Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30 2021, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________   to __________

Commission File Number 001-10647

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

22 East Broadway

Gardner, Massachusetts01440

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(978)630-1800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on December 31, 20202021 was approximately $15,147,628$22,844,417 based on a total of 10,098,4199,518,507 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates on December 31, 2020,2021, at the closing price of $1.50$2.40 per share as reported on the OTCQB market on December 31, 2020.2021.

The number of shares of outstanding common stock of the registrant as of September 21, 202127, 2022 was 13,282,476.16,915,089.

Documents incorporated by reference: None.

 ,

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as defined under the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations and any other future events are forward-looking statements and based on our beliefs and assumptions. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “suggest,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “potential,” “expect,” “predict,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would” and other similar words are one way to identify such forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual results could vary materially from these forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect our current view with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions including, without limitation, those risks and uncertainties contained in the Risk Factors section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings made with the SEC. Although we believe that our expectations are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Based upon changing conditions, any one or more of these events described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended may not occur. All prior and subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to our Company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

ITEM 1.       BUSINESS.

Overview

We have been a developer and manufacturer of advanced optical instruments since 1982. Our medical instrumentation line includes traditional endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Our core efforts are targeted at the development of next generation endoscopes. Through internal research and development and working in partnership with our customers, we continuously develop next generation capabilities for designing and manufacturing 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision™ lenses, anticipating future requirements as the surgical community continues to demand smaller and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery. Our unique proprietary technology in these areas, combined with recent developments in the areas of 3D displays and millimeter sized CMOS image sensors, has allowed us to begin commercialization of these technologies. The products we design and build based on these technologies are providing enhanced imaging for existing surgical procedures and oftentimes represent critical imaging products, components and technology which enable the development of new medical device products and related medical procedures.

The COVID-19 world-wide pandemic and the domestic and international impact of policy decisions being made in major countries around the world has had, and mayis expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on various aspects of our business. WeWhile we and many of our medical device and defense contracting customers continue to operate as essential businesses, we have taken various actions to augment our operating and human resource policies and procedures to guard against the potential health hazards of COVID-19. Some of thoseThese augmented procedures can have a negative impact on our operational efficiencies. Given the uncertainty surrounding the continuation of economic slow-downs domestically and abroad, we cannot predict with certainty at this time what the future impact of COVID-19 and resulting business and economic policies in the US and abroad will be on our up-coming financial operating results.

Effective June 1, 2019 we acquired the operating assets ofAs Ross Optical Industries Inc. of El Paso, Texas which we began operatingalso operate as a divisionsupplier of our Company beginning on that date. The accompanying financial statements include the results of operations ofcustom optical components and assemblies for military and defense, medical and various other industrial applications. All products sold by us under the Ross Optical division for fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and the assets and liabilities of the division as of June 30, 2021 and 2020. The Ross Optical division expands our optics components and assemblies’ business toname include a custom andor catalog optics,optic, which areis sourced through Ross Optical’sour extensive domestic and worldwide network of optical fabrication companies. Most systems make use of optical lenses, prisms, mirrors and windows and range from individual optical components to complex mechano-optical assemblies. Products often include thin film optical coatings that are applied using theour in-house coating department. Over 70% of the Ross Optical division sales are in the United States, with the majority being specialized optical components for industrial applications and the remainder being assemblies. The balance of sales is split between military and medical device products.

On October 4, 2021, we closed on an asset purchase agreement with an effective date of October 1, 2021 with Lighthouse Imaging, LLC and Anania & Associates Investment Company, LLC for substantially all of the assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC, a Maine limited liability company operating a medical optics and digital imaging business. As Lighthouse Imaging of Windham, Maine we also operate as a manufacturer of advanced optical imaging systems and accessories. We have a strong expertise in electrical engineering and development of end to end medical visualization devices. Product development competencies at Lighthouse Imaging include Systems, Optical, Mechanical, Electrical and Process Development Engineering. Our product development team has extensive experience developing visualization systems that are used in a variety of clinical applications. Lighthouse Imaging is an industry leader in chip on tip visualization systems.

Approximately 54% of34% our total revenues inbusiness during the fiscal year 2021 were derivedended June 30, 2022 is from engineering services primarily relating to the design of medical device optical assemblies, 41% from the sale of both internally manufactured and purchased optical components, weand 25% from the manufacture of optical assemblies and sub-assemblies primarily for medical device instrument applications. Our proprietary medical instrumentation line, unique custom design manufacture and assemblemanufacturing capabilities, and expert electrical engineering and development has generated traditional proprietary endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom components we source, qualifyimaging and resellillumination products for our customers’ use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. We design and manufacture 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision lenses, assemblies and complete medical devices to our customers. Approximately 26%meet the surgical community’s continuing demand for smaller, disposable, and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery.

We are registered to the ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 13485:2016 Quality Standards and comply with the FDA Good Manufacturing Practices and the European Union Medical Device Directive for CE marking of our revenues in fiscal year 2021 were derived from optical engineering and design services, and the remaining 20% from the assembly and manufacture of endoscopic medical devises, sub-assemblies and optical components ordered by our customers and typically developed from the engineering and design services we perform for them. During fiscal year 2021, approximately 60% of our revenues were medical products related, 33% industrial, and 7% related to military and defense. The allocation of sales revenues between service offerings and industries was similar in fiscal year 2020 to those allocations in fiscal year 2021 described above. We expect sales revenue increases to result from assembly and manufacturing orders received from our customers for the products we assist them in designing using our unique optical product design and manufacturing capabilities.

By combining the unique capabilities of our company with the Ross Optical division we are experiencing opportunities for expanded sales of each division products and services throughout the combined customer base. Additionally, Ross’ expanded worldwide vendor relationships are benefiting our traditional efforts to source materials at competitive prices for our development projects and manufacturing activities.products.

History

We incorporated in Massachusetts in December 1982 and have been publicly-owned since November 1990. References to our Company contained herein include our two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Precise Medical, Inc. and Wood’s Precision Optics Corporation, Limited, except where the context otherwise requires. Effective June 1, 2019 we acquired the operating assets of Ross Optical Industries, Inc. of El Paso, Texas, which we began operating as a division of our Company beginning on that date. The accompanying financial statements include the results of operations of the Ross division for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 and its assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2021 and 2020.

Our websites are www.poci.com, www.rossoptical.com, and www.rossoptical.com.www.lighthouseoptics.com. Information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this report.

Principal Products and Services

Our Current Core Business: Since 1982, we have manufactured medical products such as endoscopes and endocouplers. We have developed and sold endoscopes incorporating various optical technologies including our proprietary Lenslock™ technology, for use in a variety of minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures. Today, we produce endoscopes for various applications, which are CE marked and therefore certified for sale throughout the European Economic Area. Since 1985, we have developed, manufactured and sold a proprietary product line of endocouplers. We also design and manufacture custom optical medical devices to satisfy our customers’ specific requirements. In addition to medical devices, we also manufacture and sell components and assemblies specially designed for industrial and military use.

The acquisition of the assets of Ross Optical Industries effective June 1, 2019 expanded our optics components and assemblies business. All products supplied by Ross Optical include a custom or catalog optic, which is sourced through Ross Optical’s extensive domestic and worldwide network of optical fabrication companies. Most systems make use of optical lenses, prisms, mirrors and windows and range from individual optical components to complex mechano-optical assemblies. Products often include thin film optical coatings that are applied by the Ross Optical division in-house coating department.

The acquisition of the assets of Lighthouse Imaging LLC effective October 1, 2021 expanded our electrical engineering and development of end-to-end medical visualization devices. Product development competencies at Lighthouse Imaging include systems, optical, mechanical, electrical and process development engineering. The Lighthouse product development team has extensive experience developing visualization systems that are used in a variety of clinical applications representing a vertical integration of our established product development capabilities we believe will provide our customers with value-added product development service and product offerings.

Microprecision™ Lenses and Micro Medical Cameras: While the size of endoscopes has gradually decreased over time, the widespread use of very small endoscopes, with diameters of one millimeter or smaller, has been limited, in part, we believe, by the inability of traditional lens fabrication methods to support these smaller sizes with good image quality and acceptable manufacturing costs. We believe our Microprecision™ optics technology provides a solution to this problem. Combined with recent advances by other companies in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, or CMOS, image sensor fabrication techniques, our Microprecision™ lenses and proprietary manufacturing techniques enable the manufacture of micro medical cameras at low prices and with sizes on the order of one millimeter or less, characteristics that make them well suited to medical applications. 

We are currently engaged in development projects with numerous customers to design and produce even smaller CMOS based camera modules together with customized illumination using various technologies to match the needs of the medical device endoscopes. We are also currently designing disposable versions of our camera modules and assemblies designed for single-use and reduced risk of contamination from repeated use. We believe these on-going improvements are significant to the continued evolution and acceptance of our Microprecision™ technology platform. 

We have been engaged by various customers for an increasing amount of development work relating to the design of endoscopes and camera assemblies that utilize our Microprecision™ technology. We previously received production orders each exceeding $1M and follow-on orders from multiple customers for their custom designed products fulfillment of which is ongoing. We believe we will receive additional production orders from other customers currently in our engineering and design pipeline.

3D Endoscopes: Our 3D endoscopes provide next generation optical imaging for minimally invasive surgical procedures that utilize hand-held rigid endoscopes by using the brain’s natural ability to perceive depth, which is the third dimension, by viewing one’s environment through two eyes. Utilizing our proprietary technology to provide independent images to right and left eyes, surgeons can view the operative field with 3D perception.

Competition and Markets

We sell our products in highly competitive markets and we compete for business with both foreign and domestic manufacturers. Many of our current competitors are larger than us and have substantially greater resources than we do. In addition, there is an ongoing risk that other domestic or foreign companies who do not currently service or manufacture products for our target markets, some with greater experience in the optics industry and greater financial resources than we have, may seek to produce products or services that compete directly with ours.

While our resources are substantially more limited than those of some of our competitors, we believe that we can compete successfully in this market on the basis of product quality, price, delivery and innovation tailored to our customers’ specifications. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to maintain a technological advantage over our competitors and to effectively incorporate that technology into our custom designs. To this end, we intend to continue to aggressively support and augment our internal engineering, research and development resources and to aggressively pursue patent protection for existing and new technology. We believe that our unique technical capabilities in the areas of Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras and illumination, as well as 3D endoscopes, currently represent competitive advantages for us in the minimally invasive surgical device market. We recently augmented and extended these capabilities with the acquisition of Lighthouse Imaging which brings to the Company extensive experience with design and manufacture of minimally invasive optical imaging surgical devices, particularly those utilizing CMOS sensor and associated electronics technologies.

The competitive advantage of our Ross Optical division is its ability to provide difficult-to-find optics, and, increasingly, to provide a broader range of services based on its ability to source optics worldwide and augmented by its ability to provide thin-film coatings and assembly.

Market Opportunities

Microprecision™ Lenses and Micro Medical Cameras: While other approaches exist for the manufacture of camera lenses, we design custom camera module assemblies with the combined objectives of low cost, small size, range of optical specifications and high image quality required by our customer’s precise medical device specifications. By enabling the production of millimeter sized and smaller cameras with low manufacturing costs, we believe our Microprecision™ technology opens the possibility to replace existing re-sterilizable endoscopes with a single-use alternative. Also, the small size of our Microprecision™ lenses and micro medical cameras combined with our proprietary illumination techniques can provide visualization for existing procedures that are currently performed blind or with sub-optimal imaging, and we believe can facilitate the development of new surgical procedures that are currently impractical without sub-millimeter visualization instrumentation. 

3D Endoscopes and Robotic Surgery Systems: 3D endoscopes have been used for many years as part of robotic surgery systems partly because the market price of robotic surgery systems is high enough to support the cost of a high-quality custom 3D display. Competition amongst medical device companies, many of which are our customers for other products, in the area of 3D robotic surgery systems is increasing, and various companies are now pursuing less expensive, procedure specific robotic systems. We believe our experience and expertise in 3D endoscopes for medical applications could be a benefit to various companies in this area that could provide us with new product development and manufacturing opportunities.

Sales and Marketing

Current sales and marketing activities are intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our new technology platforms and our successful application of these new technologies to medical device projects requiring surgery-grade visualization, as well as defense and other industrial applications, from sub-millimeter sized devices and 3D endoscopy, including single-use products and assemblies. We market directly to established medical device companies primarily in the United States that we believe could benefit from our advanced endoscopy visualization systems. Through this direct marketing, referrals, attendance at trade shows and a presence in online professional association websites, we have expanded our on-going pipeline of projects to significant medical device companies and to well-funded emerging technology companies. We expect our customer pipeline to continue to expand as development projects transition to production orders and new customer projects enter the development phase. Our Ross Optical division marketsand Lighthouse divisions market through existing customers and trade shows, in addition to proactive online marketing strategies executed primarily through its website.their websites. Through the gradual integration of the sales, marketing and marketingoperating resources of the twothree operations we have begunexpect to realize both expanded sales opportunities offrom the Ross component products and our micro optics engineering services, as well as benefits from utilizingcoupling of Ross’ worldwide vendor relationships for optical components.components with our micro optics engineering services now expanded and strengthened by the addition of the Lighthouse electrical engineering expertise.

International Business

Other than the Ross Optical division international sales described below, we have had negligible direct export sales to date. However, our medical products have received the CE mark certification, which permits sales into the European Economic Area and which benefits our customers as they market their products manufactured by us or containing our sub-assemblies into markets outside the United States. In the future, we may establish or use additional production facilities overseas to produce key components for our business, such as lenses. From the 1990s through approximately 2014, we maintained a physical presence in Asia to support business and quality control activities throughout the region as needed. We continue to acquire various optical components from overseas to meet the needs of custom device designs. We believe that the availability of specialized components and cost savings from various overseas production resources is essential to our ability to deliver complex and unique device designs and to compete on a price basis in the medical products area particularly and to our profitability generally.

The addition of Ross Optical addshas an expanded network of overseas suppliers of various types and sizes of optical components and assemblies that will enhance our ability to meet the material demands of our customers’ unique optical and medical device designs. During fiscal year 2021, 13%2022, 23% of the Ross Optical division sales were to customers outside of the United States and Canada, with the balance of sales primarily split between Western Europe and Singapore.

Research and Development

We believe that our future success depends, to a large degree, on our ability to continue to conceive and develop new optical products and technologies to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing and new products. Although development work on behalf of customers is almost entirely performed under revenue generating contracts and customer purchase orders, research and development expenses are incurred on our own proprietary products and technology, such as Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras and 3D endoscopes. Accordingly, we treat engineering expenses not consumed in customer contracted development and our investment of funds and resources in internal product and intellectual property development as research and development expense in the accompanying statement of operations. For the years ended June 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, research and development expenses were $624,253$666,479 and $886,129,$624,253, respectively.

Raw Materials and Principal Suppliers

A key raw material component for our products is precision grade optical glass, which we obtain from a few suppliers, principally SCHOTT North America, Inc. and Ohara Corporation. 

We obtain CMOS sensors used in our development of endoscope products for our customers from various suppliers such as OmniVision Technologies, Inc. We believe that while the number of sources of supply is limited for the CMOS sensors with the specifications used in medical device endoscopes we develop; the manufacturing capacities of those suppliers is adequate to meet our demand in the next twelve months.

We have experienced supply disruptions and customer delays from certain vendors and customers that we believe were the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic slow-down. Although we are not currently experiencing vendor supply issues as a result of COVID-19, we cannot predict with certainty at this time what the future impact of COVID-19 and resulting business and economic policies in the US and abroad will be on our vendors and principal suppliers.

Patents and Trademarks

We rely, in part, upon patents, trade secrets and proprietary knowledge as well as personnel policies and employee confidentiality agreements concerning inventions and other creative efforts to develop and maintain our competitive position. We plan to file for patents, copyrights and trademarks in the United States and in other appropriate countries to protect our intellectual property rights to the greatest extent practicable. We currently hold rights to various United States patents, and have patent applications pending, including applications for our new generation of micro medical cameras. Our current patent portfolio includes patents, rights to patents and patent applications that cover various aspects of our technology in the following areas:

The patents contained in our current patent portfolio have various expiration dates through May 2036. We are not aware of any infringements of these patents. While we believe that our pending applications relate to patentable devices or concepts, these patents may not ultimately be issued and we may not be able to successfully defend these patents or effectively limit the development of competitive products and services.

In July 2011, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc., in which we assigned to Intuitive Surgical all of the issued and non-expired patents and pending patent applications that we held at that time, and in return, Intuitive Surgical granted us a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical robotics.

We intend to continue to innovate and extend our technological capabilities in the areas of 3-D endoscopy Microprecision™ optics, micro medical cameras, and related illumination techniques, and to aggressively pursue patent protection for such developments.

Employees

As of June 30, 2021,2022, we had 5277 employees, 5076 of which were full-time employees. There were 2836 employees in manufacturing, 9 in21in engineering/research and development, 68 in sales, and 912 in finance and administration. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. We believe our relations with our employees are very good.

Customers

During fiscal year 20212022 we sold product and services to over 326377 customers and no customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020.2021.

Our largest customer account receivable balance at June 30, 2021,2022, was 16%8% of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2020,2021, our largest customer account receivable balance was 14%16% of total accounts receivable. No other accounts accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2021,2022, or 2020.2021.

Environmental Matters

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relative to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use a small amount of hazardous materials in our operations. We believe that we currently comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations and intend to do our best efforts to remain in compliance. Such compliance does not entail significant expense to us.

Government Regulations

Domestic Regulation. We currently develop, manufacture and sell several medical products, the marketing of which is subject to governmental regulation in the United States. Medical devices are regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and, in some cases, by certain state agencies. The FDA regulates the research, design, testing, manufacture, safety, effectiveness, labeling, promotion and distribution of medical devices in the United States. Generally, medical devices require clearance or approval prior to commercial distribution. Additionally, certain material changes to, and changes in, intended uses of, medical devices are also subject to FDA review and clearance or approval. Non-compliance with applicable requirements can result in failure of the FDA to grant pre-market clearance or approval, withdrawal or suspension of approval, suspension of production, or the imposition of various other penalties.

We previously notified the FDA of our intent to market our endoscopes, image couplers, beamsplitters, adapters and video ophthalmoscopes, and the FDA has determined that we may market such devices, subject to the general control provisions of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. We obtained this FDA permission without the need to undergo a lengthy and expensive approval process due to the FDA’s determination that such devices met the regulatory standard of being substantially equivalent to existing FDA-approved devices.

In the future, we plan to market additional medical devices that may require the FDA’s permission to market such products. We may also develop additional products or seek to sell some of our current or future medical products in a manner that requires us to obtain the permission of the FDA to market such products, as well as the regulatory approval or license of other federal, state and local agencies or similar agencies in other countries. The FDA has authority to conduct detailed inspections of manufacturing plants in order to assure that “good manufacturing practices” are being followed in the manufacture of medical devices including medical devices or components of medical devices manufactured for other medical device companies, to require periodic reporting of product defects to the FDA, and to prohibit the sale of devices which do not comply with law.

We design and manufacture components for the defense industry, and our Ross Optical division imports, exports and manufactures optical products for the defense industry, some of which is controlled by U.S. regulations. Generally, these regulations require strict control over technical data in documented form and as embodied in products, both within our company and as part of exported shipments. In particular, we maintain a technology control plan, we are ISO certified and ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) registered with the U.S. State Department and we maintain a number of technology assistance agreements with overseas suppliers that have been approved by the U.S. State Department. Non-compliance with applicable requirements can result in U.S. actions that may result in withdrawal or suspension of approvals, suspension of company imports, exports or production, or the imposition of fines or various other penalties.

Foreign Requirements. Sales of medical device products outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that may vary from country to country. Our failure to comply with foreign regulatory requirements would jeopardize our ability to market and sell our products in foreign jurisdictions. The regulatory environment in the European Union member countries of the European Economic Area for medical device products differs from that in the United States. Medical devices sold in the European Economic Area must bear the Conformité Européenne, or CE mark. Devices are classified by manufacturers according to the risks they represent, with a classification of Class III representing the highest risk devices and Class I representing the lowest risk devices. Once a device has been classified, the manufacturer can follow one of a series of conformity assessment routes, typically through a registered quality system, and demonstrate compliance to a “European Notified Body.” The CE mark may then be applied to the device. Maintenance of the system is ensured through annual on-site audits by the notified body and a post-market surveillance system requiring the manufacturer to submit serious complaints to the appropriate governmental authority. All of our medical products are manufactured in conformity with the CE mark requirements.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

In addition to the other information set forth in this annual report, you should carefully consider the following factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our Company. The following information should be read together and in conjunction with “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1. Business,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. 

We have a history of losses, we may continue to incur losses and not achieve profitability in the near term; and we may need to raise additional funds.

During the years ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020,2021, we incurred operating losses of $905,583$1,513,890 and $1,422,983,$905,583, respectively. Our accumulated deficit at June 30, 2021,2022, amounted to $47,165,978.$48,094,394. We had working capital of $2,265,325$1,918,575 and $1,797,705$2,265,325 as of June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020,2021, respectively. We may continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and not achieve sustained profitability in the near term. We must generate sufficient cash flow or raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, and penetrate markets for the sale of our products. If required we believe that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, strategic alliances, or other means. However, if we are unable to secure adequate additional capital when needed, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations.

We depend on the availability of certain key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources and we may experience difficulty with certain suppliers due to the COVID-19 world-wide pandemic and we may have difficulty finding alternative sources of these supplies or services.

We source certain key supplies to develop and manufacture our products, particularly our precision grade optical glass, which is available from only a few sources, in China. During the early stages of the COVID-19 world-wide pandemic, we experienced difficulties with certain suppliers in China. Until the pandemic is sufficiently under control, we may experience further difficulties with suppliers. Our business could be affected if we become unable to procure these essential materials and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices. We are always evaluating our suppliers and alternative sources. If we experience a shortage of certain supplies and are unable to find an alternative source, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. 

We may not realize the opportunities from our acquisition of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC.

In October 2021, we purchased substantially all the assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC, a manufacturer of advanced optical imaging systems and accessories.  With the Lighthouse acquisition we strengthened our expertise in electrical engineering and development of end-to-end medical visualization devices. The success of the Lighthouse acquisition will depend on our ability to realize the anticipated opportunities to expand our product offerings and our stable of customers. There is no assurance that we will be able to realize those opportunities.

The COVID-19 world-wide pandemic and the economic effects of governmental entities and commercial business policy decisions relating to it could cause disruptions with our sources of supply and customer orders and their ability to pay amounts owed us.

The COVID-19 world-wide pandemic that began during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and the domestic and international impact of policy decisions being made in major countries around the world has had, and is expected to have, an adverse impact on our sources of supply, supply chain logistics, current and future orders from our customers, collection of amounts owed to us from our customers, our internal operating procedures, and our overall financial condition. We have taken various actions to augment our operating and human resource policies and procedures to guard against the potential health hazards of COVID-19. These augmented procedures can have a negative impact on our operational efficiencies. We source various components from overseas suppliers throughout Asia including China. We have experienced supply chain and supplier disruptions as well as customer order delays and slow-downs, which we believe was the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic slow-down. Given the uncertainty surrounding the continuation of supply chain disruptions, customer delays, and overall economic slow-downs domestically and abroad, we cannot predict with certainty at this time what the future impact of COVID-19 and resulting business and economic policies in the US and abroad will be on our future operating results. 

We rely on a small number of customers who may not consistently purchase our products in the future and if we lose any one of these customers, our revenues may decline.

In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020,2021, our largest customer represented approximately 9% of our total revenues. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues during those periods. At June 30, 2022, our largest customer account receivable balance was 8% of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2021, our largest customer account receivable balance was 16% of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2020, our largest customer account receivable balance was 14% of total accounts receivable. No other customer accounted formfor more than 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2021,2022, or 2020.2021.

In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. These customers may not consistently purchase our products at a particular rate over any subsequent period. A loss of any of these customers could adversely affect our revenues.

We could suffer unrecoverable losses on our customers’ accounts receivable, which would adversely affect our financial results.

At June 30, 2021,2022, our largest customer account receivable balance was 16%8% of total accounts receivable. While we believe we have a varied customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, we may experience changes in our customer base, including reductions in purchasing commitments, which could also have a material adverse effect on our revenues and liquidity. Additionally, our customers could become unable or unwilling to pay amounts owed to us. During fiscal 2018, we recorded a $227,500 reserve against accounts receivable amounts owed to us by one customer that has not been able to pay us for design services we provided. We have not had significant accounts receivable write-offs or additions to the accounts receivable reserve since then. We have not purchased insurance on our accounts receivable balances. Large uncollectible accounts receivable balances could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

We rely heavily upon the talents of our Chief Executive Officer and our President of the Ross Optical Division, the loss of whom could damage our business.

Our performance depends, to a large extent, on a small number of key scientific, technical, managerial and manufacturing personnel. In particular, we believe our success is highly dependent upon the services and reputation of our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Joseph N. Forkey and our President of the Ross Optical division, Mr. Divaker Mangadu. The loss of Dr. Forkey’s services could damage our business. Dr. Forkey provides highly valuable contributions to our capabilities in optical instrument development, in management of new technology and in potentially significant longer-term Company initiatives. The loss of Mr. Mangadu could damage the operations of the Ross Optical division as Mr. Mangadu provides highly valuable contributions to the effective operation of Ross including its sales, customer and vendor relationships, production activities and overall administration. We do not carry key-man life insurance on Dr. Forkey or Mr. Mangadu.

We must continue to be able to attract and retain employees with the scientific and technical skills that our business requires and if we are unable to attract and retain such individuals, our business could be severely damaged.

Our ability to attract and retain employees with a high degree of scientific and technical talent is crucial to the success of our business. There is intense competition for the services of such persons, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to attract and retain individuals possessing the necessary qualifications. If we cannot attract and retain such individuals, we may not be able to perform the necessary design services for our customers or produce our products causing damage to our business or an inability to meet customer demand or increase revenues.

We are subject to a high degree of regulatory oversight and, if we do not continue to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, our revenues may decline.

The FDA has granted us clearance to manufacture and market the medical products we currently sell in the United States. However, prior FDA approval may be required before we can market additional medical products that we may develop in the future. We may also seek to sell current or future medical products in a manner that requires us to obtain FDA permission to market such products. We may also require the regulatory approval or license of other federal, state or local agencies or comparable agencies in other countries.

We may lose the FDA’s permission to manufacture and market our current products or may not obtain the necessary regulatory permission, approvals or licenses for the manufacturing or marketing of any of our future products. Also, we cannot predict the impact on our business of FDA regulations or determinations arising from future legislation or administrative action. If we lose the FDA’s permission to manufacture and market our current products or we do not obtain regulatory permission to manufacture and market our future products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.

We face risks inherent in product development and production under fixed-price purchase orders and these purchase orders may not be profitable over time.

A portion of our business has been devoted to research, development and production under fixed-price purchase orders. For our purposes, a fixed-price purchase order is any purchase order under which we will provide products or services for a fixed-price over an extended period of time, usually six months or longer. Fixed-price purchase orders have represented as much as 50% of our total revenues during periods in the last several years. We expect that revenues from fixed-price purchase orders will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future fiscal years.

Because they involve performance over time, we cannot predict with certainty the expenses involved in meeting our obligations under fixed-price purchase orders. Therefore, we can never be sure at the time we enter into any single fixed-price purchase order that such purchase order will continue to be profitable for us throughout the fixed-price period.

We primarily perform engineering and manufacturing services for our customers who could decide to use another vendor for these services in the future.

A significant portion of our revenues are derived from engineering and manufacturing services that we perform to design and fabricate medical device products or sub-assemblies of medical device products for our customers who in turn sell the products to the end users. Our customers typically own the proprietary rights to and control commercial distribution of the final products. Therefore, in many of these cases we do not own the proprietary rights to the medical device products that we manufacture or that our sub-assemblies are made a part of. Our customers could decide to use other suppliers for these services based on cost, quality, delivery time, production capacities, competitive and regulatory considerations or other factors. Thus, revenues from our customers and the products and services we provide them are subject to significant fluctuation on a product to product basis from period to period.

We resell products we purchase from third parties and our customers could decide to use another vendor for to acquire those products.

Our division Ross Optical, which we acquired effective June 1, 2019, primarily acquires specialized optical components and assemblies from third parties pursuant to specifications provided from its customers, inspects and sometimes further processes those products before reselling them to its customers. Because Ross Optical does not manufacture the optical components and assemblies or owns the intellectual property rights to the products its customers could choose to obtain those products and services from other sources or could apply pressure to Ross Optical to lower its prices resulting in reduced future gross margins and operating results.

Third parties may infringe on our intellectual property and, as a result, we could incur significant expense in protecting our patents or not have sufficient resources to protect them.

We utilize numerous licensed patents that are important to our business. In July 2011, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. in which we assigned to Intuitive Surgical all the issued and non-expired patents and pending patent applications we held at that time and, in return, Intuitive Surgical granted to us a royalty-free, worldwide license to these patents in fields outside of medical robotics.

Although we are not currently aware of any past or present infringements of our patents, we plan, jointly with Intuitive Surgical, to protect these patents from infringement and obtain additional patents whenever feasible. To this end, we have obtained confidentiality agreements from our employees and consultants and others who have access to the design of our products and other proprietary information. Protecting and obtaining patents, however, is both time consuming and expensive. We therefore may not have the resources necessary to assert all potential patent infringement claims or pursue all patents that might be available to us. If our competitors or other third parties infringe on our patents, our business may be harmed.

Third parties may claim that we have infringed on their patents and, as a result, we could be prohibited from using all or part of any technology used in our products.

Should third parties claim a proprietary right to all or part of any technology that we use in our products, such a claim, regardless of its merit, could involve us in costly litigation. If successful, such a claim could also result in us being unable to freely use the technology that was the subject of the claim, or sell products embodying such technology. If we engage in litigation, our expenses may increase and our business may be harmed. If we are prohibited from using a particular technology in our products, our revenues may decline and our business may be harmed.

We depend on the availability of certain key supplies and services that are available from only a few sources and if we experience difficulty with a supplier, we may have difficulty finding alternative sources of these supplies or services.

We require certain key supplies to develop and manufacture our products, particularly our precision grade optical glass, which is available from only a few sources, each of which is located outside of the United States. Additionally, we rely on outside vendors to grind and polish certain of our lenses and other optical components, such as prisms and windows. We also rely on a limited number of suppliers for specialized CMOS sensors and the electronic wiring of those sensors. Based upon our ordering experience to date, we believe the materials and services required for the production of our products are currently available in sufficient quantities to meet our needs. Our requirements are small relative to the total supply, and we are not currently encountering problems with availability. However, this does not mean that we will continue to have timely access to adequate supplies of essential materials and services in the future or that supplies of these materials and services will be available on satisfactory terms when the need arises. Our business could be severely damaged if we become unable to procure these essential materials and services in adequate quantities and at acceptable prices.

From time to time, subcontractors may produce some of our products for us, and our business is subject to the risk that these subcontractors fail to make timely delivery. Our products and services are also used as components of the products and services of other manufacturers. We are therefore subject to the risk that manufacturers who integrate our products or services into their own products or services are unable to acquire essential supplies and services from third parties in a timely fashion. If this occurs, we may not be able to deliver our products on a timely basis and our revenues may decline.

Our customers may claim that the products we sold them were defective and if our insurance is not sufficient to cover such a claim, we would be liable for the excess.

Like any manufacturer, we are and always have been exposed to liability claims resulting from the use of products we assist in developing, manufacture and supply to our customers. Additionally, the products we supply could be used in conjunction with other products in medical device applications, such as certain endoscope products claimed to be associated with surgical suite contamination resulting from their intended re-use and re-sterilization. We maintain product liability insurance to cover us in the event of liability claims, and as of September 24, 2021,23, 2022, no such claims have been asserted or threatened against us. However, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all possible future product claims, costs and any resulting liabilities.

We would be liable if our business operations harmed the environment and a failure to maintain compliance with environmental laws could severely damage our business.

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. From time to time, we use hazardous materials in our operations. Although we believe that we comply with all applicable environmental laws and regulations, our business could be severely damaged by any failure to maintain such compliance.

Our quarterly financial results vary quarter to quarter and depend on many factors. As a result, we cannot predict with a high degree of certainty our operating results in any particular fiscal quarter.

Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly depending upon factors such as:

We may not be able to grow or sustain revenues or achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and levels of revenue and/or profitability may vary from one such period to another.

SomeMany of our competitors are large, well-financed companies who have research and marketing capabilities that are superior to ours.

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors have greater financial resources and manufacturing capabilities, more established and larger marketing and sales organizations and larger technical staffs than we have. Other companies, some with greater experience in the optics, semiconductor or medical products industries, are seeking to produce products and services that compete with our products and services.

Ross Optical is subject to tariffs and regulatory scrutiny, and it faces the risk of changes to this regulatory environment and business in the future.

Ross Optical is ISO and ITAR registered and currently imports, exports, and manufactures optical products for the defense industry, some of which are controlled by regulations promulgated by the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. If Ross Optical fails to comply with the terms of these regulations and registrations, it may lose its ITAR registration or suffer other consequences, such as the withdrawal or suspension of approvals, suspension of imports, exports or production, or the imposition of fines or other penalties.

There is also the risk that new laws or regulations or changes in enforcement practices applicable to the business of Ross Optical could be imposed, which may adversely affect its ability to compete effectively with other institutions that are not affected in the same way, or which may impact its supplier and customers. In addition, regulation imposed on market participants generally, such as foreign tariff increases could negatively affect the overall profitability of Ross Optical’s international business.

These developments could impact Ross Optical’s profitability, or even make it uneconomical for Ross Optical to continue to conduct all or certain of its business, or could cause Ross Optical to incur significant costs associated with adjusting its business to these changes.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK

Trading in our common stock is limited and the price of our common stock may be subject to substantial volatility.

Our common stock is quoted on OTCQB, the OTC market tier for companies that report to the SEC, under the symbol PEYE. We expect our common stock to continue to be quoted on the OTCQB for the foreseeable future. Broker-dealers may decline to trade in OTCQB stocks given the market for such securities is often limited, the stocks are more volatile and the risk to investors is greater. These factors may reduce the potential market for our common stock by reducing the number of potential investors. This may make it more difficult for investors in our common stock to sell shares to third parties or to otherwise dispose of their shares. This could cause our stock price to decline. 

Additionally, the price of our common stock may be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

“Penny stock” rules may make buying or selling our securities difficult which may make our stock less liquid and make it harder for investors to buy and sell our securities.

Trading in our securities is subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rule and we anticipate that trading in our securities will continue to be subject to the penny stock rules for the foreseeable future. The SEC has adopted regulations that generally define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules require that any broker-dealer who recommends our securities to persons other than prior customers and accredited investors must, prior to the sale, make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to execute the transaction. Unless an exception is available, the regulations require the delivery, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with trading in the penny stock market. In addition, broker-dealers must disclose commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities they offer. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by these requirements may discourage broker-dealers from recommending transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the liquidity of our securities and consequently adversely affect the market price for our securities.

We are contractually obligated to issue shares in the future, diluting your interest in us.

As of June 30, 2021,2022, there were 2,578,2002,714,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.13$1.33 per share. As of June 30, 2021,2022, a total of 731,498206,403 and 1,000,000 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance under our 2021 and 2022 Equity Incentive Plan.Plans respectively. Additionally, we issued 90,687195,113 shares of our common stock during fiscal year 20212022 for compensation and stock option exercises, and 3,437,500 shares of our common stock were issued during fiscal 2022 for the Lighthouse acquisition, which brought our total common shares outstanding to 13,282,47616,915,089 at June 30, 2021.2022. Moreover, we expect to issue additional shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock to compensate employees, consultants and directors, and we may issue additional shares to raise capital. Any such issuances will have the effect of further diluting the interest of the holders of our securities.

The market price of our common stock may be volatile, and the value of stockholders’ investment could decline significantly.

The trading price for our common stock has been, and we expect it to continue to be, volatile. The price at which our common stock trades depends upon a number of factors, including our historical and anticipated operating results, our financial situation, announcements of new products by us or our competitors, our ability or inability to raise the additional capital we may need and the terms on which we raise it, and general market and economic conditions. Some of these factors are beyond our control. Broad market fluctuations may lower the market price of our common stock and affect the volume of trading in our stock, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. It is impossible to assure you that the market price of our shares of common stock will not fall in the future. 

ITEM 2.       PROPERTIES.

We conduct our domestic operations at three facilities in Gardner, Massachusetts, and one facility in El Paso, Texas.Texas, and one facility in Windham, Maine. We are currently a tenant-at-will, paying rent of $9,000 per month for our main Gardner facility. We rent three other smaller Gardner facilities on a month-to-month basis. Our Ross Optical division rents a facility in El Paso, Texas from an unrelated party pursuant to an operating lease through May 2022June 2025 at monthly base rates beginning at $3,392$3,652 and increasing to $3,563$3,837 per month during the term of the lease. Our Lighthouse division rents a facility in Windham, Maine from an unrelated party pursuant to an operating lease through July 31, 2025, at a monthly base rate of $11,477 for the remainder of the lease.

We believe these facilities are adequate for our current operations and are adequately covered by insurance. Significant increases in production or the addition of significant equipment additions or manufacturing capabilities in connection with the production of our line of endoscopes and other products may, however, require improvements to existing facilities or the acquisition or lease of additional facilities. We may establish production facilities domestically or overseas to produce key assemblies or components, such as lenses, for our products. Overseas facilities may subject us to the political and economic risks associated with overseas operations. The loss of or inability to establish or maintain such additional domestic or overseas facilities could materially adversely affect our competitive position and profitability.

ITEM 3.       LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Our Company, on occasion, may become involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We are currently not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us or our officers and directors in their capacity as such that could have a material impact on our operations or finances.

ITEM 4.       MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted on OTCQB, the OTC market tier for companies that report to the SEC, under the symbol PEYE.

Holders

As of September 26, 2021,23, 2022, we had approximately 551,142 holders of record of our common stock. Holders of record include nominees who may hold shares on behalf of multiple owners.

Dividends

We have not declared any dividends during the last two fiscal years. At present, we intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance research and development and the expansion of our business.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We have not issued any unregistered securities since March 31,October 4, 2021.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table summarizes information about our equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2021.2022.

2006 Equity Incentive Plan

On November 28, 2006, our stockholders approved the Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2006 Plan, which succeeded the Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. Amended and Restated 1997 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 1997 Plan. No further awards have been or will be granted under the 1997 Plan. The 2006 Plan allowed for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates. No further awards will be granted under the 2006 Plan.

2011 Equity Incentive Plan

The Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2011 Plan, was adopted by our Board of Directors on October 13, 2011. The 2011 Plan allows for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates.

On April 16, 2015, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan which increased the maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be awarded under the Plan from 325,000 to 1,825,000, an increase of 1,500,000 shares. In connection therewith, on April 20, 2015, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 1,500,000 shares of common stock.

On May 1, 2019, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan to update the Plan for the latest changes to the tax laws and increase the maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be awarded under the Plan from 1,825,000 to 2,825,000, an increase of 1,000,000 shares. In connection therewith, on September 6, 2019, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 1,000,000 shares of common stock. 

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

The Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2021 Plan, was adopted by our Board of Directors on May 10, 2021. The 2021 Plan allows for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates for up to a total of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. In connection therewith, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the 1,000,000 shares of common stock.

2022 Equity Incentive Plan

The Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, referred to as the 2022 Plan, was adopted by our Board on February 7, 2022 and approved by our Shareholders on April 8, 2022. The 2022 Plan allows for the granting of stock options to selected employees, directors and other persons who provide services to us or our affiliates for up to a total of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. We plan to file a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the shares authorized under the 2022 Plan.

ITEM 6.       SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. [RESERVED]

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

ITEM 7.       MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes thereto, and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains descriptions of our expectations regarding future trends affecting our business. The following discussion sets forth certain factors we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

Overview

We have been a developer and manufacturer of advanced optical instruments since 1982. Our medical instrumentation line includes traditional endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Much of our recent development efforts have been targeted at the development of next generation endoscopes. We selectively execute internal research and development programs to develop next generation capabilities for designing and manufacturing 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision™ lenses, anticipating future requirements as the surgical community continues to demand smaller and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery.

As Ross Optical Industries of El Paso, Texas we also operate as a supplier of custom optical components and assemblies for military and defense, medical and various other industrial applications. All products sold by us under the Ross Optical name include a custom or catalog optic, which is sourced through our extensive domestic and worldwide network of optical fabrication companies. Most systems make use of optical lenses, prisms, mirrors and windows and range from individual optical components to complex mechano-optical assemblies. Products often include thin film optical coatings that are applied using our in-house coating department.

As Lighthouse Imaging of Windham, Maine we also operate as a manufacturer of advanced optical imaging systems and accessories. We have a strong expertise in electrical engineering and development of end-to-end medical visualization devices. Product development competencies at Lighthouse Imaging include Systems, Optical, Mechanical, Electrical and Process Development Engineering. Our product development team has extensive experience developing visualization systems that are used in a variety of clinical applications. Lighthouse Imaging is an industry leader in chip on tip visualization systems.

Approximately 60%34% of our business during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was2022 is from engineering services primarily relating to the design of medical device optical assemblies, 41% from the designsale of both internally manufactured and purchased optical components, and 25% from the manufacture of high-qualityoptical assemblies and sub-assemblies primarily for medical devices. Approximately 7% of our revenue during the same period was from the design, manufacture and resale of optical products for military and defense, and 33% was from other industrial, non-medical products.device instrument applications. Our proprietary medical instrumentation line, and unique custom design and manufacturing capabilities, includeand expert electrical engineering and development has generated traditional proprietary endoscopes and endocouplers as well as other custom imaging and illumination products for our customers’ use in minimally invasive surgical procedures. We design and manufacture 3D endoscopes and very small Microprecision™Microprecision lenses, assemblies and complete medical devices to meet the surgical community’s continuing demand for smaller, disposable, and more enhanced imaging systems for minimally invasive surgery.

We are registered to the ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 13485:2016 Quality Standards and comply with the FDA Good Manufacturing Practices and the European Union Medical Device Directive for CE marking of our medical products.

Our internet websites are www.poci.com, www.rossoptical.com, and www.rossoptical.com.www.lighthouseoptics.com. Information contained on our websites doesis not constitute partintended to be integrated into this report. Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information using our company websites (www.poci.com; www.rossoptical.com; www.lighthouseoptics.com), our investor relations website, SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. Information about Precision Optics, our business, and our results of operations may also be announced by social media posts on our Ross Optical and Lighthouse LinkedIn pages (www.linkedin.com/company/ross-optical-industries/) (https://www.linkedin.com/company/lighthouse-imaging-corporation/) and Twitter feed (http://twitter.com/rossoptical) and on our Lighthouse Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/lighthouseoptics/).

The information that we post on these social media channels could be deemed to be material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in Precision Optics to review the information that we post on these social media channels. These social media channels may be updated from time to time on Precision Optics investor relations website. The information on, or accessible through, our websites and social media channels is not incorporated by reference in this report.Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The markets in which we do business are highly competitive and include both foreign and domestic competitors. Many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do. Furthermore, other domestic or foreign companies, some with greater financial resources than we have, may seek to produce products or services that compete with ours. We routinely outsource specialized production efforts as required to obtain the most cost-effective production. Over the years we have achieved extensive experience collaborating with other optical specialists worldwide.

We believe that competition for sales of our medical products and services, which have been principally sold to original equipment manufacturers, or OEM, customers, is based on our ability to design and produce technical features, performance, engineering service and production scheduling, on-time delivery, quality control and product reliability, and competitive pricing.

We believe that our future success depends to a large degree on our ability to develop new optical products and services to enhance the performance characteristics and methods of manufacture of existing products and future products fully or partially enabled by our technologies and capabilities.products. Accordingly, we expect to continue to seek and obtain product-related design and development contracts with customers and to selectively invest our own funds on research and development, particularly in the areas of Microprecision™Microprecision optics, micro medical cameras, illumination, single-use endoscopes and 3D endoscopes.

The Ross Optical division sales are primarily optical components and assemblies for industrial applications in addition to medical and military uses. By combining the unique capabilities of our Company with the Ross Optical division we believe there are opportunities for expanded sales of each division’s products and services throughout the combined customer base. For example, we believe that our extensive engineering and design services may benefit Ross’ customer base and that Ross’ expanded worldwide vendor relationships may benefit our traditional efforts to source materials at competitive prices for our development projects and manufacturing activities.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, we sold products and services to 326 different customers and no single customer represented 10% or more of consolidated sales. Except for effect of potentially receiving future significant production orders, we expect this trend to continue since consolidated sales now include those of the Ross Optical division.

Current sales and marketing activities are intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our new technology platforms and our successful application of these new technologies to medical device projects requiring surgery-grade visualization from sub-millimeter sized devices and 3D endoscopy, including single-use products and assemblies. We market directly to established medical device companies primarily in the United States that we believe could benefit from our advanced endoscopy visualization systems. Through this direct marketing, referrals, attendance at trade shows and a presence in online professional association websites, we have expanded our on-going pipeline of projects to significant medical device companies as well as well-funded emerging technology companies. We expect our customer pipeline to continue to expand as development projects transition to production orders and new customer projects enter the development phase. Our Ross Optical division markets through existing customers and trade shows, in addition to proactive online marketing strategies executed primarily through its website. We believe there are opportunities to expand the reach of sales activities of our business and that of our new division, Ross Optical, through the gradual integration of some of the sales and marketing resources of the two operations. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are included in the Notes to our Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20212022 as Compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 20202021

Total revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 20212022 were $15,678,248, as compared to $10,674,907 for the same period in the prior year, an increase of $751,552,$5,003,341, or 7.6%46.9%, from revenues for fiscal year 2020primarily due to inclusion of $9,923,355. Engineering servicesthe Lighthouse division since its acquisition on October 4, 2021. Excluding the effect of the Lighthouse acquisition, assembly production revenue increased approximately $1,380,000$801,000 in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, optical component revenue increased approximately $731,000 while product and assembly production revenuesengineering revenue decreased approximately $607,000,$404,000, and optical component revenues were virtually unchanged during the same period.

The $1,380,000 increaseincreases in engineering service revenuesassembly production revenue were driven primarily by a large reorder from a large medical device company for a spinal surgery application, while the increases in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020 was the result of personnel additionsoptical components were largely driven by a large order from a large defense/aerospace customer. Decreases in the engineering group thereby raising revenue earning capacity, andyear over year are primarily due to timing of certain programs while the addition of two significant engineering projectspipeline for these revenue sources remains strong.

Our largest customer during the fiscal year 2021. One engineering project relates to optical spectroscopic measurementsended June 30, 2022 accounted for 9.4% of our revenue and the other relates to a single-use ophthalmic endoscope. We believe increased engineering service capacity and the continued addition of quality engineering projects generates opportunities for production purchase orders from these customers as the products advance to clinical evaluation and commercialization.

The $607,000 decrease in product andrepresented manufacturing assembly production revenues in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020 resulted primarily from reductions of sales to various production category customers which we believe are the result of the COVID-19 pandemic described below as well as cyclical and product life sales patterns periodically experienced with certain traditional product customers. Two products with reduced sales revenue in fiscal year 2021 considered temporary and the result of the market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are flexible endoscope for a cardiovascular surgical proceduremedical diagnostic system. We generated revenues from 377 unique customers during the year ended June 30, 2022, and a Microprecision™ CMOS scanning deviceno single customer accounted for a diagnostic ENT procedure. The third product with notably reduced sales10% or more of our revenue infor the fiscal year 2021 relates to a reusable visualization instrument used in spine surgery which experiences fluctuations in periodic revenues caused by product demand for new surgical sites and replacements for existing sites.years ended June 30, 2022, or 2021.

The COVID-19 world-wide pandemic that began during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and the domestic and international impact of policy decisions being made in major countries around the world has had, and could continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’sour sources of supply, current and future orders from our customers, collection of amounts owed to the Companyus from itsour customers, our internal operating procedures, and the Company’sour overall financial condition. Given the uncertainty surrounding the continuation of economic impacts both domestically and abroad, we cannot predict with certainty at this time what the future impact of COVID-19 and resulting business and economic policies in the US and abroad will be on itsour up-coming quarterly fiscal operating results.

We generated revenues from 326 unique customers during fiscal year 2021, and no single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenue for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021, or 2020.

Gross profit for fiscal year ended June 30, 20212022 of $3,433,585,$4,928,187, reflected an increase of $71,009,$1,494,602, or 2.1%43.5%, as compared to gross profit for fiscal year 20202021 of $3,362,576.$3,433,585, and was principally the result of inclusion of the Lighthouse division since its acquisition in October 2021. Gross profit, as a percentage of revenues for fiscal year 2021,2022, was 32.2%31.4% as compared to gross profit, as a percentage of revenues for fiscal year 2020,2021, of 33.9%32.2%. Gross profit and gross profit percentage for any given fiscal period depend on a number of factors, including overall sales volume, facility utilization, product sales mix, the nature and costs of engineering services, design challenges and changes, production start-up costs, customer-imposed project changes or delays, and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic policy decisions on various economies and our suppliers and customers, as well as the effects on production efficiencies due to the augmented policies we have incorporated into our operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our decrease in gross margin from 33.9%32.2% to 32.2%31.4% during the fiscal year ended June 30, 20212022 compared to 20202021 was primarily the result of a gross margin decrease in one engineering project due to cost over-runs, a decrease in higher margin production revenues with customerslower than target margins on manufacturing programs at our Lighthouse division due to COVID-19 factors,slower than expected transfer of projects from engineering to production and a lower realized margin on a large volume recurring component product produced for a cataloguecatalog reselling customer. The remainder of our production, engineering and component revenues resulted in margins within our targeted range with reasonably expected fluctuations.

Research and development expenses were $666,479 for fiscal year 2022 as compared to $624,253 for fiscal year 2021 as compared to $886,129 for fiscal year 2020.2021. The decreaseincrease of $261,876,$42,226, or 29.6%6.8%, in fiscal year 20212022 compared to fiscal year 2020 was due primarily2021 is considered to an increased amountbe a customary change resulting from the normal course of internalbusiness and reflects a similar level of engineering related development projects in fiscal year 2020 that we2022 compared to 2021. We believe willresearch and development activities enhance our technology platform of capabilities and our overall competitiveness in providing unique optical and illumination solutions for medical device endoscopes, offset by a lesser amount of increased stock based compensation expense recognized in fiscal year 2021.endoscopes.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $184,515, or 4.7%,were $5,613,473 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, compared to $3,714,915 for fiscalthe same period in the prior year, 2021 as compared to $3,899,430 for fiscal year 2020.an increase of $1,898,558, or 51.1%. The decreaseincrease in SG&Aselling, general and administrative expenses in fiscalthe year 2021 isended June 30, 2022 was primarily driven by decreases in travel and trade shows due to inclusion of the pandemic, sales salaries, and lower investor relations costs, all of which were offset by a lesser amount by increasesLighthouse division since its acquisition in October 2021, plus increased stock based compensation and general insurance expense.marketing related expenses as well as additions to our administrative team due to the growth of the overall organization.

The income tax provisions in fiscal years 20212022 and 20202021 represent the minimum statutory state income tax liability.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have sustained recurring net losses for several years. During the years ended June 30, 20212022 and 20202021 we incurred operating losses of $905,583$1,513,890 and $1,422,983,$905,583, respectively. At June 30, 2021,2022, our cash and cash equivalents were $861,650,$605,749, accounts receivable were $1,878,755,$2,663,872, and current liabilities were $2,511,110,$4,586,641, including $450,084$905,113 of advances paid against open purchase orders by our customers.

Although our sales revenue hasand gross margin have increased and we have experienced improved financial performance in certain recent fiscal quarters,due to new business from our acquisition of Lighthouse Imaging, our operating expenses have also increased, and we continue to experience pricing pressure from our customers and challenges in engineering projects and production orders that can result in cost over-runs and depressed gross margins. We also continue to experience added uncertainty related to our vendors ability to supply materials and our customers future order levels as a result of the economic impact the COVID-19 world-wide pandemic and related jurisdictional policies and regulations.regulations and lingering supply-chain issues. Consequently, critical to our ability to maintain our financial condition is achieving and maintaining a level of quarterly revenues that generate break even or better financial performance as well as timely collection of accounts receivable from our customers. We believe profitable operating results can be achieved through a combination of revenue levels,sales growth, realized gross margins and controlling operating expense increases, all of which are subject to periodic fluctuations resulting from sales mix and the stage of completion of varying engineering service projects as they progress towards and into production level revenues.

We have traditionally funded working capital needs through product sales, management of working capital components of our business, cash received from public and private offerings of our common stock, warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or convertible notes, manufacturing equipment leases, and by customer advances paid against purchase orders by our customers and recorded in the current liabilities section of the accompanying financial statements. We have incurred year to year and quarter to quarter operating losses during our efforts to develop current products including Microprecision™Microprecision optical elements, micro medical camera assemblies and 3D endoscopes. Our management believes that the opportunities represented by these technical capabilities and related products have the potential to generate sales increases to achieve breakeven and profitable results.

On May 6, 2020,October 4, 2021 we received loan proceedsacquired the assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC as described in note 2. Business Acquisition to the amount of $808,962 underaccompanying financial statements in this Form 10-K. To finance the Paycheck Protection Program, or PPP, from Bank of America. The PPP, established as partcash portion of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, providesacquisition price we entered into a $2,600,000 bank term loan, sold shares of our common stock for loans to qualifying businesses that are forgivable providedgross proceeds of $1,500,000. We also secured a $250,000 bank line of credit from the loan proceeds are usedsame bank for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities. The unsecured loan dated May 6, 2020 was forgiven on Marchworking capital needs, upon which no borrowings were outstanding as of June 30, 2021 by the Small Business Administration pursuant to the CARES Act. The forgiveness of the Promissory Note is recorded as other income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2021.2022.

Capital equipment expenditures during fiscal year 20212022 and fiscal year 20202021 were $237,901$113,197 and $232,363,$237,900, respectively, $161,977 and $113,213$161,976 of which in fiscal yearsyear 2021, and 2020, respectively, werewas funded by leasing agreements with monthly payment obligations. Patent application expenditures during fiscal year 20212022 and fiscal year 20202021 were $39,543 and $46,473, and $41,142, respectively. FutureThe level of future capital equipment and patent expenditures will be dependent upondepend on future sales and success of on-going research and development efforts.

Contractual cash commitments for the fiscal years subsequent to June 30, 2021,2022, are summarized as follows:

We have contractual cash commitments related to open purchase orders as of June 30, 20212022 of approximately $660,380.$1,557,582.

Material Trends and Uncertainties

We currently have no material trends or uncertainties that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item. 

ITEM 8.       FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Index to Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended June 30, 2021,2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended June 30, 2021,2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of theconsolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition—Refer to Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products. The Company may enter into certain customer contracts that contain unique, customer-specific terms and conditions, variable consideration, as well as multiple performance obligations. For such contracts, significant interpretation may be required to determine the appropriate accounting, including the identification of performance obligations, the allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations in the arrangement, the timing of the transfer of control of promised goods for each of those performance obligations, estimates of variable consideration and agent versus principal consideration.

Our assessment of managements’ evaluation of the above referenced matters related to proper revenue recognition is significant to our audit because the amounts are material to the financial statements, the assessment process involves significant judgment, and the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in this area is complex.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our principal audit procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition for customer contracts included the following:

Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Lighthouse Imaging Division

As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance and goodwill balance for the Lighthouse Imaging Division was $8.8 million and $8.1 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2022. As disclosed, management conducts a goodwill impairment test whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset may not be recoverable. For reporting units evaluated using a quantitative assessment, the fair values are determined using an income approach. The income approach determines fair value based on discounted cash flow models derived from the reporting units’ long-term forecasts. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Estimates and assumptions are utilized in the valuations, including discounted projected cash flows, terminal value growth rates, revenue growth rates, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) margins, and discount rates.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Lighthouse Imaging Division is a critical audit matter are (i) the high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in applying procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment due to the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the reporting unit and (ii) significant audit effort was necessary to perform procedures and evaluate audit evidence related to the revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins assumptions utilized in the income approach.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation model used in management’s estimate; (iii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the model; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins assumptions used by management. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit, and (ii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

/s/ Stowe & Degon LLC 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008

Westborough, Massachusetts

September 28, 2021

27, 2022

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2022 and 2021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

for the Years Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets atStatements of Stockholders’ Equity

for the Years Ended June 30, 20212022 and 20202021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of OperationsCash Flows

forFor the Years Ended June 30, 20212022 and 20202021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

for the Years Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PRECISION OPTICS CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Precision Optics Corporation, Inc. (the “Company”) designs, develops, manufactures and sells specialized optical and illumination systems and related components. The Company conducts business in one industry segment only and its customers are primarily domestic. The Company performs advanced optical and illumination system design, development, assembly and manufacturing services, and sources for resale specialized optical components for products that fall into two principal areas: (i) medical products for use by hospitals and physicians; and (ii) products used by defense contractors and industrial customers.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its two wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenues are recognized as the performance obligations to deliver products or services are satisfied and are recorded based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for satisfying the performance obligations. Most of the Company’s products and services are marketed to medical device companies with approximately 85% of sales to customers in the United States. Products and services are primarily transferred to customers at a point in time based upon when services are performed or product is shipped. Other selling costs to obtain and fulfill contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of a majority of its contracts. The Company extends terms of payment to its customers based on commercially reasonable terms for the markets of its customers, while also considering their credit quality. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in revenues.

The Company disaggregates revenues by product and service types as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenues are comprised of the following for the fiscal years ended June 30, 20212022 and 2020:2021: 

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The nature of the Company’s products and services does not generally give rise to contract assets as it typically does not incur costs to fulfill a contract before a product or service is provided to a customer. The Company’s costs to obtain contracts are typically in the form of sales commissions paid to employees. The Company has elected to expense sales commissions associated with obtaining a contract as incurred as the amortization period is generally less than one year. These costs have been recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. As of June 30, 2021,2022, there were no contract assets recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s contract liabilities arise as a result of unearned revenue received from customers at inception of contracts or where the timing of billing for services precedes satisfaction of performance obligations. The Company generally satisfies performance obligations within one year from the contract inception date.

Contract liabilities, which were recorded as customer advances in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, and unearned revenue are comprised of the following:

The Company includes in cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents of $861,650$605,749 and $1,134,697$861,650 at June 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, respectively, consist primarily of cash at banks and money market funds. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) and net realizable value and include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. The components of inventories at June 30, 20212022 and 20202021 are as follows:

The Company provides for estimated obsolescence on unmarketable inventory based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual demand and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory, once written down, is not subsequently written back up, as these adjustments are considered permanent adjustments to the carrying value of the inventory. 

Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repair items are expensed as incurred. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization by charges to operations, using the straight-line and declining-balance methods, which allocate the cost of fixed assets over the following estimated useful lives:

Depreciation and amortization expense was $146,799$245,238 and $112,219$146,799 for the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its investments with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on these investments to date. At June 30, 2022, no individual customer accounted for more 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2021, the Company’s largest customer account receivable balance was 16%16% of total accounts receivable. At June 30, 2020, the Company’s largest customerreceivable, and no other account receivable balance was 14% of total accounts receivable. No other accounts accounted fortotaled more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance at June 30, 2021, or 2020.2021.

The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was $251,383$44,135 at June 30, 2021,2022, and $248,450$251,383 at June 30, 2020.2021. $227,500 of the reserve at June 30, 2021, and 2020 was established in fiscal year 2018 relating to one specific customer.customer, which was written off as uncollectable in fiscal year 2022. Other than these doubtful accounts receivable, the Company has not experienced any material losses related to accounts receivable from individual customers. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security as a condition of sale, rather it relies on credit approval, balance limitation and monitoring procedures to control credit risk in trade account financial instruments. Management believes the allowance for doubtful accounts, which is established based upon review of specific account balances and historical experience, is adequate at June 30, 2021.2022.

The Company had revenues from 326377 unique customers during fiscal year 2021,2022, and no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021,2022, or 2020.2021.

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the number of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period such as stock options and warrants. For the year ended June 30, 20212022 and 2020,2021, the effect of such securities was antidilutive and not included in the diluted calculation because of the net loss generated in those periods.

The following is the calculation of loss per share for the years ended June 30, 20212022 and 2020:2021: 

The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants that were excluded from the computation as their effect was antidilutive was approximately 2,578,2002,714,000 and 2,065,2002,578,200 for the years ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020,2021, respectively.

The measurement and recognition of compensation costs for all stock-based awards made to employees and the Board of Directors are based upon fair value over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation costs recognized for the years ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 20202021 amounted to $733,930$895,494 and $502,345,$733,930, respectively.

Long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents are capitalized when acquired and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset may not be recoverable. Impairment of the carrying value of long-lived assets such as goodwill and patents would be indicated if the best estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset grouping is less than its carrying value. If an impairment is indicated, any loss is measured as the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value and is recognized in operating income or loss. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. No such impairments of goodwill or patents have been estimated by management during the years ended June 30, 20212022 or 2020.2021.

Financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

The Company does not incur future performance obligations in the normal course of business other than providing a standard one-year warranty on materials and workmanship to its customers (except in certain unusual and infrequently occurring situations where extended warranty terms beyond one year are negotiated with the customer). The Company provides for estimated warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. Warranty costs have been included as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The following tables summarize warranty reserve activity for the years ended June 30, 20212022 and 2020:2021:

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company groups development and prototype costs and related reimbursements in research and development. There were no reimbursements for research and development recorded in research and development for the years ended June 30, 2021,2022, and 2020.2021.

Comprehensive income or loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss or income for the years ended June 30, 20212022 and 20202021 was equal to its net loss for the same periods.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the likelihood of utilization of existing deferred tax assets, management has considered historical results of operations and the current operating environment. 

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer. To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its business as principally one segment. For all periods presented, over 85%88% of the Company’s sales have been to customers in the United States.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

On October 4, 2021, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of Lighthouse Imaging, LLC, a medical optics and digital imaging business, as described in Forms 8-K and 8-K/A that the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 8, 2021 and December 20, 2021, respectively. The aggregate cash purchase price consisted of $2,855,063 in cash at closing, $1,500,000 as earn-out consideration over the subsequent two year period, and 2,500,000 unregistered shares of common stock issued to the seller at closing. The effective date of the acquisition was October 4, 2021, and the actual results of operations of the Lighthouse division since that date are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of, and for the three and nine months ended, June 30, 2022.

The Company financed the cash portion of the acquisition by securing a $2,600,000 term loan from Main Street Bank on October 4, 2021, and by selling 937,500 shares of its common stock for $1,500,000 of gross proceeds in a private placement closed on October 1, 2021.

The earn-out consideration will be paid at a rate of $750,000 per annum from October 1, 2021 to September 30, 2023 if certain levels of gross profit are earned by the Lighthouse division.

The allocation of purchase price is preliminary and subject to change based on future payments made for the earn-out contingent liability. Any unearned portions of the earn-out liability will be recognized in earnings. The acquired assets, contingent consideration and assumed liabilities at the effective date of acquisition include the following: 

Consolidated unaudited pro forma results of operations for the Company are presented below for the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 assuming that the acquisition of the Lighthouse division has occurred on July 1, 2020. Pro forma operating results include net adjustments resulting from the acquisition transaction and decreasing operating expenses by $253,914 and decreasing other income by $419,076, including $320,480 of SBA Payroll Protection Program note forgiveness by Lighthouse, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. Pro forma revenues and net loss for the year ended June 30, 2022 include operating results of the Lighthouse during the three months ended September 30, 2022 before its acquisition and approximately $70,200 of pro forma operating expense adjustments relating to interest, depreciation, management fees, and grant reimbursements. 

Pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Company’s actual results of operations if the acquisition had been completed at the date indicated, nor is it necessarily an indication of future operating results. Amounts do not include any operating efficiencies or cost saving that the Company believes are achievable.

Transactions with Stockholders Known by the Company to Own 5% or More of the Company’s Common Stock

At June 30, 2019On October 4, 2021, the Company had received paymentsentered into agreements with accredited investors for the sale and purchase of 937,500 shares of our common stock, subscriptions totaling $925,000$0.01 par value, at $1.25a per unit price of $1.60 per share. On July 1, 2019We received $1,500,000 in gross proceeds from the Company received an additional $25,000 and closed the placement on that date by issuing 760,000 unregistered common shares. offering.

The placement proceeds were used to partially fund the business acquisition of the Ross OpticalLighthouse division. In compliance with the registration rights agreement entered into with the investors, on October 29, 2019January 31, 2022 the Company filed a registration statement for the shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission which became effective on November 22, 2019.February 11, 2022. Ms. Sandra Pessin acquired 200,000 468,750 shares in this placement for $250,000 $750,000 or $1.25$1.60 per share, and at that time Ms. Pessin was an owner of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

On April 14, 2020 the Company sold 200,000 shares of its common stock for cash at $1.25 per share or $250,000 to be used for general working capital needs. In compliance with the registration rights agreement entered into with the investors, on August 14, 2020 the Company filed a registration statement for the shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission which became effective on November 4, 2020. Hershey Strategic Capital, LP acquired 20,000 shares in this placement for $25,000 or $1.25 per share, and at that time Hershey Strategic Capital, LP was an owner of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

Acquisition Earn Out ObligationObligations

As partial consideration for the July 2019 acquisition of the Ross Optical division the Company agreed to pay $500,000$500,000 as an earn-out contingent upon the satisfaction of certain financial thresholds consisting of mutually agreed upon revenue and gross margin targets of the Ross Optical division over a term of three years, beginning on July 1, 2019, at a rate of up to $166,667 per year. As of June 30, 20212022 the first and second year portionportions of $166,667 has$166,667 have been paid and the $166,667remainder of the obligation is recorded as $166,667 as a short-term liability in the accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2022.

As partial consideration for the October 2021 and $166,666acquisition of the Lighthouse division the Company agreed to pay $1,500,000 as aan earn-out at the rate of $750,000 per annum from October 1, 2021 contingent upon the Lighthouse division achieving certain levels of gross margin during the two year earn-out periods. As of June 30, 2022 the first annual earn-out liability of $750,000 for the period ending September 30, 2022 has been written off to other income due to the Company’s determination that the Lighthouse division will not achieve the minimum gross margin requirement for the first annual period ending September 30, 2022. The second $750,000 portion of the earn-out contingency remains in long-term liabilityliabilities in the accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 2021.2022.

SBA PPP Loan Forgiveness

The Company executed an unsecured Promissory Note with a bank on May 6, 2020 and received $808,962$808,962 of loan proceeds pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). On March 30, 2021, the Small Business Administration forgave the Promissory Note held by the Company in full, including any accrued interest at that date. The forgiveness of the Promissory Note is recorded as other income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.

Bank Line of Credit

On October 4, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with Main Street Bank of Marlborough, Massachusetts, which provided for a $2,600,000 Term Loan and a $250,000 Revolving Line of Credit Loan Facility, which was increased to $500,000 effective May 17, 2022. The $500,000 line of credit is due on demand and had zero borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2022. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest payable monthly at the prime lending rate plus 1.5% per annum and shall not be less than 4.75% per annum. Borrowings under the line of credit are limited to the borrowing base comprised of a percentage of accounts receivable and inventory and are secured by all the assets of the Company.

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at June 30, 2022: 

At June 30, 2022 principal payments due on the Term Loan Note payable are as follows:

In March 2021 the Company entered into a five-year capital lease in the amount of $161,977 for manufacturing equipment. In January 2020, the Company entered into a five-year capital lease for $47,750 for manufacturing equipment. The net book value of fixed assets under capital lease obligations as of June 30, 20212022 is $233,923.$146,154.

On July 1, 2019 the Company entered into a three-year operating lease for its facility in El Paso, Texas, with total remainingand in February 2022 the Company entered into an extension of the lease for an additional three years through June 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments of $62,822 at June 30, 2021.2022 total $134,799. Total rent expense including base rent and common area expenses was $62,717$62,822 and $62,717 during each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. On October 4, 2021 the Company assumed the remaining term of the Windham Maine lease as part of the Lighthouse acquisition. The lease expires on July 31, 2025. Remaining minimum lease payments at June 30, 2022 total $424,661. Total rent expense including base rent and 2020.common area expenses was $105,051 during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. Included in the accompanying balance sheet at June 30, 20212022 is a right-of-use asset of $61,247$517,725 and current and long-term right-of-use operating lease liabilities of $61,247$150,565 and $0,$367,160, respectively.

At June 30, 2021,2022 future minimum lease payments under the capital lease and operating lease obligations are as follows: