 1,675 Additions for tax positions of prior years— — — 
Lapse of statute of limitationsLapse of statute of limitations(262)(324)(389)Lapse of statute of limitations(1,160)(262)(324)
Balance at December 31Balance at December 31$1,664 $1,873 $1,924 Balance at December 31$2,428 $1,664 $1,873 

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The table below summarizes the open tax years and ongoing tax examinations in major jurisdictions as of December 31, 2021.2022.
JurisdictionOpen YearsExamination
in Process
United States - Federal Income Tax2018-20212019-2022N/A
United States - various states2017-20212018-2022N/A
Germany2013-20212014-20222013-2014N/A
Switzerland2019-20212020-2022N/A
Singapore2017-20212018-2022N/A

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $1.6$2.4 million. We do not currently anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will result in material changes to our financial position. We are subject to income taxes at the federal, state and foreign country level. Our tax returns are subject to examination at the U.S. state level and are subject to a three to four year statute of limitations, depending on the state.

12.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Purchase Commitments — We enter into purchase commitments for products and services in the ordinary course of business. These purchases generally cover production requirements for 60 to 120 days as well as materials necessary to service customer units through the product lifecycle and for warranty commitments. As of December 31, 2021,2022, we had approximately $40.0$42.0 million in purchase commitments that are expected to be delivered within the next 12 months. To ensure adequate component availability, as of December 31, 2021,2022, we also had $6.6$23.9 million in long-term commitments for purchases to be delivered after 12 months.
Legal Proceedings — We are not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, none of which we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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U.S. Government Contracting Matter — We have sold our products and related services to the U.S. Government (the “Government”) under General Services Administration (“GSA”) Federal Supply Schedule contracts (the “GSA Contracts”) since 2002. Each GSA Contract is subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements and includes, among other provisions, a price reduction clause (the “Price Reduction Clause”), which generally requires us to reduce the prices billed to the Government under the GSA Contracts to correspond to the lowest prices billed to certain benchmark customers.
Late in the fourth quarter of 2018, during an internal review we preliminarily determined that certain of our pricing practices may have resulted in the Government being overcharged under the Price Reduction Clauses of the GSA Contracts (the “GSA Matter”). As a result, we performed remediation efforts, including but not limited to, the identification of additional controls and procedures to ensure future compliance with the pricing and other requirements of the GSA Contracts. We also retained outside legal counsel and forensic accountants to assist with these efforts and to conduct a comprehensive review of our pricing and other practices under the GSA Contracts (the “Review”). On February 14, 2019, we reported the GSA Matter to the GSA and its Office of Inspector General.
Effective as of February 25, 2021, as a result of the review, we entered into a settlement agreement with the GSA. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, we agreed to, among other things, pay to the GSA $12.3 million in full and final satisfaction of any and all claims, causes of actions, appeals and the like, including damages, costs, attorney's fees and interest arising under or related to the GSA Matter. As of March 31, 2021, we settled and paid the full $12.3 million and no longer have any outstanding liability related to this matter.

13.    STOCK COMPENSATION PLANSPLAN
We have 2one compensation plan that provides for the granting of stock options and other share-based awards to key employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. The 20092022 Equity Incentive Plan (“20092022 Plan”), and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”) provide provides for granting options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights or stock appreciation rights to employees and non-employee directors.
We were authorized to grant awards for up to 1,781,546750,000 shares of common stock under the 20092022 Plan, as well as any shares underlying awards outstanding under our 2004 Equity2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2004“2014 Plan”) as of the effective date of the 2009 Plan that thereafter terminated or expired unexercised or were canceled, forfeited or lapsed for any reason. There were no options outstanding under the 2009 Plan at December 31, 2021.
In May 2014, our shareholders approved the 2014 Plan authorizing us to grant awards for up to 1,974,543 shares of common stock, as well as any shares underlying awards outstanding under the 2004 Plan and 2009 Plan as of the effective date of the 2014 Plan that thereafter terminate or expire unexercised or are canceled, forfeited or lapse for any reason. In May 2018, our shareholders approved an amendmentreason as of the effective date of the 2022 Plan. The 2022 Plan is the successor to and continuation of the 2014 Plan, which increasedno additional awards may be granted under the number of shares available for issuance2014 Plan. All outstanding awards previously granted under the 2014 Plan by 1,000,000 shares. A maximum of 2,974,543 shares are available for issuance under the 2014 Plan, as amended, plus the number of shares (notwill remain subject to exceed 891,960) underlying awards outstanding under the 2004 Plan and the 2009 Plan as of May 29, 2014 that thereafter terminate or expire unexercised or are canceled, forfeited or lapse for any reason. its previous terms.
There were 44,52422,667 options outstanding at December 31, 20212022 under the 2014 Plan at exercise prices between $33.05 and $61.30. The options outstanding under the 2014 Plan have a 7-year term and generally vest over a 3-year period. There were no options outstanding at December 31, 2022 under the 2022 Plan.
Upon election to the Board, each non-employee director receives an initial equity grant of shares of restricted common stock with a value equal to $100,000, calculated using the closing share price on the date of the non-employee director’s election to the Board. The initial restricted stock grant vests on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the non-employee director’s continued membership on the Board. Annually, the non-employee directors are granted restricted shares equal to $175,000 on the first business day following the annual meeting of shareholders, calculated using the closing price of our common stock on that day. The shares of restricted stock granted annually to our non-employee directors and our independent Chairman of the Board vest on the day prior to the following year’s annual meeting date, subject to a non-employee director’s continued membership on the Board. We record compensation cost associated with our restricted stock grants on a straight-line basis over the vesting term. Our non-employee directors also may elect to have their annual cash retainers and annual equity retainers paid in the form of deferred stock units pursuant to the 20142022 Plan and the 2018 Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan. Each deferred stock unit represents the right to receive 1one share of our common stock upon the non-employee director's separation of service from the Company. We record compensation cost associated with our deferred stock units over the period of service.
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Annually, upon approval by our Compensation Committee, we grant stock-based awards, which historically have been in the form of stock options and/or restricted stock units, to certain employees. We also grant stock-based awards, whichhave historically have been in the form of stock options and/orgranted restricted stock units to certain new employees throughout the year. The fair value of these stock-based awards is determined by using (a) the current market price of our common stock on the grant date in the case of restricted stock units without a market condition, (b) the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model in the case of market-based restricted stock units with a market condition, or (c) the Black-Scholes option valuation model in the case of stock options.condition.
For the stock-based awards granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020, the time-based restricted stock units vest in 3three equal annual installments beginning one year after the grant date. The market-based restricted stock unit awards vest at the end of the 3-year performance period if the applicable market-based measure is achieved. The related stock-based compensation expense will be recognized over the requisite service period, taking into account the probability that we will satisfy the performance measure. The market-based restricted stock units granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020 will be earned and will vest based upon our total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR attained by companies within our defined benchmark group, the Russell 2000 Growth Index. Due to the TSR presence in these market-based restricted stock units, the fair value of these awards was determined using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model. We expense these market condition awards over the three-year vesting period regardless of the value the award recipients ultimately receive.
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The Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model incorporates assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the market-based restricted stock units that were granted during 2022, 2021 and 2020 valued using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model was $68.62, $145.67 and $80.38, respectively. For market-based restricted stock units granted during 2022, 2021 and 2020 valued using the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model, we used the following assumptions:
Year ended December 31
20212020
Risk-free interest rate0.2 %1.2 %
Expected dividend yield— %— %
Term3 years3 years
Expected volatility45.0 %40.0 %
Weighted-average expected volatility45.0 %40.0 %
Year ended December 31
202220212020
Risk-free interest rate2.0 %0.2 %1.2 %
Expected dividend yield— %— %— %
Term3 years3 years3 years
Expected volatility42.5 %45.0 %40.0 %

Historical information was the primary basis for the selection of the expected dividend yield and expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate was based on the yields of U.S. zero coupon issues and U.S. Treasury issues, with a term equal to the term of the award being valued.
A summary of stock option activity and weighted average exercise prices follows:
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic
Value as of
December 31, 2021		OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic
Value as of
December 31, 2022
Outstanding at January 1, 2021155,048 $56.53 
Outstanding at January 1, 2022Outstanding at January 1, 202244,524 $56.11 
GrantedGranted��� — Granted— — 
ForfeitedForfeited(6,701)58.08 Forfeited(21,857)59.97 
ExercisedExercised(103,823)56.61 Exercised— — 
Outstanding at December 31, 202144,524 $56.11 1.5$667 
Options exercisable at December 31, 202144,524 $56.11 0.2$667 
Outstanding at December 31, 2022Outstanding at December 31, 202222,667 $52.39 1.8$— 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022Options exercisable at December 31, 202222,667 $52.39 0.2$— 
As no stock options were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised was zero. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2021 2020, and 20192020 was $3.0 million and $4.2 million, and $3.4 million, respectively. No stock options vested during the year ended December 31, 2022. The total fair value of stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2021 2020, and 20192020 was $0.2 million and $0.8 million, and $5.1 million, respectively.
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The following table summarizes the restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity and weighted-average grant date fair values for the year ended December 31, 2021:2022:
SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value		SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2021377,447 $60.92 
Non-vested at January 1, 2022Non-vested at January 1, 2022350,579 $79.11 
GrantedGranted168,573 100.66 Granted446,701 50.66 
ForfeitedForfeited(36,288)80.07 Forfeited(99,477)68.02 
VestedVested(159,153)57.73 Vested(119,868)65.45 
Non-vested at December 31, 2021350,579 $79.11 
Non-vested at December 31, 2022Non-vested at December 31, 2022577,935 $61.86 
We recorded total stock-based compensation expense associated with our stock incentive plans of $13.3 million, $11.5 million and $8.3 million in 2022, 2021 and $11.1 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021,2022, there was $16.1$21.5 million in total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.83.1.96.
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The following table summarizes total stock-based compensation expense for each of the line items on our consolidated statement of operations:
Years ended December 31,Years ended December 31,
202120202019202220212020
Cost of SalesCost of SalesCost of Sales
ProductProduct$566 $356 $628 Product$889 $566 $356 
ServiceService69 346 373 Service161 69 346 
Total cost of salesTotal cost of sales$635 $702 $1,001 Total cost of sales$1,050 $635 $702 
Operating ExpensesOperating ExpensesOperating Expenses
Selling, general and administrativeSelling, general and administrative$8,985 $6,327 $8,786 Selling, general and administrative$9,656 $8,985 $6,327 
Research and developmentResearch and development1,836 1,285 1,282 Research and development2,611 1,836 1,285 
Total operating expensesTotal operating expenses$10,821 $7,612 $10,068 Total operating expenses$12,267 $10,821 $7,612 
Total stock-based compensationTotal stock-based compensation$13,317 $11,456 $8,314 


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14.    (LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by also considering the impact of potential common stock on both net income and the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Our potential common stock consists of employee stock options, restricted stock units and market-based awards. Our potential common stock is excluded from the basic earnings per share calculation and is included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when doing so would not be anti-dilutive. Market-based awards are included in the computation of (diluted earnings per share only to the extent that the underlying conditions (and any applicable market condition) (i) are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (ii) would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the related contingency period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method. When we report a net loss for the period presented, the diluted loss per share calculation does not include our potential common stock, as the inclusion of these shares in the calculation would have an anti-dilutive effect. A reconciliation of the number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below:
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
SharesPer-Share
Amount		SharesPer-Share
Amount		SharesPer-Share
Amount		 SharesPer-Share
Amount		SharesPer-Share
Amount		SharesPer-Share
Amount
Basic earnings per shareBasic earnings per share18,187,946 $(2.20)17,769,958 $0.04 17,383,415 $(3.58)Basic earnings per share18,318,191 $(1.46)18,187,946 $(2.20)17,769,958 $0.04 
Effect of dilutive securitiesEffect of dilutive securities— — 156,366 — — — Effect of dilutive securities— — — — 156,366 — 
Diluted earnings per shareDiluted earnings per share18,187,946 — $(2.20)17,926,324 $0.04 17,383,415 $(3.58)Diluted earnings per share18,318,191 — $(1.46)18,187,946 $(2.20)17,926,324 $0.04 
Securities excluded from the determination of weighted average shares for the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as they were potentially antidilutiveSecurities excluded from the determination of weighted average shares for the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as they were potentially antidilutive395,387 — 886,274 Securities excluded from the determination of weighted average shares for the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as they were potentially antidilutive600,602 395,387 — 


15.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN
We maintain a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan for our eligible U.S. employees. Costs charged to operations in connection with the 401(k) plan during 2022, 2021 2020 and 20192020 aggregated to $1.8$1.9 million, $1.8 million, and $2.2$1.8 million, respectively.

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16.    GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
As part of our new strategic plan, and based on the recommendation of our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in the fourth quarter of 2019, we eliminated our vertical structure and began reorganizing the Company into a functional structure. Our executive leadership team is now comprised of functional leaders in areas such as sales, marketing, operations, research and development and general and administrative, and resources. Our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) allocates resources are allocated to each function and evaluates performance at a consolidated unit level. We no longerdo not have separate business units or segment managers or vertical leaders who report to the CODM with respect to operations, operating results or planning for levels or components below the total Company level. Instead, our CODM now allocates resources and evaluates performance on a company-wide basis. Based on these changes, commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019, we are now reportingWe report as 1one reporting segment that develops, manufactures, markets, supports and sells CAD-based quality assurance products integrated with CAD-based inspection and statistical process control software and 3D documentation systems. Our reporting segment sells into a variety of end markets, including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, architecture, engineering, construction and public safety. These activities represent more than 99% of consolidated sales.
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Total sales to external customers is based upon the geographic location of the customer.
For the Years Ended December 31, For the Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Total sales to external customersTotal sales to external customersTotal sales to external customers
United States and CanadaUnited States and Canada$127,661 $119,769 $151,646 United States and Canada$137,190 $127,661 $119,769 
Americas-OtherAmericas-Other12,973 9,057 14,110 Americas-Other17,233 12,973 9,057 
GermanyGermany48,772 46,166 52,083 Germany41,485 48,772 46,166 
Europe-Other55,577 45,224 70,196 
EMEA-OtherEMEA-Other56,688 55,577 45,224 
JapanJapan25,997 4,998 33,361 Japan21,661 25,997 4,998 
ChinaChina40,808 31,748 32,934 China43,108 40,808 31,748 
Asia-OtherAsia-Other26,026 46,806 27,435 Asia-Other28,400 26,026 46,806 
$337,814 $303,768 $381,765 $345,765 $337,814 $303,768 
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant, and equipment, goodwill, and intangible assets, and are attributed to the geographic area in which they are located or originated, as applicable.
As of December 31, As of December 31,
202120202019 202220212020
Long-Lived AssetsLong-Lived AssetsLong-Lived Assets
United StatesUnited States$82,845 $42,729 $45,225 United States$89,424 $82,845 $42,729 
Americas-OtherAmericas-Other9,794 10,415 10,889 Americas-Other8,800 9,794 10,415 
GermanyGermany24,415 26,671 26,295 Germany22,055 24,415 26,671 
Europe-Other10,063 10,966 4,984 
EMEA-OtherEMEA-Other53,656 10,063 10,966 
JapanJapan1,039 1,192 1,423 Japan617 1,039 1,192 
Asia-OtherAsia-Other1,750 1,960 2,313 Asia-Other1,301 1,750 1,960 
$129,906 $93,933 $91,129 $175,853 $129,906 $93,933 
 

17.    LEASES
We have operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, research and development facilities, sales and training facilities, vehicles, and certain equipment under which we assume the role of lessee. We do not materially lease assets as a lessor. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to approximately teneight years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to fifteen years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within three months. We do not participate in any material subleasing.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, Lease liability, and Lease liability - less current portion in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in Property and equipment, net, Lease liability, and Lease liability - less current portion in our consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the
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commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate include the variable portion when calculating ROU assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are expensed as incurred. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available on the commencement date of the lease to determine the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option at the time the lease is commenced. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
While we have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
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The components of lease expense were as follows:
Year Ended
December 31, 2021		Year Ended
December 31, 2020		 Year Ended
December 31, 2022		Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$7,805 $8,506 Operating lease cost$7,212 $7,805 
Finance lease cost:Finance lease cost:Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assetsAmortization of ROU assets$295 $307 Amortization of ROU assets$113 $295 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest on lease liabilities$20 $29 Interest on lease liabilities$18 $20 
Total finance lease costTotal finance lease cost$315 $336 Total finance lease cost$131 $315 

We recognize lease payments made for short-term leases where terms are 12 months or less as the payments are incurred. Our short-term lease cost for the year ended December 31, 20212022 and December 31, 2020 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million respectively.
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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
As ofAs ofAs ofAs of
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Operating leases:Operating leases:Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assetOperating lease right-of-use asset$22,543 $26,107 Operating lease right-of-use asset$18,989 $22,543 
Current operating lease liabilityCurrent operating lease liability$5,601 $5,557 Current operating lease liability$5,535 $5,601 
Operating lease liability - less current portionOperating lease liability - less current portion18,538 21,985 Operating lease liability - less current portion14,532 18,538 
Total operating lease liability Total operating lease liability$24,139 $27,542  Total operating lease liability$20,067 $24,139 
Finance leases:Finance leases:Finance leases:
Property and equipment, at costProperty and equipment, at cost$1,380 $1,813 Property and equipment, at cost$1,523 $1,380 
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciation(1,222)(1,415)Accumulated depreciation$(1,387)$(1,222)
Property and equipment, net Property and equipment, net$158 $398  Property and equipment, net$136 $158 
Current finance lease liabilityCurrent finance lease liability$137 $278 Current finance lease liability$174 $137 
Finance lease liability - less current portionFinance lease liability - less current portion110 146 Finance lease liability - less current portion$117 $110 
Total finance lease liability Total finance lease liability$247 $424  Total finance lease liability$291 $247 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years):Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years):Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years):
Operating leases Operating leases5.696.55 Operating leases4.975.69
Finance leases Finance leases2.121.93 Finance leases2.242.12
Weighted Average Discount Rate:Weighted Average Discount Rate:Weighted Average Discount Rate:
Operating leases Operating leases5.67 %5.66 % Operating leases5.67 %5.67 %
Finance leases Finance leases5.02 %5.07 % Finance leases5.31 %5.02 %

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Year Ended
December 31, 2021		Year Ended
December 31, 2020		Year Ended
December 31, 2022		Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leasesOperating cash flows from operating leases$7,860 $8,272 Operating cash flows from operating leases$7,513 $7,860 
Operating cash flows from finance leasesOperating cash flows from finance leases$20 $29 Operating cash flows from finance leases$18 $20 
Financing cash flows from finance leasesFinancing cash flows from finance leases$296 $309 Financing cash flows from finance leases$220 $296 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leasesOperating leases$1,210 $13,611 Operating leases$1,792 $1,210 












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Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Year Ending December 31,Year Ending December 31,Operating leasesFinance leasesYear Ending December 31,Operating leasesFinance leases
2022$6,795 $146 
202320235,664 68 2023$6,674 $184 
202420244,628 40 2024$5,245 $73 
202520253,219 5 2025$3,422 $23 
202620262,305 1 2026$2,392 $18 
20272027$1,579 $10 
ThereafterThereafter5,794 — Thereafter$4,053 $— 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments$28,405 $260 Total lease payments$23,365 $308 
Less imputed interestLess imputed interest(4,266)(13)Less imputed interest$(3,298)$(17)
TotalTotal$24,139 $247 Total$20,067 $291 


18.    BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
On June 4, 2021,September 1, 2022, we acquired allcompleted the acquisition of the outstanding sharesUK-based GeoSLAM, a leading provider of Holobuilder, Inc.mobile scanning solutions with proprietary high-productivity simultaneous localization and mapping (“Holobuilder”SLAM”), a company focused on 3D photogrammetry-based technology for a purchase price of $33.8 million paid, net of cash acquired and paid with cash on hand. software. We believe this acquisition enables the Company to provide reality-capture photo documentation and added remote access capabilitymobile scanning solutions using SLAM software to create 3D models for industries such as construction management which further expand the Company'suse in Digital Twin solution portfolio.applications. We believe these newly acquired capture technologies integrate into our 4D digital reality-based SaaS offering that will allow customers to access multiple 4D data sources for visualization and analysis through a single user experience. We acquired all voting equity interests of GeoSLAM held by the previous owners. The results of Holobuilder’sGeoSLAM’s operations as of and after the date of acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021.and for the period ended September 30, 2022. The total purchase price included $29.1 million of cash paid, net of cash acquired and a non-cash payment of 495,562 shares of FARO stock valued at $15.9 million that is subject to customary lock-up provisions for a total purchase price of $44.9 million.
The acquisition of HolobuilderGeoSLAM constitutes a business combination as defined by ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their fair values on the date of acquisition with the exception of deferred revenue which is recorded at book value.acquisition. The purchase price allocations below represent our preliminary determination of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions.
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Following is a summary of our allocations of the purchase price to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
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Fair Value (Final)
Tangible assets acquired:
Accounts receivable$3752,452 
  Inventory6,576 
Property, plant and equipment, net46270 
Other assets7505 
Total assets acquired4289,803 
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(55)(2,375)
Deferred revenue(3,966)(1,282)
 Other current liabilities(197)
Total liabilities assumed(4021)(3,854)
Intangible assets10,67018,610 
Net assets acquired7,07724,559 
—  Deferred income tax liability(4,969)
 Goodwill26,72325,356 
Purchase price paid, net of cash acquired$33,80044,946 


The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the expected synergies from combining operations as well as the value of the workforce. This goodwill is not tax deductible. Acquisition and integration costs are not included as components of consideration transferred, but are recorded as expense in the period in which such costs are incurred. To date,As of December 31, 2022, we have incurred $0.5$2.1 million inof acquisition or integration costs for the HolobuilderGeoSLAM acquisition. Accounts receivable acquired represent a gross contractual amount of $2.6 million of which we expect to collect $2.5 million. We believe that the fair value of these receivables approximates the net book value given their short term nature. Pro forma financial results for Holobuilder hasGeoSLAM have not been presented because the effecteffects of this transaction wasthese transactions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to our condensed consolidated financial results.

Following are the details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the HolobuilderGeoSLAM acquisition:
AmountWeighted Average Life (Years)
 Brand$466 3
 Technology3,828 5
 Customer relationships14,316 15
 Fair value of intangible assets acquired$18,610 13
On December 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of SiteScape, an innovator in LiDAR 3D scanning software solutions for the AEC and O&M markets. SiteScape enables LiDAR equipped mobile devices to easily capture indoor spaces digitally, providing a readily available entry-point to scanning physical spaces for a broad range of applications. We believe integrating SiteScape’s iOS-enabled low-resolution LiDAR capture capability into the FARO Sphere Platform will allow streamlining multiple capture methods into a single centralized environment on a single coordinate system. We believe this enables FARO’s construction and facilities customers to access a portfolio which now contains low-resolution Lidar, 360° photo, video, mobile mapping and terrestrial laser scanning. The total purchase price included $1.9 million of cash paid, net of cash acquired. The results of SiteScape’s operations as of and after the date of acquisition have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022.
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AmountWeighted Average Life (Years)
 Brand$370 3
 Technology6,800 5
 Customer relationships3,500 12
 Fair value of intangible assets acquired$10,670 7
The acquisition of SiteScape constitutes a business combination as defined by ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their fair values on the date of acquisition. The purchase price allocations below represent our preliminary determination of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions.
Following is a preliminary summary of our allocations of the purchase price to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
Fair Value (Preliminary)
 Intangible assets807 
 Goodwill1,109 
Purchase price paid, net of cash acquired1,916 


The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the expected synergies from combining operations as well as the value of the workforce. This goodwill is not tax deductible. Acquisition and integration costs are not included as components of consideration transferred, but are recorded as expense in the period in which such costs are incurred. As of December 31, 2022, we have incurred $0.2 million of acquisition or integration costs for the SiteScape acquisition. Pro forma financial results for SiteScape have not been presented because the effects of these transactions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to our condensed consolidated financial results.

Following are the details of the preliminary purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the SiteScape acquisition:

AmountWeighted Average Life (Years)
 Technology$807 3
 Fair value of intangible assets acquired$807 3





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19.    RESTRUCTURING
In the first quarter of 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which is intended to support our strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver increased and sustainable value to our shareholders and customers. Key activities under the Restructuring Plan include a continued focus on efficiency and cost-saving efforts, which includes decreasingincluded a planned decrease of total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon the completion of the Restructuring Plan.
These activities are expected to be substantially completed by the second quarter of 2022. Pre-tax charges of approximately $49 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019 in connection with the implementation of our new strategic plan and included the following:
•$21.2 million impairment of goodwill;
•$12.8 million charge, increasing our reserve for excess and obsolete inventory;
•$10.5 million impairment of intangible assets associated with recent acquisitions;
•$1.4 million impairment of intangible assets related to capitalized patents; and
•$3.4 million impairment of other assets and other charges.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $15.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs including a non-cash expense of $0.4 million related to the disposal of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets. We paid approximately $13.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, and had $2.3 million in accrual for future cash payments. We received $0.7 million in cash payments for the disposal of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets in the second quarter of 2020. We have continued to make significant progress in executing the Restructuring Plan during 2021. We recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $7.4 million and paid $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs.headcount.
On July 15, 2021, we entered into a manufacturing services agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sanmina, Corporation (“Sanmina”), in connection with the Restructuring Plan. Under the Agreement, Sanmina will provide manufacturing services for the Company’s measurement device products currently manufactured by the Company at the Company’s Lake Mary, Florida, Exton, Pennsylvania, and Stuttgart, Germany manufacturing sites. AThis phased transition to a Sanmina production facility is expected to bewas completed byat the endbeginning of the secondthird quarter of 2022 as part of our cost reduction initiative. We are currently evaluating the Lake Mary, Florida and Stuttgart, Germany manufacturing sites with the intention to reduce our leased floor space. However, all of these facilities are mixed-use spaces shared with our service, research and development, or sales teams who continue to use these spaces. The Company, expectsin collaboration with third-party lessors and architectural resources, intends to payconduct studies over the feasibility of abandoning or demising leased floor space against our current needs. Our current needs continue to include access to existing spaces previously constructed to closely monitor temperature and vibration for our service and research and development teams. The conclusion of this evaluation and any subsequent approval to abandon or reduce these leased spaces would be considered as a change in the manner of the use of these corresponding assets, and thereby will be evaluated for impairment. We expect to complete this evaluation before the first half of fiscal year 2023. We have completed this evaluation for the Exton, Pennsylvania manufacturing site and entered into an agreement to sublease 17,000 square feet of unused space. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining value of leasehold improvements for the remaining facilities under evaluation is approximately $4$0.6 million and a portion of this may be impaired, if the Company decides to reduce or abandon the leased space. For the period ended December
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31, 2022, we have recognized $0.5 million in fiscalimpairment expense related to leasehold improvements for the Exton, Pennsylvania manufacturing site. For the period ended December 31, 2021, we have recognized no such expense. Separately, we may also incur future additional charges for the potential modification of leases for these facilities.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a total pre-tax charge of approximately $4.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 which include expenses to be paid in cash of $3.0 million primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and a non-cash expense of $1.6 million consisting of the impairment of assets. We paid $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisting of severance and related benefits.
We continue to evaluate our key initiatives and execution Since the approval of the Restructuring Plan, we have paid $25.3 million, primarily consisting of severance and expect to incur additional pre-tax charges in the range of $6 million to $10 million through the end of fiscal year 2022.related benefits. Activity related to the accrued restructuring charge and cash payments during the year ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 was as follows:
Severance and other benefitsProfessional fees and other related chargesTotal
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$3,442 $477 $3,919 
Additions charged to expenseAdditions charged to expense1,643 1,330 2,973 
Cash paymentsCash payments(4,767)(1,597)(6,364)
Balance at December 31, 2022Balance at December 31, 2022$318 $210 $528 
Severance and other benefitsProfessional fees and other related chargesTotal
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 2020$1,481 $866 $2,347 Balance at December 31, 2020$1,481 $866 $2,347 
Additions charged to expenseAdditions charged to expense5,197 2,171 7,368 Additions charged to expense5,197 2,171 7,368 
Cash paymentsCash payments(3,236)(2,560)(5,796)Cash payments(3,236)(2,560)(5,796)
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021$3,442 $477 $3,919 Balance at December 31, 2021$3,442 $477 $3,919 
Balance at February 14, 2020Balance at February 14, 2020$— $— $— Balance at February 14, 2020$— $— $— 
Additions charged to expenseAdditions charged to expense12,107 3,349 15,456 Additions charged to expense12,107 3,349 15,456 
Cash paymentsCash payments(10,626)(2,483)(13,109)Cash payments(10,626)(2,483)(13,109)
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 2020$1,481 $866 $2,347 Balance at December 31, 2020$1,481 $866 $2,347 
Substantially all of our planned activities under the Restructuring Plan are complete and as part of our final steps, we expect to potentially incur remaining pre-tax charges in the range of $0.5 million to $1.0 million through the first half of fiscal year 2023. We have reduced our total headcount by approximately 390 employees. The Company expects to make concluding cash payments of approximately $0.5 million in the remainder of fiscal year 2022, primarily consisting of remaining severance and related benefits.

20.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent to the year-end, the Company entered into a convertible offering to raise $75 million in aggregate principal amount, and announced an integration plan to streamline and simply operations. Both of these events are detailed below.
A. On January 24, 2023, we issued $75 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Notes”). The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the Company.
The Notes will mature on February 1, 2028, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. The Notes will bear interest from January 24, 2023, at a rate of 5.50% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning August 1, 2023. The Notes may bear additional interest under specified circumstances relating to the Company’s failure to comply with its reporting obligations under the indenture governing the Notes or if the Notes are not freely tradeable as required by the indenture.
The Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of the Notes at any time prior to November 1, 2027, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2023 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (hereinafter referred to as “common stock”), for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five-business day period after any ten consecutive
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20.    QUARTERLY RESULT OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
Quarter endedMarch 31,
2021		June 30,
2021		September 30,
2021		December 31,
2021
Sales$76,331 $82,110 $79,169 $100,204 
Gross profit40,407 45,482 42,331 55,707 
Net (loss) income (1)
(3,221)(1,176)(3,855)(31,712)
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic$(0.18)$(0.06)$(0.21)$(1.74)
Diluted$(0.18)$(0.06)$(0.21)$(1.74)
(1)During 2021,trading day period (the “measurement period”) in connectionwhich the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the Notes on each such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock; (4) if the Company calls such Notes for redemption; or (5) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after November 1, 2027, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election. The conversion rate for the Notes will initially be 23.6072 shares of the common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $42.36 per share of the common stock. The initial conversion price of the Notes represents a premium of approximately 20% to the $35.30 per share last reported sale price of the common stock on January 19, 2023. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a pre-tax chargeterms of approximately $1.5 millionthe Indenture.
The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to February 5, 2026. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, on or after February 5, 2026 and on or before the 50th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of the common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the first quarter 2021, $0.830 consecutive trading days ending on and including the last trading day immediately before the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company provides such notice. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire the Notes periodically.
Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Notes) prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions, holders of the Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the Notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $72.2 million, duringafter deducting the second quarter, $1.4initial purchaser discounts and commissions and the Company’s estimated offering expenses related to the offering. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we have incurred $0.5 million duringin debt issuance costs primarily related to professional fees which are excluded from the third quarterdiscounts and $3.7commissions previously mentioned. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
B.On February 7, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an integration plan (the “Integration Plan”), which is intended to streamline and simplify operations, particularly around our recent acquisitions and the resulting redundant operations and offerings. Key activities under the Integration Plan include a planned decrease in headcount, consolidation of our cloud-based offerings from 3 platforms (2 acquired, 1 organic) into a single customer offering, and the optimization of our facilities assets to align with current and expected future utilization. As a result, we expect to incur potentially $10 million duringto $16 million in pre-tax charges through the end of fiscal year 2023. We expect to realize approximately $10 million in annualized cost savings when this plan is complete. In the fourth quarter primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges.
Quarter endedMarch 31,
2020		June 30,
2020		September 30,
2020		December 31,
2020
Sales (1)
$79,515 $60,564 $70,736 $92,953 
Gross profit (2)
43,873 28,896 36,298 50,780 
Net income (loss)(14,823)(8,932)(3,024)27,408 
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic$(0.84)$(0.50)$(0.17)$1.53 
Diluted$(0.84)$(0.50)$(0.17)$1.52 
(1)For2022, we recorded $1.1 million in asset impairment charges to fully expense the second quarternet book value of 2020, sales were reduced by an incremental $0.6 million sales adjustment related to our GSA Contracts based on the resultscertain software assets in anticipation of the Review conducted by our outside legal counsel and forensic accountants.execution of this plan. These charges are included in restructuring costs. No other charges have been accrued as we have determined separate triggering events which would prompt the recognition of expense.
(2)During 2020, in connection with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $13.7 million during the first quarter 2020, $0.6 million during the second quarter, $0.3 million during the third quarter and $1.2 million during the fourth quarter primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs including a non-cash expense of $0.4 million related to the disposal of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets.

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2021.2022. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report, on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of the control objectives and design, our implementation of the controls and the effect of the controls on the information generated for use in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Report. In conducting this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined by Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, were effective as of December 31, 20212022, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarteryear ended December 31, 20212022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is the process designed under the Chief Executive Officer’s and the Chief Financial Officer’s supervision, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility that misstatements may not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, an effective control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the designed control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(c). In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework. We have excluded from the scope of our assessment of internal control over financial reporting the operations and related assets of Holobuilder, Inc.GeoSLAM and its subsidiary, Bitstars GmbH (collectively, “Holobuilder”),SiteScape, which we acquired in 2021.2022. At December 31, 20212022 and for the period from acquisition through December 31, 2021,2022, total assets and sales subject to Holobuilder'sGeoSLAM's and SiteScape's internal control over financial reporting both represented less than oneapproximately two percent of our consolidated total assets and total sales, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022. Based on our assessment under the framework in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.2022.
Grant Thornton LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, which appears below.
FARO Technologies, Inc.
Lake Mary, Florida
February 16, 202215, 2023

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Shareholders
FARO Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of FARO Technologies, Inc. (a Florida corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, and our report dated February 16, 202215, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.Reporting (“Management’s Report”). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Our audit of, and opinion on, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not include the internal control over financial reporting of Holobuilder,NGH Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, “GeoSLAM”) and SiteScape Inc., a (“SiteScape”) wholly-owned subsidiary,subsidiaries, whose financial statements'statements reflect total assets and sales represented less than 1%constituting approximately 2% percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.2022. As indicated in Management’s Report, Holobuilder, Inc. wasGeoSLAM and SiteScape were acquired during 2021.2022. Management’s assertion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting excluded internal control over financial reporting of Holobuilder, Inc.

GeoSLAM and SiteScape.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Orlando,Jacksonville, Florida
February 16, 202215, 2023
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
On and effective February 15, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors, upon the recommendation of the Nominating, Governance and Sustainability Committee of the Board, approved and adopted an amendment (the “Florida Forum Provision”) to the Company’s bylaws to provide that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim or breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Florida Business Corporation Act or the Company’s articles of incorporation or bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within Seminole County in the State of Florida (or, if no such state court within Seminole County has jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Florida, or if no such other state court located within the State of Florida has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the Middle District of Florida). In addition, the Florida Forum Provision provides that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the Florida Forum Provision; provided, however, that shareholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The foregoing summary of the Florida Forum Provision is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Company’s bylaws, as amended and restated and filed as Exhibit 3.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference herein.None.


ITEM 9C.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTION
None.

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PART III
 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item with respect to directors and executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the headings “Election of Directors” and “Executive Officers” contained in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which we refer to as the Proxy Statement.
The information required by this Item regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act appears under the heading “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item with respect to corporate governance and our Code of Ethicsitem is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.”our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item regarding executive compensationitem is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Executive Compensation” and “2021 Director Compensation.”
The information required by this Item regarding Compensation Committee interlocks and insider participation is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.”our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder mattersitem is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownershipour 2023 Annual Meeting of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”Shareholders.
 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item about certain relationships and related transactions appears under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item regarding director independenceitem is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.”our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.


ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item about principal accountant fees and services as well as related pre-approval policies appears under the heading “Independent Public Accountants” in the Proxy Statement anditem is incorporated herein by reference.reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
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PART IV
 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)    (1) Financial Statements.
The following consolidated financial statements required by this item are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
All financial statement schedules have been omitted as they are either not required or not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included in our consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(b) Exhibits. The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Report.


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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit No.Description
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number  Exhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateProvided Herewith
2.1**8-K000-230812.1August 30, 2016
2.2**8-K000-230812.1July 19, 2018
3.1  S-1/A333-329833.1September 10, 1997
3.2  10-K000-230813.2February 16, 2022
4.1  S-1/A333-329834.1September 10, 1997
4.210-K000-230814.2February 16, 2022
4.38-K000-230814.1January 24, 2023
4.48-K000-230814.1, Exhibit AJanuary 24, 2023
10.1*  Proxy Statement, Schedule 14A000-23081Appendix AApril 15, 2009
10.2*  8-K000-2308110.1April 15, 2011
10.3*  8-K000-2308110.1June 3, 2014
10.4*8-K000-2308110.1May 15, 2018
10.5*  10-Q000-230814.2August 3, 2022
10.6*10-Q000-2308110.2October 27, 2021
10.7  10-K000-2308110.8February 29, 2016
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10.8*  10-K000-2308110.10February 29, 2016
10.9*  10-K000-2308110.12February 29, 2016
10.10*  10-K000-2308110.13February 29, 2016
10.11*10-Q000-2308110.4August 2, 2016
10.12*10-K000-2308110.15February 24, 2017
10.13*10-K000-2308110.14February 21, 2018
10.14*10-Q000-2308110.5May 1, 2019
10.15*10-Q000-2308110.6May 1, 2019
10.16*10-K000-2308110.15February 19, 2020
10.17*8-K000-2308110.1April 9, 2019
10.18*8-K000-2308110.1July 16, 2019
10.19*  10-Q000-2308110.1November 2, 2022
10.20*X
10.21*10-K000-2308110.25February 21, 2019
10.22*10-K000-2308110.26February 21, 2019
10.23  10-K000-2308110.15March 10, 2008
10.24  10-K000-2308110.27February 26, 2010
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10.258-K000-2308110.1March 5, 2019
10.26  10-K000-2308110.26February 26, 2010
10.27  8-K000-2308110.1May 16, 2014
10.28

8-K000-2308110.1January 31, 2019
10.29  8-K000-2308110.1September 12, 2014
10.30  10-K000-2308110.27February 21, 2018
10.3110-K000-2308110.35February 21, 2019
10.32*8-K000-2308110.1October 28, 2020
10.33*8-K000-2308110.2October 28, 2020
10.348-K000-2308110.1March 2, 2021
10.3510-Q000-2308110.3October 27, 2021
10.36*10-Q000-2308110.1April 27, 2022
21.1  X
23.1  X
24.1  X
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10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
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10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38

10.39
10.40
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
10.45
10.46
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10.47
21.1
23.1
24.1
31-A  X
31-B  X
32-A  X
32-B  X
99.1  X
101  The following information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021,2022, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial StatementsX
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.X
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentX
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentX
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentX
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (Formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)X
*Indicates management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements
**Schedules and exhibits are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedules or exhibits to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
   FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Date:February 16, 202215, 2023By: /s/ Allen Muhich
 Allen Muhich, Chief Financial Officer
 (Duly Authorized Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of MICHAEL BURGER AND ALLEN MUHICH as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
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Signature  Title Date
/s/ Michael Burger  Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) February 16, 202215, 2023
Michael Burger
/s/ Allen Muhich  Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) February 16, 202215, 2023
Allen Muhich
/s/ John DonofrioYuval WassermanChairman of the Board and DirectorFebruary 16, 202215, 2023
John DonofrioYuval Wasserman
/s/ Lynn Brubaker  Director February 16, 202215, 2023
Lynn Brubaker
/s/ Stephen R. Cole  Director February 16, 202215, 2023
Stephen R. Cole
/s/ Yuval WassermanJohn DonofrioDirectorFebruary 16, 202215, 2023
Yuval WassermanJohn Donofrio
/s/ Jeroen van Rotterdam  Director February 16, 202215, 2023
Jeroen van Rotterdam
/s/ Alex DavernDirectorFebruary 16, 202215, 2023
Alex Davern
/s/ Moonhie ChinDirectorFebruary 16, 202215, 2023
Moonhie Chin
/s/ Rajani RamanathanDirectorFebruary 15, 2023
Rajani Ramanathan
/s/ Jawad AhsanDirectorFebruary 15, 2023
Jawad Ahsan

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