Table of Contents
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2022February 29, 2024

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20212023
Or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from__________to__________                            
Commission File No. 001-39356
IAC JPG - No Boarder.jpg
IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 84-3727412
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
555 West 18th Street, New York, New York 10011
(Address of registrant's principal executive offices)
(212) 314-7300
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class 
Trading Symbol
Name of exchange on which registered 
Common Stock, par value $0.0001IACThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes    No 
Indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes     No 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes     No 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrantregistrant was required to submit such files). Yes   No 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrantregistrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controlscontrol over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issues its audit report ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes     No 







As of February 11, 2022,9, 2024, the following shares of the Registrant'sregistrant's Common Stock were outstanding:
Common Stock83,973,42780,176,122 
Class B Common Stock5,789,499 
Total89,762,92685,965,621 
The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrantregistrant as of June 30, 20212023 was $12,210,679,946.$4,761,375,976. For the purpose of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and executive officers of the Registrantregistrant are assumed to be affiliates of the Registrant.registrant.
Documents Incorporated By Reference:
Portions of the Registrant'sregistrant's proxy statement for its 20222024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III herein.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
Number
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures


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PART I
Item 1.    Business
OVERVIEW
Who We Are
IAC is today comprised of category leading businesses, including Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com, as well as a number of other businessesothers ranging from early stage to established.established businesses.
As used herein, “IAC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).
Our History
IAC began as a hybrid media/electronic retailing company over twenty-five years ago. Since then, IAC (directly and through predecessor entities) has transformed itself into a leading Internet company through the development, building, acquisition and distribution to its stockholders of a number of businesses over two decades, and IAC continues to build companies and invest opportunistically.
From and after the late 1990s, we acquired a number of e-commerce companies, including Ticketmaster Group (later renamed Ticketmaster), Hotel Reservations Network (later renamed Hotels.com), Expedia.com, Match.com, LendingTree (later renamed Tree.com, Inc.), TripAdvisor, HomeAdvisor and AskJeeves,Ask Jeeves, as well as Interval International (later renamed Interval Leisure Group, Inc.).
In 2005, we completed the separation of our travel and travel-related businesses and investments into an independent public company, called Expedia, Inc. (now known as Expedia Group, Inc.). In 2008, we separated into five independent publicly tradedpublic companies: IAC (then IAC/InterActiveCorp), HSN, Inc. (now part of Qurate Retail, Inc.), Interval Leisure Group, Inc. (now part of Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation), Ticketmaster (now known as Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.) and Tree.com, Inc. (now known as LendingTree, Inc.). Following this transaction, we continued to invest in and acquire e-commerce companies, including About.com (later renamed Dotdash) and a number of online dating companies in the United States and various jurisdictions abroad.
In 2017, we completed the combination of the businesses in our former HomeAdvisor financial reporting segment with those of Angie’s List, Inc. under a new publicly traded holdingpublic company, ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now known as Angi Inc.), that we control. And in 2018, through this entity we acquired Handy Technologies, Inc., a leading platform in the United States for connecting consumers looking for household services (primarily cleaning and handyman services) with top-quality, pre-screened independent service professionals.
In February 2020, we acquired Care.com, thea leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for a wide variety of caregivers to easily connect with families.families seeking care services. In June 2020, we completed the separation of our online dating businesses into an independent separately traded public company, called Match Group, Inc. In August 2020, we announced that we had acquired an approximate 12% interest in MGM Resorts International, a leader in gaming, hospitality and leisure (“MGM”), for an aggregate of approximately $1 billion.
In May 2021, we completed the spin-off of our full stake in our Vimeo business, (the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off,after which Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. (“Vimeo”)) became an independent separately traded public company. In December 2021, through Dotdash Media Inc., we completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corp., owner of a portfolio of publishing brands, such as PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, FOOD & WINE, Allrecipes, Southern Living and InStyle.brands. Following thethis acquisition, we refer to the combined entity, which operates the brands and businesses of our former Dotdash financial reporting segment and those of Meredith Holdings Corp., as Dotdash Meredith.
In November 2022, we completed the sale of Bluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform exclusively for flexible W-2 work. On February 15, 2024, we completed the sale of the assets of Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications, for approximately $160 million. Lastly, we hold meaningful minority stakes in MGM Resorts International, a leader in gaming, hospitality and leisure, and Turo Inc., a car sharing marketplace, as well as a controlling interest in Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities.

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EQUITY OWNERSHIP AND VOTE
IAC has outstanding shares of common stock, with one vote per share, and shares of Class B common stock, with ten votes per share and which are convertible into common stock on a share for share basis. As of the date of this report, Barry Diller, IAC’s Chairman and Senior Executive, his spouse (Diane von Furstenberg) and his stepson (Alexander von Furstenberg), collectively hold (directly and through certain trusts) 5,789,499 shares of Class B common stock, representing 100% of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock. Together with shares of common stock held as of the date of this report by Mr. Diller (172,708), Mr. von Furstenberg (71,828)(78,440), a trust for the benefit of certain members of Mr. Diller’s family (136,711) and a family foundation (1,711), these holdings collectively represent approximately 41.142.2 % of the total outstanding voting power of IAC (based on the number of shares of IAC common and Class B common stock outstanding on February 11, 2022)9, 2024). As of the date of this report, Mr. Diller also holds 1,000,000 vested options to purchase shares of IAC common stock.
Pursuant to that certain voting agreement, dated as of November 5, 2020, by and among Mr. Diller and the trustees of certain trusts through which all 5,789,499 shares of Class B common stock and 136,711 shares of common stock are held (the “Diller Parties”), on the one hand, and Joseph M. Levin, IAC’s Chief Executive Officer, on the other hand, (the “Voting Agreement”):
the Diller Parties have agreed to vote all shares of common stock and Class B common stock held by them in favor of Mr. Levin’s election to the IAC board of directors at each meeting of IAC stockholders at which Mr. Levin stands for election;
prior to a vote being taken on specified Contingent Matters (a material acquisition or disposition of any assets or business by IAC or its subsidiaries, the entry by IAC into a material new line of business and the spin-off or split-off to IAC stockholders of (or similar transaction involving) a material business of IAC submitted for the approval ofto IAC stockholders for approval), Mr. Diller (or following Mr. Diller’s death or disability or Mr. Diller ceasing to serve as a director or executive officer of IAC, Alexander von Furstenberg or his successor), in consultation with the other Diller Parties, and Mr. Levin, will seek agreement on how to vote the shares of common stock and Class B common stock held by the Diller Parties,Parties; provided, however, that if an agreement is not reached to support any such proposal, the Diller Parties have agreed to vote all shares of common stock and Class B common stock held by them against any such proposal; and
if any of the Diller Parties determines to sell shares of Class B common stock to a person other than Mr. Diller, his family members or certain entities controlled by such persons, they will discuss with Mr. Levin selling such shares to himMr. Levin before selling them to any other party.
The Voting Agreement will automatically terminate upon a “Change in Control” of IAC (as defined in the Restricted Stock Agreement between Mr. Levin and the Company dated November 5, 2020) or the termination of Mr. Levin’s employment with IAC.
In addition, pursuant to an amended and restated governance agreement between IAC and Mr. Diller, for so long as Mr. Diller serves as IAC’s Chairman and Senior Executive and he beneficially owns (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) at least 5,000,000 shares of Class B common stock and/or common stock in which he has a pecuniary interest (including IAC securities beneficially owned by him directly and indirectly through trusts for the benefit of certain members of his family), he generally has the right to consent to certain limited matters specified in the governance agreement in the event that IAC’s ratio of total debt to EBITDA (as defined in the governance agreement) equals or exceeds four to one over a continuous twelve-month period.
As a result of the IAC securities beneficially ownedheld by Mr. Diller and certain members of his family, Mr. Diller and these family members are, collectively, currentlyas of the date of this report, in a position to influence subject(subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law,law) the composition of the IACIAC's board of directors and the outcome of corporate actions requiring shareholderstockholder approval such(such as mergers, business combinations and dispositions of assets, among other corporate transactions.transactions). In addition, as a result of the Voting Agreement, Mr. Levin is, currentlyas of the date of this report, in a position, subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law, to influence his election to IAC's board of directors and influence the outcome of Contingent Matters (as defined in the Voting Agreement).

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DESCRIPTION OF IAC BUSINESSES
Dotdash Meredith
Overview
Our Dotdash Meredith segment consists of ourits Digital and Print businesses. Through Dotdash Meredith,these businesses, we are a leadingone of the largest digital and print publisherpublishers in the United StatesAmerica, with a portfolio of over 40 publishing brands that collectively provide inspiring, informative, entertaining and empowering content to nearly 200 millionmillions of consumers each month.
Through theseThese Digital and Print businesses we engage consumers across multiple media platforms and formats, including various digital platforms and formats (web, mobile, video, social, audio and mobile applications), as well as through licensing arrangements and magazines. OurDotdash Meredith's portfolio of publishing brands by(by vertical, brand and formatformat) is as follows:
Entertainment: PEOPLE (digital and print), Entertainment Weekly (digital) and People en Español (digital);
Lifestyle: Allrecipesallrecipes (digital and print), Better Homes & Gardens (digital and print), Southern Living (digital and print), The Spruce Eats (digital), TravelTRAVEL + LeisureLEISURE (digital and print), Simply Recipes (digital), InStyle (digital), Real Simple,FOOD & WINE (digital and print), Food & WineREAL SIMPLE (digital and print), Martha Stewart Living (digital and print), ShapeInStyle (digital), EatingWell (digital), The Spruce (digital), LifewireSimply Recipes (digital), ByrdieThe Spruce Eats (digital), Martha Stewart (digital), Serious Eats (digital), Lifewire (digital), MAGNOLIA JOURNAL (print), Byrdie (digital), Liquor.com (digital), BridesShape (digital), The Spruce Pets (digital), ThoughtCo (digital), Midwest Living (digital and print), Brides (digital), Daily Paws (digital), The Spruce Crafts (digital), TripSavvy (digital), Treehugger (digital), Life.com (digital), MyDomaine (digital), Daily PawsCookingLight (print), COASTAL LIVING (digital and print), Magnolia Journal (print)Hello Giggles (digital), Successful Farming (digital and print), American Patchwork & Quilting (digital and print), WOOD (digital and print), CookingLight (digital and print), Coastal Living (print), Traditional Home (print), Sweet July (digital and print), Rachel Ray in Season (digital and print) and Drew & Jonathan RevealTRADITIONAL HOME (print); and

Health & Finance (all digital): Investopedia, Verywell Health, Parents,Investopedia, Health, The Balance,Parents, Verywell Mind, Verywell Fit, Verywell Family Parents Latina and Verywell Fit.The Balance.
Digital
OurThe Digital business delivers digital content through oura portfolio of brands that have leadership in thethose subject areas that we believeDotdash Meredith believes matter most to our consumer audiences (including entertainment, food, home, beauty, travel, health, family, luxury and fashion). Through ourThe Digital business we provideprovides original and engaging digital content in a variety of formats, including articles, illustrations, videos and images, working with hundreds of experts in their respective fields to create content (including doctors, chefs and certified financial advisors, among others) to create and produce thousands of pieces of original content that we publish across our portfolio of brands on a monthly basis.
Through the Digital business, we offer a variety of digital advertising products and services, from traditional digital display advertisements and performance marketing arrangements to new advertising products and services developed in response to evolving digital advertising trends, such as D/Cipher. Our D/Cipher product allows advertisers to target users based on intent. For example, when users visit one of Dotdash Meredith’s digital brands, D/Cipher predicts what advertising marketing segments are relevant to the reader, based on their intent, in real time. D/Cipher reaches users on all devices, including Apple (iOS) audiences and can be accessed through premium and programmatic ad channels.
Print
Through ourthe Print business, we are a leading magazine publisher in the United States. In 2021, ourThe Print business published 3017 magazines as of December 31, 2023, as well as more than 350400 special interest publications (which numbers include magazines and special interest publications published in 2021 prior to our acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corp. induring the year ended December 2021).31, 2023.
Our Print editorial teams create premium content covering subjects that we believeDotdash Meredith believes matter most to our consumer audienceaudiences in a format that we believeit believes consumers enjoy for its convenience and thoughtful editorial curation. The majority of the publishing brands and content within ourthe Print business is focused on interests related to women and lifestyle (for example, PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens and Southern Living). Our is focused on interests related to women and lifestyle. In addition, special interest publications provide in-depth information, education and entertainment on single topics and trends that we believeDotdash Meredith believes are timely and relevant to our consumer audienceaudiences (including food, home, entertainment, and health and wellness). Most of our special interest publications have a high ratio of editorial to advertising content and are premium priced (for consumers) at between $10 and $15 each.relative to subscription titles (see below).
We distribute our

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The Print business distributes print magazines on a subscription basis (both direct and via agency partners) and through newsstands, with the majority of distribution occurring on a subscription basis. WeThe Print business had approximately 3516 million active subscriptions atas of December 31, 2021 and the2023. The majority of ourDotdash Meredith subscription brandspublications are issued between four and twelve times annually. Through newsstands, we sell singleannually, with PEOPLE issued weekly. Single copies of our subscription titles and special interest publications.publications are sold through newsstands.


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Revenue

Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of display advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand print advertising and performance marketing revenue.
Display advertisingDigital. Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital display advertisements sold directly by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith refersbrands refer consumers to commerce partner websites.websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Affinity marketing programs partner with third parties to market and place magazine subscriptions online for both Dotdash Meredith and third partythird-party publisher titles where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent. Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of content licensing.licensing agreements.
In additionPrint. Subscription revenue relates to subscription revenue, print revenue includes newsstand revenue, which is related to single copy magazines or bundlesthe sale of single copy magazines to wholesalers for resale on newsstands, printDotdash Meredith magazine subscriptions. Print advertising revenue which relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies,agencies. Project and performance marketing, which principally consists of affinity marketing revenue. Printother revenue also includesrelates to other revenue streams that are primarily projectsproject based whichand may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: advertising audience targeting advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketingand search engine optimization. Newsstand revenue is related to single copy print magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Performance marketing principally consists of affinity marketing revenue, in connection with which Dotdash Meredith partners with traditional customer facing channels (such as brick and mortar retailers and call centers) to place print magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers.
Marketing
OurThe Digital business markets its digital content through a full suite of digital distribution channels, as well as via direct navigation to its various branded websites. OurThe Print business markets its content through a variety of channels, including through direct mail, search engines, social media, email, web sites,websites, affiliate links and third partythird-party partnerships. We preferDotdash Meredith prefers a subscription-focused distribution approach in the casefor print publications because of our Print business because we believeits belief that itthis approach fosters long-term, direct relationships with consumers and creates greater monetization opportunities.
Competition
OurThe Digital business is characterized by ever evolving technology, frequent product evolution and changing preferences of consumers, advertisers and marketers. Digital media is intensely competitive, particularly for consumer attention (both attracting and retaining), driving traffic to our various Dotdash Meredith Digital brands through search engines (and the display of information from such brands (andand links to websites offering our content)Dotdash Meredith content within search engine results) and spending from advertisers and marketers. In the case of ourthe Digital business, competitors primarily include diversified multi-platform media companies, other online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories, news aggregators, search engines and social media platforms. Some of these competitors may have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger user bases and/or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than we do.Dotdash Meredith does. As a result, these competitors may have the ability to devote comparatively greater resources to the development and promotion of their digital content, which could result in greater market acceptance of their digital content relative to ours.Dotdash Meredith digital content.
PublishingPrint publishing is a highly competitive business. Our printDotdash Meredith Print magazines and related publishing products and services compete primarily with other print magazine publishers, as well as other mass media including the Internet(online and offline) and many other leisure-time activities. While competition is strong for established print magazine brands, gaining readership for newernew print magazines and specialtyspecial interest publications is especially competitive.

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We believe that the ability of ourthe Digital and Print businesses to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability to maintain and grow ourtheir large reach to American consumers;consumers across existing, as well as new and emerging, platforms;
the quality of the content and editorial features in our Digitaldigital content, print magazines and Printspecial interest publications;
the ability of our publishing brands to havecontinue to maintain and build recognized expertise and authority in each of our verticalsthe vertical subject areas that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences, and to continue to create content and experiences that are useful, relevant and entertaining to our consumer audiences;audiences and reflect their evolving preferences;

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the amount ofability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic we attract to our various digitalDigital publishing brands through search engines, (and how prominentlyincluding the ability to ensure that information from such brands (andand related links to websites offering our content) are displayed prominently in search engine results);results, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
thethe ability to continue to build and maintain brand recognition, trust and loyalty across ourthe Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands;
the usefulness, performance and visibility of ourthe Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands (primarily across digital and other platformsplatforms) relative to ourthose of its competitors;
the ability to continue to grow and diversify our monetization solutions, including advertising, e-commerce and affiliate relationships, performance marketing and other solutions;
the ability to leverage ourexisting proprietary platforms and data to provide consumersconsumer audiences with performant and relevant sites and experiences that are respectful (with targeted, and limited ads) and privacy and search engine policy compliant;
the ability to maintain and grow relationships with advertisers, in the case of our Digital business, through performant ads, targeting audiences and unique branded offerings, all with efficient reach to influence branding through to purchase, and in the case of our Print business, which will depend on:
the rates we chargecharged for printDigital and Print advertising;
the breadth of demographic reach in terms of traffic to our Digital brands and subscriptions and readership in terms of our Print publications;
the ability to consistently provide advertisers and marketers across the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of digital brands and our Print publications with a compelling return on their investments;
in the case of the Digital business only, the continued ability to target audiences (including based on intent, among other ways), including through the continued development of new (and the enhancement of existing) digital advertising products and services in response to evolving digital advertising trends; and
in the case of the Print business only, the circulation levels of print magazines and the profit derived from such circulation;
the breadth of our demographic reach in terms of readership; and
our ability to consistently provide advertisers and marketers with a compelling return on their investments;
the ability to grow our e-commerce related content and experiences toand leverage ourthe Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands and expertise to help consumers purchase products;result in purchases and transactions and to continue to maintain good relationships with third parties upon which we depend in connection these efforts; and
in the case of ourthe Print business:business only:
ourthe ability to retain existing subscribers and successfully drive new consumerssubscribers to ourprint magazines in a cost-effective manner;
ourthe ability to maintain print advertising rate cards and the number of pages sold by brand and issue;
the prices we chargecharged for ourprint magazines; and
ourthe ability to provide quality customer service to advertisers, marketers and subscribers.
Angi Inc.
Overview
Our Angi Inc. segment includes the North American (United States and Canada) and European businesses and operations of Angi Inc., a publicly traded company that was formed as ANGI Homeservices Inc. in September 2017 to facilitate the combination of the businesses in our former HomeAdvisor financial reporting segment and Angie’s List, Inc. In March 2021, ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its name to Angi Inc. and updated one of its leading websites and brands (Angie’s List) to Angi, and concentrated its marketing investment on the Angi brand in order to focus its marketing, sales and branding efforts on a single brand. As of December 31, 2021, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.5% and 98.2%, respectively.

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Angi Inc.’s North American businesses and operations include
Overview
Angi AdsInc. (formerly known as Angie’s List), Angi Leads (formerly known as HomeAdvisor) and Angi Services (which consists primarily of Handy Technologies,ANGI Homeservices Inc. (“Handy”) and Angi Roofing, LLC (“Angi Roofing”)) in the United States. Through these businesses and operations, the Angi brand collectivelyis a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping, in 64 discrete geographic areas in the United States.landscaping. During the yearthree months ended December 31, 2021, over 240,0002023, approximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer leads,matches, completed jobs or advertised work through these businesses and operations andAngi Inc. platforms. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one of Angi businessInc.'s businesses to find a service professional for approximately 3323 million projects.projects during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.2% and 98.1%, respectively.
Following the sale of Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing") on November 1, 2023, our Angi Inc. segment has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (Europe and Canada), with the various businesses within those segments operating under multiple brands and the historical results of Roofing reflected in our Emerging & Other segment.
In addition to Angi Inc.’s leading businesses and operations in the United States, through several differentiated experiences, Angi Inc. owns leading home services online marketplaces in France (Travaux), Germany (MyHammer), Netherlands (Werkspot) and Italy (Instapro), owns controlling stakes in leading home services online marketplaces in the United Kingdom (MyBuilder) and Canada (HomeStars), and has operations in Austria through its MyHammer business.
Services
Overview. Our Angi Ads business connects consumers with service professionals for local services through a nationwide online directory of service professionals. Our Angi Leads business provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals, matches consumers with independently established home services professionalsproviders engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily providesprovide such services and provides consumers with tools that enable them to communicate with service professionals and pay for related services directlyservices. These experiences primarily include: (i) an Ads and Leads experience, where service professionals pay for connections to consumers, and (ii) a Services experience, where consumers make payment through Angi platforms. Through ourInc. for a specific job and Angi Services business, consumers can browseInc. assigns that job to a service professional who completes it and buy common household services at set prices directly from Angi rather than requesting quotes from service professionals (which we refer to as pre-priced offerings), as well as instantly book related appointments with service professionals online for household services. All services booked through our Angi Services business are provided by pre-screened, independent service professionals engaged directly by Angi platforms. The matchingreceives a portion of the job fee.
Ads and pre-priced booking services and related tools and directories are provided to consumers free of charge. Angi Services also include roof replacement services fulfilled by Angi Roofing.Leads
As of December 31, 2021, Angi had a network of approximately 206,000 transacting service professionals (each of whom paid for consumer matches through Angi Leads and/or performed an Angi Services job in the quarter)Overview. . In addition, our Angi Ads businesses had approximately 38,000 advertising service professionals under contract for advertising as of December 31, 2021.
Angi Ads. Through our Angi AdsThis business we connectconnects consumers with service professionals for local home services through the Angia nationwide online directorynetwork of service professionals across more than 500 differentservice categories, as well as provideprovides consumers with valuable tools, services (including the ability to book appointments online) and content (including verified reviews of local home service professionals), to help them research, shop and hire for local home services. Consumers can access the Angi nationwide online directorynetwork and related basic tools and services free of charge upon registration, as well as by way of purchased membership packages. Our Angi AdsThis business also sells term-based website, and mobile and digital magazine advertising, to service professionals.as well as provides quoting, invoicing and payment services.
Consumer Services. Consumers who register for free with our Angi Ads business can search for a service professional in the Angi nationwide online directorynetwork and/or be matched with a service professional as well asthrough Angi Inc.'s digital marketplace and certain third-party affiliate platforms. Consumers also have access to related basic tools and services, including ratings, and reviews and certain promotions. In addition, two premium membership packages are available for a fee, which packages include varying degrees of online and phone support andThis includes access to exclusive promotions, featuresAngi Inc.'s online True Cost Guide, which provides project cost information for more than 400 project types nationwide, and an award-winning digital magazine.a library of home services-related content consisting primarily of articles about home improvement, repair and maintenance, tools to assist consumers with the research, planning and management of their projects and general advice for working with service professionals.
Consumers can rateMatches are made by way of Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm, based on several factors (including the type of services desired, location and the number of service professionals listed in the Angi nationwide online directory on a one-available to five- star rating scale, based on a variety of criteria (including overall experience, availability, price, quality, responsiveness, punctuality and professionalism), as well as provide commentary regarding their experiences with service professionals. Ratings and reviews cannot be submitted anonymously, and there are processes in place to prevent service professionals from reporting on themselves or their competitors, as well as to detect fraudulent or otherwise problematic reviews.

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In addition to the consumer services described above, our Angi Ads business provides service professionals with a variety of services and tools, including certification, as well as quoting, invoicing and payment services. Generally, service professionals with an average consumer rating below a “3” are not eligible for certification. Service professionals must satisfy certain criteria for certification, including retaining the requisite member rating, and owners or principals of businesses affiliated with service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks and attest to applicable licensure requirements. Once eligibility criteria are satisfied, service professionals must then purchase term-based advertising to obtain certification. If a certified service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria during the applicable advertising contract term, refuses to participate in Angi's complaint resolution process and/or engages in what is determined to be prohibited behavior, existing advertising and exclusive promotions will be suspended, and the related advertising contract will be subject to termination.
Certified service professionals rotate among the first service professionals listed in the Angi nationwide online directory search results for an applicable category, together with their company name, overall rating, number of reviews, certification badge and basic profile information. When consumers choose to be matched with a service professional, Angi's proprietary algorithm will determine wherefulfill a given service professional appears within related results.
Angi Leads. Through our Angi Leads business, we operate a digital marketplace (formerly known as the HomeAdvisor Marketplace and now known as HomeAdvisor powered by Angi) that connects consumers with service professionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance and improvement projects. Our Angi Leads business provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals, as well as instantly book appointments online, connect with service professionals instantly by telephone and access several home services-related resources, such as cost guides for different types of home services projects.
Consumers can submit a request to be matched with a service professional through the Angi Leads digital marketplace, as well as through certain paths on the Angi Ads and various third party affiliate platforms.request). Depending on the nature of the service request and the path through which it was submitted, consumers are generally matched with service professionals from the Angi Leads digital marketplace, an Angi Services service professional or a combination of AngiAds, Leads and Angi AdsServices service professionals (as and if available for the given service request). Matches made through our Angi Leads and Angi Ads businesses and various third party affiliate platforms and paths are made by way of Angi’s proprietary algorithm based on several factors, including the type of services desired, location and the number of service professionals available to fulfill the request.
professionals.In all cases, service professionals may contact consumers with whom they have been matched directly and consumers can generally review profiles, ratings and reviews of presented service professionals and select the service professional whom they believe best meets their specific needs. Consumers are under no obligation to work with any service professional(s)professional referred by or found through any Angi Inc. branded or third partythird-party affiliate platforms. Consumers are responsible for booking the service and for paying the service professional directly, which can be done by consumers independentlyindependently.
Consumers can rate service professionals on a one- to five- star rating scale based on a variety of criteria, including overall experience, availability, price, quality, responsiveness, punctuality, professionalism and other criteria, depending on the type of service provided. Ratings on each applicable criterion are weighted across all reviews submitted for the service professional to produce such professional’s overall rating. Consumers can also provide a detailed description of their experiences with service providers. Ratings and reviews cannot be submitted anonymously and there are processes in place to prevent service professionals from reporting on themselves or via the Angi Pay functiontheir competitors, as well as to detect fraudulent or otherwise problematic reviews.


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Service Professional Services. This business also sells term-based website, mobile and magazine advertising to certified service professionals, as well as provides them with a variety of services and tools, including quoting, invoicing and payment services. In order to become a certified service professional in the Angi Pro Leads mobile app, through which consumers can also finance payments tonetwork, service providers throughprofessionals must satisfy certain criteria. Generally, service professionals with an average consumer rating below a third party.
“3” are not eligible for certification. In addition to retaining the general matchingrequisite member rating, service professionals must validate their home services described above, ourexperience and the owners or principals of businesses affiliated with service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks and attest to applicable state and local licensure requirements. Once eligibility criteria have been satisfied, service professionals can purchase term-based advertising and/or be matched with consumers. If a certified service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria, refuses to participate in Angi Leads business provides several on-demand services, including Instant BookingInc.'s complaint resolution process and/or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any Angi Inc. platform, existing advertising and Instant Connect. Consumersexclusive promotions will be suspended and the related advertising contact may be terminated.
Certified service professionals are sorted preferentially in search results for an applicable category (together with their company name, overall rating, number of reviews, certification badge and basic profile information), with non-certified service professionals appearing below certified service professionals in search results. Certified service professionals can also access an online True Cost Guide, which provides project cost information for more than 400 project types nationwide, as well asprovide exclusive promotions to members. When consumers choose to be matched with a library of home services-related content.service professional, Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm determines where a given service professional appears within related results.
Angi Leads serviceService professionals pay fees for consumer matches, at their election, and subscription fees for Leads memberships, which are available for purchase through the Angi Inc.'s sales force. The basic annual membership package includes membership in the Angi Leads digital marketplace, as well as access to consumer leadsmatches (for which additional fees are generally paid) through Angi Leads and Angi Ads platforms and a listing in the Angi Leads online directorynationwide network and certain other affiliated directories, among other benefits. In addition to thecomplying with commercial membership terms, in order to be admitted intoonce a member of the Angi Leads network,digital marketplace, service professionals must validate their home services experiences, as well as satisfy certainmaintain the requisite customer rating (at least three stars). And if a service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria includingduring the verification ofmembership term, refuses to participate in Angi Inc.'s complaint resolution process or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any required state-level licensing credentials andAngi Inc. platforms, the owner or principal passing certain criminal background checks.service professional may be removed from Angi Inc. platforms.
Services
Angi Services.Overview. Through our Angithe Services business, we provideAngi Inc. provides a pre-priced offerings, wherebyoffering, pursuant to which consumers can submit requests forrequest services through Angi and Handy branded platforms and pay us directly for such services on the applicable platform directly. When consumers request household services directly through Services platforms, requests are fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services. We began providing pre-priced offerings following our acquisition of
Consumer Services. Consumers can submit requests for work to be done on Angi and Handy in October 2018branded platforms and expanded the provision of such offerings through the launch of our Angi Services business in August 2019 and the addition of Angi Roofing in July 2021. Matches arereferrals will be made based on the type of service desired, location and the date and time the consumer wants the service to be provided. Consumers pay Angi Services directly for pre-priced offerings and Angi Services then, in turn, fulfills the request with independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services.

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In certain markets, consumers can also submit requests to book a specific Handy service professional for a given household service. In addition, consumers who purchase furniture, electronics, appliances and other home-related items from select third partythird-party retail partners online (and in certain markets, in store) can simultaneously purchase assembly, installation and other related services to be fulfilled by Handya Services service professionals,professional, which services are then paid for by the consumer directly through the applicable third partythird-party retail partner platform.
Angi Service Professional Services. Services service professionals (including those on the Handy platform) are provided with access to a pool of consumers seeking service professionals. Service professionals and must validate their home services experience, as well as satisfy credential verification and a background check (either as an individual professional or asattest to holding the owner or principal of the business) requirementsrequisite license(s) and maintain an acceptable rating to remain on Services platforms. In addition, owners or principals of businesses affiliated with Services service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks. Access to Services platforms will be revoked for service professionals that repeatedly receive low customer satisfaction ratings.
International (Europe and Canada)
Through the International (Europe and Canada) segment, Angi Inc. also operates several international businesses that connect consumers with home service professionals, including: (i) Travaux, MyHammer and Handy platforms.Werkspot, leading home services marketplaces in France, Germany and the Netherlands, respectively, (ii) MyBuilder, one of the leading home services marketplaces in the United Kingdom, (iii) the Austrian operations of MyHammer, (iv) the Italian operations of Werkspot and (v) Homestars, a leading home services marketplace in Canada. Angi Roofing consumers are identified through lead generation services, as well as organically through consumers that reach out directly. Consumers are able to receive roof replacementInc. owns controlling interests in Travaux, MyHammer, Werkspot and repair services, as well as a warranty onMyBuilder and wholly owns Homestars. The business models of the qualityinternational businesses vary by jurisdiction and differ in certain respects from the business models of workmanship.Angi Inc.’s various domestic businesses.

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Revenue
AngiAds and Leads revenue is primarily derived fromincludes consumer connection revenue, which comprises fees paid by Angi Leads service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service). , revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services.Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered and geographic location of service. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. connects them with a service professional to perform the service. International revenue is also derived from: (i) sales of time-based website, mobileprimarily reflects consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and call center advertising tomembership subscription revenue from service professionals (ii) Angi Leads service professional membership subscription fees, (iii) membership subscription fees from consumers, (iv) service warranty subscription and other services and (v) revenue from completed jobs sourced through the Angi Services platforms.consumers.
Marketing
Angi businesses market theirInc. markets its various products and services to consumers primarily through digital marketing (primarily paid and free search engine marketing, (free, or organic, and paid), display advertising and third partythird-party affiliate agreements) and, as well as through traditional offline marketing (national television and radio campaigns), as well as through e-mail. and email. Pursuant to third partythird-party affiliate agreements, third parties agree to advertise and promote Angi Inc.’s various products and services (and those of Angiits various service professionals) on their platforms. In exchange for these efforts, these third parties are paid a fixed fee when visitors from their platforms click through and submit a valid service request through Angi Inc. platforms or when visitors submit a valid service request on the affiliate platform and the affiliate transmits the service request to an Angi platform.Inc. Angi businessesInc. also market theirmarkets its various products and services to consumers through relationships with select third partythird-party retail partners and, to a lesser extent, through partnerships with other contextually related websites and direct mail.
Angi Leads matching services and membership subscriptions and Angi AdsInc. markets term-based advertising and related products, are marketedas well as matching services and digital marketplace membership subscriptions, to service professionals primarily through the Angiits sales force. These products and services are also marketed, together with Handy branded products and services and pre-priced offerings and various directories, through paid search engine marketing, digital media advertising and direct relationships with trade associations and manufacturers.
Both generally and in connection with the brand integration initiative described below, Angi Inc. has made (and we expect that it will continue to make), substantial investments in digital and traditional offline marketing (with continued expansion into new and existing digital platforms) to consumers and service professionals to promote Angiits various products and services and drive visitors to Angi Inc. platforms and service professionals.
In March 2021, ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its name to Angi Inc. and updated one of its leading websites and brands (Angie’s List) to Angi, and concentrated its marketing investment on the Angi brand in order to focus its marketing, sales and branding efforts on a single brand.
Angi relies heavily on free, or organic, search results from search engine optimization and paid search engine marketing to drive traffic to its platforms. The brand integration initiative has adversely affected the placement and ranking of Angi websites, particularly Angi.com, in organic search results as the Angi brand does not have the same domain history as Angie’s List. In addition, Angi shifted marketing to support the Angi brand (and away from the HomeAdvisor brand), which has negatively affected the efficiency of Angi's search engine marketing efforts.

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Since the beginning of the brand integration initiative, related efforts have had a pronounced negative impact on service requests from organic search results and via mobile applications, which in turn has resulted in increased paid search engine marketing to generate service requests. We expect the pronounced negative impact to organic search results, increased paid search engine marketing costs and reduced monetization from mobile applications to continue until such time as the Angi brand establishes a more optimal search engine optimization ranking and consumer awareness is established.
Competition
The home services industry is highly competitive and fragmented, and in many important respects, local in nature. In the case of Angi businesses compete with, among others:Inc., competitors primarily include: (i) search engines and online directories, (ii) home and/or local services-related platforms, (iii) providers of consumer ratings, reviews and referrals and (iv) various forms of traditional offline advertising (primarily local in nature), including radio, direct marketing campaigns, yellow pages, newspapers and other offline directories. AngiThese businesses also compete with local and national retailers of home improvement products that offer or promote installation services. We believe that theAngi Inc.’s biggest competition for Angi businesses comes from the traditional methods most people currently use to find service professionals, which are by word-of-mouth and through referrals.
We believe that the ability of our Angi businessesInc. to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability of Angito continue to successfully implement the brand integration initiative;
the abilitybuild and maintain awareness of, and trust and loyalty to, the Angi Services business to expand pre-priced booking services, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi platforms generally;
brandthe size, quality, diversity and stability of the Angi Leads digital marketplace (in terms of service professional membership and participation) and the breadth of Angi branded online directory listings;
the ability to consistently generate service requests and pre-priced bookings through Angi businesses and leads through Angi branded online directories that convert into revenue for service professionals in a cost-effective manner;
the ability to increasingly engage with consumers directly through Angi platforms, including mobile applications (rather than through search engine marketing or via free search engine referrals);
the functionality of Angi Inc. websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features and Angi Inc. products and services generally to consumers and service professionals, as well as the continued ability to introduce new products and services that resonate with consumers and service professionals generally;
the ability to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally;
the size, quality, diversity and stability of the network of service professionals and the breadth of online directory listings;
the ability to consistently generate service requests and pre-priced bookings through Angi Inc. platforms that convert into revenue for service professionals in a cost-effective manner;

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the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Angi Inc. brands and platforms through search engines, including the ability to ensure that information from such brands and platforms and related links are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
the ability to increasingly engage with consumers directly through Angi Inc. platforms, including various mobile applications (rather than through search engine marketing or via free search engine referrals); and
the quality and consistency of service professional pre-screening processes and ongoing quality control efforts, as well as the reliability, depth and timeliness of customer ratings and reviews.
Search
Overview
Our Search segment consists of Ask Media Group, a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and oura Desktop business, which includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.

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Products, Services and Content
Through Ask Media Group, we provide search services that generally involve the generation and display on a search results page of a set of hyperlinks to web pages deemed relevant to search queries entered by users. In addition to these algorithmic search results, paid listings are also generally displayed in response to search queries. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to an advertiser’s website. Paid listings are generally displayed based on keywords selected by the advertiser and relevancy to the search query. Through certain of Ask Media Group’s various websites, digital content in a variety of formats, primarily articles with images and/or illustrations, as well as slideshows or more in-depth presentations, is also provided in addition to general search services. Display advertisements and/or native advertising (or advertising(advertising that matches the look, feel and function of the content alongside which it appears) generally appear alongside digital content.
Through ourThe Desktop business we primarily ownowns and/or operateoperates a portfolio of legacy (meaning they are no longer actively marketed and distributed to new users) consumer desktop browser applications and websites, as well as certain actively marketed business-to-business partnership operations, that provide users with access to a wide variety of online content, tools and services, including new tab search services and the option of default browser search services.
Revenue
Ask Media Group revenue consists principally of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to advertiser websites. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price per clickprice-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. Ask Media Group recognizes paid listing revenue when it delivers the user's click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third partythird-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a payment obligation to the third partythird-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs. See Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business,, Operations and Ownership — Certain of our businessesbusinesses depend upon arrangements with Google.Google".

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.
Revenue from our Desktop business largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements.
Marketing
Ask Media Group’s various properties are marketed primarily through the acquisition of traffic from major search engines and their syndication networks, which involves the purchase of keyword-based sponsored listings that link to search results pages of Ask Media Group properties, and other types of display media (primarily banner advertisements).
Ask Media Group content is also marketed through a variety of digital distribution channels, including search engines, social media platforms, display advertising networks and native advertising networks, as well as a number of advertising agencies that acquire traffic via these channels for certain Ask Media Group properties.
OurCertain search powered desktop applications were historicallyare marketed to users primarily through the relevant business-to-business partnerships and to a lesser extent digital display advertisements and paid search engine marketing efforts.partnership.

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Competition
In the case of general search services, Ask Media Group’s competitors include major search engines and other destination search websites and search-centric portals that engage in marketing efforts similar to those of Ask Media Group. In the case of content, Ask Media Group’s competitors primarily include online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories and social channels. We believe that Ask Media Group’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon:
itsthe continued ability to monetize search traffic via paid search listings;
itsthe continued ability to market itsAsk Media Group search websites in a cost-effective manner, which depends, in part, on the ability to continue to obtain quality traffic from valid sources (from real users with genuine interest) in a cost- effective manner;
the relevance and authority of search results, answers and other content displayed on itsAsk Media Group various properties;
itsthe continued ability to differentiate Ask Media Group search websites (which depends primarily upon itits continued ability to deliver quality, authoritative and trustworthy content to users), as well as the ability to attract advertisers to these websites;
itsthe ability to successfully create or acquire content (or the rights thereto) for marketing purposes in a cost-effective manner; and
itsthe ability to monetize content pages with display and native advertising and other forms of digital advertising.
Emerging & Other
Overview
Our Emerging & Other segment primarily includes:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for a wide variety of caregivers to easily connect with families. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises and HomePay. Care.com acquired Lifecare, a leading provider of familyfamilies seeking care benefits, on October 27, 2020;services;
through the completion of the sale of its assets for approximately $160 million on February 15, 2024, Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group has a portfolio of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall), Language (iTranslate, Grammatica), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero), Health (Daily Burn, Window - Intermittent Fasting) and Lifestyle (Blossom, Pixomatic);applications;

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Bluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform exclusively for flexible W-2 work;
Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities,opportunities;
IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in which we acquired a controlling interest in June 2019;the United States and internationally; and
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors;
contributors.IAC Films, a provider of production and producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States and internationally; and
Newco, our incubator platform, which currently spans social gaming, telemedicine, home services, social networking and online recruiting.

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Care.com
Overview. Through Care.com, we are a leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for a wide variety of caregivers to easily connect with families.families seeking care services. Care.com is building a premier destination for families, caregivers and enterprises (through which they can provide care-related benefits to their employees) that features a portfolio of products and services spanning the entire care journey, including guidance for care options, a marketplace for searching for and connecting with in-home caregivers for a wide range of care options (such as a nannies for children or companions for seniors), a directory of out-of-home care options, a Safety Center, care management features and access to care-related activitiescontent and resources.
Services. Through Care.com we primarily offerprovides online consumer matching and, in some cases, consumer payment solutions for families searching for care for their loved ones and enterprise solutions (Care For Business) for companiesemployers seeking to provide care-related benefits to their employees.
Consumer matching solutions. Through free and paid memberships to consumer matching services, Care.com offers a variety of resources designed to help families match and guide families towardwith the best care for their loved ones. Resources include online matches with potential caregivers and related resources, augmented by assistance from subject matter experts. Freesolutions. A free basic membership provides families with the ability to set up an account, post a job, search and review caregiver profiles and receive applications from background-checked caregivers. To engage with caregivers, families must generally upgrade to a paid premium membership, which includes all basic membership features, plus the ability to contact caregivers to schedule interviews, purchase additional background checks, reply to applications and messages from caregivers and access certain promotions and discounts. In addition, where available, families can book caregivers for certain care services directly through the platform for a fee and make electronic payments to caregivers through a related payment solution.
Through our consumer matching solutions,services, families can match with caregivers (in-home and out-of-home) who meet their diverse and evolving care needs (full-time, part-time, long-term, short-term and occasional at irregular intervals). Matching is facilitated by algorithms designed to highlight the most relevant caregiver(s)caregivers (based on user-generated content regarding the typecertain job requirements and frequency of care requested, hourly rate for the job and responsibilities and other job requirements), as well as an internally monitored messaging system.caregiver activity patterns). In-home caregivers create and post detailed Care.com profiles that may include photos, bios, work histories and reviews, the type of care they primarily provide, their experience, certifications and qualifications, and their availability, hourly rate and payment details, among other information. Before caregivers with Care.com profiles can communicate directly with consumersfamilies seeking care, they must complete a CareCheck background check (conducted(conducted by a third partythird-party consumer reporting agency). WeCare.com also offeroffers families and caregivers the ability to purchase multiple levels of additional background check options through third partya third-party consumer reporting agencies.agency. While Care.com strongly believes that While we strongly believe that CareCheck and the additional background checks are good practice and recommend them to families and caregivers,safety measures, they have limitations and even with these safety measures, no assurances can be provided regardingcannot guarantee the future behavior of any caregiver on our platform.using Care.com.
WeCare.com also maintainmaintains a safety centerSafety Center that provides resources and information designed to help families and caregivers make safer and more informed hiring and job selection decisions, including recommendations to families for screening, interviewing and ongoing monitoring of caregivers, as well as recommendations to caregivers for avoiding scams. WeCare.com also encourageencourages members to contact usCare.com if they believe another member or caregiver may have violated ourCare.com's community guidelines.
Out-of-home care-related businesses (such as daycare centers, senior care facilities, tutoring companies, camps and activities) can also market their services through Care.com.

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Consumer tax and payment solutions. Through Care.com, we also offer consumer payments solutions that provide families with several options to manage their financial relationship with their caregiver, as well as help caregivers professionalize and manage their careers. These payment solutions include:
our HomePay ourservice, a leading payroll and tax product for families who employ nannies, housekeepers or other domestic employees. HomePay a leader in the space, is a technology-based, turnkey service that includes automated payroll processing, as well as household employer-related tax filings at the federal, state and local levels in the case offor families who are required to treat their caregivers who earn income that is aboveas household employees and such caregivers' wages exceed the annual reportable threshold amount that would require them to make tax filings. Facilitating household employer-related tax filings helps to ensure that families are able to avail themselves of certain tax credits and savings, for care related costs, and ensure thatwhich can help mitigate care-related costs. Similarly, caregivers who are paid legally can access a variety of benefits, including unemployment insurance and social security benefits.benefits (among others). HomePay is available to anyone (not just members of our consumer matching solutions) for a fee; and

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our peer-to-peer payments solution, which enables families to make electronic payments to their caregivers directly through our platform or mobile applications. We believe that this solution is particularly applicable to (and helpful in the case of) families who pay caregivers who provide care services at irregular intervals (such as babysitters, after-school caregivers or tutors, or in varying amounts each time services are performed).fee.
Enterprise solutions. Through Care.com we also offeroffers Care For Business, a comprehensive suite of care benefits and related services that employers can offer as an employee benefit. Currently, employers can choose from a number of services, including:
• our consumer matching solutions;
back-up care services (in-home and in-center) for employees who need alternative care arrangements for their child or senior when their regular carecaregiver is not available (for example, due to a school closuresclosure or the illness of their child or regular caregiver)caregiver illness); and
access to consultation and referral services to support a wide array of work-life challenges faced by employees, such as senior care planning services to assisthelp employees with findingfind the most suitable care option for their aging family member;members, access to mental health experts and resources;resources, tutoring and college prep assistance;assistance, lactation support;support, relocation services;services and financial guidance and legal services among many others.(among other services); and
access to proprietary, members-only discounts on certain nationally recognized brand-name products and services.
Employers generally pay for our enterprise solutions on a per employee per year basis and have access to features that allow them to manage employee access and track aggregate usage. Depending on the suite of services selected and the employer’s preference, the employer preferences, employers may subsidize all, a portion or none of the cost of these solutions for employees. Additionally, employers may add services during the term of their contract on an as needed basis to enhance the support they provide to their employees.
Revenue. Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with corporate employers who provide access to Care.com'sCare.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform.
Marketing. Care.com markets its various products and services to families and caregivers through a diverse mix of free and paid offline and online marketing, as well as its sales team. We believeCare.com believes that most families and caregivers currently find Care.com through unpaid marketing channels primarily(primarily through word-of-mouth, referrals and online communities and forums,forums), as well as through search engine marketing (free and paid) and repeat users. Paid direct marketing efforts include offline channels, such as network and cable TV, OTT channels and direct mail, as well as through paid search engine marketing, display advertising, third partythird-party affiliate agreements and select paid job board sites. In addition, Care.com markets its employee-benefit product offerings directly to enterprises through its sales team.
Competition. In the case of consumer matching solutions, Care.com primarily competes with traditional offline consumer resources for finding caregivers, as well as online job boards and other online care marketplaces.marketplaces, as well as online care-related platforms in vertical categories. We believe Care.com’s biggest competition comes from the traditional offline methods through which most consumersfamilies find caregivers, which are bythrough word-of-mouth, personal referrals and online communities and forums. In the case of payment solutions,HomePay, Care.com primarily competes with similar products offered by providers of online and offline payroll services. Care.com also competes for a share of the overall recruiting and advertising budgets of care-related businesses with traditional, offline media companies and other online marketing providers. In the case of Care For Business, Care.com primarily competes with other providers of employer-sponsored care services and employee benefit products, particularly those that provide back-up child and senior care services.
We believe that Care.com’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the size, quality, diversity and stability of its network ofthe families and caregivers;caregivers on the Care.com platform;

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the functionality and reliability of itsCare.com websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features (and Care.com’s various products and services) generally to families and caregivers;
itsthe ability to increase the frequency of family and caregiver use of Care.com products and services generally;
the continued ability to innovate and introduce new products and services that resonate with families and caregivers;
the quality, completeness and consistency of caregiver profiles and job postings, as well the reliability of background check and other securitysafety measures and the trustworthiness and reliability of caregivers;
itsthe ability to continue to build and maintain awareness of, and trust in and loyalty to, the Care.com brands

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its ability to continue expand its enterprise solutions business; andbrand;
itsthe ability to continue to expand itsthe enterprise solutions business;
the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Care.com through search engines, including the ability to ensure that links to Care.com platforms are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology; and
the ability to continue to expand Care.com businesses in jurisdictions outside of the United States.
Mosaic Group
Overview.Through Mosaic Group, we are a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. As of December 31, 2021, Mosaic Group had approximately 3.7 million mobile paying subscribers.
Though Mosaic Group and its subsidiaries, we operated 44 branded mobile applications in over 28 languages across 192 countries as of December 31, 2021. These branded mobile applications consist of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall), Language (iTranslate, Grammatica), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero), Health (Daily Burn, Window - Intermittent Fasting) and Lifestyle (Blossom, Pixomatic). Robokiller thwarts both telemarketing and illegal spam phone calls and TapeACall provides prime-quality call recordings services. Through iTranslate, subscribers can connect and communicate across numerous languages, and Grammatica provides AI-powered writing assistant services, including grammar, spelling and punctuation checks.Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live provides up-to-date weather information and storm tracking worldwide and Weather Live provides customized weather forecasts based on user selected parameters. Through PDF Hero, users can annotate and store all of their PDF files in one place, and through Scan Hero, users can create, sign and edit PDFs by way of the camera on their mobile phones. Daily Burn provides streaming fitness and workout videosand Window-Intermittent FastingProductive tracks the times between end of/start of fasts. Blossom provides plant identification and content on plant care and Pixomatic is a photo editing application. Mosaic Group’s various branded mobile applications are distributed to subscribers primarily through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store.
We believe that Mosaic Group has the personnel, systems and expertise necessary to continue to build and scale leading mobile applications and grow mobile subscription businesses. By applying these resources and skills to both organically developed and acquired mobile applications, Mosaic Group has demonstrated success in scaling mobile applications across a wide variety of utility and productivity categories.
Revenue. Mosaic Group revenue consists primarily of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and directly from consumers, as well as display advertisements.
Marketing.We market our mobile applications to users primarily through digital storefronts (primarily the Apple App Store and Google Play Store) and digital display advertisements on social media, messaging and media platforms, as well as in-app and cross-app advertising.
Competition.The applications industry is competitive and has no single, dominant desktop or mobile application brand globally. We believe that the ability of Mosaic Group to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the continued growth of consumer adoption of free and paid mobile applications generally and related engagement levels;
its ability to operate its various mobile applications as a scalable platform;
its ability to retain existing subscribers and acquire new subscribers in a cost-effective manner;
its ability to market and distribute its mobile applications through third party digital app stores, including the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store, in a cost-effective manner;
its ability to continue to optimize its marketing and monetization strategies;
the continued growth of smartphone adoption in certain regions of the world, particularly emerging markets;
the continued strength of Mosaic Group brands; and

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its ability to introduce new and enhanced mobile applications in response to competitor offerings, consumer preferences, platform demands, social trends and evolving technological landscape.
Intellectual Property
We rely heavily upon our trademarks, service marks and related domain names and logos to market our brands and to build and maintain brand loyalty and recognition, as well as upon trade secrets, and regard this intellectual property as critical to our success. We also rely, to a lesser extent upon patented and patent-pending proprietary technologies with expiration dates ranging from October 2022May 2024 to November 2035.December 2038.
We have generally registered and continue to apply to register and renew (or secure by contract where appropriate) trademarks and service marks as they are developed and used, and reserve, register and renew domain names as we deem appropriate. We also generally seek to apply for patents or for other similar statutory protections (as and if we deem appropriate) based on then current facts and circumstances and intend to continue to do so in the future.
In addition, in the case of our Digital and Print publishing brands, to build and maintain these brands, we rely heavily on copyright protections for original content that we produce and publish.
We rely on a combination of internal and external controls, including applicable laws, rules and regulations and restrictions with employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others, as well as legal action, to establish, protect and otherwise control our various intellectual property rights.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a variety of domestic and foreign laws and regulations in the U.S. and various jurisdictions abroad involving matters that are important to (or may otherwise impact) our various businesses, such as (among others) broadband internet access, online commerce, privacy and data security, advertising, intermediary liability, consumer protection, taxation, worker classification and securities compliance. These domestic and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are continually evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations (and any amended, proposed or new laws and regulations) are often uncertain, particularly in the Internet industry, and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and over time, which could result in conflicts with our current policies and practices and those of our various businesses.
Because we conduct substantially all of our business on the Internet, we are particularly sensitive to laws and regulations that could adversely impact the popularity or growth in use of the Internet and/or online products and services generally, restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact whether or how we may provide our products and services, regulate the practices of third parties upon which we rely to provide our products and services and/or undermine an open and neutrally administered Internet access.

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For example, in December 2017, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) adopted the Restoring Internet Freedom Order. This order, which was released in January 2018 and took effect in June 2018, reversed net neutrality protections in the United States that had been in place since 2015, including the repeal of specific rules against blocking, throttling or “paid prioritization” of content or services by Internet service providers. Also, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (“Section 230”), which generally provides immunity for website publishers from liability for third partythird-party content appearing on their platforms and the good faith removal of third partythird-party content from their platforms that they may deem obscene or offensive (even if constitutionally protected speech), since its adoption has been (and continues to be) subject to a number of challenges. The immunities conferred by Section 230 could also be narrowed or eliminated through amendment, regulatory action, judicial interpretation or judicial interpretation. In 2018, the U.S. Congress amended Section 230 to remove certain immunities and most recently, in 2020, various members of the U.S. Congress introduced bills to further limit Section 230, and a petition was filed by a Department of Commerce entity with the Federal Communications Commission to commence a rulemaking to further limit Section 230.legislative efforts. Any future adverse changes to Section 230 could result in additional compliance costs for us and/or exposure forto additional liabilities. In addition, the European Union’s Digital Services Act, which was fully implemented in May 2021,February 2024, enhances the moderation obligations and potential liabilities of digital platforms. Further, in late 2023, the United Kingdom proposed legislation (specifically,enacted the May 2021 Online Safety Bill) that seeksBill, which significantly increased responsibilities of online platforms to create a new regulatory body responsible for establishing duties of care for Internet companies that provide user-generate contentcontrol illegal or harmful activity and for assessing related compliance.

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granted broad authority to the communications regulator in the United Kingdom to enforce its provisions.
Because we receive, store and use a substantial amount of information received from or generated by our users and subscribers, we are also impacted by laws and regulations governing privacy, the collection, storage, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal data and data security, primarily in the case of our operations in the United States and the European Union and the handling of personal data of users located in the United States and the European Union. Recent examplessecurity. Examples of comprehensive regulatory initiatives in the area of privacy and data security include a comprehensive European Union privacy and data protection reform, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR, which applies to certain companies that are organized in the European Union or otherwise provide services to (or monitor) consumers who reside in the European Union, imposes significant penalties (monetary and otherwise) for non-compliance, as well as provides a private right of action for individual claimants. The GDPR will continue to be interpreted by European Union data protection regulators, which may require us to make changes to our business practices and could generate additional risks and liabilities. DataIn addition, enforcement actions brought by data protection regulators in European Union member stated have taken a strict view of cookie consent requirements following the enactment of the GDPR and enforcement actions are on thestates continue to rise.
In addition, in October 2015,July 2023, the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) invalidatedUnion, the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor framework that had been in place since 2000 forUnited Kingdom and Switzerland established certain frameworks to facilitate the transfer of personal data from the European Economic Area (the “EEA”)by way of new mechanisms to the U.S., While these frameworks are consistent with applicable local laws, rules and on July 16, 2020, the ECJ invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield as an adequate safeguard when transferring personalregulations, they and other frameworks for cross-border data from the EEAtransfers continue to the U.S. These regulationsface legal challenges.As privacy regulation generally and related legal challenges continue to evolve, andwe may ultimately require usneed to devote more resources towards compliance and/or make changes to our business practices to ensure compliance, all of which could be costly. Also, the exit from the European Union by the United Kingdom could result in the application of new and conflicting data privacy and protection laws and standards to our operations in the United Kingdom and our handling of personal data of users located in the United Kingdom.
Moreover, while multiple legislative proposals concerning privacy and the protection of user information are being considered byat the U.S. Congressfederal and variousstate level in the U.S. state legislatures,, certain U.S. state legislatures have already enacted privacy legislation, one of the strictest and most comprehensive of which is the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which became effective on January 1, 2020 (the “CCPA”). The CCPA provides data privacy rights for California consumers and restricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products, services and operations. The CCPA also provides consumers with a private right of action for security breaches, as well as provides for statutory damages. In addition, onin November 3, 2020, California voters approved Proposition 24 (the “California Privacy Rights Act of 2020”), which amendsamended certain provisions of the CCPA and becomes effects Januarybecame fully enforceable on July 1, 2023, will2023. The California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 further restrictrestricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products and services and operations and/or could impose additional operational requirements on such businesses. Virginia and Colorado alsoMany other U.S. states have passed comprehensive privacy legislation that became effective in 2021 that will2023 or is expected to become effective in 2023, both2024, all of which are similar to the CCPA, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020.
As privacy regulation and related legal challenges continue to evolve, we may need to devote increased resources in connection with compliance efforts generally and/or make changes to our business practices, which could be costly. Furthermore, privacy litigation claims related to the sharing of personal information with third parties in connection with advertising efforts are becoming increasingly prevalent and could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") continues to increase its focus on privacy, data sharing and data security practicepractices and we anticipate this focus to continue. If so, as a result, we could be subject to various private and governmental claims and actions in this area. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Our Business and OperationsRisk Factors — General Risk Factors — The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.

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As a provider of certain subscription-based products and services, we are also impacted by laws or regulations affecting whether and how our businesses may periodically charge users for membership or subscription renewals. For example, the FTC is currently in the process of amending its Pre-Notification Negative Option Rule to impose additional requirements on the marketing and sale of subscription-based products and services, including double opt-ins for subscription sign-ups, clear and conspicuous disclosure of material subscription terms, a simple cancellation method and an annual renewal reminder. If enacted, the proposed rule may require changes to the manner in which our businesses market subscription-based products and services. Compliance with the proposed rule could be costly and related changes to our platforms and marketing efforts could adversely affect consumer conversion and renewal rates. The proposed rule also expands the ability of the FTC to seek civil penalties and consumer redress for violations. In addition, the European Union Payment Services Directive, which became effective in 2018, could impact the ability of certain of our businesses to efficiently process auto-renewal payments for, as well as offer promotional or differentiated pricing to, users who reside in the European Union. Similar laws exist in the U.S., including the federal Restore Online Shoppers Confidence Act and various U.S. state laws, and legislative and regulatory enactments or amendments are under consideration in a number of U.S. states. The adoption of the proposed rule and/or any other law that adversely affects revenue from recurring membershipsubscription-based products and services and/or subscription paymentsthe manner in which we market and sell such products and services could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in the case of our Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com and Mosaic Group businesses.
We are also sensitive to the adoption of new tax laws. The European Commission and several European countries have recently adopted (or intend to adopt) proposals that would change various aspects of the current tax framework under which certain of our European businesses are taxed, including proposals to change or impose new types of non-income taxes (including taxes based on a percentage of revenue). For example, certain of our businesses are now subject to and pay digital services taxes in the United Kingdom, France and Italy.

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In addition, primarily in the case of certain businesses within our Angi Inc. financial reporting segment, we are sensitive to the adoption of worker classification laws, specifically, laws that could effectively require us to change the classification of certain of the service professionals and caregivers affiliated these businesses from independent contractors to employees, as well as changes to state and local laws or judicial decisions relating to the definition and/or classification of independent contractors. For example, California’s worker classification statute (AB 5) effectively narrows the definition of an independent contractor by requiring hiring entities to use a different, stricter test to determine a given worker’s classification. In addition, AB 5 places the burden of proof for classifying workers as independent contractors on hiring entities and provides enforcement powers to the state and certain cities. Also, AB 5 has been the subject of widespread national discussion and it is possible that other jurisdictions may enact similar laws. Since we currently treat certain of the service professionals affiliated with certain businesses within our Angi Inc. financial reporting segment as independent contractors for all purposes, we do not withhold federal, state and local income or other employment related taxes, make federal or state unemployment tax or Federal Insurance Contributions Act payments or provide workers’ compensation insurance with respect to such individuals. If we are required as the result of new or amended laws, regulations, interpretations or orders to reclassify these individuals as employees, it could be exposed to various liabilities and additional costs, including exposure (for prior and future periods) under federal, state and local tax laws, and workers’ compensation, unemployment benefits, labor, and employment laws, as well as potential liability for penalties and interest.
Also, in the case of the businesses within our Angi Inc. financial reporting segment, we may be subject to certain U.S. state and local licensure requirements related to the provision of pre-priced offerings. If so, typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended by the licensing authority for cause at any time. Moreover, in some jurisdictions, the loss of a license for cause could result in the loss of licenses in other jurisdictions and/or could make it more difficult to obtain new and/or renewal licenses. Obtaining and renewing such license and related compliance could be costly and the failure to comply with licensure requirements could result in bad publicity and related damage to our reputation, brands and brand-building efforts and/or actions by governmental and regulatory authorities and/or litigation, as well as generate additional risks and liabilities (including the imposition of penalties).
We are also subject to laws, rules and regulations governing the marketing and advertising activities of our various businesses conducted by or through telephone, email, mobile digital devices and the Internet, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the "TCPA"), the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM act and similar state laws, rules and regulations, as well as local laws, rules and regulations and relevant agency guidelines governing background screening.
With respect to the TCPA, we are subject to the December 13, 2023 ruling of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), which requires 1:1 prior express written consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message when using automated technology. The result of this rule is that a business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent. Certain of our businesses, primarily Angi Inc., will be required to make changes to products and services and third-party affiliate relationships to ensure compliance and such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals.”
In addition, we also are subject to various other federal, state, and local laws, rules and regulations focused on consumer protection. These laws, rules and regulations are enforced by governmental entities such as the FTC and state Attorneys General offices and may confer private rights of action on consumers as well.Changes in these laws, or a proceeding of this nature, could have an adverse effect on us due to legal costs, impacts on business operations, diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and other factors.
We are also sensitive to the adoption of new tax laws. The European Commission and several European countries have adopted (or intend to adopt) proposals that impact various aspects of the current tax framework under which certain of our European businesses are taxed, including new types of non-income taxes (including digital services taxes in the United Kingdom and Italy, which are based on a percentage of revenue and tied to where consumers are located). Certain of our businesses are subject to digital services taxes in one or more of the jurisdictions listed above and similar proposed tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, certain U.S. states have adopted or are considering the adoption of similar laws applicable to revenue attributable to digital advertising and other forms of digital commerce.
In addition, primarily in the case of certain businesses within our Angi Inc. segment, we are sensitive to the adoption of worker classification laws, specifically, laws that could effectively require us to change the classification of certain service professionals from independent contractors to employees. The Angi Inc. businesses sensitive to these laws continue to monitor such laws to ensure compliance and if they are required to reclassify service professionals from independent contractors to employees and/or the classification of service professionals as independent contractors is challenged for any reason, we could be exposed to various liabilities and additional costs for prior and future periods, including exposure under federal, state and local tax laws, workers’ compensation and unemployment benefits, minimum and overtime wage laws and other labor and employment laws, as well as potential liability for penalties and interest. If the amounts related to such liabilities and additional costs are significant, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 17 — Contingencies."
Lastly, as a company based in the U.S. with foreign offices in various jurisdictions worldwide, we are subject to a variety of foreign laws governing the foreign operations of its various businesses, as well as U.S. laws that restrict trade and certain practices, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

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Human Capital
Overview
IAC’s future success depends upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain a highly skilled and diverse workforce across our various businesses worldwide. While policies and practices related to the identification, hiring, development, motivation and retention of employees vary across IAC and our various businesses, at their core, such policies and practices are generally designed to: (i) increase long-term IAC stockholder value by attracting, retaining, motivating and rewarding employees with the competence, character, experience, diversity of perspective and ambition necessary to enable the Company to meet its growth objectives, (ii) encourage and support the professional development of, and engender loyalty among, employees who have demonstrated the strength, vision and determination necessary to overcome obstacles and unlock their true professional potential by providing them with appropriate opportunities within IAC and itsour businesses and (iii) help foster a diverse, inclusive and entrepreneurial culture across our various businesses.
In order to achieve these objectives, we believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and otherwise incentivize employees in unique and attractive ways, as well as develop and promote talent from within and remain committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, IAC had approximately 13,200nearly 9,500 employees, substantially all of whom were full-time employees and the substantial majority of whom were based in the United States. Less that 2% of our workforce (all within our Dotdash Meredith financial reporting segment and based outside of the United States) is unionized. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.

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Compensation and Benefits
We believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and other benefits to our workforce. While compensation packages vary across IAC and our various businesses, compensation packages generally consist of base salary (plus commissions in the case of sales and other similar positions) and, on a discretionary basis, annual cash bonuses (on a discretionary basis), and(and in certain cases, equity or equity-based awards.awards).
We also provide comprehensive health, welfare and retirement benefits. Healthcare benefits are significantly subsidized by the Company and the coverage provided reflects our commitment to inclusivity and the physical and mental well-being of all employees.
In the case of welfare benefits, we maintain generous paid time off and paid leave policies across our businesses and offer subsidized backup child and elder care for our employees. We believe in giving back to the causes and charities that are important to our employees and match charitable contributions made by our employees to qualifying charities on a dollar-for-dollar basis, subject to an annual cap per employee. We also encourage our employees to support the communities in which they live and work and provide our employees with paid time off each year to volunteer for charitable and community service projects.
In the case of retirement benefits, in the U.S., we offer our employees a 401(k) retirement savings program with generous employer matching contributions, subject to an annual cap per employee. We believe that we have a responsibility to encourage (and contribute to) the retirement readiness of each of our employees and believe that this generous 401(k) retirement savings program matchmatching contribution is a meaningful commitment to the long-term welfare and security of our workforce.
Talent Development
We generally aim to develop talent from within and supplement with external hires. As a result, senior management across the Company and our businesses generally possesses a great depth of knowledge and experience regarding the Company, and our businesses, which is critical for effective succession planning, and with external hires providing a fresh perspective. The human resources teams across the Company and our businesses use internal and external resources to recruit highly skilled, talented and diverse employees, and employee referrals for open positions are encouraged.
In addition, we actively seek to identify the next generation of leaders in technology early and often through the IAC Fellows program, a first-of-its-kind program connecting students from under-served and under-resourced backgrounds with academic and leadership opportunities. IAC Fellows join the program as early as high school and stay for up to six years, rotating across a diverse set of IAC businesses during that time in the form of competitively paid internships that put IAC Fellows in the trenches, testing their skills in real world scenarios. Through these experiences, IAC Fellows gain exposure to different business models, functions and roles within IAC, as well as access to IAC senior leadership as mentors and coaches. IAC Fellows also receive an academic stipend following the completion of each paid internship. For those IAC Fellows hired by IAC or any of its businesses following the completion of their paid internships and who stay for a period of three years, IAC will pay off the entirety of their school loans.

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To be eligible for the IAC Fellows program, studentsapplicants must be high-achieving students from low-income backgrounds or families with financial need, with eligibility assessed individually based on the compositionhistorically and income of a given student’s family, andsystematically underrepresented communities, with first-generation college students being given priority consideration. Students must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. and possess the following personal attributes: (i) leadership abilities, (ii) a strong interest in science, technology, computer science and/or math, (iii) demonstrated intellectual curiosity and devotion to study, (iv) a hunger to learn and achieve academically and (v) ethics, integrity and strength of character.

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Lastly, through our charitable foundation, we award scholarships to high-achieving students who have a demonstrable need for financial assistance. Recipients can use scholarships for various college-related expenses, such as tuition, course-related fees, books, supplies and equipment.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We are committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day. Accordingly, we view diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) efforts as integral to our success. While DE&I efforts, policies and practices vary across our businesses, they include (in addition to the IAC Fellows program discussed above) at certain of our businesses: (i) pay equity analyses conducted on an annual basis to ensure that women and employees from traditionally under-represented groups are not adversely impacted by pay bias, (ii) employee community resource groups (ECGs)(ERGs) led and supported by senior executives (and in certain cases, funded by the relevant business), and (iii) incentivizing DE&I by tying bonus structure to diversity goals and metrics and (iv) launching DE&I councils at certain of our businesses that collaborate directly with senior executives to roll out DE&I training, as well to determine ways to diversify product and service experiences, attract a more diverse population of employees and invest in building diverse and equitable local communities.
Additional Information
Company Website and Public Filings
The Company maintains a website at www.iac.com. Neither the information on the Company’s website, nor the information on the website of any IAC business, is incorporated by reference into this annual report, or into any other filings with, or into any other information furnished or submitted to, the SEC.
The Company makes available, free of charge through its website, its Annual Reportsannual reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reportsquarterly reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reportscurrent reports on Form 8-K (including related amendments) as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with (or furnished to) the SEC. These reports (including related amendments) are also available at the SEC's website, www.sec.gov.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Company’s codeCode of ethicsBusiness Conduct and Ethics applies to all of our employees (including IAC’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and directors and is posted on the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at ir.iac.com under the “Code of Ethics”Conduct” tab. This code of ethics complies with Item 406 of SEC Regulation S-K and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Any changes to thethis code of ethics that affect the provisions required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K (and any waivers of such provisions of the code of ethics for IAC’s principal executive officers, seniorprincipal financial officers orofficer, principal accounting officer and directors) will also be disclosed on IAC’s website.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
This annual report on Form 10-K contains “forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to: IAC’s future financial performance, IAC’s business prospects and strategy,anticipated trends and prospects in the industries in which IAC’s businesses operate and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on IAC management's expectations and assumptions about future events as of the date of this annual report, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.
Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward‑looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, among others, the risk factors set forth below. Other unknown or unpredictable factors that could also adversely affect IAC’s business, financial condition and results of operations may arise from time to time. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward‑looking statements discussed in this annual report may not prove to be accurate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which only reflect the views of IAC management as of the date of this annual report. IAC does not undertake to update these forward‑looking statements.

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Risk Factors
Risk Factors Related to Our Business, Operations and Ownership
Marketing efforts designed to drive visitors to our various brands and businesses may not be successful or cost-effective.
Traffic building and conversion initiatives involve considerable expenditures for online and offline advertising and marketing. We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant expenditures for search engine marketing (primarily in the form of the purchase of keywords, which we purchase primarily through Google and, to a lesser extent, Microsoft and Yahoo!), social media advertising (primarily in the form of Sponsored Posts on Facebook) and other online display advertising and traditional offline advertising (including television and radio campaigns) in connection with these initiatives, which may not be successful or cost-effective. Also, to continue to reach consumers and users, we will need to continue to identify and devote more of our overall marketing expenditures to newer digital advertising channels (such as online video, social media, streaming, OTT and other digital platforms), as well as target consumers and users via these channels in a cost-effective manner. SinceAs these channels are undeveloped and unprovencontinue to evolve relative to traditional channels (such as television), it could continue to be difficult to assess returns on related marketing investments. Historically, we have had to increase advertising and marketing expenditures over time in order to attract and convert consumers, retain users of our various products and services and sustain our growth.
Our ability to market our brands and businesses on any given property or channel is generally subject to the policies of the relevant third partythird-party seller, publisher (including search engines, web browsers and social media platforms with extraordinarily high levels of traffic and numbers of users) or marketing affiliate. As a result, we cannot assure yoube certain that these parties will not limit or prohibit us or our affiliate marketing partners from purchasing certain types of advertising (including the purchase by us of advertising with preferential placement or for certain of our products and services) and/or using one or more current or prospective marketing channels in the future. If a significant marketing channel took such an action generally, for a significant period of time and/or on a recurring basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, if we fail to comply with the policies of third partythird-party sellers, publishers and/orand marketing affiliates, our advertisements could be removed without notice and/or our accounts could be suspended or terminated, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any phasing out (or blocking) of third partythird-party cookies by web browsers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely heavily on free search engine marketing to drive traffic to our properties. The display, including rankings, of search results can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our direct control, and may change frequently. Search engines have made changes in the past to their ranking algorithms, methodologies and design layouts that have reduced the prominence of links to websites offering our products and services and negatively impacted traffic to such websites, and we expect that search engines will continue to make such changes from time to time in the future. However, we may not know how (or otherwise be in a position) to influence actions of this nature taken by search engines. With respect to search results in particular, even when search engines announce the details of their methodologies, their parameters may change from time to time, be poorly defined or be inconsistently interpreted. In addition, if there are changes in the usage and functioning of search engines or decreases in consumer use of search engines, for example, as a result of the continued development of artificial intelligence technology, this could negatively impact our ability to drive traffic to our properties.

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Our failure to respond successfully to rapid and frequent changes in the operating and pricing dynamics of search engines, as well as changing policies and guidelines applicable to keyword advertising and content quality (which may be unilaterally updated by search engines without advance notice) and any other changes in the usage and functioning of search engines (including decreased consumer use of search engines), could adversely affect our paid and free search engine marketing efforts. Specifically, such changes could adversely affect paid listings (both their placement and pricing), as well as the ranking of links to websites offering our products and services within search results, any or all of which could increase our marketing costs (particularly if free traffic is replaced with paid traffic) and adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts overall. In addition, the failure to respond successfully to policy updates with respect to the phasing out (or blocking) of third partythird-party cookies by web browsers, (which may be done unilaterally by web browsers without notice), as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third partythird-party cookies, could also adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Lastly, in connection with the acquisition of traffic and leads directly from third parties, certain of our businesses also enter into various arrangements with thirdsuch parties (including advertising agencies)and marketing firms) to drive traffic to their various brands and businesses and generate leads, which arrangements are generally more cost-effective than traditional marketing efforts. If these businesses are unable to renew existing (and enter into new) arrangements of this nature, sales and marketing costs as a percentage of revenue would increase over the long-term, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, recent regulatory changes may make it more difficult for these businesses, particularly those within our Angi Inc. segment, to obtain traffic and leads by way of third-party affiliate relationships. See "Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation" and " — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals." Lastly, in the quality and convertibilitycase of traffic and leads acquired directly and generated through third party arrangementsthird-party affiliates, the quality, validity (from real users with genuine interest and, if applicable, otherwise acquired in a manner that complies with contractual obligations in place with paid listings providers or advertisers) and convertibility of such traffic and leads are dependent on many factors, most of which are generally outside of our control. If the quality, and/validity or convertibility of traffic and leads we acquire directly and/or via third-party affiliates do not meet the expectations of the users of our various products and services, our paid listings providers and/or advertisers (as well any third parties who may acquire such traffic or leads from our paid listings providers or advertisers), as applicable, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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We rely on search engines to drive traffic to our various properties. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services. If links to websites offering our products and services are not displayed prominently in search results, traffic to our properties could decline and our business could be adversely affected.
As discussed above, the amount of traffic we attract through search engines is due in large part to how and where websites offering our products and services (and related information and links to those properties) are displayed on search engine results pages. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services and may change their displays or rankings in order to promote their products or services or the products or services of one or more of our competitors. Any such action could negatively impact the search rankings of links to websites offering our products and services, or the prominence with which such links appear in search results. Our success depends on the ability of links to websites offering our products and services to maintain a prominent position in search results, and in the event operators of search engines promote their own competing products in the future in a manner that has the effect of reducing the prominence or ranking of links to websites offering our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Certain of our businesses depend upon arrangements with Google.
A meaningful portion of our consolidated revenue (and a substantial portion of our net cash from operations that we can freely access) is attributable to a services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, we display and syndicate paid listings provided by Google in response to search queries generated through the businesses within our Search financial reporting segment. In exchange for making our search traffic available to Google, we receive a share of the revenue generated by the paid listings supplied to us, as well as certain other search related services. Our agreement with Google expires on March 31, 2024 and provides for an automatic renewal for an additional year absent a notice of non-renewal from either party on or before March 31, 2023.
2025.

The amount of revenue we receive from Google depends on a number of factors outside of our control, including the amount Google charges for advertisements, the efficiency of Google’s system in attracting advertisers and serving up paid listings in response to search queries and parameters established by Google regarding the number and placement of paid listings displayed in response to search queries. In addition, Google makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to advertisers) of clicks on paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the amount of revenue we receive. Google also makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to users) of paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the number of advertisements that we can purchase. Changes to the amount Google charges advertisers, the efficiency of Google’s paid listings network and the quality of related traffic, Google’s judgment about the relative attractiveness to advertisers of clicks on paid listings from our properties or to the parameters applicable to the display of paid listings generally could result in a decrease in the amount of revenue we receive from Google and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such changes could come about for a number of reasons, including general market conditions, competition or policy and operating decisions made by Google.
Our services agreement with Google also requires that we comply with certain guidelines for the use of Google brands and services, including the Chrome browser and Chrome Web Store. These guidelines govern which of our products and applications may access Google services or be distributed through its Chrome Web Store, and the manner in which Google’s paid listings are displayed within search results across various third partythird-party platforms and products (including our properties). Our services agreement also requires that we establish guidelines to govern certain activities of third parties to whom we syndicate paid listings, including the manner in which these parties drive search traffic to their websites and display paid listings. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice, whether under the services agreement or otherwise, which could in turn require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which could be costly to address or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Noncompliance with Google’s guidelines by us or the third parties to whom we are permitted to syndicate paid listings or through which we secure distribution arrangements for the businesses within our Search financial reporting segment could result in the suspension of some or all Google services to us (or the websites of our third partythird-party partners) and/or the termination of the services agreement by Google. Google has, in the past, made policy changes generally and under the services agreement, which had a negative impact on the historical and expected future results of operations of our Desktop business, as well as suspended services with respect to some orof our Desktop products, and may take continued or further action with respect to our products and businesses in the future.

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The termination of the services agreement by Google (including the non-renewal of the agreement upon its expiration), the curtailment or worsening of our rights under the agreement, including the failure to allow our products to access Google services (whether pursuant to the terms thereof or otherwise), and/or the failure of Google to perform its obligations under the agreement and/or policy changes implemented by Google under the services agreement or otherwise would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of these events were to occur, we may not be able to find another suitable alternate provider of paid listings (or if an alternate provider were found, the economic and other terms of the agreement and the quality of paid listings may be inferior relative to our arrangements with (and the paid listings supplied by) Google) or otherwise replace the lost revenues.

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Changes in the usage and functioning of search engines related to generative artificial intelligence technology (“GAI”), related disruption to marketing technologies and platforms and use of our content by GAI chatbots could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
GAI-powered chatbots and other tools could change the way people access and consume information, and if they supplant traffic to the websites of our businesses (in particular, the Digital business within our Dotdash Meredith segment), we could experience decreased traffic and advertising revenues, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, GAI has the potential to generate digital content and information and develop digital products and services at a much greater scale and in a more cost-effective manner relative to traditional efforts, which could result in increased competition. The use of GAI could lead to unintended consequences, including generating content that appears correct but is factually inaccurate, misleading or otherwise flawed. Several jurisdictions worldwide have proposed or enacted laws, rules and regulations governing GAI, and compliance with such laws, rules and regulations could be costly. The failure to adopt or otherwise adapt to evolving GAI capabilities could adversely affect our ability to compete generally, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, to the extent GAI chatbots misappropriate or misuse our copyrighted content, the value of this content will be diminished and our ability to invest in new content will be adversely impacted, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, upon the continued migration of certain markets and industries online and the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services as effective alternatives to traditional offline products and services.
Through our various businesses, we provide a variety of online products and services that continue to compete with their traditional offline counterparts. We believe that the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services generally will depend, to a large extent, on the continued growth in commercial use of the Internet (particularly abroad) and the continued migration of traditional offline markets and industries online.
For example, the success of our Angi Inc. businesses and our Care.com business depends, in substantial part, on the continued migration of the home services and care-related services markets, respectively, online. If for any reason these markets do not migrate online as quickly as (or at lower levels than) we expect and consumers and service professionals (and subscribers and caregivers) continue, in large part, to rely on traditional offline efforts to connect with one another, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Lastly, the success of our advertising-supported businesses also depends, in part, on their ability to compete for a share of available advertising expenditures as more traditional offline and emerging media companies continue to enter the online advertising market, the continued growth and acceptance of online advertising generally and their ability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape (for example, in response to the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers and consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies). Any lack of growth in the market for online advertising and/or our inability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See also "-Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands."
Our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to develop and monetize versions of our products and services for mobile and other digital devices.
As consumers increasingly access our products and services through mobile and other digital devices, we will need to continue to devote significant time and resources to ensure that our products and services are accessible across these platforms (and multiple platforms generally). If we do not keep pace with evolving online, market and industry trends (including the introduction of new and enhanced digital devices and changes in the preferences and needs of consumers generally), offer new and/or enhanced products and services in response to such trends that resonate with consumers, monetize products and services for mobile and other digital devices as effectively as traditional products and services and/or maintain related systems, technology and infrastructure in an efficient and cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, the success of our mobile and other digital products and services depends on their interoperability with various third-party operating systems, technology, infrastructure and standards, over which we have no control. Any changes to any of these things that compromise the quality or functionality of our mobile and digital products and services could adversely affect their usage levels and/or our ability to attract consumers and advertisers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Advertising revenue represents a significant portion of our consolidated revenue. Accordingly, we are sensitive to general economic events and trends that adversely impact advertising spending levels.
A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is attributable to digital and other advertising, primarily revenue from the businesses within our Dotdash Meredith and Search segments. Accordingly, events and trends that put economic pressure on advertisers and consumers could continue to result in decreased advertising expenditures and related revenues generally, which would continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising is highly dependent upon the strength of the economy in the United States, so any general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, rising interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions, could adversely affect demand for advertising and consumer confidence, and in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as alternative forms of media and entertainment (relative to traditional forms of media) continue to grow, competition for advertising will continue to increase, which could adversely affect demand for (and the effectiveness of) advertising through our various platforms, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers, as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies, could also adversely affect our ability to sell advertising and the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands.
We intend to continue to focus on digital content and advertising across our portfolio of publishing brands, including the deployment of our playbook for building digital lifestyle brands across Dotdash Meredith brands. As a result, we intend to continue to increase our investment in our Digital business. If this focus and increased investment does not generate increased revenue from our Digital business and/or if we otherwise do not successfully execute this strategy generally and/or in a cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our success depends, in substantial part, on our continued ability to market, distribute and monetize our products and services through search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms.
The marketing, distribution and monetization of our products and services depends on our ability to cultivate and maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon. These platforms could decide not to market and distribute some or all of our products and services, change their terms and conditions of use or advertising policies at any time (and without notice), favor their own products and services over our products and services and/or significantly increase their fees. While we expect to maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with these platforms, no assurances can be provided that we will be able to do so and our inability to do so in the case of one or more of these platforms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In particular, as consumers increasingly access our products and services through applications, (both mobile and desktop), we increasingly depend upon the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, Google’s Chrome Web Store, Microsoft Store and Amazon App Store to distribute our mobile and desktop browser applications. The operators of these stores have broad discretion to change their respective terms and conditions applicable to the distribution of our applications, including those relating to privacy and data collection,the amount of (and requirement to pay) certain fees associated with purchases facilitated by such stores through our applications, their ability to interpret their respective terms and conditions in ways that may limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to distribute our applications through such stores, the features we may provide in our products and services, our ability to access information about our subscribers and users that they collect and the manner in which we market in-app products. The operators of these stores could also make changes to their operating systems or payment services that could negatively affect us. No assurances can be provided that the operators of these stores will not interpret their respective terms and conditions in the manner described above and to the extent any of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
While some of our mobile applications are generally free to download from these stores, many of them are subscription-based. While we determine the prices at which these subscriptions are sold, currently, all related purchases must be processed through the in-app payment systems provided by these stores, for which we pay these stores a meaningful share of the related revenue we receive. Given the increasing distribution of our mobile applications through digital app stores and strict in-app payment system requirements, we may need to offset increased digital app store fees by decreasing traditional marketing expenditures as a percentage of revenue, increasing user volume or monetization per user or engaging in other efforts to increase revenue or decrease costs generally, or our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our success depends, in part, upon the continued migration of certain markets and industries online and the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services as effective alternatives to traditional offline products and services.
Through our various businesses, we provide a variety of online products and services that continue to compete with their traditional offline counterparts. We believe that the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services generally will depend, to a large extent, on the continued growth in commercial use of the Internet (particularly abroad) and the continued migration of traditional offline markets and industries online.
For example, the success of the businesses within our Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices) financial reporting segment and our Care.com business depends, in substantial part, on the continued migration of the home services and care-related services markets online. If for any reason these markets do not migrate online as quickly as (or at lower levels than) we expect and consumers and service professionals (and subscribers and caregivers) continue, in large part, to rely on traditional offline efforts to connect with one another, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Lastly, the success of our advertising-supported businesses also depends, in part, on their ability to compete for a share of available advertising expenditures as more traditional offline and emerging media companies continue to enter the online advertising market, as well as on the continued growth and acceptance of online advertising generally. Any lack of growth in the market for online advertising could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to develop and monetize versions of our products and services for mobile and other digital devices.
As consumers increasingly access our products and services through mobile and other digital devices (including through digital voice assistants), we will need to continue to devote significant time and resources to ensure that our products and services are accessible across these platforms (and multiple platforms generally). If we do not keep pace with evolving online, market and industry trends (including the introduction of new and enhanced digital devices and changes in the preferences and needs of consumers generally), offer new and/or enhanced products and services in response to such trends that resonate with consumers, monetize products and services for mobile and other digital devices as effectively as its traditional products and services and/or maintain related systems, technology and infrastructure in an efficient and cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, the success of our mobile and other digital products and services depends on their interoperability with various third party operating systems, technology, infrastructure and standards, over which we have no control. Any changes to any of these things that compromise the quality or functionality of our mobile and digital products and services could adversely affect their usage levels and/or our ability to attract consumers and advertisers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Advertising revenue represents a significant portion of our consolidated revenue. Accordingly, we are sensitive to general economic events and trends that adversely impact advertising spending levels.
A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is attributable to digital and other advertising, primarily revenue from the businesses within our Dotdash Meredith and Search financial reporting segments. Accordingly, events and trends that result in decreased advertising expenditures could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising is highly dependent upon the strength of the economy in the United States, so any economic downturn could adversely affect demand for advertising, and in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, the growth in alternative forms of media and entertainment (primarily digital advertising channels) has increased competition for advertising. This trend could adversely affect demand for advertising through our various platforms, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue from our Print business is declining.
Our Print business generates revenue from various channels, the largest of which are the sale of print magazine subscriptions to consumers and magazine advertising, followed by newsstand sales. The profitability of our print magazine publications (and in turn, our Print business) depends, in substantial part, on our ability to both maintain a profitable audience and sell advertising based on that audience. The industry in which our Print business operates is extremely competitive and such business will continue to face increasing competition from alternative forms of media and entertainment (primarily digital channels). As a result, in 2022 we recently eliminated the print component of certain of our publishing brands and reduced the circulation of others, which willtogether with continuing trends in the print publishing industry, negatively impactimpacted (and continues to negatively impact) our Print revenue. We continue to expect Print revenue from print magazine subscriptions, advertisers and newsstand sales to decline over the next few years. If we do not offset the decrease in Print magazine subscriptions by increasing subscription prices, our revenue may decline more than we expect.decline. And if we do not offset reductions in revenue with the implementation of cost-cutting measures and continue to proactively manage this decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands.

We intend to increasingly focus on digital content across our portfolio of publishing brands, and as a result, intend to increase our investment in our Digital business. If this shift in focus and increased investment does not generate increased revenue from our Digital business and/or if we otherwise do not successfully execute this strategy generally and/or in a cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

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Increases in paper and postage prices are difficult to predict and control.
In the case of our Print business, paper and postage represent a significant component of costs. Paper is a commodity and its price can be subject to significant volatility. Paper prices reached all time-highs in early 2023. We rely on multiple third parties to supply us with paper for our print magazines, the largest of which are located in the European Union. Our paper supply contracts currently provide for price adjustments based on prevailing market prices and historically, we have been able to realize favorable paper pricing through volume discounts. Our paper suppliers and/or the paper mills upon which they rely for inventory may experience events outside of their and our control that result in supply chain disruptions (for example, labor force disruptions (strikes and union negotiations) and weather, among other events). The United States Postal ServicesService (the “USPS”) distributes substantially all of our subscription magazines and many of our marketing materials. Postal rates are dependent on the operating efficiency of the USPS and on legislative mandates imposed upon the USPS. Although we work with others in the industry and through trade organizations to encourage the USPS to implement efficiencies that will minimize postal rate increases, we cannot predicthave no control over such matters. The current USPS is committed to increasing postal rates, which combined with certainty the magnitudeimpact of future price changes for paper and postage. Volatilityvolatility in paper prices and paper supply chain disruptions, and/or USPS rate increases could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a single supplier to print our magazines.magazines and primarily rely on two wholesalers to distribute our magazines through newsstands.
In the case of our Print business, we produce print magazines in the United States and rely on one supplier (the only one capable of producing such print magazines) to do so. We also rely primarily on two wholesalers, each of which is the only distributor of scale in its respective geographical regions, to distribute the substantial majority of our print magazines to newsstands in the United States. If thisfor any reason, our one supplier fails to deliver our print magazines for whatever reason,and/or one or both of the two wholesalers cannot distribute our print magazines to newsstands, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. If so,In this case, we may not be able to move the printing of our print magazines to an alternative supplier.supplier and/or the distribution of our print magazines to alternative wholesalers, particularly given the contracting nature of the print magazine market generally (and shrinking wholesaler options). And even if we were to fund anfind alternative supplier,vendors, the economic and other terms of the arrangementarrangements and the quality of the services provided could be inferior relative to the arrangementarrangements with our current suppliervendors and/or we may not be able to replace lost revenues. Any transitiontransitions in this regard would be costly and time consuming and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our pension plan obligations could increase.
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corp. in December 2021, our Dotdash Meredith business assumed certain pension plan obligations. The two largest of these pension plans are funded plans in the United Kingdom and the United States, both of which are overfunded on a U.S. GAAP basis (see “Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data —Note 17— Note 13 — Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans”). The pension plan in the United Kingdom relates to a business that was sold by Meredith Holdings Corp.Corporation prior to December 2021,the acquisition, and as of the date of this annual report, there are no active participants in such plan accruing benefits. This plan has entered into annuity contracts designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants until the annuity contracts are settled. The value of these annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match (in other words, the full benefits have been annuitized). In addition, as ofeffective December 31, 2022, the date of this annual report, thequalified pension plan in the United States is closedterminated and from and after such date, no participants accrued additional service credits under that plan. Following the receipt of a favorable determination letter regarding the termination of the U.S. plan from the Internal Revenue Service, each plan participant will elect to new participants and a substantial portionhave their benefits satisfied by way of plan participants are terminated participants, which means that benefits of terminated participants are immediately payable if they elect a lump sum cash payment option. Despite both pension plans being overfunded on a U.S. GAAP basis, additional funding may be required. We are obligated to fund these two pension plans inor the eventpurchase of an actual deficit,annuity on the amount of which changes daily and is determined by many factors (including changes inrelevant participant's behalf. While the fair value of the plan assets, inflation, and interest rates). If the fair value of plan assets wereCompany does not expect to decline, our actuarial assumptions are incorrect or, in the case of the value of accrued benefits, interest rates decline, our pension plan obligations would increase and our business, financial condition and results of operationshave to make any contributions to these plans, that could be adversely affected.change based upon future events.

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Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. and Care.com to establish and maintain relationships with quality and trustworthy service professionals and caregivers.
We must continue to attract, retain and grow the number of skilled and reliable service professionals who can provide services across Angi Inc. platforms and caregivers who can provide care-related services through the Care.com platform. If we do not offer innovative products and services that resonate with consumers, and service professionals, (and subscribers and caregivers)caregivers generally, as well as provide service professionals and caregivers with an attractive return on their marketing and advertising investments, the number of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with Angi Inc. and Care.com platforms, respectively, would decrease. Any such decreasedecreases would result in smaller and less diverse networks and directories of service professionals and caregivers, and in turn, decreases in service requests, pre-priced bookings and directory searches, as well as subscriber requests for caregivers, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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In addition to valuing the skill and reliability of service professionals and caregivers, consumers and families want to work with service professionals and caregivers whowhom they can trust to work in their homes and with their family members and with whom they can feel safe. While there are screening processes and certain other safety-related measures in place at these businesses (which generally include certain limited background checks) intended to prevent unsuitable service professionals and caregivers from joining and remaining on our various platforms, these processes have limitations and, even with these safety measures, no assurances can be provided regarding the future behavior of any service provider or caregiver onaffiliated with our platforms. Inappropriate and/or unlawful behavior on the part of service professionals and caregiversprofessional and/or caregiver behavior generally (particularly any such behavior that compromises their trustworthiness and/or of the safety of consumers and families) could result in decreases in service requests and subscriber requests for caregivers and related care services, bad publicity and related damage to our reputation, brands and brand-building efforts and/or actions by governmental and regulatory authorities, criminal proceedings and/or litigation. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Angi Inc. brand integration initiative may continue to involve substantial costs, including as a result of a continued negative impact on organic search placement, and may not be favorably received by customers and service professionals.
In March 2021, Angi Inc. updated one of its leading websites and brands, Angie’s List, to Angi, and concentrated its marketing investment on the Angi brand in order to focus its marketing, sales and branding efforts on a single brand. Angi Inc. has incurred (and we expect will continue to incur) substantial costs as a result of this brand integration initiative and the Angi brand may not be able to achieve or maintain brand name recognition or status that is comparable to the recognition and status previously enjoyed by Angie’s List, and customers and service professionals may be confused as Angi Inc. transitions and focuses on the Angi brand. Angi Inc. relies heavily on free and paid search engine marketing efforts to drive traffic to its platforms. The brand initiative has adversely affected the placement and ranking of Angi Inc. websites, particularly Angi.com, in organic search results as Angi does not have the same domain history as Angie’s List. In addition, Angi Inc. shifted marketing to support the Angi brand away from the HomeAdvisor brand, which has negatively affected the efficiency of Angi’s Inc.’s search engine marketing efforts.
Since the beginning of the brand integration initiative, these efforts have had a pronounced negative impact on service requests from organic search results and via Angi Inc.'s mobile applications, which in turn has resulted in increased paid search engine marketing to generate service requests. The combined effect of this during the year ended December 31, 2021 has reduced revenue and increased marketing spend, materially more than expected at the launch of the brand initiative in the first quarter of 2021. Angi Inc. expects the pronounced negative impact to organic search results, the increased paid search engine marketing costs and the reduced monetization from Angi Inc’s mobile applications to continue until such time as the Angi brand establishes search engine optimization ranking and consumer awareness is established. Any or all of these impacts could continue to increase marketing costs (particularly if free traffic is replaced with paid traffic) and adversely affect the effectiveness of Angi Inc.’s marketing efforts overall. Finally, as Angi Inc. aligns and focuses its organization around the single Angi brand, it could experience financial and operational challenges and reduced service professional participation across its various businesses. Depending on market acceptance, the brand integration initiative could adversely affect the ability of Angi Inc. to attract and retain customers and service professionals, which could cause Angi Inc. not to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits contemplated by the brand integration initiative..
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. to continue to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally.
ThroughThe Services business within our Angi Services business, we provideInc. segment provides a pre-priced offerings,offering, pursuant to which we contract withconsumers can request services through Services platforms and pay for such services on the applicable platform directly. These service professionals to performrequests are then fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a specific task for a consumer at contracted price.trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services. Increases in pre-priced offerings (which we expect to be the case over time) could reduce the levellevels of service professional participation in ourat Angi Ads and Angi LeadsInc.'s other businesses, and in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact the ability of our Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals.
In addition, while pre-priced offerings offer potentially higher profit opportunities, they also involve greater financial risk because we bearconnection with the impactmarketing of cost overruns,our products and services and efforts to generate leads for service professionals, the businesses within our Angi Inc. segment have historically relied on their ability (and the ability of service professionals) to communicate with consumers via phone and text message, in some cases, using automated technology, as have third-party affiliates through which Angi Inc. businesses market their products and services. As discussed in "Item 1-Business-Description of IAC Businesses-Government Regulation," in an effort to reduce robocalls and robotexts, there has been an increased effort by U.S. regulatory authorities and telecommunications carriers to ensure that consumers opt in to receiving certain marketing calls and text messages from businesses. For example, the FCC has adopted an amendment to the express consent requirements of the TCPA to require a 1:1 consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message using automated technology. This means that each business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent from the consumer. While the amendment is not yet finalized, as proposed, in the case of our Angi Inc. businesses, it will require revisions to some processes and certain aspects of product experience, as well as to third-party affiliate arrangements. These revisions could result in increased costs. For example, weexpenses. Further, the increased disclosures and consent requirements under the proposed rule could miscalculateadversely impact consumer engagement levels and consumer conversion in the costs, materials and/or or time neededcase of Angi Inc. products and services, which would decrease leads generated on Angi Inc. platforms, as well as the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to complete consumer requests or consumers could provide us with inaccurate information, which could result in us charging consumers too little for contracted tasks,obtain leads through third-party affiliate arrangements, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Independent of the proposed TCPA amendment, phone carriers increasingly dictate rules for obtaining consent from consumers to receive text messages. This may reduce the number of consumers who opt in to receiving both marketing and transactional text messages from Angi Inc. businesses and service professionals, which could further adversely impact the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals and, in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers.
We depend on search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Google, Apple and Facebook, to market, distribute and monetize our products and services. Our users and subscribers engage with these platforms directly, and in the case of digital app stores, are generally subject to requirements regarding the use of their payment systems for various transactions. As a result, these platforms generally receive personal data about our users and subscribers that we would result in us havingotherwise receive if we transacted with our users and subscribers directly. Certain of these platforms have restricted (and continue to absorbrestrict) our access to personal data about our users and subscribers obtained through their platforms. In addition, the actual, higher costprivacy and data collection policies of certain platforms require users to opt-in to sharing their devices’ unique identifiers with our businesses, which allow them to recognize a given device and track related activity across applications and websites, primarily for contracted tasksmarketing purposes. If these platforms continue to limit, eliminate or risk not beingotherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers, our ability to identify, communicate with and market to a meaningful portion of our user and subscriber bases may be adversely impacted. If so, our customer relationship management efforts, our ability to identify, target and reach new segments of our user and subscriber bases and the population generally, the efficiency of our paid marketing efforts, the rates we are able to find service professionalscharge advertisers seeking to perform contracted tasks at contracted rates. Ourreach users and subscribers of our various properties and our ability to develop and implement safety features, policies and procedures for certain of our products and services could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that the search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms upon which we rely will not continue to (or continue to increasingly) limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers or that any future platforms upon which we may rely will not do the same. To the extent that any or all of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if actual costs exceed the assumptions used in offering contracted tasks through pre-priced offerings.

affected.
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Our ability to engage directly with our users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers directly on a timely basis is critical to our success.
As consumers increasingly communicate via mobile and other digital devices and messaging and social media apps, email usage of email (particularly among younger consumers) has declined and we expect this trend to continue. In addition, deliverability and other restrictions could limit or prevent our ability to send emails to users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers. Recently, email providers have tightened their spam thresholds. Exceeding these more stringent spam thresholds could result in some or all of the emails from our various businesses being delayed or blocked, and therefore less likely to be opened. A continued and significant erosion in our ability to engage with users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers via email could adversely impact the user experience, engagement levels and conversion rates, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that any alternative means of communication (for example, push notifications and text messaging) will be as effective as email has been historically.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers.
We depend on search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Google, Apple and Facebook, to market, distribute and monetize its products and services. Our users and subscribers engage with these platforms directly, and in the case of digital app stores, may be subject to requirements regarding the use of their payment systems for various transactions. As a result, these platforms may receive personal data about our users and subscribers that we would otherwise receive if we transacted with our users and subscribers directly. Certain of these platforms have restricted our access to personal data about our users and subscribers obtained through their platforms. If these platforms limit or increasingly limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers that they have collected, our ability to identify and communicate with a meaningful portion of our user and subscriber bases may be adversely impacted. If so, our customer relationship management efforts, our ability to identify, target and reach new segments of our user and subscriber bases and the population generally, the efficiency of our paid marketing efforts, the rates we are able to charge advertisers seeking to reach users and subscribers on our various properties and our ability to develop and implement safety features, policies and procedures for certain of our products and services could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that the search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms upon which we rely will not limit or increasingly limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers that they have collected. To the extent that any or all of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Mr. Diller, certain members of his family and Mr. Levin are able to exercise significant influence over the composition of IAC’s Boardboard of Directors,directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations.
As of February 11, 2022,9, 2024, Mr. Diller, his spouse Diane(Diane von Furstenberg,Furstenberg) and his stepson Alexander(Alexander von Furstenberg,Furstenberg) collectively held (directly and through certain trusts) shares of IAC Class B common stock and IAC common stock that represented approximately 41.142.2 % of the total outstanding voting power of IAC (based on the number of shares of IACClass B and common stock outstanding and entitled to vote as ofon February 11, 2022)9, 2024).
As a result of the IAC securities beneficially ownedheld by these individuals, as of the date of this report, such individuals are and will be,(and are expected to continue to be), collectively, in a position to influence (subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law), the composition of IAC’s Boardboard of Directorsdirectors and the outcome of corporate actions requiring shareholderstockholder approval such(such as mergers, business combinations and dispositions of assets, among other corporate transactions.transactions). These sharessecurities are subject to a voting agreement with Mr. Levin, IAC’s Chief Executive Officer. Asthe Voting Agreement described under "Item 1-Business-Equity Ownership and Vote" and as a result of such agreement, as of the Voting Agreement,date of this report Mr. Levin is currently(and is expected to continue to be) in a position, subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law, to influence his election to IAC’s board of directors and influence the outcome of Contingent Matters (as defined in the Voting Agreement). This concentration of investment and voting power could discourage others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to IAC and its shareholders,stockholders, which could adversely affect the market price of IAC securities.
In addition, the holders of the Class B common stock could sell all or a portion of thosethe shares of Class B common stock collectively held by Mr. Diller, his spouse and stepson could be sold to a third party, which could result in the purchaser obtaining significant influence over IAC, the composition of IAC’s Boardboard of Directors,directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations, without consideration being paid to holders of shares of IACour common stock, and without holders of shares of IACour common stock having a right to consent to the identity of such purchaser. Pursuant to the Voting Agreement, if any of the holders of the Class B common stock were to determine to sell shares of Class B common stock to a person other than Mr. Diller, his family members or certain entities controlled by such persons, they have agreed that they will discuss with Mr. Levin selling such shares to himMr. Levin before selling them to any other party.

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Risk Factors Related to Our Liquidity, Indebtedness and Dilution
Current and future indebtedness could affect our ability to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith, Inc. entered into the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, which provides for: (i) a five year $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (ii) a seven yearseven-year Dotdash Meredith $1.25 billion Term Loan B and (iii) a five year $150 million Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.1$2.0 billion, consisting of $350$315.0 million and $1.25$1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, and $500$500.0 million of ANGI Group Senior Notes. As of that date, there was borrowing availability of $150 million under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility.
The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the ability of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries to take specified actions, including, among other things (and subject to certain exceptions): (i) creating liens, (ii) incurring indebtedness, (iii) making investments and acquisitions, (iv) engaging in mergers, dissolutions and other fundamental changes, (v) making dispositions, (vi) making restricted payments (including dividends and certain prepayments of junior debt)debt, if any), (vii) consummating transactions with affiliates, (viii) entering into sale-leaseback transactions, (ix) placing restrictions on distributions from subsidiaries, and (x) changing its fiscal year. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also contains customary affirmative covenants and events of default. For a description of certain restrictions in effect following the test period ended December 31, 2023, see “Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity Assessment.”
The obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith’s wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries (other than Dotdash Meredith and its subsidiaries in the case of obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement) guarantee any indebtedness of Dotdash Meredith nor are they subject to any of the covenants related to such indebtedness.
The terms of the Dotdash Meredith indebtedness could:
limit our ability to obtain financings and the ability Dotdash Meredith to obtain additional financings to fund working capital needs, acquisitions, capital expenditures or debt service requirements or for other purposes;
limit our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of our businesses in the event that we need to dedicate a substantial portion of these funds to service Dotdash Meredith indebtedness;
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to compete with other companies who are not as highly leveraged;
restrict us or Dotdash Meredith from making strategic acquisitions, developing properties or exploiting business opportunities;
restrict the way in which we or Dotdash Meredith conduct business;
expose us to potential events of default, which if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results and that of Dotdash Meredith;
increase our and Dotdash Meredith’s vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions or in pricing of our various products and services; and
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to react to changing market conditions in the various industries in which we do business.
We may incur, and subject to restrictions in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith may incur, additional, indebtedness. Any additional indebtedness incurred by us (or Dotdash Meredith in compliance with applicable restrictions) that is significant could increase the risks described above.
For additional information regarding the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement and indebtedness outstanding thereunder, see “Item 7-Management's7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-FinancialOperations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources and Financial Position.”

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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.
The ability of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. to satisfy thescheduled debt obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreementtheir respective debt agreements will depend upon, among other things:
Dotdash Meredith'stheir future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control;
their future ability to incur indebtedness; and
our future ability to incur indebtedness andin the case of Dotdash Meredith only, the future ability of Dotdash Meredith to borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility, which will depend on, among other things, the ability of Dotdash Meredith to comply with the covenants governing its existing indebtedness.
Neither weDotdash Meredith nor Dotdash MeredithAngi Inc. may be able to generate sufficient cash flow from ourtheir respective operations (and/or, in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility) in amounts sufficient to meet their respective scheduled debt obligations. See also “-We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. and its subsidiaries” below. If so, wethey could be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or seek additional capital (in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, in a manner that complies with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement.Agreement). If these efforts do not generate sufficient funds to meet scheduled debt obligations, wethey would need to seek additional financing and/or negotiate with lenders to restructure or refinance the indebtednesstheir respective outstanding under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. Ourindebtedness. Their ability to do so would depend on the condition of the capital markets and thetheir respective financial condition of IAC and Dotdash Meredith at such time. Any such financing, restructuring or refinancing could be on less favorable terms than the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement andthose of their current respective indebtedness (and if Dotdash Meredith is the borrower, would need to comply with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of such agreement.agreement).
Variable rate indebtedness subjectsand interest rate swaps subject us to interest rate risk.risk and counterparty risk, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.1$2.0 billion, consisting of $350$315.0 million and $1.25$1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, which bear interest at variable rates, and $500$500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate. As of that date, we had borrowing availability of $150 million under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. Borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans A and B are, and any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility will be, at variable interest rates, which exposes us to interest rate risk. To hedge a portion of the interest rate risk in respect of this indebtedness, in March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027, which expose Dotdash Meredith to counterparty credit risk based on the potential default of one or more counterparties.
For details regardingregarding: (i) the variable interest rates applicable to indebtedness outstanding under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement as of December 31, 20212023 and how certain increases and decreases in applicable interestthose rates would affect related interest expense as of December 31, 2023 and generally, (ii) the interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and (iii) the fixed interest rates applicable to the ANGI Group Senior Notes and how certain increases and decreases in market rates relative to those rates would affect the fair value of this indebtedness, see “Item 7A-Quantitative7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and/or Angi Inc. and their respective subsidiaries.
Our potential sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of certain of our subsidiaries and proceeds from asset sales, including marketable securities. While the ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us depends on their individual operating results and applicable statutory, regulatory or contractual restrictions generally, in the case of Dotdash Meredith, the terms of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement limit the ability of Dotdash Meredith to pay dividends or make distributions, loans or advances to stockholders (including IAC) in certain circumstances. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 7 — Long-Term Debt." In addition, because Angi Inc. is a separate and distinct publicly traded legal entity, with public shareholders, Angi Inc. has no obligation to provide us with funds.
You may experience dilution with respect to your investment in IAC, and IAC may experience dilution with respect to its investment in Angi Inc., as a result of compensatory equity awards.
IAC has issued various compensatory equity awards, including stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights and restricted stock unit awards denominated in shares of itsIAC common stock, as well as in equity of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries, including Angi Inc. Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries.

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The issuance of shares of IAC common stock in settlement of these equity awards could dilute your ownership interest in IAC. Angi Inc. compensatory equity awards that are settled in shares of Class A common stock of Angi Inc. could dilute IAC’s ownership interest in Angi Inc. The dilution of IAC’s ownership stake in Angi Inc. could impact its ability, among other things, to maintain Angi Inc. as part of its consolidated tax group for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to effect a tax-free distribution of its Angi Inc. stake to its stockholders or to maintain control of Angi Inc. As IAC generally has the right to maintain its levels of ownership in Angi Inc. to the extent Angi Inc. issues additional shares of its capital stock in the future pursuant to an investor rights agreement, IAC does not currently intend to allow any of the foregoing to occur. With respect to awards denominated in shares of IAC’s non-publicly traded subsidiaries, IAC estimates the dilutive impact of those awards based on itsthe estimated fair value of those subsidiaries. Those estimates may change from time to time, and the fair value determined in connection with vesting and liquidity events could lead to more or less dilution than reflected in IAC’s diluted earnings per share calculation.
General Risk Factors
Our businesses operate in especially competitive and evolving industries.
The industries in which our brands and businesses operate are competitive, with a consistent and growing stream of new products and entrants. Some of our competitors may enjoy better competitive positions in certain geographical areas, user demographics and/or other key areas that we currently serve or may serve in the future. Generally, (and particularly in the case of theour brands and businesses within our Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) financial reporting segment, we compete with search engine providers and online marketplaces that can market their products and services online in a more prominent and cost-effective manner than we can. We also generally compete with social media platforms with access to large existing pools of potential users and their personal information, which means these platforms can drive visitors to their products and services, as well as better tailor products and service to individual users, at little to no cost relative to those involved with our efforts. Any of these advantages could enable our competitors to offer products and services that are more appealing to consumers than our products and services, respond more quickly and/or cost effectively than we do to evolving market opportunities and trends and/or display their own integrated or related products and services in a more prominent manner than our products and services in search results, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, costs to switch among products and services are generally low orto non-existent andgiven that consumers generally have a propensity to try new products and services (and use multiple products and services simultaneously). As a result, we expect the continued emergence of new products and services, entrantscompetitors and business models in the various industries in which our brands and businesses operate. Our inability to continue to innovate and compete effectively against new products and services, competitors and competitorsbusiness models could result in decreases in the size and levels of engagement of our various user and subscriber bases, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are sensitive to general economic events and trends, particularly those that adversely impact consumer confidence and spending behavior.behavior, as well as general geopolitical risks.
Events and trends that result in decreased levels of consumer confidence and discretionary spending (for example, a general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, high interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions) could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The businesses withinin our Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) financial reporting segment are particularly sensitive to events and trends that could result in consumers delaying or foregoing home services projects (including difficulties obtaining supplies for and financing for such projects) and service professionals being less likely to pay for consumer matches, subscriptions and/or time-based advertising, whichAngi Inc.'s various products and services. Similarly, our Care.com business is particularly sensitive to events and trends that could result in decreases in service requests, pre-priced bookings and directory searches.adversely impact the ability of families to pay for caregiver services. Any such decreasesevents or trends could adversely impact the number and quality of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with our Angi Leads and Angi Servicesthese businesses and listed in Angi directories and/or could adversely impact the reach of (and breathbreadth of services offered through) our Angi Leads and Angi Servicesthese businesses, and Angi branded directories, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, negative changes in capital marketsLastly, given the adverse financial and operational impact we experienced as a result of the coronavirus and measures designed to contain its spread, any future outbreak of a widespread health epidemic or pandemic could adversely impact theour ability of the third party with which Angi Inc. has contracted to continue to offer a consumer financing option through the Angi Pro Leads mobile app, which could adversely impact the adoptionconduct ordinary course business activities and use of this feature by consumers,employee productivity and in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations.increase operating costs.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to build, maintain and/or enhance our various brands.
Through our various businesses, we own and operate a number of widely known consumer brands with strong brand appeal and recognition within their respective markets and industries, as well as a number of emerging brands that we are in the process of building. We believe that our success depends, in large part, on our continued ability to maintain and enhance our established brands, as well as build awareness of (and loyalty to) our emerging brands. Events that could adversely impact our brands and brand-building efforts include (among others): product and service quality concerns, consumer complaints or lawsuits, lack of awareness of the policies of our various businesses and/or how they are applied in practice, our failure to respond to consumer, user, service professional and caregiver feedback, ineffective advertising, inappropriate and/or unlawful actions taken by consumers, users, service professionals and caregivers, actions taken by governmental or regulatory authorities, data protection and security breaches and related bad publicity. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See also “  — Risks Relating to Our Business, Operations and Ownership  — The Angi Inc. brand integration initiative may continue to involve substantial costs, including as a result of a continued negative impact on organic search placement, and may not be favorably received by customers and service professionals.”
The global outbreak of COVID-19 and other similar outbreaks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of a widespread health epidemic or pandemic, including the continuing outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19), which has been declared a “pandemic” by the World Health Organization. The continuing outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a widespread global health crisis, and governments in affected regions have implemented measures designed to curb its spread, such as social distancing, government-imposed quarantines and lockdowns, travel bans and other public health safety measures. These measures have resulted in significant social disruption and have had (and may continue to have) an adverse effect on economic conditions generally, advertising expenditures and consumer confidence and spending, all of which could have an adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
As previously disclosed, the initial impact of COVID-19 on the businesses within our Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) financial reporting segment initially resulted in a decline in demand for service requests, driven primarily by decreases in demand in certain categories of jobs (particularly discretionary indoor projects). While these businesses experienced a rebound in service requests in the second half of 2020 and through early 2021, service requests did start to decline in May 2021 compared to the comparable months of 2020 as a result of the surge in 2020 and due to impacts of the Angi Inc. brand integration initiative. Moreover, many service professionals have been adversely impacted by labor and material constraints and have had limited capacity to take on new business, which continues to negatively impact the ability of the businesses within our Angi Inc. financial reporting segment to monetize the increased level of service requests. Although the ability to monetize service requests rebounded modestly in the second half of 2021, it still has not returned to levels experienced pre-COVID-19. No assurances can be provided that the businesses with our Angi Inc. financial reporting segment will continue to be able to improve monetization, or that service professionals' businesses (and, as a consequence, revenue and profitability) will not be adversely impacted in the future. In addition, our Search financial reporting segment has experienced an increase in revenue in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year due, in part, to lower advertising rates in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. See “Item 7  — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for IAC   — Overview — Consolidated and Combined Results.”
Resurgences of COVID-19 and government-imposed measures to control the spread of COVID-19 may continue to adversely impact our ability to conduct ordinary course business activities for the foreseeable future, and could adversely impact employee productivity and increase operating costs. Moreover, we may also experience business disruption if the ordinary course operations of our contractors, vendors and/or business partners are adversely affected. Any of these measures could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The extent to which developments related to COVID-19 and measures designed to curb its spread continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and many of which are beyond our control, including the continuing spread of COVID-19, the severity of resurgences of COVID-19 caused by variant strains of the virus, the effectiveness of vaccines and attitudes towards receiving them, material and supply chain constraints, labor shortages, the scope of governmental and other restrictions on travel, discretionary services and other activity and public reactions to these developments. For example, these developments and measures have resulted in rapid and adverse changes to the operating environment in which we do business, as well as continued significant uncertainty concerning the near and long term economic ramifications of the COVID-19 outbreak, which have adversely impacted our ability to forecast our results and respond in a timely and effective manner to trends related to COVID-19. The longer the global outbreak and measures designed to curb the spread of COVID-19 continue to adversely affect levels of consumer confidence, discretionary spending and the willingness of consumers to interact with other consumers, vendors and service providers face-to-face (and in turn, adversely affect demand for our various products and services), the greater the adverse impact is likely to be on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the more limited our ability will be to try and make up for delayed or lost revenues.
The COVID-19 outbreak may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this proxy statement/consent solicitation statement/prospectus. IAC will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The volatile nature of our operating results in 2020 due to COVID-19 will impact the comparability of our year-over-year results of operations and the impact of COVID-19 on IAC’s revenues and expenses may also continue to fluctuate into 2022.
We may not be able to protect our systems, technology and infrastructure from cyberattacks and cyberattackscybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity incidents experienced by third parties maycould adversely affect us.
We are regularly subjected to attacks by cyber criminalsthreat actors through the use of botnets, malware or other destructive or disruptive software, distributed denial of service attacks, phishing and attempts to misappropriate user information and account login credentials and intercept payments intended for legitimate third parties, among other similar malicious activities. The incidence of events of this nature (or any combination thereof) is on the rise worldwide. While we continuouslyOur efforts to develop and maintain systems, processes and procedures designed to detect and prevent events of this nature from impacting our systems, technology, infrastructure, products, services, payment processes and procedures and users and have invested (and continue to invest) heavily in these efforts and related personnel and training and deploy data minimization strategies (where appropriate), these efforts are costly and require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome preventative security measures become more sophisticated. Despite these efforts, someThere can be no assurance that the systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of our systemscybersecurity incidents will be sufficient to prevent or detect material consequences arising from such incidents, which could have experienced past security incidents, none of which had a material adverse effect on our systems if such incidents do occur. Despite these efforts, we could experience significant or material cybersecurity incidents in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and we could experience significant or material events of this nature in the future.operations.
Any cybersecurity incident or other similar event of this nature that we experience could damage our systems, technology and infrastructure and/or those of our users, prevent us from providing our products and services, compromise the integrity of our products and services, damage our reputation, erode our brands and/or be costly to remedy, as well as subject us to investigations by regulatory authorities, fines and/or litigation that could result in liability to third parties. Even if we do not experience such events firsthand,directly, the impact of any such events experienced by third parties upon which we rely and with which we contract for various products and services could have a similar effect. No assurances can be provided that we will not experience futureCybersecurity incidents or other similar events involving third partyexperienced by third-party service providers that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operationsoperations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in apart, costs associated with significant or material manner. Wecybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not havebe adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses resulting from any of these events.such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future. If we (or any third party with which we do business or on which we otherwise rely upon) experience(s) an event of this nature, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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If personal, confidential or sensitive user information is breached or otherwise accessed by unauthorized persons, it may be costly to mitigate and our reputation could be harmed.
We receive, process, store and transmit a significant amount of personal, confidential and/or sensitive user and subscriber information and, in the case of certain of our products and services, enable users and subscribers to share their personal information with each other. While we continuouslyOur efforts to develop and maintain systems designed to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of this information (and only engage third parties to store this information who do the same), we cannot guarantee thatmay not prevent inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure, will not occur or thatand third parties will notmay gain unauthorized access to this information. When such events occur, we may not be able to remedy them, we may be required by law to notify regulators and impacted individuals and it may be costly to mitigate the impact of such events and to develop and implement protections to prevent future events of this nature from occurring. When breaches of security (ours or that of any third party that we engage to store such information) occur, we could face governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions) and the reputation of our brands and business could be harmed, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not be adequate to compensate for losses resulting from any such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future.In addition, if any of the search engines, digital app stores or social media platforms through which we market, distribute and monetize our products and services were to experience a breach, third parties could gain unauthorized access to personal data about our users and subscribers, which could indirectly harm the reputation of our brands and business and, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.
We receive, transmit and store a large volume of personal information and other user and subscriber data (including private content, such as videos and correspondence) in connection with the processing of search queries, the provision of online products and services generally and the display of advertising on our various properties. The manner in which we share, store, use, disclose and protect this information is determined by the respective privacy and data security policies of our various businesses, as well as federal, state and foreign laws and regulations and evolving industry standards and practices, which are changing, and in some cases, inconsistent and conflicting and subject to differing interpretations. In addition, new laws, regulations and industry standards and practices of this nature are proposed and adopted from time to time. For a description of laws, regulations and rules concerning the processing, storage and use of disclosure of personal data, see “Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation.”
While we believe that we complyWe may be subject to claims of non-compliance with applicable privacy and data protection policies, laws and regulations and industry standards and practices in all material respects, we could still be subject to claims of non-compliance that we may not be able to successfully defend and/or that may result in significant fines and penalties. Moreover, any non-compliance or perceived non-compliance by us (and/or(or any third party we engage) or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to (or use or transmission of) personal information could result in a variety of claims against us, including governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions), claims of breach of contract and indemnity by third parties and adverse publicity. When such events occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, to the extent multiple U.S. state-levelstate (and/or European Union member-state level)member-state) laws continue to be introduced with inconsistent or conflicting standards and there is no federal or European Union regulation to preempt such laws, compliance could be even more difficult to achieve and our potential exposure to the risks discussed above could increase.
Lastly, ongoing compliance with existing (and compliance with future) privacy and data protection laws worldwide is (and we expect that it will continue to be) costly. The devotion of significant costsexpenditures to compliance (versus to the development of products and services) could result in delays in the development of new products and services, us ceasing to provide problematic products and services in existing jurisdictions and us being prevented from introducing products and services in new and existing jurisdictions, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our success depends, in part, on the integrity, quality, efficiency and scalability of our systems, technology and infrastructure, and those of third parties.
We rely on our systems, technology and infrastructure to perform well on a consistent basis. From time to time in the past, we have experienced (and in the future we may experience) occasional interruptions that make some or all of this framework and related information unavailable or that prevent us from providing products and services; any such interruption could arise for any number of reasons. We also rely on third partythird-party data center service providers and cloud-based, hosted web service providers, as well as third partythird-party computer systems and a variety of communications systems and service providers in connection with the provision of our products and services generally, as well as to facilitate and process certain payment and other transactions with users. We have no control over any of these third parties or their operations and the interruption of any of the services provided by these parties could prevent us from accessing user and subscriber information and providing our products and services. If any third parties upon which we rely cannot adequately or appropriately provide their services or perform their duties and responsibilities due to a cybersecurity incident or other interruption, we may be subject to business disruptions. Any business disruptions could adversely affect us and be costly to remediate, as well as result in user and customer dissatisfaction, reputational damage and/or legal or regulatory proceedings (among other adverse consequences), which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.While we may be entitled to damages if third parties fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award.
The framework described aboveOur systems, technology and infrastructure could be damaged or interrupted at any time due to hackers,cybersecurity incidents, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, acts of God and other similar events or disruptions. Any event of this nature could prevent us from providing our products and services at all (or result in the provision of our products and services on a delayed or interrupted basis) and/or result in the loss of critical data. WhileBusinesses that we acquire may employ cybersecurity controls or information security policies less robust than ours, which may require us to expend additional resources to integrate acquired systems into our own, and which could expose us to heightened risk.The backup systems that we and the third parties upon whom we rely have certain backup systems in place for certain aspects of our and their respective frameworks none of these frameworks are fully redundant and disaster recovery planning is not sufficientmay be insufficient for all recovery eventualities. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption. When such damages, interruptions or outages occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We also continually work to expand and enhance the efficiency and scalability of our frameworksystems, technology and infrastructure to improve the consumer and user experience, accommodate substantial increases in the number of visitors to our various platforms, ensure acceptable load times for our various products and services and keep up with changes in user and subscriber preferences. If we do not continue to do so in a timely and cost-effective manner, user and subscriber experiences and demand across our brands and businesses could be adversely affected, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on our key personnel.
Our future success will depend upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled, diverse and talented individuals worldwide, particularly in the case of senior management.leadership. Competition for well-qualified employees across IAC and its various businesses has been (and willis expected to continue to be) intense, particularly in the case of senior leadership and technology roles, and we must continue to attract new (and retain existing) employees to compete effectively. While we have established programs to attract new (and retain existing) key and other employees, we may not be able to attract new (ordo so in the future. If we fail to retain existing) key and other employees, this could result in the future. In addition, ifloss of institutional knowledge and the disruption of our day-to-day operations, which could adversely impact the effectiveness of our internal control framework and the ability of IAC and its various businesses to successfully execute long term strategic initiatives and other goals. If we do not ensure the effective transfer of knowledge to successors and smooth transitions (particularly in the case of senior management)leadership) by way of tailored succession plans across ourIAC and its various businesses, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C.    Cybersecurity
Overview
We recognize that the safety and security of our systems, technology and infrastructure (and those of key third-party service providers upon which we rely), as well as our content and confidential or sensitive user and employee information, is critical to maintaining the trust and confidence of our users and subscribers, consumers, advertisers and investors (among other stakeholders). As a result, Company management has established programs and related processes designed to manage cybersecurity issues, including the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks, together with related mitigation and recovery efforts. Our board of directors, directly and through our Audit Committee, oversees Company management in the execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including the assessment of the Company’s approach to cybersecurity risk management.
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Overview. Our cybersecurity programs and related processes generally consist of the following key elements: (i) risk assessment and management efforts, (ii) technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts, (iii) third-party risk management efforts, (iv) education, training and preparedness efforts and (v) governance efforts.
Risk assessment and management efforts. We assess, identify and manage cybersecurity risks as part of a comprehensive information security program that is intended to be aligned with standard industry frameworks, such as International Standard for Organization (ISO) 27000 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Framework.
As part of the ongoing refinement of our information security program, we engage (as appropriate) various third-party risk management services to assist with the identification of potential cybersecurity issues, such as those involving software vulnerabilities, configuration errors, data exposure and credential theft (among others), as well as consult with external legal counsel, third-party experts and other advisors to assist with incident response and recovery efforts, forensic investigations, extortion negotiations and crisis management or readiness for the same. We also maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur.
In addition, as discussed in more detail below under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance,” the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks have been integrated into our overall enterprise risk management (“ERM”) efforts.

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Technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts. As part of our information security program, we have implemented a number of tools and procedures designed to identify and remediate vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in our applications and infrastructure, as well as manage access and identities throughout their lifecycles. These tools and procedures are intended to be consistent with ISO and NIST frameworks, In addition, we have implemented an incident response policy that outlines established processes for addressing cybersecurity issues that leverages a cross-functional cybersecurity incident response team and outside advisors intended to allow the Company to take action in a timely and decisive manner in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations during the response, investigation and remediation of a given cybersecurity incident.
Third-party risk managementefforts. In addition to the assessment, identification and management of our own cybersecurity related risks, we also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with certain third-party service providers upon which we rely for a wide variety of technical and business functions. Our efforts in this regard consist of (among other efforts): (i) security assessments to determine whether key third-party service provider information security procedures meet our expectations, (ii) the use of a monitoring service that detects evidence of the compromise of key third-party provider systems, technology and infrastructure, (iii) assessments designed to identify business and technical risks to our systems, technology and infrastructure posed by key third-party service providers and (iv) the development of strategies to determine the potential adverse impact of, and develop mitigation strategies for, any cybersecurity incidents experienced by key third-party service providers on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Education, training and preparedness efforts. Education, training and preparedness are an important part of our information security program. In connection with our education and training efforts, we have developed and implemented a set of Company-wide policies and procedures regarding cybersecurity matters that impose responsibility on our employees through the course of their work to: (i) protect our systems, technology, infrastructure and data from cybersecurity threats, (ii) quickly report known or suspected cybersecurity incidents or other suspicious activity through designated channels and respond effectively to such events and (iii) use Company and personal information technology in a secure manner. In addition, we generally mandate information security training for our employees and our software developers generally receive mandatory additional technical training, each on an annual basis. In connection with our preparedness efforts, we periodically participate in tabletop exercises with the goal of helping management effectively respond to cybersecurity incidents that may occur. We also maintain documented incident response policies to help ensure that our response activities are consistent and appropriate.
Governance. See the disclosure under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance” below.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing Company management’s execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including our approach to cybersecurity risk management. Our board of directors executes this oversight in coordination with our Audit Committee, which pursuant to its charter, assists the Board with risk assessment and risk management policies as they relate to cybersecurity risk exposure (among other risk exposures), as well as part of its regularly scheduled meetings and through discussions with Company management on an as needed basis.
In addition, the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks has been integrated into our ERM efforts. As part of that annual process, cybersecurity risks across our businesses are included in the risk universe that our Executive Risk Committee (consisting of members of Company senior management) evaluates to identify our top enterprise risks and develop related mitigation plans. The cybersecurity and other risks are reviewed during the year through our ERM process and discussed with our Audit Committee at least semi-annually and with our board of directors at least annually.
Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for the development and implementation of our information security program on a Company-wide basis, together with a dedicated team of experienced, Company-wide information security analysts. Our CISO has over twenty-five years of experience leading the development, implementation and oversight of information security programs and members of the information security team have relevant certifications, educational and industry experience.

Our CISO is also responsible for reporting on the status of our information security program and related efforts and processes to Company senior management periodically, and to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis. In addition, our CISO reports cybersecurity matters to Company senior management and the Audit Committee on an as-needed basis. At each regularly scheduled meeting of our board of directors, the Chair of our Audit Committee provides quarterly updates regarding significant matters discussed, reviewed, considered and approved by the committee since the last regularly scheduled board meeting (including cybersecurity matters, as and if applicable), as well as timely updates outside of quarterly updates on an as needed basis. Lastly, our CISO promptly informs Company management and our Audit Committee of cybersecurity incidents that meet established reporting thresholds or when otherwise determined appropriate, as well as provides ongoing updates regarding such incidents until they have been resolved.

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Cybersecurity Risks
As discussed above and under "Item 1A —Risk Factors—Risk Factors—General Risk Factors," we face a number of cybersecurity risks across our various businesses, and we have experienced threats to and unauthorized intrusions of our systems, technology and infrastructure from time to time. While to our knowledge we have not to date experienced a cybersecurity incident or threat that has materially and adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations, we cannot provide assurances that they will not be materially affected in the future by such incidents.
Item 2.    Properties
IAC believes that the facilities for its management and operations are generally adequate for its current and near-term future needs. IAC’s facilities, most of which are leased by IAC’s businesses in various cities and locations in the United States and various jurisdictions abroad, generally consist of executive and administrative offices, operations centers, data centers and sales offices.
IAC believes that its principal properties, whether owned or leased, are currently adequate for the purposes for which they are used and are suitably maintained for these purposes. IAC does not anticipate any future problems renewing or obtaining suitable leases on commercially reasonable terms for any of its principal businesses. IAC’s approximately 202,500nearly 200,000 square foot corporate headquarters in New York, New York houses offices for IAC corporate and various IAC businesses within the Angi Inc. and Emerging & Other financial reporting segments.Other. In addition, through our Dotdash Meredith financial reporting segment, we own (and are the sole occupant) of the approximately 383,000 square foot former corporate headquarters of Meredith Holdings Corp.a building in Des Moines, Iowa.Iowa with approximately 208,000 in square footage that primarily houses offices and production facilities for certain Dotdash Meredith employees.

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Item 3.    Legal Proceedings
Overview
In the ordinary course of business, IAC and its subsidiaries are (or may become) parties to litigation involving property, personal injury, contract, intellectual property and other claims, as well as stockholdershareholder derivative actions, class action lawsuits and other matters. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage. The litigation mattersmatter described below involveinvolves issues or claims that may be of particular interest to IAC's stockholders, regardless of whether any of these matterssuch matter may be material to IAC's financial position or operations based upon the standard set forth in the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.SEC.
Tinder Optionholder Litigation against IAC and Match Group
On August 14, 2018, ten then-current and former employees of Match Group, LLC or Tinder, Inc. ("Tinder"), an operating business of Match Group, filed a lawsuit in New York state court against IAC and Match Group. SeeSean Rad et al. v. IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc., No. 654038/2018 (Supreme Court, New York County). The complaint alleged that in 2017, the defendants: (i) wrongfully interfered with a contractually established process for the independent valuation of Tinder by two investment banks, resulting in a substantial undervaluation of Tinder and a consequent underpayment to the plaintiffs upon exercise of their stock options, and (ii) then wrongfully merged Tinder into Match Group, thereby depriving the plaintiffs of their contractual right to later valuations of Tinder on a stand-alone basis. The complaint asserted claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unjust enrichment, interference with contractual relations (as against Match Group only), and interference with prospective economic advantage, and sought compensatory damages in the amount of at least $2 billion, as well as punitive damages. On August 31, 2018, four plaintiffs who were still employed by Match Group filed a notice of discontinuance of their claims without prejudice, leaving the six former employees as the remaining plaintiffs.
On October 9, 2018, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on various grounds, including that the 2017 valuation of Tinder by the investment banks was an expert determination any challenge to which was both time-barred under applicable law and available only on narrow substantive grounds that the plaintiffs did not plead in their complaint; the plaintiffs opposed the motion. On June 13, 2019, the court issued a decision and order: (i) granting the motion to dismiss the claims for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and for unjust enrichment, (ii) granting the motion to dismiss the merger-related claim for breach of contract as to two of the remaining six plaintiffs, and (iii) otherwise denying the motion to dismiss. On May 21, 2020, on appeal by the defendants and after extensive appellate briefing and motion practice, the Appellate Division, First Department, issued an order affirming the lower court's decision on different grounds.
On July 12, 2020, the four individuals who earlier had discontinued their claims in the New York lawsuit commenced separate arbitration proceedings against IAC and Match Group before the American Arbitration Association in California, asserting the same claims and seeking the same relief as the six remaining plaintiffs in the New York lawsuit. See Rosette Pambakian et al. v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al., No. 01-20-0009-9733. On April 30, 2021, the respondents filed a motion for summary judgment dismissing the claimants' merger-related claims; the plaintiffs opposed the motion. On August 24, 2021, the arbitrator issued a ruling granting the respondents’ motion.
On July 9, 2021, the defendants in the New York lawsuit filed a motion for summary judgment; the plaintiffs opposed the motion. On October 1, 2021, the court issued a decision and order granting the motion in part and denying it in part. The court dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract based upon the defendants’ merger of Tinder into Match Group and conversion of the plaintiffs’ Tinder options into Match Group options, as well as the plaintiffs’ tort claims for interference with contractual relations and interference with prospective economic advantage. As a result, the only claims remaining for trial were the plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract based upon the defendants’ alleged interference with the 2017 valuation of Tinder performed by two investment banks pursuant to the parties’ contracts. The court also declined to grant summary judgment on the defendants’ equitable defense that plaintiff Sean Rad ratified the 2017 valuation by exercising his options based upon the banks’ valuation of Tinder.
A jury trial in the New York lawsuit commenced on November 8, 2021.On December 1, 2021, the parties executedand presented to the court a binding settlement term sheet, pursuant to which Match Group would pay the sum of $441 million to the plaintiffs and the claimants in the California arbitration in full settlement of all claims against all defendants and respondents, including IAC, in those proceedings and in exchange for appropriate releases; the court approved the term sheet and discharged the jury. The settlement does not obligate IAC to make any payment.The parties currently are negotiating the terms of a definitive settlement agreement as called for by the term sheet.

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Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement related to the MTCH Separation (both as defined in Item 7-Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- MTCH Separation), Match Group has agreed to indemnify the Company for matters relating to any business of Match Group, including indemnifying the Company for costs related to the matter described above.
Shareholder Litigation Arising OutDotdash Meredith
Overview
Our Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its Digital and Print businesses. Through these businesses, we are one of the MTCH Separationlargest digital and print publishers in America, with a portfolio of publishing brands that collectively provide inspiring, informative, entertaining and empowering content to millions of consumers each month.
These Digital and Print businesses engage consumers across multiple media platforms and formats, as well as through licensing arrangements and magazines. Dotdash Meredith's portfolio of publishing brands (by vertical, brand and format) is as follows:
On June 24, 2020,Entertainment: PEOPLE (digital and print), Entertainment Weekly (digital) and People en Español (digital);
Lifestyle: allrecipes (digital and print), Better Homes & Gardens (digital and print), Southern Living (digital and print), TRAVEL + LEISURE (digital and print), FOOD & WINE (digital and print), REAL SIMPLE (digital and print), InStyle (digital), EatingWell (digital), The Spruce (digital), Simply Recipes (digital), The Spruce Eats (digital), Martha Stewart (digital), Serious Eats (digital), Lifewire (digital), MAGNOLIA JOURNAL (print), Byrdie (digital), Liquor.com (digital), Shape (digital), The Spruce Pets (digital), ThoughtCo (digital), Midwest Living (digital and print), Brides (digital), Daily Paws (digital), The Spruce Crafts (digital), TripSavvy (digital), Treehugger (digital), Life.com (digital), MyDomaine (digital), CookingLight (print), COASTAL LIVING (digital and print), Hello Giggles (digital), Successful Farming (digital and print), American Patchwork & Quilting (digital and print), WOOD (digital and print) and TRADITIONAL HOME (print); and

Health & Finance (all digital): Verywell Health, Investopedia, Health, Parents, Verywell Mind, Verywell Fit, Verywell Family and The Balance.
Digital
The Digital business delivers digital content through a shareholder class actionportfolio of brands that have leadership in those subject areas that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences (including entertainment, food, home, beauty, travel, health, family, luxury and derivative lawsuit was filedfashion). The Digital business provides original and engaging digital content in Delaware state court against then IAC/InterActiveCorp (now Match Group, Inc.), then IAC Holdings, Inc. (now IAC/InterActiveCorp), IAC's Chairmana variety of formats, including articles, illustrations, videos and Senior Executive, Barry Diller, former Match Group (asimages, working with hundreds of experts in their respective fields (including doctors, chefs and certified financial advisors, among others) to create and produce thousands of pieces of original content that we publish across our portfolio of brands on a nominal defendant only),monthly basis.
Through the Digital business, we offer a variety of digital advertising products and services, from traditional digital display advertisements and performance marketing arrangements to new advertising products and services developed in response to evolving digital advertising trends, such as D/Cipher. Our D/Cipher product allows advertisers to target users based on intent. For example, when users visit one of Dotdash Meredith’s digital brands, D/Cipher predicts what advertising marketing segments are relevant to the ten membersreader, based on their intent, in real time. D/Cipher reaches users on all devices, including Apple (iOS) audiences and can be accessed through premium and programmatic ad channels.
Print
Through the Print business, we are a leading magazine publisher in the United States. The Print business published 17 magazines as of former Match Group's board of directors atDecember 31, 2023, as well as more than 400 special interest publications during the timeyear ended December 31, 2023.
Print editorial teams create premium content covering subjects that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences in a format that it believes consumers enjoy for its convenience and thoughtful editorial curation. The majority of the MTCH Separation, challenging,publishing brands and content within the Print business (for example, PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens and Southern Living) is focused on behalf of a putative class of then Match Group public shareholders, the agreed-upon terms of the MTCH Separation. SeeDavid Newman v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al.,No. 2020-0505 (Delaware Chancery Court). The gravamen of the complaint is that the terms of the MTCH Separation are unfairinterests related to former Match Groupwomen and unduly beneficial to IAC as a result of undue influence by IAC and Mr. Diller over the then Match Group directors who unanimously approved the transaction. The complaint asserted direct and derivative claims for: (i) breach of fiduciary duty against IAC and Mr. Diller as former controlling shareholders of Match Group, (ii) breach of fiduciary duty against the Match Group directors who unanimously approved the MTCH Separation, (iii) breach of contract (i.e., a provision of former Match Group's charter), (iv) breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and (v) tortious interference with contract against IAC. The complaint sought various declarations and damages in an unspecified amount.
On September 24, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint. On January 8, 2021, instead of responding to the motions to dismiss, the plaintiff, joined by another plaintiff, Boilermakers National Annuity Trust, filed an amended complaint.lifestyle. In addition, special interest publications provide in-depth information, education and entertainment on January 7, 2021, another complaint challenging the MTCH Separation was filed against substantially the same defendants in the same court. See Construction Industry & Laborers Joint Pension Trust for Southern Nevada Plan A v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al. (Delaware Chancery Court)single topics and trends that Dotdash Meredith believes are timely and relevant to consumer audiences (including food, home, entertainment, and health and wellness). The two casesMost special interest publications have been consolidated under the caption In re Match Group, Inc. Derivative Litigation,No. 2020-0505. On March 15, 2021, the court issued an order appointing Construction Industrya high ratio of editorial to advertising content and Laborers Joint Pension Trust for Southern Nevada Plan A as lead plaintiff in the litigation and directing itare premium priced (for consumers) relative to file a consolidated complaint by April 14, 2021, and on that date the lead plaintiff filed the consolidated complaint.
On June 22, 2021, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint. On September 3, 2021, instead of responding to the motions, the plaintiffs filed motions to add City of Hallandale Beach Police Officers’ and Firefighters’ Personnel Retirement Trust as a co-lead plaintiff and to amend and supplement the consolidated complaint, which latter motion the defendants opposed. On October 27, 2021, the court issued an order granting the motions. On November 2, 2021, the plaintiffs filed an amended and supplemented consolidated complaint.
On December 10, 2021, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended and supplemented consolidated complaint.On January 25, 2022, the plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motions, which remain pending. On February 24, 2022, the defendants filed reply briefs in support of the motions, which are scheduled for oral argument on May 4, 2022.
IAC believes that the allegations in this litigation are without merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.subscription titles (see below).

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The Print business distributes print magazines on a subscription basis (both direct and via agency partners) and through newsstands, with the majority of distribution occurring on a subscription basis. The Print business had approximately 16 million active subscriptions as of December 31, 2023. The majority of Dotdash Meredith subscription publications are issued between four and twelve times annually, with PEOPLE issued weekly. Single copies of subscription and special interest publications are sold through newsstands.
Revenue
Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand and performance marketing revenue.
Digital. Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital display advertisements sold directly by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith brands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Affinity marketing programs partner with third parties to market and place magazine subscriptions online for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publisher titles where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent. Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of content licensing agreements.
Print. Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith magazine subscriptions. Print advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeting advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Newsstand revenue is related to single copy print magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Performance marketing principally consists of affinity marketing revenue, in connection with which Dotdash Meredith partners with traditional customer facing channels (such as brick and mortar retailers and call centers) to place print magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers.
Marketing
The Digital business markets its digital content through a full suite of digital distribution channels, as well as via direct navigation to its various branded websites. The Print business markets its content through a variety of channels, includingdirect mail, search engines, social media, email, websites, affiliate links and third-party partnerships. Dotdash Meredith prefers a subscription-focused distribution approach for print publications because of its belief that this approach fosters long-term, direct relationships with consumers and creates greater monetization opportunities.
Competition
The Digital business is characterized by ever evolving technology, frequent product evolution and changing preferences of consumers, advertisers and marketers. Digital media is intensely competitive, particularly for consumer attention (both attracting and retaining), driving traffic to various Dotdash Meredith Digital brands through search engines (and the display of information from such brands and links to websites offering Dotdash Meredith content within search engine results) and spending from advertisers and marketers. In the case of the Digital business, competitors primarily include diversified multi-platform media companies, other online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories, news aggregators, search engines and social media platforms. Some of these competitors may have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger user bases and/or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than Dotdash Meredith does. As a result, these competitors may have the ability to devote comparatively greater resources to the development and promotion of their digital content, which could result in greater market acceptance of their digital content relative to Dotdash Meredith digital content.
Print publishing is a highly competitive business. Dotdash Meredith Print magazines and related publishing products and services compete primarily with other print magazine publishers, as well as other mass media (online and offline) and many other leisure-time activities. While competition is strong for established print magazine brands, gaining readership for new print magazines and special interest publications is especially competitive.

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We believe that the ability of the Digital and Print businesses to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability to maintain and grow their large reach to American consumers across existing, as well as new and emerging, platforms;
the quality of the content and editorial features in digital content, print magazines and special interest publications;
the ability to continue to maintain and build recognized expertise and authority in the vertical subject areas that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences, and to continue to create content and experiences that are useful, relevant and entertaining to consumer audiences and reflect their evolving preferences;
the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Digital publishing brands through search engines, including the ability to ensure that information from such brands and related links are displayed prominently in search engine results, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
the ability to continue to build and maintain brand recognition, trust and loyalty across the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands;
the performance and visibility of the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands (primarily across digital platforms) relative to those of its competitors;
the ability to continue to grow and diversify monetization solutions, including advertising, e-commerce and affiliate relationships, performance marketing and other solutions;
the ability to leverage existing proprietary platforms and data to provide consumer audiences with performant and relevant sites and experiences that are respectful (with targeted, limited ads) and privacy and search engine policy compliant;
the ability to maintain and grow relationships with advertisers, which will depend on:
the rates charged for Digital and Print advertising;
the breadth of demographic reach in terms of traffic to our Digital brands and subscriptions and readership in terms of our Print publications;
the ability to consistently provide advertisers and marketers across the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of digital brands and our Print publications with a compelling return on their investments;
in the case of the Digital business only, the continued ability to target audiences (including based on intent, among other ways), including through the continued development of new (and the enhancement of existing) digital advertising products and services in response to evolving digital advertising trends; and
in the case of the Print business only, the circulation levels of print magazines and the profit derived from such circulation;
the ability to grow e-commerce related content and experiences and leverage the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands and expertise to result in purchases and transactions and to continue to maintain good relationships with third parties upon which we depend in connection these efforts; and
in the case of the Print business only:
the ability to retain existing subscribers and successfully drive new subscribers to print magazines in a cost-effective manner;
the ability to maintain print advertising rate cards and the number of pages sold by brand and issue;
the prices charged for print magazines; and
the ability to provide quality customer service to advertisers, marketers and subscribers.

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Angi Inc.

Overview
PART II
Item 5.    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
IAC common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbol “IAC.” There is no established public trading market for IAC Class B common stock.
As of February 11, 2022, there were approximately 900 holders of record of IAC common stock and four holders of record of IAC Class B common stock. Because the substantial majority of the outstanding shares of IAC common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, IAC is not able to estimate the total number of beneficial holders represented by these record holders.
Dividends
We do not currently expect that any cash or other dividends will be paid to holders of IAC common stock or IAC Class B common stock in the near future. Any future cash dividend or other dividend declarations are subject to the determination of IAC’s Board of Directors.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not issue or sell any shares of its common stock or other equity securities pursuant to unregistered transactions.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not purchase any shares of IAC common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2021. As of that date, 8,036,226 shares of IAC common stock remained available for repurchase under our previously announced June 2020 repurchase authorization. We may repurchase shares pursuant to this repurchase authorization over an indefinite period of time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, depending on those factors IAC management deems relevant at any particular time, including, without limitation, market conditions, share price and future outlook.
Item 6.    Reserved


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Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Acquisition of Meredith:
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash MediaAngi Inc. (formerly known as AboutANGI Homeservices Inc., "Dotdash"), a wholly owned subsidiary of IAC/InterActiveCorp ("IAC"), completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"), which holds Meredith Corporation's national media business, which is comprised of its digital and magazine businesses, and its corporate operations. The parent of the combined entity is Dotdash Meredith, Inc. ("Dotdash Meredith").
Vimeo Spin-off:
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the spin-off of its full stake in Vimeo to IAC shareholders (which we refer to as the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off, Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within IAC's financial statements for all periods prior to May 25, 2021.
MTCH Separation:
On December 19, 2019, IAC/InterActiveCorp ("Old IAC") entered into a Transaction Agreement (as amended, the "Transaction Agreement") with Match Group, Inc. ("Old MTCH"), IAC Holdings, Inc. ("New IAC" or the "Company"), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Old IAC, and Valentine Merger Sub LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Old IAC. On June 30, 2020, the businesses of Old MTCH were separated from the remaining businesses of Old IAC through a series of transactions that resulted in the pre-transaction stockholders of Old IAC owning shares in two, separate public companies—(1) Old IAC, which was renamed Match Group, Inc. ("New Match") and which owns the businesses of Old MTCH and certain Old IAC financing subsidiaries, and (2) New IAC, which was renamed IAC/InterActiveCorp, and which owns Old IAC's other businesses—and the pre-transaction stockholders of Old MTCH (other than Old IAC) owning shares in New Match. This transaction is referred to as the "MTCH Separation."
Defined Terms and Operating Metrics:
Unless otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, certain terms used in this annual report, which include the principal operating metrics we use in managing our business, are defined below:
Reportable Segments (for additional information see "Note 13—Segment Information" to the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"):
DotdashMeredith - one of the largest digital and print publisher in America. From mobile to magazines, nearly 200 million people trust us to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, Allrecipes, Byrdie, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living.
Angi Inc. - a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi Inc. platforms. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one of Angi Inc.'s businesses to find a service professional for approximately 23 million projects during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.5%84.2% and 98.2%98.1%, respectively.
Following the sale of Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing") on November 1, 2023, our Angi Inc. segment has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (Europe and Canada), with the various businesses within those segments operating under multiple brands and the historical results of Roofing reflected in our Emerging & Other segment.
In the United States, through several differentiated experiences, Angi Inc. provides consumers with resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals, matches consumers with independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services and provides consumers with tools to communicate with service professionals and pay for related services. These experiences primarily include: (i) an Ads and Leads experience, where service professionals pay for connections to consumers, and (ii) a Services experience, where consumers make payment through Angi Inc. for a specific job and Angi Inc. assigns that job to a service professional who completes it and receives a portion of the job fee.
Ads and Leads
Overview. This business connects consumers with service professionals for local home services through a nationwide network of service professionals across more than 500 service categories, as well as provides consumers with valuable tools, services (including the ability to book appointments online) and content (including verified reviews of local home service professionals), to help them research, shop and hire for local home services. Consumers can access the nationwide network and related basic tools and services free of charge upon registration, as well as by way of purchased membership packages. This business also sells term-based website, mobile and magazine advertising, as well as provides quoting, invoicing and payment services.
Consumer Services. Consumers can search for a service professional in the nationwide network and/or be matched with a service professional through Angi Inc.'s digital marketplace and certain third-party affiliate platforms. Consumers also have access to related basic tools and services, including ratings, reviews and certain promotions. This includes access to Angi Inc.'s online True Cost Guide, which provides project cost information for more than 400 project types nationwide, and a library of home services-related content consisting primarily of articles about home improvement, repair and maintenance, tools to assist consumers with the research, planning and management of their projects and general advice for working with service professionals.
Matches are made by way of Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm, based on several factors (including the type of services desired, location and the number of service professionals available to fulfill a given request). Depending on the nature of the service request and the path through which it was submitted, consumers are generally matched with a combination of Ads, Leads and Services service professionals.In all cases, service professionals may contact consumers with whom they have been matched directly and consumers can generally review profiles, ratings and reviews of presented service professionals and select the service professional whom they believe best meets their specific needs. Consumers are under no obligation to work with any service professional referred by or found through any Angi Inc. branded or third-party affiliate platforms. Consumers are responsible for booking the service and paying the service professional directly, which can be done by consumers independently.
Consumers can rate service professionals on a one- to five- star rating scale based on a variety of criteria, including overall experience, availability, price, quality, responsiveness, punctuality, professionalism and other criteria, depending on the type of service provided. Ratings on each applicable criterion are weighted across all reviews submitted for the service professional to produce such professional’s overall rating. Consumers can also provide a detailed description of their experiences with service providers. Ratings and reviews cannot be submitted anonymously and there are processes in place to prevent service professionals from reporting on themselves or their competitors, as well as to detect fraudulent or otherwise problematic reviews.


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Service Professional Services. This business also sells term-based website, mobile and magazine advertising to certified service professionals, as well as provides them with a variety of services and tools, including quoting, invoicing and payment services. In order to become a certified service professional in the Angi network, service professionals must satisfy certain criteria. Generally, service professionals with an average consumer rating below a “3” are not eligible for certification. In addition to retaining the requisite member rating, service professionals must validate their home services experience and the owners or principals of businesses affiliated with service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks and attest to applicable state and local licensure requirements. Once eligibility criteria have been satisfied, service professionals can purchase term-based advertising and/or be matched with consumers. If a certified service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria, refuses to participate in Angi Inc.'s complaint resolution process and/or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any Angi Inc. platform, existing advertising and exclusive promotions will be suspended and the related advertising contact may be terminated.
Certified service professionals are sorted preferentially in search results for an applicable category (together with their company name, overall rating, number of reviews, certification badge and basic profile information), with non-certified service professionals appearing below certified service professionals in search results. Certified service professionals can also provide exclusive promotions to members. When consumers choose to be matched with a service professional, Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm determines where a given service professional appears within related results.
Service professionals pay fees for consumer matches, at their election, and subscription fees for Leads memberships, which are available for purchase through Angi Inc.'s sales force. The basic annual membership package includes membership in the digital marketplace, as well as access to consumer matches (for which additional fees are generally paid) and a listing in the nationwide network and certain other affiliated directories, among other benefits. In addition to complying with commercial membership terms, once a member of the digital marketplace, service professionals must maintain the requisite customer rating (at least three stars). And if a service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria during the membership term, refuses to participate in Angi Inc.'s complaint resolution process or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any Angi Inc. platforms, the service professional may be removed from Angi Inc. platforms.
Services
Overview.Through the Services business, Angi Inc. provides a pre-priced offering, pursuant to which consumers can request services through Angi and Handy branded platforms and pay for such services on the applicable platform directly. When consumers request household services directly through Services platforms, requests are fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services.
Consumer Services. Consumers can submit requests for work to be done on Angi and Handy branded platforms and referrals will be made based on the type of service desired, location and the date and time the consumer wants the service to be provided. In addition, consumers who purchase furniture, electronics, appliances and other home-related items from select third-party retail partners online (and in certain markets, in store) can simultaneously purchase assembly, installation and other related services to be fulfilled by a Services service professional, which services are then paid for by the consumer directly through the applicable third-party retail partner platform.
Service Professional Services. Services service professionals are provided with access to a pool of consumers seeking service professionals and must validate their home services experience, as well as attest to holding the requisite license(s) and maintain an acceptable rating to remain on Services platforms. In addition, owners or principals of businesses affiliated with Services service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks. Access to Services platforms will be revoked for service professionals that repeatedly receive low customer satisfaction ratings.
International (Europe and Canada)
Through the International (Europe and Canada) segment, Angi Inc. also operates several international businesses that connect consumers with home service professionals, including: (i) Travaux, MyHammer and Werkspot, leading home services marketplaces in France, Germany and the Netherlands, respectively, (ii) MyBuilder, one of the leading home services marketplaces in the United Kingdom, (iii) the Austrian operations of MyHammer, (iv) the Italian operations of Werkspot and (v) Homestars, a leading home services marketplace in Canada. Angi Inc. owns controlling interests in Travaux, MyHammer, Werkspot and MyBuilder and wholly owns Homestars. The business models of the international businesses vary by jurisdiction and differ in certain respects from the business models of Angi Inc.’s various domestic businesses.

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Revenue
Ads and Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue, which comprises fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service), revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services.Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered and geographic location of service. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. connects them with a service professional to perform the service. International revenue primarily reflects consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Marketing
Angi Inc. markets its various products and services to consumers primarily through digital marketing (primarily paid and free search engine marketing, display advertising and third-party affiliate agreements), as well as through traditional offline marketing (national television and radio campaigns) and email. Pursuant to third-party affiliate agreements, third parties agree to advertise and promote Angi Inc.’s various products and services (and those of its various service professionals) on their platforms. In exchange for these efforts, these third parties are paid a fixed fee when visitors from their platforms click through and submit a valid service request through Angi Inc. platforms or when visitors submit a valid service request on the affiliate platform and the affiliate transmits the service request to Angi Inc. Angi Inc. also markets its various products and services to consumers through relationships with select third-party retail partners and, to a lesser extent, through partnerships with other contextually related websites and direct mail.
Angi Inc. markets term-based advertising and related products, as well as matching services and digital marketplace membership subscriptions, to service professionals primarily through its sales force. These products and services are also marketed, together with pre-priced offerings and various directories, through paid search engine marketing, digital media advertising and direct relationships with trade associations and manufacturers.
Angi Inc. has made (and we expect that it will continue to make) substantial investments in digital and traditional offline marketing to consumers and service professionals to promote its various products and services and drive visitors to Angi Inc. platforms and service professionals.
Competition
The home services industry is highly competitive and fragmented, and in many important respects, local in nature. In the case of Angi Inc., competitors primarily include: (i) search engines and online directories, (ii) home and/or local services-related platforms, (iii) providers of consumer ratings, reviews and referrals and (iv) various forms of traditional offline advertising (primarily local in nature), including radio, direct marketing campaigns, yellow pages, newspapers and other offline directories. These businesses also compete with local and national retailers of home improvement products that offer or promote installation services. We believe Angi Inc.’s biggest competition comes from the traditional methods most people currently use to find service professionals, which are by word-of-mouth and through referrals.
We believe that the ability of Angi Inc. to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability to continue to successfully build and maintain awareness of, and trust and loyalty to, the Angi brand;
Searchthe functionality of Angi Inc. websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features and Angi Inc. products and services generally to consumers and service professionals, as well as the continued ability to introduce new products and services that resonate with consumers and service professionals generally;
-the ability to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally;
the size, quality, diversity and stability of the network of service professionals and the breadth of online directory listings;
the ability to consistently generate service requests and pre-priced bookings through Angi Inc. platforms that convert into revenue for service professionals in a cost-effective manner;

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the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Angi Inc. brands and platforms through search engines, including the ability to ensure that information from such brands and platforms and related links are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
the ability to increasingly engage with consumers directly through Angi Inc. platforms, including various mobile applications (rather than through search engine marketing or via free search engine referrals); and
the quality and consistency of service professional pre-screening processes and ongoing quality control efforts, as well as the reliability, depth and timeliness of customer ratings and reviews.
Search
Overview
Our Search segment consists of Ask Media Group,, a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and a Desktop business, which includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.
Products, Services and Content
Through Ask Media Group, we provide search services that generally involve the generation and display on a search results page of a set of hyperlinks to web pages deemed relevant to search queries entered by users. In addition to these algorithmic search results, paid listings are also generally displayed in response to search queries. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to an advertiser’s website. Paid listings are generally displayed based on keywords selected by the advertiser and relevancy to the search query. Through certain of Ask Media Group’s various websites, digital content in a variety of formats, primarily articles with images and/or illustrations, as well as more in-depth presentations, is also provided in addition to general search services. Display advertisements and/or native advertising (advertising that matches the look, feel and function of the content alongside which it appears) generally appear alongside digital content.
The Desktop business primarily owns and/or operates a portfolio of legacy (meaning they are no longer actively marketed and distributed to new users) consumer desktop browser applications and websites, as well as certain actively marketed business-to-business partnership operations, that provide users with access to a wide variety of online content, tools and services, including new tab search services and the option of default browser search services.
Revenue
Ask Media Group revenue consists principally of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. Ask Media Group recognizes paid listing revenue when it delivers the user's click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business, Operations and Ownership — Certain of our businesses depend upon arrangements with Google.

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks.Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.
Revenue from our Desktop business largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements.
Marketing
Ask Media Group’s various properties are marketed primarily through the acquisition of traffic from major search engines and their syndication networks, which involves the purchase of keyword-based sponsored listings that link to search results pages of Ask Media Group properties, and other types of display media (primarily banner advertisements).
Ask Media Group content is also marketed through a variety of digital distribution channels, including search engines, social media platforms, display advertising networks and native advertising networks, as well as a number of advertising agencies that acquire traffic via these channels for certain Ask Media Group properties.
Certain search powered desktop applications are marketed to users through the relevant business-to-business partnership.
Competition
In the case of general search services, Ask Media Group’s competitors include major search engines and other destination search websites and search-centric portals that engage in marketing efforts similar to those of Ask Media Group. In the case of content, Ask Media Group’s competitors primarily include online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories and social channels. We believe that Ask Media Group’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon:
the continued ability to monetize search traffic via paid search listings;
the continued ability to market Ask Media Group search websites in a cost-effective manner, which depends, in part, on the ability to continue to obtain quality traffic from valid sources (from real users with genuine interest) in a cost- effective manner;
the relevance and authority of search results, answers and other content displayed on Ask Media Group various properties;
the continued ability to differentiate Ask Media Group search websites (which depends primarily upon its continued ability to deliver quality, authoritative and trustworthy content to users), as well as the ability to attract advertisers to these websites;
the ability to successfully create or acquire content (or the rights thereto) for marketing purposes in a cost-effective manner; and
the ability to monetize content pages with display and other forms of digital advertising.
Emerging & Other
Overview - consists of:
Emerging & Other primarily includes:
Care.com,, a leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for a wide variety of caregivers to easily connect with families. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises, and HomePay. Care.com acquired Lifecare, a leading provider of familyfamilies seeking care benefits, on October 27, 2020;services;


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through the completion of the sale of its assets for approximately $160 million on February 15, 2024, Mosaic Group,, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group hasapplications;

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Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities;
IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States and internationally; and
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors.
Care.com
Overview. ThroughCare.com, we are a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com features a portfolio of products and services spanning the entire care journey, including guidance for care options, a marketplace for searching for and connecting with in-home caregivers for a wide range of care options (such as nannies for children or companions for seniors), a directory of out-of-home care options, a Safety Center, care management features and access to care-related content and resources.
Services. Care.com primarily provides online consumer matching and, in some cases, consumer payment solutions for families searching for care and enterprise solutions (Care For Business) for employers seeking to provide care-related benefits to their employees.
Consumer matching solutions. Through free and paid memberships to consumer matching services, Care.com offers a variety of resources designed to help families match with the best care solutions. A free basic membership provides families with the ability to set up an account, post a job, search and review caregiver profiles and receive applications from background-checked caregivers. To engage with caregivers, families must generally upgrade to a paid premium membership, which includes all basic membership features, plus the ability to contact caregivers to schedule interviews, purchase additional background checks, reply to applications and messages from caregivers and access certain promotions and discounts. In addition, where available, families can book caregivers for certain care services directly through the platform for a fee and make electronic payments to caregivers through a related payment solution.
Through consumer matching services, families can match with caregivers (in-home and out-of-home) who meet their diverse and evolving care needs (full-time, part-time, long-term, short-term and occasional at irregular intervals). Matching is facilitated by algorithms designed to highlight relevant caregivers (based on certain job requirements and caregiver activity patterns). In-home caregivers create and post detailed Care.com profiles that may include photos, bios, work histories and reviews, the type of care they primarily provide, their experience, certifications and qualifications, and their availability, hourly rate and payment details, among other information. Before caregivers with Care.com profiles can communicate directly with families seeking care, they must complete a CareCheck background check (conducted by a third-party consumer reporting agency). Care.com also offers families and caregivers the ability to purchase multiple levels of additional background check options through a third-party consumer reporting agency. While Care.com strongly believes that CareCheck and the additional background checks are good safety measures, they have limitations and cannot guarantee the future behavior of any caregiver using Care.com.
Care.com also maintains a Safety Center that provides resources and information designed to help families and caregivers make safer and more informed hiring and job selection decisions, including recommendations for screening, interviewing and ongoing monitoring of caregivers, as well as recommendations to caregivers for avoiding scams. Care.com also encourages members to contact Care.com if they believe another member or caregiver may have violated Care.com's community guidelines.
Out-of-home care-related businesses (such as daycare centers, senior care facilities, tutoring companies, camps and activities) can also market their services through Care.com.

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Consumer tax and payment solutions. Through Care.com, we also offer our HomePay service, a leading payroll and tax product for families who employ nannies, housekeepers or other domestic employees. HomePay is a technology-based, turnkey service that includes automated payroll processing, as well as household employer-related tax filings at the federal, state and local levels for families who are required to treat their caregivers as household employees and such caregivers' wages exceed the annual reportable threshold amount that would require them to make tax filings. Facilitating household employer-related tax filings helps to ensure that families are able to avail themselves of certain tax credits and savings, which can help mitigate care-related costs. Similarly, caregivers who are paid legally can access a variety of benefits, including unemployment insurance and social security benefits (among others). HomePay is available to anyone (not just members of our consumer matching solutions) for a fee.
Enterprise solutions. Care.com also offers Care For Business, a comprehensive suite of care benefits and related services that employers can offer as an employee benefit. Currently, employers can choose from a number of services, including:
consumer matching solutions;
back-up care services (in-home and in-center) for employees who need alternative care arrangements for their child or senior when their regular caregiver is not available (for example, due to a school closure or caregiver illness);
access to consultation and referral services to support a wide array of work-life challenges faced by employees, such as senior care planning services to help employees find the most suitable care option for aging family members, access to mental health experts and resources, tutoring and college prep assistance, lactation support, relocation services and financial guidance and legal services (among other services); and
access to proprietary, members-only discounts on certain nationally recognized brand-name products and services.
Employers generally pay for enterprise solutions on a per employee per year basis and have access to features that allow them to manage employee access and track aggregate usage. Depending on the suite of services selected and employer preferences, employers may subsidize all, a portion or none of the largestcost of these solutions for employees. Additionally, employers may add services during the term of their contract on an as needed basis to enhance the support they provide to their employees.
Revenue. Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with employers who provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform.
Marketing. Care.com markets its various products and services to families and caregivers through a diverse mix of free and paid offline and online marketing, as well as its sales team. Care.com believes that most popular applications infamilies and caregivers currently find Care.com through unpaid marketing channels (primarily through word-of-mouth, referrals and online communities and forums), as well as through search engine marketing (free and paid) and repeat users. Paid direct marketing efforts include offline channels, such as network and cable TV, OTT channels and direct mail, as well as through paid search engine marketing, display advertising, third-party affiliate agreements and select paid job board sites. In addition, Care.com markets its employee-benefit product offerings directly to enterprises through its sales team.
Competition. In the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall), Language (iTranslate, Grammatica), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero), Health (Daily Burn, Window - Intermittent Fasting) and Lifestylecase (of consumer matching solutions, Care.com primarily competes with traditional offline consumer resources for finding caregivers, as well as online job boards and other online care marketplaces, as well as online care-related platforms in vertical categories. We believe Care.com’s biggest competition comes from the traditional offline methods through which most families find caregivers, which are through word-of-mouth, personal referrals and online communities and forums. In the case of BlossomHomePay, Care.com primarily competes with similar products offered by providers of online and offline payroll services. Care.com also competes for a share of the overall recruiting and advertising budgets of care-related businesses with traditional, offline media companies and other online marketing providers. In the case of PixomaticCare For Business, Care.com primarily competes with other providers of employer-sponsored care services and employee benefit products, particularly those that provide back-up child and senior care services.
We believe that Care.com’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the size, quality, diversity and stability of the families and caregivers on the Care.com platform;

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the functionality and reliability of Care.com websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features (and Care.com’s various products and services) generally to families and caregivers;
the ability to increase the frequency of family and caregiver use of Care.com products and services generally;
the continued ability to innovate and introduce new products and services that resonate with families and caregivers;
the quality, completeness and consistency of caregiver profiles and job postings, as well the reliability of background check and other safety measures and the trustworthiness and reliability of caregivers;
the ability to continue to build and maintain awareness of, and trust in and loyalty to, the Care.com brand;
the ability to continue to expand the enterprise solutions business;
the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Care.com through search engines, including the ability to ensure that links to Care.com platforms are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology; and
the ability to continue to expand Care.com businesses in jurisdictions outside of the United States.
Intellectual Property
We rely heavily upon our trademarks, service marks and related domain names and logos to market our brands and to build and maintain brand loyalty and recognition, as well as upon trade secrets, and regard this intellectual property as critical to our success. We also rely, to a lesser extent upon patented and patent-pending proprietary technologies with expiration dates ranging from May 2024 to December 2038.
We have generally registered and continue to apply to register and renew (or secure by contract where appropriate) trademarks and service marks as they are developed and used, and reserve, register and renew domain names as we deem appropriate. We also generally seek to apply for patents or for other similar statutory protections (as and if we deem appropriate) based on then current facts and circumstances and intend to continue to do so in the future.
In addition, in the case of our Digital and Print publishing brands, to build and maintain these brands, we rely heavily on copyright protections for original content that we produce and publish.
We rely on a combination of internal and external controls, including applicable laws, rules and regulations and restrictions with employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others, as well as legal action, to establish, protect and otherwise control our various intellectual property rights.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a variety of domestic and foreign laws and regulations in the U.S. and various jurisdictions abroad involving matters that are important to (or may otherwise impact) our various businesses, such as (among others) broadband internet access, online commerce, privacy and data security, advertising, intermediary liability, consumer protection, taxation, worker classification and securities compliance. These domestic and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are continually evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations (and any amended, proposed or new laws and regulations) are often uncertain, particularly in the Internet industry, and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and over time, which could result in conflicts with our current policies and practices and those of our various businesses.
Because we conduct substantially all of our business on the Internet, we are particularly sensitive to laws and regulations that could adversely impact the popularity or growth in use of the Internet and/or online products and services generally, restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact whether or how we may provide our products and services, regulate the practices of third parties upon which we rely to provide our products and services and/or undermine an open and neutrally administered Internet access.

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For example, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (“Section 230”);, which generally provides immunity for website publishers from liability for third-party content appearing on their platforms and the good faith removal of third-party content from their platforms that they may deem obscene or offensive (even if constitutionally protected speech), since its adoption has been (and continues to be) subject to challenges. The immunities conferred by Section 230 could also be narrowed or eliminated through amendment, regulatory action, judicial interpretation or legislative efforts. Any future adverse changes to Section 230 could result in additional compliance costs for us and/or exposure to additional liabilities. In addition, the European Union’s Digital Services Act, which was fully implemented in February 2024, enhances the moderation obligations and potential liabilities of digital platforms. Further, in late 2023, the United Kingdom enacted the Online Safety Bill, which significantly increased responsibilities of online platforms to control illegal or harmful activity and granted broad authority to the communications regulator in the United Kingdom to enforce its provisions.
Because we receive, store and use a substantial amount of information received from or generated by our users and subscribers, we are also impacted by laws and regulations governing privacy, the collection, storage, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal data and data security. Examples of comprehensive regulatory initiatives in the area of privacy and data security include a comprehensive European Union privacy and data protection reform, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR, which applies to certain companies that are organized in the European Union or otherwise provide services to (or monitor) consumers who reside in the European Union, imposes significant penalties (monetary and otherwise) for non-compliance, as well as provides a private right of action for individual claimants. The GDPR will continue to be interpreted by European Union data protection regulators, which may require us to make changes to our business practices and could generate additional risks and liabilities. In addition, enforcement actions brought by data protection regulators in European Union member states continue to rise.
In addition, in July 2023, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Switzerland established certain frameworks to facilitate the transfer of personal data by way of new mechanisms to the U.S. While these frameworks are consistent with applicable local laws, rules and regulations, they and other frameworks for cross-border data transfers continue to face legal challenges.As privacy regulation generally and related legal challenges continue to evolve, we may need to devote more resources towards compliance and/or make changes to our business practices to ensure compliance, which could be costly.
Moreover, while multiple legislative proposals concerning privacy and the protection of user information are being considered at the federal and state level in the U.S., certain U.S. state legislatures have already enacted privacy legislation, one of the strictest and most comprehensive of which is the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which became effective on January 1, 2020 (the “CCPA”). The CCPA provides data privacy rights for California consumers and restricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products, services and operations. The CCPA also provides consumers with a private right of action for security breaches, as well as provides for statutory damages. In addition, in November 2020, California voters approved Proposition 24 (the “California Privacy Rights Act of 2020”), which amended certain provisions of the CCPA and became fully enforceable on July 1, 2023. The California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 further restricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products and services and/or could impose additional operational requirements on such businesses. Many other U.S. states have passed comprehensive privacy legislation that became effective in 2023 or is expected to become effective in 2024, all of which are similar to the CCPA, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020.
As privacy regulation and related legal challenges continue to evolve, we may need to devote increased resources in connection with compliance efforts generally and/or make changes to our business practices, which could be costly. Furthermore, privacy litigation claims related to the sharing of personal information with third parties in connection with advertising efforts are becoming increasingly prevalent and could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") continues to increase its focus on privacy, data sharing and data security practices and we anticipate this focus to continue. If so, we could be subject to various private and governmental claims and actions in this area. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — General Risk Factors — The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.

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As a provider of certain subscription-based products and services, we are also impacted by laws or regulations affecting whether and how our businesses may periodically charge users for membership or subscription renewals. For example, the FTC is currently in the process of amending its Pre-Notification Negative Option Rule to impose additional requirements on the marketing and sale of subscription-based products and services, including double opt-ins for subscription sign-ups, clear and conspicuous disclosure of material subscription terms, a simple cancellation method and an annual renewal reminder. If enacted, the proposed rule may require changes to the manner in which our businesses market subscription-based products and services. Compliance with the proposed rule could be costly and related changes to our platforms and marketing efforts could adversely affect consumer conversion and renewal rates. The proposed rule also expands the ability of the FTC to seek civil penalties and consumer redress for violations. In addition, the European Union Payment Services Directive, which became effective in 2018, could impact the ability of certain of our businesses to efficiently process auto-renewal payments for, as well as offer promotional or differentiated pricing to, users who reside in the European Union. Similar laws exist in the U.S., including the federal Restore Online Shoppers Confidence Act and various U.S. state laws, and legislative and regulatory enactments or amendments are under consideration in a number of U.S. states. The adoption of the proposed rule and/or any other law that adversely affects revenue from subscription-based products and services and/or the manner in which we market and sell such products and services could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in the case of our Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com businesses.
We are also subject to laws, rules and regulations governing the marketing and advertising activities of our various businesses conducted by or through telephone, email, mobile digital devices and the Internet, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the "TCPA"), the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM act and similar state laws, rules and regulations, as well as local laws, rules and regulations and relevant agency guidelines governing background screening.
With respect to the TCPA, we are subject to the December 13, 2023 ruling of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), which requires 1:1 prior express written consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message when using automated technology. The result of this rule is that a business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent. Certain of our businesses, primarily Angi Inc., will be required to make changes to products and services and third-party affiliate relationships to ensure compliance and such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals.”
In addition, we also are subject to various other federal, state, and local laws, rules and regulations focused on consumer protection. These laws, rules and regulations are enforced by governmental entities such as the FTC and state Attorneys General offices and may confer private rights of action on consumers as well.Changes in these laws, or a proceeding of this nature, could have an adverse effect on us due to legal costs, impacts on business operations, diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and other factors.
We are also sensitive to the adoption of new tax laws. The European Commission and several European countries have adopted (or intend to adopt) proposals that impact various aspects of the current tax framework under which certain of our European businesses are taxed, including new types of non-income taxes (including digital services taxes in the United Kingdom and Italy, which are based on a percentage of revenue and tied to where consumers are located). Certain of our businesses are subject to digital services taxes in one or more of the jurisdictions listed above and similar proposed tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, certain U.S. states have adopted or are considering the adoption of similar laws applicable to revenue attributable to digital advertising and other forms of digital commerce.
In addition, primarily in the case of certain businesses within our Angi Inc. segment, we are sensitive to the adoption of worker classification laws, specifically, laws that could effectively require us to change the classification of certain service professionals from independent contractors to employees. The Angi Inc. businesses sensitive to these laws continue to monitor such laws to ensure compliance and if they are required to reclassify service professionals from independent contractors to employees and/or the classification of service professionals as independent contractors is challenged for any reason, we could be exposed to various liabilities and additional costs for prior and future periods, including exposure under federal, state and local tax laws, workers’ compensation and unemployment benefits, minimum and overtime wage laws and other labor and employment laws, as well as potential liability for penalties and interest. If the amounts related to such liabilities and additional costs are significant, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 17 — Contingencies."
Lastly, as a company based in the U.S. with foreign offices in various jurisdictions worldwide, we are subject to a variety of foreign laws governing the foreign operations of its various businesses, as well as U.S. laws that restrict trade and certain practices, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

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Human Capital
Overview
IAC’s future success depends upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain a highly skilled and diverse workforce across our various businesses worldwide. While policies and practices related to the identification, hiring, development, motivation and retention of employees vary across IAC and our various businesses, at their core, such policies and practices are generally designed to: (i) increase long-term IAC stockholder value by attracting, retaining, motivating and rewarding employees with the competence, character, experience, diversity of perspective and ambition necessary to enable the Company to meet its growth objectives, (ii) encourage and support the professional development of, and engender loyalty among, employees who have demonstrated the strength, vision and determination necessary to overcome obstacles and unlock their true professional potential by providing them with appropriate opportunities within IAC and our businesses and (iii) help foster a diverse, inclusive and entrepreneurial culture across our various businesses.
In order to achieve these objectives, we believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and otherwise incentivize employees in unique and attractive ways, as well as develop and promote talent from within and remain committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day.
As of December 31, 2023, IAC had nearly 9,500 employees, substantially all of whom were full-time employees and the substantial majority of whom were based in the United States.
Compensation and Benefits
We believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and other benefits to our workforce. While compensation packages vary across IAC and our various businesses, compensation packages generally consist of base salary (plus commissions in the case of sales and other similar positions) and, on a discretionary basis, annual cash bonuses (and in certain cases, equity or equity-based awards).
We also provide comprehensive health, welfare and retirement benefits. Healthcare benefits are significantly subsidized by the Company and the coverage provided reflects our commitment to inclusivity and the physical and mental well-being of all employees.
In the case of welfare benefits, we maintain generous paid time off and paid leave policies across our businesses and offer subsidized backup child and elder care for our employees. We believe in giving back to the causes and charities that are important to our employees and match charitable contributions made by our employees to qualifying charities on a dollar-for-dollar basis, subject to an annual cap per employee. We also encourage our employees to support the communities in which they live and work and provide our employees with paid time off each year to volunteer for charitable and community service projects.
In the case of retirement benefits, in the U.S., we offer our employees a 401(k) retirement savings program with generous employer matching contributions, subject to an annual cap per employee. We believe that we have a responsibility to encourage (and contribute to) the retirement readiness of each of our employees and believe that this generous 401(k) retirement savings program matching contribution is a meaningful commitment to the long-term welfare and security of our workforce.
Talent Development
We generally aim to develop talent from within and supplement with external hires. As a result, senior management across the Company and our businesses generally possesses a great depth of knowledge and experience regarding the Company, with external hires providing a fresh perspective. The human resources teams across the Company and our businesses use internal and external resources to recruit highly skilled, talented and diverse employees, and employee referrals for open positions are encouraged.
In addition, we actively seek to identify the next generation of leaders in technology early through the IAC Fellows program, a first-of-its-kind program connecting students from under-served and under-resourced backgrounds with academic and leadership opportunities. IAC Fellows join the program as early as high school and stay for up to six years, rotating across a diverse set of IAC businesses during that time in the form of competitively paid internships that put IAC Fellows in the trenches, testing their skills in real world scenarios. Through these experiences, IAC Fellows gain exposure to different business models, functions and roles within IAC, as well as access to IAC senior leadership as mentors and coaches. IAC Fellows also receive an academic stipend following the completion of each paid internship. For those IAC Fellows hired by IAC or any of its businesses following the completion of their paid internships and who stay for a period of three years, IAC will pay off the entirety of their school loans.

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To be eligible for the IAC Fellows program, applicants must be high-achieving students from historically and systematically underrepresented communities, with first-generation college students being given priority consideration. Students must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. and possess the following personal attributes: (i) leadership abilities, (ii) a strong interest in science, technology, computer science and/or math, (iii) demonstrated intellectual curiosity and devotion to study, (iv) a hunger to learn and achieve academically and (v) ethics, integrity and strength of character.
Lastly, through our charitable foundation, we award scholarships to high-achieving students who have a demonstrable need for financial assistance. Recipients can use scholarships for various college-related expenses, such as tuition, course-related fees, books, supplies and equipment.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We are committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day. Accordingly, we view diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) efforts as integral to our success. While DE&I efforts, policies and practices vary across our businesses, they include (in addition to the IAC Fellows program discussed above) at certain of our businesses: (i) pay equity analyses conducted on an annual basis to ensure that women and employees from traditionally under-represented groups are not adversely impacted by pay bias, (ii) employee community resource groups (ERGs) led and supported by senior executives (and in certain cases, funded by the relevant business) and (iii) DE&I councils that collaborate directly with senior executives to roll out DE&I training, as well to determine ways to diversify product and service experiences, attract a more diverse population of employees and invest in building diverse and equitable local communities.
Additional Information
Company Website and Public Filings
The Company maintains a website at www.iac.com. Neither the information on the Company’s website, nor the information on the website of any IAC business, is incorporated by reference into this annual report, or into any other filings with, or into any other information furnished or submitted to, the SEC.
The Company makes available, free of charge through its website, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K (including related amendments) as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with (or furnished to) the SEC. These reports (including related amendments) are also available at the SEC's website, www.sec.gov.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to all of our employees (including IAC’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and directors and is posted on the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at ir.iac.com under the “Code of Conduct” tab. This code complies with Item 406 of Regulation S-K and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Any changes to this code that affect the provisions required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K (and any waivers of such provisions for IAC’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and directors) will also be disclosed on IAC’s website.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
This annual report on Form 10-K contains “forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to: IAC’s future financial performance, IAC’s business prospects and strategy, anticipated trends and prospects in the industries in which IAC’s businesses operate and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on IAC management's expectations and assumptions about future events as of the date of this annual report, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.
Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward‑looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, among others, the risk factors set forth below. Other unknown or unpredictable factors that could also adversely affect IAC’s business, financial condition and results of operations may arise from time to time. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward‑looking statements discussed in this annual report may not prove to be accurate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which only reflect the views of IAC management as of the date of this annual report. IAC does not undertake to update these forward‑looking statements.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors Related to Our Business, Operations and Ownership
Marketing efforts designed to drive visitors to our various brands and businesses may not be successful or cost-effective.
Traffic building and conversion initiatives involve considerable expenditures for online and offline advertising and marketing. We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant expenditures for search engine marketing (primarily in the form of the purchase of keywords, which we purchase primarily through Google and, to a lesser extent, Microsoft and Yahoo!), social media advertising and other online display advertising and traditional offline advertising (including television and radio campaigns) in connection with these initiatives, which may not be successful or cost-effective. Also, to continue to reach consumers and users, we will need to continue to identify and devote more of our overall marketing expenditures to newer digital advertising channels (such as online video, social media, streaming, OTT and other digital platforms), as well as target consumers and users via these channels in a cost-effective manner. As these channels continue to evolve relative to traditional channels (such as television), it could continue to be difficult to assess returns on related marketing investments. Historically, we have had to increase advertising and marketing expenditures over time to attract and convert consumers, retain users of our various products and services and sustain our growth.
Our ability to market our brands and businesses on any given property or channel is generally subject to the policies of the relevant third-party seller, publisher (including search engines, web browsers and social media platforms with extraordinarily high levels of traffic and numbers of users) or marketing affiliate. As a result, we cannot be certain that these parties will not limit or prohibit us or our affiliate marketing partners from purchasing certain types of advertising (including the purchase by us of advertising with preferential placement or for certain of our products and services) or using one or more current or prospective marketing channels in the future. If a significant marketing channel took such an action generally, for a significant period of time or on a recurring basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, if we fail to comply with the policies of third-party sellers, publishers and marketing affiliates, our advertisements could be removed without notice or our accounts could be suspended or terminated, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely heavily on free search engine marketing to drive traffic to our properties. The display, including rankings, of search results can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our direct control, and may change frequently. Search engines have made changes in the past to their ranking algorithms, methodologies and design layouts that have reduced the prominence of links to websites offering our products and services and negatively impacted traffic to such websites, and we expect that search engines will continue to make such changes from time to time in the future. However, we may not know how (or otherwise be in a position) to influence actions of this nature taken by search engines. With respect to search results in particular, even when search engines announce the details of their methodologies, their parameters may change from time to time, be poorly defined or be inconsistently interpreted. In addition, if there are changes in the usage and functioning of search engines or decreases in consumer use of search engines, for example, as a result of the continued development of artificial intelligence technology, this could negatively impact our ability to drive traffic to our properties.

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Our failure to respond successfully to rapid and frequent changes in the operating and pricing dynamics of search engines, as well as changing policies and guidelines applicable to keyword advertising and content quality (which may be unilaterally updated by search engines without advance notice) and any other changes in the usage and functioning of search engines (including decreased consumer use of search engines), could adversely affect our paid and free search engine marketing efforts. Specifically, such changes could adversely affect paid listings (both their placement and pricing), as well as the ranking of links to websites offering our products and services within search results, any or all of which could increase our marketing costs (particularly if free traffic is replaced with paid traffic) and adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts overall. In addition, the failure to respond successfully to the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers, as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies, could also adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Lastly, in connection with the acquisition of traffic and leads directly from third parties, certain of our businesses also enter into various arrangements with such parties (including advertising and marketing firms) to drive traffic to their various brands and businesses and generate leads, which arrangements are generally more cost-effective than traditional marketing efforts. If these businesses are unable to renew existing (and enter into new) arrangements of this nature, sales and marketing costs as a percentage of revenue would increase over the long-term, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, recent regulatory changes may make it more difficult for these businesses, particularly those within our Angi Inc. segment, to obtain traffic and leads by way of third-party affiliate relationships. See "Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation" and " — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals." Lastly, in the case of traffic and leads acquired directly and generated through third-party affiliates, the quality, validity (from real users with genuine interest and, if applicable, otherwise acquired in a manner that complies with contractual obligations in place with paid listings providers or advertisers) and convertibility of such traffic and leads are dependent on many factors, most of which are generally outside of our control. If the quality, validity or convertibility of traffic and leads we acquire directly and/or via third-party affiliates do not meet the expectations of the users of our various products and services, our paid listings providers or advertisers (as well any third parties who may acquire such traffic or leads from our paid listings providers or advertisers), as applicable, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We rely on search engines to drive traffic to our various properties. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services. If links to websites offering our products and services are not displayed prominently in search results, traffic to our properties could decline and our business could be adversely affected.
As discussed above, the amount of traffic we attract through search engines is due in large part to how and where websites offering our products and services (and related information and links to those properties) are displayed on search engine results pages. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services and may change their displays or rankings in order to promote their products or services or the products or services of one or more of our competitors. Any such action could negatively impact the search rankings of links to websites offering our products and services, or the prominence with which such links appear in search results. Our success depends on the ability of links to websites offering our products and services to maintain a prominent position in search results, and in the event operators of search engines promote their own competing products in the future in a manner that has the effect of reducing the prominence or ranking of links to websites offering our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Certain of our businesses depend upon arrangements with Google.
A meaningful portion of our consolidated revenue (and a substantial portion of our net cash from operations that we can freely access) is attributable to a services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, we display and syndicate paid listings provided by Google in response to search queries generated through the businesses within our Search segment. In exchange for making our search traffic available to Google, we receive a share of the revenue generated by the paid listings supplied to us, as well as certain other search related services. Our agreement with Google expires on March 31, 2025.

The amount of revenue we receive from Google depends on a number of factors outside of our control, including the amount Google charges for advertisements, the efficiency of Google’s system in attracting advertisers and serving up paid listings in response to search queries and parameters established by Google regarding the number and placement of paid listings displayed in response to search queries. In addition, Google makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to advertisers) of clicks on paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the amount of revenue we receive. Google also makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to users) of paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the number of advertisements that we can purchase. Changes to the amount Google charges advertisers, the efficiency of Google’s paid listings network and the quality of related traffic, Google’s judgment about the relative attractiveness to advertisers of clicks on paid listings from our properties or to the parameters applicable to the display of paid listings generally could result in a decrease in the amount of revenue we receive from Google and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such changes could come about for a number of reasons, including general market conditions, competition or policy and operating decisions made by Google.
Our services agreement with Google also requires that we comply with certain guidelines for the use of Google brands and services, including the Chrome browser and Chrome Web Store. These guidelines govern which of our products and applications may access Google services or be distributed through its Chrome Web Store, and the manner in which Google’s paid listings are displayed within search results across various third-party platforms and products (including our properties). Our services agreement also requires that we establish guidelines to govern certain activities of third parties to whom we syndicate paid listings, including the manner in which these parties drive search traffic to their websites and display paid listings. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice, whether under the services agreement or otherwise, which could in turn require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which could be costly to address or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Noncompliance with Google’s guidelines by us or the third parties to whom we are permitted to syndicate paid listings or through which we secure distribution arrangements for the businesses within our Search financial reporting segment could result in the suspension of some or all Google services to us (or the websites of our third-party partners) and/or the termination of the services agreement by Google. Google has, in the past, made policy changes generally and under the services agreement, which had a negative impact on the historical and expected future results of operations of our Desktop business, as well as suspended services with respect to some of our Desktop products, and may take continued or further action with respect to our products and businesses in the future.
The termination of the services agreement by Google (including the non-renewal of the agreement upon its expiration), the curtailment or worsening of our rights under the agreement, including the failure to allow our products to access Google services (whether pursuant to the terms thereof or otherwise), and/or the failure of Google to perform its obligations under the agreement and/or policy changes implemented by Google under the services agreement or otherwise would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of these events were to occur, we may not be able to find another suitable alternate provider of paid listings (or if an alternate provider were found, the economic and other terms of the agreement and the quality of paid listings may be inferior relative to our arrangements with (and the paid listings supplied by) Google) or otherwise replace the lost revenues.

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Changes in the usage and functioning of search engines related to generative artificial intelligence technology (“GAI”), related disruption to marketing technologies and platforms and use of our content by GAI chatbots could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
GAI-powered chatbots and other tools could change the way people access and consume information, and if they supplant traffic to the websites of our businesses (in particular, the Digital business within our Dotdash Meredith segment), we could experience decreased traffic and advertising revenues, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, GAI has the potential to generate digital content and information and develop digital products and services at a much greater scale and in a more cost-effective manner relative to traditional efforts, which could result in increased competition. The use of GAI could lead to unintended consequences, including generating content that appears correct but is factually inaccurate, misleading or otherwise flawed. Several jurisdictions worldwide have proposed or enacted laws, rules and regulations governing GAI, and compliance with such laws, rules and regulations could be costly. The failure to adopt or otherwise adapt to evolving GAI capabilities could adversely affect our ability to compete generally, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, to the extent GAI chatbots misappropriate or misuse our copyrighted content, the value of this content will be diminished and our ability to invest in new content will be adversely impacted, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, upon the continued migration of certain markets and industries online and the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services as effective alternatives to traditional offline products and services.
Through our various businesses, we provide a variety of online products and services that continue to compete with their traditional offline counterparts. We believe that the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services generally will depend, to a large extent, on the continued growth in commercial use of the Internet (particularly abroad) and the continued migration of traditional offline markets and industries online.
For example, the success of our Angi Inc. businesses and our Care.com business depends, in substantial part, on the continued migration of the home services and care-related services markets, respectively, online. If for any reason these markets do not migrate online as quickly as (or at lower levels than) we expect and consumers and service professionals (and subscribers and caregivers) continue, in large part, to rely on traditional offline efforts to connect with one another, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Lastly, the success of our advertising-supported businesses also depends, in part, on their ability to compete for a share of available advertising expenditures as more traditional offline and emerging media companies continue to enter the online advertising market, the continued growth and acceptance of online advertising generally and their ability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape (for example, in response to the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers and consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies). Any lack of growth in the market for online advertising and/or our inability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See also "-Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands."
Our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to develop and monetize versions of our products and services for mobile and other digital devices.
As consumers increasingly access our products and services through mobile and other digital devices, we will need to continue to devote significant time and resources to ensure that our products and services are accessible across these platforms (and multiple platforms generally). If we do not keep pace with evolving online, market and industry trends (including the introduction of new and enhanced digital devices and changes in the preferences and needs of consumers generally), offer new and/or enhanced products and services in response to such trends that resonate with consumers, monetize products and services for mobile and other digital devices as effectively as traditional products and services and/or maintain related systems, technology and infrastructure in an efficient and cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, the success of our mobile and other digital products and services depends on their interoperability with various third-party operating systems, technology, infrastructure and standards, over which we have no control. Any changes to any of these things that compromise the quality or functionality of our mobile and digital products and services could adversely affect their usage levels and/or our ability to attract consumers and advertisers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Advertising revenue represents a significant portion of our consolidated revenue. Accordingly, we are sensitive to general economic events and trends that adversely impact advertising spending levels.
A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is attributable to digital and other advertising, primarily revenue from the businesses within our Dotdash Meredith and Search segments. Accordingly, events and trends that put economic pressure on advertisers and consumers could continue to result in decreased advertising expenditures and related revenues generally, which would continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising is highly dependent upon the strength of the economy in the United States, so any general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, rising interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions, could adversely affect demand for advertising and consumer confidence, and in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as alternative forms of media and entertainment (relative to traditional forms of media) continue to grow, competition for advertising will continue to increase, which could adversely affect demand for (and the effectiveness of) advertising through our various platforms, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers, as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies, could also adversely affect our ability to sell advertising and the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands.
We intend to continue to focus on digital content and advertising across our portfolio of publishing brands, including the deployment of our playbook for building digital lifestyle brands across Dotdash Meredith brands. As a result, we intend to continue to increase our investment in our Digital business. If this focus and increased investment does not generate increased revenue from our Digital business and/or if we otherwise do not successfully execute this strategy generally and/or in a cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our success depends, in substantial part, on our continued ability to market, distribute and monetize our products and services through search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms.
The marketing, distribution and monetization of our products and services depends on our ability to cultivate and maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon. These platforms could decide not to market and distribute some or all of our products and services, change their terms and conditions of use or advertising policies at any time (and without notice), favor their own products and services over our products and services and/or significantly increase their fees. While we expect to maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with these platforms, no assurances can be provided that we will be able to do so and our inability to do so in the case of one or more of these platforms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In particular, as consumers increasingly access our products and services through applications, we increasingly depend upon the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, Google’s Chrome Web Store, Microsoft Store and Amazon App Store to distribute our mobile applications. The operators of these stores have broad discretion to change their respective terms and conditions applicable to the distribution of our applications, including those relating to privacy and data collection,the amount of (and requirement to pay) certain fees associated with purchases facilitated by such stores through our applications, their ability to interpret their respective terms and conditions in ways that may limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to distribute our applications through such stores, the features we may provide in our products and services, our ability to access information about our subscribers and users that they collect and the manner in which we market in-app products. The operators of these stores could also make changes to their operating systems or payment services that could negatively affect us. No assurances can be provided that the operators of these stores will not interpret their respective terms and conditions in the manner described above and to the extent any of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Revenue from our Print business is declining.
Our Print business generates revenue from various channels, the largest of which are the sale of print magazine subscriptions to consumers and magazine advertising, followed by newsstand sales.The profitability of our print magazine publications (and in turn, our Print business) depends, in substantial part, on our ability to both maintain a profitable audience and sell advertising based on that audience. The industry in which our Print business operates is extremely competitive and such business will continue to face increasing competition from alternative forms of media and entertainment (primarily digital channels). As a result, in 2022 we eliminated the print component of certain of our publishing brands and reduced the circulation of others, which together with continuing trends in the print publishing industry, negatively impacted (and continues to negatively impact) our Print revenue. We continue to expect Print revenue from print magazine subscriptions, advertisers and newsstand sales to decline over the next few years. If we do not offset the decrease in Print magazine subscriptions by increasing subscription prices, our revenue may decline. And if we do not offset reductions in revenue with the implementation of cost-cutting measures and continue to proactively manage this decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Increases in paper and postage prices are difficult to predict and control.
In the case of our Print business, paper and postage represent a significant component of costs. Paper is a commodity and its price can be subject to significant volatility. Paper prices reached all time-highs in early 2023. We rely on multiple third parties to supply us with paper for our print magazines, the largest of which are located in the European Union. Our paper supply contracts currently provide for price adjustments based on prevailing market prices and historically, we have been able to realize favorable paper pricing through volume discounts. Our paper suppliers and/or the paper mills upon which they rely for inventory may experience events outside of their and our control that result in supply chain disruptions (for example, labor force disruptions (strikes and union negotiations) and weather, among other events). The United States Postal Service (the “USPS”) distributes substantially all our subscription magazines and many of our marketing materials. Postal rates are dependent on the operating efficiency of the USPS and on legislative mandates imposed upon the USPS. Although we work with others in the industry and through trade organizations to encourage the USPS to implement efficiencies that will minimize postal rate increases, we have no control over such matters. The current USPS is committed to increasing postal rates, which combined with the impact of volatility in paper prices and paper supply chain disruptions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a single supplier to print our magazines and primarily rely on two wholesalers to distribute our magazines through newsstands.
In the case of our Print business, we produce print magazines in the United States and rely on one supplier (the only one capable of producing such print magazines) to do so. We also rely primarily on two wholesalers, each of which is the only distributor of scale in its respective geographical regions, to distribute the substantial majority of our print magazines to newsstands in the United States. If for any reason, our one supplier fails to deliver our print magazines and/or one or both of the two wholesalers cannot distribute our print magazines to newsstands, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In this case, we may not be able to move the printing of our print magazines to an alternative supplier and/or the distribution of our print magazines to alternative wholesalers, particularly given the contracting nature of the print magazine market generally (and shrinking wholesaler options). And even if we were to find alternative vendors, the economic and other terms of the arrangements and the quality of the services provided could be inferior relative to the arrangements with our current vendors and/or we may not be able to replace lost revenues. Any transitions in this regard would be costly and time consuming and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our pension plan obligations could increase.
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corp. in December 2021, our Dotdash Meredith business assumed certain pension plan obligations. The two largest of these pension plans are funded plans in the United Kingdom and the United States, both of which are overfunded on a U.S. GAAP basis (see “Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 13 — Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans”). The pension plan in the United Kingdom relates to a business that was sold by Meredith Corporation prior to the acquisition, and as of the date of this annual report, there are no active participants in such plan accruing benefits. This plan has entered into annuity contracts designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants until the annuity contracts are settled. The value of these annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match (in other words, the full benefits have been annuitized). In addition, effective December 31, 2022, the qualified pension plan in the United States terminated and from and after such date, no participants accrued additional service credits under that plan. Following the receipt of a favorable determination letter regarding the termination of the U.S. plan from the Internal Revenue Service, each plan participant will elect to have their benefits satisfied by way of a lump sum cash payment or the purchase of an annuity on the relevant participant's behalf. While the Company does not expect to have to make any contributions to these plans, that could change based upon future events.

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Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. and Care.com to establish and maintain relationships with quality and trustworthy service professionals and caregivers.
We must continue to attract, retain and grow the number of skilled and reliable service professionals who can provide services across Angi Inc. platforms and caregivers who can provide care-related services through the Care.com platform. If we do not offer innovative products and services that resonate with consumers, service professionals, subscribers and caregivers generally, as well as provide service professionals and caregivers with an attractive return on their marketing and advertising investments, the number of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with Angi Inc. and Care.com platforms, respectively, would decrease. Any such decreases would result in smaller and less diverse networks and directories of service professionals and caregivers, and in turn, decreases in service requests, pre-priced bookings and directory searches, as well as subscriber requests for caregivers, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to valuing the skill and reliability of service professionals and caregivers, consumers and families want to work with service professionals and caregivers whom they trust to work in their homes and with their family members and with whom they feel safe. While there are screening processes and certain other safety-related measures in place at these businesses (which generally include certain limited background checks) intended to prevent unsuitable service professionals and caregivers from joining and remaining on our various platforms, these processes have limitations and, even with these safety measures, no assurances can be provided regarding the future behavior of any service provider or caregiver affiliated with our platforms. Inappropriate and/or unlawful service professional and/or caregiver behavior generally (particularly behavior that compromises their trustworthiness and/or of the safety of consumers and families) could result in decreases in service requests and subscriber requests for caregivers and related care services, bad publicity and related damage to our reputation, brands and brand-building efforts and/or actions by governmental and regulatory authorities, criminal proceedings and/or litigation. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. to continue to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally.
The Services business within our Angi Inc. segment provides a pre-priced offering, pursuant to which consumers can request services through Services platforms and pay for such services on the applicable platform directly. These service requests are then fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services. Increases in pre-priced offerings (which we expect to be the case over time) could reduce the levels of service professional participation at Angi Inc.'s other businesses, and in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact the ability of our Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals.
In connection with the marketing of our products and services and efforts to generate leads for service professionals, the businesses within our Angi Inc. segment have historically relied on their ability (and the ability of service professionals) to communicate with consumers via phone and text message, in some cases, using automated technology, as have third-party affiliates through which Angi Inc. businesses market their products and services. As discussed in "Item 1-Business-Description of IAC Businesses-Government Regulation," in an effort to reduce robocalls and robotexts, there has been an increased effort by U.S. regulatory authorities and telecommunications carriers to ensure that consumers opt in to receiving certain marketing calls and text messages from businesses. For example, the FCC has adopted an amendment to the express consent requirements of the TCPA to require a 1:1 consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message using automated technology. This means that each business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent from the consumer. While the amendment is not yet finalized, as proposed, in the case of our Angi Inc. businesses, it will require revisions to some processes and certain aspects of product experience, as well as to third-party affiliate arrangements. These revisions could result in increased expenses. Further, the increased disclosures and consent requirements under the proposed rule could adversely impact consumer engagement levels and consumer conversion in the case of Angi Inc. products and services, which would decrease leads generated on Angi Inc. platforms, as well as the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to obtain leads through third-party affiliate arrangements, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Independent of the proposed TCPA amendment, phone carriers increasingly dictate rules for obtaining consent from consumers to receive text messages. This may reduce the number of consumers who opt in to receiving both marketing and transactional text messages from Angi Inc. businesses and service professionals, which could further adversely impact the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals and, in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers.
We depend on search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Google, Apple and Facebook, to market, distribute and monetize our products and services. Our users and subscribers engage with these platforms directly, and in the case of digital app stores, are generally subject to requirements regarding the use of their payment systems for various transactions. As a result, these platforms generally receive personal data about our users and subscribers that we would otherwise receive if we transacted with our users and subscribers directly. Certain of these platforms have restricted (and continue to restrict) our access to personal data about our users and subscribers obtained through their platforms. In addition, the privacy and data collection policies of certain platforms require users to opt-in to sharing their devices’ unique identifiers with our businesses, which allow them to recognize a given device and track related activity across applications and websites, primarily for marketing purposes. If these platforms continue to limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers, our ability to identify, communicate with and market to a meaningful portion of our user and subscriber bases may be adversely impacted. If so, our customer relationship management efforts, our ability to identify, target and reach new segments of our user and subscriber bases and the population generally, the efficiency of our paid marketing efforts, the rates we are able to charge advertisers seeking to reach users and subscribers of our various properties and our ability to develop and implement safety features, policies and procedures for certain of our products and services could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that the search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms upon which we rely will not continue to (or continue to increasingly) limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers or that any future platforms upon which we may rely will not do the same. To the extent that any or all of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our ability to engage directly with our users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers on a timely basis is critical to our success.
As consumers increasingly communicate via mobile and other digital devices and messaging and social media apps, email usage (particularly among younger consumers) has declined and we expect this trend to continue. In addition, deliverability and other restrictions could limit or prevent our ability to send emails to users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers. Recently, email providers have tightened their spam thresholds. Exceeding these more stringent spam thresholds could result in some or all of the emails from our various businesses being delayed or blocked, and therefore less likely to be opened. A continued and significant erosion in our ability to engage with users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers via email could adversely impact the user experience, engagement levels and conversion rates, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that any alternative means of communication (for example, push notifications and text messaging) will be as effective as email has been historically.

Mr. Diller, certain members of his family and Mr. Levin are able to exercise significant influence over the composition of IAC’s board of directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations.
As of February 9, 2024, Mr. Diller, his spouse (Diane von Furstenberg) and his stepson (Alexander von Furstenberg) collectively held (directly and through certain trusts) shares of Class B common stock and common stock that represented approximately 42.2 % of the total outstanding voting power of IAC (based on the number of shares of Class B and common stock outstanding on February 9, 2024).
As a result of the IAC securities held by these individuals, as of the date of this report, such individuals are (and are expected to continue to be), collectively, in a position to influence (subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law) the composition of IAC’s board of directors and the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval (such as mergers, business combinations and dispositions of assets, among other corporate transactions). These securities are subject to the Voting Agreement described under "Item 1-Business-Equity Ownership and Vote" and as a result of such agreement, as of the date of this report Mr. Levin is (and is expected to continue to be) in a position, subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law, to influence his election to IAC’s board of directors and the outcome of Contingent Matters (as defined in the Voting Agreement). This concentration of investment and voting power could discourage others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to IAC and its stockholders, which could adversely affect the market price of IAC securities.
In addition, all or a portion of the shares of Class B common stock collectively held by Mr. Diller, his spouse and stepson could be sold to a third party, which could result in the purchaser obtaining significant influence over IAC, the composition of IAC’s board of directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations, without consideration being paid to holders of shares of our common stock, and without holders of shares of our common stock having a right to consent to the identity of such purchaser. Pursuant to the Voting Agreement, if any of the holders of Class B common stock were to determine to sell shares of Class B common stock to a person other than Mr. Diller, his family members or certain entities controlled by such persons, they have agreed that they will discuss selling such shares to Mr. Levin before selling them to any other party.

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Risk Factors Related to Our Liquidity, Indebtedness and Dilution
Current and future indebtedness could affect our ability to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith, Inc. entered into the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, which provides for: (i) a five year $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (ii) a seven-year Dotdash Meredith $1.25 billion Term Loan B and (iii) a five year $150 million Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.0 billion, consisting of $315.0 million and $1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, and $500.0 million of ANGI Group Senior Notes.
The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the ability of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries to take specified actions, including, among other things (and subject to certain exceptions): (i) creating liens, (ii) incurring indebtedness, (iii) making investments and acquisitions, (iv) engaging in mergers, dissolutions and other fundamental changes, (v) making dispositions, (vi) making restricted payments (including dividends and certain prepayments of junior debt, if any), (vii) consummating transactions with affiliates, (viii) entering into sale-leaseback transactions, (ix) placing restrictions on distributions from subsidiaries, and (x) changing its fiscal year. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also contains customary affirmative covenants and events of default. For a description of certain restrictions in effect following the test period ended December 31, 2023, see “Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity Assessment.”
The obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries (other than Dotdash Meredith and its subsidiaries in the case of obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement) guarantee any indebtedness of Dotdash Meredith nor are they subject to any of the covenants related to such indebtedness.
The terms of the Dotdash Meredith indebtedness could:
limit our ability to obtain financings and the ability Dotdash Meredith to obtain additional financings to fund working capital needs, acquisitions, capital expenditures or debt service requirements or for other purposes;
limit our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of our businesses in the event that we need to dedicate a substantial portion of these funds to service Dotdash Meredith indebtedness;
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to compete with other companies who are not as highly leveraged;
restrict us or Dotdash Meredith from making strategic acquisitions, developing properties or exploiting business opportunities;
restrict the way in which we or Dotdash Meredith conduct business;
expose us to potential events of default, which if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results and that of Dotdash Meredith;
increase our and Dotdash Meredith’s vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions or in pricing of our various products and services; and
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to react to changing market conditions in the various industries in which we do business.
We may incur, and subject to restrictions in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith may incur, additional, indebtedness. Any additional indebtedness incurred by us (or Dotdash Meredith in compliance with applicable restrictions) that is significant could increase the risks described above.
For additional information regarding the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement and indebtedness outstanding thereunder, see “Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.
The ability of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. to satisfy scheduled debt obligations under their respective debt agreements will depend upon, among other things:
their future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control;
their future ability to incur indebtedness; and
in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, the future ability to borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility, which will depend on, among other things, the ability of Dotdash Meredith to comply with the covenants governing its existing indebtedness.
Neither Dotdash Meredith nor Angi Inc. may be able to generate sufficient cash flow from their respective operations (and/or, in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility) in amounts sufficient to meet their respective scheduled debt obligations. See also “-We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. and its subsidiaries” below. If so, they could be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or seek additional capital (in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, in a manner that complies with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement). If these efforts do not generate sufficient funds to meet scheduled debt obligations, they would need to seek additional financing and/or negotiate with lenders to restructure or refinance their respective outstanding indebtedness. Their ability to do so would depend on the condition of the capital markets and their respective financial condition at such time. Any such financing, restructuring or refinancing could be on less favorable terms than those of their current respective indebtedness (and if Dotdash Meredith is the borrower, would need to comply with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of such agreement).
Variable rate indebtedness and interest rate swaps subject us to interest rate risk and counterparty risk, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.0 billion, consisting of $315.0 million and $1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, which bear interest at variable rates, and $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate. As of that date, we had borrowing availability of $150 million under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. Borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans A and B are, and any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility will be, at variable interest rates, which exposes us to interest rate risk. To hedge a portion of the interest rate risk in respect of this indebtedness, in March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027, which expose Dotdash Meredith to counterparty credit risk based on the potential default of one or more counterparties.
For details regarding: (i) the variable interest rates applicable to indebtedness outstanding under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023 and how certain increases and decreases in those rates would affect related interest expense as of December 31, 2023 and generally, (ii) the interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and (iii) the fixed interest rates applicable to the ANGI Group Senior Notes and how certain increases and decreases in market rates relative to those rates would affect the fair value of this indebtedness, see “Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and/or Angi Inc. and their respective subsidiaries.
Our potential sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of certain of our subsidiaries and proceeds from asset sales, including marketable securities. While the ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us depends on their individual operating results and applicable statutory, regulatory or contractual restrictions generally, in the case of Dotdash Meredith, the terms of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement limit the ability of Dotdash Meredith to pay dividends or make distributions, loans or advances to stockholders (including IAC) in certain circumstances. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 7 — Long-Term Debt." In addition, because Angi Inc. is a separate and distinct publicly traded legal entity, Angi Inc. has no obligation to provide us with funds.
You may experience dilution with respect to your investment in IAC, and IAC may experience dilution with respect to its investment in Angi Inc., as a result of compensatory equity awards.
IAC has issued various compensatory equity awards, including stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of IAC common stock, as well as in equity of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries, including Angi Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries.

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The issuance of shares of IAC common stock in settlement of these equity awards could dilute your ownership interest in IAC. Angi Inc. compensatory equity awards that are settled in shares of Class A common stock of Angi Inc. could dilute IAC’s ownership interest in Angi Inc. The dilution of IAC’s ownership stake in Angi Inc. could impact its ability, among other things, to maintain Angi Inc. as part of its consolidated tax group for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to effect a tax-free distribution of its Angi Inc. stake to its stockholders or to maintain control of Angi Inc. As IAC generally has the right to maintain its levels of ownership in Angi Inc. to the extent Angi Inc. issues additional shares of its capital stock in the future pursuant to an investor rights agreement, IAC does not currently intend to allow any of the foregoing to occur. With respect to awards denominated in shares of IAC’s non-publicly traded subsidiaries, IAC estimates the dilutive impact of those awards based on the estimated fair value of those subsidiaries. Those estimates may change from time to time, and the fair value determined in connection with vesting and liquidity events could lead to more or less dilution than reflected in IAC’s diluted earnings per share calculation.
General Risk Factors
Our businesses operate in especially competitive and evolving industries.
The industries in which our brands and businesses operate are competitive, with a consistent and growing stream of new products and entrants. Some of our competitors may enjoy better competitive positions in certain geographical areas, user demographics and/or other key areas that we currently serve or may serve in the future. Generally, our brands and businesses compete with search engine providers and online marketplaces that can market their products and services online in a more prominent and cost-effective manner than we can. We also generally compete with social media platforms with access to large existing pools of potential users and their personal information, which means these platforms can drive visitors to their products and services, as well as better tailor products and service to individual users, at little to no cost relative to those involved with our efforts. Any of these advantages could enable our competitors to offer products and services that are more appealing to consumers than our products and services, respond more quickly and/or cost effectively than we do to evolving market opportunities and trends and/or display their own integrated or related products and services in a more prominent manner than our products and services in search results, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, costs to switch among products and services are generally low to non-existent given that consumers generally have a propensity to try new products and services (and use multiple products and services simultaneously). As a result, we expect the continued emergence of new products and services, competitors and business models in the various industries in which our brands and businesses operate. Our inability to continue to innovate and compete effectively against new products and services, competitors and business models could result in decreases in the size and levels of engagement of our various user and subscriber bases, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are sensitive to general economic events and trends, particularly those that adversely impact consumer confidence and spending behavior, as well as general geopolitical risks.
Events and trends that result in decreased levels of consumer confidence and discretionary spending (for example, a general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, high interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions) could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The businesses in our Angi Inc. segment are particularly sensitive to events and trends that could result in consumers delaying or foregoing home services projects (including difficulties obtaining supplies for and financing such projects) and service professionals being less likely to pay for Angi Inc.'s various products and services. Similarly, our Care.com business is particularly sensitive to events and trends that could adversely impact the ability of families to pay for caregiver services. Any such events or trends could adversely impact the number and quality of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with these businesses and/or could adversely impact the reach of (and breadth of services offered through) these businesses, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, given the adverse financial and operational impact we experienced as a result of the coronavirus and measures designed to contain its spread, any future outbreak of a widespread health epidemic or pandemic could adversely impact our ability to conduct ordinary course business activities and employee productivity and increase operating costs.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to build, maintain and/or enhance our various brands.
Through our various businesses, we own and operate a number of widely known consumer brands with strong brand appeal and recognition within their respective markets and industries, as well as emerging brands that we are in the process of building. We believe that our success depends, in large part, on our continued ability to maintain and enhance our established brands, as well as build awareness of (and loyalty to) our emerging brands. Events that could adversely impact our brands and brand-building efforts include (among others): product and service quality concerns, consumer complaints or lawsuits, lack of awareness of the policies of our various businesses and/or how they are applied in practice, our failure to respond to consumer, user, service professional and caregiver feedback, ineffective advertising, inappropriate and/or unlawful actions taken by consumers, users, service professionals and caregivers, actions taken by governmental or regulatory authorities, data protection and security breaches and related bad publicity. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to protect our systems, technology and infrastructure from cybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity incidents experienced by third parties could adversely affect us.
We are regularly subjected to attacks by threat actors through the use of botnets, malware or other destructive or disruptive software, distributed denial of service attacks, phishing and attempts to misappropriate user information and account login credentials and intercept payments intended for legitimate third parties, among other similar malicious activities. The incidence of events of this nature (or any combination thereof) is on the rise worldwide. Our efforts to develop and maintain systems, processes and procedures designed to detect and prevent events of this nature from impacting our systems, technology, infrastructure, products, services, payment processes and procedures and users are costly and require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome preventative security measures become more sophisticated. There can be no assurance that the systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of cybersecurity incidents will be sufficient to prevent or detect material consequences arising from such incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on our systems if such incidents do occur. Despite these efforts, we could experience significant or material cybersecurity incidents in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any cybersecurity incident or other similar event that we experience could damage our systems, technology and infrastructure or those of our users, prevent us from providing our products and services, compromise the integrity of our products and services, damage our reputation, erode our brands or be costly to remedy, as well as subject us to investigations by regulatory authorities, fines or litigation that could result in liability to third parties. Even if we do not experience such events directly, the impact of any such events experienced by third parties upon which we rely and with which we contract for various products and services could have a similar effect. Cybersecurity incidents or other similar events experienced by third-party service providers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not be adequate to compensate for losses resulting from any such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future. If we (or any third party with which we do business or on which we otherwise rely upon) experience(s) an event of this nature, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If personal, confidential or sensitive user information is breached or otherwise accessed by unauthorized persons, it may be costly to mitigate and our reputation could be harmed.
We receive, process, store and transmit a significant amount of personal, confidential or sensitive user and subscriber information and, in the case of certain of our products and services, enable users and subscribers to share their personal information with each other. Our efforts to develop and maintain systems designed to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of this information may not prevent inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure, and third parties may gain unauthorized access to this information. When such events occur, we may not be able to remedy them, we may be required by law to notify regulators and impacted individuals and it may be costly to mitigate the impact of such events and to develop and implement protections to prevent future events of this nature from occurring. When breaches of security (ours or that of any third party that we engage to store such information) occur, we could face governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions) and the reputation of our brands and business could be harmed, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not be adequate to compensate for losses resulting from any such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future.In addition, if any of the search engines, digital app stores or social media platforms through which we market, distribute and monetize our products and services were to experience a breach, third parties could gain unauthorized access to personal data about our users and subscribers, which could indirectly harm the reputation of our brands and business and, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.
We receive, transmit and store a large volume of personal information and other user and subscriber data in connection with the processing of search queries, the provision of online products and services generally and the display of advertising on our various properties. The manner in which we share, store, use, disclose and protect this information is determined by the respective privacy and data security policies of our various businesses, as well as federal, state and foreign laws and regulations and evolving industry standards and practices, which are changing, and in some cases, inconsistent and conflicting and subject to differing interpretations. In addition, new laws, regulations and industry standards and practices of this nature are proposed and adopted from time to time. For a description of laws, regulations and rules concerning the processing, storage and use of disclosure of personal data, see “Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation.”
We may be subject to claims of non-compliance with applicable privacy and data protection laws and regulations that we may not be able to successfully defend or that may result in significant fines and penalties. Moreover, any non-compliance or perceived non-compliance by us (or any third party we engage) or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to (or use or transmission of) personal information could result in a variety of claims against us, including governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions), claims of breach of contract and indemnity by third parties and adverse publicity. When such events occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, to the extent multiple U.S. state (and/or European Union member-state) laws continue to be introduced with inconsistent or conflicting standards and there is no federal or European Union regulation to preempt such laws, compliance could be even more difficult to achieve and our potential exposure to the risks discussed above could increase.
Lastly, ongoing compliance with existing (and compliance with future) privacy and data protection laws worldwide is (and we expect that it will continue to be) costly. The devotion of significant expenditures to compliance (versus to the development of products and services) could result in delays in the development of new products and services, us ceasing to provide problematic products and services in existing jurisdictions and us being prevented from introducing products and services in new and existing jurisdictions, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on the integrity, quality, efficiency and scalability of our systems, technology and infrastructure, and those of third parties.
We rely on our systems, technology and infrastructure to perform well on a consistent basis. From time to time in the past, we have experienced (and in the future we may experience) occasional interruptions that make some or all of this framework and related information unavailable or that prevent us from providing products and services; any such interruption could arise for any number of reasons. We also rely on third-party data center service providers and cloud-based, hosted web service providers, as well as third-party computer systems and a variety of communications systems and service providers in connection with the provision of our products and services generally, as well as to facilitate and process certain payment and other transactions with users. We have no control over any of these third parties or their operations and the interruption of any of the services provided by these parties could prevent us from accessing user and subscriber information and providing our products and services. If any third parties upon which we rely cannot adequately or appropriately provide their services or perform their duties and responsibilities due to a cybersecurity incident or other interruption, we may be subject to business disruptions. Any business disruptions could adversely affect us and be costly to remediate, as well as result in user and customer dissatisfaction, reputational damage and/or legal or regulatory proceedings (among other adverse consequences), which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.While we may be entitled to damages if third parties fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award.
Our systems, technology and infrastructure could be damaged or interrupted at any time due to cybersecurity incidents, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, acts of God and other similar events or disruptions. Any event of this nature could prevent us from providing our products and services at all (or result in the provision of our products and services on a delayed or interrupted basis) or result in the loss of critical data. Businesses that we acquire may employ cybersecurity controls or information security policies less robust than ours, which may require us to expend additional resources to integrate acquired systems into our own, and which could expose us to heightened risk.The backup systems that we and the third parties upon whom we rely have in place for certain aspects of our and their respective frameworks may be insufficient for all recovery eventualities. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption. When such damages, interruptions or outages occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We also continually work to expand and enhance the efficiency and scalability of our systems, technology and infrastructure to improve the consumer and user experience, accommodate substantial increases in the number of visitors to our various platforms, ensure acceptable load times for our various products and services and keep up with changes in user and subscriber preferences. If we do not continue to do so in a timely and cost-effective manner, user and subscriber experiences and demand across our brands and businesses could be adversely affected, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on our key personnel.
Our future success will depend upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled, diverse and talented individuals worldwide, particularly in the case of senior leadership. Competition for well-qualified employees across IAC and its various businesses has been (and is expected to continue to be) intense, particularly in the case of senior leadership and technology roles, and we must continue to attract new (and retain existing) employees to compete effectively. While we have established programs to attract new (and retain existing) key and other employees, we may not be able to do so in the future. If we fail to retain key and other employees, this could result in the loss of institutional knowledge and the disruption of our day-to-day operations, which could adversely impact the effectiveness of our internal control framework and the ability of IAC and its various businesses to successfully execute long term strategic initiatives and other goals. If we do not ensure the effective transfer of knowledge to successors and smooth transitions (particularly in the case of senior leadership) by way of tailored succession plans across IAC and its various businesses, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C.    Cybersecurity
Overview
We recognize that the safety and security of our systems, technology and infrastructure (and those of key third-party service providers upon which we rely), as well as our content and confidential or sensitive user and employee information, is critical to maintaining the trust and confidence of our users and subscribers, consumers, advertisers and investors (among other stakeholders). As a result, Company management has established programs and related processes designed to manage cybersecurity issues, including the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks, together with related mitigation and recovery efforts. Our board of directors, directly and through our Audit Committee, oversees Company management in the execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including the assessment of the Company’s approach to cybersecurity risk management.
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Overview. Our cybersecurity programs and related processes generally consist of the following key elements: (i) risk assessment and management efforts, (ii) technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts, (iii) third-party risk management efforts, (iv) education, training and preparedness efforts and (v) governance efforts.
Risk assessment and management efforts. We assess, identify and manage cybersecurity risks as part of a comprehensive information security program that is intended to be aligned with standard industry frameworks, such as International Standard for Organization (ISO) 27000 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Framework.
As part of the ongoing refinement of our information security program, we engage (as appropriate) various third-party risk management services to assist with the identification of potential cybersecurity issues, such as those involving software vulnerabilities, configuration errors, data exposure and credential theft (among others), as well as consult with external legal counsel, third-party experts and other advisors to assist with incident response and recovery efforts, forensic investigations, extortion negotiations and crisis management or readiness for the same. We also maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur.
In addition, as discussed in more detail below under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance,” the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks have been integrated into our overall enterprise risk management (“ERM”) efforts.

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Technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts. As part of our information security program, we have implemented a number of tools and procedures designed to identify and remediate vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in our applications and infrastructure, as well as manage access and identities throughout their lifecycles. These tools and procedures are intended to be consistent with ISO and NIST frameworks, In addition, we have implemented an incident response policy that outlines established processes for addressing cybersecurity issues that leverages a cross-functional cybersecurity incident response team and outside advisors intended to allow the Company to take action in a timely and decisive manner in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations during the response, investigation and remediation of a given cybersecurity incident.
Third-party risk managementefforts. In addition to the assessment, identification and management of our own cybersecurity related risks, we also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with certain third-party service providers upon which we rely for a wide variety of technical and business functions. Our efforts in this regard consist of (among other efforts): (i) security assessments to determine whether key third-party service provider information security procedures meet our expectations, (ii) the use of a monitoring service that detects evidence of the compromise of key third-party provider systems, technology and infrastructure, (iii) assessments designed to identify business and technical risks to our systems, technology and infrastructure posed by key third-party service providers and (iv) the development of strategies to determine the potential adverse impact of, and develop mitigation strategies for, any cybersecurity incidents experienced by key third-party service providers on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Education, training and preparedness efforts. Education, training and preparedness are an important part of our information security program. In connection with our education and training efforts, we have developed and implemented a set of Company-wide policies and procedures regarding cybersecurity matters that impose responsibility on our employees through the course of their work to: (i) protect our systems, technology, infrastructure and data from cybersecurity threats, (ii) quickly report known or suspected cybersecurity incidents or other suspicious activity through designated channels and respond effectively to such events and (iii) use Company and personal information technology in a secure manner. In addition, we generally mandate information security training for our employees and our software developers generally receive mandatory additional technical training, each on an annual basis. In connection with our preparedness efforts, we periodically participate in tabletop exercises with the goal of helping management effectively respond to cybersecurity incidents that may occur. We also maintain documented incident response policies to help ensure that our response activities are consistent and appropriate.
Governance. See the disclosure under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance” below.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing Company management’s execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including our approach to cybersecurity risk management. Our board of directors executes this oversight in coordination with our Audit Committee, which pursuant to its charter, assists the Board with risk assessment and risk management policies as they relate to cybersecurity risk exposure (among other risk exposures), as well as part of its regularly scheduled meetings and through discussions with Company management on an as needed basis.
In addition, the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks has been integrated into our ERM efforts. As part of that annual process, cybersecurity risks across our businesses are included in the risk universe that our Executive Risk Committee (consisting of members of Company senior management) evaluates to identify our top enterprise risks and develop related mitigation plans. The cybersecurity and other risks are reviewed during the year through our ERM process and discussed with our Audit Committee at least semi-annually and with our board of directors at least annually.
Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for the development and implementation of our information security program on a Company-wide basis, together with a dedicated team of experienced, Company-wide information security analysts. Our CISO has over twenty-five years of experience leading the development, implementation and oversight of information security programs and members of the information security team have relevant certifications, educational and industry experience.

BluecrewOur CISO is also responsible for reporting on the status of our information security program and related efforts and processes to Company senior management periodically, and to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis. In addition, our CISO reports cybersecurity matters to Company senior management and the Audit Committee on an as-needed basis. At each regularly scheduled meeting of our board of directors, the Chair of our Audit Committee provides quarterly updates regarding significant matters discussed, reviewed, considered and approved by the committee since the last regularly scheduled board meetingVivian Health (including cybersecurity matters, as and if applicable), as well as timely updates outside of quarterly updates on an as needed basis. Lastly, our CISO promptly informs Company management and our Audit Committee of cybersecurity incidents that meet established reporting thresholds or when otherwise determined appropriate, as well as provides ongoing updates regarding such incidents until they have been resolved.

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Cybersecurity Risks
As discussed above and under "Item 1A —Risk Factors—Risk Factors—General Risk Factors," we face a number of cybersecurity risks across our various businesses, and we have experienced threats to and unauthorized intrusions of our systems, technology and infrastructure from time to time. While to our knowledge we have not to date experienced a cybersecurity incident or threat that has materially and adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations, we cannot provide assurances that they will not be materially affected in the future by such incidents.
Item 2.    Properties
IAC believes that the facilities for its management and operations are generally adequate for its current and near-term future needs. IAC’s facilities, most of which are leased by IAC’s businesses in various cities and locations in the United States and various jurisdictions abroad, generally consist of executive and administrative offices, operations centers, data centers and sales offices.
IAC believes that its principal properties, whether owned or leased, are currently adequate for the purposes for which they are used and are suitably maintained for these purposes. IAC does not anticipate any future problems renewing or obtaining suitable leases on commercially reasonable terms for any of its principal businesses. IAC’s nearly 200,000 square foot corporate headquarters in New York, New York houses offices for IAC corporate and various IAC businesses within Angi Inc. and Emerging & Other. In addition, through our Dotdash Meredith financial reporting segment, we own a building in Des Moines, Iowa with approximately 208,000 in square footage that primarily houses offices and production facilities for certain Dotdash Meredith employees.
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings
Overview
In the ordinary course of business, IAC and its subsidiaries are (or may become) parties to litigation involving property, personal injury, contract, intellectual property and other claims, as well as shareholder derivative actions, class action lawsuits and other matters. The Daily Beast, IAC Films, and Newco (an IAC incubator).amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage. The litigation matter described below involves issues or claims that may be of particular interest to IAC's stockholders, regardless of whether such matter may be material to IAC's financial position or operations based upon the standard set forth in the rules of the SEC.
Dotdash Meredith
Overview
Our Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its Digital and Print businesses. Through these businesses, we are one of the largest digital and print publishers in America, with a portfolio of publishing brands that collectively provide inspiring, informative, entertaining and empowering content to millions of consumers each month.
These Digital and Print businesses engage consumers across multiple media platforms and formats, as well as through licensing arrangements and magazines. Dotdash Meredith's portfolio of publishing brands (by vertical, brand and format) is as follows:
Entertainment: PEOPLE (digital and print), Entertainment Weekly (digital) and People en Español (digital);
Lifestyle: allrecipes (digital and print), Better Homes & Gardens (digital and print), Southern Living (digital and print), TRAVEL + LEISURE (digital and print), FOOD & WINE (digital and print), REAL SIMPLE (digital and print), InStyle (digital), EatingWell (digital), The Spruce (digital), Simply Recipes (digital), The Spruce Eats (digital), Martha Stewart (digital), Serious Eats (digital), Lifewire (digital), MAGNOLIA JOURNAL (print), Byrdie (digital), Liquor.com (digital), Shape (digital), The Spruce Pets (digital), ThoughtCo (digital), Midwest Living (digital and print), Brides (digital), Daily Paws (digital), The Spruce Crafts (digital), TripSavvy (digital), Treehugger (digital), Life.com (digital), MyDomaine (digital), CookingLight (print), COASTAL LIVING (digital and print), Hello Giggles (digital), Successful Farming (digital and print), American Patchwork & Quilting (digital and print), WOOD (digital and print) and TRADITIONAL HOME (print); and

Health & Finance (all digital): Verywell Health, Investopedia, Health, Parents, Verywell Mind, Verywell Fit, Verywell Family and The Balance.
Digital
The Digital business delivers digital content through a portfolio of brands that have leadership in those subject areas that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences (including entertainment, food, home, beauty, travel, health, family, luxury and fashion). The Digital business provides original and engaging digital content in a variety of formats, including articles, illustrations, videos and images, working with hundreds of experts in their respective fields (including doctors, chefs and certified financial advisors, among others) to create and produce thousands of pieces of original content that we publish across our portfolio of brands on a monthly basis.
Through the Digital business, we offer a variety of digital advertising products and services, from traditional digital display advertisements and performance marketing arrangements to new advertising products and services developed in response to evolving digital advertising trends, such as D/Cipher. Our D/Cipher product allows advertisers to target users based on intent. For example, when users visit one of Dotdash Meredith’s digital brands, D/Cipher predicts what advertising marketing segments are relevant to the reader, based on their intent, in real time. D/Cipher reaches users on all devices, including Apple (iOS) audiences and can be accessed through premium and programmatic ad channels.
Print
Through the Print business, we are a leading magazine publisher in the United States. The Print business published 17 magazines as of December 31, 2023, as well as more than 400 special interest publications during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Print editorial teams create premium content covering subjects that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences in a format that it believes consumers enjoy for its convenience and thoughtful editorial curation. The majority of the publishing brands and content within the Print business (for example, PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens and Southern Living) is focused on interests related to women and lifestyle. In addition, special interest publications provide in-depth information, education and entertainment on single topics and trends that Dotdash Meredith believes are timely and relevant to consumer audiences (including food, home, entertainment, and health and wellness). Most special interest publications have a high ratio of editorial to advertising content and are premium priced (for consumers) relative to subscription titles (see below).

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The Print business distributes print magazines on a subscription basis (both direct and via agency partners) and through newsstands, with the majority of distribution occurring on a subscription basis. The Print business had approximately 16 million active subscriptions as of December 31, 2023. The majority of Dotdash Meredith subscription publications are issued between four and twelve times annually, with PEOPLE issued weekly. Single copies of subscription and special interest publications are sold through newsstands.
Revenue
Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand and performance marketing revenue.
Digital. Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital display advertisements sold directly by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith brands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Affinity marketing programs partner with third parties to market and place magazine subscriptions online for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publisher titles where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent. Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of content licensing agreements.
Print. Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith magazine subscriptions. Print advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeting advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Newsstand revenue is related to single copy print magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Performance marketing principally consists of affinity marketing revenue, in connection with which Dotdash Meredith partners with traditional customer facing channels (such as brick and mortar retailers and call centers) to place print magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers.
Marketing
The Digital business markets its digital content through a full suite of digital distribution channels, as well as via direct navigation to its various branded websites. The Print business markets its content through a variety of channels, includingdirect mail, search engines, social media, email, websites, affiliate links and third-party partnerships. Dotdash Meredith prefers a subscription-focused distribution approach for print publications because of its belief that this approach fosters long-term, direct relationships with consumers and creates greater monetization opportunities.
Competition
The Digital business is characterized by ever evolving technology, frequent product evolution and changing preferences of consumers, advertisers and marketers. Digital media is intensely competitive, particularly for consumer attention (both attracting and retaining), driving traffic to various Dotdash Meredith Digital brands through search engines (and the display of information from such brands and links to websites offering Dotdash Meredith content within search engine results) and spending from advertisers and marketers. In the case of the Digital business, competitors primarily include diversified multi-platform media companies, other online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories, news aggregators, search engines and social media platforms. Some of these competitors may have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger user bases and/or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than Dotdash Meredith does. As a result, these competitors may have the ability to devote comparatively greater resources to the development and promotion of their digital content, which could result in greater market acceptance of their digital content relative to Dotdash Meredith digital content.
Print publishing is a highly competitive business. Dotdash Meredith Print magazines and related publishing products and services compete primarily with other print magazine publishers, as well as other mass media (online and offline) and many other leisure-time activities. While competition is strong for established print magazine brands, gaining readership for new print magazines and special interest publications is especially competitive.

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We believe that the ability of the Digital and Print businesses to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability to maintain and grow their large reach to American consumers across existing, as well as new and emerging, platforms;
the quality of the content and editorial features in digital content, print magazines and special interest publications;
the ability to continue to maintain and build recognized expertise and authority in the vertical subject areas that Dotdash Meredith believes matter most to consumer audiences, and to continue to create content and experiences that are useful, relevant and entertaining to consumer audiences and reflect their evolving preferences;
the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Digital publishing brands through search engines, including the ability to ensure that information from such brands and related links are displayed prominently in search engine results, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
the ability to continue to build and maintain brand recognition, trust and loyalty across the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands;
the performance and visibility of the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands (primarily across digital platforms) relative to those of its competitors;
the ability to continue to grow and diversify monetization solutions, including advertising, e-commerce and affiliate relationships, performance marketing and other solutions;
the ability to leverage existing proprietary platforms and data to provide consumer audiences with performant and relevant sites and experiences that are respectful (with targeted, limited ads) and privacy and search engine policy compliant;
the ability to maintain and grow relationships with advertisers, which will depend on:
the rates charged for Digital and Print advertising;
the breadth of demographic reach in terms of traffic to our Digital brands and subscriptions and readership in terms of our Print publications;
the ability to consistently provide advertisers and marketers across the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of digital brands and our Print publications with a compelling return on their investments;
in the case of the Digital business only, the continued ability to target audiences (including based on intent, among other ways), including through the continued development of new (and the enhancement of existing) digital advertising products and services in response to evolving digital advertising trends; and
in the case of the Print business only, the circulation levels of print magazines and the profit derived from such circulation;
the ability to grow e-commerce related content and experiences and leverage the Dotdash Meredith portfolio of publishing brands and expertise to result in purchases and transactions and to continue to maintain good relationships with third parties upon which we depend in connection these efforts; and
in the case of the Print business only:
the ability to retain existing subscribers and successfully drive new subscribers to print magazines in a cost-effective manner;
the ability to maintain print advertising rate cards and the number of pages sold by brand and issue;
the prices charged for print magazines; and
the ability to provide quality customer service to advertisers, marketers and subscribers.

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Angi Inc.
Overview
Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) is a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi Inc. platforms. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one of Angi Inc.'s businesses to find a service professional for approximately 23 million projects during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.2% and 98.1%, respectively.
Following the sale of Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing") on November 1, 2023, our Angi Inc. segment has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (Europe and Canada), with the various businesses within those segments operating under multiple brands and the historical results of Roofing reflected in our Emerging & Other segment.
In the United States, through several differentiated experiences, Angi Inc. provides consumers with resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals, matches consumers with independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services and provides consumers with tools to communicate with service professionals and pay for related services. These experiences primarily include: (i) an Ads and Leads experience, where service professionals pay for connections to consumers, and (ii) a Services experience, where consumers make payment through Angi Inc. for a specific job and Angi Inc. assigns that job to a service professional who completes it and receives a portion of the job fee.
Ads and Leads
Overview. This business connects consumers with service professionals for local home services through a nationwide network of service professionals across more than 500 service categories, as well as provides consumers with valuable tools, services (including the ability to book appointments online) and content (including verified reviews of local home service professionals), to help them research, shop and hire for local home services. Consumers can access the nationwide network and related basic tools and services free of charge upon registration, as well as by way of purchased membership packages. This business also sells term-based website, mobile and magazine advertising, as well as provides quoting, invoicing and payment services.
Consumer Services. Consumers can search for a service professional in the nationwide network and/or be matched with a service professional through Angi Inc.'s digital marketplace and certain third-party affiliate platforms. Consumers also have access to related basic tools and services, including ratings, reviews and certain promotions. This includes access to Angi Inc.'s online True Cost Guide, which provides project cost information for more than 400 project types nationwide, and a library of home services-related content consisting primarily of articles about home improvement, repair and maintenance, tools to assist consumers with the research, planning and management of their projects and general advice for working with service professionals.
Matches are made by way of Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm, based on several factors (including the type of services desired, location and the number of service professionals available to fulfill a given request). Depending on the nature of the service request and the path through which it was submitted, consumers are generally matched with a combination of Ads, Leads and Services service professionals.In all cases, service professionals may contact consumers with whom they have been matched directly and consumers can generally review profiles, ratings and reviews of presented service professionals and select the service professional whom they believe best meets their specific needs. Consumers are under no obligation to work with any service professional referred by or found through any Angi Inc. branded or third-party affiliate platforms. Consumers are responsible for booking the service and paying the service professional directly, which can be done by consumers independently.
Consumers can rate service professionals on a one- to five- star rating scale based on a variety of criteria, including overall experience, availability, price, quality, responsiveness, punctuality, professionalism and other criteria, depending on the type of service provided. Ratings on each applicable criterion are weighted across all reviews submitted for the service professional to produce such professional’s overall rating. Consumers can also provide a detailed description of their experiences with service providers. Ratings and reviews cannot be submitted anonymously and there are processes in place to prevent service professionals from reporting on themselves or their competitors, as well as to detect fraudulent or otherwise problematic reviews.


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Service Professional Services. This business also sells term-based website, mobile and magazine advertising to certified service professionals, as well as provides them with a variety of services and tools, including quoting, invoicing and payment services. In order to become a certified service professional in the Angi network, service professionals must satisfy certain criteria. Generally, service professionals with an average consumer rating below a “3” are not eligible for certification. In addition to retaining the requisite member rating, service professionals must validate their home services experience and the owners or principals of businesses affiliated with service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks and attest to applicable state and local licensure requirements. Once eligibility criteria have been satisfied, service professionals can purchase term-based advertising and/or be matched with consumers. If a certified service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria, refuses to participate in Angi Inc.'s complaint resolution process and/or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any Angi Inc. platform, existing advertising and exclusive promotions will be suspended and the related advertising contact may be terminated.
Certified service professionals are sorted preferentially in search results for an applicable category (together with their company name, overall rating, number of reviews, certification badge and basic profile information), with non-certified service professionals appearing below certified service professionals in search results. Certified service professionals can also provide exclusive promotions to members. When consumers choose to be matched with a service professional, Angi Inc.'s proprietary algorithm determines where a given service professional appears within related results.
Service professionals pay fees for consumer matches, at their election, and subscription fees for Leads memberships, which are available for purchase through Angi Inc.'s sales force. The basic annual membership package includes membership in the digital marketplace, as well as access to consumer matches (for which additional fees are generally paid) and a listing in the nationwide network and certain other affiliated directories, among other benefits. In addition to complying with commercial membership terms, once a member of the digital marketplace, service professionals must maintain the requisite customer rating (at least three stars). And if a service professional fails to meet any eligibility criteria during the membership term, refuses to participate in Angi Inc.'s complaint resolution process or engages in what Angi Inc. determines to be prohibited behavior through any Angi Inc. platforms, the service professional may be removed from Angi Inc. platforms.
Services
Overview.Through the Services business, Angi Inc. provides a pre-priced offering, pursuant to which consumers can request services through Angi and Handy branded platforms and pay for such services on the applicable platform directly. When consumers request household services directly through Services platforms, requests are fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services.
Consumer Services. Consumers can submit requests for work to be done on Angi and Handy branded platforms and referrals will be made based on the type of service desired, location and the date and time the consumer wants the service to be provided. In addition, consumers who purchase furniture, electronics, appliances and other home-related items from select third-party retail partners online (and in certain markets, in store) can simultaneously purchase assembly, installation and other related services to be fulfilled by a Services service professional, which services are then paid for by the consumer directly through the applicable third-party retail partner platform.
Service Professional Services. Services service professionals are provided with access to a pool of consumers seeking service professionals and must validate their home services experience, as well as attest to holding the requisite license(s) and maintain an acceptable rating to remain on Services platforms. In addition, owners or principals of businesses affiliated with Services service professionals must pass certain criminal background checks. Access to Services platforms will be revoked for service professionals that repeatedly receive low customer satisfaction ratings.
International (Europe and Canada)
Through the International (Europe and Canada) segment, Angi Inc. also operates several international businesses that connect consumers with home service professionals, including: (i) Travaux, MyHammer and Werkspot, leading home services marketplaces in France, Germany and the Netherlands, respectively, (ii) MyBuilder, one of the leading home services marketplaces in the United Kingdom, (iii) the Austrian operations of MyHammer, (iv) the Italian operations of Werkspot and (v) Homestars, a leading home services marketplace in Canada. Angi Inc. owns controlling interests in Travaux, MyHammer, Werkspot and MyBuilder and wholly owns Homestars. The business models of the international businesses vary by jurisdiction and differ in certain respects from the business models of Angi Inc.’s various domestic businesses.

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Revenue
Ads and Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue, which comprises fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service), revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services.Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered and geographic location of service. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. connects them with a service professional to perform the service. International revenue primarily reflects consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Marketing
Angi Inc. markets its various products and services to consumers primarily through digital marketing (primarily paid and free search engine marketing, display advertising and third-party affiliate agreements), as well as through traditional offline marketing (national television and radio campaigns) and email. Pursuant to third-party affiliate agreements, third parties agree to advertise and promote Angi Inc.’s various products and services (and those of its various service professionals) on their platforms. In exchange for these efforts, these third parties are paid a fixed fee when visitors from their platforms click through and submit a valid service request through Angi Inc. platforms or when visitors submit a valid service request on the affiliate platform and the affiliate transmits the service request to Angi Inc. Angi Inc. also markets its various products and services to consumers through relationships with select third-party retail partners and, to a lesser extent, through partnerships with other contextually related websites and direct mail.
Angi Inc. markets term-based advertising and related products, as well as matching services and digital marketplace membership subscriptions, to service professionals primarily through its sales force. These products and services are also marketed, together with pre-priced offerings and various directories, through paid search engine marketing, digital media advertising and direct relationships with trade associations and manufacturers.
Angi Inc. has made (and we expect that it will continue to make) substantial investments in digital and traditional offline marketing to consumers and service professionals to promote its various products and services and drive visitors to Angi Inc. platforms and service professionals.
Competition
The home services industry is highly competitive and fragmented, and in many important respects, local in nature. In the case of Angi Inc., competitors primarily include: (i) search engines and online directories, (ii) home and/or local services-related platforms, (iii) providers of consumer ratings, reviews and referrals and (iv) various forms of traditional offline advertising (primarily local in nature), including radio, direct marketing campaigns, yellow pages, newspapers and other offline directories. These businesses also compete with local and national retailers of home improvement products that offer or promote installation services. We believe Angi Inc.’s biggest competition comes from the traditional methods most people currently use to find service professionals, which are by word-of-mouth and through referrals.
We believe that the ability of Angi Inc. to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the ability to continue to successfully build and maintain awareness of, and trust and loyalty to, the Angi brand;
the functionality of Angi Inc. websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features and Angi Inc. products and services generally to consumers and service professionals, as well as the continued ability to introduce new products and services that resonate with consumers and service professionals generally;
the ability to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally;
the size, quality, diversity and stability of the network of service professionals and the breadth of online directory listings;
the ability to consistently generate service requests and pre-priced bookings through Angi Inc. platforms that convert into revenue for service professionals in a cost-effective manner;

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the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Angi Inc. brands and platforms through search engines, including the ability to ensure that information from such brands and platforms and related links are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology;
the ability to increasingly engage with consumers directly through Angi Inc. platforms, including various mobile applications (rather than through search engine marketing or via free search engine referrals); and
the quality and consistency of service professional pre-screening processes and ongoing quality control efforts, as well as the reliability, depth and timeliness of customer ratings and reviews.
Search
Overview
Our Search segment consists of Ask Media Group, a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and a Desktop business, which includes direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.
Products, Services and Content
Through Ask Media Group, we provide search services that generally involve the generation and display on a search results page of a set of hyperlinks to web pages deemed relevant to search queries entered by users. In addition to these algorithmic search results, paid listings are also generally displayed in response to search queries. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to an advertiser’s website. Paid listings are generally displayed based on keywords selected by the advertiser and relevancy to the search query. Through certain of Ask Media Group’s various websites, digital content in a variety of formats, primarily articles with images and/or illustrations, as well as more in-depth presentations, is also provided in addition to general search services. Display advertisements and/or native advertising (advertising that matches the look, feel and function of the content alongside which it appears) generally appear alongside digital content.
The Desktop business primarily owns and/or operates a portfolio of legacy (meaning they are no longer actively marketed and distributed to new users) consumer desktop browser applications and websites, as well as certain actively marketed business-to-business partnership operations, that provide users with access to a wide variety of online content, tools and services, including new tab search services and the option of default browser search services.
Revenue
Ask Media Group revenue consists principally of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. Ask Media Group recognizes paid listing revenue when it delivers the user's click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business, Operations and Ownership — Certain of our businesses depend upon arrangements with Google.

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks.Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.
Revenue from our Desktop business largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements.
Marketing
Ask Media Group’s various properties are marketed primarily through the acquisition of traffic from major search engines and their syndication networks, which involves the purchase of keyword-based sponsored listings that link to search results pages of Ask Media Group properties, and other types of display media (primarily banner advertisements).
Ask Media Group content is also marketed through a variety of digital distribution channels, including search engines, social media platforms, display advertising networks and native advertising networks, as well as a number of advertising agencies that acquire traffic via these channels for certain Ask Media Group properties.
Certain search powered desktop applications are marketed to users through the relevant business-to-business partnership.
Competition
In the case of general search services, Ask Media Group’s competitors include major search engines and other destination search websites and search-centric portals that engage in marketing efforts similar to those of Ask Media Group. In the case of content, Ask Media Group’s competitors primarily include online publishers and destination websites with brands in similar vertical content categories and social channels. We believe that Ask Media Group’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon:
the continued ability to monetize search traffic via paid search listings;
the continued ability to market Ask Media Group search websites in a cost-effective manner, which depends, in part, on the ability to continue to obtain quality traffic from valid sources (from real users with genuine interest) in a cost- effective manner;
the relevance and authority of search results, answers and other content displayed on Ask Media Group various properties;
the continued ability to differentiate Ask Media Group search websites (which depends primarily upon its continued ability to deliver quality, authoritative and trustworthy content to users), as well as the ability to attract advertisers to these websites;
the ability to successfully create or acquire content (or the rights thereto) for marketing purposes in a cost-effective manner; and
the ability to monetize content pages with display and other forms of digital advertising.
Emerging & Other
Overview
Emerging & Other primarily includes:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services;
through the completion of the sale of its assets for approximately $160 million on February 15, 2024, Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications;

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Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities;
IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States and internationally; and
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors.
Care.com
Overview. ThroughCare.com, we are a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes, and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com features a portfolio of products and services spanning the entire care journey, including guidance for care options, a marketplace for searching for and connecting with in-home caregivers for a wide range of care options (such as nannies for children or companions for seniors), a directory of out-of-home care options, a Safety Center, care management features and access to care-related content and resources.
Services. Care.com primarily provides online consumer matching and, in some cases, consumer payment solutions for families searching for care and enterprise solutions (Care For Business) for employers seeking to provide care-related benefits to their employees.
Consumer matching solutions. Through free and paid memberships to consumer matching services, Care.com offers a variety of resources designed to help families match with the best care solutions. A free basic membership provides families with the ability to set up an account, post a job, search and review caregiver profiles and receive applications from background-checked caregivers. To engage with caregivers, families must generally upgrade to a paid premium membership, which includes all basic membership features, plus the ability to contact caregivers to schedule interviews, purchase additional background checks, reply to applications and messages from caregivers and access certain promotions and discounts. In addition, where available, families can book caregivers for certain care services directly through the platform for a fee and make electronic payments to caregivers through a related payment solution.
Through consumer matching services, families can match with caregivers (in-home and out-of-home) who meet their diverse and evolving care needs (full-time, part-time, long-term, short-term and occasional at irregular intervals). Matching is facilitated by algorithms designed to highlight relevant caregivers (based on certain job requirements and caregiver activity patterns). In-home caregivers create and post detailed Care.com profiles that may include photos, bios, work histories and reviews, the type of care they primarily provide, their experience, certifications and qualifications, and their availability, hourly rate and payment details, among other information. Before caregivers with Care.com profiles can communicate directly with families seeking care, they must complete a CareCheck background check (conducted by a third-party consumer reporting agency). Care.com also offers families and caregivers the ability to purchase multiple levels of additional background check options through a third-party consumer reporting agency. While Care.com strongly believes that CareCheck and the additional background checks are good safety measures, they have limitations and cannot guarantee the future behavior of any caregiver using Care.com.
Care.com also maintains a Safety Center that provides resources and information designed to help families and caregivers make safer and more informed hiring and job selection decisions, including recommendations for screening, interviewing and ongoing monitoring of caregivers, as well as recommendations to caregivers for avoiding scams. Care.com also encourages members to contact Care.com if they believe another member or caregiver may have violated Care.com's community guidelines.
Out-of-home care-related businesses (such as daycare centers, senior care facilities, tutoring companies, camps and activities) can also market their services through Care.com.

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Consumer tax and payment solutions. Through Care.com, we also offer our HomePay service, a leading payroll and tax product for families who employ nannies, housekeepers or other domestic employees. HomePay is a technology-based, turnkey service that includes automated payroll processing, as well as household employer-related tax filings at the federal, state and local levels for families who are required to treat their caregivers as household employees and such caregivers' wages exceed the annual reportable threshold amount that would require them to make tax filings. Facilitating household employer-related tax filings helps to ensure that families are able to avail themselves of certain tax credits and savings, which can help mitigate care-related costs. Similarly, caregivers who are paid legally can access a variety of benefits, including unemployment insurance and social security benefits (among others). HomePay is available to anyone (not just members of our consumer matching solutions) for a fee.
Enterprise solutions. Care.com also offers Care For Business, a comprehensive suite of care benefits and related services that employers can offer as an employee benefit. Currently, employers can choose from a number of services, including:
consumer matching solutions;
back-up care services (in-home and in-center) for employees who need alternative care arrangements for their child or senior when their regular caregiver is not available (for example, due to a school closure or caregiver illness);
access to consultation and referral services to support a wide array of work-life challenges faced by employees, such as senior care planning services to help employees find the most suitable care option for aging family members, access to mental health experts and resources, tutoring and college prep assistance, lactation support, relocation services and financial guidance and legal services (among other services); and
access to proprietary, members-only discounts on certain nationally recognized brand-name products and services.
Employers generally pay for enterprise solutions on a per employee per year basis and have access to features that allow them to manage employee access and track aggregate usage. Depending on the suite of services selected and employer preferences, employers may subsidize all, a portion or none of the cost of these solutions for employees. Additionally, employers may add services during the term of their contract on an as needed basis to enhance the support they provide to their employees.
Revenue. Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with employers who provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform.
Marketing. Care.com markets its various products and services to families and caregivers through a diverse mix of free and paid offline and online marketing, as well as its sales team. Care.com believes that most families and caregivers currently find Care.com through unpaid marketing channels (primarily through word-of-mouth, referrals and online communities and forums), as well as through search engine marketing (free and paid) and repeat users. Paid direct marketing efforts include offline channels, such as network and cable TV, OTT channels and direct mail, as well as through paid search engine marketing, display advertising, third-party affiliate agreements and select paid job board sites. In addition, Care.com markets its employee-benefit product offerings directly to enterprises through its sales team.
Competition. In the caseof consumer matching solutions, Care.com primarily competes with traditional offline consumer resources for finding caregivers, as well as online job boards and other online care marketplaces, as well as online care-related platforms in vertical categories. We believe Care.com’s biggest competition comes from the traditional offline methods through which most families find caregivers, which are through word-of-mouth, personal referrals and online communities and forums. In the case of HomePay, Care.com primarily competes with similar products offered by providers of online and offline payroll services. Care.com also competes for a share of the overall recruiting and advertising budgets of care-related businesses with traditional, offline media companies and other online marketing providers. In the case of Care For Business, Care.com primarily competes with other providers of employer-sponsored care services and employee benefit products, particularly those that provide back-up child and senior care services.
We believe that Care.com’s ability to compete successfully will depend primarily upon the following factors:
the size, quality, diversity and stability of the families and caregivers on the Care.com platform;

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the functionality and reliability of Care.com websites and mobile applications and the attractiveness of their features (and Care.com’s various products and services) generally to families and caregivers;
the ability to increase the frequency of family and caregiver use of Care.com products and services generally;
the continued ability to innovate and introduce new products and services that resonate with families and caregivers;
the quality, completeness and consistency of caregiver profiles and job postings, as well the reliability of background check and other safety measures and the trustworthiness and reliability of caregivers;
the ability to continue to build and maintain awareness of, and trust in and loyalty to, the Care.com brand;
the ability to continue to expand the enterprise solutions business;
the ability to continue to attract (and increase) traffic to Care.com through search engines, including the ability to ensure that links to Care.com platforms are displayed prominently in free search engine results and that paid search marketing efforts are cost-effective, as well as the ability to respond to changes in the usage and functioning of search engines and the introduction of new technology; and
the ability to continue to expand Care.com businesses in jurisdictions outside of the United States.
Intellectual Property
We rely heavily upon our trademarks, service marks and related domain names and logos to market our brands and to build and maintain brand loyalty and recognition, as well as upon trade secrets, and regard this intellectual property as critical to our success. We also rely, to a lesser extent upon patented and patent-pending proprietary technologies with expiration dates ranging from May 2024 to December 2038.
We have generally registered and continue to apply to register and renew (or secure by contract where appropriate) trademarks and service marks as they are developed and used, and reserve, register and renew domain names as we deem appropriate. We also generally seek to apply for patents or for other similar statutory protections (as and if we deem appropriate) based on then current facts and circumstances and intend to continue to do so in the future.
In addition, in the case of our Digital and Print publishing brands, to build and maintain these brands, we rely heavily on copyright protections for original content that we produce and publish.
We rely on a combination of internal and external controls, including applicable laws, rules and regulations and restrictions with employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others, as well as legal action, to establish, protect and otherwise control our various intellectual property rights.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a variety of domestic and foreign laws and regulations in the U.S. and various jurisdictions abroad involving matters that are important to (or may otherwise impact) our various businesses, such as (among others) broadband internet access, online commerce, privacy and data security, advertising, intermediary liability, consumer protection, taxation, worker classification and securities compliance. These domestic and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are continually evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations (and any amended, proposed or new laws and regulations) are often uncertain, particularly in the Internet industry, and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and over time, which could result in conflicts with our current policies and practices and those of our various businesses.
Because we conduct substantially all of our business on the Internet, we are particularly sensitive to laws and regulations that could adversely impact the popularity or growth in use of the Internet and/or online products and services generally, restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact whether or how we may provide our products and services, regulate the practices of third parties upon which we rely to provide our products and services and/or undermine an open and neutrally administered Internet access.

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For example, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (“Section 230”), which generally provides immunity for website publishers from liability for third-party content appearing on their platforms and the good faith removal of third-party content from their platforms that they may deem obscene or offensive (even if constitutionally protected speech), since its adoption has been (and continues to be) subject to challenges. The immunities conferred by Section 230 could also be narrowed or eliminated through amendment, regulatory action, judicial interpretation or legislative efforts. Any future adverse changes to Section 230 could result in additional compliance costs for us and/or exposure to additional liabilities. In addition, the European Union’s Digital Services Act, which was fully implemented in February 2024, enhances the moderation obligations and potential liabilities of digital platforms. Further, in late 2023, the United Kingdom enacted the Online Safety Bill, which significantly increased responsibilities of online platforms to control illegal or harmful activity and granted broad authority to the communications regulator in the United Kingdom to enforce its provisions.
Because we receive, store and use a substantial amount of information received from or generated by our users and subscribers, we are also impacted by laws and regulations governing privacy, the collection, storage, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal data and data security. Examples of comprehensive regulatory initiatives in the area of privacy and data security include a comprehensive European Union privacy and data protection reform, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR, which applies to certain companies that are organized in the European Union or otherwise provide services to (or monitor) consumers who reside in the European Union, imposes significant penalties (monetary and otherwise) for non-compliance, as well as provides a private right of action for individual claimants. The GDPR will continue to be interpreted by European Union data protection regulators, which may require us to make changes to our business practices and could generate additional risks and liabilities. In addition, enforcement actions brought by data protection regulators in European Union member states continue to rise.
In addition, in July 2023, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Switzerland established certain frameworks to facilitate the transfer of personal data by way of new mechanisms to the U.S. While these frameworks are consistent with applicable local laws, rules and regulations, they and other frameworks for cross-border data transfers continue to face legal challenges.As privacy regulation generally and related legal challenges continue to evolve, we may need to devote more resources towards compliance and/or make changes to our business practices to ensure compliance, which could be costly.
Moreover, while multiple legislative proposals concerning privacy and the protection of user information are being considered at the federal and state level in the U.S., certain U.S. state legislatures have already enacted privacy legislation, one of the strictest and most comprehensive of which is the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, which became effective on January 1, 2020 (the “CCPA”). The CCPA provides data privacy rights for California consumers and restricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products, services and operations. The CCPA also provides consumers with a private right of action for security breaches, as well as provides for statutory damages. In addition, in November 2020, California voters approved Proposition 24 (the “California Privacy Rights Act of 2020”), which amended certain provisions of the CCPA and became fully enforceable on July 1, 2023. The California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 further restricts the ability of certain of our businesses to use personal California user and subscriber information in connection with their various products and services and/or could impose additional operational requirements on such businesses. Many other U.S. states have passed comprehensive privacy legislation that became effective in 2023 or is expected to become effective in 2024, all of which are similar to the CCPA, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020.
As privacy regulation and related legal challenges continue to evolve, we may need to devote increased resources in connection with compliance efforts generally and/or make changes to our business practices, which could be costly. Furthermore, privacy litigation claims related to the sharing of personal information with third parties in connection with advertising efforts are becoming increasingly prevalent and could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") continues to increase its focus on privacy, data sharing and data security practices and we anticipate this focus to continue. If so, we could be subject to various private and governmental claims and actions in this area. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — General Risk Factors — The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.

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As a provider of certain subscription-based products and services, we are also impacted by laws or regulations affecting whether and how our businesses may periodically charge users for membership or subscription renewals. For example, the FTC is currently in the process of amending its Pre-Notification Negative Option Rule to impose additional requirements on the marketing and sale of subscription-based products and services, including double opt-ins for subscription sign-ups, clear and conspicuous disclosure of material subscription terms, a simple cancellation method and an annual renewal reminder. If enacted, the proposed rule may require changes to the manner in which our businesses market subscription-based products and services. Compliance with the proposed rule could be costly and related changes to our platforms and marketing efforts could adversely affect consumer conversion and renewal rates. The proposed rule also expands the ability of the FTC to seek civil penalties and consumer redress for violations. In addition, the European Union Payment Services Directive, which became effective in 2018, could impact the ability of certain of our businesses to efficiently process auto-renewal payments for, as well as offer promotional or differentiated pricing to, users who reside in the European Union. Similar laws exist in the U.S., including the federal Restore Online Shoppers Confidence Act and various U.S. state laws, and legislative and regulatory enactments or amendments are under consideration in a number of U.S. states. The adoption of the proposed rule and/or any other law that adversely affects revenue from subscription-based products and services and/or the manner in which we market and sell such products and services could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in the case of our Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com businesses.
We are also subject to laws, rules and regulations governing the marketing and advertising activities of our various businesses conducted by or through telephone, email, mobile digital devices and the Internet, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the "TCPA"), the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM act and similar state laws, rules and regulations, as well as local laws, rules and regulations and relevant agency guidelines governing background screening.
With respect to the TCPA, we are subject to the December 13, 2023 ruling of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), which requires 1:1 prior express written consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message when using automated technology. The result of this rule is that a business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent. Certain of our businesses, primarily Angi Inc., will be required to make changes to products and services and third-party affiliate relationships to ensure compliance and such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals.”
In addition, we also are subject to various other federal, state, and local laws, rules and regulations focused on consumer protection. These laws, rules and regulations are enforced by governmental entities such as the FTC and state Attorneys General offices and may confer private rights of action on consumers as well.Changes in these laws, or a proceeding of this nature, could have an adverse effect on us due to legal costs, impacts on business operations, diversion of management resources, negative publicity, and other factors.
We are also sensitive to the adoption of new tax laws. The European Commission and several European countries have adopted (or intend to adopt) proposals that impact various aspects of the current tax framework under which certain of our European businesses are taxed, including new types of non-income taxes (including digital services taxes in the United Kingdom and Italy, which are based on a percentage of revenue and tied to where consumers are located). Certain of our businesses are subject to digital services taxes in one or more of the jurisdictions listed above and similar proposed tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, certain U.S. states have adopted or are considering the adoption of similar laws applicable to revenue attributable to digital advertising and other forms of digital commerce.
In addition, primarily in the case of certain businesses within our Angi Inc. segment, we are sensitive to the adoption of worker classification laws, specifically, laws that could effectively require us to change the classification of certain service professionals from independent contractors to employees. The Angi Inc. businesses sensitive to these laws continue to monitor such laws to ensure compliance and if they are required to reclassify service professionals from independent contractors to employees and/or the classification of service professionals as independent contractors is challenged for any reason, we could be exposed to various liabilities and additional costs for prior and future periods, including exposure under federal, state and local tax laws, workers’ compensation and unemployment benefits, minimum and overtime wage laws and other labor and employment laws, as well as potential liability for penalties and interest. If the amounts related to such liabilities and additional costs are significant, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 17 — Contingencies."
Lastly, as a company based in the U.S. with foreign offices in various jurisdictions worldwide, we are subject to a variety of foreign laws governing the foreign operations of its various businesses, as well as U.S. laws that restrict trade and certain practices, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

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Human Capital
Overview
IAC’s future success depends upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain a highly skilled and diverse workforce across our various businesses worldwide. While policies and practices related to the identification, hiring, development, motivation and retention of employees vary across IAC and our various businesses, at their core, such policies and practices are generally designed to: (i) increase long-term IAC stockholder value by attracting, retaining, motivating and rewarding employees with the competence, character, experience, diversity of perspective and ambition necessary to enable the Company to meet its growth objectives, (ii) encourage and support the professional development of, and engender loyalty among, employees who have demonstrated the strength, vision and determination necessary to overcome obstacles and unlock their true professional potential by providing them with appropriate opportunities within IAC and our businesses and (iii) help foster a diverse, inclusive and entrepreneurial culture across our various businesses.
In order to achieve these objectives, we believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and otherwise incentivize employees in unique and attractive ways, as well as develop and promote talent from within and remain committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day.
As of December 31, 2023, IAC had nearly 9,500 employees, substantially all of whom were full-time employees and the substantial majority of whom were based in the United States.
Compensation and Benefits
We believe that we must continue to provide competitive compensation packages and other benefits to our workforce. While compensation packages vary across IAC and our various businesses, compensation packages generally consist of base salary (plus commissions in the case of sales and other similar positions) and, on a discretionary basis, annual cash bonuses (and in certain cases, equity or equity-based awards).
We also provide comprehensive health, welfare and retirement benefits. Healthcare benefits are significantly subsidized by the Company and the coverage provided reflects our commitment to inclusivity and the physical and mental well-being of all employees.
In the case of welfare benefits, we maintain generous paid time off and paid leave policies across our businesses and offer subsidized backup child and elder care for our employees. We believe in giving back to the causes and charities that are important to our employees and match charitable contributions made by our employees to qualifying charities on a dollar-for-dollar basis, subject to an annual cap per employee. We also encourage our employees to support the communities in which they live and work and provide our employees with paid time off each year to volunteer for charitable and community service projects.
In the case of retirement benefits, in the U.S., we offer our employees a 401(k) retirement savings program with generous employer matching contributions, subject to an annual cap per employee. We believe that we have a responsibility to encourage (and contribute to) the retirement readiness of each of our employees and believe that this generous 401(k) retirement savings program matching contribution is a meaningful commitment to the long-term welfare and security of our workforce.
Talent Development
We generally aim to develop talent from within and supplement with external hires. As a result, senior management across the Company and our businesses generally possesses a great depth of knowledge and experience regarding the Company, with external hires providing a fresh perspective. The human resources teams across the Company and our businesses use internal and external resources to recruit highly skilled, talented and diverse employees, and employee referrals for open positions are encouraged.
In addition, we actively seek to identify the next generation of leaders in technology early through the IAC Fellows program, a first-of-its-kind program connecting students from under-served and under-resourced backgrounds with academic and leadership opportunities. IAC Fellows join the program as early as high school and stay for up to six years, rotating across a diverse set of IAC businesses during that time in the form of competitively paid internships that put IAC Fellows in the trenches, testing their skills in real world scenarios. Through these experiences, IAC Fellows gain exposure to different business models, functions and roles within IAC, as well as access to IAC senior leadership as mentors and coaches. IAC Fellows also receive an academic stipend following the completion of each paid internship. For those IAC Fellows hired by IAC or any of its businesses following the completion of their paid internships and who stay for a period of three years, IAC will pay off the entirety of their school loans.

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To be eligible for the IAC Fellows program, applicants must be high-achieving students from historically and systematically underrepresented communities, with first-generation college students being given priority consideration. Students must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. and possess the following personal attributes: (i) leadership abilities, (ii) a strong interest in science, technology, computer science and/or math, (iii) demonstrated intellectual curiosity and devotion to study, (iv) a hunger to learn and achieve academically and (v) ethics, integrity and strength of character.
Lastly, through our charitable foundation, we award scholarships to high-achieving students who have a demonstrable need for financial assistance. Recipients can use scholarships for various college-related expenses, such as tuition, course-related fees, books, supplies and equipment.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We are committed to building inclusive workplaces and workforces that reflect the diversity of the global population using our products and services each day. Accordingly, we view diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) efforts as integral to our success. While DE&I efforts, policies and practices vary across our businesses, they include (in addition to the IAC Fellows program discussed above) at certain of our businesses: (i) pay equity analyses conducted on an annual basis to ensure that women and employees from traditionally under-represented groups are not adversely impacted by pay bias, (ii) employee community resource groups (ERGs) led and supported by senior executives (and in certain cases, funded by the relevant business) and (iii) DE&I councils that collaborate directly with senior executives to roll out DE&I training, as well to determine ways to diversify product and service experiences, attract a more diverse population of employees and invest in building diverse and equitable local communities.
Additional Information
Company Website and Public Filings
The Company maintains a website at www.iac.com. Neither the information on the Company’s website, nor the information on the website of any IAC business, is incorporated by reference into this annual report, or into any other filings with, or into any other information furnished or submitted to, the SEC.
The Company makes available, free of charge through its website, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K (including related amendments) as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with (or furnished to) the SEC. These reports (including related amendments) are also available at the SEC's website, www.sec.gov.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to all of our employees (including IAC’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) and directors and is posted on the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at ir.iac.com under the “Code of Conduct” tab. This code complies with Item 406 of Regulation S-K and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Any changes to this code that affect the provisions required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K (and any waivers of such provisions for IAC’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and directors) will also be disclosed on IAC’s website.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
This annual report on Form 10-K contains “forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to: IAC’s future financial performance, IAC’s business prospects and strategy, anticipated trends and prospects in the industries in which IAC’s businesses operate and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on IAC management's expectations and assumptions about future events as of the date of this annual report, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict.
Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward‑looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, among others, the risk factors set forth below. Other unknown or unpredictable factors that could also adversely affect IAC’s business, financial condition and results of operations may arise from time to time. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward‑looking statements discussed in this annual report may not prove to be accurate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which only reflect the views of IAC management as of the date of this annual report. IAC does not undertake to update these forward‑looking statements.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors Related to Our Business, Operations and Ownership
Marketing efforts designed to drive visitors to our various brands and businesses may not be successful or cost-effective.
Traffic building and conversion initiatives involve considerable expenditures for online and offline advertising and marketing. We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant expenditures for search engine marketing (primarily in the form of the purchase of keywords, which we purchase primarily through Google and, to a lesser extent, Microsoft and Yahoo!), social media advertising and other online display advertising and traditional offline advertising (including television and radio campaigns) in connection with these initiatives, which may not be successful or cost-effective. Also, to continue to reach consumers and users, we will need to continue to identify and devote more of our overall marketing expenditures to newer digital advertising channels (such as online video, social media, streaming, OTT and other digital platforms), as well as target consumers and users via these channels in a cost-effective manner. As these channels continue to evolve relative to traditional channels (such as television), it could continue to be difficult to assess returns on related marketing investments. Historically, we have had to increase advertising and marketing expenditures over time to attract and convert consumers, retain users of our various products and services and sustain our growth.
Our ability to market our brands and businesses on any given property or channel is generally subject to the policies of the relevant third-party seller, publisher (including search engines, web browsers and social media platforms with extraordinarily high levels of traffic and numbers of users) or marketing affiliate. As a result, we cannot be certain that these parties will not limit or prohibit us or our affiliate marketing partners from purchasing certain types of advertising (including the purchase by us of advertising with preferential placement or for certain of our products and services) or using one or more current or prospective marketing channels in the future. If a significant marketing channel took such an action generally, for a significant period of time or on a recurring basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, if we fail to comply with the policies of third-party sellers, publishers and marketing affiliates, our advertisements could be removed without notice or our accounts could be suspended or terminated, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely heavily on free search engine marketing to drive traffic to our properties. The display, including rankings, of search results can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our direct control, and may change frequently. Search engines have made changes in the past to their ranking algorithms, methodologies and design layouts that have reduced the prominence of links to websites offering our products and services and negatively impacted traffic to such websites, and we expect that search engines will continue to make such changes from time to time in the future. However, we may not know how (or otherwise be in a position) to influence actions of this nature taken by search engines. With respect to search results in particular, even when search engines announce the details of their methodologies, their parameters may change from time to time, be poorly defined or be inconsistently interpreted. In addition, if there are changes in the usage and functioning of search engines or decreases in consumer use of search engines, for example, as a result of the continued development of artificial intelligence technology, this could negatively impact our ability to drive traffic to our properties.

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Our failure to respond successfully to rapid and frequent changes in the operating and pricing dynamics of search engines, as well as changing policies and guidelines applicable to keyword advertising and content quality (which may be unilaterally updated by search engines without advance notice) and any other changes in the usage and functioning of search engines (including decreased consumer use of search engines), could adversely affect our paid and free search engine marketing efforts. Specifically, such changes could adversely affect paid listings (both their placement and pricing), as well as the ranking of links to websites offering our products and services within search results, any or all of which could increase our marketing costs (particularly if free traffic is replaced with paid traffic) and adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts overall. In addition, the failure to respond successfully to the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers, as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies, could also adversely affect the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Lastly, in connection with the acquisition of traffic and leads directly from third parties, certain of our businesses also enter into various arrangements with such parties (including advertising and marketing firms) to drive traffic to their various brands and businesses and generate leads, which arrangements are generally more cost-effective than traditional marketing efforts. If these businesses are unable to renew existing (and enter into new) arrangements of this nature, sales and marketing costs as a percentage of revenue would increase over the long-term, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, recent regulatory changes may make it more difficult for these businesses, particularly those within our Angi Inc. segment, to obtain traffic and leads by way of third-party affiliate relationships. See "Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation" and " — Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact our ability to generate leads for service professionals." Lastly, in the case of traffic and leads acquired directly and generated through third-party affiliates, the quality, validity (from real users with genuine interest and, if applicable, otherwise acquired in a manner that complies with contractual obligations in place with paid listings providers or advertisers) and convertibility of such traffic and leads are dependent on many factors, most of which are generally outside of our control. If the quality, validity or convertibility of traffic and leads we acquire directly and/or via third-party affiliates do not meet the expectations of the users of our various products and services, our paid listings providers or advertisers (as well any third parties who may acquire such traffic or leads from our paid listings providers or advertisers), as applicable, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We rely on search engines to drive traffic to our various properties. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services. If links to websites offering our products and services are not displayed prominently in search results, traffic to our properties could decline and our business could be adversely affected.
As discussed above, the amount of traffic we attract through search engines is due in large part to how and where websites offering our products and services (and related information and links to those properties) are displayed on search engine results pages. Certain search engine operators offer products and services that compete directly with our products and services and may change their displays or rankings in order to promote their products or services or the products or services of one or more of our competitors. Any such action could negatively impact the search rankings of links to websites offering our products and services, or the prominence with which such links appear in search results. Our success depends on the ability of links to websites offering our products and services to maintain a prominent position in search results, and in the event operators of search engines promote their own competing products in the future in a manner that has the effect of reducing the prominence or ranking of links to websites offering our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Certain of our businesses depend upon arrangements with Google.
A meaningful portion of our consolidated revenue (and a substantial portion of our net cash from operations that we can freely access) is attributable to a services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, we display and syndicate paid listings provided by Google in response to search queries generated through the businesses within our Search segment. In exchange for making our search traffic available to Google, we receive a share of the revenue generated by the paid listings supplied to us, as well as certain other search related services. Our agreement with Google expires on March 31, 2025.

The amount of revenue we receive from Google depends on a number of factors outside of our control, including the amount Google charges for advertisements, the efficiency of Google’s system in attracting advertisers and serving up paid listings in response to search queries and parameters established by Google regarding the number and placement of paid listings displayed in response to search queries. In addition, Google makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to advertisers) of clicks on paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the amount of revenue we receive. Google also makes judgments about the relative attractiveness (to users) of paid listings from searches performed on our properties and these judgments factor into the number of advertisements that we can purchase. Changes to the amount Google charges advertisers, the efficiency of Google’s paid listings network and the quality of related traffic, Google’s judgment about the relative attractiveness to advertisers of clicks on paid listings from our properties or to the parameters applicable to the display of paid listings generally could result in a decrease in the amount of revenue we receive from Google and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such changes could come about for a number of reasons, including general market conditions, competition or policy and operating decisions made by Google.
Our services agreement with Google also requires that we comply with certain guidelines for the use of Google brands and services, including the Chrome browser and Chrome Web Store. These guidelines govern which of our products and applications may access Google services or be distributed through its Chrome Web Store, and the manner in which Google’s paid listings are displayed within search results across various third-party platforms and products (including our properties). Our services agreement also requires that we establish guidelines to govern certain activities of third parties to whom we syndicate paid listings, including the manner in which these parties drive search traffic to their websites and display paid listings. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice, whether under the services agreement or otherwise, which could in turn require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which could be costly to address or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Noncompliance with Google’s guidelines by us or the third parties to whom we are permitted to syndicate paid listings or through which we secure distribution arrangements for the businesses within our Search financial reporting segment could result in the suspension of some or all Google services to us (or the websites of our third-party partners) and/or the termination of the services agreement by Google. Google has, in the past, made policy changes generally and under the services agreement, which had a negative impact on the historical and expected future results of operations of our Desktop business, as well as suspended services with respect to some of our Desktop products, and may take continued or further action with respect to our products and businesses in the future.
The termination of the services agreement by Google (including the non-renewal of the agreement upon its expiration), the curtailment or worsening of our rights under the agreement, including the failure to allow our products to access Google services (whether pursuant to the terms thereof or otherwise), and/or the failure of Google to perform its obligations under the agreement and/or policy changes implemented by Google under the services agreement or otherwise would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of these events were to occur, we may not be able to find another suitable alternate provider of paid listings (or if an alternate provider were found, the economic and other terms of the agreement and the quality of paid listings may be inferior relative to our arrangements with (and the paid listings supplied by) Google) or otherwise replace the lost revenues.

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Changes in the usage and functioning of search engines related to generative artificial intelligence technology (“GAI”), related disruption to marketing technologies and platforms and use of our content by GAI chatbots could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
GAI-powered chatbots and other tools could change the way people access and consume information, and if they supplant traffic to the websites of our businesses (in particular, the Digital business within our Dotdash Meredith segment), we could experience decreased traffic and advertising revenues, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, GAI has the potential to generate digital content and information and develop digital products and services at a much greater scale and in a more cost-effective manner relative to traditional efforts, which could result in increased competition. The use of GAI could lead to unintended consequences, including generating content that appears correct but is factually inaccurate, misleading or otherwise flawed. Several jurisdictions worldwide have proposed or enacted laws, rules and regulations governing GAI, and compliance with such laws, rules and regulations could be costly. The failure to adopt or otherwise adapt to evolving GAI capabilities could adversely affect our ability to compete generally, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, to the extent GAI chatbots misappropriate or misuse our copyrighted content, the value of this content will be diminished and our ability to invest in new content will be adversely impacted, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, upon the continued migration of certain markets and industries online and the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services as effective alternatives to traditional offline products and services.
Through our various businesses, we provide a variety of online products and services that continue to compete with their traditional offline counterparts. We believe that the continued growth and acceptance of online products and services generally will depend, to a large extent, on the continued growth in commercial use of the Internet (particularly abroad) and the continued migration of traditional offline markets and industries online.
For example, the success of our Angi Inc. businesses and our Care.com business depends, in substantial part, on the continued migration of the home services and care-related services markets, respectively, online. If for any reason these markets do not migrate online as quickly as (or at lower levels than) we expect and consumers and service professionals (and subscribers and caregivers) continue, in large part, to rely on traditional offline efforts to connect with one another, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Lastly, the success of our advertising-supported businesses also depends, in part, on their ability to compete for a share of available advertising expenditures as more traditional offline and emerging media companies continue to enter the online advertising market, the continued growth and acceptance of online advertising generally and their ability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape (for example, in response to the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers and consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies). Any lack of growth in the market for online advertising and/or our inability to successfully adapt to changes in the overall digital advertising landscape could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See also "-Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands."
Our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to develop and monetize versions of our products and services for mobile and other digital devices.
As consumers increasingly access our products and services through mobile and other digital devices, we will need to continue to devote significant time and resources to ensure that our products and services are accessible across these platforms (and multiple platforms generally). If we do not keep pace with evolving online, market and industry trends (including the introduction of new and enhanced digital devices and changes in the preferences and needs of consumers generally), offer new and/or enhanced products and services in response to such trends that resonate with consumers, monetize products and services for mobile and other digital devices as effectively as traditional products and services and/or maintain related systems, technology and infrastructure in an efficient and cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, the success of our mobile and other digital products and services depends on their interoperability with various third-party operating systems, technology, infrastructure and standards, over which we have no control. Any changes to any of these things that compromise the quality or functionality of our mobile and digital products and services could adversely affect their usage levels and/or our ability to attract consumers and advertisers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Advertising revenue represents a significant portion of our consolidated revenue. Accordingly, we are sensitive to general economic events and trends that adversely impact advertising spending levels.
A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is attributable to digital and other advertising, primarily revenue from the businesses within our Dotdash Meredith and Search segments. Accordingly, events and trends that put economic pressure on advertisers and consumers could continue to result in decreased advertising expenditures and related revenues generally, which would continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, demand for advertising is highly dependent upon the strength of the economy in the United States, so any general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, rising interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions, could adversely affect demand for advertising and consumer confidence, and in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as alternative forms of media and entertainment (relative to traditional forms of media) continue to grow, competition for advertising will continue to increase, which could adversely affect demand for (and the effectiveness of) advertising through our various platforms, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the phasing out (or blocking) of third-party cookies by web browsers, as well as consumers increasingly choosing to use browsers that do not support third-party cookies, could also adversely affect our ability to sell advertising and the effectiveness of our marketing efforts at those of our businesses that rely on cookies as a meaningful part of their overall marketing strategy.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of our Digital business to successfully expand the digital reach of our portfolio of publishing brands.
We intend to continue to focus on digital content and advertising across our portfolio of publishing brands, including the deployment of our playbook for building digital lifestyle brands across Dotdash Meredith brands. As a result, we intend to continue to increase our investment in our Digital business. If this focus and increased investment does not generate increased revenue from our Digital business and/or if we otherwise do not successfully execute this strategy generally and/or in a cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our success depends, in substantial part, on our continued ability to market, distribute and monetize our products and services through search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms.
The marketing, distribution and monetization of our products and services depends on our ability to cultivate and maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with search engines, digital app stores, advertising networks and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon. These platforms could decide not to market and distribute some or all of our products and services, change their terms and conditions of use or advertising policies at any time (and without notice), favor their own products and services over our products and services and/or significantly increase their fees. While we expect to maintain cost-effective and otherwise satisfactory relationships with these platforms, no assurances can be provided that we will be able to do so and our inability to do so in the case of one or more of these platforms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In particular, as consumers increasingly access our products and services through applications, we increasingly depend upon the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, Google’s Chrome Web Store, Microsoft Store and Amazon App Store to distribute our mobile applications. The operators of these stores have broad discretion to change their respective terms and conditions applicable to the distribution of our applications, including those relating to privacy and data collection,the amount of (and requirement to pay) certain fees associated with purchases facilitated by such stores through our applications, their ability to interpret their respective terms and conditions in ways that may limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to distribute our applications through such stores, the features we may provide in our products and services, our ability to access information about our subscribers and users that they collect and the manner in which we market in-app products. The operators of these stores could also make changes to their operating systems or payment services that could negatively affect us. No assurances can be provided that the operators of these stores will not interpret their respective terms and conditions in the manner described above and to the extent any of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Revenue from our Print business is declining.
Our Print business generates revenue from various channels, the largest of which are the sale of print magazine subscriptions to consumers and magazine advertising, followed by newsstand sales.The profitability of our print magazine publications (and in turn, our Print business) depends, in substantial part, on our ability to both maintain a profitable audience and sell advertising based on that audience. The industry in which our Print business operates is extremely competitive and such business will continue to face increasing competition from alternative forms of media and entertainment (primarily digital channels). As a result, in 2022 we eliminated the print component of certain of our publishing brands and reduced the circulation of others, which together with continuing trends in the print publishing industry, negatively impacted (and continues to negatively impact) our Print revenue. We continue to expect Print revenue from print magazine subscriptions, advertisers and newsstand sales to decline over the next few years. If we do not offset the decrease in Print magazine subscriptions by increasing subscription prices, our revenue may decline. And if we do not offset reductions in revenue with the implementation of cost-cutting measures and continue to proactively manage this decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Increases in paper and postage prices are difficult to predict and control.
In the case of our Print business, paper and postage represent a significant component of costs. Paper is a commodity and its price can be subject to significant volatility. Paper prices reached all time-highs in early 2023. We rely on multiple third parties to supply us with paper for our print magazines, the largest of which are located in the European Union. Our paper supply contracts currently provide for price adjustments based on prevailing market prices and historically, we have been able to realize favorable paper pricing through volume discounts. Our paper suppliers and/or the paper mills upon which they rely for inventory may experience events outside of their and our control that result in supply chain disruptions (for example, labor force disruptions (strikes and union negotiations) and weather, among other events). The United States Postal Service (the “USPS”) distributes substantially all our subscription magazines and many of our marketing materials. Postal rates are dependent on the operating efficiency of the USPS and on legislative mandates imposed upon the USPS. Although we work with others in the industry and through trade organizations to encourage the USPS to implement efficiencies that will minimize postal rate increases, we have no control over such matters. The current USPS is committed to increasing postal rates, which combined with the impact of volatility in paper prices and paper supply chain disruptions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a single supplier to print our magazines and primarily rely on two wholesalers to distribute our magazines through newsstands.
In the case of our Print business, we produce print magazines in the United States and rely on one supplier (the only one capable of producing such print magazines) to do so. We also rely primarily on two wholesalers, each of which is the only distributor of scale in its respective geographical regions, to distribute the substantial majority of our print magazines to newsstands in the United States. If for any reason, our one supplier fails to deliver our print magazines and/or one or both of the two wholesalers cannot distribute our print magazines to newsstands, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. In this case, we may not be able to move the printing of our print magazines to an alternative supplier and/or the distribution of our print magazines to alternative wholesalers, particularly given the contracting nature of the print magazine market generally (and shrinking wholesaler options). And even if we were to find alternative vendors, the economic and other terms of the arrangements and the quality of the services provided could be inferior relative to the arrangements with our current vendors and/or we may not be able to replace lost revenues. Any transitions in this regard would be costly and time consuming and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our pension plan obligations could increase.
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corp. in December 2021, our Dotdash Meredith business assumed certain pension plan obligations. The two largest of these pension plans are funded plans in the United Kingdom and the United States, both of which are overfunded on a U.S. GAAP basis (see “Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 13 — Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans”). The pension plan in the United Kingdom relates to a business that was sold by Meredith Corporation prior to the acquisition, and as of the date of this annual report, there are no active participants in such plan accruing benefits. This plan has entered into annuity contracts designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants until the annuity contracts are settled. The value of these annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match (in other words, the full benefits have been annuitized). In addition, effective December 31, 2022, the qualified pension plan in the United States terminated and from and after such date, no participants accrued additional service credits under that plan. Following the receipt of a favorable determination letter regarding the termination of the U.S. plan from the Internal Revenue Service, each plan participant will elect to have their benefits satisfied by way of a lump sum cash payment or the purchase of an annuity on the relevant participant's behalf. While the Company does not expect to have to make any contributions to these plans, that could change based upon future events.

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Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. and Care.com to establish and maintain relationships with quality and trustworthy service professionals and caregivers.
We must continue to attract, retain and grow the number of skilled and reliable service professionals who can provide services across Angi Inc. platforms and caregivers who can provide care-related services through the Care.com platform. If we do not offer innovative products and services that resonate with consumers, service professionals, subscribers and caregivers generally, as well as provide service professionals and caregivers with an attractive return on their marketing and advertising investments, the number of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with Angi Inc. and Care.com platforms, respectively, would decrease. Any such decreases would result in smaller and less diverse networks and directories of service professionals and caregivers, and in turn, decreases in service requests, pre-priced bookings and directory searches, as well as subscriber requests for caregivers, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to valuing the skill and reliability of service professionals and caregivers, consumers and families want to work with service professionals and caregivers whom they trust to work in their homes and with their family members and with whom they feel safe. While there are screening processes and certain other safety-related measures in place at these businesses (which generally include certain limited background checks) intended to prevent unsuitable service professionals and caregivers from joining and remaining on our various platforms, these processes have limitations and, even with these safety measures, no assurances can be provided regarding the future behavior of any service provider or caregiver affiliated with our platforms. Inappropriate and/or unlawful service professional and/or caregiver behavior generally (particularly behavior that compromises their trustworthiness and/or of the safety of consumers and families) could result in decreases in service requests and subscriber requests for caregivers and related care services, bad publicity and related damage to our reputation, brands and brand-building efforts and/or actions by governmental and regulatory authorities, criminal proceedings and/or litigation. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on the ability of Angi Inc. to continue to expand pre-priced offerings, while balancing the overall mix of service requests and directory services on Angi Inc. platforms generally.
The Services business within our Angi Inc. segment provides a pre-priced offering, pursuant to which consumers can request services through Services platforms and pay for such services on the applicable platform directly. These service requests are then fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provide such services. Increases in pre-priced offerings (which we expect to be the case over time) could reduce the levels of service professional participation at Angi Inc.'s other businesses, and in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes to certain requirements applicable to certain communications with consumers may adversely impact the ability of our Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals.
In connection with the marketing of our products and services and efforts to generate leads for service professionals, the businesses within our Angi Inc. segment have historically relied on their ability (and the ability of service professionals) to communicate with consumers via phone and text message, in some cases, using automated technology, as have third-party affiliates through which Angi Inc. businesses market their products and services. As discussed in "Item 1-Business-Description of IAC Businesses-Government Regulation," in an effort to reduce robocalls and robotexts, there has been an increased effort by U.S. regulatory authorities and telecommunications carriers to ensure that consumers opt in to receiving certain marketing calls and text messages from businesses. For example, the FCC has adopted an amendment to the express consent requirements of the TCPA to require a 1:1 consent for a business to contact a consumer via phone or text message using automated technology. This means that each business that wishes to contact a consumer for marketing purposes via phone or text message using automated technology must receive its own specific express written consent from the consumer. While the amendment is not yet finalized, as proposed, in the case of our Angi Inc. businesses, it will require revisions to some processes and certain aspects of product experience, as well as to third-party affiliate arrangements. These revisions could result in increased expenses. Further, the increased disclosures and consent requirements under the proposed rule could adversely impact consumer engagement levels and consumer conversion in the case of Angi Inc. products and services, which would decrease leads generated on Angi Inc. platforms, as well as the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to obtain leads through third-party affiliate arrangements, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Independent of the proposed TCPA amendment, phone carriers increasingly dictate rules for obtaining consent from consumers to receive text messages. This may reduce the number of consumers who opt in to receiving both marketing and transactional text messages from Angi Inc. businesses and service professionals, which could further adversely impact the ability of Angi Inc. businesses to generate leads for service professionals and, in turn, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers.
We depend on search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms, in particular, those operated by Google, Apple and Facebook, to market, distribute and monetize our products and services. Our users and subscribers engage with these platforms directly, and in the case of digital app stores, are generally subject to requirements regarding the use of their payment systems for various transactions. As a result, these platforms generally receive personal data about our users and subscribers that we would otherwise receive if we transacted with our users and subscribers directly. Certain of these platforms have restricted (and continue to restrict) our access to personal data about our users and subscribers obtained through their platforms. In addition, the privacy and data collection policies of certain platforms require users to opt-in to sharing their devices’ unique identifiers with our businesses, which allow them to recognize a given device and track related activity across applications and websites, primarily for marketing purposes. If these platforms continue to limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers, our ability to identify, communicate with and market to a meaningful portion of our user and subscriber bases may be adversely impacted. If so, our customer relationship management efforts, our ability to identify, target and reach new segments of our user and subscriber bases and the population generally, the efficiency of our paid marketing efforts, the rates we are able to charge advertisers seeking to reach users and subscribers of our various properties and our ability to develop and implement safety features, policies and procedures for certain of our products and services could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that the search engines, digital app stores and social media platforms upon which we rely will not continue to (or continue to increasingly) limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to access, collect and use personal data about our users and subscribers or that any future platforms upon which we may rely will not do the same. To the extent that any or all of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our ability to engage directly with our users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers on a timely basis is critical to our success.
As consumers increasingly communicate via mobile and other digital devices and messaging and social media apps, email usage (particularly among younger consumers) has declined and we expect this trend to continue. In addition, deliverability and other restrictions could limit or prevent our ability to send emails to users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers. Recently, email providers have tightened their spam thresholds. Exceeding these more stringent spam thresholds could result in some or all of the emails from our various businesses being delayed or blocked, and therefore less likely to be opened. A continued and significant erosion in our ability to engage with users, subscribers, consumers, service professionals and caregivers via email could adversely impact the user experience, engagement levels and conversion rates, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that any alternative means of communication (for example, push notifications and text messaging) will be as effective as email has been historically.

Mr. Diller, certain members of his family and Mr. Levin are able to exercise significant influence over the composition of IAC’s board of directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations.
As of February 9, 2024, Mr. Diller, his spouse (Diane von Furstenberg) and his stepson (Alexander von Furstenberg) collectively held (directly and through certain trusts) shares of Class B common stock and common stock that represented approximately 42.2 % of the total outstanding voting power of IAC (based on the number of shares of Class B and common stock outstanding on February 9, 2024).
As a result of the IAC securities held by these individuals, as of the date of this report, such individuals are (and are expected to continue to be), collectively, in a position to influence (subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law) the composition of IAC’s board of directors and the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval (such as mergers, business combinations and dispositions of assets, among other corporate transactions). These securities are subject to the Voting Agreement described under "Item 1-Business-Equity Ownership and Vote" and as a result of such agreement, as of the date of this report Mr. Levin is (and is expected to continue to be) in a position, subject to IAC’s organizational documents and Delaware law, to influence his election to IAC’s board of directors and the outcome of Contingent Matters (as defined in the Voting Agreement). This concentration of investment and voting power could discourage others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to IAC and its stockholders, which could adversely affect the market price of IAC securities.
In addition, all or a portion of the shares of Class B common stock collectively held by Mr. Diller, his spouse and stepson could be sold to a third party, which could result in the purchaser obtaining significant influence over IAC, the composition of IAC’s board of directors, matters subject to stockholder approval and IAC’s operations, without consideration being paid to holders of shares of our common stock, and without holders of shares of our common stock having a right to consent to the identity of such purchaser. Pursuant to the Voting Agreement, if any of the holders of Class B common stock were to determine to sell shares of Class B common stock to a person other than Mr. Diller, his family members or certain entities controlled by such persons, they have agreed that they will discuss selling such shares to Mr. Levin before selling them to any other party.

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Risk Factors Related to Our Liquidity, Indebtedness and Dilution
Current and future indebtedness could affect our ability to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith, Inc. entered into the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, which provides for: (i) a five year $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (ii) a seven-year Dotdash Meredith $1.25 billion Term Loan B and (iii) a five year $150 million Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. As of December 31, 2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.0 billion, consisting of $315.0 million and $1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, and $500.0 million of ANGI Group Senior Notes.
The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that restrict the ability of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries to take specified actions, including, among other things (and subject to certain exceptions): (i) creating liens, (ii) incurring indebtedness, (iii) making investments and acquisitions, (iv) engaging in mergers, dissolutions and other fundamental changes, (v) making dispositions, (vi) making restricted payments (including dividends and certain prepayments of junior debt, if any), (vii) consummating transactions with affiliates, (viii) entering into sale-leaseback transactions, (ix) placing restrictions on distributions from subsidiaries, and (x) changing its fiscal year. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also contains customary affirmative covenants and events of default. For a description of certain restrictions in effect following the test period ended December 31, 2023, see “Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity Assessment.”
The obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries (other than Dotdash Meredith and its subsidiaries in the case of obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement) guarantee any indebtedness of Dotdash Meredith nor are they subject to any of the covenants related to such indebtedness.
The terms of the Dotdash Meredith indebtedness could:
limit our ability to obtain financings and the ability Dotdash Meredith to obtain additional financings to fund working capital needs, acquisitions, capital expenditures or debt service requirements or for other purposes;
limit our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of our businesses in the event that we need to dedicate a substantial portion of these funds to service Dotdash Meredith indebtedness;
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to compete with other companies who are not as highly leveraged;
restrict us or Dotdash Meredith from making strategic acquisitions, developing properties or exploiting business opportunities;
restrict the way in which we or Dotdash Meredith conduct business;
expose us to potential events of default, which if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results and that of Dotdash Meredith;
increase our and Dotdash Meredith’s vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions or in pricing of our various products and services; and
limit our ability and the ability of Dotdash Meredith to react to changing market conditions in the various industries in which we do business.
We may incur, and subject to restrictions in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith may incur, additional, indebtedness. Any additional indebtedness incurred by us (or Dotdash Meredith in compliance with applicable restrictions) that is significant could increase the risks described above.
For additional information regarding the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement and indebtedness outstanding thereunder, see “Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.
The ability of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. to satisfy scheduled debt obligations under their respective debt agreements will depend upon, among other things:
their future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control;
their future ability to incur indebtedness; and
in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, the future ability to borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility, which will depend on, among other things, the ability of Dotdash Meredith to comply with the covenants governing its existing indebtedness.
Neither Dotdash Meredith nor Angi Inc. may be able to generate sufficient cash flow from their respective operations (and/or, in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, borrow under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility) in amounts sufficient to meet their respective scheduled debt obligations. See also “-We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. and its subsidiaries” below. If so, they could be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or seek additional capital (in the case of Dotdash Meredith only, in a manner that complies with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement). If these efforts do not generate sufficient funds to meet scheduled debt obligations, they would need to seek additional financing and/or negotiate with lenders to restructure or refinance their respective outstanding indebtedness. Their ability to do so would depend on the condition of the capital markets and their respective financial condition at such time. Any such financing, restructuring or refinancing could be on less favorable terms than those of their current respective indebtedness (and if Dotdash Meredith is the borrower, would need to comply with the terms (including certain restrictions and limitations) of such agreement).
Variable rate indebtedness and interest rate swaps subject us to interest rate risk and counterparty risk, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $2.0 billion, consisting of $315.0 million and $1.23 billion under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, respectively, which bear interest at variable rates, and $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate. As of that date, we had borrowing availability of $150 million under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. Borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans A and B are, and any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility will be, at variable interest rates, which exposes us to interest rate risk. To hedge a portion of the interest rate risk in respect of this indebtedness, in March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027, which expose Dotdash Meredith to counterparty credit risk based on the potential default of one or more counterparties.
For details regarding: (i) the variable interest rates applicable to indebtedness outstanding under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023 and how certain increases and decreases in those rates would affect related interest expense as of December 31, 2023 and generally, (ii) the interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and (iii) the fixed interest rates applicable to the ANGI Group Senior Notes and how certain increases and decreases in market rates relative to those rates would affect the fair value of this indebtedness, see “Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We may not freely access the cash of Dotdash Meredith and/or Angi Inc. and their respective subsidiaries.
Our potential sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of certain of our subsidiaries and proceeds from asset sales, including marketable securities. While the ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us depends on their individual operating results and applicable statutory, regulatory or contractual restrictions generally, in the case of Dotdash Meredith, the terms of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement limit the ability of Dotdash Meredith to pay dividends or make distributions, loans or advances to stockholders (including IAC) in certain circumstances. See "Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 7 — Long-Term Debt." In addition, because Angi Inc. is a separate and distinct publicly traded legal entity, Angi Inc. has no obligation to provide us with funds.
You may experience dilution with respect to your investment in IAC, and IAC may experience dilution with respect to its investment in Angi Inc., as a result of compensatory equity awards.
IAC has issued various compensatory equity awards, including stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of IAC common stock, as well as in equity of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries, including Angi Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries.

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The issuance of shares of IAC common stock in settlement of these equity awards could dilute your ownership interest in IAC. Angi Inc. compensatory equity awards that are settled in shares of Class A common stock of Angi Inc. could dilute IAC’s ownership interest in Angi Inc. The dilution of IAC’s ownership stake in Angi Inc. could impact its ability, among other things, to maintain Angi Inc. as part of its consolidated tax group for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to effect a tax-free distribution of its Angi Inc. stake to its stockholders or to maintain control of Angi Inc. As IAC generally has the right to maintain its levels of ownership in Angi Inc. to the extent Angi Inc. issues additional shares of its capital stock in the future pursuant to an investor rights agreement, IAC does not currently intend to allow any of the foregoing to occur. With respect to awards denominated in shares of IAC’s non-publicly traded subsidiaries, IAC estimates the dilutive impact of those awards based on the estimated fair value of those subsidiaries. Those estimates may change from time to time, and the fair value determined in connection with vesting and liquidity events could lead to more or less dilution than reflected in IAC’s diluted earnings per share calculation.
General Risk Factors
Our businesses operate in especially competitive and evolving industries.
The industries in which our brands and businesses operate are competitive, with a consistent and growing stream of new products and entrants. Some of our competitors may enjoy better competitive positions in certain geographical areas, user demographics and/or other key areas that we currently serve or may serve in the future. Generally, our brands and businesses compete with search engine providers and online marketplaces that can market their products and services online in a more prominent and cost-effective manner than we can. We also generally compete with social media platforms with access to large existing pools of potential users and their personal information, which means these platforms can drive visitors to their products and services, as well as better tailor products and service to individual users, at little to no cost relative to those involved with our efforts. Any of these advantages could enable our competitors to offer products and services that are more appealing to consumers than our products and services, respond more quickly and/or cost effectively than we do to evolving market opportunities and trends and/or display their own integrated or related products and services in a more prominent manner than our products and services in search results, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, costs to switch among products and services are generally low to non-existent given that consumers generally have a propensity to try new products and services (and use multiple products and services simultaneously). As a result, we expect the continued emergence of new products and services, competitors and business models in the various industries in which our brands and businesses operate. Our inability to continue to innovate and compete effectively against new products and services, competitors and business models could result in decreases in the size and levels of engagement of our various user and subscriber bases, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are sensitive to general economic events and trends, particularly those that adversely impact consumer confidence and spending behavior, as well as general geopolitical risks.
Events and trends that result in decreased levels of consumer confidence and discretionary spending (for example, a general economic downturn, recessionary concerns, high interest rates and increased inflation, as well as any sudden disruption in business conditions) could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The businesses in our Angi Inc. segment are particularly sensitive to events and trends that could result in consumers delaying or foregoing home services projects (including difficulties obtaining supplies for and financing such projects) and service professionals being less likely to pay for Angi Inc.'s various products and services. Similarly, our Care.com business is particularly sensitive to events and trends that could adversely impact the ability of families to pay for caregiver services. Any such events or trends could adversely impact the number and quality of service professionals and caregivers affiliated with these businesses and/or could adversely impact the reach of (and breadth of services offered through) these businesses, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, given the adverse financial and operational impact we experienced as a result of the coronavirus and measures designed to contain its spread, any future outbreak of a widespread health epidemic or pandemic could adversely impact our ability to conduct ordinary course business activities and employee productivity and increase operating costs.

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Our success depends, in part, on our ability to build, maintain and/or enhance our various brands.
Through our various businesses, we own and operate a number of widely known consumer brands with strong brand appeal and recognition within their respective markets and industries, as well as emerging brands that we are in the process of building. We believe that our success depends, in large part, on our continued ability to maintain and enhance our established brands, as well as build awareness of (and loyalty to) our emerging brands. Events that could adversely impact our brands and brand-building efforts include (among others): product and service quality concerns, consumer complaints or lawsuits, lack of awareness of the policies of our various businesses and/or how they are applied in practice, our failure to respond to consumer, user, service professional and caregiver feedback, ineffective advertising, inappropriate and/or unlawful actions taken by consumers, users, service professionals and caregivers, actions taken by governmental or regulatory authorities, data protection and security breaches and related bad publicity. The occurrence or any of these events could, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to protect our systems, technology and infrastructure from cybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity incidents experienced by third parties could adversely affect us.
We are regularly subjected to attacks by threat actors through the use of botnets, malware or other destructive or disruptive software, distributed denial of service attacks, phishing and attempts to misappropriate user information and account login credentials and intercept payments intended for legitimate third parties, among other similar malicious activities. The incidence of events of this nature (or any combination thereof) is on the rise worldwide. Our efforts to develop and maintain systems, processes and procedures designed to detect and prevent events of this nature from impacting our systems, technology, infrastructure, products, services, payment processes and procedures and users are costly and require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome preventative security measures become more sophisticated. There can be no assurance that the systems we have designed to prevent or limit the effects of cybersecurity incidents will be sufficient to prevent or detect material consequences arising from such incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on our systems if such incidents do occur. Despite these efforts, we could experience significant or material cybersecurity incidents in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any cybersecurity incident or other similar event that we experience could damage our systems, technology and infrastructure or those of our users, prevent us from providing our products and services, compromise the integrity of our products and services, damage our reputation, erode our brands or be costly to remedy, as well as subject us to investigations by regulatory authorities, fines or litigation that could result in liability to third parties. Even if we do not experience such events directly, the impact of any such events experienced by third parties upon which we rely and with which we contract for various products and services could have a similar effect. Cybersecurity incidents or other similar events experienced by third-party service providers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not be adequate to compensate for losses resulting from any such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future. If we (or any third party with which we do business or on which we otherwise rely upon) experience(s) an event of this nature, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If personal, confidential or sensitive user information is breached or otherwise accessed by unauthorized persons, it may be costly to mitigate and our reputation could be harmed.
We receive, process, store and transmit a significant amount of personal, confidential or sensitive user and subscriber information and, in the case of certain of our products and services, enable users and subscribers to share their personal information with each other. Our efforts to develop and maintain systems designed to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of this information may not prevent inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure, and third parties may gain unauthorized access to this information. When such events occur, we may not be able to remedy them, we may be required by law to notify regulators and impacted individuals and it may be costly to mitigate the impact of such events and to develop and implement protections to prevent future events of this nature from occurring. When breaches of security (ours or that of any third party that we engage to store such information) occur, we could face governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions) and the reputation of our brands and business could be harmed, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur, it may not be adequate to compensate for losses resulting from any such events or we may not be able to secure such coverage on commercially reasonable terms in the future.In addition, if any of the search engines, digital app stores or social media platforms through which we market, distribute and monetize our products and services were to experience a breach, third parties could gain unauthorized access to personal data about our users and subscribers, which could indirectly harm the reputation of our brands and business and, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal data could give rise to liabilities and increased costs.
We receive, transmit and store a large volume of personal information and other user and subscriber data in connection with the processing of search queries, the provision of online products and services generally and the display of advertising on our various properties. The manner in which we share, store, use, disclose and protect this information is determined by the respective privacy and data security policies of our various businesses, as well as federal, state and foreign laws and regulations and evolving industry standards and practices, which are changing, and in some cases, inconsistent and conflicting and subject to differing interpretations. In addition, new laws, regulations and industry standards and practices of this nature are proposed and adopted from time to time. For a description of laws, regulations and rules concerning the processing, storage and use of disclosure of personal data, see “Item 1 — Business — Description of IAC Businesses — Government Regulation.”
We may be subject to claims of non-compliance with applicable privacy and data protection laws and regulations that we may not be able to successfully defend or that may result in significant fines and penalties. Moreover, any non-compliance or perceived non-compliance by us (or any third party we engage) or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to (or use or transmission of) personal information could result in a variety of claims against us, including governmental enforcement actions, significant fines, litigation (including consumer class actions), claims of breach of contract and indemnity by third parties and adverse publicity. When such events occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, to the extent multiple U.S. state (and/or European Union member-state) laws continue to be introduced with inconsistent or conflicting standards and there is no federal or European Union regulation to preempt such laws, compliance could be even more difficult to achieve and our potential exposure to the risks discussed above could increase.
Lastly, ongoing compliance with existing (and compliance with future) privacy and data protection laws worldwide is (and we expect that it will continue to be) costly. The devotion of significant expenditures to compliance (versus to the development of products and services) could result in delays in the development of new products and services, us ceasing to provide problematic products and services in existing jurisdictions and us being prevented from introducing products and services in new and existing jurisdictions, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on the integrity, quality, efficiency and scalability of our systems, technology and infrastructure, and those of third parties.
We rely on our systems, technology and infrastructure to perform well on a consistent basis. From time to time in the past, we have experienced (and in the future we may experience) occasional interruptions that make some or all of this framework and related information unavailable or that prevent us from providing products and services; any such interruption could arise for any number of reasons. We also rely on third-party data center service providers and cloud-based, hosted web service providers, as well as third-party computer systems and a variety of communications systems and service providers in connection with the provision of our products and services generally, as well as to facilitate and process certain payment and other transactions with users. We have no control over any of these third parties or their operations and the interruption of any of the services provided by these parties could prevent us from accessing user and subscriber information and providing our products and services. If any third parties upon which we rely cannot adequately or appropriately provide their services or perform their duties and responsibilities due to a cybersecurity incident or other interruption, we may be subject to business disruptions. Any business disruptions could adversely affect us and be costly to remediate, as well as result in user and customer dissatisfaction, reputational damage and/or legal or regulatory proceedings (among other adverse consequences), which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.While we may be entitled to damages if third parties fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award.
Our systems, technology and infrastructure could be damaged or interrupted at any time due to cybersecurity incidents, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, acts of God and other similar events or disruptions. Any event of this nature could prevent us from providing our products and services at all (or result in the provision of our products and services on a delayed or interrupted basis) or result in the loss of critical data. Businesses that we acquire may employ cybersecurity controls or information security policies less robust than ours, which may require us to expend additional resources to integrate acquired systems into our own, and which could expose us to heightened risk.The backup systems that we and the third parties upon whom we rely have in place for certain aspects of our and their respective frameworks may be insufficient for all recovery eventualities. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption. When such damages, interruptions or outages occur, our reputation could be harmed and the competitive positions of our various brands and businesses could be diminished, any or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We also continually work to expand and enhance the efficiency and scalability of our systems, technology and infrastructure to improve the consumer and user experience, accommodate substantial increases in the number of visitors to our various platforms, ensure acceptable load times for our various products and services and keep up with changes in user and subscriber preferences. If we do not continue to do so in a timely and cost-effective manner, user and subscriber experiences and demand across our brands and businesses could be adversely affected, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on our key personnel.
Our future success will depend upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled, diverse and talented individuals worldwide, particularly in the case of senior leadership. Competition for well-qualified employees across IAC and its various businesses has been (and is expected to continue to be) intense, particularly in the case of senior leadership and technology roles, and we must continue to attract new (and retain existing) employees to compete effectively. While we have established programs to attract new (and retain existing) key and other employees, we may not be able to do so in the future. If we fail to retain key and other employees, this could result in the loss of institutional knowledge and the disruption of our day-to-day operations, which could adversely impact the effectiveness of our internal control framework and the ability of IAC and its various businesses to successfully execute long term strategic initiatives and other goals. If we do not ensure the effective transfer of knowledge to successors and smooth transitions (particularly in the case of senior leadership) by way of tailored succession plans across IAC and its various businesses, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C.    Cybersecurity
Overview
We recognize that the safety and security of our systems, technology and infrastructure (and those of key third-party service providers upon which we rely), as well as our content and confidential or sensitive user and employee information, is critical to maintaining the trust and confidence of our users and subscribers, consumers, advertisers and investors (among other stakeholders). As a result, Company management has established programs and related processes designed to manage cybersecurity issues, including the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks, together with related mitigation and recovery efforts. Our board of directors, directly and through our Audit Committee, oversees Company management in the execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including the assessment of the Company’s approach to cybersecurity risk management.
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Overview. Our cybersecurity programs and related processes generally consist of the following key elements: (i) risk assessment and management efforts, (ii) technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts, (iii) third-party risk management efforts, (iv) education, training and preparedness efforts and (v) governance efforts.
Risk assessment and management efforts. We assess, identify and manage cybersecurity risks as part of a comprehensive information security program that is intended to be aligned with standard industry frameworks, such as International Standard for Organization (ISO) 27000 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Framework.
As part of the ongoing refinement of our information security program, we engage (as appropriate) various third-party risk management services to assist with the identification of potential cybersecurity issues, such as those involving software vulnerabilities, configuration errors, data exposure and credential theft (among others), as well as consult with external legal counsel, third-party experts and other advisors to assist with incident response and recovery efforts, forensic investigations, extortion negotiations and crisis management or readiness for the same. We also maintain a cyber insurance policy to help manage, in part, costs associated with significant cybersecurity incidents that may occur.
In addition, as discussed in more detail below under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance,” the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks have been integrated into our overall enterprise risk management (“ERM”) efforts.

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Technical safeguards and incident response and recovery efforts. As part of our information security program, we have implemented a number of tools and procedures designed to identify and remediate vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in our applications and infrastructure, as well as manage access and identities throughout their lifecycles. These tools and procedures are intended to be consistent with ISO and NIST frameworks, In addition, we have implemented an incident response policy that outlines established processes for addressing cybersecurity issues that leverages a cross-functional cybersecurity incident response team and outside advisors intended to allow the Company to take action in a timely and decisive manner in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations during the response, investigation and remediation of a given cybersecurity incident.
Third-party risk managementefforts. In addition to the assessment, identification and management of our own cybersecurity related risks, we also consider and evaluate cybersecurity risks associated with certain third-party service providers upon which we rely for a wide variety of technical and business functions. Our efforts in this regard consist of (among other efforts): (i) security assessments to determine whether key third-party service provider information security procedures meet our expectations, (ii) the use of a monitoring service that detects evidence of the compromise of key third-party provider systems, technology and infrastructure, (iii) assessments designed to identify business and technical risks to our systems, technology and infrastructure posed by key third-party service providers and (iv) the development of strategies to determine the potential adverse impact of, and develop mitigation strategies for, any cybersecurity incidents experienced by key third-party service providers on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Education, training and preparedness efforts. Education, training and preparedness are an important part of our information security program. In connection with our education and training efforts, we have developed and implemented a set of Company-wide policies and procedures regarding cybersecurity matters that impose responsibility on our employees through the course of their work to: (i) protect our systems, technology, infrastructure and data from cybersecurity threats, (ii) quickly report known or suspected cybersecurity incidents or other suspicious activity through designated channels and respond effectively to such events and (iii) use Company and personal information technology in a secure manner. In addition, we generally mandate information security training for our employees and our software developers generally receive mandatory additional technical training, each on an annual basis. In connection with our preparedness efforts, we periodically participate in tabletop exercises with the goal of helping management effectively respond to cybersecurity incidents that may occur. We also maintain documented incident response policies to help ensure that our response activities are consistent and appropriate.
Governance. See the disclosure under the caption “Cybersecurity Governance” below.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing Company management’s execution of its cybersecurity responsibilities, including our approach to cybersecurity risk management. Our board of directors executes this oversight in coordination with our Audit Committee, which pursuant to its charter, assists the Board with risk assessment and risk management policies as they relate to cybersecurity risk exposure (among other risk exposures), as well as part of its regularly scheduled meetings and through discussions with Company management on an as needed basis.
In addition, the assessment, identification and management of cybersecurity risks has been integrated into our ERM efforts. As part of that annual process, cybersecurity risks across our businesses are included in the risk universe that our Executive Risk Committee (consisting of members of Company senior management) evaluates to identify our top enterprise risks and develop related mitigation plans. The cybersecurity and other risks are reviewed during the year through our ERM process and discussed with our Audit Committee at least semi-annually and with our board of directors at least annually.
Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for the development and implementation of our information security program on a Company-wide basis, together with a dedicated team of experienced, Company-wide information security analysts. Our CISO has over twenty-five years of experience leading the development, implementation and oversight of information security programs and members of the information security team have relevant certifications, educational and industry experience.

Our CISO is also responsible for reporting on the status of our information security program and related efforts and processes to Company senior management periodically, and to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis. In addition, our CISO reports cybersecurity matters to Company senior management and the Audit Committee on an as-needed basis. At each regularly scheduled meeting of our board of directors, the Chair of our Audit Committee provides quarterly updates regarding significant matters discussed, reviewed, considered and approved by the committee since the last regularly scheduled board meeting (including cybersecurity matters, as and if applicable), as well as timely updates outside of quarterly updates on an as needed basis. Lastly, our CISO promptly informs Company management and our Audit Committee of cybersecurity incidents that meet established reporting thresholds or when otherwise determined appropriate, as well as provides ongoing updates regarding such incidents until they have been resolved.

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Cybersecurity Risks
As discussed above and under "Item 1A —Risk Factors—Risk Factors—General Risk Factors," we face a number of cybersecurity risks across our various businesses, and we have experienced threats to and unauthorized intrusions of our systems, technology and infrastructure from time to time. While to our knowledge we have not to date experienced a cybersecurity incident or threat that has materially and adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations, we cannot provide assurances that they will not be materially affected in the future by such incidents.
Item 2.    Properties
IAC believes that the facilities for its management and operations are generally adequate for its current and near-term future needs. IAC’s facilities, most of which are leased by IAC’s businesses in various cities and locations in the United States and various jurisdictions abroad, generally consist of executive and administrative offices, operations centers, data centers and sales offices.
IAC believes that its principal properties, whether owned or leased, are currently adequate for the purposes for which they are used and are suitably maintained for these purposes. IAC does not anticipate any future problems renewing or obtaining suitable leases on commercially reasonable terms for any of its principal businesses. IAC’s nearly 200,000 square foot corporate headquarters in New York, New York houses offices for IAC corporate and various IAC businesses within Angi Inc. and Emerging & Other. In addition, through our Dotdash Meredith financial reporting segment, we own a building in Des Moines, Iowa with approximately 208,000 in square footage that primarily houses offices and production facilities for certain Dotdash Meredith employees.
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings
Overview
In the ordinary course of business, IAC and its subsidiaries are (or may become) parties to litigation involving property, personal injury, contract, intellectual property and other claims, as well as shareholder derivative actions, class action lawsuits and other matters. The amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage. The litigation matter described below involves issues or claims that may be of particular interest to IAC's stockholders, regardless of whether such matter may be material to IAC's financial position or operations based upon the standard set forth in the rules of the SEC.
Shareholder Litigation Arising Out of the MTCH Separation
On June 24, 2020, a shareholder class action and derivative lawsuit was filed in Delaware state court against then
IAC/InterActiveCorp (now Match Group, Inc.), then IAC Holdings, Inc. (subsequently renamed IAC/InterActiveCorp and now known as IAC Inc.), IAC's Chairman and Senior Executive, Barry Diller, former Match Group (as a nominal defendant only), and the ten members of former Match Group's board of directors at the time of the separation of the Match Group business from then IAC/InterActiveCorp (the "MTCH Separation"), challenging, on behalf of a putative class of then Match Group public shareholders, the agreed-upon terms of the MTCH Separation.
SeeDavid Newman v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al.,No. 2020-0505 (Delaware Chancery Court). The gravamen of the complaint is that the terms of the MTCH Separation are unfair to former Match Group public shareholders and unduly beneficial to IAC as a result of undue influence by IAC and Mr. Diller over the then Match Group directors who unanimously approved the transaction. The complaint asserted direct and derivative claims for: (i) breach of fiduciary duty against IAC and Mr. Diller as former controlling shareholders of Match Group, (ii) breach of fiduciary duty against the Match Group directors who unanimously approved the MTCH Separation, (iii) breach of contract (i.e., a provision of former Match Group's charter), (iv) breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and (v) tortious interference with contract against IAC. The complaint sought various declarations and damages in an unspecified amount.
On September 24, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint. On January 8, 2021, instead of responding to the motions to dismiss, the plaintiff, joined by another plaintiff, Boilermakers National Annuity Trust, filed an amended complaint. In addition, on January 7, 2021, another complaint challenging the MTCH Separation was filed against substantially the same defendants in the same court. See Construction Industry & Laborers Joint Pension Trust for Southern Nevada Plan A v. IAC/InterActiveCorp et al. (Delaware Chancery Court). The two cases have been consolidated under the caption In re Match Group, Inc. Derivative Litigation,No. 2020-0505. On March 15, 2021, the court issued an order appointing Construction Industry and Laborers Joint Pension Trust for Southern Nevada Plan A as lead plaintiff in the litigation and directing it to file a consolidated complaint by April 14, 2021, and on that date the lead plaintiff filed the consolidated complaint.

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On June 22, 2021, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint. On September 3, 2021, instead of responding to the motions, the plaintiffs filed motions to add City of Hallandale Beach Police Officers’ and Firefighters’ Personnel Retirement Trust as a co-lead plaintiff and to amend and supplement the consolidated complaint, which latter motion the defendants opposed. On October 27, 2021, the court issued an order granting the motions. On November 2, 2021, the plaintiffs filed an amended and supplemented consolidated complaint.
On December 10, 2021, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended and supplemented consolidated complaint, which the plaintiffs opposed. On September 1, 2022, the court issued an opinion and order granting the defendants' motions to dismiss the complaint with prejudice. On October 3, 2022, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Delaware Supreme Court from the Chancery Court's order of dismissal. On May 3, 2023, the Delaware Supreme Court heard oral argument on the plaintiffs’ appeal. On May 30, 2023, the court issued an order directing the parties to submit supplemental briefing on the correct legal standard governing judicial review of the MTCH Separation, namely whether review under the more deferential business-judgment rule is triggered when such a transaction has been approved by either a committee of independent directors or a majority vote of the minority stockholders. Supplemental briefing was completed on September 29, 2023. On December 13, 2023, the court heard further oral argument from the parties; the appeal remains pending.
IAC believes that the allegations in this litigation are without merit and will continue to defend vigorously against them.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
IAC common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbol “IAC.” There is no established public trading market for IAC Class B common stock.
As of February 9, 2024, there were approximately 800 holders of record of IAC common stock and four holders of record of IAC Class B common stock. Because the substantial majority of the outstanding shares of IAC common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, IAC is not able to estimate the total number of beneficial holders represented by these record holders.
Dividends
We do not currently expect that any cash or other dividends will be paid to holders of IAC common stock or Class B common stock in the near future. Any future cash dividend or other dividend declarations are subject to the determination of IAC’s board of directors.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue or sell any shares of IAC common stock or other equity securities pursuant to unregistered transactions.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not purchase any shares of IAC common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. As of that date, 3,686,692 shares of IAC common stock remained available for repurchase under our previously announced June 2020 repurchase authorization. We may repurchase shares of IAC common stock pursuant to this repurchase authorization over an indefinite period of time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, depending on those factors IAC management deems relevant at any particular time, including (without limitation) market conditions, share price and future outlook.
Item 6.    Reserved


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Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Acquisition of Meredith:
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Media Inc. (referred to herein as "Dotdash"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of IAC Inc. (referred to herein as "IAC" or the "Company"), completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"), the former subsidiary of Meredith Corporation, comprising its digital and magazine businesses and its corporate operations. The parent of the combined entity is Dotdash Meredith, Inc. ("Dotdash Meredith").
Vimeo Spin-off:
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the spin-off of its full stake in Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) to IAC shareholders (which we refer to as the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021.
Defined Terms and Operating Metrics:
Unless otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, certain terms used in this annual report, which include the principal operating metrics we use in managing our business, are defined below:
IAC Businesses (for additional information see "Note 10—Segment Information" to the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"):
DotdashMeredith - one of the largest digital and print publishers in America. Nearly 200 million people trust us to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, allrecipes, Byrdie, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living. Dotdash Meredith has two operating segments: (i) Digital, which includes its digital, mobile and licensing operations; and (ii) Print, which includes its magazine subscription and newsstand operations;
Angi Inc. - a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. On November 1, 2023, Angi Inc. completed the sale of 100% of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing"), and has reflected it as a discontinued operation in its standalone financial statements. Roofing does not meet the threshold to be reflected as a discontinued operation at the IAC level. During the fourth quarter of 2023, IAC moved Roofing to Emerging & Other and prior period financial information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. Following IAC's move of Roofing to Emerging & Other, Angi Inc. has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (includes Europe and Canada). At December 31, 2023, the Company’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.2% and 98.1%, respectively;
Search - consists of Ask Media Group, a collection of websites providing general search services and information, and Desktop, which includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations; and
Emerging & Other - consists of:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises, and HomePay;

Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group has a portfolio of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall, Trapcall), Language (iTranslate, Speak & Translate), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero) and Lifestyle(Blossom, Pixomatic);

Roofing (previously included within the Angi Inc. segment), a provider of roof replacement and repair services, for periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023; and

Vivian Health, IAC Films, The Daily Beast and, for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022, Bluecrew.

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Dotdash Meredith
Digital Revenue -consists principally of display includes advertising revenue, performance marketing revenue and licensing and other revenue.
Dotdash Display Advertising Revenue revenue- primarily includes revenue generated from display advertisements sold both directly through our sales team and via programmatic exchanges.
Dotdash Performance Marketing Revenue marketing revenue- primarily includes revenue generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing channels and performance marketing commissionscommissions. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when consumers are directed from our propertiesDotdash Meredith refers users to third-party service providers. Affiliate commerce commissions are generated when a consumer completespartner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Affinity marketing programs market and place magazine subscriptions for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publisher titles. Performance marketing commissions are generated on a cost-per-click or cost-per-action basis.
Licensing and Other revenue - primarily includes revenue generated through brand and content licensing agreements. Brand licensing generates royalties from multiple long-term trademark licensing agreements with retailers, manufacturers, publishers and service providers. Content licensing royalties are earned from our relationship with Apple News + as well as other content distribution relationships.
Print Revenue - primarily includes subscription, advertising, newsstand advertising, and performance marketing revenue.
Total Sessions - represents unique visits to all sites that are part of Dotdash Meredith's network and sourced from Google Analytics.
Core Sessions - represents a subset of Total Sessions that comprises unique visits to Dotdash Meredith's most significant (in terms of investment) owned and operated sites as follows:
PEOPLEInStyleSimply Recipes
allrecipesFOOD & WINESerious Eats
InvestopediaMartha StewartEatingWell
Better Homes & GardensByrdieParents
Verywell HealthREAL SIMPLEVerywell Mind
The SpruceSouthern LivingHealth
TRAVEL + LEISURE
Angi Inc.
Angi Ads and Leads Revenue - primarily reflects domestic ads and leads revenue, including consumer connection revenue for consumer matches, revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Angi Services Revenue - primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer purchasesrequests services directly fromthrough an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. engagesconnects them with a service professional to perform the service and includes revenue from Total Home Roofing, Inc. ("Angi Roofing"), which was acquired on July 1, 2021.service.
Angi International Revenue- primarily reflects revenue generated within the International segment (consisting of businesses in Europe and Canada), including consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.

Service Requests ("Service Requests") - are (i) fully completed and submitted domestic customer service requests for connections with Ads and includes AngiLeads service professionals, (ii) contacts to Ads and Leads service professionals generated via the service professional directory from unique users in unique categories (such that multiple contacts from the same user in the same category in the same day are counted as one Service Request) and (iii) requests to book Services requestsjobs in the period.

Monetized Transactions - are (i) Service Requests that are matched to a paying Ads and Leads service professional in the period and (ii) completed and in-process Services jobs in the period; a single Service Request can result in multiple monetized transactions.


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Transacting Service Professionals ("Transacting SPs") - are the number of (i) Ads and Leads service professionals that paid for consumer matches or advertising and (ii) Services service professionals that performed a Services job, during the most recent quarter.
Operating Costs and Expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation) - consists primarily of traffic acquisition costs, which includesinclude (i) payments made to partners who direct traffic to our Ask Media Group websites and who distribute our business-to-business customized browser-based applications and who integrate our paid listings into their websites and (ii) the amortization of fees paid to Apple and Google related to the distribution of apps and the facilitation of in-app purchases of product features.purchases. Traffic acquisition costs include payment of amounts based on revenue share and other arrangements. Cost of revenue also includes payments made to independent third-party service professionals who perform work contracted under Angi Services arrangements,production, distribution and editorial costs at Dotdash Meredith, compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs, content costs, roofing material and third-party contactor costs associated with Roofing arrangements for Care.com customer care and support functions, production, distribution and editorial costs at Dotdash Meredith,periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, hosting fees, credit card processing fees, payments made to workers staffed by Bluecrew,independent third-party service professionals who performed work contracted under Services arrangements that were entered into prior to January 1, 2023 and the change to net revenue reporting described below and payments made to care providers for Care For Business, credit card processing fees, hosting fees, roofing material costs associated with Angi Roofing, content costs, and production costs related to IAC Films.Business.
Selling and marketing expense - consists primarily of advertising expenditures, which include online marketing expenditures, including throughfees paid to search engines, and social media sites, fees paid to third parties that distribute our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications, offlineother online marketing which is primarily television advertising,platforms, app platforms and partner-related payments to those who direct traffic to the brands within our Angi Inc. segment, andoffline marketing expenditures, which primarily consists of costs related to television advertising, compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs for sales force and marketing personnel, subscription acquisition costs related to Dotdash Meredith, and outsourced personnel and consulting costs.costs and service guarantee expense at Angi Inc.

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General and administrative expense - consists primarily of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in executive management, finance, legal, tax, human resources and customer service functions (except for Care.com, which includes customer service costs within "Cost of revenue" in the statement of operations), provision for credit losses,rent expense and facilities cost, fees for professional services (including transaction-related costs related to the MTCH Separation, the Spin-off,acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith") and other acquisitions), provision for credit losses, software license and maintenance costs rent expense and facilities cost, and acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments (described below). The customer service function at Angi Inc. includes personnel who provide support to its service professionals and consumers.
Product development expense - consists primarily of compensation expense (including stock-based compensation expense) and other employee-related costs and third-party contractor costs that are not capitalized for personnel engaged in the design, development, testing and enhancement of product offerings and related technology and software license and maintenance costs.
Acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments - relate to the portion of the purchase price of certain acquisitions that is contingent upon the financial performance and/or operating metric targets of the acquired company. The fair value of the liability is estimated at the date of acquisition and adjusted each reporting period until the liability is settled. Significant changes in financial performance and/or operating metrics will result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The changesChanges in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements are recognized during each reporting period including the accretion of the discount if the arrangement is longer than one year, are recognized in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations.
Long-term debt (for additional information see "Note 8—7Long-term Debt" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"):
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A - due December 1, 2026. TheAt December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding balance of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A is $350.0was $315.0 million at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan Aand $332.5 million, respectively, and bore interest at an adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") plus 2.00%2.25%, or 2.15%7.69% and 5.91%, andrespectively. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A has quarterly principal payments.
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B - due December 1, 2028. TheAt December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding balance of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B is $1.25was $1.23 billion at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan Band $1.24 billion, respectively, and bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 4.50%9.44% and 8.22%, andrespectively. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B has quarterly principal payments.

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Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility - Dotdash Meredith's $150 million revolving credit facility expires on December 1, 2026. ThereAt December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility at December 31, 2021.Facility.
ANGI Group Senior Notes - on August 20, 2020, ANGI Group, LLC ("ANGI Group"), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Angi Inc., issued $500$500.0 million of its 3.875% Senior Notes due August 15, 2028, with interest payable February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing February 15, 2021.year.
Non-GAAP financial measure:
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") - is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Principles of Financial Reporting" for the definition of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders to operating loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 20212023, 2022 and 2020.2021.
MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
IAC today is comprised of Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com, as well as a number of other businesses ranging from early stage to established.
As used herein, "IAC," the "Company," "we," "our" or "us" and similar terms refer to IAC/InterActiveCorp and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).

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For a more detailed description of the Company's operating businesses, see "Description of IAC Businesses" included in "Item 1—Business."
As used herein, "IAC," the "Company," "we," "our" or "us" and similar terms refer to IAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).
Sources of Revenue
Dotdash Meredith

Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of display advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand print advertising, and performance marketing revenue.

Display advertisingDigital

Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital display advertisements sold directly by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and through programmatic advertising networks. Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith refers usersbrands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction, or generated on a cost-per-click, cost-per-lead, or some other cost-per-action basis.transaction. Affinity marketing programs partner with third partiesare arrangements where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent for both Dotdash Meredith and the third-party publishers to market and place magazine subscriptions online for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publisher titles where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent.online. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed.publisher. Licensing and other revenue primarily includes revenue generated through brand and content licensing agreements. Brand licensing generates royalties from multiple long-term trademark licensing agreements with retailers, manufacturers, publishers, and service providers.

Print subscription

Subscription revenue is derived fromrelates to the sale of magazines and books to consumers.Dotdash Meredith's magazines. Most of Dotdash Meredith's subscription sales are prepaid at the time of order and may be canceled at any time for a refund of the pro rata portion of the initial subscription. Advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Revenue is recognized on the magazine issue’s on-sale date, which is the date the magazine is published. Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeted advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Newsstand revenue is related to single copy magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from Dotdash Meredith for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Print advertisingPerformance marketing revenue relatesprincipally consists of affinity marketing revenue through which Dotdash Meredith places magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies, whichpublisher and any free trial period is recognized when the magazine issue is published, which is the issue’s on-sale date.completed.


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Angi Inc.

Ads and Leads Revenue is primarily derived from (i) advertising revenue which includes revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, (ii) consumer connection revenue, which is comprised ofcomprises fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service), and (iii)revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.consumers and revenue from other services. Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors including the service requested, product experience offered, and geographic location of service. Angi Services revenue is primarily comprised ofreflects domestic revenue from jobs (i) sourcedpre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. engages a service professional to perform the “Book Now” feature, which lets consumers complete booking the entire transaction digitallyservice. International revenue primarily comprises consumer connection revenue for work that is completed physically, (ii) under managed projects (including Angi Roofing), which are home improvement projects,consumer matches and (iii) through retail partnerships for installation of furniture or other household items.membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.

From January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, Services recorded revenue on a gross basis. Effective January 1, 2023, Angi Inc. modified the Services terms and conditions so that the service professional, rather than Angi Inc., has the contractual relationship with the consumer to deliver the service and Angi Inc.'s performance obligation to the consumer is to connect them with the service professional. This change in contractual terms requires revenue to be reported as the net amount of what is received from the consumer after deducting the amounts owed to the service professional providing the service effective for all arrangements entered into after December 31, 2022. There is no impact to operating loss or Adjusted EBITDA from this change in revenue recognition. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, if Services revenue were recorded on a net basis, revenue would have been reduced by $242.6 million and $180.7 million, respectively.

Search
The Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and the Desktop business. Ask Media Group and Desktop revenue consist principally of advertising revenue, which is generated primarily through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google Inc. ("Google") pursuant to our services agreement with Google, described below under "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")in more detail in "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Ask Media Group also earns revenue from display advertisements (sold directly and through programmatic advertising networks). Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements.
Emerging & Other
Included in thewithin Emerging & Other segment are Care.com, Mosaic Group and Mosaic Group.Roofing. Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers tofor its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with corporate employers who provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform. Mosaic Group revenue consists primarily of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and fees received directly tofrom consumers, as well as display advertisements. For periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, Roofing revenue primarily consisted of revenue from the roof replacement business offering by which the consumer purchased services directly from the Roofing business and Roofing then engaged a service professional to perform the service. Revenue for the remaining businesses within the Emerging & Other segment is generated primarily through marketplace services, advertising, media production and distribution and subscriptions.

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Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")
A meaningful portion of the Company's revenue (and a substantial portion of IAC’s net cash from operating activities attributable to continuing operations that it can freely access) is attributable to the Services Agreement. In addition, the Company earns certain other advertising revenue from Google that is not attributable to the Services Agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, total revenue earned from Google was $755.1 million, $556.1 million and $732.1 million, respectively, representing 20%, 20%, and 29%, respectively, of the Company's revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $89.1 million and $61.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The total revenue earned from the Services Agreement for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, was $661.3 million, $498.3 million and $677.0 million, respectively, representing 18%, 18% and 27%, respectively, of the Company's revenue.
The revenue attributable to the Services Agreement is earned by Ask Media Group and the Desktop business, both within the Search segment. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, revenue earned from the Services Agreement was $542.1 million, $344.8 million and $385.9 million, respectively, within Ask Media Group, and $119.1 million, $153.5 million and $291.1 million, respectively, within the Desktop business.
Effective August 1, 2021, the Company and Google are parties to an amended the Services Agreement, to extend the expiration date fromwhich automatically renewed effective March 31, 2023 toand now expires on March 31, 2024 and to provide for an automatic renewal for an additional one year period absent2025.
As a noticeresult of non-renewal from either party on or before March 31, 2023. The Company believes that the amended agreement, taken as a whole, is comparable to its previously existing agreement with Google. The Services Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain guidelines promulgated by Google. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice. These updates may be specific to the Services Agreement or could be more general and thereby impact the Company as well as other companies. These policy and guideline updates have in the past and could in the future require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which have been and could be costly to address or negatively impact revenue and have had and in the future could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As described below, Google has made changes to the policies under the Services Agreement and has also made industry-wide changes that have negatively impacted the Desktop business-to-consumer ("B2C") business and it may do so in the future.
Certain industry-wide policy changes became effective on July 1, 2019 and August 27, 2020. These industry-wide changes combined with increased enforcement by Google of policies under the Services Agreement have had a negative impact on the results of operations of the B2C business. During the year ended December 31, 2020,in prior periods, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Desktop reporting unit and the related indefinite-lived intangible assets and recorded goodwill and intangible asset impairments of $265.1 million and $32.2 million, respectively. The reduction in the Company’s fair value estimates was due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, Google suspended services with respect to some B2C's products and may do so with respect to other products in the future. As a result, the B2C business elected to modify certain marketing strategies in early January 2021. Subsequently, Google informed us of another policy change in the first quarter of 2021 that became effective on May 10, 2021. We anticipated that this Google policy change would eliminate our ability to successfully introduce and market new B2C products that would be profitable. Therefore, we undertook cost reduction measures and effectively eliminated all marketing of B2C products beginning in March 2021. This elimination of marketing has positively impacted profitability in 2021 because revenue from B2C products is earned over multiple periods beyond just the period in which the initial marketing is incurred. Following the cessation ofdiscontinued the introduction of new Desktop business-to-consumer ("B2C") products in March 2021,2021. Therefore, the current B2C revenue stream relates solely to the then existing installed base of products. For the year ended December 31, 2021, B2C revenue declined by $55.5 million to $77.7 million, while Desktop operating income, excluding the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges in 2020, increased by $32.5 million to $49.7 million, versus the year ended December 31, 2020. Beyond 2021, we expectAs a result, the revenue and profits of the B2C business have declined significantly and Desktop, respectively,the Company expects that trend to decline significantly.
Angi Inc.'s Brand Integration Initiative
In March 2021, ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its namecontinue. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to Angi Inc.the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and updated one of its leading websites and brands, Angie’s List, to Angi, and since then, has concentrated its marketing investment inSupplementary Data" for additional information on the Angi brand in order to focus its marketing, sales, and branding efforts on a single brand.Services Agreement with Google.

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Angi Inc. relies heavily on free, or organic, search results from search engine optimizationDotdash Meredith Restructuring and paid search engine marketingOther Charges
Restructuring Charges
During 2023, Dotdash Meredith continued to drive trafficincur costs related to its websites. This brand integration initiative has adversely affecteda voluntary retirement program announced in the placementfirst quarter of 2022 and rankingrecorded adjustments to previously accrued amounts related to a reduction in force plan, for which the related expenses were accrued primarily in the fourth quarter of Angi Inc. websites, particularly Angi.com, in organic search results as Angi does not have the same domain history as Angie’s List. In addition, Angi Inc. shifted marketing to support Angi, away from HomeAdvisor, which has negatively affected the efficiency of its search engine marketing efforts.
Since the beginning of the integration process, these efforts have had a pronounced negative impact on service requests from organic search results and via Angi Inc.'s mobile applications, which in turn has resulted in increased paid search engine marketing to generate service requests. These factors have increased marketing spend and reduced revenue during2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Dotdash Meredith incurred a net reversal of $0.5 million to restructuring expense, resulting from charges incurred of $3.7 million offset by reversals of previously recorded accrued costs of $4.2 million.
During 2022, Dotdash Meredith management committed to several actions to improve efficiencies and better align its cost structure following the acquisition of Meredith on December 1, 2021, materially more than expected atwhich included: (i) the launchdiscontinuation of certain print publications and the brand initiativeshutdown of PeopleTV, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in March 2021. Angi Inc. expects the pronounced negative impact to organic search results, increased paid search engine marketing costs,first quarter of 2022, (ii) the aforementioned voluntary retirement program, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in the first half of 2022, (iii) the consolidation of certain leased office space, for which the related expense was reflected in the third quarter of 2022 and reduced monetization from our mobile applications to continue until such time as(iv) the new brand establishes search engine optimization ranking and consumer awareness is established.
Angi Services Investment
Angi Services was launchedaforementioned reduction in August 2019 and Angi Inc. has invested significantlyforce plan. These actions resulted in Angi Services and expects to continue to do so going forward. Angi Inc. expects significant future revenue growth at Angi Services as it expands the business, refines the overall experience, and increases penetration in certain geographies and service categories. This increased investment in Angi Services has contributed to losses for Angi Inc.$80.2 million of restructuring charges incurred for the year ended December 31, 20212022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, restructuring charges included impairment charges of $21.3 million related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition, consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and this investment is expected to continue through at least 2023.$7.0 million of a right-of-use asset ("ROU asset") and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively, which are included in "General and administrative expense" and "Depreciation," respectively, in the statement of operations.
Other Charges
During the first quarter of 2023, Dotdash Meredith Print Publications
In February 2022,reassessed the Company announced its planssublease market assumptions and recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to discontinue certain print publications,unoccupied leased office space due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market, consisting of Entertainment Weekly, InStyle, EatingWell, Health, Parents,impairments of $44.7 million and People en Español, with$25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively, which are included in "General and administrative expense" and "Depreciation," respectively, in the April 2022 issuesstatement of these publications being their final print editions. operations.
See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 11Dotdash Meredith plansRestructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" to the financial statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information on investing in its remaining print magazines, which include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens,impairment and Southern Living, by among other things enhancing paper quality and trim sizes.
Dotdash Meredith Digital Content Investment
Dotdash Meredith plans to invest $80 million in 2022 in digital content across all brands.restructuring charges, respectively.
Distribution, Marketing and Advertiser Relationships
We pay traffic acquisition costs, which consist of payments made to partners who direct traffic to our Ask Media Group websites, who distribute our business-to-business customized browser-based applications and who integrate our paid listings into their websites, and fees paid to Apple and Google related to the distribution of apps and the facilitation of Mosaic Group's subscription-based in-app purchases of product features. We also pay to market and distribute our services on third-party distribution channels, such as Google and other search engines and social media websites such as Facebook. With the acquisition of Meredith weWe also pay subscription acquisition costs, which represent commission payments made by our Dotdash Meredith business to third-party agents to sell magazine subscriptions within ourits print business. In addition, some of our businesses manage affiliate programs, pursuant to which we pay commissions and fees to third parties based on revenue earned. These distribution channels might also offer their own services and products, as well as those of other third parties, which compete with those we offer.
We market and offer our services and products to consumers through branded websites, allowing consumers to transact directly with us in a convenient manner. We have made, and expect to continue to make, substantial investments in online and offline advertising to build our brands and drive traffic to our websites and consumers and advertisers to our businesses.
COVID-19 Update
The impact on the Company from the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures designedvarious responses to contain its spreadit created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Recently there has been varied and volatile.a return to normal societal interactions, including the way the Company operates its businesses.

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Angi Inc.
As previously disclosed, the impact of COVID-19 on the businesses in IAC's Angi Inc. segment initially resulted in a decline in demand for service requests,Service Requests, driven primarily by decreases in demand in certain categories of jobs (particularly discretionary indoor projects). While these businessesAngi Inc. experienced a rebound in service requestsService Requests in the second half of 2020 and through early 2021, service requestsService Requests started to decline in May 2021 comparedand continued to the comparable months of 2020 as a result of the surgedecline during 2022 due, in 2020 and duepart, to impacts of the Angi Inc.'s Brand Integration Initiative described above. Moreover, many service professionals' businesses have been adversely impacted by labor and material constraints and many service professionals have and continue to have limited capacity to take on new business, which continues to negatively impact the ability of these businesses to monetize the slightly increased level of service requests. AlthoughCOVID-19 measures that were more widely in place in prior periods. Angi Inc.'s ability to monetize service requestsService Requests rebounded modestly in the second half of 2021 it still has not returned to levels it experienced pre-COVID-19. No assurances can be providedand the first half of 2022; however, that Angi Inc. will continue to be able to improveimproved monetization or that service professionals' businesses and, as a consequence, its revenue and profitability will not continue to be adversely impactedplateaued in the future. The Search segment hasthird quarter of 2022 returning to monetization rates similar to those experienced an increasepre-COVID-19.
Dotdash Meredith
Digital advertising and performance marketing revenue at Dotdash, excluding Meredith, declined in revenue in the year ended December 31, 20212022, compared to the prior year2021 due in part to lower traffic to its sites compared to prior year COVID-19 traffic highs. Post-acquisition, Meredith has experienced a similar impact to its digital advertising ratesrevenue primarily from lower programmatic revenue as a result of traffic declines in 2020 due to the impactfirst quarter of COVID-19.
The volatile nature of our operating results in 20202023 due to COVID-19 will impact the comparability of our year-over-year results of operations.
In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the effects of COVID-19 were an indicator of possible impairment for certain of its assets and identified the following impairments:supported traffic levels in early 2022.
Outlooka $212.0 million impairment related to the goodwill of the Desktop reporting unit (included in the Search segment);
a $21.4 million impairment related to certain indefinite-lived intangible assets of the Desktop reporting unit;
a $51.5 million impairment of certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values; and
a $7.5 million impairment of a note receivable and a warrant related to certain investees.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded impairments of $53.2 million and $10.8 million related to the goodwill and intangible assets, respectively, of the Desktop reporting unit. These impairments were due in part to the effects of COVID-19 on monetization. Refer to "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")" for additional information.
The extent to which developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and measures designed to curb its spread continue to impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and many of which are beyond the Company’s control, including the continuing spread of COVID-19, the severity of resurgences of COVID-19 caused by variant strains of the virus, the effectiveness of vaccines and attitudes toward receiving them, materials and supply chain constraints, labor shortages, the scope of governmental and other restrictions on travel, discretionary services and other activity, and public reactions to these developments.


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Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 20212023, 2022 and 20202021.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
Revenue
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$892,426 $931,482 $367,134 $(39,056)(4)%$564,348 154%
Print823,456 1,026,128 92,002 (202,672)(20)%934,126 1,015%
Intersegment eliminations(20,989)(22,911)(2,863)1,922 %(20,048)(700)%
Total Dotdash Meredith1,694,893 1,934,699 456,273 (239,806)(12)%1,478,426 324%
Angi Inc.
Domestic
Ads and Leads1,124,908 1,282,061 1,227,074 (157,153)(12)%54,987 4%
Services118,033 381,256 289,948 (263,223)(69)%91,308 31%
Total Domestic1,242,941 1,663,317 1,517,022 (420,376)(25)%146,295 10%
International115,807 101,038 102,295 14,769 15 %(1,257)(1)%
Total Angi Inc.1,358,748 1,764,355 1,619,317 (405,607)(23)%145,038 9%
Search629,038 731,431 873,346 (102,393)(14)%(141,915)(16)%
Emerging & Other695,057 823,465 753,203 (128,408)(16)%70,262 9%
Intersegment eliminations(12,501)(18,670)(2,512)6,169 33 %(16,158)(643)%
Total$4,365,235 $5,235,280 $3,699,627 $(870,045)(17)%$1,535,653 42%

Years Ended December 31,
2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
Change% ChangeChange% Change
(Operating metrics in thousands)
Operating metrics:
Dotdash Meredith
Digital
Total Sessions10,813 11,947 12,341 (1,134)(9)%(394)(3)%
Core Sessions8,370 8,186 8,344 184 %(158)(2)%
Angi Inc.
Service Requests23,255 29,459 33,513 (6,204)(21)%(4,054)(12)%
Monetized Transactions27,111 28,938 31,510 (1,827)(6)%(2,572)(8)%
Transacting SPs196 220 251 (24)(11)%(31)(12)%

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For a discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, please refer2022
Dotdash Meredith revenue decreased 12% to "$1.7 billion due primarily to decreases of $202.7 million, or 20%, from Print and $39.1 million, or 4%, from Digital. The decrease from Print was due to the planned reduction in circulation of certain publications and the discontinuation of others in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease from Digital was due primarily to decreases of $60.9 million and $10.8 million, or 10% each, in Advertising Revenue and Licensing and Other Revenue, respectively, partially offset by an increase of $32.6 million, or 16% in Performance Marketing Revenue. The decrease in Advertising Revenue resulted primarily from lower programmatic revenue as a result of a 9% decline in Total Sessions and declines in premium advertising sold through the Dotdash Meredith sales teamManagement's Discussion. Despite the increase in Core Sessions, Total Sessions was impacted by traffic declines in the first quarter of 2023 due to COVID-19 supported traffic levels in early 2022 and Analysistraffic declines in the second and third quarters of Financial Condition2023 driven primarily by the Entertainment category and Resultscertain partner sites. The decrease in Licensing and Other Revenue was due primarily to lower royalties earned from retail partners. The increase in Performance Marketing Revenue was due primarily to an increase in affiliate commerce commission revenue, partially offset by a decrease in Performance Marketing revenue in the Finance and Health categories.
Angi Inc. revenue decreased 23% to $1.4 billion driven by decreases of Operations$263.2 million, or 69%, from Services and $157.2 million, or 12%, from Ads and Leads, partially offset by an increase of $14.8 million, or 15%, from International.
The Services decrease was due primarily to the change to net revenue reporting described above under "Sources of Revenue - Angi Inc." and a decrease of $92.4 million due primarily to the annual audited consolidatedcontinued shift away from complex and combined financial statementsless profitable offerings, and lower Service Requests as a result of the Companycertain efforts described in Ads and notes thereto filed on the Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities Exchange Commission on June 1, 2021.Leads below.
RevenueThe Ads and Leads decrease was due primarily to decreases of $173.6 million, or 18%, in consumer connection revenue and $8.1 million, or 13%, in membership subscription revenue, partially offset by an increase of $25.3 million, or 10%, in advertising revenue. The decrease in consumer connection revenue was due primarily to declines in Monetized Transactions as a result of an effort to rationalize sales to service professionals that are unprofitable as well as efforts to increase lead quality, including changes to certain demand channels, to enhance the user experience for both homeowners and service professionals. The decrease in membership subscription revenue was due primarily to a decline in service professionals in the Angi Inc. network. The increase in advertising revenue was due primarily to continued growth in sales and improved retention.
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$367,134 $153,381 72 %$213,753 
Print92,002 92,002 N/A— 
Intra-segment eliminations(2,863)(2,863)N/A— 
Total Dotdash Meredith456,273 242,520 113 %213,753 
Angi Inc.1,685,438 217,513 15 %1,467,925 
Search873,346 260,072 42 %613,274 
Emerging & Other685,175 215,416 46 %469,759 
Inter-segment eliminations(605)(430)(244)%(175)
Total$3,699,627 $935,091 34 %$2,764,536 
The International increase was driven by a larger service professional network and higher revenue per service professional.
________________________Search revenue decreased 14% to $629.0 million due to decreases of $81.1 million, or 13%, from Ask Media Group and $21.3 million, or 21%, from Desktop. The decrease from Ask Media Group was due to a reduction in marketing by affiliate partners driving fewer visitors to ad supported search and content websites. The decrease from Desktop was due primarily to the Google policy changes and the subsequent discontinuing of new products described above under "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement").
N/A = Not applicableEmerging & Other revenue decreased 16% to $695.1 million due primarily to the inclusion of Bluecrew in the prior year period, which was sold on November 9, 2022, a decrease at Roofing due to a decline in projects and a strategic shift in operations to select markets prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, and decreases in revenue at Mosaic Group and IAC Films, partially offset by an increase of 3% to $375.0 million at Care.com and growth of 40% at Vivian Health.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Dotdash Meredith revenue increased 113%324% to $456.3 million$1.9 billion due to the contribution of $169.9 million$1.5 billion from Meredith, acquired December 1, 2021, growth from Dotdashpartially offset by decreases of $44.5$11.8 million, or 32%11%, in Display Advertising RevenueDotdash performance marketing revenue and $28.1$7.0 million, or 37%4%, higher Performance Marketing Revenue. The growth in Dotdash Display Advertising Revenue was driven by an increase in advertising sold at higher rates in 2021 through its direct sales and programmatic channels as the prior year rates were negatively impacted by COVID-19.revenue. The increasedecrease in Dotdash Performance Marketing Revenueperformance marketing revenue was due to primarily to growthdeclines in both affiliate commerce commission revenue and performance marketing commission revenue due primarily to increased onlinelower traffic to its sites compared to the prior year COVID-19 traffic highs. The decrease in Dotdash advertising revenue was due primarily to a decrease in advertising sold through its sales team and new performance marketing products.lower programmatic rates.

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Angi Inc. revenue increased 15%9% to $1.7$1.8 billion driven by increases of $195.4$91.3 million, or 120%31%, in Angifrom Services Revenue, $11.7and $55.0 million, or 4%, from Ads and Leads, partially offset by a decrease of $1.3 million, or 1%, in Angi Ads and Leads Revenue and $10.4 million, or 14%, at the European businesses. from International.
The increase in Angi Services Revenue is due primarily to organic growth and, to a lesser extent, from Angi Roofing, acquired July 1, 2021. The increase in Angi Ads and Leads Revenue iswas due primarily to an increase in advertisingaverage revenue of $25.5 million or 11%. per Monetized Transactions due to higher average-order-value jobs in complex service categories and an increase in Monetized Transactions during 2022 compared to 2021, as well as price increases in certain job categories.
The revenue increase at the European businessesin Ads and Leads was due primarily to strong growth across allprice increases implemented during the second quarter of its markets due to increased consumer demand2022 and the favorableanniversary of the Angi Inc. brand integration that began in March 2021.
The decrease in International was due primarily to the unfavorable impact of the weakeningstrengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Euro and British Pound.
Search revenue increased 42%decreased 16% to $873.3$731.4 million due to growthdecreases of $301.0$101.5 million, or 70%,14% from Ask Media Group partially offset by a decrease of $40.9and $40.4 million, or 23%29%, from Desktop. The increase indecrease from Ask Media Group revenue was due to higher and more efficienta reduction in marketing from affiliate partners driving increasedfewer visitors to ad supported search and content websites and an increase in advertising rates in 2021 as the prior year rates were negatively impacted by COVID-19.websites. The decrease infrom Desktop revenue was due primarily to the Google policy changes announced in the fourth quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021prior year described above under "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")."
Emerging & Other revenue increased 46%9% to $685.2$823.5 million due primarily to the contributioninclusion of Roofing for twelve months in the current year compared to six months in the prior year, a 10% increase at Care.com and growth of Care.com, acquired February 11, 2020, the addition of Lifecare, acquiredfrom Vivian Health, partially offset by Care.com in October 2020, and increasedlower revenue fromat Mosaic Group, IAC Films, Bluecrew, Vivian Health,which was sold on November 9, 2022, and The Daily Beast.


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Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2021$ Change% Change2020 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
(Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)$1,306,972 $556,286 74 %$750,686 Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)$1,343,254 $$1,933,705 $$1,296,282 $$(590,451)(31)(31)%$637,423 49 49 %
As a percentage of revenueAs a percentage of revenue35% 27%
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Cost of revenue in 2021 increased2023 decreased from 20202022 due to increasesdecreases of $255.8 million from Search, $152.6 million from Angi Inc., $94.1 million from Dotdash Meredith, and $53.8 million from Emerging & Other.
The Search increase was primarily due to an increase of $240.9 million in traffic acquisition costs at Ask Media Group resulting from the increase in revenue.
The Angi Inc. increase was due primarily to organic growth from Angi Services resulting in increased payments to third-party professional service providers and $51.2 million of costs attributable to the inclusion of Angi Roofing, primarily for roofing materials and third-party contractors.
The Dotdash Meredith increase was due primarily to $63.6 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith, and increases of $17.4 million in compensation expense related to increased headcount and $7.0 million in third-party content creation costs. The increased investment in content creation costs is due primarily to contractors working on projects related to content updates and improvements, video content production, and writer and expert fees.
The Emerging & Other increase was due primarily to $22.1 million in payments made to workers staffed by Bluecrew resulting from an increase in revenue, $16.2 million of expense from the inclusion of Lifecare, and $13.5 million and $8.8 million in production costs and participation payments, respectively, at IAC Films due to recent theatrical releases, partially offset by a decrease of $12.7 million at Care.com related to a change from gross to net revenue recognition for certain Care For Business contracts.
Selling and marketing expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selling and marketing expense$1,362,300 $196,844 17 %$1,165,456 
As a percentage of revenue37% 42%
Selling and marketing expense in 2021 increased from 2020 due to increases of $121.1$274.8 million from Angi Inc., $65.7$178.8 million from Dotdash Meredith, and $54.7$107.7 million from Emerging & Other partially offset by a decrease of $44.2and $29.2 million from Search.
The Angi Inc. increasedecrease was due to a decrease of $274.8 million from Services due primarily to a $248.8 million decrease in payments to third-party professional service providers due primarily to the change to net revenue reporting effective January 1, 2023, described above. Additionally, payments to third-party professional service providers decreased as a result of the shift away from complex and less profitable offerings.
The Dotdash Meredith decrease was due primarily to increases in advertising expensedecreases of $66.2 million and compensation expense of $33.2 million, expense of $14.0$112.2 million from the inclusion of Angi Roofing,Print and an increase in consulting costs of $12.2 million.$67.0 million from Digital. The increase in advertising expensedecrease from Print was due primarily to increasesdecreases of $58.5$69.5 million in online marketingproduction and $6.9distribution costs (postage, paper, printing and content) due to the discontinuation of several publications in the first quarter of 2022 and the planned reduction in circulation of others. Print was further impacted by decreases of $24.2 million in television spend. The increase in online marketing spend is attributablecompensation expense due to the brand integration initiativevoluntary retirement program in the first quarter of 2022 and the reduction in force described above under "Angi Inc.'s Brand Integration Initiative." The increase"Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges" and $13.4 million in television spend in 2021 reflects the return to historical spending levels as compared to the cost cutting initiatives during 2020third-party advertising campaign fulfillment costs due to the impactlower project-related revenue. The decrease from Digital was due primarily to decreases of COVID-19 as well as continued efforts related$35.9 million in traffic acquisition costs, $14.0 million in compensation expense and $13.9 million in content creation costs. The decreases in traffic acquisition costs and content creation costs were due primarily to the brand integration initiative.lower revenue. The increasedecrease in compensation expense was due primarily to increased commission expense and an increase in sales forcelower headcount partially offset by lower compensation expense in France due to headcount reductionsthe aforementioned voluntary retirement program in 2020. The increasethe first quarter of 2022 and the reduction in consulting costs was due primarily to various sales initiatives at Angi Services.
The Dotdash Meredith increase was due primarily to $45.8 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith, and increases in online advertising expense of $11.4 million and compensation expense of $6.3 million. The increase in online advertising expense is due primarily to an increase relative to depressed levels in 2020 due to COVID-19. The increase in compensation expense was primarily due to higher headcountforce.

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The Emerging & Other increasedecrease was due primarily to increases the inclusion in the prior year period of $26.7 million in online marketing and television spend at Care.com, $7.3 million in television spend at Mosaic, $4.8$51.0 million in expense from the inclusionBluecrew, which was sold on November 9, 2022, a decrease in expense of Lifecare, and increases of $4.2$39.2 million and $2.3 million in compensation expense at Care.com and Vivian Health, respectively, eachfrom Roofing due primarily to higher headcount. The increasea decline roofing materials and third-party contractor costs prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, and decreases of $11.6 million in online marketingproduction costs and television spendthird-party participation payments at Care.com isIAC Films due primarily to efforts to increase its customer base.Everything, Everywhere All at Once and $6.9 million in traffic acquisition costs at Mosaic Group.
The Search decrease was due primarily to a decrease in marketingtraffic acquisition costs of $73.7$26.1 million at Ask Media Group due primarily to a decrease in the proportion of revenue earned from affiliate partners who direct traffic to our websites.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Cost of revenue in 2022 increased from 2021 due primarily to increases of $691.9 million from Dotdash Meredith and $62.7 million from Angi Inc., partially offset by a decrease of $145.8 million from Search.
The Dotdash Meredith increase was due primarily to an increase of $684.9 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith for twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year, and an increase of $8.7 million in compensation expense related to increased editorial headcount at Dotdash. Included in Meredith's expense is $23.6 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the reorganization of the Dotdash Meredith business described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges."
The Angi Inc. increase was due primarily to an increase of $64.1 million from Services due primarily to an increase in payments to third-party professional service providers resulting from growth in the business.
The Search decrease was due primarily to a decrease in traffic acquisition costs of $159.7 million at Ask Media Group, partially offset by an increase in traffic acquisition costs of $15.1 million at Desktop. The decrease in traffic acquisition costs at Ask Media Group was due primarily to a decrease in the proportion of revenue earned from affiliate partners who direct traffic to our websites. The increase in traffic acquisition costs at Desktop as it substantially reducedwas a result of higher revenue share rates resulting in higher expense compared to the prior year.
Selling and marketing expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Selling and marketing expense$1,576,229 $1,914,878 $1,362,300 $(338,649)(18)%$552,578 41%
As a percentage of revenue36%37%37%  
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Selling and marketing expense in 2023 decreased from 2022 due primarily to decreases of its B2C products$125.1 million from Angi Inc., $124.7 million from Dotdash Meredith, $60.3 million from Emerging & Other and $33.6 million from Search.
The Angi Inc. decrease was due primarily to decreases of $81.8 million from Ads and Leads, $34.8 million from Services and $5.8 million from International.
The Ads and Leads decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $82.0 million in advertising expense due primarily to a decrease of $107.5 million in online marketing spend due to increased efficiency, partially offset by an increase of $25.3 million in television spend primarily due to efforts to build awareness of the Angi Inc. brand.

47


The Services decrease was due primarily to decreases of $20.4 million in consulting fees and outsourced personnel costs, $19.1 million in compensation expense and $7.1 million in advertising expense, partially offset by an increase of $14.9 million in service guarantee expense. The decreases in consulting fees and outsourced personnel costs were due to $12.7 million less phone-based sales wages primarily resulting from increased reliance on more profitable digital conversion channels and $6.1 million less due to streamlined fulfillment operations, partially offset by fewer complex services. The decrease in compensation expense was due primarily to lower headcount. The decrease in advertising expense was due primarily to a decrease of $4.7 million in service professional marketing spend. The increase in service guarantee expense is due to the aforementioned change in contractual terms and conditions resulting in the change to net revenue reporting such that this expense is no longer a component of cost of revenue, which is where the expense was recorded prior to January 20211, 2023.
The International decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $10.2 million in advertising expense due primarily to decreases of $6.3 million and $4.2 million in online marketing spend and television spend, respectively, partially offset by an increase of $3.4 million in compensation expense due to higher headcount.
The Dotdash Meredith decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $121.7 million from Print due primarily to decreases of $78.9 million in subscription acquisition costs and $28.7 million in compensation expense. The decrease in subscription acquisition costs was driven by lower commission payments made to third-party agents that sell magazine subscriptions due to the planned reduction in the circulation of certain publications and the subsequentdiscontinuation of several publications in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in compensation expense was due primarily to the voluntary retirement program in the first quarter of 2022 and the reduction in force described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges."
The Emerging & Other decrease was due primarily to decreases of $21.9 million and $4.5 million in online marketing spend and television spend, respectively, at Mosaic Group, a decrease in expense of $15.4 million from Roofing due primarily to a decrease in compensation expense due to a reduction in headcount and a strategic shift in operations to select markets prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, the inclusion in the prior year period of $13.4 million in expense from Bluecrew, which was sold on November 9, 2022, and a decrease of $2.4 million in offline marketing spend at IAC Films.
The Search decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $31.9 million in online marketing spend at Ask Media Group.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Selling and marketing expense in 2022 increased from 2021 due primarily to increases of $469.9 million from Dotdash Meredith, $43.7 million from Emerging & Other, $37.1 million from Search and $18.8 million from Angi Inc.
The Dotdash Meredith increase was due principally to an increase of $464.1 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith for twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year. Included in Meredith's expense is $16.6 million of restructuring costs primarily related to the reorganization of the Dotdash Meredith business described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges."
The Emerging & Other increase was due primarily to an increase of $19.0 million at Roofing due primarily to the inclusion of expense for twelve months in the current year compared to six months in the prior year, increases of $10.0 million in compensation expense and $3.8 million in online marketing at Care.com, $5.1 million in compensation expense and $3.6 million in online marketing at Vivian Health and $5.2 million in marketing spend at IAC Films, partially offset by a decrease of $7.2 million in advertising expense at Mosaic Group. The increase in compensation expense at both Care.com and Vivian Health was due primarily to higher headcount. The increase in online marketing at Care.com was primarily due to efforts to increase their customer base. The increase in marketing spend at IAC Films was primarily related to Everything Everywhere All at Once.
The Search increase was due primarily to an increase of $60.1 million in online marketing at Ask Media Group, partially offset by a decrease of $24.1 million at Desktop. The increase at Ask Media Group was due primarily to increases in both search engine marketing and ad placement spend on social media sites. The decrease at Desktop was due to the elimination of all marketing of its B2C products beginning in early March 2021 due primarily to the Google policy changes in the fourth quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 described above under "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement").

48


The Angi Inc. increase was due primarily to increases of $13.6 million from Services and $11.9 million from Ads and Leads, partially offset by a decrease of $4.9 million from Other (unallocated corporate costs).
The Services increase was due primarily to increases in compensation expense of $19.4 million, outsourced personnel costs of $2.2 million and software maintenance costs of $1.6 million, partially offset by a decrease of $9.5 million in advertising expense. The increase in compensation expense was primarily due to higher headcount. The increase in outsourced personnel costs was primarily due to costs for improving the customer service experience. The increase in software maintenance cost was primarily due to general maintenance. The decrease in advertising expense was due primarily to decreases in service professional marketing and search engine marketing spend and was due primarily to high advertising costs in 2021 to promote Services.
The Ads and Leads increase was due primarily to increases in advertising expense of $20.9 million and software maintenance costs of $3.5 million, partially offset by a decrease of $10.3 million in compensation expense. The increase in advertising expense was due primarily to an increase of $23.3 million in online marketing spend due primarily to the continued brand integration initiative at the beginning of 2022 and increased costs to obtain service requests later in 2022. The increase in software maintenance costs was due primarily to general maintenance. The decrease in compensation is primarily due to lower headcount.
The Other (unallocated corporate costs) decrease of $4.9 million was due primarily to a decrease in lease expense of $5.4 million as a result of Angi Inc. repurposing and reducing its real estate footprint in 2021.
General and administrative expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
General and administrative expense$891,958 $991,983 $797,448 $(100,025)(10)%$194,535 24%
As a percentage of revenue20%19%22%  
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
General and administrative expense in 2023 decreased from 2022 due primarily to decreases of $87.8 million from Angi Inc.," $18.0 million from Emerging & Other and $5.4 million from Dotdash Meredith, partially offset by an increase of $28.3$12.5 million from Corporate.
The Angi Inc. decrease was due primarily to decreases of $69.9 million from Ads and Leads and $22.7 million from Services.

The Ads and Leads decrease was due primarily to decreases of $24.5 million in online marketingthe provision of credit losses, $20.6 million in legal expense, $15.7 million in compensation expense and $6.0 million in outsourced personnel costs. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was due primarily to lower revenue and improved collection rates. The decrease in legal expense was due, in part, to a $10.9 million benefit in 2023 related to insurance coverage for previously incurred legal fees. The decreases in compensation expense and outsourced personnel costs were due primarily to lower headcount and a reduction in third-party providers, respectively.

The Services decrease was due primarily to decreases of $11.3 million in compensation expense, $9.5 million in legal expense and $4.8 million in the provision for credit losses. The decrease in compensation expense was due primarily to lower headcount. The decrease in the provision for credit losses was due primarily to lower revenue and improved collection rates.

The Emerging & Other decrease was due primarily to a decrease in expense of $12.5 million from Roofing due, in part, to a decrease in compensation expense resulting from a reduction in headcount prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, and the inclusion in the prior year period of $6.8 million in expense from Bluecrew, which was sold on November 9, 2022, partially offset by the inclusion in the prior year period of a $3.2 million gain related to the termination of a lease and $2.3 million in impairment charges related to ROU assets in 2023 at Ask Media Group.Care.com.
General

49


The Dotdash Meredith decrease was due primarily to the inclusion in 2022 of $28.1 million in restructuring costs related to activities described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and administrativeOther Charges" and the inclusion of $6.8 million in 2022 of transaction-related costs related to the acquisition of Meredith, a decrease in expense in 2023 of $8.0 million due to the reversal of certain indemnification liabilities established for tax contingencies in connection with the acquisition of Meredith and a decrease of $4.8 million in legal fees, partially offset by the inclusion in the first quarter of 2023 of $44.7 million related to an impairment charge of an ROU asset related to unoccupied lease space.
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
General and administrative expense$797,448 $52,213 %$745,235 
As a percentage of revenue22% 27%

The Corporate increase was due primarily to an increase of $13.0 million in compensation expense.

For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
General and administrative expense in 20212022 increased from 20202021 due primarily to increases of $102.4$140.3 million from Dotdash Meredith, $33.1$52.2 million from Angi Inc. and $20.9 million from Emerging & Other, and $31.7 million from Angi Inc., partially offset by decreasesa decrease of $108.0$15.6 million from Corporate and $7.0 million from Search.Corporate.
The Dotdash Meredith increase was due primarily to $75.0an increase of $130.0 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith for twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year, a $14.3 million impairment of an ROU asset related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition, and an increase of $13.9 million in compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease of $20.3 million in professional fees at Dotdash. During 2022, Dotdash Meredith incurred $28.1 million in restructuring costs, including the $14.3 million impairment described above, related to the reorganization of Dotdash Meredith's business described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges" and $6.8 million in transaction-related costs, of which $5.7 million was incurred at Meredith, associated with its acquisition. The increase in compensation expense at Dotdash was due primarily to an increase in stock-based compensation expense. The decrease in professional fees at Dotdash was due to the inclusion in 2021 of $25.2 million of transaction-related costs in connection with the Meredith transaction. Expense in 2021 includes $53.3 million in transaction-related costs at Dotdash related to the Meredith transaction. Included in Meredith's expense is $53.3 million in transaction-related costs associated with its acquisition, including charges related to double-trigger change in control payments.
The Emerging & OtherAngi Inc. increase was due primarily to a changeincreases of $21.9$27.8 million in acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments (expense of $15.0from Services, $23.7 million in 2021 compared to income of $6.9from Ads and Leads and $9.3 million in 2020) due to the amount of contingent consideration to be paid out in connection with a previous Mosaic Group acquisition, $11.4 million of expense from the inclusion of Lifecare, and an increase of $7.8 million in compensation expense at Care.com due primarily to an increase in headcount,Other (unallocated corporate costs), partially offset by a decrease of $7.1$8.6 million in compensation expense at Mosaic Group.from International.

The Angi Inc.Services increase was due primarily to an increase of $27.7$16.7 million in professional fees, $10.8compensation expense, $8.8 million in legal expense and $2.2 million in software license and maintenance expense. The increase in compensation expense was due primarily to increases of $10.5 million in stock-based compensation expense resulting from management departures in 2022 and new awards granted in 2022, and $6.2 million in wage-related expenses due to higher headcount. The increase in legal expense was due primarily to accruals for certain legal matters in the fourth quarter of 2022. The increase in software license and maintenance expense is due to general maintenance.

The Ads and Leads increase was due primarily to increases of $16.4 million in the provision for credit losses, $4.3 million in outsourced personnel costs, $5.7 million in legal expense and $2.0 million in software and maintenance expense, partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million in compensation expense. The increase in the provision for credit losses was due primarily to higher revenue. The increase in outsourced personnel costs was due primarily to the use of outsourced firms to support customer service needs. The increase in legal expense was due primarily to accruals for certain legal matters in the third and fourth quarters of 2022. The decrease in compensation expense was primarily due to a decrease of $5.1 million resulting from lower headcount, partially offset by an increase of $4.5 million in stock-based compensation.

The Other (unallocated corporate costs) increase was due primarily to an increase of $14.4 million in compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease of $7.3 million of impairment charges of ROU assets and related leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment. The increase in compensation expense from the inclusionwas due primarily to an increase of Angi Roofing, $9.6$12.9 million in one-time costswage-related expense due to higher headcount and $1.6 million in stock-based compensation expense. The increase in stock-based compensation expense is the result of the reversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation as a result of the forfeiture of unvested awards due to management departures in 2021 and 2022, and new awards granted in 2022. The decrease in impairments of ROU assets and related leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment was due primarily to Angi Inc. reducing its real estate footprint in 2021, increases of $8.4 million in the provision for credit losses, and $7.2 million in software and maintenance costs, partially offset by a2021.


50


The International decrease of $37.9 million in compensation expense. The increase in professional fees was due primarily to an increase in outsourced personnel costs and, to a lesser extent, legal fees, consulting costs, and recruiting fees. The increase in outsourced personnel costs is due primarily to an increase in call volume related to Angi Inc.'s customer service function. The real estate related costs are the result of impairments of right-of-use lease assets, leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment associated with office space Angi Inc. vacated. The increase in the provision for credit losses is primarily due to higher Angi Services revenue as the provision for credit losses as a percentage of revenue has remained relatively flat. The increase in software licenses and maintenance costs is due to increased investment in software to support Angi Inc.'s customer service function. The decreaseinclusion in compensation expense, was due primarily to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense2021, of $54.6 million and severance costs recorded in the European business in 2020 associated with headcount reductions in France, partially offset by $15.6 million in wage related expenses resulting primarily from wage increases and $7.0 million in charges related to the acquisition of the remaining interests in MyBuilder at a premium to fair value.

The decrease in stock-based compensation expenseEmerging & Other increase was due primarily to $30.8the inclusion of $16.2 million in stock appreciation rightsof expense recognized in 2020 which was not incurred in 2021 as the awards became fully vested in 2020 and a net decrease of $7.7 million due to the reversal of previously recognized expense related to unvested awards that were forfeited due to management departuresfrom Roofing for twelve months in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset bycurrent year compared to six months in the issuance of new equity awards since 2020.prior year.

47


The Corporate decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $56.7$10.3 million in stock-based compensation expense a $25.0 million contributiondue primarily to the IAC Fellows endowment included in the prior year period, a decrease in transaction-related costs ($19.7 millionbonuses and $2.2 million related to the MTCH Separationpayroll taxes, and the Spin-off, respectively,inclusion in 2020 compared to2021 of $6.2 million of transaction-related costs in connection with the Spin-offSpin-off.
Product development expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Product development expense$334,491 $318,028 $230,810 $16,463 5%$87,218 38%
As a percentage of revenue8%6%6%  
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Product development expense in 2021)2023 increased from 2022 due primarily to an increase of $22.8 million from Angi Inc., partially offset by a decrease of $7.9 million from Emerging & Other.
The Angi Inc. increase was due primarily to an increase of $20.0 million from Ads and the prior year period reflecting higher employer payroll taxes relatedLeads due primarily to Match Group stock option exercises by IAC employees. Thean increase of $21.8 million in compensation expense resulting from a decrease in stock-based compensation expense iscapitalized projects in 2023 as compared to 2022.
The Emerging & Other decrease was due primarily to the inclusion in 2020the prior year period of $54.8$8.8 million of expense at Bluecrew, which was sold on November 9, 2022, and a decrease of $2.7 million in modification charges related to the MTCH Separation and the forfeiture of certain equity awards in 2021,outsourced personnel costs at Care.com, partially offset by the issuancean increase of new equity awards since 2020.
$4.7 million in compensation expense at Vivian Health. The Search decreaseincrease in compensation expense at Vivian Health was due primarily to decreases of $5.8a $7.1 million increase in compensation expense and $2.2 million in lease expense at Desktop. The decrease in compensation expense is primarilypayroll-related expenses due to higher headcount, partially offset by a reduction in headcount$2.4 million charge related to the sale of equity interests held by certain members of its management and the decreasesettlement of certain employee stock-based awards in lease expense is primarily dueconjunction with an equity raise in the second quarter of 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the early termination of a lease agreement in 2020.
Product development expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Product development expense$220,120 $40,106 22 %$180,014 
As a percentage of revenue6% 7%
year ended December 31, 2021
Product development expense in 20212022 increased from 20202021 due primarily to increases of $24.7$77.5 million from Dotdash Meredith and $12.6 million from Emerging & Other, and $14.3partially offset by a decrease of $4.9 million from Search.
The Dotdash Meredith.Meredith increase was due primarily to an increase of $63.5 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith for twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year, and an increase of $13.1 million in compensation expense at Dotdash due primarily to higher headcount.
The Emerging & Other increase was due primarily to increases of $8.4$7.0 million and $5.9 million in compensation expense and outsourced personnel costs, respectively, at Care.com $4.5 million in expense from the inclusion of Lifecare, and $1.8 million in compensation expense at Vivian Health.Health, respectively. The increase in compensation expense at both Care.com andwas due to higher headcount. The increase in compensation expense at Vivian Health iswas due primarily to higher headcount and a $2.4 million charge related to the sale of equity interests held by certain members of its management and the settlement of certain employee stock-based awards in conjunction with an equity raise in the second quarter of 2022.
The Search decrease was due primarily to increasesa decrease of $6.2 million in headcount. Thecompensation expense due primarily to the reduction in headcount following the cessation of new B2C products described above under "Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")", partially offset by an increase of $2.1 million in outsourced personnel costs at Care.com is primarilyAsk Media Group due to enhancing existingvarious product offerings and developing new products.initiatives.

51


Depreciation
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Depreciation$175,096 $130,986 $75,015 $44,110 34 %$55,971 75%
As a percentage of revenue4%3%2%  
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Depreciation in 2023 increased from The2022 due primarily to increases of $28.9 million at Dotdash Meredith and $16.1 million at Angi Inc. The increase at Dotdash Meredith was due primarily to $7.9an impairment of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment of $25.3 million in the first quarter of 2023 related to unoccupied leased space and a $4.2 million write-off of certain leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment during the second quarter of 2023, partially offset by the inclusion of a $7.0 million impairment recorded in the third quarter of 2022 of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces, as described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges."The increase at Angi Inc. was due primarily to an increase in capitalized software projects placed in service and investments in capitalized software.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Depreciation in 2022 increased from 2021 due primarily to an increase of $28.3 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith andfor twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year, an increase in expense of $5.3$18.5 million in compensation expense. The increase in compensation expense is due to higher headcount to aid in new and enhanced user experiences on its websites.
Depreciation
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Depreciation$75,015 $6,192 %$68,823 
As a percentage of revenue2% 2%
Depreciation in 2021 increased from 2020 dueat Angi Inc. primarily related to the investments in Angi Inc.'simpairment of certain capitalized software projects that are no longer being utilized as Angi Inc. transitions away from certain business offerings in Services, and $3.9 million of expense from the inclusion of Meredith, partially offset by the inclusion in 2020 of write-offsimpairment of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment at Dotdash Meredith of $7.0 million related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces, as a result of early lease terminations at Desktopdescribed above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Mosaic Group.Other Charges."

4852


Operating (loss) income (loss)
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2021$ Change% Change2020
(Dollars in thousands)
20232023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Dotdash MeredithDotdash Meredith
Digital
Digital
DigitalDigital$73,980 $23,739 47 %$50,241 $(16,656)$$(66,629)$$73,980 $$49,973 75 75 %$(140,609)NMNM
PrintPrint(6,527)(6,527)N/A— Print(3,500)(54,448)(54,448)(6,527)(6,527)50,948 50,948 94 94 %(47,921)(734)(734)%
OtherOther(60,277)(60,277)N/A— Other(130,582)(67,014)(67,014)(60,277)(60,277)(63,568)(63,568)(95)(95)%(6,737)(11)(11)%
Total Dotdash MeredithTotal Dotdash Meredith7,176 (43,065)(86)%50,241 Total Dotdash Meredith(150,738)(188,091)(188,091)7,176 7,176 37,353 37,353 20 20 %(195,267)NMNM
Angi Inc.Angi Inc.(76,513)(70,145)(1,102)%(6,368)
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Ads and Leads
Ads and Leads
Ads and Leads50,043 85,593 65,485 (35,550)(42)%20,108 31 %
ServicesServices(23,450)(95,166)(63,984)71,716 75 %(31,182)(49)%
OtherOther(61,377)(61,794)(56,196)417 %(5,598)(10)%
Total DomesticTotal Domestic(34,784)(71,367)(54,695)36,583 51 %(16,672)(30)%
InternationalInternational8,286 (4,253)(13,222)12,539 NM8,969 68 %
Total Angi Inc.Total Angi Inc.(26,498)(75,620)(67,917)49,122 65 %(7,703)(11)%
SearchSearch108,334 357,045 NM(248,711)Search44,198 83,398 83,398 108,334 108,334 (39,200)(39,200)(47)(47)%(24,936)(23)(23)%
Emerging & OtherEmerging & Other(22,738)48,158 68 %(70,896)Emerging & Other18,763 (156,839)(156,839)(31,334)(31,334)175,602 175,602 NMNM(125,505)(401)(401)%
CorporateCorporate(153,326)108,603 41 %(261,929)Corporate(146,488)(137,619)(137,619)(153,326)(153,326)(8,869)(8,869)(6)(6)%15,707 10 10 %
TotalTotal$(137,067)$400,596 75 %$(537,663)Total$(260,763)$$(474,771)$$(137,067)$$214,008 45 45 %$(337,704)(246)(246)%
As a percentage of revenueAs a percentage of revenue(4)%(19)%
As a percentage of revenue
As a percentage of revenue
________________________
NM = Not meaningful.
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Operating loss decreased $400.6$214.0 million to a loss of $137.1$260.8 million due primarily to the inclusion in 2020 of a goodwill impairment of $265.1 million and $32.2 million in indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments at Search related to the Desktop business, a decrease of $109.5 million in stock-based compensation expense, a decrease of $19.8 million in amortization of intangibles, excluding the $32.2 million Desktop impairment noted above, and an increase in Adjusted EBITDA of $2.0$136.9 million, described below, a net decrease in goodwill impairments of $103.8 million ($9.0 million in 2023 (at Mosaic Group) compared to $112.8 million in 2022 ($86.7 million at Mosaic Group and $26.0 million at Roofing)) and decreases of $11.7 million in amortization of intangibles and $6.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a changean increase of $21.9$44.1 million in depreciation and income of $0.6 million in 2022 related to an acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments (expense of $15.0 million in 2021 compared to income of $6.9 million in 2020) and an increase of $6.2 million in depreciation.adjustment. The goodwill impairment at Mosaic Group in 2023 was due to the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the indefinite-livedbusiness and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. The decrease in the amortization of intangibles was due primarily to a higher expense in 2022 at Dotdash Meredith resulting from fair value adjustments recorded during the measurement period to identifiable intangible assets in connection with the completion of purchase accounting related to the acquisition of Meredith, partially offset by $79.9 million and $7.6 million indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments in 2020 at the Desktop business were primarilyDotdash Meredith Digital segment in the fourth and third quarters of 2023, respectively, and lower expense at Care.com and Angi Inc.'s Services segment due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to browser policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor. The remaining decrease in amortization of intangibles of $19.8 million was due principally to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during 2020, partially offset by an increase in amortization related to the acquisitions of Meredith and Lifecare.. The decrease in stock-based compensation expense was due primarily to lower expense at Angi Inc.'s Services segment due to a reduction in headcount as a result of the inclusion in 2020 of $55.7 million in modification charges related to the MTCH Separation, the forfeiture of certain equity awards in 2021shift away from complex and stock appreciation rights expense recognized in 2020, which was not incurred in 2021, partially offset by the issuance of new equity awards since 2020.less profitable offerings. The increase in depreciation was due primarily to the impairment of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment of $25.3 million at Dotdash Meredith in the first quarter of 2023 related to unoccupied leased space, a $4.2 million write-off of certain leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment during the second quarter of 2023 and an increase in expense at Angi Inc. due primarily to an increase in capitalized software projects placed in service and investments in Angi Inc. capitalized software, and expense frompartially offset by the inclusion of Meredith.a $7.0 million impairment at Dotdash Meredith recorded in the third quarter of 2022 of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces, as described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges."
At December 31, 2023, there was $269.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.9years.

53


For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Operating loss increased $337.7 million to a loss of $474.8 million, despite the increase of $92.3 million in Adjusted EBITDA, described below, due primarily to an increase of $232.9 million in amortization of intangibles, goodwill impairment charges of $112.8 million, and increases of $56.0 million in depreciation and $44.0 million in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a change in acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments (income of $0.6 million in 2022 compared to expense of $15.0 million in 2021). The increase in amortization of intangibles was due primarily to the acquisition of Meredith, partially offset by lower expense at Care.com due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized. The goodwill impairment charges relate to impairments of $86.7 million at Mosaic Group in the second quarter of 2022 and $26.0 million at Roofing in the fourth quarter of 2022. The goodwill impairment at Mosaic Group was a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. The goodwill impairment at Roofing was due to the business exiting certain markets and the projected reduction in future profits. The increase in depreciation was due primarily to the inclusion of Meredith for twelve months in the current year compared to one month in the prior year, an increase in expense at Angi Inc. primarily related to the impairment of certain capitalized software projects that are no longer being utilized as Angi Inc. transitions away from certain business offerings in Services, and the impairment of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment at Dotdash Meredith of $7.0 million recorded in the third quarter of 2022 related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces, as described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges." The increase in stock-based compensation expense was due primarily to the reversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense due to forfeitures from management departures in 2021, the acceleration of awards related to management departures in 2022 and new awards granted since the first quarter of 2022.
See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for a detailed descriptionfurther discussion of the Company’s assessment of impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments.assets.
The aggregate carrying value of goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is approximately $243.0 million. There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the most recent estimate of the excess fair value over carrying value is less than 20%.
At December 31, 2021, there was $365.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 5.1years.

49


Adjusted EBITDA
Years Ended December 31,
2021$ Change% Change2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
20232023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
(Dollars in thousands)(Dollars in thousands)
Dotdash MeredithDotdash Meredith
Digital
Digital
DigitalDigital$91,179 $24,973 38 %$66,206 $242,969 $$186,696 $$91,179 $$56,273 30 30 %$95,517 105 105 %
PrintPrint2,639 2,639 N/A— Print64,226 31,135 31,135 2,639 2,639 33,091 33,091 106 106 %28,496 1080 1080 %
OtherOther(60,196)(60,196)N/A— Other(84,438)(65,682)(65,682)(60,196)(60,196)(18,756)(18,756)(29)(29)%(5,486)(9)(9)%
Total Dotdash MeredithTotal Dotdash Meredith33,622 (32,584)(49)%66,206 Total Dotdash Meredith222,757 152,149 152,149 33,622 33,622 70,608 70,608 46 46 %118,527 353 353 %
Angi Inc.Angi Inc.27,865 (144,939)(84)%172,804 
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Ads and Leads
Ads and Leads
Ads and Leads147,357 168,952 136,260 (21,595)(13)%32,692 24 %
ServicesServices8,123 (52,126)(48,203)60,249 NM(3,923)(8)%
OtherOther(50,076)(49,866)(46,066)(210)— %(3,800)(8)%
Total DomesticTotal Domestic105,404 66,960 41,991 38,444 57 %24,969 59 %
InternationalInternational13,074 (481)(6,615)13,555 NM6,134 93 %
Total Angi Inc.Total Angi Inc.118,478 66,479 35,376 51,999 78 %31,103 88 %
SearchSearch108,381 57,037 111 %51,344 Search44,283 83,486 83,486 108,381 108,381 (39,203)(39,203)(47)(47)%(24,895)(23)(23)%
Emerging & OtherEmerging & Other33,383 71,082 NM(37,699)Emerging & Other41,839 (23,043)(23,043)25,872 25,872 64,882 64,882 NMNM(48,915)NMNM
CorporateCorporate(95,985)51,448 35 %(147,433)Corporate(90,873)(79,521)(79,521)(95,985)(95,985)(11,352)(11,352)(14)(14)%16,464 17 17 %
TotalTotal$107,266 $2,044 %$105,222 Total$336,484 $$199,550 $$107,266 $$136,934 69 69 %$92,284 86 86 %
As a percentage of revenueAs a percentage of revenue3%4%
As a percentage of revenue
As a percentage of revenue

54


For a reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders to operating loss to Adjusted EBITDA, see "Principles of Financial Reporting." For a reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the Company's reportable segments, see "Note 13—10Segment Information" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Dotdash Meredith Adjusted EBITDA decreased 49%increased $70.6 million to $33.6$222.8 million despite higher revenue,due to increases in Adjusted EBITDA of $56.3 million and $33.1 million from Digital and Print, respectively, partially offset by an increase in Adjusted EBITDA losses of $18.8 million from Other (unallocated corporate costs).
The Digital Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to $25.2decreases in traffic acquisition costs, compensation expense and the inclusion in 2022 of $33.3 million of restructuring charges and transaction-related expenses, including a $14.3 million impairment of an ROU asset related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition.
The Print Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to the inclusion in 2022 of $34.8 million of restructuring charges and transaction-related costsexpenses.
The Other (unallocated corporate costs) Adjusted EBITDA loss increase was due primarily to an impairment charge of $44.7 million of an ROU asset related to unoccupied lease space recognized in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by the inclusion in 2022 of $12.3 million of restructuring charges and transaction-related expenses and a decrease in expense in 2023 of $8.0 million due to the reversal of certain indemnification liabilities established for tax contingencies in connection with the acquisition of Meredith.
See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith transaction, increasesRestructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-In-Control Payments" to the financial statements included in compensation expense, a"dvertising expense,Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Datathird-party content creation costs," for additional information on impairment and losses from Meredith due primarily to $53.3 million in transaction-related costs associated with its acquisition, includingrestructuring charges, related to double-trigger change in control payments.respectively.
Angi Inc. Adjusted EBITDA decreased 84%increased $52.0 million to $27.9$118.5 million despite higher revenue, due primarily to increases in Adjusted EBITDA of $60.2 million and $13.6 million from Services and International, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in Adjusted EBITDA of $21.6 million from Ads and Leads.
The Services Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to pricing and fulfillment optimization efforts over the past year and lower operating expenses due to a reduced overall cost base as a result of a shift away from complex and less profitable offerings.
The International Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to an increase in revenue and lower selling and marketing expense due to more efficient marketing spend.
The Ads and Leads Adjusted EBITDA decrease was due primarily to lower revenue, partially offset by lower general and administrative expense due to a decrease in the provision for credit losses, a decrease in legal expense due, in part, to a $10.9 million benefit in 2023 related to insurance coverage for previously incurred legal fees, and a decrease in compensation expense and lower selling and marketing expense due to improved marketing efficiency.
Search Adjusted EBITDA decreased 47% to $44.3 million due primarily to lower revenue at Ask Media Group due to a reduction in marketing by affiliate partners driving fewer visitors to ad supported search and content websites and at Desktop resulting from the wind-down of the B2C business.
Emerging & Other Adjusted EBITDA increased $64.9 million to $41.8 million from a loss of $23.0 million due primarily to the growthsale of Angi Services, including $51.2Bluecrew, which had Adjusted EBITDA losses of $23.1 million in the prior year period, reduced losses of $18.5 million at Roofing due primarily to a strategic shift of operations to select markets prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, higher profits at Care.com and Mosaic Group, the inclusion in the second quarter of 2022 of a $9.8 million charge at Vivian Health related to the sale of equity interests held by certain members of its management and the settlement of certain employee stock-based awards in conjunction with an equity raise in the second quarter of 2022 and lower losses at Newco (an IAC incubator).

55


Corporate Adjusted EBITDA loss increased $11.4 million to $90.9 million due primarily to increased compensation expense.
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Dotdash Meredith Adjusted EBITDA increased 353% to $152.1 million, due to higher revenue, and a decrease in transaction-related costs ($7.1 million in 2022 compared to $78.5 million in 2021, inclusive of costs attributablerelated to change-in-control payments), partially offset by $80.2 million in restructuring charges associated with the Meredith acquisition described above under "Dotdash Meredith Restructuring and Other Charges."
Angi Inc. Adjusted EBITDA increased 88% to $66.5 million due primarily to an increase of $32.7 million from Ads and Leads and a decrease of $6.1 million in International Adjusted EBITDA losses, partially offset by increased Adjusted EBITDA losses of $3.9 million from Services and $3.8 million from Other (corporate unallocated costs).
The Ads and Leads Adjusted EBITDA increase was due primarily to higher revenue of $55.0 million, partially offset by increases in general and administrative expense of $23.7 million and selling and marketing of $11.9 million, which are described above.
The International Adjusted EBITDA loss decrease was due primarily to a decrease of $8.6 million in general and administrative expense, due to the inclusion of Angi Roofing, advertising expense attributable to the brand integration initiative described above under "Angi Inc.'s Brand Integration Initiative,"in compensation expense due to increased commission expense and headcount, $9.6 million in one-time costs as a result2021 of Angi Inc. reducing its real estate footprint, and $7.0$7.0 million in charges related to the acquisition of the remaining interests in MyBuilder at a premium to fair value.
The Services Adjusted EBITDA loss increase was due primarily to increases in general and administrative expense of $27.8 million and selling and marketing expense of $13.6 million, partially offset by higher revenue of $91.3 million.

The Other (unallocated corporate costs) Adjusted EBITDA loss increased was due primarily to an increase in general and administrative expense, which is described above.
Search Adjusted EBITDA increased 111%decreased $24.9 million to $108.4$83.5 million due primarily to an increasea decrease in Ask Media Group revenue and thean increase in online marketing and a decrease of $73.7 million in marketing at Desktop as it substantially reduced marketing of its B2C productsrevenue and an increase in January 2021 and the subsequent elimination of all marketing of B2C products beginning in early March 2021traffic acquisition costs as a result of Google policy changes.higher revenue share rates resulting in higher expense compared to the prior year.
Emerging & Other Adjusted EBITDA increased $71.1decreased $48.9 million to $33.4 million from a loss of $37.7$23.0 million due primarily to increased profits at Care.com as 2020 included $34.0 million in transaction-related itemsthe inclusion of expense from its acquisition (including $17.3 million in deferred revenue write-offs and $16.7 million in transaction-related costs), and profitsRoofing for twelve months in the current year compared to lossessix months in the prior year, a $9.8 million charge at Vivian Health related to the sale of equity interests held by certain members of its management and the settlement of certain employee stock-based awards in conjunction with an equity raise in the second quarter of 2022, lower profits at IAC Films.Films and Mosaic Group and increased losses at Newco, Daily Beast and Bluecrew, which was sold on November 9, 2022, partially offset by higher profits at Care.com.
Corporate Adjusted EBITDA loss decreased 35%17% to $96.0$79.5 million due primarily to a decrease in compensation expense due primarily to decreases in bonuses and payroll taxes and the inclusion in 20202021 of the $25.0$6.2 million contribution to the IAC Fellows endowment, a decrease inof transaction-related costs ($19.7 million and $2.2 million related to the MTCH Separation and the Spin-off, respectively, in 2020 compared to $6.2 million in connection with the Spin-offSpin-off.
Interest expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest expense$(157,632)$(110,165)$(34,264)$(47,467)43 %$(75,901)(222)%
For the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022
Interest expense in 2021),2023 increased from 2022 due primarily to an increase in interest rates from 8.22% and 5.91% at December 31, 2022to 9.44% and 7.69% at December 31, 2023on the prior year period reflecting higher employer payroll taxes related to Match Group stock option exercises by IAC employees.Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, respectively.

5056


Interest expense
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest expense$34,264 $18,098 112 %$16,166 
For the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Interest expense in 20212022 increased from 20202021 due primarily to the issuance of the ANGI Group Senior Notes in August 2020, the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs associated with the termination of the ANGI Group Revolving Facility in August 2021, the borrowings of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans and commitment fees relating toincurred in December 2021, partially offset by the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility in Decemberdecrease resulting from the repayment of the ANGI Group Term Loan during the second quarter of 2021 and the write-off of deferred financing costs in 2021 associated with the termination of a bridge facility entered into by IAC in connection with the Meredith transaction, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense due to the repayment of the ANGI Group Term Loan during the second quarter of 2021 and the inclusion in 2020 of the write-off of deferred financing costs as a result of the termination of the IAC Group Credit Facility in October 2020. Interest expense was further impacted by a decrease in interest expense on the ANGI Group Term Loan due to lower interest rates and the decrease in the average outstanding balance compared to the prior year period.transaction.

57


Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in MGM Resorts International ("MGM")
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International$789,283 $(51,267)(6)%$840,550 
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in MGM Resorts International$721,668 $(723,515)$789,283 $1,445,183 NM$(1,512,798)NM
TheDuring the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, and $840.5 millionrespectively on its investment in MGM duringand were due to changes in the years endedprice of MGM's common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the second and third quarters of 2020,2023, the Company purchased a total of 59.0 million sharesowns 19.8% of MGM.
Other income (expense), net
 Years Ended December 31,
 20212020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant$104,018 $(1,213)
Unrealized gain related to an investment following its initial public offering18,788 — 
Upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values8,892 — 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security7,174 — 
Realized gains related to the sale of investments5,773 10,373 
Realized gains related to the sale of business4,209 1,061 
Interest income1,351 7,177 
Net periodic pension benefit costs, other than the service cost component(17,858)— 
Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net (a)
(13,636)674 
Loss on the extinguishment of debt (b)
(1,110)— 
Impairments related to COVID-19 (c)
— (59,001)
Other(5,747)(1,632)
Other income (expense), net$111,854 $(42,561)
$ Change$154,415 
% ChangeNM
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (Dollars in thousands)
Interest income$71,114 $24,916 $1,351 
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant2,832 (62,495)104,018 
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net(a)
1,528 (8,503)(13,636)
Net periodic pension benefit credit (cost), other than the service cost component(b)
139 (206,422)(17,858)
Net (downward) upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values and realized gains on sales of businesses and investments(c)(d)
(19,201)59,299 18,874 
Unrealized (loss) gain related to marketable equity securities(145)(20,342)18,788 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security— — 7,174 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(e)
— — (1,110)
Other7,595 (4,238)(5,747)
Other income (expense), net$63,862 $(217,785)$111,854 
$ Change$281,647 $(329,639)
% ChangeNMNM
_____________________
(a)    Includes $10.0 million in foreign exchange losses primarily related to the substantial liquidation of certain foreign subsidiaries.subsidiaries in the year ended December 31, 2021.
(b)     Includes pre-tax actuarial gains (losses) of $1.7 million, $(213.4) million and $(7.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the pension plans in the U.S and U.K. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information.
(c)    Includes downward and upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net (downward) and upward adjustments of $(20.2) million, $(89.1) million and $8.9 million, respectively.
(d) Includes a gain of approximately $132.2 million on the sale of Bluecrew in the year ended December 31, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the sale of Bluecrew, which was included within Emerging & Other, to EmployBridge, a provider of light industrial staffing solutions, for cash and stock with the Company becoming a minority shareholder in the combined company.
(e)     Represents the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs related to the ANGI Group Term Loan, which was repaid in its entirety during the second quarter of 2021.
(c)     Includes $51.5 million in impairments related to investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values and $7.5 million in impairments of a note receivable and a warrant related to certain investees in the year ended December 31, 2020.

5158



Income tax (provision) benefit
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2021$ Change% Change2020 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
(Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands)
Income tax (provision) benefitIncome tax (provision) benefit$(138,990)$(184,697)NM$45,707 Income tax (provision) benefit$(108,818)$$331,087 $$(138,990)$$(439,905)NMNM$470,077 NMNM
Effective income tax rateEffective income tax rate19%NM
For further details of income tax matters, see "Note 3—14—Income Taxes" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
In 2023, the effective income tax rate is higher than the statutory rate of 21% due primarily to state taxes and nondeductible compensation expense, partially offset by research credits.
In 2022, the effective income tax rate was higher than the statutory rate of 21% due primarily to state taxes and research credits, partially offset by the non-deductible portion of the Mosaic Group goodwill impairment charge.
In 2021, the effective income tax rate was lower than the statutory rate of 21% due primarily to excess tax benefits generated by the exercise and vesting of stock-based awards, partially offset by state taxes, an increase in the valuation allowance on beginning-of-the-year deferred tax assets related to the Spin-off and non-deductible transaction-related items associated with the acquisition of Meredith.
In 2020, the income tax benefit was due primarily to excess tax benefits generated by the exercise and vesting of stock-based awards, partially offset by the non-deductible portion of the Desktop impairment.
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
 Years Ended December 31,
 2021$ Change% Change2020
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests$(8,562)$(7,422)651 %$(1,140)
 Years Ended December 31,
 2023202220212023 Change2022 Change
$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
 (Dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests$7,625 $22,285 $8,562 $(14,660)(66)%$13,723 160%

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 20212023, 2022 and 20202021 primarily represents the publicly-held interest in Angi Inc.'s losses.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2022 and 2021 also includes a third partyincluded noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary that holds two marketable equity securities that the Company recorded gains on in 2021. The Company sold its shares in one of theprimarily held investments in the third quarter ofequity securities. The subsidiary recorded net unrealized losses in 2022 and net realized gains in 2021.




5259


PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Company reports Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). This measure is one of the primary metrics by which we evaluate the performance of our businesses, and on which our internal budgets are based and by whichmay impact management is compensated.compensation. We believe that investors should have access to, and we are obligated to provide, the same set of tools that we use in analyzing our results. This non-GAAP measure should be considered in addition to results prepared in accordance with GAAP, but should not be considered a substitute for or superior to GAAP results. The Company endeavors to compensate for the limitations of the non-GAAP measure presented by providing the comparable GAAP measure with equal or greater prominence and descriptions of the reconciling items, including quantifying such items, to derive the non-GAAP measure. We encourage investors to examine the reconciling adjustments between the GAAP and non-GAAP measure, which we discuss below.
Definition of Non-GAAP Measure
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") is defined as operating income excluding: (1) stock-based compensation expense; (2) depreciation; and (3) acquisition-related items consisting of (i) amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets, if applicable, and (ii) gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements. We believe this measure is useful for analysts and investors as this measure allows a more meaningful comparison between our performance and that of our competitors. Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations because it excludes the impact of these expenses.
The following table reconciles net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders to operating loss to Adjusted EBITDA:
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
20212020 202320222021
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$597,547 $269,726 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders
Add back:Add back:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(8,562)(1,140)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax1,831 21,281 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(Earnings) loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Income tax provision (benefit) Income tax provision (benefit)138,990 (45,707)
Other (income) expense, net Other (income) expense, net(111,854)42,561 
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International(789,283)(840,550)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in MGM Resorts International
Interest expense Interest expense34,264 16,166 
Operating lossOperating loss(137,067)(537,663)
Add back:Add back:
Stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Stock-based compensation expenseStock-based compensation expense79,487 188,995 
DepreciationDepreciation75,015 68,823 
Amortization of intangiblesAmortization of intangibles74,839 126,839 
Acquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustmentsAcquisition-related contingent consideration fair value adjustments14,992 (6,918)
Goodwill impairmentGoodwill impairment— 265,146 
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$107,266 $105,222 
For a reconciliation of operating (loss) incomeloss to Adjusted EBITDA for the Company's reportable segments, see "Note 13—10Segment Information" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
Non-Cash Expenses That Are Excluded from Our Non-GAAP Measure
        Stock-based compensation expense consists of expense associated with awards that were granted under various IAC stock and annual incentive plans and expense related to awards issued by certain subsidiaries of the Company. These expenses are not paid in cash and we view the economic costs of stock-based awards to be the dilution to our share base; we also include the related shares in our fully diluted shares outstanding for GAAP earnings per share using the treasury stock method. The Company is currently settling all stock-based awards on a net basis; IAC remits the required tax-withholding amounts for net-settled awards from its current funds.
        Depreciation is a non-cash expense relating to our buildings, capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and equipment and is computed using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated useful lives, or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term, if shorter.

5360


        Amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets are non-cash expenses related primarily to acquisitions. At the time of an acquisition, the identifiable definite-lived intangible assets of the acquired company, such as advertiser relationships, technology, licensee relationships, trade names, technology, subscriber relationships, service professional relationships,content, customer lists and user base, membershipsservice professional relationships and content,subscriber relationships, are valued and amortized over their estimated lives. Value is also assigned to acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets, which comprise trade names and trademarks, and goodwill that are not subject to amortization. An impairment is recorded when the carrying value of an intangible asset or goodwill exceeds its fair value. We believe that intangible assets represent costs incurred by the acquired company to build value prior to acquisition and the related amortization and impairments of intangible assets or goodwill, if applicable, are not ongoing costs of doing business.
Gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements are accounting adjustments to report contingent consideration liabilities at fair value. These adjustments can be highly variable and are excluded from our assessment of performance because they are considered non-operational in nature and, therefore, are not indicative of current or future performance or the ongoing cost of doing business.

5461


FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Financial Position
December 31,
20212020
(In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith cash and cash equivalents:
United States$218,612 $— 
All other countries14,781 612 
Total Dotdash Meredith cash and cash equivalents233,393 612 
Angi Inc. cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities:
United States404,277 793,679 
All other countries23,859 19,026 
Total cash and cash equivalents428,136 812,705 
Marketable debt securities (United States)— 49,995 
Total Angi Inc. cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities428,136 862,700 
IAC (excluding Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc.) cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities:
United States1,408,828 2,466,404 
All other countries48,373 86,455 
Total cash and cash equivalents1,457,201 2,552,859 
Marketable securities (United States)19,788 174,984 
Total IAC (excluding Angi Inc.) cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities1,476,989 2,727,843 
Total cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities$2,138,518 $3,591,155 
Dotdash Meredith Debt:
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A$350,000 $— 
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B1,250,000 — 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debt1,600,000 — 
Less: current portion of Dotdash Meredith long-term debt30,000 — 
Less: original issue discount6,176 — 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs12,139 — 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debt, net1,551,685 — 
ANGI Group Debt:
ANGI Group Senior Notes500,000 500,000 
ANGI Group Term Loan— 220,000 
Total ANGI Group long-term debt500,000 720,000 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs5,448 7,723 
Total ANGI Group long-term debt, net494,552 712,277 
Total long-term debt, net$2,046,237 $712,277 
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Angi Inc. cash and cash equivalents:
United States$354,341 $311,422 
All other countries9,703 9,733 
Total Angi Inc. cash and cash equivalents364,044 321,155 
Dotdash Meredith cash and cash equivalents:
United States243,801 109,000 
All other countries17,779 14,866 
Total Dotdash Meredith cash and cash equivalents261,580 123,866 
IAC (excluding Angi Inc. and Dotdash Meredith) cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities:
United States642,613 939,168 
All other countries29,208 33,201 
Total cash and cash equivalents671,821 972,369 
Marketable securities (United States)148,998 239,373 
Total IAC (excluding Angi Inc. and Dotdash Meredith) cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities820,819 1,211,742 
Total cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities$1,446,443 $1,656,763 
Dotdash Meredith Debt:
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A$315,000 $332,500 
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B1,225,000 1,237,500 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debt1,540,000 1,570,000 
Less: current portion of Dotdash Meredith long-term debt30,000 30,000 
Less: original issue discount4,470 5,310 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs8,423 10,215 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debt, net1,497,107 1,524,475 
ANGI Group Debt:
ANGI Group Senior Notes500,000 500,000 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs3,953 4,716 
Total ANGI Group long-term debt, net496,047 495,284 
Total long-term debt, net$1,993,154 $2,019,759 
The Company's international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences. During the year endingended December 31, 2021,2023, international cash totaling $20.6$4.3 million was repatriated to the U.S.
For a detailed description of long-term debt, see "Note 8—Long-term Debt" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

5562



Cash Flow Information
In summary, IAC's cash flows are as follows:
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
20212020 202320222021
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities attributable to continuing operationsOperating activities attributable to continuing operations$118,900 $113,379 
Operating activities attributable to continuing operations
Operating activities attributable to continuing operations
Investing activities attributable to continuing operationsInvesting activities attributable to continuing operations$(2,907,503)$(1,872,183)
Financing activities attributable to continuing operationsFinancing activities attributable to continuing operations$1,115,737 $4,202,665 
Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations consists of net earnings adjusted for non-cash items and the effect of changes in working capital, and acquisition-related contingent consideration payments (to the extent greater than the liability initially recognized at the time of acquisition).capital. Non-cash adjustments include the unrealized gain(gains) losses on the investment in MGM, goodwill impairments, stock-based compensation expense, deferred income taxes, amortization of intangibles, pension and postretirement benefit cost, depreciation, stock-based compensation expense, provision for credit losses, goodwill impairment, unrealized (increase) decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrant, non-cash lease expense (including ROU impairments) and net losses (gains) on investments in equity securities and sales of businesses.
2023
Adjustments to net earnings consist primarily of amortization of intangibles of $296.0 million, depreciation of $175.1 million, stock-based compensation expense of $117.2 million, non-cash lease expense of $101.7 million, deferred income taxes of $88.8 million, provision forof credit losses depreciation,of $87.7 million, net (gains) losses on investments in equity securities and sales of businesses of $19.3 million and goodwill impairment of $9.0 million, partially offset by an unrealized gain on the investment in MGM of $721.7 million and an unrealized increase in the estimated fair value of a warrant of $2.8 million. The decrease from changes in working capital include a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $120.3 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $74.3 million and an increase in accounts receivable of $37.3 million. The decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities is due, in part, to a decrease in accrued traffic acquisition costs and related payables at Search and Dotdash Meredith, a decrease in accrued advertising at Angi Inc. and Search and a decrease in accrued employee compensation, due primarily to restructuring related severance payments at Dotdash Meredith. The decrease in operating lease liabilities is due to cash payments on leases net of interest accretion. The increase in accounts receivable is due primarily to timing of cash receipts at Angi and an increase in revenue relative to the fourth quarter of 2022 at Dotdash Meredith Digital, partially offset by a decrease in revenue relative to the fourth quarter of 2022 at Search.
Net cash used in investing activities includes $455.4 million for the purchases of marketable debt securities, capital expenditures of $141.4 million, primarily related to payment of approximately $80 million for the acquisition of the formerly leased land under IAC's New York City headquarters building as well as investments of $45.2 million in capitalized software at Angi Inc. to support its products and services, and $103.6 million for the purchase of additional preferred shares of Turo, partially offset by maturities of marketable debt securities of $550.0 million, net proceeds from the sales of assets of $29.8 million, including $28.2 million related to the sale of a building at Dotdash Meredith, net proceeds from the sales of businesses and investments of $11.9 million and net collections of notes receivable of $11.3 million.
Net cash used in financing activities includes the repurchase of 3.2 million shares of IAC common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $165.6 million at an average price of $51.00 per share, principal payments on Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B of $30.0 million, the repurchase of 4.4 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $10.9 million at an average price of $2.50 per share, withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees, excluding Angi Inc., for stock-based awards that were net settled of $10.6 million and withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees for stock-based awards that were net settled of $6.0 million.

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2022
Adjustments to net loss attributable to continuing operations consist primarily of an unrealized loss on the investment in MGM of $723.5 million, amortization of intangibles of $307.7 million, pension and postretirement benefit cost of $210.0 million, depreciation of $131.0 million, stock-based compensation expense of $123.5 million, provision of credit losses of $116.6 million, goodwill impairment of $112.8 million, non-cash lease expense (including right-of-useROU asset impairments) of $70.9 million and an unrealized decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrant of $62.5 million, partially offset by deferred income taxes of $337.8 million and net gains on sales of businesses and investments in equity securities of $39.0 million. The decrease from changes in working capital include a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $247.9 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $66.7 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $63.8 million and a decrease in deferred revenue of $11.0 million. The decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities is due primarily to (i) a decrease in accrued employee compensation due, in part, to change-in-control payments, partially offset by an increase in restructuring charges, at Dotdash Meredith, (ii) a decrease in accrued traffic acquisition costs and related payables at Search, (iii) a decrease in accounts payable at Dotdash Meredith due primarily to timing of payments and lower spend due to the discontinuation of certain print publications, (iv) a payment of pre-acquisition income tax indemnification liabilities at Dotdash Meredith and (v) a decrease in customer deposit liabilities at Dotdash Meredith due, in part, to the discontinuation of certain print publications. The increase in accounts receivable is due primarily to revenue growth at Angi Inc., primarily attributable to Services, and pensionan increase in revenue related to various production deals at IAC Films, partially offset by a decrease in revenue at Search and postretirement benefit expense.a decrease at Dotdash Meredith primarily due to the discontinuation of certain publications, reduced circulation of other publications and continued secular declines at Print and decreases in performance marketing and advertising revenue at Digital. The decrease in operating lease liabilities is due to cash payments on leases net of interest accretion. The decrease in deferred revenue is due primarily to timing of the utilization of services provided through Care for Business at Care.com, lower annual memberships at Angi Inc., primarily at Ads and Leads, and a decrease in Digital licensing contracts at Dotdash Meredith.
Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations includes $244.3 million for the purchase of 5.7 million additional shares of MGM, $233.9 million for the purchase of marketable debt securities and capital expenditures of $139.8 million primarily related to investments in capitalized software at Angi Inc., Care.com and Dotdash Meredith, partially offset by net proceeds from the sale of certain businesses and investments of $90.8 million and a collection of notes receivable of $19.5 million.
Net cash used in financing activities attributable to continuing operations includes the repurchase of 1.1 million shares of IAC common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $85.3 million at an average price of $77.44 per share, principal payments on Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B of $30.0 million, withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees, excluding Angi Inc., for stock-based awards that were net settled of $18.1 million, withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees for stock-based awards that were net settled of $8.8 million and the repurchase of 1.0 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $8.1 million at an average price of $7.80 per share, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees of $34.7 million.
2021
Adjustments to net earnings attributable to continuing operations consist primarily of an unrealized gain on the investment in MGM of $789.3 million, an unrealized increase in the estimated fair value of a warrant of $104.0 million and net gains on sales of businesses and investments in equity securities of $40.6$44.8 million, partially offset by deferred income taxes of $133.4 million, provision of credit losses of $89.9 million, stock-based compensation expense of $79.5 million, depreciation of $75.0 million, amortization of intangibles of $74.8 million, non-cash lease expense (including right-of-useROU asset impairments) of $35.7 million and pension and postretirement benefit expensecost of $18.2 million. The decrease from changes in working capital primarily consists of an increase in accounts receivable of $157.0$154.9 million and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $31.0 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of $82.8$90.3 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $8.3 million. The increase in accounts receivable is due primarily to revenue growth at Angi Inc., primarily attributable to Angi Services, and an increase at Search due primarily to revenue growth, partially offset by timing of cash receipts. The decrease in operating lease liabilities is due to cash payments on leases net of interest accretion. The increase in accounts payable and other liabilities is due primarily to increases in (i) accrued traffic acquisition costs and related payables at Search, (ii) accrued advertising and related payables at Angi Inc., (iii) accrued sales returns at Angi Inc., (iv) accrued professional fees at Dotdash Meredith, primarily related to transaction-related costs associated with the acquisition of Meredith and (iv)(v) customer deposit liability due to the inclusion of Meredith, partially offset by a decrease in accrued compensation costs due primarily to a decrease in deferred payroll tax payments under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, and payments of cash bonuses. The increase in deferred revenue is due primarily to the growth in subscription sales at Care.com.

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Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations includes cash used for acquisitions of $2.7 billion, principally related to the acquisitions of Meredith at Dotdash for $2.7 billion and Angi Roofing at Angi Inc. for $25.4 million, the cash distribution related to the spin-off of Vimeo of $333.2 million, capital expenditures of $90.2 million primarily related to investments in capitalized software at Angi Inc. to support its products and services and payment of $12.7 million related to the purchase of a 50% interest in an aircraft at Corporate, and purchases of investments of $24.3 million, primarily related to Turo preferred shares, partially offset by maturities of marketable debt securities of $225.0 million and net proceeds from the sale of businesses and investments of $16.5 million, primarily related to the sales of certain investments.
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations includes the borrowings of Dotdash Meredith Term Loans of $1.6 billion, partially offset by a prepayment of the ANGI Group Term Loan of $220.0 million, which otherwise would have matured on November 5, 2023, withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees, excluding Angi Inc., for stock-based awards that were net settled of $96.0 million, withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees for stock-based awards that were net settled of $61.9 million, the repurchase of 3.2 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $35.4 million at an average price of $11.06 per share, the purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interests of $30.3 million, and debt issuance costs of $23.5 million, primarily related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans and Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility.

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2020
Adjustments to net earnings from continuing operations consist primarily of $840.6 million of the unrealized gain on the investment in MGM and $18.4 million of deferred income taxes, partially offset by a $265.1 million goodwill impairment, $189.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, $126.8 million of amortization of intangibles, including impairments of $32.2 million, $78.9 million of provision for credit losses, $68.8 million of depreciation, $41.1 million of losses on equity securities, net, which includes $51.5 million of impairments of certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and non-cash lease expense (including right-of-use asset impairments) of $30.0 million. The decrease from changes in working capital primarily consists of an increase in accounts receivable of $131.7 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $29.8 million, an increase in other assets of $24.8 million, and a decrease in income taxes payable and receivable of $11.6 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of $36.0 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $25.1 million. The increase in accounts receivable is primarily due to revenue growth at Angi Inc., Care.com, and Dotdash. The decrease in operating lease liabilities is due to cash payments on leases net of interest accretion. The increase in other assets is primarily due to increases in capitalized sales commissions at Angi Inc. and capitalized production costs of various production deals at IAC Films, partially offset by a decrease in capitalized downloadable search toolbar costs at Search. The decrease in income taxes payable and receivable is due primarily to the settlement of audits and 2020 income tax payments in excess of 2020 income tax accruals. The increase in accounts payable and other liabilities is primarily due to increases in: (i) accrued traffic acquisition costs at Search, (ii) accrued employee compensation due, in part to the deferral of payroll tax payments under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, partially offset by timing of payments of cash bonuses, (iii) third-party accrued interest at Angi Inc., and (iv) accrued advertising and related payables at Angi Inc. and Mosaic. The increase in deferred revenue is due primarily to growth in subscription sales at Care.com.
Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations includes $1.0 billion for the purchase of 59.0 million shares of MGM, cash used for investments and acquisitions of $686.4 million, which is primarily related to the Care.com acquisition, purchases (net of maturities) of marketable debt securities of $174.8 million, and capital expenditures of $60.7 million, which is primarily related to investments in capitalized software at Angi Inc. to support their products and services, and leasehold improvements, partially offset by a decrease in notes receivable—related party of $54.8 million, and proceeds from the sale of businesses and investments of $26.1 million, which are primarily related to the sales of Dictionary and Electus in 2018, a portion of the proceeds of which were held in escrow and received in 2020, and the sales of certain investments.
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations includes cash transfers from Old IAC to the Company pursuant to the terms of the MTCH Separation of $1.7 billion and cash merger consideration of $837.9 million paid by Old IAC in connection with the MTCH Separation, proceeds related to the sale of Old IAC Class M common stock of $1.4 billion, and proceeds from the issuance of the ANGI Group Senior Notes of $500.0 million, partially offset by withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees for stock-based awards that were net settled of $85.1 million, withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees for stock-based awards that were net settled of $64.1 million, the repurchase of 8.5 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock, on a settlement date basis, for $63.7 million at an average price of $7.47 per share, principal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan of $27.5 million, including prepayment of the $13.8 million of principal payments that were otherwise due in 2021, debt issuance costs of $6.5 million, and the purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interests of $4.3 million.
Discontinued Operations
Net cash provided by discontinued operations in the yearsyear ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 of $319.2 million and $190.5 million, respectively, relates to the operations of Vimeo. The Company does not expectThere were no cash flows from discontinued operations following the Spin-off.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Acquisition of MeredithFinancing Arrangements
As discussed above, on December 1, 2021, Dotdash completed the acquisition of Meredith under the terms of an agreement dated as of October 6, 2021 and, following the acquisition, the parent of the combined entity isIn March 2023, Dotdash Meredith Inc. The aggregate purchase price was $2.7 billion.

Financing Arrangements
entered into interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027, to manage interest rate risk exposure. Dotdash Meredith Term Loansdesignated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility

On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith, Inc. entered into the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, which provides for (a) the five-yearapplies hedge accounting to these contracts. The interest rate swaps synthetically convert $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (b) the seven-year $1.25 billion Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and (c) the five-year $150 million Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility. The proceeds of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans were used to fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Meredith and pay related fees and expenses.

The outstanding balances on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B were $350.0 million and $1.25 billion and bore interest at 2.15% and 4.50% at December 31, 2021, respectively. Interest payments are due at least quarterly through maturity of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A requires quarterly principal payments of $4.4 million through December 31, 2024, $8.8 million through December 31, 2025 and $13.1 million thereafter through maturity. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B requires quarterly payments of $3.1 million through maturity. Commencing December 31, 2022, pursuant to the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B may require additional annual principal payments as partfor the duration of an excess cash flow sweep provision, the amountinterest rate swaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate of which, in part, is governed byapproximately 7.92% ((i) the net leverage ratio.weighted average fixed interest rate of approximately 3.82% on the interest rate swaps plus (ii) the adjustment to the secured overnight financing rate of 0.10% plus (iii) the base rate of 4.00%), beginning on April 3, 2023.

There were noFor a detailed description of long-term debt and interest rate swaps, see "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Investment in MGM
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, including a total of 5.7 million common shares purchased in the first and third quarters of 2022 for $244.3 million. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility at December 31, 2021. The annual commitment fee on undrawn funds is based on2023, the consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, most recently reported and was 35 basis points at December 31, 2021. Any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility would bear interest, at Dotdash Meredith's option, at either a base rate or term benchmark rate, plus an applicable margin, which is based on Dotdash Meredith's net leverage ratio.

Commencing March 31, 2022, the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement requires Dotdash Meredith to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio asCompany owns 19.8% of the last day of each quarter of no greater than 5.5 to 1.0 provided that either (i) $1.00 or more is drawn under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility or Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, or (ii) the outstanding face amount of undrawn letters of credit, other than cash collateralized letters of credit at 102%, exceeds $25 million, subject to certain increases for qualifying material acquisitions.
The obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith's wholly-owned subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries.
ANGI Group Debt
As of May 6, 2021, the outstanding balance of the ANGI Group Term Loan was repaid in its entirety. The outstanding balance of the ANGI Group Term Loan at December 31, 2020 was $220.0 million and bore interest at 2.16%.
The $250 million ANGI Group Revolving Facility, which otherwise would have expired on November 5, 2023, was terminated effective August 3, 2021. No amounts were ever drawn under the ANGI Group Revolving Facility prior to its termination.

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MGM.
Investment in MGM Resorts InternationalTuro
On February 16, 2022,In April 2023, the Company purchased an additional 4.5 millionpreferred shares of MGMTuro for $202.5$103.6 million. Following this purchase, the Company ownsAt December 31, 2023, IAC's aggregate percentage ownership in Turo is approximately 63.5 million shares, representing a 14.4%ownership interest in MGM as of February 16, 2022.30%, on an as-converted basis.
Share Repurchase Authorizations and Activity
AtDuring the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, IAC repurchased 3.2 million shares of its common stock, on a trade date basis, at an average price of $51.00 per share, or $165.6 million in aggregate. At February 9, 2024, IAC has 8.0had 3.7 million shares remaining in its share repurchase authorization.

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During the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, Angi Inc. repurchased 3.24.4 million shares of its Class A common stock, on a trade date basis, at an average price of $11.06$2.50 per share, or $35.4$11.1 million in aggregate. During the fourth quarter of 2023, Angi Inc. put in place a share repurchase plan with the intent of utilizing the remaining shares in its stock repurchase authorization. The plan will be subject to price and volume limitations. From January 1, 20222024 through February 11, 2022,9, 2024, Angi Inc. repurchased an additional 1.02.7 million shares at an average price of $7.80,$2.36, or $8.1$6.3 million in aggregate. At February 9, 2024, Angi Inc. has 15.0had 7.9 million shares remaining in its share repurchase authorization as of February 11, 2022.authorization.
IAC and Angi Inc. may purchase their shares pursuant to their authorizations over an indefinite period of time onin the open market and in privately negotiated transactions, depending on those factors management deems relevant at any particular time, including, without limitation, market conditions, share price and future outlook.
Outstanding Stock-based Awards
IAC and Angi Inc. may settle stock options, stock settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and restricted stock on a gross or a net basis based upon factors deemed relevant by management at the time. To the extent that equity awards are settled on a net basis, the holders of the awards receive shares of IAC or Angi Inc., as applicable, with a value equal to the fair value of the award on the vest date for RSUs and restricted stock and with a value equal to the intrinsic value of the award upon exercise for stock options or stock settled appreciation rights less, in each case, an amount equal to the required cash tax withholding payment, which will be paid by IAC or Angi Inc., as applicable, on the employee's behalf. All awards are being settled currently on a net basis.
Certain previously issued Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights are settleable in either shares of Angi Inc. common stock or shares of IAC common stock at IAC's option.If settled in IAC common stock, Angi Inc. reimburses IAC in shares of Angi Inc.'s common stock.

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The following table summarizes (i) the aggregate intrinsic value of IAC options, Angi Inc. options, Angi Inc. stock settled stock appreciation rights, IAC and Angi Inc. non-publicly traded subsidiary denominated stock settled stock appreciation rights, IAC options, Angi Inc. stock settled stock appreciation rights and Angi Inc. options and (ii) the aggregate fair value (based on stock prices as of February 11, 2022)9, 2024) of IAC and Angi Inc. RSUs and IAC restricted stock outstanding as of that date; assuming these awards were net settled on that date, the withholding taxes that would be paid by the CompanyIAC and Angi Inc. on behalf of employees upon exercise or vesting that would be payable (assuming these equity awards are net settled with a 50% tax rate), and the shares that would have been issued are as follows:
Aggregate intrinsic value / fair value of awards outstandingEstimated withholding taxes payable on vested shares and shares that will vest by December 31, 2022Estimated withholding taxes payable on shares that will vest after December 31, 2022Estimated IAC shares to be issued
(In thousands)
Aggregate intrinsic value / fair value of awards outstandingAggregate intrinsic value / fair value of awards outstandingEstimated withholding taxes payable on vested shares and
shares that will vest by December 31, 2024
Estimated withholding taxes payable on
shares that will vest after December 31, 2024
Estimated IAC shares to be issued
(In thousands)(In thousands)
IACIAC
Stock settled stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of certain non-publicly traded IAC subsidiaries other than Angi Inc. subsidiaries (a)
Stock settled stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of certain non-publicly traded IAC subsidiaries other than Angi Inc. subsidiaries (a)
Stock settled stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of certain non-publicly traded IAC subsidiaries other than Angi Inc. subsidiaries (a)
Stock settled stock appreciation rights denominated in shares of certain non-publicly traded IAC subsidiaries other than Angi Inc. subsidiaries (a)
$53,633 $17,418 $9,398 201 
IAC denominated stock options (b)
IAC denominated stock options (b)
345,579 172,790 — 1,296 
IAC RSUs (c)
IAC RSUs (c)
224,126 7,073 101,479 867 
IAC restricted stock (d)
IAC restricted stock (d)
209,766 — 104,883 786 
Total IAC outstanding employee stock-based awardsTotal IAC outstanding employee stock-based awards833,104 197,281 215,760 3,150 
Angi Inc.Angi Inc.
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc. RSUs
Angi Inc. RSUs
Angi Inc. RSUs
Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights
Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights
Angi Inc. stock appreciation rightsAngi Inc. stock appreciation rights5,309 2,654 — See footnote (f) below— — — — — See footnote (f) belowSee footnote (f) below
Other Angi Inc. equity awards (a)(e)
Other Angi Inc. equity awards (a)(e)
131,743 13,951 51,089 See footnote (f) below
Other Angi Inc. equity awards (a)(e)
3,302 956 956 695 695 See footnote (f) belowSee footnote (f) below
Total Angi outstanding employee stock-based awards137,052 16,605 51,089 
Total Angi Inc. outstanding employee stock-based awards
Total outstanding employee stock-based awardsTotal outstanding employee stock-based awards$970,156 $213,886 $266,849 
Total outstanding employee stock-based awards
Total outstanding employee stock-based awards
_______________

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(a)    The number of shares ultimately needed to settle these awards and the cash withholding tax obligation may vary significantly as a result of the determination of the fair value of the relevant subsidiary at the time of exercise. In addition, the number of shares required to settle these awards will be impacted by movement in the stock price of IAC.IAC and Angi Inc.
(b)    The Company has the discretion to settle these awards net of withholding tax and exercise price (which is represented in the table above) or settle on a gross basis and require the award holderholders to pay its share of therelated withholding tax,taxes, which he or she may do by selling shares of IAC common shares.stock upon exercise. Assuming all IAC stock options outstanding on February 11, 20229, 2024 were settled on a gross basis i.e.(i.e., through the issuance of a number of shares of IAC common sharesstock equal to the number of stock options exercised,exercised), the Company would have issued 2.6 million2.9 million shares of IAC common sharesstock and would have received $40.536.5 million in cash proceeds. These amounts reflect adjustments made to IAC awards upon the completion of the Spin-off.
(c)    Approximately 80% 65% of the estimatedestimated withholding taxes payable on shares that willupon the vesting of RSUs scheduled to vest after December 31, 20222024 is related to awardsRSUs that are scheduled to cliff vest in 2025 the(the five-year anniversary of the grant date), subject to continued employment through the vesting date.
(d)    On November 5, 2020, the Company granted 3.0 million shares of IAC restricted common stock to its CEO, that cliff vest on the ten-year anniversary of the grant date based on satisfaction of IAC's stock price targets and subject to continued employment through the vesting date. As of the date of this report, the price per share of IAC common stock was below the minimum price threshold to earn the award.
(e)    Includes Angi Inc. stock options RSUs and subsidiary denominated equity.
(f)    Pursuant to the employee matters agreement between IAC and Angi Inc., certain stock appreciation rights of Angi Inc. and equity awards denominated in shares of Angi Inc.'s subsidiaries may be settled in either shares of Angi Inc. common stock or IAC common stock. To the extent shares of IAC common stock are issued in settlement of these awards, Angi Inc. is obligated to reimburse IAC for the cost of those shares by issuing shares of Angi Inc. common stock.
For a detailed description of employee stock-based awards, see "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

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Contractual Obligations
The Company enters into various contractual arrangements as a part of its continued operations. AtMaterial contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021, material obligations discussed2023 are described in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included inwithin "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data"; these include operating leases as described in "Note 6—Leases, included" principal and interest payments on the Company's long-term debt discussed above andas described in "Note 8—7Long-Term Debt," operating leases discussed in "Note 14—Leases," and pension and postretirement benefits discussedas described in "Note 17—13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans."
In addition, at December 31, 2021, theThe Company has material purchase obligations, which represent legally binding agreements to purchase goods and services that specify all significant terms. TheseFuture payments under these agreements at December 31, 2023 are as follows:
 Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
 Less Than
1 Year
1-3
Years
3-5
Years
More Than
5 Years
Total
Amounts
Committed
 (In thousands)
Purchase obligations$93,483 $4,590 $— $— $98,073 
Purchase obligations are discussedinclude future payments of (i) $43.0 million for the final payment related to a three-year cloud computing arrangement, with payment expected to be made by September 2024, (ii) $12.0 million related to advertisement placement services in "Note 15—Commitments2024, (iii) $4.9 million related to office productivity and Contingencies"email tools, (iv) $4.5 million related to research tools and (v) $3.5 million related to media spend to be made in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."2024.
Capital and Other Expenditures
The Company anticipates that it will need to make capital and other expenditures in connection with the development and expansion of its operations. The Company's 20222024 capital expenditures are expected to be higherlower than 2021its 2023 capital expenditures of $90.2$141.4 million by approximately 20%40% to 30%50%, due primarily due to the developmentacquisition of the formerly leased land under IAC's New York City headquarters building in 2023, partially offset by an increase related to capitalized software to support products and services at Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc.
Liquidity Assessment
On a consolidated basis, the Company generated positive cash flows from operating activities of $189.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023; excluding the positive cash flows from operating activities of $94.2 million and $14.0 million generated by Angi Inc. and Dotdash Meredith, respectively, the Company generated positive cash flows from operating activities of $81.4 million.

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At December 31, 2021,2023, the Company's consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable equity securities, excluding MGM, was $2.1were $1.4 billion, of which $428.1$364.0 million and $233.4$261.6 million was held by Angi Inc. and Dotdash Meredith, respectively. After giving effect to the purchase of the additional 4.5 million shares of MGM for $202.5 million on February 16, 2022, the cash held by the Company at December 31, 2021, exclusive of cash held by Angi and Dotdash Meredith, would have been $1.3 billion. The Company's consolidated debt includes $1.6approximately $1.5 billion, which is a liability of Dotdash Meredith, Inc., a subsidiary of IAC, and $500.0 million, which is a liability of ANGI Group, a subsidiary of Angi Inc. The Company generated $118.9 millionDotdash Meredith Credit Agreement contains covenants that would limit Dotdash Meredith’s ability to pay dividends, incur incremental secured indebtedness, or make distributions or certain investments in the event a default has occurred or if Dotdash Meredith’s consolidated net leverage ratio exceeds 4.0 to 1.0, subject to certain available amounts as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. This ratio was exceeded for the test period ended December 31, 2023. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also permits IAC to, among other things, contribute cash to Dotdash Meredith which will provide additional liquidity to ensure that Dotdash Meredith does not exceed certain consolidated net leverage ratios for any test period, as further defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. In connection with these capital contributions, Dotdash Meredith may make distributions to IAC in amounts not more than any such capital contributions, provided that no default has occurred and is continuing. Such capital contributions and subsequent distributions impact the consolidated net leverage ratios of operating cash flows forDotdash Meredith. During the year ended December 31, 2021, of which $11.22023, IAC contributed $510.0 million and $6.2 million was generated byto Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc., respectively.Dotdash Meredith subsequently distributed back to IAC $405.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and $105.0 million in January 2024. Angi Inc. is a separate and distinct legal entityan independent public company with its own public shareholders and board of directors and has no obligation to provide the Company with funds. As a result, the Company cannot freely access the cash of Angi Inc. and its subsidiaries. In addition, the terms of the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement contain covenants that would limit Dotdash Meredith’s ability to pay dividends or make distributions in the event a default has occurred or if Dotdash Meredith’s consolidated net leverage ratio (as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement) exceeds 4.0 to 1.0. There were no such limitations at December 31, 2021.

The Company's liquidity could be negatively affected by a decrease in demand for its products and services due to COVID-19economic or other factors. As described in the "COVID-19 Update" section above, to date, the COVID-19 outbreak and measures designed to curb its spread have adversely impacted the Company's businesses.
The Company believes itsAngi Inc.'s and Dotdash Meredith's existing cash, cash equivalents marketable debt securities, and expected positive cash flows generated from operations, and the Company's existing cash and cash equivalents and expected positive cash flows from operations, excluding Angi Inc. and Dotdash Meredith, will be sufficient to fund itstheir respective normal operating requirements, including capital expenditures, debt service, the payment of withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees for net-settled stock-based awards and investing and other commitments for the foreseeable future.next twelve months. The Company may need to raise additional capital through future debt or equity financing to make additional acquisitions and investments. Additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to the Company, or at all, whichand may also be impacted by any disruptions in the financial markets caused by COVID-19 or otherwise.markets. The indebtedness at the Company's subsidiariesDotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. could further limit itsthe Company's ability to raise incrementaladditional financing.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The following disclosure is provided to supplement the descriptions of IAC's accounting policies contained in "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in regard to significant areas of judgment. Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions during the preparation of its financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). These estimates, judgments and assumptions impact the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Because of the size of the financial statement elements to which they relate, some of our accounting policies and estimates have a more significant impact on our financial statements than others. What follows is a discussion of some of our more significant accounting policies and estimates.
Business Combinations and Contingent Consideration Arrangements
Acquisitions, which are generally referred to in GAAP as business combinations, are an important part of the Company's growth strategy. The Company invested $2.7 billion and $685.2 million in acquisitions in the year ended December 31, 2021. There were no acquisitions made in the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 2020, respectively.2022. The purchase price of each acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill.
Management makes two critical determinations at the time of an acquisition: (1) the reporting unitunit(s) that will benefit from the acquisition and to which goodwill will be assigned and (2) the allocation of the purchase price of the acquired business to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based upon their fair values. The reporting unit determination is important beyond the initial allocation of purchase price because future impairment assessments of goodwill, as described below, are performed at the reporting unit level. Historically, when the Company’s acquisitions have been complementary to existing reporting units, for example, the 2021 acquisition of Total Home Roofing by Angi Inc., the goodwill is allocated to an existing reporting unit. Acquisitions within the Emerging & Other reportable segment, such as Care.com in 2020, usually result in the creation of a new reporting unit because it is a standalone business with unique product offerings, management or target markets, for example.markets. The acquisition of Meredith closed on December 1, 2021. The2021 and the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, andthe determination of the reporting units for Meredith is still in process of being assessed. Once that is completed the determination of fair value of the reporting units will need to be determined so that goodwill can be allocated. Therefore,and the allocation of goodwill forto the acquisitionreporting units were finalized during the fourth quarter of Meredith is not complete as of December 31, 2021.2022. See "Note 5—4—Business CombinationsCombination" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for a description of the preliminary status of the accounting for this business combination.
The allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based upon their fair values and is complex because of the judgments involved in determining these values. The determination of purchase price and the fair value of monetary assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically the least complex aspect of the Company’s accounting for business combinations due to management’s experience and/or the inherently lower level of judgment required. Due to the higher degree of complexity associated with the valuation of acquired intangible assets, the Company usually obtains the assistance of outside valuation experts in the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired, which can be both definite-lived, such as advertiser/customeradvertiser, licensee and subscriber relationships, certain acquired trade names and trademarks, digital content and acquired technology, or indefinite lived, such as certain acquired trade names and trademarks. While outside valuation experts may be used, management has the ultimate responsibility for the valuation methods, models and inputs used and the resulting purchase price allocation. The excess purchase price over the value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to the reporting unit(s) expected to benefit from the business combination as of the acquisition date.

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In connection with certain business combinations, the Company has entered into contingent consideration arrangements that are determined to be part of the purchase price. The premise underlying the accounting for contingent consideration arrangements is that there are divergent views as to the acquired company’s valuation between the Company and the selling shareholders of the acquiree. Therefore, a model is developed with future payments of a portion of the purchase price linked to one or more financial (e.g., revenue and/or profit performance) and/or operating (e.g., number of subscribers) metrics that willmay be achieved over a specified time frame in the future based upon the performance of the business. In keeping with the accounting guidance for business combinations, each of these arrangements is initially recorded at its fair value at the time of the acquisition and the fair value is included in the aggregate purchase price. The Company determines the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements by using probability-weighted analyses to determine the amounts of the gross liability, and, if the arrangement is long-term in nature, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures the risk associated with the obligation to determine the net amount reflected in the financial statements. The number of scenarios used is typically greater for longer-term arrangements. The contingent consideration arrangements are reassessed and reflected at current fair values for each subsequent reporting period thereafter until settled. The changes in the remeasured fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements during each reporting period, including the accretion of the discount, if applicable, are recognized in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations. Significant changes in the specified forecasted financial or operating metrics can result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, which can result in volatility of general and administrative expense as the resulting remeasurement gains and losses are recorded.
Recoverability of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The carrying value of goodwill is $3.2 billion and $1.7$3.0 billion at both December 31, 20212023 and 2020, respectively.2022. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, which consist of the Company's acquired trade names and trademarks, have a carrying value of $679.1$544.2 million and $246.9$631.1 million at December 31, 20212023 and 20202022, respectively.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment as of October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset has declined below its carrying value. In performing its annual goodwill impairment assessment, the Company has the option under GAAP to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value; if the conclusion of the qualitative assessment is that there are no indicators of impairment, the Company does not perform a quantitative test, which would require a valuation of the reporting unit, as of October 1. GAAP provides a not all-inclusive set of examples of macroeconomic, industry, market and company specific factors for entities to consider in performing the qualitative assessment described above; management considers the factors it deems relevant in making its more likely than notmore-likely-than-not assessments. While the Company also has the option under GAAP to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values, the Company's policy is to determine the fair value of each of its indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of October 1, in part, because the level of effort required to perform the quantitative and qualitative assessments is essentially equivalent.
If the conclusion of our qualitative assessment is that there are indicators of impairment and a quantitative test is required, the annual or interim quantitative test of the recovery of goodwill involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the Company's reporting unit that is being tested to its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment equal to the excess is recorded.
The Company’s annual assessment of the recovery of goodwill begins with management’s reassessment of its operating segments and reporting units. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, which is referred to as a component. This reassessment of reporting units is also made each time the Company changes its operating segments.segments to the extent that this also results in a change in reporting units. If the goodwill of a reporting unit is allocated to newly formed reporting units, the allocation is usually made to each reporting unit based upon their relative fair values.
During the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded goodwill impairments of $9.0 million and $86.7 million, respectively, as a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies.

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For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2021,2023, a qualitative assessment of the Angi Inc., Care.com, Bluecrew Ads and Leads, Services and International reporting units and the Vivian Health reporting units'unit goodwill was performed because the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these reporting units was in excess of their respective carrying values. The primary factorsfactors that the Company considered in its qualitative assessment for each of these reporting units are described below:
The Company considered the strong forecasted operating performance, in addition to actual operating results in the current year, of the Angi Inc.'s Ads and Leads and Services reporting units and, based on the Company's latest valuation prepared as of October 1, 2021 market capitalization2022, the excess of $6.2 billion exceeded itsthe estimated fair value of each reporting unit compared to their respective carrying value by approximately $5.0 billion.values.
The Company prepared valuations of the Care.com, BluecrewAngi Inc. International and Vivian Health reporting units primarily in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in the equity of these businesses during the year ended December 31, 2021.2023. The valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2021.2023. The fair value of each of these businesses was in excess of its October 1, 20212023 carrying value.

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For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2021,2023, the Company quantitatively tested the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Mosaic Group and Care.com reporting unit.units. The Company's quantitative test indicated that there wastests resulted in no impairment.impairments. The Company's Ask Media Group, Desktop,remaining reporting units, Dotdash Meredith Print, Search, Roofing, The Daily Beast, IAC Films and Newco, reporting units have no goodwill as of October 1, 2021.2023.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, a quantitative assessment was performed on the Roofing reporting unit; this test resulted in an impairment of $26.0 million due to Roofing exiting certain markets and a projected reduction in future profits from the business, which reduced its fair value.
The aggregate carrying value of goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is approximately $243.0 million.$1.6 billion.
The fair value of the Company's reporting units (except for Angi Inc. described above) is determined using both an income approach based on discounted cash flows ("DCF") and a market approach when it tests goodwill for impairment, either on an interim basis or annual basis as of October 1 each year. The Company uses the same approach in determining the fair value of its businesses in connection with its non-public subsidiary denominated stock-based compensation plans, which can be a significant factor in the decision to apply the qualitative assessment rather than a quantitative test. Determining fair value using a DCF analysis requires the exercise of significant judgment with respect to several items, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and appropriate discount rates. The expected cash flows used in the DCF analyses are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. Assumptions used in the DCF analyses, including the discount rate, are assessed based on each reporting unit's current results and forecasted future performance, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the quantitative testtests for 2023 for determining the fair valuevalues of the Company's reporting units was 15.0% in both 2021Dotdash Meredith Digital, Care.com and 2020 (for the Mosaic Group reporting unit)units were 15.5%, 16% and 16%, respectively, and were intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2022 for determining the fair values of the Company's Mosaic Group and Roofing reporting units were both 16%. Determining fair value using a market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on both acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. From the comparable companies, a representative market multiple is determined, which is applied to financial metrics to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. To determine a peer group of companies for our respective reporting units, we considered companies relevant in terms of consumer use, monetization model, margin and growth characteristics, and brand strength operating in their respective sectors.
The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using an avoided royalty DCF valuation analysis. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include the selection of appropriate royalty and discount rates and estimating the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. The royalty rates used in the DCF analyses are based upon an estimate of the royalty rates that a market participant would pay to license the Company's trade names and trademarks. The future cash flows are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. Assumptions used in the avoided royalty DCF analyses, including the discount rate and royalty rate, are assessed annually based on the actual and projected cash flows related to the asset, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment assessment ranged from 10.0%15% to 40.0%17% in 20212023 and 11.5%12% to 25.0%18.5% in 2020,2022, and the royalty rates used ranged from 1.0%2% to 5.0%8% in 20212023 and 1.0%1% to 5.5%8% in 2020.2022.

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During the third quarter of 2023, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment was an indicator of possible impairment. Following the identification of the indicator, the Company updated its calculation of the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded an impairment of $7.6 million. The discount rate used to value the trade name was 16% and the royalty rate was 8%. A quantitative assessment of this indefinite-lived trade name intangible was prepared as of October 1, 2023; this test resulted in no additional impairment as its carrying value approximates its fair value.
The October 1, 2023 annual quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets identified an impairment of $79.9 million related to certain other indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment. The discount rate used to value these trade names was 15.5% and the royalty rate was 6%.
If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment equal to the excess is recorded. There are noThe aggregate carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the most recent estimateexcess of the excess fair value over carrying value is less than 20%.
The October 1, 2021 annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any impairments.
In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the effects of COVID-19 were an indicator of possible impairment for certain of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets and identified impairments of $212.0 million and $21.4 million related to the goodwill and certain indefinite-lived intangible assets of the Desktop reporting unit.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Desktop reporting unit and the related indefinite-lived intangible assets and recorded impairments equal to the remaining carrying value of the goodwill of $53.2 million and $10.8 million related to the intangible assets. The reduction in the Company’s fair value estimates of the Desktop business in the first and third quarters of 2020 was primarily due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor.
The October 1, 2020 annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any additional impairments. is $303.7 million.
Impairment charges recorded on indefinite-lived intangibles are included in "Amortization of intangibles" in the accompanying statement of operations.

The October 1, 2023 and 2022 annual assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any further impairments.
The October 1, 2021 annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any impairments.
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Recoverability and Estimated Useful Lives of Long-Lived Assets
We review the carrying value of all long-lived assets, comprising right-of-use assets ("ROU assets"), buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvementsother than goodwill and equipment, and definite-livedindefinite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. In addition, the Company reviews the useful lives of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that these lives may be changed. The carrying value of these long-lived assets is $1.8$1.1 billion and $593.2 million$1.5 billion at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively.
During the first quarter of 2023, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market consisting of impairments of $44.7 million and $25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively.
During the third quarter of 2022, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $21.3 millionrelated tothe consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-In-Control Payments" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information.
The impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in "General and administrative expense" and the impairment charges related to leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment are included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations. The impairment charges represent the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, calculated using a DCF approach using sublease market assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate. The impairment charges were allocated between the ROU assets and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment of the asset group based on their relative carrying values.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the balance of the Company's net deferred tax liability is $383.2$162.9 million and $76.6$74.7 million, respectively.

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The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-notmore likely than not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. This measurement step is inherently difficult and requires subjective estimations of such amounts to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. At December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the Company has unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, of $18.0$19.6 million and $20.1$16.6 million, respectively. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating our tax positions and unrecognized tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustment and which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. Although management currently believes changes to unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.
The ultimate amount of deferred income tax assets realized and the amounts paid for deferred income tax liabilities and unrecognized tax benefits may vary from our estimates due to future changes in income tax law, state income tax apportionment or the outcome of any review of our tax returns by the various tax authorities, as well as actual operating results of the Company that vary significantly from anticipated results.
The Company was included within Old IAC’s tax group for purposes of federal and consolidated state income tax return filings through June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH Separation. For periods prior thereto, the income tax benefit and/or provision was computed for the Company on an as if standalone, separate return basis and payments to and refunds from Old IAC for the Company’s share of Old IAC’s consolidated federal and state tax return liabilities/receivables calculated on this basis have been reflected within cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
Stock-Based Compensation
The stock-based compensation expense reflected in our statements of operations includes expense related to equity awards issued by certain of our subsidiaries (including awards assumed in acquisitions, including the transaction resulting in the formation of Angi Inc. in 2017, referred to as the "Combination") and, for periods prior to the MTCH Separation, an allocation of expense from Old IAC related to awards issued to the Company's employees that were granted under various Old IAC stock and annual incentive plans. The form of awards granted to the Company's employees are principally restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs, market-based RSUs, restricted stock and stock options.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $79.5 million and $189.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Included in the stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 are modification charges of $56.0 million related to the MTCH Separation, and $28.2 million related to the modification of previously issued HomeAdvisor equity awards and Angie's List equity awards, both of which were converted into Angi Inc. equity awards in the Combination.

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Stock-based compensation at the Company is complex due to ourinherently complex. Our desire is to attract, retain, inspire and reward our management team and employees at each of our subsidiaries, including those employed by recently acquired companies, by allowing them to benefit directly from the value they help to create. We accomplish these objectives, in part, by issuing equity awards denominated in the equity of our non-publicly traded subsidiaries as well as in IAC and Angi Inc. We further refine this approach by tailoring certain equity awards to the applicable circumstances. For example, we issuehave in the past issued certain equity awards for which vesting is linked to the achievement of a performance target such as revenue or profits; these awards are referred to as performance-based awards. In other cases, we link the vesting of equity awards to the achievement of a value target for a subsidiary or IAC or Angi Inc.'s stock price, as applicable; these awards are referred to as market-based awards. The nature and variety of these types of equity-based awards creates complexity in our determination of stock-based compensation expense.
In addition, acquisitions are an important part of the Company's growth strategy. These transactions may result in the modification of equity awards, which createsmay create additional complexity and additional stock-based compensation expense. For example, the Combination resulted in the conversion of previously issued HomeAdvisor and Angi’s awards into Angi Inc. awards, and the recognition of additional stock-based compensation expense. In addition, our spin-offs and internal reorganizations can also lead to modifications of equity awards and may result in additional complexity and stock-based compensation expense. For example, the MTCH Separation resulted in the conversion of Old IAC denominated stock options into stock options to purchase IAC common stock and stock options to purchase New Match common stock in a manner that preserved the spread value of the stock options immediately before and immediately after the adjustment, and the recognition of additional stock-based compensation expense.
Finally, the means by which we settle our equity-based awards also introduces complexity into our financial reporting. We provide a path to liquidity by settling the non-public subsidiary denominated awards in IAC or Angi Inc. shares, as applicable. In addition, certain former Angi Inc. subsidiary denominated awards and Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights can be settled in IAC or Angi Inc. awards at the Company’s election. These features increase the complexity of our earnings per share calculations.
The Company estimatedStock-based compensation expense reflected in our statement of operations includes expense related to equity awards issued by certain of our subsidiaries and awards granted to the fair value of stock options and stock appreciation rights issued (including those modified in connection with the MTCH SeparationCompany's Corporate employees and the Combination) using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model. For stock options, including subsidiary denominated equity, the valueemployees of the stock option is measured at the grant date at fair value and expensed over the vesting term. The impact on stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2021, assuming a 1% increaseAngi Inc. These awards have been in the risk-free interest rate, a 10% increase in the volatility factor and a one-year increase in the weighted average expected termform of the outstanding options would be an increase of $3.3 million, $5.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The Company also issues RSUs,restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs, market-based RSUs and restricted stock. For RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term. For performance-based RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term when the performance targets are considered probable of being achieved. For market-based RSUs, a lattice model is used to estimate the value of the awards. For our currently outstandingIAC restricted stock, a lattice model was used to estimate the fair value of the award which is based on the satisfaction of IAC's stock price targets.
The principal form of equity awards to the employees and management of its non-publicly traded subsidiaries is stock settled stock appreciation rights that are denominated in the equity of the relevant subsidiary of the Company or Angi Inc., in the case of its International business, which are settleable in shares of the Company or Angi Inc. as applicable. The value of the stock settled stock appreciation rights is tied to the value of the common stock of these subsidiaries. Accordingly, these interests only have value to the extent the relevant business appreciates in value above the initial value utilized to determine the exercise price and these interests can have substantial value in the event of significant appreciation. The grant date value of these stock settled stock appreciation rights is measured at grant date, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model, at fair value and is expensed over the vesting term.

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The Company estimates the fair value of stock options upon issuance or modification using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model. No stock options were issued by the Company in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Investments in Equity Securities
The Company invests in equity securities as part of its investment strategy. OurCompany's equity securities, other than those of ourits consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01,in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and LiabilitiesInvestments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors we considerthe Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of ourits investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When ourthe Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.

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The carrying value of the Company’s equity securities without readily determinable fair values is $324.6$404.8 million and $296.5$323.5 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, which is included in "Long-term investments" in the balance sheet. As described
The Company has no investments in marketable equity securities, following the change in classification of its investment in MGM to an equity method investment in the "COVID-19 Update" section,fourth quarter of 2023, described below. At December 31, 2022, the Company had two investments in marketable equity securities, other than its investment in MGM, including one investment that was fully impaired in the first quarter of 20202023 due to the Company recognized unrealized impairments or downward adjustments of $51.5 million related to certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values.
The Company has oneinvestee declaring bankruptcy and another investment in a current marketable equity security at December 31, 2021, which is carried at fair value following the investee's initial public offering in 2021; prior to this investee's initial public offering, the investmentthat was accounted for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. The Company recorded an unrealized gain of $18.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 for this investment. The Company sold its shares in another marketable equity security in the third quarter of 2021, which, prior to this investee's initial public offering, was accounted2023. The Company recorded net unrealized pre-tax losses of $0.3 million and $20.3 million for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value,these investments during the years ended December 31, 2023 and recorded a net realized gain of $7.2 million on the sale of this investment.2022, respectively. The realized and unrealized gainspre-tax losses related to these investments are included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the second and third quartersfourth quarter of 2020,2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company purchased 59.0 million sharesdetermined that the equity method of MGM. At December 31, 2021accounting applies and 2020,has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the carryingfair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM is $2.6 billionwas accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment.
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, including a total of 5.7 million common shares purchased in the first and $1.9 billion, respectively.third quarters of 2022 for $244.3 million. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, the Company owns 19.8% of MGM. The fair value of the investment in MGM is remeasured each reporting period based upon MGM's closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange on the last trading day in the reporting period and any unrealized pre-tax gains or losses are included in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 20212023, 2022 and 2020,2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $789.3$721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $840.5$789.3 million, respectively on its investment in MGM. On February 16, 2022,The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the Company purchased an additional 4.5 million sharesshare price of MGM for $202.5would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. Following this purchase,At February 9, 2024, the Company owns approximately 63.5 million shares, representing a 14.4%ownership interestfair value of the Company's investment in MGM as of February 16, 2022.was $3.0 billion.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

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Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Equity Price Risk
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM. During the second and third quartersfourth quarter of 2020,2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company purchased a totaldetermined that the equity method of 59.0 million shares of MGMaccounting applies and has elected to account for a total consideration of $1.0 billion. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition have been and may be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of MGM common shares, which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The Company recorded unrealized pre-tax gains on its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of $789.3 million and $840.5 million2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and 2020, respectively. $789.3 million, respectively, on its investment in MGM.
The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 20212023 is $1.6 billion. TheAt December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investment in MGM, at December 31, 2021 and 2020which includes the cumulative unrealized pre-tax gains, was $2.6$2.9 billion and $1.9$2.2 billion, or approximately 22%28% and 20%21% of the Company’s consolidated total assets, respectively. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $118.1$129.4 million.
On At February 16, 2022,9, 2024, the Company purchased an additional 4.5 million sharesfair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $3.0 billion. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition have in the past been and may in the future be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of MGM for $202.5 million. Following this purchase,common shares, which are traded on the Company owns approximately 63.5 million shares, representing a 14.4% ownership interest in MGM as of February 16, 2022.New York Stock Exchange.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company's exposure to risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the Company's long-term debt.
At December 31, 2021,2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $2.1$2.0 billion, of which $1.6$1.5 billion is the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, which bear interest at a variable rate, and $500.0 million is the ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate.
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027. The interest rate swaps synthetically converted $350 million of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for the duration of the interest rate swaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023 and applies hedge accounting to these contracts. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for more information. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is determined using discounted cash flows derived from observable market prices, including swap curves, and represents what Dotdash Meredith would pay or receive to terminate the swap agreements. Dotdash Meredith intends to continue to meet the conditions for hedge accounting, however, if these interest rate swaps were not highly effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps used as hedges could have a significant impact on future results of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") for the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.23 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.

If market rates decline relative to interest rates on the ANGI Group Senior Notes, the Company runs the risk that the related required interest payments of the ANGI Group Senior Notes will exceed those based on market rates. A 100-basis point increase or decrease in the level of interest rates would, respectively, decrease or increase the fair value of the fixed-rate debt by $28.4$20.0 million. Such potential increase or decrease in fair value is based on certain simplifying assumptions, including an immediate increase or decrease in the level of interest rates with no other subsequent changes for the remainder of the period. At December 31, 2021,period, nor changes in the outstanding balance of $1.25 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 4.50% and the outstanding balance of $350.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.00% or 2.15%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans would increase by $12.5 million. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to decrease by 5 basis points to 0 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A would decrease by $0.2 million.credit profile.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The Company has operations in certain foreign markets, primarily in various jurisdictions within the European Union and the United Kingdom. The Company has exposure to foreign currency exchange risk related to its foreign subsidiaries that transact business in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the translation of the statement of operations of the Company's international businesses into U.S. dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.
In addition, certain of the Company’s U.S. operations have customers in international markets. International revenue, including revenue of our operations located outside the U.S., which is measured based upon where the customer is located, accounted for 14%13%, 10% and 16%14% for the years ended December 31, 20212023, 2022 and 2020,2021, respectively.
The Company is also exposed to foreign currency transaction gains and losses to the extent it or its subsidiaries conduct transactions in and/or have assets and/or liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. The Company recorded foreign exchange (losses) gains of $(13.6) million and $0.7 million forFor the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded foreign exchange gains (losses) of $1.5 million, $(8.5) million and 2020,$(13.6) million, respectively.
The Company's exposure to foreign currency exchange gains or losses have not been material to the Company; therefore, the Company has not hedged its foreign currency exposures. Any growth and expansion of our international operations increases our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Significant foreign exchange rate fluctuations, in the case of one currency or collectively with other currencies, could have a significant impact on our future results of operations.

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the related consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive operations, shareholders’ and parent’s equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated and combined financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated and combined financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 1, 2022February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated and combined financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.










6977




Acquisition of Meredith Holdings CorporationQuantitative Impairment Assessment for Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Description of the Matter
As described in Note 5, onof December 1, 202131, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation in an all-cash transaction for approximately $2.7 billion.Company’s goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset balances were $3.0 billion and$544.2 million, respectively. As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, the purchase price of the acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill.

Auditing management’s preliminary allocation of the purchase price of the Meredith Holdings Corporation business combination required complex auditor judgment due to the significant measurement uncertainty in determining the fair value of the identifiable intangible assets acquired. In particular, the estimated fair value of the acquired identifiable intangible assets were sensitive to changes in assumptions including discount rates, projected revenues and cash flow terminal growth rates used to discount future cash flows and royalty rates for trademarks and customer attrition rates for relationship-type assets. These assumptions relate to the future performance of the acquired business and are affected by such factors as expected future market or economic conditions.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over its accounting for the business combination. For example, we tested controls over the Company’s process to identify and measure acquired intangible assets as well as controls over management's review of the significant assumptions described above.

To test the estimated fair value of the identifiable intangible assets acquired, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the completeness of the identifiable intangible assets acquired, assessing the valuation methodologies and testing the significant assumptions described above and underlying data used by the Company. For example, we compared the significant assumptions used by management to the historical results of the acquired business and management's future plans for the business. We performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value of the identifiable intangible assets resulting from changes in the assumptions. In addition, we involved an internal valuation specialist to assist in evaluating the methodologies used and the significant assumptions applied in developing the fair value estimates.

Stock-Based Compensation
Description of the Matter
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $79.5 million. As disclosed in Note 12 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, the Company issues various types of equity awards, including stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based stock units, market-based awards and equity instruments denominated in the shares of certain subsidiaries.

Auditing the Company’s accounting for stock-based compensation required complex auditor judgment due to the number and the variety of the types of equity awards, the prevalence of modifications, the subjectivity of assumptions used to value stock-based awards, the use of market-based vesting conditions and the existence of awards denominated in the shares of certain subsidiaries.


70


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over stock-based compensation. For example, we tested controls over the Company's process to assess the completeness of its share-based awards and for measuring and recording stock-based compensation, including management’s review of the underlying calculations, the significant assumptions used in valuing certain awards and related valuation reports prepared by its specialists.

To test stock-based compensation expense, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the completeness of the awards granted and evaluating the methodologies used to estimate the fair value of the awards granted and significant assumptions described above. Our procedures also included, evaluating the key terms and conditions of awards granted to assess the accounting treatment for a sample of awards, testing the clerical accuracy of the calculation of the expense recorded and assessing the Company’s accounting for award modifications. Additionally, for certain awards issued by the Company, we involved our internal valuation specialists to assess the valuation methodologies and assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the awards.

Goodwill - Quantitative Impairment Assessment
Description of the Matter
As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s goodwill balance was $3.2 billion. As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated and combined financial statements, goodwill isand indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment using either a qualitative or quantitative approach as of October 1, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
 
Auditing management’s quantitative impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets was challenging given the inherent judgements and estimates involved. Management’s quantitative impairment tests were complex and judgmental due to the measurement uncertainty in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit for goodwill.goodwill and the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets. Specifically, the fair value estimate of the Company’s Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting unit wasunits were sensitive to assumptions such as the discount rate, revenue growth rates and the projected cash flow terminalmargin. The fair value estimates for Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets were sensitive to assumptions such as discount rates, revenue growth rate.rates and royalty rates. These assumptions are affected by factors such factors as expected future marketindustry or economic conditions.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment review process. For example, we tested controls over the Company’s forecasting and budgeting process as well as controls over management'smanagement’s review of the significant assumptions used to estimate the fair valuevalues of the reporting unit.units for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible assets, including projected financial information.

To test the estimated fair valuevalues of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting unit,units and Meredith's indefinite-lived intangible assets, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the methodologies and testing the significant assumptions and underlying data used by the Company. We evaluated the Company’s underlying forecast and budget information by comparing the significant assumptions to currenthistorical results, forecasted information included in analyst reports and the Company's guideline companies in the same industry and current economic trends, changes in the Company’s business model and assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates.trends. For example, we evaluated management’s forecasted revenue to identify, understand and evaluate changes as compared to historical results. We performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the estimated fair value of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting unitunits for goodwill and Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from changes in the assumptions. In addition, we involved an internal valuation specialist to assist in evaluating the methodologies and significant assumptions applied in developing the fair value estimate.estimates.



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Revenue Processed By Highly Automated Proprietary Systems - Leads and Services
Description of the Matter
As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, Angi Inc.’s revenue includes domestic Ads and Leads revenue as well as Services revenue. Ads revenue is primarily derived from service professionals under contract for advertising. Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue for consumer matches as well as membership subscription revenue from service professionals. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through a Company platform and the Company connects them with a service professional to perform the service.

In aggregate, Leads and Services Revenue was approximately $1.0 billion, as disclosed in Note 10 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s Leads and Services Revenue is based on contractual terms with the Company’s customers and is comprised of a significant volume of low-dollar transactions. The processing and recording of Leads and Services revenue is highly automated within the Company’s information technology (“IT”) systems that are principally proprietary.

Given the complexity of the IT systems involved, auditing Leads and Services Revenue required a significant extent of effort and increased involvement of professionals with expertise in IT to identify, test, and evaluate the Company’s relevant systems and automated controls utilized to process and record these transactions.


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls related to the recording and accounting for Leads and Services Revenue. With the involvement of IT professionals, we identified the relevant systems used by the Company to process, calculate, and record revenue and the related deferred revenue. Where applicable, we tested the IT general controls over those systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls as well as certain automated application controls related to the recording of revenue and the related deferred revenue at period end. We also tested the Company’s controls to address the completeness and accuracy of transaction data.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s Leads and Services Revenue also included reconciling revenue recorded to cash received, testing the details for a sample of specific cash receipts to third-party banking information and evidence of the related customer arrangement, testing the calculations of revenue and the related deferred revenue performed within the Company’s systems to the amount recorded in the general ledger, and testing revenue transactions occurring near year-end.



/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
New York, New York
March 1, 2022February 29, 2024


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Table of Contents

IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
December 31, December 31,
20212020 20232022
(In thousands, except par value amounts) (In thousands, except par value amounts)
ASSETSASSETS
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$2,118,730 $3,366,176 
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Marketable securitiesMarketable securities19,788 224,979 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance and reserves of $39,719 and $29,240 , respectively693,208 257,668 
Accounts receivable, net
Other current assetsOther current assets242,188 140,022 
Current assets of discontinued operations— 130,477 
Total current assets
Total current assets
Total current assetsTotal current assets3,073,914 4,119,322 
Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements, equipment and land, net570,525 274,930 
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net
GoodwillGoodwill3,226,610 1,660,102 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortizationIntangible assets, net of accumulated amortization1,414,892 394,986 
Investment in MGM Resorts InternationalInvestment in MGM Resorts International2,649,442 1,860,158 
Long-term investmentsLong-term investments327,838 297,643 
Other non-current assetsOther non-current assets1,037,067 288,021 
Non-current assets of discontinued operations— 266,547 
TOTAL ASSETS
TOTAL ASSETS
TOTAL ASSETSTOTAL ASSETS$12,300,288 $9,161,709 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY    
LIABILITIES:LIABILITIES:  LIABILITIES:  
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt$30,000 $— 
Accounts payable, tradeAccounts payable, trade203,173 88,849 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue165,451 137,658 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities980,574 340,406 
Current liabilities of discontinued operations— 183,988 
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Total current liabilitiesTotal current liabilities1,379,198 750,901 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net2,046,237 712,277 
Long-term debt, net
Long-term debt, net
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes385,890 78,789 
Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities721,262 233,850 
Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations— 2,972 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Redeemable noncontrolling interestsRedeemable noncontrolling interests18,741 231,992 
Commitments and contingenciesCommitments and contingencies00
Commitments and contingencies
Commitments and contingencies
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 83,922 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021— 
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 400,000 shares; 5,789 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021— 
Common Stock $0.001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 82,976 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020— 83 
Class B common stock $0.001 par value; authorized 400,000 shares; 5,789 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020— 
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 84,465 and 84,184 shares issued and 80,115 and 83,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 84,465 and 84,184 shares issued and 80,115 and 83,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 84,465 and 84,184 shares issued and 80,115 and 83,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 400,000 shares; 5,789 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital6,265,669 5,909,614 
Retained earnings905,151 694,042 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)4,397 (6,170)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury stock, 4,350 and 1,101 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Total IAC shareholders' equityTotal IAC shareholders' equity7,175,226 6,597,575 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests573,734 553,353 
Total shareholders' equityTotal shareholders' equity7,748,960 7,150,928 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITYTOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY$12,300,288 $9,161,709 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Table of Contents

IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data) (In thousands, except per share data)
RevenueRevenue$3,699,627 $2,764,536 $2,509,980 
Operating costs and expenses:Operating costs and expenses:   Operating costs and expenses:  
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)1,306,972 750,686 547,660 
Selling and marketing expenseSelling and marketing expense1,362,300 1,165,456 1,117,885 
General and administrative expenseGeneral and administrative expense797,448 745,235 573,057 
Product development expenseProduct development expense220,120 180,014 132,640 
DepreciationDepreciation75,015 68,823 55,471 
Amortization of intangiblesAmortization of intangibles74,839 126,839 74,215 
Goodwill impairmentGoodwill impairment— 265,146 3,318 
Total operating costs and expensesTotal operating costs and expenses3,836,694 3,302,199 2,504,246 
Operating (loss) income(137,067)(537,663)5,734 
Operating loss
Interest expenseInterest expense(34,264)(16,166)(11,904)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International789,283 840,550 — 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in MGM Resorts International
Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net111,854 (42,561)40,487 
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes729,806 244,160 34,317 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax (provision) benefitIncome tax (provision) benefit(138,990)45,707 47,349 
Net earnings from continuing operations590,816 289,867 81,666 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1,831)(21,281)(49,483)
Net earnings588,985 268,586 32,183 
Net loss (earnings) attributable to noncontrolling interests8,562 1,140 (9,288)
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$597,547 $269,726 $22,895 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net earnings (loss)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders
Per share information from continuing operations:Per share information from continuing operations:   
Basic earnings per share$6.72 $3.40 $0.84 
Diluted earnings per share$6.33 $3.20 $0.84 
Per share information from continuing operations:
Per share information from continuing operations:  
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Per share information attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders:
Basic earnings per share$6.70 $3.16 $0.27 
Diluted earnings per share$6.31 $2.97 $0.27 
Per share information attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders:
Per share information attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders:
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Stock-based compensation expense by function:Stock-based compensation expense by function:
Stock-based compensation expense by function:
Stock-based compensation expense by function:
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenueCost of revenue$78 $118 $61 
Selling and marketing expenseSelling and marketing expense5,009 5,265 4,642 
General and administrative expenseGeneral and administrative expense67,664 177,451 116,594 
Product development expenseProduct development expense6,736 6,161 8,931 
Total stock-based compensation expenseTotal stock-based compensation expense$79,487 $188,995 $130,228 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In thousands)
Net earnings$588,985 $268,586 $32,183 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment10,466 7,810 311 
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities(2)(3)
Total other comprehensive income, net of income taxes10,464 7,812 308 
Comprehensive income, net of income taxes599,449 276,398 32,491 
Components of comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net loss (earnings) attributable to noncontrolling interests8,562 1,140 (9,288)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests93 (1,718)26 
Change in unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale marketable debt securities attributable to noncontrolling interests— — 
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests8,655 (578)(9,261)
Comprehensive income attributable to IAC shareholders$608,104 $275,820 $23,230 


Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Net earnings (loss)$258,317 $(1,192,455)$588,985 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment3,428 (18,829)10,466 
Change in net unrealized losses on interest rate swaps(696)— — 
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities(33)53 (2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes2,699 (18,776)10,464 
Comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes261,016 (1,211,231)599,449 
Components of comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 22,285 8,562 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests(513)1,235 93 
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,112 23,520 8,655 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$268,128 $(1,187,711)$608,104 

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.


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IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Year Ended December 31, 20212023


Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueCommon Stock, $0.001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $0.001 par valueAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
 (Loss) Income
Total IAC
Shareholders'
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$Shares$Shares$Shares$Shares
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$231,992 $— — $— — $83 82,976 $5,789 $5,909,614 $694,042 $(6,170)$6,597,575 $553,353 $7,150,928 
Net earnings (loss)1,732 — — — — — — — — — 597,547 — 597,547 (10,294)587,253 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes515 — — — — — — — — — — 10,519 10,519 (608)9,911 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 59,283 — — 59,283 33,057 92,340 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 564 — — — 382 — — (98,691)— — (98,691)— (98,691)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (59,619)— 10 (59,609)(1,614)(61,223)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (35,959)— — (35,959)— (35,959)
Issuance of Vimeo common stock and creation of noncontrolling interests, net of fees40,785 — — — — — — — — 258,965 — — 258,965 — 258,965 
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(29,769)— — — — — — — — — — — — (570)(570)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to fair value777,688 — — — — — — — — (777,688)— — (777,688)— (777,688)
Recapitalization of IAC upon Vimeo spin-off— 83,358 5,789 (83)(83,358)(6)(5,789)80 — — — — — 
Spin-off of IAC's investment in Vimeo— — — — — — — — — (38)(386,438)38 (386,438)— (386,438)
Elimination of Vimeo noncontrolling interests(1,002,324)— — — — — — — — 1,002,324 — — 1,002,324 — 1,002,324 
Change in the MTCH Separation tax account distribution— — — — — — — — — 7,640 — — 7,640 — 7,640 
Other(1,878)— — — — — — — — (242)— — (242)410 168 
Balance at December 31, 2021$18,741 $83,922 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,265,669 $905,151 $4,397 $7,175,226 $573,734 $7,748,960 
Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
(Accumulated Deficit) Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury StockTotal IAC
Shareholders'
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$Shares$Shares
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
Net (loss) earnings(1,175)— — — — — 265,942 — — 265,942 (6,450)259,492 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes— — — — — — — 2,186 — 2,186 513 2,699 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — 73,562 — — — 73,562 48,388 121,950 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 281 — — (9,814)— — — (9,814)— (9,814)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — (5,620)— — (5,615)(673)(6,288)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — — — — (167,118)(167,118)— (167,118)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — (11,099)— — — (11,099)— (11,099)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount7,567 — — — — (7,567)— — — (7,567)— (7,567)
Adjustment to the liquidation value of Vivian Health preferred shares— — — — — 5,527 — — — 5,527 (5,527)— 
Other(249)— — — — 243 — — — 243 (29)214 
Balance at December 31, 2023$33,378 $84,465 $5,789 $6,340,312 $923 $(10,942)$(252,441)$6,077,861 $677,142 $6,755,003 




The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
7583

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IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF PARENT'S EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 20202022 and 20192021
 Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Class B Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Additional Paid-in CapitalRetained EarningsInvested CapitalAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
Total IAC
Shareholders'
Equity and Invested Capital
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total Parent's / Shareholders' Equity
 $Shares$Shares
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018$65,687 $— — $— — $— $— $2,296,583 $(12,541)$2,284,042 $400,358 $2,684,400 
Net earnings3,168 — — — — — — 22,895 — 22,895 6,120 29,015 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes39 — — — — — — — 335 335 (66)269 
Stock-based compensation expense148 — — — — — — 65,893 — 65,893 65,815 131,708 
Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests(40,432)— — — — — — — — — — — 
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to fair value11,554 — — — — — — (11,554)— (11,554)— (11,554)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — (32,596)(20)(32,616)(2,106)(34,722)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — (57,949)— (57,949)— (57,949)
Noncontrolling interests created in acquisitions3,739 — — — — — — — — — — — 
Net increase in Old IAC's investment in the Company— — — — — — — 263,979 — 263,979 — 263,979 
Other(85)— — — — — — — — — — — 
Balance at December 31, 2019$43,818 $— — $— — $— $— $2,547,251 $(12,226)$2,535,025 $470,121 $3,005,146 
Net (loss) earnings(1,434)— — — — — 694,042 (424,316)— 269,726 294 270,020 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes439 — — — — — — — 6,094 6,094 1,279 7,373 
Stock-based compensation expense15 — — — — 40,870 — 72,891 — 113,761 85,267 199,028 
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(3,515)— — — — — — — — — (1,115)(1,115)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — (62,169)— 1,248 (38)(60,959)(3,183)(64,142)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — (9,273)— (54,859)— (64,132)— (64,132)
Proceeds from the sale of Old IAC Class M common
stock from New Match
— — — — — 1,408,298 — — — 1,408,298 — 1,408,298 
Net increase in Old IAC's investment in the Company
prior to the MTCH Separation
— — — — — — — 1,685,995 — 1,685,995 — 1,685,995 
Cash merger consideration paid by Old IAC— — — — — — — 837,913 — 837,913 — 837,913 
Capitalization as a result of the MTCH Separation— 79 79,343 5,789 4,661,231 — (4,661,316)— — — — 
Noncontrolling interest created in an acquisition1,121 — — — — — — — — — — — 
Issuance of Vimeo common stock and creation of noncontrolling interest, net of fees8,299 — — — — 141,301 — — — 141,301 — 141,301 
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to fair value183,315 — — — — (178,508)— (4,807)— (183,315)— (183,315)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based
awards, net of withholding taxes
— 633 — — (83,383)— — — (83,382)— (83,382)
Issuance of restricted stock— 3,000 — — (3)— — — — — — 
Adjustment to the capitalization of tax accounts as a
result of the MTCH Separation
— — — — — (8,259)— — — (8,259)— (8,259)
Other(66)— — — — (491)— — — (491)690 199 
Balance at December 31, 2020$231,992 $83 82,976 $5,789 $5,909,614 $694,042 $— $(6,170)$6,597,575 $553,353 $7,150,928 
 Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $.0001 par value
Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Class B Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Additional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
Treasury StockTotal IAC Shareholders' EquityNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Shareholders' Equity
 $Shares$Shares$Shares$Shares
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$231,992 $— — $— — $83 82,976 $5,789 $5,909,614 $694,042 $(6,170)$— $6,597,575 $553,353 $7,150,928 
Net earnings (loss)1,732 — — — — — — — — — 597,547 — — 597,547 (10,294)587,253 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes515 — — — — — — — — — — 10,519 — 10,519 (608)9,911 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 59,283 — — — 59,283 33,057 92,340 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 564 — — — 382 — — (98,691)— — — (98,691)— (98,691)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (59,619)— 10 — (59,609)(1,614)(61,223)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (35,959)— — — (35,959)— (35,959)
Issuance of Vimeo common stock and creation of noncontrolling interest, net of fees40,785 — — — — — — — — 258,965 — — — 258,965 — 258,965 
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(29,769)— — — — — — — — — — — — — (570)(570)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount777,688 — — — — — — — — (777,688)— — — (777,688)— (777,688)
Recapitalization of IAC upon Vimeo spin-off— 83,358 5,789 (83)(83,358)(6)(5,789)80 — — — — — — 
Spin-off IAC's investment in Vimeo— — — — — — — — — (38)(386,438)38 — (386,438)— (386,438)
Elimination of Vimeo's noncontrolling interests(1,002,324)— — — — — — — — 1,002,324 — — — 1,002,324 — 1,002,324 
Change in the MTCH Separation tax account distribution— — — — — — — — — 7,640 — — — 7,640 — 7,640 
Other(1,878)— — — — — — — — (242)— — — (242)410 168 
Balance at December 31, 2021$18,741 $83,922 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,265,669 $905,151 $4,397 $— $7,175,226 $573,734 $7,748,960 
Net loss(2,130)— — — — — — — — — (1,170,170)— — (1,170,170)(20,155)(1,190,325)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — — — — (17,541)— (17,541)(1,235)(18,776)
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 70,808 — — — 70,808 55,891 126,699 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 262 — — — — — — (16,905)— — — (16,905)— (16,905)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (12,276)— 11 — (12,265)3,638 (8,627)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock— — — — — — — — — — — — (85,323)(85,323)— (85,323)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (8,144)— — — (8,144)— (8,144)
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(1,179)— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount24,229 — — — — — — — — (24,229)— — — (24,229)— (24,229)
Issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees, and the reclassification and creation of noncontrolling interest and subsequent adjustment to liquidation value(11,782)— — — — — — — — 17,818 — — — 17,818 36,882 54,700 
Adjustment to noncontrolling interests resulting from the reorganization of a foreign subsidiary— — — — — — — — — 7,580 — — — 7,580 (7,835)(255)
Other(644)— — — — — — — — (5,241)— — — (5,241)— (5,241)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

7684


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IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
202120202019 202320222021
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities attributable to continuing operations:Cash flows from operating activities attributable to continuing operations:
Net earnings$588,985 $268,586 $32,183 
Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1,831)(21,281)(49,483)
Net earnings attributable to continuing operations590,816 289,867 81,666 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Stock-based compensation expense79,487 188,995 130,228 
Net earnings (loss)
Net earnings (loss)
Net earnings (loss)
Less: Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net earnings (loss) attributable to continuing operations
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations:Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations:  
Amortization of intangiblesAmortization of intangibles74,839 126,839 74,215 
DepreciationDepreciation75,015 68,823 55,471 
Stock-based compensation expense
Non-cash lease expense (including right-of-use asset impairments)
Deferred income taxes
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses89,893 78,931 64,478 
Losses (gains) on investments in equity securities and sales of businesses, net
Goodwill impairmentGoodwill impairment— 265,146 3,318 
Deferred income taxes133,377 (18,356)(49,374)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International(789,283)(840,550)— 
(Gains) losses on investments in equity securities, net(40,626)41,112 (39,388)
Pension and postretirement benefit cost
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in MGM Resorts International
Unrealized (increase) decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrantUnrealized (increase) decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrant(104,018)3,219 9,123 
Non-cash lease expense (including right-of-use asset impairments)35,737 30,026 21,258 
Pension and postretirement benefit expense18,212 — — 
Other adjustments, netOther adjustments, net50,593 16,113 (7,735)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions: Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:    Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:  
Accounts receivableAccounts receivable(156,971)(131,703)(72,109)
Other assetsOther assets4,185 (24,762)(6,723)
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities(30,995)(29,841)(22,421)
Accounts payable and other liabilitiesAccounts payable and other liabilities82,849 35,960 22,473 
Income taxes payable and receivableIncome taxes payable and receivable(2,506)(11,580)
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue8,296 25,140 10,851 
Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to continuing operations118,900 113,379 275,335 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations
Cash flows from investing activities attributable to continuing operations:Cash flows from investing activities attributable to continuing operations:   Cash flows from investing activities attributable to continuing operations:  
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired(2,699,643)(685,216)(28,439)
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(90,210)(60,726)(95,097)
Net proceeds from sales of assets
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securitiesProceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities225,000 475,000 25,000 
Purchases of marketable debt securitiesPurchases of marketable debt securities— (649,828)— 
Purchases of investments
Net proceeds from the sales of businesses and investments
Purchases of investment in MGM Resorts International
Net collections of notes receivable
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Cash distribution related to the spin-off of IAC's investment in VimeoCash distribution related to the spin-off of IAC's investment in Vimeo(333,184)— — 
Net proceeds from the sale of businesses and investments16,451 26,055 166,440 
Purchases of investment in MGM Resorts International— (1,019,608)— 
Purchases of investments(24,290)(1,152)(253,663)
Decrease (increase) in notes receivable - related party— 54,828 (54,828)
Other, netOther, net(1,627)(11,536)(9,086)
Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operationsNet cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations(2,907,503)(1,872,183)(249,673)
Cash flows from financing activities attributable to continuing operations:Cash flows from financing activities attributable to continuing operations:   Cash flows from financing activities attributable to continuing operations:  
Principal payments on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans
Proceeds from the issuance of Dotdash Meredith Term LoansProceeds from the issuance of Dotdash Meredith Term Loans1,600,000 — — 
Proceeds from the issuance of ANGI Group Senior Notes— 500,000 — 
Principal payments on ANGI Group Term LoanPrincipal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan(220,000)(27,500)(13,750)
Principal payments on related-party debt— — (2,500)
Principal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan
Principal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan
Debt issuance costsDebt issuance costs(23,548)(6,484)— 
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock(35,403)(63,674)(56,905)
Debt issuance costs
Debt issuance costs
Proceeds from the exercise of IAC stock optionsProceeds from the exercise of IAC stock options1,496 — — 
Proceeds from the exercise of Angi Inc. stock options— — 573 
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awards
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awards
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awardsWithholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awards(95,983)(85,103)— 
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees on net settled stock-based awardsWithholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees on net settled stock-based awards(61,908)(64,079)(35,284)
Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests(30,339)(4,280)(24,595)
Cash merger consideration paid by Old IAC in connection with the MTCH Separation— 837,913 — 
Transfers from Old IAC for periods prior to the MTCH Separation— 1,706,479 263,281 
Proceeds from the sale of Old IAC Class M common stock— 1,408,298 — 
Purchases of IAC treasury stock
Purchases of Angi Inc. treasury stock
Proceeds from the issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees
Purchase of noncontrolling interests
Other, netOther, net(18,578)1,095 (3,795)
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations1,115,737 4,202,665 127,025 
Total cash (used in) provided by continuing operations(1,672,866)2,443,861 152,687 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to discontinued operations18,053 41,202 (23,535)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities attributable to discontinued operations7,602 42 (172,195)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities attributable to discontinued operations293,577 149,254 (2,939)
Total cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations319,232 190,498 (198,669)
Other, net
Other, net
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations
Total cash used in continuing operations
Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to discontinued operations
Net cash provided by investing activities attributable to discontinued operations
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to discontinued operations
Total cash provided by discontinued operations
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,612)2,019 (122)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,355,246)2,636,378 (46,104)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period3,477,110 840,732 886,836 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of periodCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$2,121,864 $3,477,110 $840,732 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION
Company overview
IAC today is comprised of category leading businesses, including Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com, as well as a number of other businessesothers ranging from early stage to established.established businesses.
As used herein, "IAC," "the Company," "we," "our" or "us"“IAC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).
Dotdash Meredith
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Media Inc. (formerly known(referred to herein as About Inc., "Dotdash"), a wholly ownedwholly-owned subsidiary of IAC/InterActiveCorp ("IAC"),IAC, completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"Meredith"), which holdsthe former subsidiary of Meredith Corporation's national media business, which is comprised ofCorporation, comprising its digital and magazine businesses and its corporate operations. The parent of the combined entity is Dotdash Meredith, Inc. ("Dotdash Meredith"). See "Note 5—4—Business CombinationsCombination" for a description of the acquisition of Meredith.
Dotdash Meredith is one of the largest digital and print publishers in America. From mobile to magazines, nearlyNearly 200 million people trust us to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, Allrecipes,allrecipes, Byrdie, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living.
Dotdash Meredith has 2two operating segments: (i) Digital, which includes its digital, mobile and mobilelicensing operations; and (ii) Print, which includes its magazine subscription and newsstand operations.
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc. formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc., is a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. During the year ended December 31, 2021, over 240,000 domesticApproximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer leads,matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi Inc. platforms.platforms during the three months ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one Angi Inc. business to find a service professional for approximately 3323 million projects during the year ended December 31, 2021.2023. At December 31, 2021,2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.5%84.2% and 98.2%98.1%, respectively.
On November 1, 2023, Angi Inc. completed the sale of 100% of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing"), and has reflected it as a discontinued operation in its standalone financial statements. Roofing does not meet the threshold to be reflected as a discontinued operation at the IAC level. During the fourth quarter of 2023, IAC moved Roofing to Emerging & Other and prior period financial information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. Following IAC's move of Roofing to Emerging & Other, Angi Inc. has 2three operating segments: (i) North America (United StatesAds and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (includes Europe and Canada), which includesand operates under multiple brands including Angi, HomeAdvisor and Handy. Ads Angiand Leads and Angi Services; and (ii) Europe. The brands operates as follows: Angi Ads (formerly Angie's List) brand, Angi Leads (formerly HomeAdvisor) brand, and Angi Services (Handy and Angi Roofing) brand. Angi Ads provides service professionals the capability to engage with potential customers, including quoting and invoicing services, and payment services. Angi Leads provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals. Angiprofessionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance and improvement projects. Services allows consumers to browse and buy common household services at set prices, rather than requesting quotes from vetted service professionals, as well as instantly book related appointments online for household services (primarily cleaning and handyman services) with top-quality, pre-screened independent service professionals. Consumers can request and pay for household services directly through the Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. fulfills the request through the use of independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services. Additionally, Angi Services (including Angi Roofing) manages home improvement projects for consumers.The matching and pre-priced booking services and related tools and directories are provided to consumers free of charge.

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Search
The Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and the Desktop business. Ask Media Group is a collection of websites providing general search services and information. The Desktop business includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.
Emerging & Other
Our Emerging & Other segment primarily includes:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes and for a wide variety of caregivers to easily connect with families.families seeking care services. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises and HomePay. Care.com acquired Lifecare, a leading provider of family care benefits, on October 27, 2020;;

Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group has a portfolio of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall, Trapcall), Language (iTranslate, GrammaticaSpeak & Translate), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero), Health ( and LifestyleDaily Burn, Window - Intermittent Fasting), Lifestyle (Blossom, Pixomatic);
Bluecrew,Roofing (previously included within the Angi Inc. segment), a technology driven staffing platform exclusively for flexible W-2 work;provider of roof replacement and repair services, which was sold on November 1, 2023;
Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities, which we acquiredopportunities;
IAC Films, a controlling interestprovider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in on June 26, 2019;the United States ("U.S.") and internationally;
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors;
IAC Films, a provider of production and producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States and internationally; and
Newco, IAC's incubatorBluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform which currently spans social gaming, telemedicine, home services, social networking and online recruiting.exclusively for flexible W-2 work, for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022.
Vimeo Spin-off:
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the spin-off of its full stake in Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) to IAC shareholders (which we refer to as the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off, Vimeo Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within IAC'sthe Company's financial statements for all periods prior to May 25, 2021. See "Note 4—18Discontinued Operations'" for additional details.

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MTCH Separation:
On December 19, 2019, IAC/InterActiveCorp ("Old IAC") entered into a Transaction Agreement (as amended, the "Transaction Agreement") with Match Group, Inc. ("Old MTCH"), IAC Holdings, Inc. ("New IAC" or the "Company"), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Old IAC, and Valentine Merger Sub LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Old IAC. On June 30, 2020, the businesses of Old MTCH were separated from the remaining businesses of Old IAC through a series of transactions that resulted in the pre-transaction stockholders of Old IAC owning shares in two, separate public companies—(1) Old IAC, which was renamed Match Group, Inc. ("New Match") and which owns the businesses of Old MTCH and certain Old IAC financing subsidiaries, and (2) New IAC, which was renamed IAC/InterActiveCorp, and which owns Old IAC's other businesses—and the pre-transaction stockholders of Old MTCH (other than Old IAC) owning shares in New Match. This transaction is referred to as the "MTCH Separation."
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Combination
The Company prepares its consolidated and combined financial statements (collectively referred(referred to herein as "financial statements") in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").
The Company's financial statements were prepared on a consolidated basis beginning June 30, 2020 and on a combined basis for periods prior thereto. The difference in presentation is due to the fact that the final steps

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IAC of all the entities that comprise the Company following the MTCH Separation, were not completed until June 30, 2020. The preparation of the financial statements on a combined basis for periods prior to June 30, 2020 allows for the financial statements to be presented on a consistent basis for all periods presented.INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The historical combined financial statements of the Company have been derived from the historical accounting records of Old IAC. The combined financial statements reflect the historical financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the entities comprising the Company since their respective dates of acquisition by Old IAC and the allocation to the Company of certain Old IAC corporate expenses based on the historical accounting records of Old IAC through June 30, 2020. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, all entities that are wholly-owned by the Company and all entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. For the purpose of the combined financial statements, income taxes have been computed as if the entities comprising the Company filed tax returns on a standalone, separate basis for periods prior to the MTCH Separation.
All intercompany transactions and balances between and among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated. All intercompany transactions between (i) the Company and (ii) Old IAC and its subsidiaries for periods prior to the MTCH Separation are considered to be effectively settled for cash at the time the transaction is recorded. The total net effect of the settlement of these intercompany transactions is reflected in the statement of cash flows as a financing activity and in the statement of parent's equity as “Invested capital.”
In management's opinion, the assumptions underlying the historical financial statements of the Company, including the basis on which the expenses have been allocated from Old IAC, are reasonable. However, the allocations may not reflect the expenses that the Company would have incurred as an independent, stand-alone company for the periods presented.
COVID-19 Update
The impact on the Company from the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures designedvarious responses to contain its spreadit created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Recently there has been varied and volatile.a return to normal societal interactions, including the way the Company operates its businesses.

Angi Inc.
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As previously disclosed, the impact of COVID-19 on the businesses in IAC's Angi Inc. segment initially resulted in a decline in demand for service requests, driven primarily by decreases in demand in certain categories of jobs (particularly discretionary indoor projects). While these businessesAngi Inc. experienced a rebound in service requests in the second half of 2020 and through early 2021, service requests started to decline in May 2021 comparedand continued to the comparable months of 2020 as a result of the surgedecline during 2022 due, in 2020 and duepart, to impacts of the Angi Inc.'s brand integration initiative launchedCOVID-19 measures that were more widely in March 2021. Moreover, many service professionals' businesses have been adversely impacted by labor and material constraints and many service professionals have and continue to have limited capacity to take on new business, which continues to negatively impact the ability of these businesses to monetize the slightly increased level of service requests. Althoughplace in prior periods. Angi Inc.'s ability to monetize service requests rebounded modestly in the second half of 2021 it still has not returned to levels it experienced pre-COVID-19. No assurances can be providedand the first half of 2022; however, that Angi Inc. will continue to be able to improveimproved monetization or that service professionals' businesses and, as a consequence, its revenue and profitability will not continue to be adversely impactedplateaued in the future. The Search segment hasthird quarter of 2022 returning to monetization rates similar to those experienced an increasepre-COVID-19.
Dotdash Meredith
Digital advertising and performance marketing revenue at Dotdash, excluding Meredith, declined in revenue in the year ended December 31, 20212022, compared to the prior year2021 due in part to lower traffic to its sites compared to prior year COVID-19 traffic highs. Post-acquisition, Meredith has experienced a similar impact to its digital advertising ratesrevenue primarily from lower programmatic revenue as a result of traffic declines in 2020 due to the impactfirst quarter of COVID-19.
The volatile nature of our operating results in 20202023 due to COVID-19 will impact the comparability of our year-over-year results of operations.
In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the effects of COVID-19 were an indicator of possible impairment for certain of its assets and identified the following impairments:supported traffic levels in early 2022.
Outlooka $212.0 million impairment related to the goodwill of the Desktop reporting unit (included in the Search segment);
a $21.4 million impairment related to certain indefinite-lived intangible assets of the Desktop reporting unit;
a $51.5 million impairment of certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values; and
a $7.5 million impairment of a note receivable and a warrant related to certain investees.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded impairments of $53.2 million and $10.8 million related to the goodwill and intangible assets, respectively, of the Desktop reporting unit. These impairments were due in part to the effects of COVID-19 on monetization. Refer to "Certain Risks and Concentrations—Services Agreement with Google" for additional information.
The extent to which developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and measures designed to curb its spread continue to impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and many of which are beyond the Company’s control, including the continuing spread of COVID-19, the severity of resurgences of COVID-19 caused by variant strains of the virus, the effectiveness of vaccines and attitudes toward receiving them, materials and supply chain constraints, labor shortages, the scope of governmental and other restrictions on travel, discretionary services and other activity, and public reactions to these developments.
Accounting Estimates
Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions during the preparation of its financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These estimates, judgments and assumptions impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

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On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and assumptions, including those related to: the fair values of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities; the carrying value of accounts receivable, including the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the determination of revenue reserves;losses; the determination of the customer relationship period for certain costs to obtain a contract with a customer; the carrying valuerecoverability of right-of-use assets ("ROU assets"); the useful lives and recoverability of buildings, capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets; the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of an acquisition and the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired during the measurement period; the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets; the fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values; the fair value of interest rate swaps; contingencies; the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements; unrecognized tax benefits; the liability for potential refunds and customer credits; the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets; pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including actuarial assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, inflation and healthcare costs; and the fair value of and forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, among others. The Company bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience, its forecasts and budgets and other factors that the Company considers relevant.
Accounting

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Interest Rate Swaps
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps for Investmentsa total notional amount of $350 million, which synthetically converted a portion of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023. Dotdash Meredith designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and applies hedge accounting to these contracts in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative ofaccordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards UpdateCodification ("ASU"ASC") No. 2016-01,Topic 815, RecognitionDerivatives and Measurement of Financial Assets and LiabilitiesHedging, with any changes to. As cash flow hedges, the interest rate swaps are recognized at fair value recognizedon the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities, with the changes in "Other income (expense), net"fair value recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the balance sheet and reclassified into “Interest expense” in the statement of operations each reporting period. Underin the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair valuesperiods in which the interest rate swaps affect earnings. Dotdash Meredith assessed hedge effectiveness at the time of entering into these agreements and determined these interest rate swaps are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securitiesexpected to be highly effective. Dotdash Meredith evaluates the hedge effectiveness of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach asinterest rate swaps quarterly, or more frequently, if necessary, by verifying (i) that the critical terms of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rightsinterest rate swaps continue to match the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessmentscritical terms of the fair value of its investmentshedged interest payments and (ii) that it is probable the counterparties will not default. If the two requirements are met, the interest rate swaps are determined to be effective and all changes in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value,interest rate swaps are recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The cash flows related to interest settlements of the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net"hedged monthly interest payments are classified as operating activities in the statement of operations.cash flows, consistent with the interest expense on the related Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B. See "Note 7—Financial Instruments and Fair Value MeasurementsLong-term Debt" for additional information on the impairments of certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020.information.
The Company accounts for investments in the common stock or in-substance common stock of entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial matters of the investee, but does not have a controlling financial interest, using the equity method. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had 1 investment accounted for using the equity method, which is included in "Long-term investments" in the balance sheet.
General Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval and commitment from all authorized parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services or goods is transferred to ourthe Company’s customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services or goods.
The Company's disaggregated revenue disclosures are presented in "Note 13—10Segment Information."
Transaction Price
The objective of determining the transaction price is to estimate the amount of consideration the Company is due in exchange for its services or goods, including amounts that are variable. Contracts may include sales incentives, such as volume discounts or rebates, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price. The Company also maintains a liability for potential future refunds and customer credits, which is recorded as a reduction of revenue. All estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and customer trends. The Company determines the total transaction price, including an estimate of any variable consideration, at contract inception and reassesses this estimate each reporting period.

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The Company excludes from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of revenue or cost of revenue.
For contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient available under ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money.
Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable or based on an estimate if not directly observable. For our multiple performance obligation arrangements that include functional intellectual property ("IP"), which comprise the downloadable apps and software of the Desktop business, the Company uses a residual approach to determine standalone selling prices for the functional IP.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
AsFor contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient available under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money.

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In addition, as permitted under the practical expedient available under ASU No. 2014-09,ASC 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts with variable consideration that is tied to sales-based or usage-based royalties, allocated entirely to unsatisfied performance obligations, or to a wholly unsatisfied promise accounted for under the series guidance, and (iii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount which it has the right to invoice for services performed.
The Company also applies the practical expedient for sales commissions where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less as noted below.

Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
The Company uses a portfolio approach to assess the accounting treatment of the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes an asset for these costs if we expect to recover those costs. To the extent that these costs are capitalized, the resultant asset is amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. The Company has determined that certain costs, primarily commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs and mobile app store fees, meet the requirements to be capitalized as a cost of obtaining a contract.
Commissions Paid to Third-Party Agent Sales of Magazine Subscriptions
Dotdash Meredith uses third-party agents to obtain certain subscribers. The agents are paid a commission, which can be as much as the subscription price charged to the subscriber. Dotdash Meredith subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Accordingly, these costs do not qualify for capitalization because there is no contract with a customer until a copy is served to a customer; therefore these costs are expensed when the publication is sent to the customer. Dotdash Meredith recognizes a liability to the extent the commission is refundable to the third-party agent. Dotdash Meredith expenses additional amounts paid to agents (such as per subscriber bounties) to acquire subscribers as incurred.
Commissions Paid to Employees Pursuant to Sales Incentive Programs
The Company has determined that commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. When customer renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission, the average customer life includes renewal periods. Capitalized commissions paid to employees pursuant to these sales incentive programs are amortized over the estimated customer relationship period.period and are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations. The Company calculates the anticipated customer relationship period as the average customer life, which is based on historical data.
For sales incentive programs where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense the commissions as incurred. Beginning October 1, 2022, commissions earned on certain transactions within the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads segment were expensed as incurred after determining the related customer relationship was less than one year.

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App Store Fees
The Company pays fees to the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store for the distribution of our paid mobile apps. The Company capitalizes and amortizes mobile app store fees related to subscriptions over the term of the applicable subscription. The amortization of mobile app store fees is included in "Cost of revenue" in the statement of operations.
The following table presents the capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer for the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 2020:2022:
Years Ended December 31,
Years Ended December 31,
Years Ended December 31,
Years Ended December 31, 20232022
20212020
Sales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotalSales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotal
(In thousands)
Sales CommissionsSales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotalSales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotal
(In thousands)(In thousands)
CurrentCurrent$39,669 $9,023 $48,692 $50,319 $8,469 $58,788 
Non-currentNon-current6,086 — 6,086 4,397 — 4,397 
TotalTotal$45,755 $9,023 $54,778 $54,716 $8,469 $63,185 
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, the Company recognized expense of $125.9$97.4 million, $101.3$95.5 million and $94.9$125.9 million, respectively, related to the amortization of capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer.

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The current and non-current capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer are included in "Other current assets" and "Other non-current assets," respectively, in the balance sheet.
Commissions Paid to Third-Party Agent Sales of Magazine Subscriptions
Dotdash Meredith uses third-party agents to obtain certain subscribers. The agents are paid a commission, which can be as much as the subscription price charged to the subscriber. Dotdash Meredith subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Accordingly, these commissions do not qualify for capitalization because there is no contract with a customer until a copy is prepared for shipment, at which point these costs are expensed. Dotdash Meredith recognizes a liability to the extent the commission is refundable to the third-party agent. Dotdash Meredith expenses additional amounts paid to agents (such as per subscriber bounties) to acquire subscribers as incurred. Expenses related to third-party agent sales of magazine subscriptions are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations.
Dotdash Meredith
Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of display advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand print advertising, and performance marketing revenue.
Digital
Display Advertising
Display advertisingAdvertising revenue is generated primarily through digital display advertisements sold directly by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and through programmatic advertising networks. Performance obligations are generally satisfied whenconsist of delivering advertisements with a promised number of actions related to the advertisement appears on the receiving platform.advertisements, such as impressions or clicks, displaying advertisements for an agreed upon amount of time or providing available advertising space. The price is determined by an agreed-upon pricing model such as CPM (cost-per-1,000 impressions), CPC (cost per click), CPM (cost per 1,000 impressions),(cost-per-click) or flat fees.
The Company recognizes revenue over time as performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue is recognized using an output method based on impression pricing is recognized whenactions delivered or time elapsed depending on the advertisements are delivered consistentnature of the performance obligation. The Company considers the right to receive consideration from a customer to correspond directly with the respective pricing model. Flat fee contracts are recognized ratably overvalue to the contract period using a time-elapsed output method.customer of our performance completed to date. The customer is invoiced the agreed-upon price in the month following the month that the advertisements are delivered with normal trade terms.
As part of Dotdash Meredith's customary business practices, contracts may include a guaranteed number of impressions as well as sales incentives to its customers, including volume discounts, rebates, value added impressions, etc. For all such contracts that include these types of variable consideration, the Company estimates the variable consideration when determining the transaction price. Dotdash Meredith has sufficient historical data and has established processes to reliably estimate these variable components of the transaction price.

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delivered.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith refers usersbrands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction, or generated on a cost-per-click, cost-per-lead, or some other cost-per-action basis.transaction. Performance marketing and affiliate commerce partners are invoiced monthly.
Affinity marketing programs partner with third partiesare arrangements where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publishers to market and place magazine subscriptions online for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publisher titles where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent.online. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed.publisher. Dotdash Meredith net settles with the third-party publishers monthly.
Licensing and Other Revenue
Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of certain content licensing.licensing agreements. Revenues from symbolic licenses are in the form of a royalty based on the sale or usage of the branded product, which is recognized over time when the sale or use occurs under the sales or usage-based royalty exception. Revenues from functional licenses are recognized at a point-in-time when Dotdash Meredith content (or advertising displayed alongside content) licensed to a third party is consumed by a customer.occurs. Generally, revenues are accrued based on estimated sales and adjusted as actual sales are reported by partners. These adjustments are typically recorded within three months of the initial estimates and have not been material. Any minimumMinimum guarantees, if applicable, are typically earned evenlygenerally recognized as revenue over the year. Revenuesterm of the applicable contract.

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Revenue from functional licenses areis recognized as Dotdash Meredith's content is delivered or access to the content is granted. Revenue from functional licenses is recognized at a point-in-time when access to the completed content is granted to the partner. There is no variable consideration related to functional licenses. Payment terms are contract specific and vary.
Print
Subscription Revenue
Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith subscriptionsmagazines. Subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-to-issueissue-by-issue basis. Most of the Company’sDotdash Meredith’s subscription sales are prepaid at the time of order and may be canceled at any time for a refund of the pro rata portion of the initial subscription. Accordingly, amounts received from pre-paidprepaid subscriptions are recorded as a customer deposit liability rather than as deferred revenue. Each subscription saleThe delivery of each issue is determined to be a distinct performance obligation that is satisfiedsatisfied; revenue is recognized when the publication is sent to the customer. Revenues from subscriptions
Advertising
Advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Revenue is recognized on the magazine issue’s on-sale date, which is the date the magazine is published. The customer is invoiced, net of agency commissions, once the advertisements are deferredpublished under normal industry trade terms.
Project and Other Revenue
Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeted advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Depending on the contractual arrangement, revenue is recognized either as a customer deposit liability and recognized ratablythe purchased advertising is run on third-party platforms, or over the contractual period as subscribers are served. Some subscription offers contain more than one title in a bundle and the transaction price is allocatedproducts do not have an alternate use to each distinct performance obligationthe Company or its other clients. Payment terms vary based on a standalone-selling price basis. The transaction price is fixed upon establishmentthe nature of the contract that contains the final terms of the sale, including description, quantity, and price of each subscription purchased.contract.
Newsstand Revenue
Newsstand revenue is related to single copy magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from Dotdash Meredith for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Revenue is recognized on the issue's on-sale date as the date aligns most closely with the date that control is transferred to the customer. Wholesalers are invoiced a percentage of estimated final sales the month after the issue’s initial on-sale date. Final paymentsGenerally, the previously estimated revenue is adjusted based upon the final sales, which occur when the final amounts are settled under normal industry terms.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue principally consists of affinity marketing revenue through which Dotdash Meredith places magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed. Dotdash Meredith net settles with these third parties monthly.
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads Revenue

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Print Advertising
Print advertisingAds and Leads revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies, which is recognized when the magazine issue is published, which is the issue’s on-sale date. The customer is invoiced the agreed-upon price when the advertisements are published under normal industry trade terms. Contracts may include guaranteed circulation levels, as well as sales incentives including volume discounts, rebates, bonus pages, etc. For contracts that include these types of variable consideration, Dotdash Meredith estimates the variable consideration when determining the transaction price. Dotdash Meredith has sufficient historical data and has established processes to reliably estimate the variable components of the transaction price.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing principally consists of affinity marketing revenue. Dotdash Meredith partners with traditional customer facing channels, such as brick and mortar retailers and call centers, to place magazine subscriptions. Dotdash Meredith net settles with these third-parties monthly.
Other Revenue
Print revenues includes other revenue streams that are primarily projects based. The revenue may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: advertising audience targeting, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing, and search engine optimization. Depending on the contractual arrangement, revenue is recognized either as the purchased advertising is run on third-party platforms, or over the contractual period as the products do not have an alternate use to Dotdash Meredith or its other clients. Payment terms vary based on the nature of the contract.
Angi Inc.
Revenue is primarily derived from consumer connection revenue which comprises fees paid by Angi Leads service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service)., revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services. Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered, and geographic location of service. Consumer connection revenue is generally billed one week following a consumer match, with payment due upon receipt of invoice. The CompanyAngi Inc. maintains revenue reservesa liability for potential credits issued to Angi Leads services providers.
Revenue is also derived from (i) sales of time-based website, mobile and call center advertising to service professionals, (ii) Angi Leads service professional membership subscription fees, (iii) membership subscription fees from consumers, (iv) service warranty subscription and other services and (v) revenue from completed jobs sourced through the Angi Services platforms. AngiInc. service professionals generally pay for advertisements in advance on a monthly or annual basis at the option of the service professional, with the average advertising contract term being approximately one year. Angi website, mobile and call center advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. Revenue from the sale of advertising in the Angie’s List Magazine is recognized in the period in which the publication is distributed. Service professional membership subscription revenue is initially deferred upon receipt of payment and is recognized using the straight-line method over the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year. Angi Inc. prepaid consumer membership subscription fees are recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year.
Services Revenue
Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. engages a service professional to perform the service. Consumers typically payare billed when a job is scheduled through the Angi Services platform, or when the job is completed for Angi Roofing.platform. Billing practices are governed by the contract terms of each project as negotiated with the consumer. Billings do not necessarily correlate with revenue recognized over time as this is based on the timing of when the consumer receives the promised services.

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Prior toFrom January 1, 2020 Handythrough December 31, 2022, Services recorded revenue on a netgross basis. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company2023, Angi Inc. modified the HandyServices terms and conditions so that Handy,the service professional, rather than the service professional,Angi Inc., has the contractual relationship with the consumer to deliver the service and Handy, rather thanAngi Inc.'s performance obligation to the consumer has the contractual relationshipis to connect them with the service professional. Consumers request services and pay for such services directly through the Handy platform and then Handy fulfills the request with independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services. This change in contractual terms requires gross revenue accounting treatmentto be reported as the net amount of what is received from the consumer after deducting the amounts owed to the service professional providing the service effective January 1, 2020 and resulted in an increasefor all arrangements entered into after December 31, 2022. There is no impact to operating loss or Adjusted EBITDA from this change in revenue of $73.8 million duringrecognition. For the yearyears ended December 31, 2020.2022 and 2021, if Services revenue were recorded on a net basis, revenue would have been reduced by $242.6 million and $180.7 million, respectively.
International Revenue
International revenue primarily comprises consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Search
Ask Media Group revenue consists primarily of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to advertiser websites. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. ("Google"(“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Google paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price per clickprice-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a Google paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. The Company recognizes paid listing revenue from Google when it delivers the user'suser’s click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a revenue share or other payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs.

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.

Desktop revenue largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements. Fees related tofor subscription downloadable desktop applications are generally recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is primarily one or two years. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed.monthly.
Emerging & Other
Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with corporate employers who provide access to Care.com'sCare.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform. Subscription fees from families and caregivers are deferred and recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typically up to one year. Fees from annual contracts with employers and businesses include subscription revenue, which is deferred and recognized over the applicable subscription period, and backup care services for employees, which is recognized upon delivery of the service.

Mosaic Group revenue consists primarily of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and fees received directly from consumers, as well as display advertisements. Fees related to subscription downloadable mobile applications are initially deferred and generally recognized either over the term of the subscription period, which is up to one year, for those applications that must be connected to our servers to function, or at the time of the sale when the software license is delivered. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed.
BluecrewRoofing revenue consistsfor periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, primarily consisted of revenue from the roof replacement business offering by which the consumer purchased services directly from the Roofing business and Roofing then engaged a service professional to perform the service. Consumers typically paid when a job was completed and revenue which is generated through staffing workers andwas recognized as control ofbased on the promised services is transferred to our customers.

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Company's progress in satisfying the roofing service.
Vivian Health revenue consists of subscription and usage revenue, which is generated through recruiting agencies and other employers that seek access to qualified healthcare professionals andprofessionals. Subscription revenue is recognized at the earlier of the full delivery of the promised services or over the length of the subscription period. There is usage revenue when the usage is in excess of the allotted amount included in the subscription, and is recognized in the period in which services were delivered.
The Daily Beast revenue consists of advertising revenue, which is generated primarily through display advertisements (sold directly and through programmatic advertising networks), and to a lesser extent, subscription revenue and affiliate commerce commission revenue. The performance obligations, timing of customer payments, and methods of revenue recognition are generally consistent with action-based advertising and time-based advertising revenue, as described above.
Revenue of IAC Films and College Humor Media, which was sold in the first quarter of 2020, is generated primarily through media production and distribution and advertising.distribution. Production revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer to broadcast or exhibit,exhibit.
Bluecrew revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022 consisted of service revenue, which was generated through staffing workers and advertising revenue is recognized when an advertisement is displayed or overas control of the advertising period.promised services was transferred to our customers.

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Accounts Receivables,Receivable, Net of the Allowance for Credit Losses and Revenue Reserves
Accounts receivable include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The allowance for credit losses is based upon a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the specific customer’s ability to pay its obligation and any other forward-looking data regarding customers' ability to pay that is available. Customer payments that are not collected in advance of the transfer of promised services or goods are generally due no later than 30 days from invoice date, with the exception of invoices at Dotdash Meredith, which vary by revenue stream as discusseddescribed above. The Company also maintains allowances to reserve for potential credits issued to consumers or other revenue adjustments. The amounts of these reserves are based primarily upon historical experience.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of payments that are received or are contractually due in advance of the Company'sCompany’s performance obligation. The Company’s deferred revenue is reported on a contract by contractcontract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current when the remaining term of the applicable subscription period or expected completion of its performance obligation is one year or less. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances are $137.7were $143.4 million and $0.7$0.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020,2023, and $94.7$157.1 million and $0.6$0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019.2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, the Company recognized $132.2$152.7 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2020.2022. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, the Company recognized $86.6$152.0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2019.2021. In addition to the revenue recognized, $7.3 million of the December 31, 2021 deferred revenue balance was reclassified to other balance sheet accounts and $1.1 million related to a business that was sold in 2022. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances arewere $165.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021. Included in the current deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2021 is $24.1 million related to Meredith, acquired December 1, 2021. Non-current deferred revenue is included in "Other“Other long-term liabilities"liabilities” in the balance sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments, with maturities of less than 91 days from the date of purchase. Domestically, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and treasury discount notes and time deposits.notes. Internationally, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and time deposits.

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Accounting for Investments in Debt Securities
At times the Company invests in marketable debt securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity to fund current operations or satisfy other cash requirements as needed. Marketable debt securities are adjusted to fair value each quarter, and the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (loss) as a separate component of shareholders'shareholders’ equity. The specific-identification method is used to determine the cost of debt securities sold and the amount of unrealized gains and losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (loss) into earnings. The Company also invests in non-marketable debt securities as part of its investment strategy. We review our debt securities for impairment each reporting period. The Company recognizes an unrealized loss on debt securities in net earnings when the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Factors we consider in making such determination include the duration, severity and reason for the decline in value and the potential recovery and our intent to sell the debt security. We also consider whether we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and whether the amortized cost basis cannot be recovered because of credit losses. If an impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the debt security will be written down to its fair value and the loss will be recognized within "Other (expense) income, (expense), net" in the statement of operations. There were noAt December 31, 2023 and 2022 marketable debt securities at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020 marketable debt securities consistedconsist of treasury discount notes.notes of $149.0 million and $235.1 million, respectively.

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Certain Risks and Concentrations—Concentrations
Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")
A meaningful portion of the Company's revenue (and a substantial portion of IAC’s net cash from operating activities attributableThe Company and Google are parties to continuing operations that it can freely access) is attributable to thean amended Services Agreement. In addition, theAgreement, which automatically renewed effective March 31, 2023 and now expires on March 31, 2025. The Company earns certain other advertising revenue from Google that is not attributable to the Services Agreement. A meaningful portion of the Company’s net cash from operating activities that it can freely access is attributable to revenue earned pursuant to the Services Agreement and other revenue earned from Google.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, total revenue earned from Google was $755.1$715.0 million, $556.1$701.5 million and $732.1$755.1 million, respectively, representing 20%16%, 20%,13% and 29%20%, respectively, of the Company's revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $89.1 million and $61.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The total revenue earned from the Services Agreement for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 2020 and 2019, was $661.3$574.3 million, $498.3$514.8 million and $677.0$661.3 million, respectively, representing 18%13%, 18%10% and 27%18%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $52.2 million and $74.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The revenue attributable to the Services Agreement is earned by Ask Media Group and the Desktop business, both withinwhich comprise the Search segment. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, revenue earned from the Services Agreement was $542.1$501.5 million, $344.8$424.3 million and $385.9$542.1 million, respectively, within Ask Media Group, and $119.1$72.8 million, $153.5$90.5 million and $291.1$119.1 million, respectively, within the Desktop business.
Effective August 1, 2021, the Company and Google amended the Services Agreement to extend the expiration date from March 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 and to provide for an automatic renewal for an additional one year period absent a notice of non-renewal from either party on or before March 31, 2023. The Company believes that the amended agreement, taken as a whole, is comparable to its previously existing agreement with Google. The Services Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain guidelines promulgated by Google. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice. These updates may be specific to the Services Agreement or could be more general and thereby impact the Company as well as other companies. These policy and guideline updates have in the past and could in the future require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which have been and could be costly to address or negatively impact revenue and have had and in the future could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As described below, Google has made changes to the policies under the Services Agreement and has also made industry-wide changes that have negatively impacted the Desktop business-to-consumer ("B2C"(“B2C”) business and itbusiness. Google may do somake changes in the future.future that could impact the revenue earned from Google, including under the Services Agreement.

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Certaincertain industry-wide policy changes became effective on July 1, 2019 and August 27, 2020. These industry-wide changes combined with increased enforcement by Google of policies under the Services Agreement have had a negative impact on the results of operations of the B2C business. During the year ended December 31, 2020,in prior periods, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Desktop reporting unit and the related indefinite-lived intangible assets and recorded goodwill and intangible asset impairments of $265.1 million and $32.2 million, respectively. The reduction in the Company’s fair value estimates was due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, Google suspended services with respect to some B2C's products and may do so with respect to other products in the future. As a result, the B2C business elected to modify certain marketing strategies in early January 2021. Subsequently, Google informed us of another policy change in the first quarter of 2021 that became effective on May 10, 2021. We anticipated that this Google policy change would eliminate our ability to successfully introduce and market new B2C products that would be profitable. Therefore, we undertook cost reduction measures and effectively eliminated all marketing of B2C products beginning in March 2021. This elimination of marketing has positively impacted profitability in 2021 because revenue from B2C products is earned over multiple periods beyond just the period in which the initial marketing is incurred. Following the cessation ofdiscontinued the introduction of new products in March 2021,2021. Therefore, the current B2C revenue stream relates solely to the then existing installed base of products. For the year ended December 31, 2021, B2C revenue declined by $55.5 million to $77.7 million, while Desktop operating income, excluding the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges in 2020, increased by $32.5 million to $49.7 million, versus the year ended December 31, 2020. Beyond 2021, we expectAs a result, the revenue and profits of the B2C business have declined significantly and Desktop, respectively,the Company expects that trend to decline significantly.continue.
Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject theThe Company to concentration ofhas counterparty credit risk consist primarily ofexposure to the private limited life insurance company, which issued the annuity contracts held by the IPC Pension Scheme ("IPC Plan"), as well as certain financial institutions that are counterparties to the interest rate swaps. In addition, cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions and are in excess of any applicable third-party insurance limits, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.

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Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $1.5 billion, which bears interest at a variable rate. In March 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million. See “Interest Rate Swaps” above for additional information. During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in the Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.2 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.
Other Risks
The Company is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on third-party technology providers and exposure to risks associated with online commerce security and credit card fraud.security.
Inventories
Inventories consist mainly of paper stock, editorial content, books, and other merchandise at Dotdash Meredith and are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method for books and weighted average cost method for paper and other merchandise.
Buildings, Capitalized Software, Equipment, Buildings, Land and Leasehold Improvements Equipment
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and Land
Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements equipment and land are recorded at cost or at fair value to the extent acquired in a business combination. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Amortization of leasehold improvements, which is included within depreciation withinin "Depreciation" in the statement of operations, and depreciation are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term, if shorter.
Asset CategoryEstimated
Useful Lives
Capitalized software and computer equipment2 to 3 Years
Furniture and other equipment3 to 12 Years
Buildings and leasehold improvements3 to 39 Years
The Company capitalizes certain internal use software costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. The net book value of capitalized internal use software is $131.6$109.7 million and $68.0$155.7 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively.

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Asset CategoryEstimated
Useful Lives
Buildings and leasehold improvements3 to 39 Years
Capitalized software and computer equipment2 to 3 Years
Furniture and other equipment3 to 12 Years
Business Combinations and Contingent Consideration Arrangements
The purchase price of each acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company usually obtains the assistance of outside valuation experts to assist in the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired. While outside valuation experts may be used, management has ultimate responsibility for the valuation methods, models and inputs used and the resulting purchase price allocation. The excess purchase price over the value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to the reporting unit(s) that is expected to benefit from the business combination as of the acquisition date. The acquisition of Meredith closed on December 1, 2021. The2021 and the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, andthe determination of the reporting units for Meredith is still in process of being assessed. Once that is completed the determination of fair value of the reporting units will need to be determined so that goodwill can be allocated. Therefore,and the allocation of goodwill forto the acquisitionreporting units were finalized during the fourth quarter of Meredith is not complete as of December 31, 2021.2022. See "Note 5—4—Business CombinationsCombination" for a descriptionadditional information

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In connection with certain business combinations, the Company has entered into contingent consideration arrangements that are determined to be part of the purchase price. Each of these arrangements is initially recorded at its fair value at the time of the acquisition and reflected at current fair value for each subsequent reporting period thereafter until settled. Generally, our contingent consideration arrangements are based upon financial performance and/or operating metric targets. The Company generally determines the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements by using probability-weighted analyses to determine the amounts of the gross liability, and, if the arrangement is long-term in nature, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures the risk associated with the obligation to determine the net amount reflected in the financial statements. Significant changes in the specified forecasted earningsfinancial or operating metrics wouldcan result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The changes in the remeasured fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements during each reporting period, including the accretion of the discount, if applicable, are recognized in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations. See "Note 7—3Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of contingent consideration arrangements.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Dotdash Meredith's operating segments and reporting units are Digital and Print. Angi Inc.'s Ads and Leads, Services and International are separate operating segments and reporting units. Search is an operating segment and a reporting unit. Within Emerging & Other, Mosaic Group, Care.com, Roofing, prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films, Newco (an IAC incubator) and Bluecrew, prior to its sale on November 9, 2022, are separate operating segments and reporting units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. See "Note 10—Segment Information" for additional information regarding the Company's method of determining operating and reportable segments.
The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are certain trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
When the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit's goodwill is necessary; otherwise, a quantitative assessment is performed and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment equal to the excess is recorded.
During the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded goodwill impairments of $9.0 million and $86.7 million, respectively, as a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies.
For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2021,2023, a qualitative assessment of the Angi Inc., Care.com, Bluecrew Ads and Leads, Services and International reporting units and the Vivian Health reporting units'unit goodwill was performed because the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these reporting units was in excess of their respective carrying values. The primary factors that the Company considered in its qualitative assessment for each of these reporting units are described below:
The Company considered the strong forecasted operating performance, in addition to actual operating results in the current year, of the Angi Inc.'s Ads and Leads and Services reporting units and, based on the Company's latest valuation prepared as of October 1, 2021 market capitalization2022, the excess of $6.2 billion exceeded itsthe estimated fair value of each reporting unit compared to their respective carrying value by approximately $5.0 billion.values.

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The Company prepared valuations of the Care.com, BluecrewAngi Inc. International and Vivian Health reporting units primarily in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in the equity of these businesses during the year ended December 31, 2021.2023. The valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2021.2023. The fair value of each of these businesses was in excess of its October 1, 20212023 carrying value.

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For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2021,2023, the Company quantitatively tested the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Mosaic Group and Care.com reporting unit.units. The Company's quantitative test indicated that there wastests resulted in no impairment.impairments. The Company's remaining reporting units, Dotdash Meredith Ask Media Group, Desktop,Print, Search, Roofing, The Daily Beast, IAC Films and Newco, reporting units have no goodwill as of October 1, 2021.2023.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, a quantitative assessment was performed on the Roofing reporting unit; this test resulted in an impairment of $26.0 million due to Roofing exiting certain markets and a projected reduction in future profits from the business, which reduced its fair value.
The aggregate carrying value of goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is approximately $243.0 million.$1.6 billion.
The fair value of the Company's reporting units (except for Angi Inc. described above) is determined using both an income approach based on discounted cash flows ("DCF") and a market approach when it tests goodwill for impairment, either on an interim basis or annual basis as of October 1 each year. The Company uses the same approach in determining the fair value of its businesses in connection with its non-public subsidiary denominated stock-based compensation plans, which can be a significant factor in the decision to apply the qualitative assessment rather than a quantitative test. Determining fair value using a DCF analysis requires the exercise of significant judgment with respect to several items, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and appropriate discount rates. The expected cash flows used in the DCF analyses are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. Assumptions used in the DCF analyses, including the discount rate, are assessed based on each reporting unit's current results and forecasted future performance, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the quantitative testtests for 2023 for determining the fair valuevalues of the Company's Dotdash Meredith Digital, Care.com and Mosaic Group reporting units was 15.0%were 15.5%, 16% and 16%, respectively, and were intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2022 for determining the fair values of the Company's Mosaic Group and Roofing reporting units were both 2021 and 2020 (for the Mosaic reporting unit)16%. Determining fair value using a market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on both acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer groupgroup of companies. From the comparable companies, a representative market multiple is determined, which is applied to financial metrics to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. To determine a peer group of companies for our respective reporting units, we considered companies relevant in terms of consumer use, monetization model, margin and growth characteristics, and brand strength operating in their respective sectors.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

While the Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values, the Company's policy is to determine the fair value of each of its indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of October 1, in part, because the level of effort required to perform the quantitative and qualitative assessments is essentially equivalent. The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using an avoided royalty DCF valuation analysis. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include the selection of appropriate royalty and discount rates and estimating the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. The royalty rates used in the DCF analyses are based upon an estimate of the royalty rates that a market participant would pay to license the Company's trade names and trademarks. The future cash flows are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. Assumptions used in the avoided royalty DCF analyses, including the discount rate and royalty rate, are assessed annually based on the actual and projected cash flows related to the asset, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment assessment ranged from 10.0%15% to 40.0%17% in 20212023 and 11.5%12% to 25.0%18.5% in 2020,2022, and the royalty rates used ranged from 1.0%2% to 5.0%8% in 20212023 and 1.00%1% to 5.5%8% in 2020.2022.
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment was an indicator of possible impairment. Following the identification of the indicator, the Company updated its calculation of the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded an impairment of $7.6 million. The discount rate used to value the trade name was 16% and the royalty rate was 8%. A quantitative assessment of this indefinite-lived trade name intangible was prepared as of October 1, 2023; this test resulted in no additional impairment as its carrying value approximates its fair value.
The October 1, 2023 annual quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets identified an impairment of $79.9 million related to certain other indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment. The discount rate used to value these trade names was 15.5% and the royalty rate was 6%.
If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment equal to the excess is recorded. There are no The aggregate carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the most recent estimateexcess of the excess fair value over carrying value is less than 20%. is $303.7 million.
Impairment charges recorded on indefinite-lived intangible assets are included in “Amortization of intangibles” in the statement of operations.
The October 1, 20212023 and 2022 annual assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any further impairments.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the effects of COVID-19 were an indicator of possible impairment for certain of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets and identified impairments of $212.0 million and $21.4 million related to the goodwill and certain indefinite-lived intangible assets of the Desktop reporting unit.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Desktop reporting unit and the related indefinite-lived intangible assets and recorded impairments equal to the remaining carrying value of the goodwill of $53.2 million and $10.8 million related to the intangible assets. The reduction in the Company’s fair value estimates of the Desktop business in the first and third quarters of 2020 was primarily due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor.
The October 1, 20202021 annual assessmentsassessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any additional impairments.
The October 1, 2019 annual assessment ofLong-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, identified a $3.3 million goodwill impairment charge and $0.7 million trade name impairment both related to the College Humor Media business.
Impairment charges recorded on indefinite-lived intangibles are included in "Amortization of intangibles" in the statement of operations.
Digital and Print are separate operating segments within the Dotdash Meredith reporting unit and North America and Europe are separate operating segments within the Angi Inc. reporting unit. Within the Company's Emerging & Other reportable segment, Mosaic Group, Care.com, Bluecrew, Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films, and Newco are separate operating segments, which are consistent with its reporting units. Ask Media Group and Desktop are separate reporting units within the Search reportable segment. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. See "Note 13—Segment Information" for additional information regarding the Company's method of determining operating and reportable segments.

Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets with Definite Lives
Long-lived assets, which consist of ROU assets, buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements and equipment, and intangible assets with definite lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Amortization
During the first quarter of definite-lived intangible2023, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market consisting of impairments of $44.7 million and $25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively.
During the third quarter of 2022, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $21.3 millionrelated tothe consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The impairment charges related to ROU assets is computed either on a straight-line basis or based onare included in "General and administrative expense" and the patternimpairment charges related to leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment are included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations. The impairment charges represent the amount by which the economic benefitscarrying value of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, calculated using a DCF approach using sublease market assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate. The impairment charges were allocated between the ROU assets and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment of the asset group based on their relative carrying values.
Accounting for Investments in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are expectedaccounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be realized.considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM Resorts International's ("MGM") ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option.
Fair Value MeasurementsStock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation at the Company is inherently complex. Our desire is to attract, retain, inspire and reward our management team and employees at each of our subsidiaries, including those employed by recently acquired companies, by allowing them to benefit directly from the value they help to create. We accomplish these objectives, in part, by issuing equity awards denominated in the equity of our non-publicly traded subsidiaries as well as in IAC and Angi Inc. We further refine this approach by tailoring certain equity awards to the applicable circumstances. For example, we have in the past issued certain equity awards for which vesting is linked to the achievement of a performance target such as revenue or profits; these awards are referred to as performance-based awards. In other cases, we link the vesting of equity awards to the achievement of a value target for a subsidiary or IAC or Angi Inc.'s stock price, as applicable; these awards are referred to as market-based awards. The nature and variety of these types of equity-based awards creates complexity in our determination of stock-based compensation expense.
In addition, acquisitions are an important part of the Company's growth strategy. These transactions may result in the modification of equity awards, which may create additional complexity and additional stock-based compensation expense. In addition, our spin-offs and internal reorganizations can also lead to modifications of equity awards and may result in additional complexity and stock-based compensation expense.
Finally, the means by which we settle our equity-based awards also introduces complexity into our financial reporting. We provide a path to liquidity by settling the non-public subsidiary denominated awards in IAC or Angi Inc. shares, as applicable. In addition, certain former Angi Inc. subsidiary denominated awards and Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights can be settled in IAC or Angi Inc. awards at the Company’s election. These features increase the complexity of our earnings per share calculations.
Stock-based compensation expense reflected in our statement of operations includes expense related to equity awards issued by certain of our subsidiaries and awards granted to the Company's Corporate employees and the employees of Angi Inc. These awards have been in the form of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs, market-based RSUs and restricted stock. For RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term. For performance-based RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term when the performance targets are considered probable of being achieved. For market-based RSUs, a lattice model is used to estimate the value of the awards. For IAC restricted stock, a lattice model was used to estimate the fair value of the award which is based on the satisfaction of IAC's stock price targets.
The principal form of equity awards to the employees and management of its non-publicly traded subsidiaries is stock settled stock appreciation rights that are denominated in the equity of the relevant subsidiary of the Company categorizesor Angi Inc., in the case of its financial instrumentsInternational business, which are settleable in shares of the Company or Angi Inc. as applicable. The value of the stock settled stock appreciation rights is tied to the value of the common stock of these subsidiaries. Accordingly, these interests only have value to the extent the relevant business appreciates in value above the initial value utilized to determine the exercise price and these interests can have substantial value in the event of significant appreciation. The grant date value of these stock settled stock appreciation rights is measured at grant date, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model, at fair value into aand is expensed over the vesting term.

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The Company estimates the fair value hierarchyof stock options upon issuance or modification using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model. No stock options were issued by the Company in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Investments in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that prioritizesindicate possible impairment. Factors the inputs usedCompany considers in pricingmaking this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the asset or liability. The three levelsCompany prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1: Observable inputs obtained from independent sources, such as quoted market prices for identical assetsof its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and liabilitiesthe use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in active markets."Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
Level 2: Other inputs,The carrying value of the Company’s equity securities without readily determinable fair values is $404.8 million and $323.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in "Long-term investments" in the balance sheet.
The Company has no investments in marketable equity securities, following the change in classification of its investment in MGM to an equity method investment in the fourth quarter of 2023, described below. At December 31, 2022, the Company had two investments in marketable equity securities, other than its investment in MGM, including one investment that was fully impaired in the first quarter of 2023 due to the investee declaring bankruptcy and another investment that was sold in the third quarter of 2023. The Company recorded net unrealized pre-tax losses of $0.3 million and $20.3 million for these investments during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unrealized pre-tax losses related to these investments are observable directly or indirectly, suchincluded in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as quoted market pricesan equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for similar assets or liabilitiesthis investment.
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, including a total of 5.7 million common shares purchased in active markets, quoted market pricesthe first and third quarters of 2022 for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.$244.3 million. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, the Company owns 19.8% of MGM. The fair valuesvalue of the investment in MGM is remeasured each reporting period based upon MGM's closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange on the last trading day in the reporting period and any unrealized pre-tax gains or losses are included in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, respectively on its investment in MGM. The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 9, 2024, the fair value of the Company's Level 2investment in MGM was $3.0 billion.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

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Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Equity Price Risk
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM. During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, respectively, on its investment in MGM.
The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investment in MGM, which includes the cumulative unrealized pre-tax gains, was $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion, or approximately 28% and 21% of the Company’s consolidated total assets, respectively. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 9, 2024, the fair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $3.0 billion. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition have in the past been and may in the future be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of MGM common shares, which are primarily obtainedtraded on the New York Stock Exchange.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $2.0 billion, of which $1.5 billion is the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, which bear interest at a variable rate, and $500.0 million is the ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate.
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027. The interest rate swaps synthetically converted $350 million of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for the duration of the interest rate swaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023 and applies hedge accounting to these contracts. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for more information. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is determined using discounted cash flows derived from observable market prices, including swap curves, and represents what Dotdash Meredith would pay or receive to terminate the swap agreements. Dotdash Meredith intends to continue to meet the conditions for identical underlyinghedge accounting, however, if these interest rate swaps were not highly effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps used as hedges could have a significant impact on future results of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") for the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.23 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.

If market rates decline relative to interest rates on the ANGI Group Senior Notes, the Company runs the risk that the related required interest payments will exceed those based on market rates. A 100-basis point increase or decrease in the level of interest rates would, respectively, decrease or increase the fair value of the fixed-rate debt by $20.0 million. Such potential increase or decrease in fair value is based on certain simplifying assumptions, including an immediate increase or decrease in the level of interest rates with no other subsequent changes for the remainder of the period, nor changes in the credit profile.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The Company has operations in certain foreign markets, primarily in various jurisdictions within the European Union and the United Kingdom. The Company has exposure to foreign currency exchange risk related to its foreign subsidiaries that transact business in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the translation of the statement of operations of the Company's international businesses into U.S. dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.
In addition, certain of the Company’s U.S. operations have customers in international markets. International revenue, including revenue of our operations located outside the U.S., which is measured based upon where the customer is located, accounted for 13%, 10% and 14% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The Company is also exposed to foreign currency transaction gains and losses to the extent it or its subsidiaries conduct transactions in and/or have assets and/or liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded foreign exchange gains (losses) of $1.5 million, $(8.5) million and $(13.6) million, respectively.
The Company's exposure to foreign currency exchange gains or losses have not been material to the Company; therefore, the Company has not hedged its foreign currency exposures. Any growth and expansion of our international operations increases our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Significant foreign exchange rate fluctuations, in the case of one currency or collectively with other currencies, could have a significant impact on our future results of operations.

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of IAC Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of IAC Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that maywe plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not be actively traded. Certainalter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.










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Quantitative Impairment Assessment for Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Description of the Matter
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset balances were $3.0 billion and$544.2 million, respectively. As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment using either a qualitative or quantitative approach as of October 1, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
Auditing management’s quantitative impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets was challenging given the inherent judgements and estimates involved. Management’s quantitative impairment tests were complex and judgmental due to the measurement uncertainty in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit for goodwill and the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets. Specifically, the fair value estimate of the Company’s Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units were sensitive to assumptions such as the discount rate, revenue growth rates and projected margin. The fair value estimates for Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets were sensitive to assumptions such as discount rates, revenue growth rates and royalty rates. These assumptions are affected by factors such as expected future industry or economic conditions.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment review process. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the reporting units for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible assets, including projected financial information.

To test the estimated fair values of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units and Meredith's indefinite-lived intangible assets, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the methodologies and testing the significant assumptions and underlying data used by the Company. We evaluated the Company’s underlying forecast and budget information by comparing the significant assumptions to historical results, forecasted information included in analyst reports and the Company's guideline companies in the same industry and current economic trends. For example, we evaluated management’s forecasted revenue to identify, understand and evaluate changes as compared to historical results. We performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the estimated fair value of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units for goodwill and Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from changes in the assumptions. In addition, we involved an internal valuation specialist to assist in evaluating the methodologies and significant assumptions applied in developing the fair value estimates.



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Revenue Processed By Highly Automated Proprietary Systems - Leads and Services
Description of the Matter
As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, Angi Inc.’s revenue includes domestic Ads and Leads revenue as well as Services revenue. Ads revenue is primarily derived from service professionals under contract for advertising. Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue for consumer matches as well as membership subscription revenue from service professionals. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through a Company platform and the Company connects them with a service professional to perform the service.

In aggregate, Leads and Services Revenue was approximately $1.0 billion, as disclosed in Note 10 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s Leads and Services Revenue is based on contractual terms with the Company’s customers and is comprised of a significant volume of low-dollar transactions. The processing and recording of Leads and Services revenue is highly automated within the Company’s information technology (“IT”) systems that are principally proprietary.

Given the complexity of the IT systems involved, auditing Leads and Services Revenue required a significant extent of effort and increased involvement of professionals with expertise in IT to identify, test, and evaluate the Company’s relevant systems and automated controls utilized to process and record these transactions.


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls related to the recording and accounting for Leads and Services Revenue. With the involvement of IT professionals, we identified the relevant systems used by the Company to process, calculate, and record revenue and the related deferred revenue. Where applicable, we tested the IT general controls over those systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls as well as certain automated application controls related to the recording of revenue and the related deferred revenue at period end. We also tested the Company’s controls to address the completeness and accuracy of transaction data.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s Leads and Services Revenue also included reconciling revenue recorded to cash received, testing the details for a sample of specific cash receipts to third-party banking information and evidence of the related customer arrangement, testing the calculations of revenue and the related deferred revenue performed within the Company’s systems to the amount recorded in the general ledger, and testing revenue transactions occurring near year-end.



/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
New York, New York
February 29, 2024


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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands, except par value amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$1,297,445 $1,417,390 
Marketable securities148,998 239,373 
Accounts receivable, net536,650 607,809 
Other current assets257,499 296,563 
Total current assets2,240,592 2,561,135 
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net455,281 510,614 
Goodwill3,024,266 3,030,168 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization874,705 1,170,041 
Investment in MGM Resorts International2,891,850 2,170,182 
Long-term investments411,216 325,721 
Other non-current assets473,267 625,774 
TOTAL ASSETS$10,371,177 $10,393,635 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY  
LIABILITIES:  
Current portion of long-term debt$30,000 $30,000 
Accounts payable, trade105,514 133,105 
Deferred revenue143,449 157,124 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities671,527 759,759 
Total current liabilities950,490 1,079,988 
Long-term debt, net1,993,154 2,019,759 
Deferred income taxes164,612 76,276 
Other long-term liabilities474,540 617,843 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests33,378 27,235 
Commitments and contingencies
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 84,465 and 84,184 shares issued and 80,115 and 83,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 400,000 shares; 5,789 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Additional paid-in capital6,340,312 6,295,080 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)923 (265,019)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(10,942)(13,133)
Treasury stock, 4,350 and 1,101 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively(252,441)(85,323)
Total IAC shareholders' equity6,077,861 5,931,614 
Noncontrolling interests677,142 640,920 
Total shareholders' equity6,755,003 6,572,534 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY$10,371,177 $10,393,635 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these securities may havestatements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue$4,365,235 $5,235,280 $3,699,627 
Operating costs and expenses:   
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)1,343,254 1,933,705 1,296,282 
Selling and marketing expense1,576,229 1,914,878 1,362,300 
General and administrative expense891,958 991,983 797,448 
Product development expense334,491 318,028 230,810 
Depreciation175,096 130,986 75,015 
Amortization of intangibles295,970 307,718 74,839 
Goodwill impairment9,000 112,753 — 
Total operating costs and expenses4,625,998 5,710,051 3,836,694 
Operating loss(260,763)(474,771)(137,067)
Interest expense(157,632)(110,165)(34,264)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in MGM Resorts International721,668 (723,515)789,283 
Other income (expense), net63,862 (217,785)111,854 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes367,135 (1,526,236)729,806 
Income tax (provision) benefit(108,818)331,087 (138,990)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations258,317 (1,195,149)590,816 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings (loss)258,317 (1,192,455)588,985 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 22,285 8,562 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$265,942 $(1,170,170)$597,547 
Per share information from continuing operations:   
Basic earnings (loss) per share$3.07 $(13.58)$6.72 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$2.97 $(13.58)$6.33 
Per share information attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders:
Basic earnings (loss) per share$3.07 $(13.55)$6.70 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$2.97 $(13.55)$6.31 
Stock-based compensation expense by function:
Cost of revenue$1,613 $47 $57 
Selling and marketing expense8,808 8,293 5,009 
General and administrative expense93,506 99,993 67,664 
Product development expense13,254 15,143 6,757 
Total stock-based compensation expense$117,181 $123,476 $79,487 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Net earnings (loss)$258,317 $(1,192,455)$588,985 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment3,428 (18,829)10,466 
Change in net unrealized losses on interest rate swaps(696)— — 
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities(33)53 (2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes2,699 (18,776)10,464 
Comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes261,016 (1,211,231)599,449 
Components of comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 22,285 8,562 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests(513)1,235 93 
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,112 23,520 8,655 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$268,128 $(1,187,711)$608,104 

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.


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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Year Ended December 31, 2023


Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
(Accumulated Deficit) Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury StockTotal IAC
Shareholders'
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$Shares$Shares
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
Net (loss) earnings(1,175)— — — — — 265,942 — — 265,942 (6,450)259,492 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes— — — — — — — 2,186 — 2,186 513 2,699 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — 73,562 — — — 73,562 48,388 121,950 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 281 — — (9,814)— — — (9,814)— (9,814)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — (5,620)— — (5,615)(673)(6,288)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — — — — (167,118)(167,118)— (167,118)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — (11,099)— — — (11,099)— (11,099)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount7,567 — — — — (7,567)— — — (7,567)— (7,567)
Adjustment to the liquidation value of Vivian Health preferred shares— — — — — 5,527 — — — 5,527 (5,527)— 
Other(249)— — — — 243 — — — 243 (29)214 
Balance at December 31, 2023$33,378 $84,465 $5,789 $6,340,312 $923 $(10,942)$(252,441)$6,077,861 $677,142 $6,755,003 




The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
 Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $.0001 par value
Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Class B Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Additional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
Treasury StockTotal IAC Shareholders' EquityNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Shareholders' Equity
 $Shares$Shares$Shares$Shares
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$231,992 $— — $— — $83 82,976 $5,789 $5,909,614 $694,042 $(6,170)$— $6,597,575 $553,353 $7,150,928 
Net earnings (loss)1,732 — — — — — — — — — 597,547 — — 597,547 (10,294)587,253 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes515 — — — — — — — — — — 10,519 — 10,519 (608)9,911 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 59,283 — — — 59,283 33,057 92,340 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 564 — — — 382 — — (98,691)— — — (98,691)— (98,691)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (59,619)— 10 — (59,609)(1,614)(61,223)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (35,959)— — — (35,959)— (35,959)
Issuance of Vimeo common stock and creation of noncontrolling interest, net of fees40,785 — — — — — — — — 258,965 — — — 258,965 — 258,965 
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(29,769)— — — — — — — — — — — — — (570)(570)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount777,688 — — — — — — — — (777,688)— — — (777,688)— (777,688)
Recapitalization of IAC upon Vimeo spin-off— 83,358 5,789 (83)(83,358)(6)(5,789)80 — — — — — — 
Spin-off IAC's investment in Vimeo— — — — — — — — — (38)(386,438)38 — (386,438)— (386,438)
Elimination of Vimeo's noncontrolling interests(1,002,324)— — — — — — — — 1,002,324 — — — 1,002,324 — 1,002,324 
Change in the MTCH Separation tax account distribution— — — — — — — — — 7,640 — — — 7,640 — 7,640 
Other(1,878)— — — — — — — — (242)— — — (242)410 168 
Balance at December 31, 2021$18,741 $83,922 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,265,669 $905,151 $4,397 $— $7,175,226 $573,734 $7,748,960 
Net loss(2,130)— — — — — — — — — (1,170,170)— — (1,170,170)(20,155)(1,190,325)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — — — — (17,541)— (17,541)(1,235)(18,776)
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 70,808 — — — 70,808 55,891 126,699 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 262 — — — — — — (16,905)— — — (16,905)— (16,905)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (12,276)— 11 — (12,265)3,638 (8,627)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock— — — — — — — — — — — — (85,323)(85,323)— (85,323)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (8,144)— — — (8,144)— (8,144)
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(1,179)— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount24,229 — — — — — — — — (24,229)— — — (24,229)— (24,229)
Issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees, and the reclassification and creation of noncontrolling interest and subsequent adjustment to liquidation value(11,782)— — — — — — — — 17,818 — — — 17,818 36,882 54,700 
Adjustment to noncontrolling interests resulting from the reorganization of a foreign subsidiary— — — — — — — — — 7,580 — — — 7,580 (7,835)(255)
Other(644)— — — — — — — — (5,241)— — — (5,241)— (5,241)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities attributable to continuing operations:
Net earnings (loss)$258,317 $(1,192,455)$588,985 
Less: Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to continuing operations258,317 (1,195,149)590,816 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Amortization of intangibles295,970 307,718 74,839 
Depreciation175,096 130,986 75,015 
Stock-based compensation expense117,181 123,476 79,487 
Non-cash lease expense (including right-of-use asset impairments)101,695 70,922 35,737 
Deferred income taxes88,792 (337,758)133,377 
Provision for credit losses87,729 116,553 89,893 
Losses (gains) on investments in equity securities and sales of businesses, net19,346 (38,956)(44,835)
Goodwill impairment9,000 112,753 — 
Pension and postretirement benefit cost76 209,991 18,212 
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in MGM Resorts International(721,668)723,515 (789,283)
Unrealized (increase) decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrant(2,832)62,495 (104,018)
Other adjustments, net(12,315)17,963 45,302 
 Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:   
Accounts receivable(37,296)(66,706)(154,887)
Other assets11,281 8,920 4,185 
Operating lease liabilities(74,256)(63,843)(30,995)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(120,259)(247,912)90,265 
Income taxes payable and receivable2,884 (6,739)(2,506)
Deferred revenue(9,213)(11,020)8,296 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations189,528 (82,791)118,900 
Cash flows from investing activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Capital expenditures(141,364)(139,753)(90,210)
Net proceeds from sales of assets29,805 9,780 1,221 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities550,000 — 225,000 
Purchases of marketable debt securities(455,413)(233,928)— 
Purchases of investments(103,555)(3,036)(24,290)
Net proceeds from the sales of businesses and investments11,861 90,767 16,451 
Purchases of investment in MGM Resorts International— (244,256)— 
Net collections of notes receivable11,297 19,497 — 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired— — (2,699,643)
Cash distribution related to the spin-off of IAC's investment in Vimeo— — (333,184)
Other, net9,902 6,121 (2,848)
Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations(87,467)(494,808)(2,907,503)
Cash flows from financing activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Principal payments on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans(30,000)(30,000)— 
Proceeds from the issuance of Dotdash Meredith Term Loans— — 1,600,000 
Principal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan— — (220,000)
Debt issuance costs— (785)(23,548)
Proceeds from the exercise of IAC stock options130 — 1,496 
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awards(10,587)(18,068)(95,983)
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees on net settled stock-based awards(5,994)(8,827)(61,908)
Purchases of IAC treasury stock(165,622)(85,323)— 
Purchases of Angi Inc. treasury stock(10,932)(8,144)(35,403)
Proceeds from the issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees— 34,700 — 
Purchase of noncontrolling interests— (1,179)(30,339)
Other, net(8)4,975 (18,578)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations(223,013)(112,651)1,115,737 
Total cash used in continuing operations(120,952)(690,250)(1,672,866)
Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 18,053 
Net cash provided by investing activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 7,602 
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 293,577 
Total cash provided by discontinued operations— — 319,232 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash1,124 (5,545)(1,612)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(119,828)(695,795)(1,355,246)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period1,426,069 2,121,864 3,477,110 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$1,306,241 $1,426,069 $2,121,864 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION
Company overview
IAC today is comprised of category leading businesses, including Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com, as well as others ranging from early stage to established businesses.
As used herein, “IAC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to IAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).
Dotdash Meredith
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Media Inc. (referred to herein as "Dotdash"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of IAC, completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"), the former subsidiary of Meredith Corporation, comprising its digital and magazine businesses and its corporate operations. The parent of the combined entity is Dotdash Meredith, Inc. ("Dotdash Meredith"). See "Note 4—Business Combination" for a description of the acquisition of Meredith.
Dotdash Meredith is one of the largest digital and print publishers in America. Nearly 200 million people trust us to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, allrecipes, Byrdie, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living.
Dotdash Meredith has two operating segments: (i) Digital, which includes its digital, mobile and licensing operations; and (ii) Print, which includes its magazine subscription and newsstand operations.
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc. is a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different market pricescategories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. Approximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi Inc. platforms during the three months ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one Angi Inc. business to find a service professional for approximately 23 million projects during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.2% and 98.1%, respectively.
On November 1, 2023, Angi Inc. completed the sale of 100% of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing"), and has reflected it as a discontinued operation in its standalone financial statements. Roofing does not meet the threshold to be reflected as a discontinued operation at the IAC level. During the fourth quarter of 2023, IAC moved Roofing to Emerging & Other and prior period financial information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. Following IAC's move of Roofing to Emerging & Other, Angi Inc. has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (includes Europe and Canada), and operates under multiple market data sources,brands including Angi, HomeAdvisor and Handy. Ads and Leads provides service professionals the capability to engage with potential customers, including quoting and invoicing services, and provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance and improvement projects. Services consumers can request household services directly through the Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. fulfills the request through the use of independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services. The matching and pre-priced booking services and related tools and directories are provided to consumers free of charge.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)


Search
The Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and the Desktop business. Ask Media Group is a collection of websites providing general search services and information. The Desktop business includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.
Emerging & Other
Emerging & Other primarily includes:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises and HomePay;

Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group has a portfolio of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall, Trapcall), Language (iTranslate, Speak & Translate), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero) and Lifestyle(Blossom, Pixomatic);
Roofing (previously included within the Angi Inc. segment), a provider of roof replacement and repair services, which was sold on November 1, 2023;
Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities;
IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States ("U.S.") and internationally;
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors; and
Bluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform exclusively for flexible W-2 work, for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022.
Vimeo Spin-off:
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the spin-off of its full stake in Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) to IAC shareholders (which we refer to as the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021. See "Note 18—Discontinued Operations'" for additional details.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements (referred to herein as "financial statements") in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The financial statements include the accounts of the Company, all entities that are wholly-owned by the Company and all entities in which casethe Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and balances between and among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.
COVID-19 Update
The COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Recently there has been a return to normal societal interactions, including the way the Company operates its businesses.
Angi Inc.
As previously disclosed, the impact of COVID-19 initially resulted in a decline in demand for service requests, driven primarily by decreases in demand in certain categories of jobs (particularly discretionary indoor projects). While Angi Inc. experienced a rebound in service requests in early 2021, service requests started to decline in May 2021 and continued to decline during 2022 due, in part, to COVID-19 measures that were more widely in place in prior periods. Angi Inc.'s ability to monetize service requests rebounded modestly in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022; however, that improved monetization plateaued in the third quarter of 2022 returning to monetization rates similar to those experienced pre-COVID-19.
Dotdash Meredith
Digital advertising and performance marketing revenue at Dotdash, excluding Meredith, declined in 2022, compared to 2021 due in part to lower traffic to its sites compared to prior year COVID-19 traffic highs. Post-acquisition, Meredith has experienced a similar impact to its digital advertising revenue primarily from lower programmatic revenue as a result of traffic declines in the first quarter of 2023 due to COVID-19 supported traffic levels in early 2022.
Outlook
The extent to which developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and measures designed to curb its spread continue to impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and many of which are beyond the Company’s control, including the severity of resurgences of COVID-19 caused by variant strains of the virus, the effectiveness of vaccines and attitudes toward receiving them, materials and supply chain constraints, labor shortages, the scope of governmental and other restrictions on travel, discretionary services and other activity, and public reactions to these developments.
Accounting Estimates
Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions during the preparation of its financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These estimates, judgments and assumptions impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
On an average marketongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and assumptions, including those related to: the fair values of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities; the carrying value of accounts receivable, including the determination of the allowance for credit losses; the determination of the customer relationship period for certain costs to obtain a contract with a customer; the recoverability of right-of-use assets ("ROU assets"); the useful lives and recoverability of capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and definite-lived intangible assets; the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets; the fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values; the fair value of interest rate swaps; contingencies; the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements; unrecognized tax benefits; the liability for potential refunds and customer credits; the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets; pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including actuarial assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, inflation and healthcare costs; and the fair value of and forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, among others. The Company bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience, its forecasts and budgets and other factors that the Company considers relevant.

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Interest Rate Swaps
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million, which synthetically converted a portion of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023. Dotdash Meredith designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and applies hedge accounting to these contracts in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As cash flow hedges, the interest rate swaps are recognized at fair value on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities, with the changes in fair value recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the balance sheet and reclassified into “Interest expense” in the statement of operations in the periods in which the interest rate swaps affect earnings. Dotdash Meredith assessed hedge effectiveness at the time of entering into these agreements and determined these interest rate swaps are expected to be highly effective. Dotdash Meredith evaluates the hedge effectiveness of the interest rate swaps quarterly, or more frequently, if necessary, by verifying (i) that the critical terms of the interest rate swaps continue to match the critical terms of the hedged interest payments and (ii) that it is probable the counterparties will not default. If the two requirements are met, the interest rate swaps are determined to be effective and all changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The cash flows related to interest settlements of the hedged monthly interest payments are classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows, consistent with the interest expense on the related Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B. See "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information.
General Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval and commitment from all authorized parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services or goods is transferred to the Company’s customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services or goods.
The Company's disaggregated revenue disclosures are presented in "Note 10—Segment Information."
Transaction Price
The objective of determining the transaction price is used.to estimate the amount of consideration the Company is due in exchange for its services or goods, including amounts that are variable. Contracts may include sales incentives, such as volume discounts or rebates, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price. The Company also maintains a liability for potential future refunds and customer credits, which is recorded as a reduction of revenue. All estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and customer trends. The Company determines the total transaction price, including an estimate of any variable consideration, at contract inception and reassesses this estimate each reporting period.
The Company excludes from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of revenue or cost of revenue.
Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable or an estimate if not directly observable.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
For contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient available under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money.

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In addition, as permitted under the practical expedient available under ASC 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts with variable consideration that is tied to sales-based or usage-based royalties, allocated entirely to unsatisfied performance obligations, or to a wholly unsatisfied promise accounted for under the series guidance, and (iii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount which it has the right to invoice for services performed.
The Company also applies the practical expedient for sales commissions where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less as noted below.

Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
The Company uses a portfolio approach to assess the accounting treatment of the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes an asset if we expect to recover those costs. To the extent that these costs are capitalized, the resultant asset is amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. The Company has determined that certain costs, primarily commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs and mobile app store fees, meet the requirements to be capitalized as a cost of obtaining a contract.
Commissions Paid to Employees Pursuant to Sales Incentive Programs
The Company has determined that commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. When customer renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission, the average customer life includes renewal periods. Capitalized commissions paid to employees pursuant to these sales incentive programs are amortized over the estimated customer relationship period and are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations. The Company calculates the anticipated customer relationship period as the average customer life, which is based on historical data.
For sales incentive programs where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense the commissions as incurred. Beginning October 1, 2022, commissions earned on certain transactions within the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads segment were expensed as incurred after determining the related customer relationship was less than one year.
App Store Fees
The Company pays fees to the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store for the distribution of our paid mobile apps. The Company capitalizes and amortizes mobile app store fees related to subscriptions over the term of the applicable subscription. The amortization of mobile app store fees is included in "Cost of revenue" in the statement of operations.
The following table presents the capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Years Ended December 31,
 20232022
Sales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotalSales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotal
(In thousands)
Current$36,589 $7,835 $44,424 $39,590 $8,266 $47,856 
Non-current6,058 — 6,058 5,667 — 5,667 
Total$42,647 $7,835 $50,482 $45,257 $8,266 $53,523 
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized expense of $97.4 million, $95.5 million and $125.9 million, respectively, related to the amortization of capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer.

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The current and non-current capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer are included in "Other current assets" and "Other non-current assets," respectively, in the balance sheet.
Commissions Paid to Third-Party Agent Sales of Magazine Subscriptions
Dotdash Meredith uses third-party agents to obtain certain subscribers. The agents are paid a commission, which can be as much as the subscription price charged to the subscriber. Dotdash Meredith subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Accordingly, these commissions do not qualify for capitalization because there is no contract with a customer until a copy is prepared for shipment, at which point these costs are expensed. Dotdash Meredith recognizes a liability to the extent the commission is refundable to the third-party agent. Dotdash Meredith expenses additional amounts paid to agents (such as per subscriber bounties) to acquire subscribers as incurred. Expenses related to third-party agent sales of magazine subscriptions are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations.
Dotdash Meredith
Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand and performance marketing revenue.
Digital
Advertising
Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital advertisements sold by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance obligations consist of delivering advertisements with a promised number of actions related to the advertisements, such as impressions or clicks, displaying advertisements for an agreed upon amount of time or providing available advertising space. The price is determined by an agreed-upon pricing model such as CPM (cost-per-1,000 impressions), CPC (cost-per-click) or flat fees.
The Company recognizes revenue over time as performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue is recognized using an output method based on actions delivered or time elapsed depending on the nature of the performance obligation. The Company considers the right to receive consideration from a customer to correspond directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. The customer is invoiced in the month following the month that the advertisements are delivered.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith brands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Performance marketing and affiliate commerce partners are invoiced monthly.
Affinity marketing programs are arrangements where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publishers to market and place magazine subscriptions online. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher. Dotdash Meredith net settles with the third-party publishers monthly.
Licensing and Other Revenue
Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of certain content licensing agreements. Revenues from symbolic licenses are in the form of a royalty based on the sale or usage of the branded product, which is recognized over time when the sale or use occurs. Generally, revenues are accrued based on estimated sales and adjusted as actual sales are reported by partners. These adjustments are typically recorded within three months of the initial estimates and have not been material. Minimum guarantees, if applicable, are generally recognized as revenue over the term of the applicable contract.

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Revenue from functional licenses is recognized as Dotdash Meredith's content is delivered or access to the content is granted. Revenue from functional licenses is recognized at a point-in-time when access to the completed content is granted to the partner.
Print
Subscription Revenue
Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith magazines. Subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Most of Dotdash Meredith’s subscription sales are prepaid at the time of order and may be canceled at any time for a refund of the pro rata portion of the initial subscription. Accordingly, amounts received from prepaid subscriptions are recorded as a customer deposit liability rather than as deferred revenue. The delivery of each issue is determined to be a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied; revenue is recognized when the publication is sent to the customer.
Advertising
Advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Revenue is recognized on the magazine issue’s on-sale date, which is the date the magazine is published. The customer is invoiced, net of agency commissions, once the advertisements are published under normal industry trade terms.
Project and Other Revenue
Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeted advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Depending on the contractual arrangement, revenue is recognized either as the purchased advertising is run on third-party platforms, or over the contractual period as the products do not have an alternate use to the Company or its other clients. Payment terms vary based on the nature of the contract.
Newsstand Revenue
Newsstand revenue is related to single copy magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from Dotdash Meredith for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Revenue is recognized on the issue's on-sale date as the date aligns most closely with the date that control is transferred to the customer. Wholesalers are invoiced a percentage of estimated final sales the month after the issue’s initial on-sale date. Generally, the previously estimated revenue is adjusted based upon the final sales, which occur when the final amounts are settled under normal industry terms.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue principally consists of affinity marketing revenue through which Dotdash Meredith places magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed. Dotdash Meredith net settles with these third parties monthly.
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads Revenue

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Ads and Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue which comprises fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service), revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services. Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered, and geographic location of service. Consumer connection revenue is generally billed one week following a consumer match, with payment due upon receipt of invoice. Angi Inc. maintains a liability for potential credits issued to services providers. Angi Inc. service professionals generally pay for advertisements in advance on a monthly or annual basis at the option of the service professional, with the average advertising contract term being approximately one year. Angi website, mobile and call center advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. Revenue from the sale of advertising in the Angie’s List Magazine is recognized in the period in which the publication is distributed. Service professional membership subscription revenue is initially deferred upon receipt of payment and is recognized using the straight-line method over the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year. Angi Inc. prepaid consumer membership subscription fees are recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year.
Services Revenue
Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. engages a service professional to perform the service. Consumers are billed when a job is scheduled through the Services platform. Billing practices are governed by the contract terms of each project as negotiated with the consumer. Billings do not necessarily correlate with revenue recognized over time as this is based on the timing of when the consumer receives the promised services.
From January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, Services recorded revenue on a gross basis. Effective January 1, 2023, Angi Inc. modified the Services terms and conditions so that the service professional, rather than Angi Inc., has the contractual relationship with the consumer to deliver the service and Angi Inc.'s performance obligation to the consumer is to connect them with the service professional. This change in contractual terms requires revenue to be reported as the net amount of what is received from the consumer after deducting the amounts owed to the service professional providing the service effective for all arrangements entered into after December 31, 2022. There is no impact to operating loss or Adjusted EBITDA from this change in revenue recognition. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, if Services revenue were recorded on a net basis, revenue would have been reduced by $242.6 million and $180.7 million, respectively.
International Revenue
International revenue primarily comprises consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Search
Ask Media Group revenue consists primarily of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to advertiser websites. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Google paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a Google paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. The Company recognizes paid listing revenue from Google when it delivers the user’s click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a revenue share or other payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs.

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.

Desktop revenue largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements. Fees for subscription downloadable desktop applications are generally recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is primarily monthly.
Emerging & OtherLevel 3: Unobservable inputs
Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with employers who provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform. Subscription fees from families and caregivers are deferred and recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which there is littletypically up to one year. Fees from annual contracts with employers and businesses include subscription revenue, which is deferred and recognized over the applicable subscription period, and backup care services for employees, which is recognized upon delivery of the service.

Mosaic Group revenue consists primarily of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and fees received directly from consumers, as well as display advertisements. Fees related to subscription downloadable mobile applications are initially deferred and generally recognized either over the term of the subscription period, which is up to one year, for those applications that must be connected to our servers to function, or no market dataat the time of the sale when the software license is delivered. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed.
Roofing revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, primarily consisted of revenue from the roof replacement business offering by which the consumer purchased services directly from the Roofing business and requireRoofing then engaged a service professional to perform the Company to develop its own assumptions,service. Consumers typically paid when a job was completed and revenue was recognized based on the best information availableCompany's progress in satisfying the roofing service.
Vivian Health revenue consists of subscription and usage revenue, which is generated through recruiting agencies and other employers that seek access to qualified healthcare professionals. Subscription revenue is recognized at the earlier of the full delivery of the promised services or over the length of the subscription period. There is usage revenue when the usage is in excess of the allotted amount included in the circumstances, about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. See "Note 7—Financial Instrumentssubscription, and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of fair value measurements made using Level 3 inputs.
The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets and buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements and equipment, are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company's financial assets, comprising equity securities without readily determinable fair values, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or an impairment is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensedrecognized in the period incurred (when the advertisement first runs for production costs that are initially capitalized) and represent online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, social media sites and third parties that distribute our B2C downloadable applications, offline marketing,in which services were delivered.
The Daily Beast revenue consists of advertising revenue, which is generated primarily televisionthrough display advertisements (sold directly and through programmatic advertising partner-relatednetworks), and to a lesser extent, subscription revenue and affiliate commerce commission revenue. The performance obligations, timing of customer payments, to those who direct trafficand methods of revenue recognition are generally consistent with action-based advertising and time-based advertising revenue, as described above.
Revenue of IAC Films is generated primarily through media production and distribution. Production revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the brands within our Angi Inc. segment,customer to broadcast or exhibit.
Bluecrew revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022 consisted of service revenue, which was generated through staffing workers and direct-mail costs for magazine subscription acquisition efforts within our Dotdash Meredith segment. Advertising expense is $877.2 million, $796.7 million and $795.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company capitalizes and amortizes the costs associated with certain distribution arrangements that require us to pay a fee per access point delivered. These access points are generally in the form of downloadable applications associated with our direct-to consumer operations. These fees are amortized over the estimated useful livesrecognized as control of the access pointspromised services was transferred to the extent the Company can reasonably estimate a probable future economic benefit and the period over which such benefit will be realized (generally 18 months). Otherwise, the fees are charged to expense as incurred. Beginning in March 2021, the Company effectively eliminated all marketing of B2C products in connection with Google policy changes. Refer to "Certain Risks and Concentrations—Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement") above for additional information. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the unamortized capitalized downloadable search toolbar costs in our B2C business are $0.6 million and $13.2 million, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal costs are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company records interest, net of any applicable related income tax benefit, on potential income tax contingencies as a component of income tax expense.
The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained.customers.

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Accounts Receivable, Net of the Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The allowance for credit losses is based upon a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the specific customer’s ability to pay its obligation and any other forward-looking data regarding customers' ability to pay that is available. Customer payments that are not collected in advance of the transfer of promised services or goods are generally due no later than 30 days from invoice date, with the exception of invoices at Dotdash Meredith, which vary by revenue stream as described above.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of payments that are received or are contractually due in advance of the Company’s performance obligation. The Company’s deferred revenue is reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current when the remaining term or expected completion of its performance obligation is one year or less. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $143.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023, and $157.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $152.7 million of revenue that was included within Old IAC’s tax group for purposesin the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $152.0 million of federalrevenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2021. In addition to the revenue recognized, $7.3 million of the December 31, 2021 deferred revenue balance was reclassified to other balance sheet accounts and consolidated state income tax return filings through June 30, 2020,$1.1 million related to a business that was sold in 2022. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $165.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021. Non-current deferred revenue is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the balance sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments, with maturities of less than 91 days from the date of the MTCH Separation. For periods prior thereto, the income tax benefit and/or provision was computedpurchase. Domestically, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and treasury discount notes. Internationally, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and time deposits.
Accounting for Investments in Debt Securities
At times the Company on aninvests in marketable debt securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity to fund current operations or satisfy other cash requirements as if standalone, separate return basis and paymentsneeded. Marketable debt securities are adjusted to and refunds from Old IAC for the Company’s share of Old IAC’s consolidated federal and state tax return liabilities/receivables calculated on this basis have been reflected within cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
Pensions and Postretirement Benefits
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company has assumed the obligations under its pension plans. Pension benefits for the domestic plans are generally based on formulas that reflect interest credits allocated to participants’ accounts based on years of benefit service and annual pensionable earnings. The domestic plans are frozen with respect to new participants. There were no active participants in the international plans so there will be no future service cost for the international plans.
The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach to account for pension and postretirement benefits. Under this approach, the Company immediately recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assetseach quarter, and actuarial gains or losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever a plan is required to be remeasured. Events requiring a plan remeasurement are recognized in the quarter in which the remeasurement event occurs. The remaining components of pension and other postretirement plan net periodic benefit costs are recorded on a quarterly basis. The discount rates utilized are based on the investment yields of high quality corporate bonds available in the marketplace with maturities equal to projected cash flows of future benefit payments as of the measurement date.
It is the Company’s policy to fund the qualified pension plans to at least the extent required to maintain their fully funded status. In addition, the Company provides health care and life insurance benefits for certain retired employees, the expected costs of which are accrued over the years that the employees render services. It is Company’s policy to fund postretirement benefits as claims are paid. See "Note 17—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
Earnings Per Share
Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic net earnings (loss) per share ("EPS"). Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vested resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. For periods prior to the MTCH Separation, the Company calculated basic and diluted earnings per share using the shares issued on June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH Separation. See "Note 11—Earnings Per Share" for additional information on dilutive securities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses
The financial position and operating results of foreign entities whose primary economic environment is based on their local currency are consolidated using the local currency as the functional currency. These local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, and local currency revenue and expenses of these operations are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Translationunrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of shareholders'shareholders’ equity. The specific-identification method is used to determine the cost of debt securities sold and parent's equity. Transactionthe amount of unrealized gains and losses resulting from assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as a component of "Other income (expense), net". See "Note 18—Financial Statement Details" for additional information regarding foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
Translation gains and losses relating to foreign entities that are liquidated or substantially liquidated are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (loss) into earnings. DuringThe Company also invests in non-marketable debt securities as part of its investment strategy. We review our debt securities for impairment each reporting period. The Company recognizes an unrealized loss on debt securities in net earnings when the years ended December 31, 2021impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Factors we consider in making such determination include the duration, severity and 2020, lossesreason for the decline in value and gainsthe potential recovery and our intent to sell the debt security. We also consider whether we will be required to sell the security before recovery of $10.0 millionits amortized cost basis and $0.1 million, respectively, were reclassified into earningswhether the amortized cost basis cannot be recovered because of credit losses. If an impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the debt security will be written down to its fair value and included inthe loss will be recognized within "Other (expense) income, (expense), net" in the statement of operations. There were no such gains or losses for the year endedAt December 31, 2019.2023 and 2022 marketable debt securities consist of treasury discount notes of $149.0 million and $235.1 million, respectively.

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Certain Risks and Concentrations
Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")
The Company and Google are parties to an amended Services Agreement, which automatically renewed effective March 31, 2023 and now expires on March 31, 2025. The Company earns certain other advertising revenue from Google that is not attributable to the Services Agreement. A meaningful portion of the Company’s net cash from operating activities that it can freely access is attributable to revenue earned pursuant to the Services Agreement and other revenue earned from Google.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, total revenue earned from Google was $715.0 million, $701.5 million and $755.1 million, respectively, representing 16%, 13% and 20%, respectively, of the Company's revenue. The revenue earned from the Services Agreement for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $574.3 million, $514.8 million and $661.3 million, respectively, representing 13%, 10% and 18%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $52.2 million and $74.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The revenue attributable to the Services Agreement is earned by Ask Media Group and the Desktop business, which comprise the Search segment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, revenue earned from the Services Agreement was $501.5 million, $424.3 million and $542.1 million, respectively, within Ask Media Group, and $72.8 million, $90.5 million and $119.1 million, respectively, within the Desktop business.
The Services Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain guidelines promulgated by Google. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice. These updates may be specific to the Services Agreement or could be more general and thereby impact the Company as well as other companies. These policy and guideline updates have in the past and could in the future require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which have been and could be costly to address or negatively impact revenue and have had and in the future could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As described below, Google has made changes to the policies under the Services Agreement and has also made industry-wide changes that have negatively impacted the Desktop business-to-consumer (“B2C”) business. Google may make changes in the future that could impact the revenue earned from Google, including under the Services Agreement.
As a result of certain industry-wide policy changes combined with increased enforcement by Google of policies under the Services Agreement in prior periods, the Company discontinued the introduction of new products in 2021. Therefore, the current B2C revenue stream relates solely to the then existing installed base of products. As a result, the revenue and profits of the B2C business have declined significantly and the Company expects that trend to continue.
Credit Risk
The Company has counterparty credit risk exposure to the private limited life insurance company, which issued the annuity contracts held by the IPC Pension Scheme ("IPC Plan"), as well as certain financial institutions that are counterparties to the interest rate swaps. In addition, cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions and are in excess of any applicable third-party insurance limits, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.

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Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $1.5 billion, which bears interest at a variable rate. In March 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million. See “Interest Rate Swaps” above for additional information. During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in the Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.2 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.
Other Risks
The Company is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on third-party technology providers and exposure to risks associated with online commerce security.
Capitalized Software, Equipment, Buildings, Land and Leasehold Improvements
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost or at fair value to the extent acquired in a business combination. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Amortization of leasehold improvements, which is included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations, and depreciation are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term, if shorter.
Asset CategoryEstimated
Useful Lives
Capitalized software and computer equipment2 to 3 Years
Furniture and other equipment3 to 12 Years
Buildings and leasehold improvements3 to 39 Years
The Company capitalizes certain internal use software costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. The net book value of capitalized internal use software is $109.7 million and $155.7 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Business Combinations and Contingent Consideration Arrangements
The purchase price of each acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company usually obtains the assistance of outside valuation experts to assist in the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired. While outside valuation experts may be used, management has ultimate responsibility for the valuation methods, models and inputs used and the resulting purchase price allocation. The excess purchase price over the value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to the reporting unit(s) that is expected to benefit from the business combination as of the acquisition date. The acquisition of Meredith closed on December 1, 2021 and the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of the reporting units and the allocation of goodwill to the reporting units were finalized during the fourth quarter of 2022. See "Note 4—Business Combination" for additional information

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In connection with certain business combinations, the Company has entered into contingent consideration arrangements that are determined to be part of the purchase price. Each of these arrangements is initially recorded at its fair value at the time of the acquisition and reflected at current fair value for each subsequent reporting period thereafter until settled. Generally, our contingent consideration arrangements are based upon financial performance and/or operating metric targets. The Company generally determines the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements by using probability-weighted analyses to determine the amounts of the gross liability, and, if the arrangement is long-term in nature, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures the risk associated with the obligation to determine the net amount reflected in the financial statements. Significant changes in the specified forecasted financial or operating metrics can result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The changes in the remeasured fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements during each reporting period, including the accretion of the discount, if applicable, are recognized in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations. See "Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of contingent consideration arrangements.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Dotdash Meredith's operating segments and reporting units are Digital and Print. Angi Inc.'s Ads and Leads, Services and International are separate operating segments and reporting units. Search is an operating segment and a reporting unit. Within Emerging & Other, Mosaic Group, Care.com, Roofing, prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films, Newco (an IAC incubator) and Bluecrew, prior to its sale on November 9, 2022, are separate operating segments and reporting units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. See "Note 10—Segment Information" for additional information regarding the Company's method of determining operating and reportable segments.
The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are certain trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
When the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit's goodwill is necessary; otherwise, a quantitative assessment is performed and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment equal to the excess is recorded.
During the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded goodwill impairments of $9.0 million and $86.7 million, respectively, as a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies.
For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2023, a qualitative assessment of the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads, Services and International reporting units and the Vivian Health reporting unit goodwill was performed because the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these reporting units was in excess of their respective carrying values. The primary factors that the Company considered in its qualitative assessment for each of these reporting units are described below:
The Company considered the strong forecasted operating performance, in addition to actual operating results in the current year, of the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads and Services reporting units and, based on the Company's latest valuation prepared as of October 1, 2022, the excess of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit compared to their respective carrying values.
The Company prepared valuations of the Angi Inc. International and Vivian Health reporting units primarily in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in the equity of these businesses during the year ended December 31, 2023. The valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2023. The fair value of each of these businesses was in excess of its October 1, 2023 carrying value.

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For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2023, the Company quantitatively tested the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Mosaic Group and Care.com reporting units. The Company's quantitative tests resulted in no impairments. The Company's remaining reporting units, Dotdash Meredith Print, Search, Roofing, The Daily Beast, IAC Films and Newco, have no goodwill as of October 1, 2023.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, a quantitative assessment was performed on the Roofing reporting unit; this test resulted in an impairment of $26.0 million due to Roofing exiting certain markets and a projected reduction in future profits from the business, which reduced its fair value.
The aggregate carrying value of goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is $1.6 billion.
The fair value of the Company's reporting units is determined using both an income approach based on discounted cash flows ("DCF") and a market approach when it tests goodwill for impairment, either on an interim basis or annual basis as of October 1 each year. The Company uses the same approach in determining the fair value of its businesses in connection with its non-public subsidiary denominated stock-based compensation plans, which can be a significant factor in the decision to apply the qualitative assessment rather than a quantitative test. Determining fair value using a DCF analysis requires the exercise of significant judgment with respect to several items, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and appropriate discount rates. The expected cash flows used in the DCF analyses are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. Assumptions used in the DCF analyses, including the discount rate, are assessed based on each reporting unit's current results and forecasted future performance, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2023 for determining the fair values of the Company's Dotdash Meredith Digital, Care.com and Mosaic Group reporting units were 15.5%, 16% and 16%, respectively, and were intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2022 for determining the fair values of the Company's Mosaic Group and Roofing reporting units were both 16%. Determining fair value using a market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on both acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. From the comparable companies, a representative market multiple is determined, which is applied to financial metrics to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. To determine a peer group of companies for our respective reporting units, we considered companies relevant in terms of consumer use, monetization model, margin and growth characteristics, and brand strength operating in their respective sectors.

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While the Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values, the Company's policy is to determine the fair value of each of its indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of October 1, in part, because the level of effort required to perform the quantitative and qualitative assessments is essentially equivalent. The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using an avoided royalty DCF valuation analysis. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include the selection of appropriate royalty and discount rates and estimating the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. The royalty rates used in the DCF analyses are based upon an estimate of the royalty rates that a market participant would pay to license the Company's trade names and trademarks. The future cash flows are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. Assumptions used in the avoided royalty DCF analyses, including the discount rate and royalty rate, are assessed annually based on the actual and projected cash flows related to the asset, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment assessment ranged from 15% to 17% in 2023 and 12% to 18.5% in 2022, and the royalty rates used ranged from 2% to 8% in 2023 and 1% to 8% in 2022.
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment was an indicator of possible impairment. Following the identification of the indicator, the Company updated its calculation of the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded an impairment of $7.6 million. The discount rate used to value the trade name was 16% and the royalty rate was 8%. A quantitative assessment of this indefinite-lived trade name intangible was prepared as of October 1, 2023; this test resulted in no additional impairment as its carrying value approximates its fair value.
The October 1, 2023 annual quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets identified an impairment of $79.9 million related to certain other indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment. The discount rate used to value these trade names was 15.5% and the royalty rate was 6%.
If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment equal to the excess is recorded. The aggregate carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is $303.7 million.
Impairment charges recorded on indefinite-lived intangible assets are included in “Amortization of intangibles” in the statement of operations.
The October 1, 2023 and 2022 annual assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any further impairments.The October 1, 2021 annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any impairments.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.
During the first quarter of 2023, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market consisting of impairments of $44.7 million and $25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively.
During the third quarter of 2022, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $21.3 millionrelated tothe consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information.

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The impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in "General and administrative expense" and the impairment charges related to leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment are included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations. The impairment charges represent the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, calculated using a DCF approach using sublease market assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate. The impairment charges were allocated between the ROU assets and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment of the asset group based on their relative carrying values.
Accounting for Investments in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM Resorts International's ("MGM") ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation at the Company is inherently complex. Our desire is to attract, retain, inspire and reward our management team and employees at each of our subsidiaries, including those employed by recently acquired companies, by allowing them to benefit directly from the value they help to create. We accomplish these objectives, in part, by issuing equity awards denominated in the equity of our non-publicly traded subsidiaries as well as in IAC and Angi Inc. We further refine this approach by tailoring certain equity awards to the applicable circumstances. For example, we have in the past issued certain equity awards for which vesting is linked to the achievement of a performance target such as revenue or profits; these awards are referred to as performance-based awards. In other cases, we link the vesting of equity awards to the achievement of a value target for a subsidiary or IAC or Angi Inc.'s stock price, as applicable; these awards are referred to as market-based awards. The nature and variety of these types of equity-based awards creates complexity in our determination of stock-based compensation expense.
In addition, acquisitions are an important part of the Company's growth strategy. These transactions may result in the modification of equity awards, which may create additional complexity and additional stock-based compensation expense. In addition, our spin-offs and internal reorganizations can also lead to modifications of equity awards and may result in additional complexity and stock-based compensation expense.
Finally, the means by which we settle our equity-based awards also introduces complexity into our financial reporting. We provide a path to liquidity by settling the non-public subsidiary denominated awards in IAC or Angi Inc. shares, as applicable. In addition, certain former Angi Inc. subsidiary denominated awards and Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights can be settled in IAC or Angi Inc. awards at the Company’s election. These features increase the complexity of our earnings per share calculations.
Stock-based compensation expense reflected in our statement of operations includes expense related to equity awards issued by certain of our subsidiaries and awards granted to the Company's Corporate employees and the employees of Angi Inc. These awards have been in the form of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance-based RSUs, market-based RSUs and restricted stock. For RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term. For performance-based RSUs, the value of the instrument is measured at the grant date as the fair value of the underlying common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term when the performance targets are considered probable of being achieved. For market-based RSUs, a lattice model is used to estimate the value of the awards. For IAC restricted stock, a lattice model was used to estimate the fair value of the award which is based on the satisfaction of IAC's stock price targets.
The principal form of equity awards to the employees and management of its non-publicly traded subsidiaries is stock settled stock appreciation rights that are denominated in the equity of the relevant subsidiary of the Company or Angi Inc., in the case of its International business, which are settleable in shares of the Company or Angi Inc. as applicable. The value of the stock settled stock appreciation rights is tied to the value of the common stock of these subsidiaries. Accordingly, these interests only have value to the extent the relevant business appreciates in value above the initial value utilized to determine the exercise price and these interests can have substantial value in the event of significant appreciation. The grant date value of these stock settled stock appreciation rights is measured at grant date, using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model, at fair value and is expensed over the vesting term.

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The Company estimates the fair value of stock options upon issuance or modification using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and, for those with a market condition, a lattice model. No stock options were issued by the Company in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Investments in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
The carrying value of the Company’s equity securities without readily determinable fair values is $404.8 million and $323.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in "Long-term investments" in the balance sheet.
The Company has no investments in marketable equity securities, following the change in classification of its investment in MGM to an equity method investment in the fourth quarter of 2023, described below. At December 31, 2022, the Company had two investments in marketable equity securities, other than its investment in MGM, including one investment that was fully impaired in the first quarter of 2023 due to the investee declaring bankruptcy and another investment that was sold in the third quarter of 2023. The Company recorded net unrealized pre-tax losses of $0.3 million and $20.3 million for these investments during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unrealized pre-tax losses related to these investments are included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment.
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, including a total of 5.7 million common shares purchased in the first and third quarters of 2022 for $244.3 million. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, the Company owns 19.8% of MGM. The fair value of the investment in MGM is remeasured each reporting period based upon MGM's closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange on the last trading day in the reporting period and any unrealized pre-tax gains or losses are included in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, respectively on its investment in MGM. The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 9, 2024, the fair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $3.0 billion.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

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Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Equity Price Risk
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM. During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, respectively, on its investment in MGM.
The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investment in MGM, which includes the cumulative unrealized pre-tax gains, was $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion, or approximately 28% and 21% of the Company’s consolidated total assets, respectively. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 9, 2024, the fair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $3.0 billion. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition have in the past been and may in the future be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of MGM common shares, which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $2.0 billion, of which $1.5 billion is the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, which bear interest at a variable rate, and $500.0 million is the ANGI Group Senior Notes, which bear interest at a fixed rate.
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027. The interest rate swaps synthetically converted $350 million of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for the duration of the interest rate swaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023 and applies hedge accounting to these contracts. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" to the financial statements included in "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for more information. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is determined using discounted cash flows derived from observable market prices, including swap curves, and represents what Dotdash Meredith would pay or receive to terminate the swap agreements. Dotdash Meredith intends to continue to meet the conditions for hedge accounting, however, if these interest rate swaps were not highly effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps used as hedges could have a significant impact on future results of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") for the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.23 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.

If market rates decline relative to interest rates on the ANGI Group Senior Notes, the Company runs the risk that the related required interest payments will exceed those based on market rates. A 100-basis point increase or decrease in the level of interest rates would, respectively, decrease or increase the fair value of the fixed-rate debt by $20.0 million. Such potential increase or decrease in fair value is based on certain simplifying assumptions, including an immediate increase or decrease in the level of interest rates with no other subsequent changes for the remainder of the period, nor changes in the credit profile.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The Company has operations in certain foreign markets, primarily in various jurisdictions within the European Union and the United Kingdom. The Company has exposure to foreign currency exchange risk related to its foreign subsidiaries that transact business in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the translation of the statement of operations of the Company's international businesses into U.S. dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.
In addition, certain of the Company’s U.S. operations have customers in international markets. International revenue, including revenue of our operations located outside the U.S., which is measured based upon where the customer is located, accounted for 13%, 10% and 14% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The Company is also exposed to foreign currency transaction gains and losses to the extent it or its subsidiaries conduct transactions in and/or have assets and/or liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded foreign exchange gains (losses) of $1.5 million, $(8.5) million and $(13.6) million, respectively.
The Company's exposure to foreign currency exchange gains or losses have not been material to the Company; therefore, the Company has not hedged its foreign currency exposures. Any growth and expansion of our international operations increases our exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Significant foreign exchange rate fluctuations, in the case of one currency or collectively with other currencies, could have a significant impact on our future results of operations.

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of IAC Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of IAC Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.










77


Quantitative Impairment Assessment for Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
Description of the Matter
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset balances were $3.0 billion and$544.2 million, respectively. As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment using either a qualitative or quantitative approach as of October 1, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
Auditing management’s quantitative impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets was challenging given the inherent judgements and estimates involved. Management’s quantitative impairment tests were complex and judgmental due to the measurement uncertainty in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit for goodwill and the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets. Specifically, the fair value estimate of the Company’s Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units were sensitive to assumptions such as the discount rate, revenue growth rates and projected margin. The fair value estimates for Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets were sensitive to assumptions such as discount rates, revenue growth rates and royalty rates. These assumptions are affected by factors such as expected future industry or economic conditions.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls over its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment review process. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the reporting units for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible assets, including projected financial information.

To test the estimated fair values of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units and Meredith's indefinite-lived intangible assets, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the methodologies and testing the significant assumptions and underlying data used by the Company. We evaluated the Company’s underlying forecast and budget information by comparing the significant assumptions to historical results, forecasted information included in analyst reports and the Company's guideline companies in the same industry and current economic trends. For example, we evaluated management’s forecasted revenue to identify, understand and evaluate changes as compared to historical results. We performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the estimated fair value of the Mosaic, Dotdash Meredith Digital and Care.com reporting units for goodwill and Meredith’s indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from changes in the assumptions. In addition, we involved an internal valuation specialist to assist in evaluating the methodologies and significant assumptions applied in developing the fair value estimates.



78


Revenue Processed By Highly Automated Proprietary Systems - Leads and Services
Description of the Matter
As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, Angi Inc.’s revenue includes domestic Ads and Leads revenue as well as Services revenue. Ads revenue is primarily derived from service professionals under contract for advertising. Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue for consumer matches as well as membership subscription revenue from service professionals. Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through a Company platform and the Company connects them with a service professional to perform the service.

In aggregate, Leads and Services Revenue was approximately $1.0 billion, as disclosed in Note 10 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s Leads and Services Revenue is based on contractual terms with the Company’s customers and is comprised of a significant volume of low-dollar transactions. The processing and recording of Leads and Services revenue is highly automated within the Company’s information technology (“IT”) systems that are principally proprietary.

Given the complexity of the IT systems involved, auditing Leads and Services Revenue required a significant extent of effort and increased involvement of professionals with expertise in IT to identify, test, and evaluate the Company’s relevant systems and automated controls utilized to process and record these transactions.


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company’s controls related to the recording and accounting for Leads and Services Revenue. With the involvement of IT professionals, we identified the relevant systems used by the Company to process, calculate, and record revenue and the related deferred revenue. Where applicable, we tested the IT general controls over those systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls as well as certain automated application controls related to the recording of revenue and the related deferred revenue at period end. We also tested the Company’s controls to address the completeness and accuracy of transaction data.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s Leads and Services Revenue also included reconciling revenue recorded to cash received, testing the details for a sample of specific cash receipts to third-party banking information and evidence of the related customer arrangement, testing the calculations of revenue and the related deferred revenue performed within the Company’s systems to the amount recorded in the general ledger, and testing revenue transactions occurring near year-end.



/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
New York, New York
February 29, 2024


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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands, except par value amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$1,297,445 $1,417,390 
Marketable securities148,998 239,373 
Accounts receivable, net536,650 607,809 
Other current assets257,499 296,563 
Total current assets2,240,592 2,561,135 
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net455,281 510,614 
Goodwill3,024,266 3,030,168 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization874,705 1,170,041 
Investment in MGM Resorts International2,891,850 2,170,182 
Long-term investments411,216 325,721 
Other non-current assets473,267 625,774 
TOTAL ASSETS$10,371,177 $10,393,635 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY  
LIABILITIES:  
Current portion of long-term debt$30,000 $30,000 
Accounts payable, trade105,514 133,105 
Deferred revenue143,449 157,124 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities671,527 759,759 
Total current liabilities950,490 1,079,988 
Long-term debt, net1,993,154 2,019,759 
Deferred income taxes164,612 76,276 
Other long-term liabilities474,540 617,843 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests33,378 27,235 
Commitments and contingencies
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,600,000 shares; 84,465 and 84,184 shares issued and 80,115 and 83,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 400,000 shares; 5,789 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Additional paid-in capital6,340,312 6,295,080 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)923 (265,019)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(10,942)(13,133)
Treasury stock, 4,350 and 1,101 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively(252,441)(85,323)
Total IAC shareholders' equity6,077,861 5,931,614 
Noncontrolling interests677,142 640,920 
Total shareholders' equity6,755,003 6,572,534 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY$10,371,177 $10,393,635 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue$4,365,235 $5,235,280 $3,699,627 
Operating costs and expenses:   
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)1,343,254 1,933,705 1,296,282 
Selling and marketing expense1,576,229 1,914,878 1,362,300 
General and administrative expense891,958 991,983 797,448 
Product development expense334,491 318,028 230,810 
Depreciation175,096 130,986 75,015 
Amortization of intangibles295,970 307,718 74,839 
Goodwill impairment9,000 112,753 — 
Total operating costs and expenses4,625,998 5,710,051 3,836,694 
Operating loss(260,763)(474,771)(137,067)
Interest expense(157,632)(110,165)(34,264)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment in MGM Resorts International721,668 (723,515)789,283 
Other income (expense), net63,862 (217,785)111,854 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes367,135 (1,526,236)729,806 
Income tax (provision) benefit(108,818)331,087 (138,990)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations258,317 (1,195,149)590,816 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings (loss)258,317 (1,192,455)588,985 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 22,285 8,562 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$265,942 $(1,170,170)$597,547 
Per share information from continuing operations:   
Basic earnings (loss) per share$3.07 $(13.58)$6.72 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$2.97 $(13.58)$6.33 
Per share information attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders:
Basic earnings (loss) per share$3.07 $(13.55)$6.70 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$2.97 $(13.55)$6.31 
Stock-based compensation expense by function:
Cost of revenue$1,613 $47 $57 
Selling and marketing expense8,808 8,293 5,009 
General and administrative expense93,506 99,993 67,664 
Product development expense13,254 15,143 6,757 
Total stock-based compensation expense$117,181 $123,476 $79,487 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Net earnings (loss)$258,317 $(1,192,455)$588,985 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment3,428 (18,829)10,466 
Change in net unrealized losses on interest rate swaps(696)— — 
Change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable debt securities(33)53 (2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes2,699 (18,776)10,464 
Comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes261,016 (1,211,231)599,449 
Components of comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 22,285 8,562 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests(513)1,235 93 
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,112 23,520 8,655 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$268,128 $(1,187,711)$608,104 

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.


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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Year Ended December 31, 2023


Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
(Accumulated Deficit) Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Treasury StockTotal IAC
Shareholders'
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$Shares$Shares
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
Net (loss) earnings(1,175)— — — — — 265,942 — — 265,942 (6,450)259,492 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes— — — — — — — 2,186 — 2,186 513 2,699 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — 73,562 — — — 73,562 48,388 121,950 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 281 — — (9,814)— — — (9,814)— (9,814)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — (5,620)— — (5,615)(673)(6,288)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — — — — (167,118)(167,118)— (167,118)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock, net of excise tax on share issuances— — — — — (11,099)— — — (11,099)— (11,099)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount7,567 — — — — (7,567)— — — (7,567)— (7,567)
Adjustment to the liquidation value of Vivian Health preferred shares— — — — — 5,527 — — — 5,527 (5,527)— 
Other(249)— — — — 243 — — — 243 (29)214 
Balance at December 31, 2023$33,378 $84,465 $5,789 $6,340,312 $923 $(10,942)$(252,441)$6,077,861 $677,142 $6,755,003 




The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
 Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
Common Stock, $.0001 par valueClass B Common Stock, $.0001 par value
Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Class B Common Stock,
$0.001 par value
Additional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
Treasury StockTotal IAC Shareholders' EquityNoncontrolling
Interests
Total Shareholders' Equity
 $Shares$Shares$Shares$Shares
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$231,992 $— — $— — $83 82,976 $5,789 $5,909,614 $694,042 $(6,170)$— $6,597,575 $553,353 $7,150,928 
Net earnings (loss)1,732 — — — — — — — — — 597,547 — — 597,547 (10,294)587,253 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes515 — — — — — — — — — — 10,519 — 10,519 (608)9,911 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 59,283 — — — 59,283 33,057 92,340 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 564 — — — 382 — — (98,691)— — — (98,691)— (98,691)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (59,619)— 10 — (59,609)(1,614)(61,223)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (35,959)— — — (35,959)— (35,959)
Issuance of Vimeo common stock and creation of noncontrolling interest, net of fees40,785 — — — — — — — — 258,965 — — — 258,965 — 258,965 
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(29,769)— — — — — — — — — — — — — (570)(570)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount777,688 — — — — — — — — (777,688)— — — (777,688)— (777,688)
Recapitalization of IAC upon Vimeo spin-off— 83,358 5,789 (83)(83,358)(6)(5,789)80 — — — — — — 
Spin-off IAC's investment in Vimeo— — — — — — — — — (38)(386,438)38 — (386,438)— (386,438)
Elimination of Vimeo's noncontrolling interests(1,002,324)— — — — — — — — 1,002,324 — — — 1,002,324 — 1,002,324 
Change in the MTCH Separation tax account distribution— — — — — — — — — 7,640 — — — 7,640 — 7,640 
Other(1,878)— — — — — — — — (242)— — — (242)410 168 
Balance at December 31, 2021$18,741 $83,922 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,265,669 $905,151 $4,397 $— $7,175,226 $573,734 $7,748,960 
Net loss(2,130)— — — — — — — — — (1,170,170)— — (1,170,170)(20,155)(1,190,325)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — — — — — — (17,541)— (17,541)(1,235)(18,776)
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — — — — — — 70,808 — — — 70,808 55,891 126,699 
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — 262 — — — — — — (16,905)— — — (16,905)— (16,905)
Issuance of Angi Inc. common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes— — — — — — — — — (12,276)— 11 — (12,265)3,638 (8,627)
Purchase of IAC treasury stock— — — — — — — — — — — — (85,323)(85,323)— (85,323)
Purchase of Angi Inc. treasury stock— — — — — — — — — (8,144)— — — (8,144)— (8,144)
Distribution to and purchase of noncontrolling interests(1,179)— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests to redemption amount24,229 — — — — — — — — (24,229)— — — (24,229)— (24,229)
Issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees, and the reclassification and creation of noncontrolling interest and subsequent adjustment to liquidation value(11,782)— — — — — — — — 17,818 — — — 17,818 36,882 54,700 
Adjustment to noncontrolling interests resulting from the reorganization of a foreign subsidiary— — — — — — — — — 7,580 — — — 7,580 (7,835)(255)
Other(644)— — — — — — — — (5,241)— — — (5,241)— (5,241)
Balance at December 31, 2022$27,235 $84,184 $5,789 $— — $— — $6,295,080 $(265,019)$(13,133)$(85,323)$5,931,614 $640,920 $6,572,534 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities attributable to continuing operations:
Net earnings (loss)$258,317 $(1,192,455)$588,985 
Less: Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to continuing operations258,317 (1,195,149)590,816 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Amortization of intangibles295,970 307,718 74,839 
Depreciation175,096 130,986 75,015 
Stock-based compensation expense117,181 123,476 79,487 
Non-cash lease expense (including right-of-use asset impairments)101,695 70,922 35,737 
Deferred income taxes88,792 (337,758)133,377 
Provision for credit losses87,729 116,553 89,893 
Losses (gains) on investments in equity securities and sales of businesses, net19,346 (38,956)(44,835)
Goodwill impairment9,000 112,753 — 
Pension and postretirement benefit cost76 209,991 18,212 
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in MGM Resorts International(721,668)723,515 (789,283)
Unrealized (increase) decrease in the estimated fair value of a warrant(2,832)62,495 (104,018)
Other adjustments, net(12,315)17,963 45,302 
 Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:   
Accounts receivable(37,296)(66,706)(154,887)
Other assets11,281 8,920 4,185 
Operating lease liabilities(74,256)(63,843)(30,995)
Accounts payable and other liabilities(120,259)(247,912)90,265 
Income taxes payable and receivable2,884 (6,739)(2,506)
Deferred revenue(9,213)(11,020)8,296 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to continuing operations189,528 (82,791)118,900 
Cash flows from investing activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Capital expenditures(141,364)(139,753)(90,210)
Net proceeds from sales of assets29,805 9,780 1,221 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities550,000 — 225,000 
Purchases of marketable debt securities(455,413)(233,928)— 
Purchases of investments(103,555)(3,036)(24,290)
Net proceeds from the sales of businesses and investments11,861 90,767 16,451 
Purchases of investment in MGM Resorts International— (244,256)— 
Net collections of notes receivable11,297 19,497 — 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired— — (2,699,643)
Cash distribution related to the spin-off of IAC's investment in Vimeo— — (333,184)
Other, net9,902 6,121 (2,848)
Net cash used in investing activities attributable to continuing operations(87,467)(494,808)(2,907,503)
Cash flows from financing activities attributable to continuing operations:   
Principal payments on Dotdash Meredith Term Loans(30,000)(30,000)— 
Proceeds from the issuance of Dotdash Meredith Term Loans— — 1,600,000 
Principal payments on ANGI Group Term Loan— — (220,000)
Debt issuance costs— (785)(23,548)
Proceeds from the exercise of IAC stock options130 — 1,496 
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of IAC employees on net settled stock-based awards(10,587)(18,068)(95,983)
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of Angi Inc. employees on net settled stock-based awards(5,994)(8,827)(61,908)
Purchases of IAC treasury stock(165,622)(85,323)— 
Purchases of Angi Inc. treasury stock(10,932)(8,144)(35,403)
Proceeds from the issuance of Vivian Health preferred shares, net of fees— 34,700 — 
Purchase of noncontrolling interests— (1,179)(30,339)
Other, net(8)4,975 (18,578)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities attributable to continuing operations(223,013)(112,651)1,115,737 
Total cash used in continuing operations(120,952)(690,250)(1,672,866)
Net cash provided by operating activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 18,053 
Net cash provided by investing activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 7,602 
Net cash provided by financing activities attributable to discontinued operations— — 293,577 
Total cash provided by discontinued operations— — 319,232 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash1,124 (5,545)(1,612)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(119,828)(695,795)(1,355,246)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period1,426,069 2,121,864 3,477,110 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$1,306,241 $1,426,069 $2,121,864 
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION
Company overview
IAC today is comprised of category leading businesses, including Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. and Care.com, as well as others ranging from early stage to established businesses.
As used herein, “IAC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to IAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).
Dotdash Meredith
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Media Inc. (referred to herein as "Dotdash"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of IAC, completed the acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"), the former subsidiary of Meredith Corporation, comprising its digital and magazine businesses and its corporate operations. The parent of the combined entity is Dotdash Meredith, Inc. ("Dotdash Meredith"). See "Note 4—Business Combination" for a description of the acquisition of Meredith.
Dotdash Meredith is one of the largest digital and print publishers in America. Nearly 200 million people trust us to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include PEOPLE, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, allrecipes, Byrdie, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living.
Dotdash Meredith has two operating segments: (i) Digital, which includes its digital, mobile and licensing operations; and (ii) Print, which includes its magazine subscription and newsstand operations.
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc. is a publicly traded company that connects quality home service professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. Approximately 196,000 transacting service professionals actively sought consumer matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi Inc. platforms during the three months ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one Angi Inc. business to find a service professional for approximately 23 million projects during the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi Inc. were 84.2% and 98.1%, respectively.
On November 1, 2023, Angi Inc. completed the sale of 100% of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Home Roofing, LLC ("Roofing"), and has reflected it as a discontinued operation in its standalone financial statements. Roofing does not meet the threshold to be reflected as a discontinued operation at the IAC level. During the fourth quarter of 2023, IAC moved Roofing to Emerging & Other and prior period financial information has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. Following IAC's move of Roofing to Emerging & Other, Angi Inc. has three operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (includes Europe and Canada), and operates under multiple brands including Angi, HomeAdvisor and Handy. Ads and Leads provides service professionals the capability to engage with potential customers, including quoting and invoicing services, and provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance and improvement projects. Services consumers can request household services directly through the Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. fulfills the request through the use of independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services. The matching and pre-priced booking services and related tools and directories are provided to consumers free of charge.

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Search
The Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and the Desktop business. Ask Media Group is a collection of websites providing general search services and information. The Desktop business includes our direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications and our business-to-business partnership operations. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.
Emerging & Other
Emerging & Other primarily includes:
Care.com, a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises and HomePay;

Mosaic Group, a leading developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications. Mosaic Group has a portfolio of some of the largest and most popular applications in the following verticals: Communications (RoboKiller, TapeACall, Trapcall), Language (iTranslate, Speak & Translate), Weather (Clime: NOAA Weather Radar Live, Weather Live), Business (PDF Hero, Scan Hero) and Lifestyle(Blossom, Pixomatic);
Roofing (previously included within the Angi Inc. segment), a provider of roof replacement and repair services, which was sold on November 1, 2023;
Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities;
IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States ("U.S.") and internationally;
The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors; and
Bluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform exclusively for flexible W-2 work, for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022.
Vimeo Spin-off:
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the spin-off of its full stake in Vimeo, Inc. (formerly Vimeo Holdings, Inc. ("Vimeo")) to IAC shareholders (which we refer to as the “Spin-off”). Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021. See "Note 18—Discontinued Operations'" for additional details.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements (referred to herein as "financial statements") in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

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The financial statements include the accounts of the Company, all entities that are wholly-owned by the Company and all entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and balances between and among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.
COVID-19 Update
The COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Recently there has been a return to normal societal interactions, including the way the Company operates its businesses.
Angi Inc.
As previously disclosed, the impact of COVID-19 initially resulted in a decline in demand for service requests, driven primarily by decreases in demand in certain categories of jobs (particularly discretionary indoor projects). While Angi Inc. experienced a rebound in service requests in early 2021, service requests started to decline in May 2021 and continued to decline during 2022 due, in part, to COVID-19 measures that were more widely in place in prior periods. Angi Inc.'s ability to monetize service requests rebounded modestly in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022; however, that improved monetization plateaued in the third quarter of 2022 returning to monetization rates similar to those experienced pre-COVID-19.
Dotdash Meredith
Digital advertising and performance marketing revenue at Dotdash, excluding Meredith, declined in 2022, compared to 2021 due in part to lower traffic to its sites compared to prior year COVID-19 traffic highs. Post-acquisition, Meredith has experienced a similar impact to its digital advertising revenue primarily from lower programmatic revenue as a result of traffic declines in the first quarter of 2023 due to COVID-19 supported traffic levels in early 2022.
Outlook
The extent to which developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and measures designed to curb its spread continue to impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and many of which are beyond the Company’s control, including the severity of resurgences of COVID-19 caused by variant strains of the virus, the effectiveness of vaccines and attitudes toward receiving them, materials and supply chain constraints, labor shortages, the scope of governmental and other restrictions on travel, discretionary services and other activity, and public reactions to these developments.
Accounting Estimates
Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions during the preparation of its financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These estimates, judgments and assumptions impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosure of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and assumptions, including those related to: the fair values of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities; the carrying value of accounts receivable, including the determination of the allowance for credit losses; the determination of the customer relationship period for certain costs to obtain a contract with a customer; the recoverability of right-of-use assets ("ROU assets"); the useful lives and recoverability of capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and definite-lived intangible assets; the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets; the fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values; the fair value of interest rate swaps; contingencies; the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements; unrecognized tax benefits; the liability for potential refunds and customer credits; the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets; pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including actuarial assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, inflation and healthcare costs; and the fair value of and forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, among others. The Company bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience, its forecasts and budgets and other factors that the Company considers relevant.

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Interest Rate Swaps
In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million, which synthetically converted a portion of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure beginning on April 3, 2023. Dotdash Meredith designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and applies hedge accounting to these contracts in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As cash flow hedges, the interest rate swaps are recognized at fair value on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities, with the changes in fair value recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the balance sheet and reclassified into “Interest expense” in the statement of operations in the periods in which the interest rate swaps affect earnings. Dotdash Meredith assessed hedge effectiveness at the time of entering into these agreements and determined these interest rate swaps are expected to be highly effective. Dotdash Meredith evaluates the hedge effectiveness of the interest rate swaps quarterly, or more frequently, if necessary, by verifying (i) that the critical terms of the interest rate swaps continue to match the critical terms of the hedged interest payments and (ii) that it is probable the counterparties will not default. If the two requirements are met, the interest rate swaps are determined to be effective and all changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The cash flows related to interest settlements of the hedged monthly interest payments are classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows, consistent with the interest expense on the related Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B. See "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information.
General Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval and commitment from all authorized parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services or goods is transferred to the Company’s customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services or goods.
The Company's disaggregated revenue disclosures are presented in "Note 10—Segment Information."
Transaction Price
The objective of determining the transaction price is to estimate the amount of consideration the Company is due in exchange for its services or goods, including amounts that are variable. Contracts may include sales incentives, such as volume discounts or rebates, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price. The Company also maintains a liability for potential future refunds and customer credits, which is recorded as a reduction of revenue. All estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and customer trends. The Company determines the total transaction price, including an estimate of any variable consideration, at contract inception and reassesses this estimate each reporting period.
The Company excludes from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of revenue or cost of revenue.
Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable or an estimate if not directly observable.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
For contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient available under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money.

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In addition, as permitted under the practical expedient available under ASC 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts with variable consideration that is tied to sales-based or usage-based royalties, allocated entirely to unsatisfied performance obligations, or to a wholly unsatisfied promise accounted for under the series guidance, and (iii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount which it has the right to invoice for services performed.
The Company also applies the practical expedient for sales commissions where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less as noted below.

Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
The Company uses a portfolio approach to assess the accounting treatment of the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes an asset if we expect to recover those costs. To the extent that these costs are capitalized, the resultant asset is amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. The Company has determined that certain costs, primarily commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs and mobile app store fees, meet the requirements to be capitalized as a cost of obtaining a contract.
Commissions Paid to Employees Pursuant to Sales Incentive Programs
The Company has determined that commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. When customer renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission, the average customer life includes renewal periods. Capitalized commissions paid to employees pursuant to these sales incentive programs are amortized over the estimated customer relationship period and are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations. The Company calculates the anticipated customer relationship period as the average customer life, which is based on historical data.
For sales incentive programs where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense the commissions as incurred. Beginning October 1, 2022, commissions earned on certain transactions within the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads segment were expensed as incurred after determining the related customer relationship was less than one year.
App Store Fees
The Company pays fees to the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store for the distribution of our paid mobile apps. The Company capitalizes and amortizes mobile app store fees related to subscriptions over the term of the applicable subscription. The amortization of mobile app store fees is included in "Cost of revenue" in the statement of operations.
The following table presents the capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Years Ended December 31,
 20232022
Sales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotalSales CommissionsApp Store FeesTotal
(In thousands)
Current$36,589 $7,835 $44,424 $39,590 $8,266 $47,856 
Non-current6,058 — 6,058 5,667 — 5,667 
Total$42,647 $7,835 $50,482 $45,257 $8,266 $53,523 
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized expense of $97.4 million, $95.5 million and $125.9 million, respectively, related to the amortization of capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer.

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The current and non-current capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer are included in "Other current assets" and "Other non-current assets," respectively, in the balance sheet.
Commissions Paid to Third-Party Agent Sales of Magazine Subscriptions
Dotdash Meredith uses third-party agents to obtain certain subscribers. The agents are paid a commission, which can be as much as the subscription price charged to the subscriber. Dotdash Meredith subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Accordingly, these commissions do not qualify for capitalization because there is no contract with a customer until a copy is prepared for shipment, at which point these costs are expensed. Dotdash Meredith recognizes a liability to the extent the commission is refundable to the third-party agent. Dotdash Meredith expenses additional amounts paid to agents (such as per subscriber bounties) to acquire subscribers as incurred. Expenses related to third-party agent sales of magazine subscriptions are included in "Selling and marketing expense" in the statement of operations.
Dotdash Meredith
Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand and performance marketing revenue.
Digital
Advertising
Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital advertisements sold by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance obligations consist of delivering advertisements with a promised number of actions related to the advertisements, such as impressions or clicks, displaying advertisements for an agreed upon amount of time or providing available advertising space. The price is determined by an agreed-upon pricing model such as CPM (cost-per-1,000 impressions), CPC (cost-per-click) or flat fees.
The Company recognizes revenue over time as performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue is recognized using an output method based on actions delivered or time elapsed depending on the nature of the performance obligation. The Company considers the right to receive consideration from a customer to correspond directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. The customer is invoiced in the month following the month that the advertisements are delivered.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing and performance marketing channels. Affiliate commerce and performance marketing commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith brands refer consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Performance marketing and affiliate commerce partners are invoiced monthly.
Affinity marketing programs are arrangements where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publishers to market and place magazine subscriptions online. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher. Dotdash Meredith net settles with the third-party publishers monthly.
Licensing and Other Revenue
Licensing revenue includes symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of certain content licensing agreements. Revenues from symbolic licenses are in the form of a royalty based on the sale or usage of the branded product, which is recognized over time when the sale or use occurs. Generally, revenues are accrued based on estimated sales and adjusted as actual sales are reported by partners. These adjustments are typically recorded within three months of the initial estimates and have not been material. Minimum guarantees, if applicable, are generally recognized as revenue over the term of the applicable contract.

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Revenue from functional licenses is recognized as Dotdash Meredith's content is delivered or access to the content is granted. Revenue from functional licenses is recognized at a point-in-time when access to the completed content is granted to the partner.
Print
Subscription Revenue
Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith magazines. Subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Most of Dotdash Meredith’s subscription sales are prepaid at the time of order and may be canceled at any time for a refund of the pro rata portion of the initial subscription. Accordingly, amounts received from prepaid subscriptions are recorded as a customer deposit liability rather than as deferred revenue. The delivery of each issue is determined to be a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied; revenue is recognized when the publication is sent to the customer.
Advertising
Advertising revenue relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Revenue is recognized on the magazine issue’s on-sale date, which is the date the magazine is published. The customer is invoiced, net of agency commissions, once the advertisements are published under normal industry trade terms.
Project and Other Revenue
Project and other revenue relates to other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeted advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Depending on the contractual arrangement, revenue is recognized either as the purchased advertising is run on third-party platforms, or over the contractual period as the products do not have an alternate use to the Company or its other clients. Payment terms vary based on the nature of the contract.
Newsstand Revenue
Newsstand revenue is related to single copy magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from Dotdash Meredith for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Revenue is recognized on the issue's on-sale date as the date aligns most closely with the date that control is transferred to the customer. Wholesalers are invoiced a percentage of estimated final sales the month after the issue’s initial on-sale date. Generally, the previously estimated revenue is adjusted based upon the final sales, which occur when the final amounts are settled under normal industry terms.
Performance Marketing
Performance marketing revenue principally consists of affinity marketing revenue through which Dotdash Meredith places magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed. Dotdash Meredith net settles with these third parties monthly.
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads Revenue

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Ads and Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue which comprises fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the service professional ultimately provides the requested service), revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers and revenue from other services. Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered, and geographic location of service. Consumer connection revenue is generally billed one week following a consumer match, with payment due upon receipt of invoice. Angi Inc. maintains a liability for potential credits issued to services providers. Angi Inc. service professionals generally pay for advertisements in advance on a monthly or annual basis at the option of the service professional, with the average advertising contract term being approximately one year. Angi website, mobile and call center advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. Revenue from the sale of advertising in the Angie’s List Magazine is recognized in the period in which the publication is distributed. Service professional membership subscription revenue is initially deferred upon receipt of payment and is recognized using the straight-line method over the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year. Angi Inc. prepaid consumer membership subscription fees are recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typically one year.
Services Revenue
Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi Inc. platform and Angi Inc. engages a service professional to perform the service. Consumers are billed when a job is scheduled through the Services platform. Billing practices are governed by the contract terms of each project as negotiated with the consumer. Billings do not necessarily correlate with revenue recognized over time as this is based on the timing of when the consumer receives the promised services.
From January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, Services recorded revenue on a gross basis. Effective January 1, 2023, Angi Inc. modified the Services terms and conditions so that the service professional, rather than Angi Inc., has the contractual relationship with the consumer to deliver the service and Angi Inc.'s performance obligation to the consumer is to connect them with the service professional. This change in contractual terms requires revenue to be reported as the net amount of what is received from the consumer after deducting the amounts owed to the service professional providing the service effective for all arrangements entered into after December 31, 2022. There is no impact to operating loss or Adjusted EBITDA from this change in revenue recognition. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, if Services revenue were recorded on a net basis, revenue would have been reduced by $242.6 million and $180.7 million, respectively.
International Revenue
International revenue primarily comprises consumer connection revenue for consumer matches and membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
Search
Ask Media Group revenue consists primarily of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to advertiser websites. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google. Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Google paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a Google paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. The Company recognizes paid listing revenue from Google when it delivers the user’s click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a revenue share or other payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs.

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Revenue from display advertising is generated through advertisements sold through programmatic advertising networks. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when an Ask Media Group property refers users to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction.

Desktop revenue largely consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed. To a lesser extent, Desktop revenue also includes fees paid by subscribers for downloadable desktop applications as well as display advertisements. Fees for subscription downloadable desktop applications are generally recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is primarily monthly.
Emerging & Other
Care.com generates revenue primarily through subscription fees from families and caregivers for its suite of products and services, as well as through annual contracts with employers who provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit and through contracts with businesses that recruit employees through its platform. Subscription fees from families and caregivers are deferred and recognized over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typically up to one year. Fees from annual contracts with employers and businesses include subscription revenue, which is deferred and recognized over the applicable subscription period, and backup care services for employees, which is recognized upon delivery of the service.

Mosaic Group revenue consists primarily of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and fees received directly from consumers, as well as display advertisements. Fees related to subscription downloadable mobile applications are initially deferred and generally recognized either over the term of the subscription period, which is up to one year, for those applications that must be connected to our servers to function, or at the time of the sale when the software license is delivered. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed.
Roofing revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, primarily consisted of revenue from the roof replacement business offering by which the consumer purchased services directly from the Roofing business and Roofing then engaged a service professional to perform the service. Consumers typically paid when a job was completed and revenue was recognized based on the Company's progress in satisfying the roofing service.
Vivian Health revenue consists of subscription and usage revenue, which is generated through recruiting agencies and other employers that seek access to qualified healthcare professionals. Subscription revenue is recognized at the earlier of the full delivery of the promised services or over the length of the subscription period. There is usage revenue when the usage is in excess of the allotted amount included in the subscription, and is recognized in the period in which services were delivered.
The Daily Beast revenue consists of advertising revenue, which is generated primarily through display advertisements (sold directly and through programmatic advertising networks), and to a lesser extent, subscription revenue and affiliate commerce commission revenue. The performance obligations, timing of customer payments, and methods of revenue recognition are generally consistent with action-based advertising and time-based advertising revenue, as described above.
Revenue of IAC Films is generated primarily through media production and distribution. Production revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer to broadcast or exhibit.
Bluecrew revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022 consisted of service revenue, which was generated through staffing workers and recognized as control of the promised services was transferred to our customers.

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Accounts Receivable, Net of the Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The allowance for credit losses is based upon a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the specific customer’s ability to pay its obligation and any other forward-looking data regarding customers' ability to pay that is available. Customer payments that are not collected in advance of the transfer of promised services or goods are generally due no later than 30 days from invoice date, with the exception of invoices at Dotdash Meredith, which vary by revenue stream as described above.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of payments that are received or are contractually due in advance of the Company’s performance obligation. The Company’s deferred revenue is reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current when the remaining term or expected completion of its performance obligation is one year or less. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $143.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023, and $157.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $152.7 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $152.0 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2021. In addition to the revenue recognized, $7.3 million of the December 31, 2021 deferred revenue balance was reclassified to other balance sheet accounts and $1.1 million related to a business that was sold in 2022. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $165.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021. Non-current deferred revenue is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the balance sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments, with maturities of less than 91 days from the date of purchase. Domestically, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and treasury discount notes. Internationally, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and time deposits.
Accounting for Investments in Debt Securities
At times the Company invests in marketable debt securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity to fund current operations or satisfy other cash requirements as needed. Marketable debt securities are adjusted to fair value each quarter, and the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. The specific-identification method is used to determine the cost of debt securities sold and the amount of unrealized gains and losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. The Company also invests in non-marketable debt securities as part of its investment strategy. We review our debt securities for impairment each reporting period. The Company recognizes an unrealized loss on debt securities in net earnings when the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Factors we consider in making such determination include the duration, severity and reason for the decline in value and the potential recovery and our intent to sell the debt security. We also consider whether we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and whether the amortized cost basis cannot be recovered because of credit losses. If an impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the debt security will be written down to its fair value and the loss will be recognized within "Other (expense) income, net" in the statement of operations. At December 31, 2023 and 2022 marketable debt securities consist of treasury discount notes of $149.0 million and $235.1 million, respectively.

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Certain Risks and Concentrations
Services Agreement with Google (the "Services Agreement")
The Company and Google are parties to an amended Services Agreement, which automatically renewed effective March 31, 2023 and now expires on March 31, 2025. The Company earns certain other advertising revenue from Google that is not attributable to the Services Agreement. A meaningful portion of the Company’s net cash from operating activities that it can freely access is attributable to revenue earned pursuant to the Services Agreement and other revenue earned from Google.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, total revenue earned from Google was $715.0 million, $701.5 million and $755.1 million, respectively, representing 16%, 13% and 20%, respectively, of the Company's revenue. The revenue earned from the Services Agreement for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $574.3 million, $514.8 million and $661.3 million, respectively, representing 13%, 10% and 18%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $52.2 million and $74.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The revenue attributable to the Services Agreement is earned by Ask Media Group and the Desktop business, which comprise the Search segment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, revenue earned from the Services Agreement was $501.5 million, $424.3 million and $542.1 million, respectively, within Ask Media Group, and $72.8 million, $90.5 million and $119.1 million, respectively, within the Desktop business.
The Services Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain guidelines promulgated by Google. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice. These updates may be specific to the Services Agreement or could be more general and thereby impact the Company as well as other companies. These policy and guideline updates have in the past and could in the future require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which have been and could be costly to address or negatively impact revenue and have had and in the future could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As described below, Google has made changes to the policies under the Services Agreement and has also made industry-wide changes that have negatively impacted the Desktop business-to-consumer (“B2C”) business. Google may make changes in the future that could impact the revenue earned from Google, including under the Services Agreement.
As a result of certain industry-wide policy changes combined with increased enforcement by Google of policies under the Services Agreement in prior periods, the Company discontinued the introduction of new products in 2021. Therefore, the current B2C revenue stream relates solely to the then existing installed base of products. As a result, the revenue and profits of the B2C business have declined significantly and the Company expects that trend to continue.
Credit Risk
The Company has counterparty credit risk exposure to the private limited life insurance company, which issued the annuity contracts held by the IPC Pension Scheme ("IPC Plan"), as well as certain financial institutions that are counterparties to the interest rate swaps. In addition, cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions and are in excess of any applicable third-party insurance limits, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.

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Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $1.5 billion, which bears interest at a variable rate. In March 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million. See “Interest Rate Swaps” above for additional information. During the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") increased an average of approximately 133 basis points relative to December 31, 2022. As a result of the increase in the Adjusted Term SOFR during the year ended December 31, 2023, the interest expense, net of $3.7 million realized gains related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, was $13.1 million higher as compared to what interest expense would have been if the Adjusted Term SOFR had been unchanged during 2023. At December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of $1.2 billion related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%, and the outstanding balance of $315.0 million related to the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 7.69%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.9 million.
Other Risks
The Company is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on third-party technology providers and exposure to risks associated with online commerce security.
Capitalized Software, Equipment, Buildings, Land and Leasehold Improvements
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost or at fair value to the extent acquired in a business combination. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Amortization of leasehold improvements, which is included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations, and depreciation are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term, if shorter.
Asset CategoryEstimated
Useful Lives
Capitalized software and computer equipment2 to 3 Years
Furniture and other equipment3 to 12 Years
Buildings and leasehold improvements3 to 39 Years
The Company capitalizes certain internal use software costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. The net book value of capitalized internal use software is $109.7 million and $155.7 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Business Combinations and Contingent Consideration Arrangements
The purchase price of each acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company usually obtains the assistance of outside valuation experts to assist in the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired. While outside valuation experts may be used, management has ultimate responsibility for the valuation methods, models and inputs used and the resulting purchase price allocation. The excess purchase price over the value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to the reporting unit(s) that is expected to benefit from the business combination as of the acquisition date. The acquisition of Meredith closed on December 1, 2021 and the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of the reporting units and the allocation of goodwill to the reporting units were finalized during the fourth quarter of 2022. See "Note 4—Business Combination" for additional information

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In connection with certain business combinations, the Company has entered into contingent consideration arrangements that are determined to be part of the purchase price. Each of these arrangements is initially recorded at its fair value at the time of the acquisition and reflected at current fair value for each subsequent reporting period thereafter until settled. Generally, our contingent consideration arrangements are based upon financial performance and/or operating metric targets. The Company generally determines the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements by using probability-weighted analyses to determine the amounts of the gross liability, and, if the arrangement is long-term in nature, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures the risk associated with the obligation to determine the net amount reflected in the financial statements. Significant changes in the specified forecasted financial or operating metrics can result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The changes in the remeasured fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements during each reporting period, including the accretion of the discount, if applicable, are recognized in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations. See "Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of contingent consideration arrangements.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Dotdash Meredith's operating segments and reporting units are Digital and Print. Angi Inc.'s Ads and Leads, Services and International are separate operating segments and reporting units. Search is an operating segment and a reporting unit. Within Emerging & Other, Mosaic Group, Care.com, Roofing, prior to its sale on November 1, 2023, Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films, Newco (an IAC incubator) and Bluecrew, prior to its sale on November 9, 2022, are separate operating segments and reporting units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. See "Note 10—Segment Information" for additional information regarding the Company's method of determining operating and reportable segments.
The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are certain trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
When the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit's goodwill is necessary; otherwise, a quantitative assessment is performed and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment equal to the excess is recorded.
During the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded goodwill impairments of $9.0 million and $86.7 million, respectively, as a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies.
For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2023, a qualitative assessment of the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads, Services and International reporting units and the Vivian Health reporting unit goodwill was performed because the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these reporting units was in excess of their respective carrying values. The primary factors that the Company considered in its qualitative assessment for each of these reporting units are described below:
The Company considered the strong forecasted operating performance, in addition to actual operating results in the current year, of the Angi Inc. Ads and Leads and Services reporting units and, based on the Company's latest valuation prepared as of October 1, 2022, the excess of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit compared to their respective carrying values.
The Company prepared valuations of the Angi Inc. International and Vivian Health reporting units primarily in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in the equity of these businesses during the year ended December 31, 2023. The valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2023. The fair value of each of these businesses was in excess of its October 1, 2023 carrying value.

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For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2023, the Company quantitatively tested the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Mosaic Group and Care.com reporting units. The Company's quantitative tests resulted in no impairments. The Company's remaining reporting units, Dotdash Meredith Print, Search, Roofing, The Daily Beast, IAC Films and Newco, have no goodwill as of October 1, 2023.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, a quantitative assessment was performed on the Roofing reporting unit; this test resulted in an impairment of $26.0 million due to Roofing exiting certain markets and a projected reduction in future profits from the business, which reduced its fair value.
The aggregate carrying value of goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is $1.6 billion.
The fair value of the Company's reporting units is determined using both an income approach based on discounted cash flows ("DCF") and a market approach when it tests goodwill for impairment, either on an interim basis or annual basis as of October 1 each year. The Company uses the same approach in determining the fair value of its businesses in connection with its non-public subsidiary denominated stock-based compensation plans, which can be a significant factor in the decision to apply the qualitative assessment rather than a quantitative test. Determining fair value using a DCF analysis requires the exercise of significant judgment with respect to several items, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and appropriate discount rates. The expected cash flows used in the DCF analyses are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. Assumptions used in the DCF analyses, including the discount rate, are assessed based on each reporting unit's current results and forecasted future performance, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2023 for determining the fair values of the Company's Dotdash Meredith Digital, Care.com and Mosaic Group reporting units were 15.5%, 16% and 16%, respectively, and were intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests for 2022 for determining the fair values of the Company's Mosaic Group and Roofing reporting units were both 16%. Determining fair value using a market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on both acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. From the comparable companies, a representative market multiple is determined, which is applied to financial metrics to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. To determine a peer group of companies for our respective reporting units, we considered companies relevant in terms of consumer use, monetization model, margin and growth characteristics, and brand strength operating in their respective sectors.

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While the Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values, the Company's policy is to determine the fair value of each of its indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of October 1, in part, because the level of effort required to perform the quantitative and qualitative assessments is essentially equivalent. The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using an avoided royalty DCF valuation analysis. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include the selection of appropriate royalty and discount rates and estimating the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. The royalty rates used in the DCF analyses are based upon an estimate of the royalty rates that a market participant would pay to license the Company's trade names and trademarks. The future cash flows are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. Assumptions used in the avoided royalty DCF analyses, including the discount rate and royalty rate, are assessed annually based on the actual and projected cash flows related to the asset, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment assessment ranged from 15% to 17% in 2023 and 12% to 18.5% in 2022, and the royalty rates used ranged from 2% to 8% in 2023 and 1% to 8% in 2022.
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment was an indicator of possible impairment. Following the identification of the indicator, the Company updated its calculation of the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded an impairment of $7.6 million. The discount rate used to value the trade name was 16% and the royalty rate was 8%. A quantitative assessment of this indefinite-lived trade name intangible was prepared as of October 1, 2023; this test resulted in no additional impairment as its carrying value approximates its fair value.
The October 1, 2023 annual quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets identified an impairment of $79.9 million related to certain other indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment. The discount rate used to value these trade names was 15.5% and the royalty rate was 6%.
If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment equal to the excess is recorded. The aggregate carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets for which the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20% is $303.7 million.
Impairment charges recorded on indefinite-lived intangible assets are included in “Amortization of intangibles” in the statement of operations.
The October 1, 2023 and 2022 annual assessments of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any further impairments.The October 1, 2021 annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets did not identify any impairments.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.
During the first quarter of 2023, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market consisting of impairments of $44.7 million and $25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively.
During the third quarter of 2022, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $21.3 millionrelated tothe consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information.

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The impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in "General and administrative expense" and the impairment charges related to leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment are included in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations. The impairment charges represent the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, calculated using a DCF approach using sublease market assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate. The impairment charges were allocated between the ROU assets and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment of the asset group based on their relative carrying values.
Accounting for Investments in Equity Securities
The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM Resorts International's ("MGM") ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company categorizes its financial instruments measured at fair value into a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1: Observable inputs obtained from independent sources, such as quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Other inputs, which are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 financial assets are primarily obtained from observable market prices for identical underlying securities that may not be actively traded. Certain of these securities may have different market prices from multiple market data sources, in which case an average market price is used.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and require the Company to develop its own assumptions, based on the best information available in the circumstances, about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. See "Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of fair value measurements made using Level 3 inputs.

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Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets, capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company's financial assets, comprising equity securities without readily determinable fair values, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or an impairment is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs. Refer to "Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets" and "Long-Lived Assets" above for a description of impairment charges.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred (when the advertisement first runs for production costs that are initially capitalized) and represent online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, social media sites and third parties that distribute our B2C downloadable applications, which ceased beginning in March 2021, offline marketing, which is primarily television advertising, partner-related payments to those who direct traffic to the brands within our Angi Inc. segment, and direct-mail costs for magazine subscription acquisition efforts within our Dotdash Meredith segment. Advertising expense is $858.1 million, $1.0 billion and $877.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal costs, other than certain costs incurred to obtain financing, are expensed as incurred.
Original Issue Discount, Debt Issuance Costs and Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred to obtain financing are deferred and amortized to "Interest expense" in the statement of operations over the related financing period using the effective interest method. The Company records debt issuance costs as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the related debt. Financing costs related to the undrawn revolving credit facility are included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company records interest, net of any applicable related income tax benefit, for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company elects to recognize the tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred.
The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained.
Pensions and Postretirement Benefits
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the obligations under its pension plans. Pension benefits for the domestic plans are generally based on formulas that reflect pay credits allocated to participants’ accounts based on years of benefit service and annual pensionable earnings. The domestic plans are frozen with respect to new participants and the qualified plan was terminated effective December 31, 2022, and therefore, has no service costs. There are no active participants in the international plans so there are no service costs.

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The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach to account for pension and postretirement benefits. Under this approach, the Company recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains or losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever a plan is required to be remeasured. Events requiring a plan remeasurement are recognized in the quarter in which the remeasurement event occurs. The remaining components of pension and other postretirement plan net periodic benefit cost (credit) are recorded on a quarterly basis.
The discount rates utilized for the domestic plans and unqualified (unfunded) United Kingdom ("U.K.") plan were based on the investment yields of high-quality corporate bonds available in the marketplace with maturities equal to projected cash flows of future benefit payments as of the measurement date. The discount rate for the IPC Plan is an effective insurance settlement rate, using the estimated discount rates inherent in the annuity contracts at each measurement date. The annuity contracts are further described in "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans."
The Company does not expect future contributions to be made into these plans as a result of the annuity contract entered into with a private limited life insurance company related to the IPC Plan and the determination to freeze and terminate the qualified domestic pension plan. The Company's non-qualified plans are funded as payments, which can include the purchase of annuity contracts, are made. In addition, the Company provides health care and life insurance benefits for certain employees upon their retirement, the expected costs of which are accrued over the periods that the employees render services and are funded as claims are paid. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vested resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for EPS. See "Note 15—Earnings (Loss) Per Share" for additional information on dilutive securities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses
The financial position and operating results of foreign entities whose primary economic environment is based on their local currency are consolidated using the local currency as the functional currency. These local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, and local currency revenue and expenses of these operations are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in "Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income" as a component of shareholders' equity. Transaction gains and losses resulting from assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as a component of "Other income (expense), net." See "Note 16—Financial Statement Details" for additional information regarding foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
Translation gains and losses relating to foreign entities that are liquidated or substantially liquidated are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, losses of less than $0.1 million and $10.0 million, respectively, were reclassified into earnings and included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no gains or losses were reclassified into earnings.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period. See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for a discussion of the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests in the subsidiaries of the Company are ordinarily reported on the balance sheet within shareholders' equity, separately from the Company's equity. However, securities that are redeemable at the option of the holder and not solely within the control of the issuer must be classified outside of shareholders' equity. Accordingly, all noncontrolling interests that are redeemable at the option of the holder are presented outside of shareholders' and parents' equity in the balance sheet.
In connection with the acquisition of certain subsidiaries, management of these businesses has retained an ownership interest. The Company is party to fair value put and call arrangements with respect to these interests. These put and call arrangements allow management of these businesses to require the Company to purchase their interests or allow the Company to acquire such interests at fair value, respectively. The put arrangements do not meet the definition of a derivative instrument as the put agreements do not provide for net settlement. These put and call arrangements become exercisable by the Company and the counter-partycounterparty at various dates in the future. NaNThere were no arrangements exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Two of these arrangements were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 1 of these arrangements was exercised during each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.2021. These put arrangements are exercisable by the counter-partycounterparty outside the control of the Company. Accordingly, to the extent that the fair valueredemption amount of these interests exceeds the value determined by normal noncontrolling interest accounting, the value of such interests is adjusted to fair valuethe redemption amount with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital or invested capital. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, the Company recorded adjustments of $777.7$7.6 million, $183.3$24.2 million and $11.6$777.7 million, respectively (of which $777.3 million $171.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, werewas related to Vimeo)Vimeo during 2021), to increase these interests to fair value. Fair value determinationstheir redemption amounts. Adjustments to these interests require high levels of judgment and are based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections.
Redeemable noncontrolling interests attributable to discontinued operations at December 31, 2020 was $188.0 million.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted by the Company
ASU 2021-08 – Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

In October 2021,There were no recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted by the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, which changes how entities recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers. The provisions of ASU No. 2021-08 require acquiring entities to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities, including deferred revenue, acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASU No. 2014-09 (Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if it had originatedCompany during the contracts. The provisions of ASU No. 2021-08 are effective for fiscal years beginning afteryear ended December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company early adopted ASU 2021-08 effective in the fourth quarter of 2021. An entity that early adopts in an interim period is required to apply the amendments (i) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period of early adoption and (ii) prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. Early adoption has no retrospective impact on the Company. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 may have a material impact on the purchase accounting for prospective business combinations.31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted by the Company
There are no recentlyASU 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adoptedAccounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, which is intended to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information about reportable segments of a public business entity, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. This ASU requires annual and interim disclosures of significant expenses that are expectedregularly provided to havethe chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss and an amount and description of its composition of other segment items. The provisions of this ASU also require entities to include all annual disclosures required by Topic 280 in the interim periods and permits entities to include multiple measures of a material effectsegment's profit or loss if such measures are used by the CODM to assess segment performance and determine allocation of resources, provided that at least one of those measures is determined in a way that is consistent with the measurement principles under GAAP. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 apply retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt and is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated guidance on the financial statements.
ASU 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, which establishes required categories and a quantitative threshold to the annual tabular rate reconciliation disclosure and disaggregated jurisdictional disclosures of income taxes paid. The guidance's annual requirements are effective for the Company beginning with the December 31, 2025 reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and prospective disclosure should be applied, however, retrospective disclosure is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the pronouncement and its impact on its income tax disclosures, but it does not impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of the Company.

flows.
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Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
NOTE 3—INCOME TAXES
U.S. and foreign earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
U.S. $758,538 $234,345 $(11,249)
Foreign(28,732)9,815 45,566 
     Total$729,806 $244,160 $34,317 
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Current income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal$(5,818)$(29,181)$(1,117)
State4,750 2,326 157 
Foreign6,681 (496)2,985 
     Current income tax provision (benefit)5,613 (27,351)2,025 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal111,755 (8,097)(39,454)
State18,063 (6,126)(9,746)
Foreign3,559 (4,133)(174)
     Deferred income tax provision (benefit)133,377 (18,356)(49,374)
     Income tax provision (benefit)$138,990 $(45,707)$(47,349)
The tax effects of cumulative temporary differences that give rise to significant deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below. The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating loss carryforwards$557,329 $392,871 
Long-term lease liabilities157,504 58,457 
Customer deposit liability56,194 — 
Tax credit carryforwards48,081 41,970 
Accrued expenses47,754 17,247 
Stock-based compensation25,477 41,850 
Other53,263 32,043 
Total deferred tax assets945,602 584,438 
Less: valuation allowance(112,640)(111,691)
Net deferred tax assets832,962 472,747 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Investment in MGM Resorts International(389,837)(197,998)
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization(271,629)(34,170)
Investment in subsidiaries(227,632)(242,537)
Right-of-use assets(122,095)(43,074)
Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements, equipment and land, net(70,959)(16,645)
Other(134,010)(14,926)
Total deferred tax liabilities(1,216,162)(549,350)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(383,200)$(76,603)
At December 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state net operating losses ("NOLs") of $1.8 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, available to offset future income. Of these federal NOLs, $1.3 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $0.5 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2036. The state NOLs, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2022 and 2041. Federal and state NOLs of $1.4 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, can be used against future taxable income without restriction and the remaining NOLs will be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, separate return limitations, and applicable law. At December 31, 2021, the Company had foreign NOLs of $496.7 million available to offset future income. Of these foreign NOLs, $446.8 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $49.9 million, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2022 and 2041. During 2021, the Company recognized tax benefits related to NOLs of $166.4 million. Included in this amount is $49.0 million of tax benefits of acquired attributes, which was recorded as a reduction to goodwill.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $65.0 million. Of this amount, $50.8 million relates to credits for research activities, $12.2 million relates to credits for foreign taxes, and $2.0 million relates to various other credits. Of these credit carryforwards, $12.9 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $52.1 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2022 and 2041.
During 2021, the Company's valuation allowance increased by $0.9 million primarily due to the valuation allowance on beginning-of-the-year deferred tax assets related to the Spin-off and acquired foreign net operating losses partially offset by a decrease in other tax loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2021, the Company had a valuation allowance of $112.6 million related to the portion of tax loss carryforwards, foreign tax credits and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes is shown as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Income tax provision at the federal statutory rate of 21%$153,259 $51,274 $7,207 
State income taxes, net of effect of federal tax benefit24,289 16,995 468 
Stock-based compensation(83,396)(163,633)(56,708)
Change in judgement on beginning of the year valuation allowance20,248 (3,544)— 
Non-deductible executive compensation14,025 14,219 7,409 
Research credit(5,094)(6,078)(4,449)
Non-deductible expenses4,328 5,947 5,353 
Deferred tax adjustment for enacted changes in tax laws and rates4,049 (14,508)(688)
Change in valuation allowance on capital losses754 11,385 (7,365)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment— 53,012 — 
Amortizable tax basis related to intercompany transaction— (7,044)— 
Other, net6,528 (3,732)1,424 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$138,990 $(45,707)$(47,349)
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including penalties but excluding interest, is as follows:
 December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$18,233 $16,585 $14,425 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year2,855 3,419 2,332 
Settlements(1,427)(3,733)— 
Additions for tax positions of prior years3,420 2,313 238 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(1,116)— — 
Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations(4,516)(351)(410)
Balance at December 31$17,449 $18,233 $16,585 
The Company is routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities in the area of income tax as a result of previously filed separate company and consolidated tax returns with Old IAC and for its tax returns filed on a standalone basis following the MTCH Separation. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has substantially completed its audit of Old IAC’s federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2013 through 2017, and has begun its audit of the years ended December 31, 2018 through 2019, which include the operations of the Company. The statute of limitations for the years 2013 through 2019 has been extended to December 31, 2023. Returns filed in various other jurisdictions are open to examination for tax years beginning with 2009. Income taxes payable include unrecognized tax benefits considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year tax returns. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes and, therefore, may require periodic adjustment. Although management currently believes changes in unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.

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The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, accruals for interest and penalties are not material.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were $18.0 million and $20.1 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, at December 31, 2021 decreased by $2.1 million due primarily to statute expirations. If unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2021 are subsequently recognized, $16.7 million, net of related deferred tax assets and interest, would reduce income tax expense. The comparable amount at December 31, 2020 was $18.5 million. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $2.8 million by December 31, 2022 due to expected settlements of which $2.5 million would reduce the income tax provision.
At December 31, 2021, all of the Company's international cash can be repatriated without any significant tax consequences.
As a result of the Vimeo Spin-Off, the Company’s net deferred tax liability was adjusted for tax attributes from our federal and consolidated state income tax filings that were allocated between the Company and Vimeo. The allocation attributable to Vimeo was recorded in 2021 and is preliminary and subject to adjustment. Any subsequent adjustment to allocated tax attributes will be recognized as an adjustment to deferred taxes and net earnings from discontinued operations. This adjustment is expected to be made in the fourth quarter of 2022 following the filing of the income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company was included within Old IAC’s tax group for purposes of federal and consolidated state income tax return filings through June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH Separation. For periods prior thereto, the income tax benefit and/or provision were computed for the Company on an as if standalone, separate return basis and payments to and refunds from Old IAC for the Company’s share of Old IAC’s consolidated federal and state tax return liabilities/receivables calculated on this basis have been reflected within "Cash flows from operating activities attributed to continuing operations" in the statement of cash flows.
As a result of the MTCH Separation, the Company's net deferred tax liability was adjusted via invested capital for tax attributes allocated to it from Old IAC's consolidated federal and state tax filings. The allocation of tax attributes that was recorded as of June 30, 2020 was preliminary. Following the filing of income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021, the allocation was finalized and an adjustment of $7.6 million was recorded to additional paid-in-capital.
NOTE 4—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the Spin-off. Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within IAC's financial statements for all periods prior to May 25, 2021.

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The components of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
December 31, 2020
(In thousands)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$110,011 
Accounts receivable, net12,785 
Other current assets7,681 
Total current assets of discontinued operations$130,477 
Non-current assets
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net$3,321 
Goodwill219,336 
Intangible assets, net10,854 
Deferred income taxes26,216 
Other non-current assets6,820 
Total non-current assets of discontinued operations$266,547 
Current liabilities
Accounts payable, trade$3,324 
Deferred revenue137,436 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities43,228 
Total current liabilities of discontinued operations$183,988 
Non-current liabilities
Lease liability$1,027 
Other non-current liabilities1,945 
Total non-current liabilities of discontinued operations$2,972 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests attributable to discontinued operations at December 31, 2020 was $188.0 million.

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The components of the loss from discontinued operations for the period January 1, 2021 through May 25, 2021 and the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 in the statement of operations consisted of the following:
January 1 through May 25,Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Revenue$145,514 $283,146 $195,821 
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)39,995 88,589 68,873 
Selling and marketing expense54,774 104,216 84,298 
General and administrative expense23,343 47,019 44,177 
Product development expense35,651 62,803 44,524 
Depreciation182 460 478 
Amortization of intangibles2,983 14,745 9,653 
Total operating costs and expenses156,928 317,832 252,003 
Operating loss from discontinued operations(11,414)(34,686)(56,182)
Interest expense(140)— — 
Other income (expense), net10,172 93 (6,441)
Loss from discontinued operations before tax(1,382)(34,593)(62,623)
Income tax (provision) benefit(449)13,312 13,140 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$(1,831)$(21,281)$(49,483)

NOTE 5—BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Dotdash Meredith
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash acquired 100% of Meredith under the terms of an agreement (the "Merger Agreement") dated as of October 6, 2021. At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding share of common stock of Meredith (other than certain excluded shares) was converted into the right to receive $42.18 in cash. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Meredith equity awards were cancelled, and in exchange each holder received such holder’s portion of the merger consideration as set forth in the Merger Agreement, less the per share exercise price in the case of stock options. The Company accounted for this acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting.

The total preliminary purchase price was calculated and allocated as follows:
Meredith
(In thousands)
Common stock of Meredith$1,931,376 
Cash payment used to settle a portion of Meredith debt625,000 
Cash settlement of all outstanding vested equity awards and deferred compensation130,089 
Total preliminary purchase price$2,686,465 

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The table below summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
Meredith
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$12,436 
Accounts receivable373,555 
Other current assets91,364 
Property and equipment283,319 
Goodwill1,567,843 
Intangible assets1,095,500 
Other non-current assets682,272 
Total assets4,106,289 
Customer deposit liability(141,888)
Other current liabilities(459,712)
Deferred income taxes(230,880)
Other non-current liabilities(587,344)
Net assets acquired$2,686,465 
The Company acquired Meredith because it is complementary to Dotdash. The purchase was based on the expected future financial performance of Meredith under Dotdash leadership, not on the value of the net identifiable assets at the time of acquisition. This resulted in a significant portion of the preliminary purchase price being attributed to goodwill. The purchase price attributed to goodwill is not tax deductible.
The preliminary fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired at the date of acquisition are as follows:
Meredith
(In thousands)Useful Life
(Years)
Indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks$432,800 Indefinite-lived
Advertiser relationships334,000 5-7
Licensee relationships150,000 3-6
Trade name and trademarks105,000 2-5
Subscriber relationships73,700 1-2
Total identifiable intangible assets acquired$1,095,500 
The financial results of Meredith are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, within the Dotdash Meredith segment, beginning December 1, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company included $169.9 million of revenue and $59.3 million of net loss in its consolidated statement of operations related to Meredith. The net loss of Meredith reflects $65.1 million in transaction-related costs associated with the acquisition, including charges related to double-trigger change in control payments. Given the proximity of the acquisition to the end of the reporting period, the allocation of the preliminary purchase price to certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed is provisional. These amounts will be subject to review and possible revision during the measurement period, which the Company expects to extend through the fourth quarter of 2022. In addition, the Company is still in the process of identifying acquired assets and assumed liabilities, which may also result in adjustment of the provisional amounts recorded. The subsequent adjustment of the provisional amounts may be material.

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The provisional amounts for assets acquired and liabilities assumed include the fair value of:
1.accounts receivable and other receivables, which has been adjusted for an estimated $10.1 million of gross contractual amounts not expected to be collected, may be subject to adjustment for reassessment of collectability as of the date of acquisition, collections and other adjustment subsequent to the acquisition;
2.prepaid expenses and other current and noncurrent assets, which may be subject to adjustment based upon a review of recoverability and consideration of other factors;
3.inventory;
4.property, plant and equipment, for which the preliminary estimates are subject to revision for:
a.identification of assets acquired;
b.finalization of preliminary appraisals; and
c.determination of useful lives;

5.right of use assets and lease liabilities, which will be subject to adjustment upon completion of the review of the inputs, including sublease assumptions, for the calculations;
6.accounts payable and accrued expenses, which will be subject to adjustment based upon subsequent payment and assessment of other factors;
7.indemnification liabilities, which include pre-acquisition income tax and non-income tax liabilities, will be subject to adjustment for:
a.    the reconciliation of the income tax return to the income tax provision for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 and the short period return from July 1, 2021 through the date of acquisition;
b.    the assessment of the amounts of liabilities that existed at the date of acquisition based upon ongoing audits;
c.    the assessment of applicable tax rates and other factors; and
d.     the identification of other liabilities;

8.contingencies, the initial estimated recorded liability is approximately $100 million, including indemnification liabilities, will be subject to adjustment for additional items that are identified and for additional information obtained that will assist in the determination of liabilities as of the date of acquisition;
9.definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired will be subject to adjustment as additional assets are identified, estimates and forecasts are refined and disaggregated, useful lives are finalized, and other factors deemed relevant are considered;
10. deferred income taxes will be subject to adjustment based upon the completion of the review of the book and tax bases of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, applicable tax rates and the impact of the revisions of estimates for the items described above;
11. goodwill will be subject to adjustment for the impact of the revisions of estimates for the items described above; and
12. the allocation of goodwill to reporting units, which is still in process of being assessed, will be subject to revision based upon the items described above and the finalization of the determination of fair value of the reporting units, which has not yet been completed.

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Care.com
On February 11, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of Care.com, a leading online destination for families to easily connect with caregivers, for a total purchase price of $626.9 million, which includes cash consideration of $587.0 million paid by the Company and the settlement of all outstanding vested employee equity awards for $40.0 million paid by Care.com prior to the completion of the acquisition. The Company completed the purchase accounting for the Care.com acquisition during the first quarter of 2021.
Unaudited pro forma financial information
The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below presents the results of the Company, Meredith and Care.com as if these acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2019, respectively. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments required under the acquisition method of accounting and is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had these acquisitions occurred on the aforementioned dates. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, pro forma adjustments include an increase in amortization expense of $102.0 million and $65.6 million, respectively, related to intangible asset adjustments in purchase accounting. To present transaction-related costs in the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented pro forma adjustments include a reduction in transaction-related costs of $130.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 Years Ended December 31,
20212020
 (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue$5,599,334 $4,840,324 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$666,882 $(27,702)
Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations$7.57 $(0.32)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations$7.15 $(0.32)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC shareholders$673,613 $(43,177)
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC shareholders$7.55 $(0.51)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC shareholders$7.13 $(0.51)
NOTE 6—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and intangible assets, net are as follows:
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Goodwill$3,226,610 $1,660,102 
Intangible assets with definite lives, net of accumulated amortization735,743 148,073 
Intangible assets with indefinite lives679,149 246,913 
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net$4,641,502 $2,055,088 

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The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill, for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Balance at
December 31, 2020
Additions(Deductions)Foreign
Exchange
Translation
Balance at
December 31, 2021
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith$— $1,567,843 $— $— $1,567,843 
Angi Inc.892,133 26,822 — (2,580)916,375 
Emerging & Other767,969 — (25,376)(201)742,392 
Total$1,660,102 $1,594,665 $(25,376)$(2,781)$3,226,610 
Additions relate to the acquisitions of Meredith, acquired by Dotdash on December 1, 2021, and Total Home Roofing (“Angi Roofing”), acquired by Angi on July 1, 2021. Deductions are primarily related to the allocation of acquired attributes related to the acquisition of Care.com (included in the Emerging & Other segment).
The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill, for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Balance at
December 31, 2019
AdditionsImpairmentForeign
Exchange
Translation
Balance at
December 31, 2020
 (In thousands)
Angi Inc.$884,296 $2,665 $— $5,172 $892,133 
Search265,146 — (265,146)— — 
Emerging & Other248,051 519,405 — 513 767,969 
Total$1,397,493 $522,070 $(265,146)$5,685 $1,660,102 
Additions are primarily related to the acquisitions of Care.com on February 11, 2020 and LifeCare, acquired by Care.com on October 27, 2020 (included in the Emerging & Other segment).
In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company determined that the effects of COVID-19 were an indicator of possible impairment for certain of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets and identified a $212.0 million impairment related to the goodwill of the Desktop reporting unit and a $21.4 million impairment related to certain indefinite-lived intangible assets of the Desktop reporting unit.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Desktop reporting unit and the related indefinite-lived intangible assets and recorded impairments equal to the remaining carrying value of the goodwill of $53.2 million and $10.8 million related to the intangible assets.
The reduction in the Company’s fair value estimates of the Desktop business in the first and third quarters of 2020 was primarily due to lower consumer queries, increasing challenges in monetization and the reduced ability to market profitably due to policy changes implemented by Google and other browsers. The effects of COVID-19 on monetization were an additional factor.
See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s assessments of impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 goodwill balances reflect accumulated impairment losses of $981.3 million and $198.3 million at Search and Dotdash Meredith, respectively. As a result of the impairments recorded in 2020, the Search reportable segment has no goodwill.

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At December 31, 2021 and 2020, intangible assets with definite lives are as follows:
December 31, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted-Average
Useful Life
 (In thousands)(Years)
Advertiser relationships$334,000 $(6,386)$327,614 5.2
Licensee relationships150,000 (2,923)147,077 4.9
Trade names145,598 (18,224)127,374 5.1
Technology133,318 (106,415)26,903 4.2
Service professional relationships98,789 (97,877)912 3.0
Subscriber relationships73,700 (3,961)69,739 2.0
Customer lists and user base68,730 (32,606)36,124 6.4
Other10,439 (10,439)— 3.4
Total$1,014,574 $(278,831)$735,743 4.6
December 31, 2020
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted-Average
Useful Life
 (In thousands)(Years)
Technology$142,247 $(82,813)$59,434 4.2
Service professional relationships97,960 (97,312)648 3.0
Customer lists and user base75,687 (22,027)53,660 4.0
Trade names50,633 (16,760)33,873 6.9
Memberships15,900 (15,900)— 3.0
Other10,439 (9,981)458 3.4
Total$392,866 $(244,793)$148,073 4.1
At December 31, 2021, amortization of intangible assets with definite lives for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows:
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2022$216,674 
2023176,238 
2024129,740 
202598,865 
202681,736 
Thereafter32,490 
Total$735,743 

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NOTE 7—3—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Marketable SecuritiesFair Value Measurements
AtThe Company categorizes its financial instruments measured at fair value into a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1: Observable inputs obtained from independent sources, such as quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Other inputs, which are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 financial assets are primarily obtained from observable market prices for identical underlying securities that may not be actively traded. Certain of these securities may have different market prices from multiple market data sources, in which case an average market price is used.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and require the Company to develop its own assumptions, based on the best information available in the circumstances, about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. See "Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of fair value measurements made using Level 3 inputs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets, capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company's financial assets, comprising equity securities without readily determinable fair values, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or an impairment is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs. Refer to "Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets" and "Long-Lived Assets" above for a description of impairment charges.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred (when the advertisement first runs for production costs that are initially capitalized) and represent online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, social media sites and third parties that distribute our B2C downloadable applications, which ceased beginning in March 2021, offline marketing, which is primarily television advertising, partner-related payments to those who direct traffic to the brands within our Angi Inc. segment, and direct-mail costs for magazine subscription acquisition efforts within our Dotdash Meredith segment. Advertising expense is $858.1 million, $1.0 billion and $877.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal costs, other than certain costs incurred to obtain financing, are expensed as incurred.
Original Issue Discount, Debt Issuance Costs and 2020,Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred to obtain financing are deferred and amortized to "Interest expense" in the statement of operations over the related financing period using the effective interest method. The Company records debt issuance costs as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the related debt. Financing costs related to the undrawn revolving credit facility are included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company records interest, net of any applicable related income tax benefit, for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company elects to recognize the tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred.
The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained.
Pensions and Postretirement Benefits
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the obligations under its pension plans. Pension benefits for the domestic plans are generally based on formulas that reflect pay credits allocated to participants’ accounts based on years of benefit service and annual pensionable earnings. The domestic plans are frozen with respect to new participants and the qualified plan was terminated effective December 31, 2022, and therefore, has no service costs. There are no active participants in the international plans so there are no service costs.

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The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach to account for pension and postretirement benefits. Under this approach, the Company recognizes changes in the fair value of marketable securitiesplan assets and actuarial gains or losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever a plan is required to be remeasured. Events requiring a plan remeasurement are recognized in the quarter in which the remeasurement event occurs. The remaining components of pension and other postretirement plan net periodic benefit cost (credit) are recorded on a quarterly basis.
The discount rates utilized for the domestic plans and unqualified (unfunded) United Kingdom ("U.K.") plan were based on the investment yields of high-quality corporate bonds available in the marketplace with maturities equal to projected cash flows of future benefit payments as follows:of the measurement date. The discount rate for the IPC Plan is an effective insurance settlement rate, using the estimated discount rates inherent in the annuity contracts at each measurement date. The annuity contracts are further described in "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans."
December 31,
20212020
(In thousands)
Marketable equity security$19,788 $— 
Available for sale marketable debt securities— 224,979 
     Total marketable securities$19,788 $224,979 
The Company has 1 investmentdoes not expect future contributions to be made into these plans as a result of the annuity contract entered into with a private limited life insurance company related to the IPC Plan and the determination to freeze and terminate the qualified domestic pension plan. The Company's non-qualified plans are funded as payments, which can include the purchase of annuity contracts, are made. In addition, the Company provides health care and life insurance benefits for certain employees upon their retirement, the expected costs of which are accrued over the periods that the employees render services and are funded as claims are paid. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vested resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for EPS. See "Note 15—Earnings (Loss) Per Share" for additional information on dilutive securities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses
The financial position and operating results of foreign entities whose primary economic environment is based on their local currency are consolidated using the local currency as the functional currency. These local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, and local currency revenue and expenses of these operations are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in "Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income" as a component of shareholders' equity. Transaction gains and losses resulting from assets and liabilities denominated in a marketable equity security at December 31, 2021, which is carried at fair value followingcurrency other than the investee's initial public offeringfunctional currency are included in 2021; priorthe statement of operations as a component of "Other income (expense), net." See "Note 16—Financial Statement Details" for additional information regarding foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
Translation gains and losses relating to this investee's initial public offering,foreign entities that are liquidated or substantially liquidated are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. During the investment was accounted for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. The Company recorded an unrealized gain of $18.8 million during the yearyears ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, for this investment. The Company sold its shares in another marketable equity security in the third quarterlosses of 2021, which, prior to this investee's initial public offering, was accounted for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value,less than $0.1 million and recorded a net realized gain of $7.2$10.0 million, on the sale of this investment. The realizedrespectively, were reclassified into earnings and unrealized gains related to these investments are included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
At During the year ended December 31, 2020, current available-for-sale marketable debt securities are as follows:2023, no gains or losses were reclassified into earnings.
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
(In thousands)
Treasury discount notes$224,976 $$— $224,979 
Total available-for-sale marketable debt securities$224,976 $$— $224,979 
Stock-Based Compensation
The contractual maturities of debt securities classified as current available-for-saleStock-based compensation is measured at December 31, 2020 were within one year. There were no investments in available-for-sale marketable debt securities that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for longer than twelve months at December 31, 2020.
Investment in MGM Resorts International
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Investment in MGM Resorts International ("MGM")$2,649,442 $1,860,158 
During the second and third quarters of 2020,grant date based on the Company purchased a total of 59.0 million shares of MGM. The fair value of the investment in MGMaward and is remeasured each reporting period based upon MGM's closing stock price ongenerally expensed over the New York Stock Exchange on that last trading day inrequisite service period. See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for a discussion of the reporting period and any unrealized gains or losses are included in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded unrealized gains on its investment in MGM of $789.3 million and $840.5 million, respectively. The cumulative gain through December 31, 2021 is $1.6 billion.Company's stock-based compensation plans.

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Long-term InvestmentsRedeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Long-term investments consist of:
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values$324,649 $296,491 
Equity method investment3,189 1,152 
Total long-term investments$327,838 $297,643 
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values
The following table presents a summary of unrealized gains and losses recorded in "Other income (expense), net"Noncontrolling interests in the statementsubsidiaries of operations as adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Years Ended December 31,
20212020
(In thousands)
Upward adjustments (gross unrealized gains)$8,992 $— 
Downward adjustments including impairments (gross unrealized losses)(100)(51,484)
Total$8,892 $(51,484)
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded impairments of $51.5 million related to certainare ordinarily reported on the balance sheet within shareholders' equity, securities without readily determinable fair values due to the impact of COVID-19.
The cumulative upward and downward adjustments (including impairments) to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2021 were $28.7 million and $43.6 million, respectively.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses forseparately from the Company's investments without readily determinableequity. However, securities that are redeemable at the option of the holder and not solely within the control of the issuer must be classified outside of shareholders' equity. Accordingly, all noncontrolling interests that are redeemable at the option of the holder are presented outside of shareholders' equity in the balance sheet.
In connection with the acquisition of certain subsidiaries, management of these businesses has retained an ownership interest. The Company is party to fair valuesvalue put and call arrangements with respect to these interests. These put and call arrangements allow management of these businesses to require the Company to purchase their interests or allow the Company to acquire such interests at fair value, respectively. The put arrangements do not meet the definition of a derivative instrument as the put agreements do not provide for net settlement. These put and call arrangements become exercisable by the Company and the counterparty at various dates in the future. There were no arrangements exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023 and 20192022. Two of these arrangements were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2021. These put arrangements are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In thousands)
Realized gains, net, for equity securities sold$5,773 $1,873 $20,883 
Unrealized gains, net, on equity securities held8,892 797,565 18,505 
Total gains recognized, net$14,665 $799,438 $39,388 
All gainsexercisable by the counterparty outside the control of the Company. Accordingly, to the extent that the redemption amount of these interests exceeds the value determined by normal noncontrolling interest accounting, the value of such interests is adjusted to the redemption amount with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and losses on equity securities without readily determinable fair values, realized and unrealized, are recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
Equity Method Investment
During 2021, and 2020, the Company acquired common sharesrecorded adjustments of Turo Inc. ("Turo")$7.6 million, $24.2 million and $777.7 million, respectively (of which $777.3 million was related to Vimeo during 2021), a peer-to-peer car sharing marketplace. This investment is accounted for under the equity methodto increase these interests to their redemption amounts. Adjustments to these interests require high levels of accounting given the Company's ownership interest of approximately 27.5%judgment and are based on a fully diluted basis in the form of preferred shares, which are not common stock equivalents. The Company accounts for the equity losses for this investment on a one quarter lag.various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted by the Company
There were no recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted by the Company
ASU 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, which is intended to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information about reportable segments of a public business entity, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. This ASU requires annual and interim disclosures of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss and an amount and description of its composition of other segment items. The provisions of this ASU also require entities to include all annual disclosures required by Topic 280 in the interim periods and permits entities to include multiple measures of a segment's profit or loss if such measures are used by the CODM to assess segment performance and determine allocation of resources, provided that at least one of those measures is determined in a way that is consistent with the measurement principles under GAAP. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 apply retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt and is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated guidance on the financial statements.
ASU 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, which establishes required categories and a quantitative threshold to the annual tabular rate reconciliation disclosure and disaggregated jurisdictional disclosures of income taxes paid. The guidance's annual requirements are effective for the Company beginning with the December 31, 2025 reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and prospective disclosure should be applied, however, retrospective disclosure is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the pronouncement and its impact on its income tax disclosures, but it does not impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

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NOTE 3—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Measurements
The Company categorizes its financial instruments measured at fair value into a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1: Observable inputs obtained from independent sources, such as quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Other inputs, which are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 financial assets are primarily obtained from observable market prices for identical underlying securities that may not be actively traded. Certain of these securities may have different market prices from multiple market data sources, in which case an average market price is used.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and require the Company to develop its own assumptions, based on the best information available in the circumstances, about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. See "Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements" for a discussion of fair value measurements made using Level 3 inputs.

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Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets, capitalized software, equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company's financial assets, comprising equity securities without readily determinable fair values, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or an impairment is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs. Refer to "Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets" and "Long-Lived Assets" above for a description of impairment charges.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred (when the advertisement first runs for production costs that are initially capitalized) and represent online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, social media sites and third parties that distribute our B2C downloadable applications, which ceased beginning in March 2021, offline marketing, which is primarily television advertising, partner-related payments to those who direct traffic to the brands within our Angi Inc. segment, and direct-mail costs for magazine subscription acquisition efforts within our Dotdash Meredith segment. Advertising expense is $858.1 million, $1.0 billion and $877.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal costs, other than certain costs incurred to obtain financing, are expensed as incurred.
Original Issue Discount, Debt Issuance Costs and Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred to obtain financing are deferred and amortized to "Interest expense" in the statement of operations over the related financing period using the effective interest method. The Company records debt issuance costs as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the related debt. Financing costs related to the undrawn revolving credit facility are included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company records interest, net of any applicable related income tax benefit, for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company elects to recognize the tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred.
The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained.
Pensions and Postretirement Benefits
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the obligations under its pension plans. Pension benefits for the domestic plans are generally based on formulas that reflect pay credits allocated to participants’ accounts based on years of benefit service and annual pensionable earnings. The domestic plans are frozen with respect to new participants and the qualified plan was terminated effective December 31, 2022, and therefore, has no service costs. There are no active participants in the international plans so there are no service costs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach to account for pension and postretirement benefits. Under this approach, the Company recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains or losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever a plan is required to be remeasured. Events requiring a plan remeasurement are recognized in the quarter in which the remeasurement event occurs. The remaining components of pension and other postretirement plan net periodic benefit cost (credit) are recorded on a quarterly basis.
The discount rates utilized for the domestic plans and unqualified (unfunded) United Kingdom ("U.K.") plan were based on the investment yields of high-quality corporate bonds available in the marketplace with maturities equal to projected cash flows of future benefit payments as of the measurement date. The discount rate for the IPC Plan is an effective insurance settlement rate, using the estimated discount rates inherent in the annuity contracts at each measurement date. The annuity contracts are further described in "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans."
The Company does not expect future contributions to be made into these plans as a result of the annuity contract entered into with a private limited life insurance company related to the IPC Plan and the determination to freeze and terminate the qualified domestic pension plan. The Company's non-qualified plans are funded as payments, which can include the purchase of annuity contracts, are made. In addition, the Company provides health care and life insurance benefits for certain employees upon their retirement, the expected costs of which are accrued over the periods that the employees render services and are funded as claims are paid. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vested resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for EPS. See "Note 15—Earnings (Loss) Per Share" for additional information on dilutive securities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses
The financial position and operating results of foreign entities whose primary economic environment is based on their local currency are consolidated using the local currency as the functional currency. These local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, and local currency revenue and expenses of these operations are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in "Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income" as a component of shareholders' equity. Transaction gains and losses resulting from assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as a component of "Other income (expense), net." See "Note 16—Financial Statement Details" for additional information regarding foreign currency exchange gains and losses.
Translation gains and losses relating to foreign entities that are liquidated or substantially liquidated are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, losses of less than $0.1 million and $10.0 million, respectively, were reclassified into earnings and included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no gains or losses were reclassified into earnings.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period. See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for a discussion of the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests in the subsidiaries of the Company are ordinarily reported on the balance sheet within shareholders' equity, separately from the Company's equity. However, securities that are redeemable at the option of the holder and not solely within the control of the issuer must be classified outside of shareholders' equity. Accordingly, all noncontrolling interests that are redeemable at the option of the holder are presented outside of shareholders' equity in the balance sheet.
In connection with the acquisition of certain subsidiaries, management of these businesses has retained an ownership interest. The Company is party to fair value put and call arrangements with respect to these interests. These put and call arrangements allow management of these businesses to require the Company to purchase their interests or allow the Company to acquire such interests at fair value, respectively. The put arrangements do not meet the definition of a derivative instrument as the put agreements do not provide for net settlement. These put and call arrangements become exercisable by the Company and the counterparty at various dates in the future. There were no arrangements exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Two of these arrangements were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2021. These put arrangements are exercisable by the counterparty outside the control of the Company. Accordingly, to the extent that the redemption amount of these interests exceeds the value determined by normal noncontrolling interest accounting, the value of such interests is adjusted to the redemption amount with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded adjustments of $7.6 million, $24.2 million and $777.7 million, respectively (of which $777.3 million was related to Vimeo during 2021), to increase these interests to their redemption amounts. Adjustments to these interests require high levels of judgment and are based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted by the Company
There were no recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted by the Company
ASU 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, which is intended to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information about reportable segments of a public business entity, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. This ASU requires annual and interim disclosures of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss and an amount and description of its composition of other segment items. The provisions of this ASU also require entities to include all annual disclosures required by Topic 280 in the interim periods and permits entities to include multiple measures of a segment's profit or loss if such measures are used by the CODM to assess segment performance and determine allocation of resources, provided that at least one of those measures is determined in a way that is consistent with the measurement principles under GAAP. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 apply retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt and is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated guidance on the financial statements.
ASU 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, which establishes required categories and a quantitative threshold to the annual tabular rate reconciliation disclosure and disaggregated jurisdictional disclosures of income taxes paid. The guidance's annual requirements are effective for the Company beginning with the December 31, 2025 reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and prospective disclosure should be applied, however, retrospective disclosure is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the pronouncement and its impact on its income tax disclosures, but it does not impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

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NOTE 3—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Marketable Securities
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of marketable securities are as follows:
December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Marketable equity securities$— $4,317 
Available for sale marketable debt securities148,998 235,056 
Total marketable securities$148,998 $239,373 
Marketable securities are carried at fair value. The Company has no investments in marketable equity securities, following the change in classification of its investment in MGM to an equity method investment in the fourth quarter of 2023, described below. At December 31, 2022, the Company had two investments in marketable equity securities, other than its investment in MGM, including one investment that was fully impaired in the first quarter of 2023 due to the investee declaring bankruptcy and another investment that was sold in the third quarter of 2023. The Company recorded net unrealized pre-tax losses of $0.3 million and $20.3 million for these investments during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unrealized pre-tax losses related to these investments are included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, current available-for-sale marketable debt securities are as follows:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueAmortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
(In thousands)
Treasury discount notes$148,971 $27 $— $148,998 $234,987 $75 $(6)$235,056 
Total available-for-sale marketable debt securities$148,971 $27 $— $148,998 $234,987 $75 $(6)$235,056 
The contractual maturities of debt securities classified as current available-for-sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were within one year. There were no investments in available-for-sale marketable debt securities that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for longer than twelve months at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Investment in MGM Resorts International
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Investment in MGM Resorts International$2,891,850 $2,170,182 
At December 31, 2023, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, including a total of 5.7 million common shares purchased in the first and third quarters of 2022 for $244.3 million. Based on the number of MGM common shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, the Company owns 19.8% of MGM. During the fourth quarter of 2023, due to MGM's ongoing share repurchase program, which increased the Company's ownership interest passively, the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies and has elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period the election of the fair value option will result in no change to the historical accounting for this investment. The fair value of the investment in MGM is remeasured each reporting period based upon MGM's closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange on the last trading day in the reporting period and any unrealized pre-tax gains or losses are included in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized unrealized pre-tax gains (losses) of $721.7 million, $(723.5) million and $789.3 million, respectively on its investment in MGM. The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain through December 31, 2023 is $1.6 billion. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 9, 2024, the fair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $3.0 billion.
The following tables present MGM's summarized financial information as of December 31, 2023 and for the period October 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023, which is the period during which the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applies. As noted above, the Company has elected the fair value measurement alternative for its investment in MGM. As a result, the value of our investment and the financial impacts in any given period are not necessarily correlated with the balance sheet and income statement information presented below.
December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Current assets$4,910,593 
Non-current assets$37,457,955 
Current liabilities$3,126,068 
Non-current liabilities$34,874,979 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests$33,356 
Noncontrolling interests$522,975 
October 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Revenues$4,375,563 
Expenses$3,962,796 
Net income$379,612 
Net income attributable to MGM$313,460 

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Long-term Investments
Long-term investments consist of:
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values$404,848 $323,530 
Other6,368 2,191 
Total long-term investments$411,216 $325,721 
In April 2023, the Company purchased additional preferred shares of Turo Inc. ("Turo"), a peer-to-peer car sharing marketplace, for $103.6 million, which is accounted for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value, as the preferred shares are not common stock equivalents.
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values
The following table presents a summary of unrealized pre-tax gains and losses recorded in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations as adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Years Ended December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Upward adjustments (gross unrealized pre-tax gains)$2,227 $8,245 
Downward adjustments including impairments (gross unrealized pre-tax losses)(22,463)(97,382)
Total$(20,236)$(89,137)
The cumulative upward and downward adjustments (including impairments) to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2023 were $37.8 million and $(126.1) million, respectively.
Realized and unrealized pre-tax gains and losses for the Company's investments without readily determinable fair values for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
Realized pre-tax gains, net, for equity securities sold$89 $12,434 $5,773 
Unrealized pre-tax (losses) gains, net, on equity securities held(20,236)(89,137)8,892 
Total pre-tax (losses) gains, net recognized$(20,147)$(76,703)$14,665 
All pre-tax gains and losses on equity securities without readily determinable fair values, realized and unrealized, are recognized in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.

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Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2023
Quoted Market
Prices for
Identical Assets in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
(In thousands)
Quoted Market Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Quoted Market Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Assets:Assets:    Assets:  
Cash equivalents:Cash equivalents:    Cash equivalents:  
Money market fundsMoney market funds$1,660,921 $— $— $1,660,921 
Treasury discount notes
Time depositsTime deposits— 6,057 — 6,057 
Marketable equity security19,788 — — 19,788 
Marketable securities:
Treasury discount notes
Treasury discount notes
Treasury discount notes
Investment in MGMInvestment in MGM2,649,442 — — 2,649,442 
Other non-current assets:Other non-current assets:
WarrantWarrant— — 109,294 109,294 
Warrant
Warrant
Total
Total
TotalTotal$4,330,151 $6,057 $109,294 $4,445,502 
Liabilities:Liabilities:
Contingent consideration arrangements$(612)$(612)
Liabilities:
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps(a)
Interest rate swaps(a)
Interest rate swaps(a)
_____________________
(a)Interest rate swaps relate to the $350 million notional amount entered into to hedge Dotdash Meredith's Term Loan B and are included in "Other long-term liabilities" in the balance sheet. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information. The fair value of interest rate swaps was determined using discounted cash flows derived from observable market prices, including swap curves, which are Level 2 inputs.

 December 31, 2020
 Quoted Market
Prices for
Identical Assets in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Assets:    
Cash equivalents:    
Money market funds$1,769,239 $— $— $1,769,239 
Treasury discount notes— 1,224,966 — 1,224,966 
Time deposits— 2,721 — 2,721 
Marketable debt securities:
Treasury discount notes— 224,979 — 224,979 
Investment in MGM1,860,158 — — 1,860,158 
Other non-current assets:
Warrant— — 5,276 5,276 
Total$3,629,397 $1,452,666 $5,276 $5,087,339 
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration arrangement$— $— 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 December 31, 2022
 Quoted Market Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$862,829 $— $— $862,829 
Treasury discount notes— 137,219 — 137,219 
Time deposits— 16,018 — 16,018 
Marketable securities:
Marketable equity securities4,317 — — 4,317 
Treasury discount notes— 235,056 — 235,056 
Investment in MGM2,170,182 — — 2,170,182 
Other non-current assets:
Warrant— — 46,799 46,799 
Total$3,037,328 $388,293 $46,799 $3,472,420 
The following table presents the changes in the Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Years Ended December 31,
20212020
WarrantContingent
Consideration
Arrangements
WarrantContingent
Consideration
Arrangement
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands) 20232022
WarrantWarrantWarrantContingent
Consideration
Arrangements
(In thousands)
Balance at January 1Balance at January 1$5,276 $— $8,495 $(6,918)
Fair value at date of acquisition— (620)— (1,000)
Total net gains (losses):
Total net gains (losses):
Total net gains (losses):Total net gains (losses):
Fair value adjustments included in earningsFair value adjustments included in earnings104,018 (14,992)(3,219)6,918 
Settlements— 15,000 — 1,000 
Fair value adjustments included in earnings
Fair value adjustments included in earnings
Balance at December 31Balance at December 31$109,294 $(612)$5,276 $— 
Balance at December 31
Balance at December 31
Warrant
As part of the Company's original investment in Turo preferred shares, the Company received a warrant that is recorded at fair value each reporting period using a Monte Carlo simulation model with any change included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations. The warrant is measured using significant unobservable inputs and is classified in the fair value hierarchy table as Level 3. The warrant is included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet.
Contingent Consideration Arrangements
At December 31, 2021,2023 and 2022, the Company has two outstandingno contingent consideration arrangements related to business combinations. The maximum contingent payments related to these arrangements is $7.0 million. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company recorded a $15.0 million loss related to one of these contingent consideration arrangements due to a change in estimate of the liability related to this arrangement. The amount was paid in full during the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company does not expect to make any further payments related to this contingent consideration arrangement.outstanding. In connection with the Meredith acquisition on December 1, 2021, the Company assumed a contingent consideration arrangement liability of $0.6 million, related to a prior Meredith business combination. In connection with the Care.com acquisition on February 11, 2020, the Company assumed a contingent consideration arrangement liability of $1.0 million, which was subsequently paid and settledwritten off during the first quarter of 2020. The2022 due to a change in estimate of the liability related to this arrangement. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company recorded a $15.0 million loss related to one contingent consideration arrangement, liability at December 31, 2021 is included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" inwhich was subsequently paid during the balance sheet.fourth quarter of 2021.

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Financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes
The following table presents the carrying value and thetotal fair value of financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes:
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
 Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Current portion of long-term debt$(30,000)$(29,550)$— $— 
Long-term debt, net(a)
$(2,046,237)$(2,061,450)$(712,277)$(725,700)
_________________
(a)At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying value of long-term debt, net includes unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $23.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

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At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value ofoutstanding long-term debt, including the current portion, is estimated using observable market prices or indices for similar liabilities, which are Level 2 inputs.inputs, and was approximately $2.0 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
NOTE 8—4—BUSINESS COMBINATION
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash acquired Meredith under the terms of an agreement (the "Merger Agreement") dated as of October 6, 2021, for a total purchase price of $2.7 billion, which includes cash consideration to settle all outstanding vested equity awards and deferred compensation. At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding share of common stock of Meredith (other than certain excluded shares) was converted into the right to receive $42.18 in cash. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Meredith equity awards were cancelled, and in exchange each holder received such holder’s portion of the merger consideration as set forth in the Merger Agreement, less the per share exercise price in the case of stock options. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase accounting for the Meredith acquisition was completed during the fourth quarter of 2022.
Unaudited pro forma financial information
The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below presents the results of the Company and Meredith, as if this acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments required under the acquisition method of accounting and is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had this acquisition occurred on January 1, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pro forma adjustments include an increase in amortization expense of $135.9 million, related to intangible asset adjustments in purchase accounting. To present transaction-related costs in the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, pro forma adjustments include a reduction in transaction-related costs of $130.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Year Ended December 31,
2021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue$5,599,334 
Net earnings from continuing operations$650,189 
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations$7.39 
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations$6.95 
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$656,920 
Basic earnings per share attributable to IAC shareholders$7.36 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to IAC shareholders$6.93 
NOTE 5—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and intangible assets, net are as follows:
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Goodwill$3,024,266 $3,030,168 
Intangible assets with indefinite lives544,228 631,097 
Intangible assets with definite lives, net of accumulated amortization330,477 538,944 
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net$3,898,971 $4,200,209 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment losses, for the year ended December 31, 2023:
Balance at December 31, 2022ImpairmentForeign Exchange TranslationBalance at December 31, 2023Accumulated Impairment Losses
at December 31, 2023
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$1,497,642 $— $— $1,497,642 $(198,329)
Total Dotdash Meredith1,497,642 — — 1,497,642 (198,329)
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads761,571 — — 761,571 — 
Services51,095 — — 51,095 — 
International70,619 — 3,098 73,717 — 
Total Angi Inc.883,285 — 3,098 886,383 — 
Emerging & Other649,241 (9,000)— 640,241 (95,748)
Search— — — — (981,308)
Total$3,030,168 $(9,000)$3,098 $3,024,266 $(1,275,385)
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded a goodwill impairment of $9.0 million. The accumulated impairment losses at December 31, 2023 within Emerging & Other is attributable to Mosaic Group. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s assessments of impairment of goodwill. As a result of impairments previously recorded, the Search reportable segment has no goodwill.
The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment losses, for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Balance at December 31, 2021DeductionsReporting Unit Allocation AdjustmentImpairmentForeign Exchange TranslationBalance at December 31, 2022Accumulated Impairment Losses
at December 31, 2022
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$1,567,843 $(70,201)$— $— $— $1,497,642 $(198,329)
Total Dotdash Meredith1,567,843 (70,201)— — — 1,497,642 (198,329)
Angi Inc.
Angi Inc.916,375 (816)(903,469)— (12,090)— — 
Ads and Leads— — 761,571 — — 761,571 — 
Services— — 51,095 — — 51,095 — 
International— — 64,798 — 5,821 70,619 — 
Total Angi Inc.916,375 (816)(26,005)— (6,269)883,285 — 
Emerging & Other742,392 (6,403)26,005 (112,753)— 649,241 (112,753)
Search— — — — — — (981,308)
Total$3,226,610 $(77,420)$— $(112,753)$(6,269)$3,030,168 $(1,292,390)

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In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Angi Inc. segment presentation was changed to reflect its then four operating segments, which included (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services, (iii) Roofing and (iv) International (includes Europe and Canada). Goodwill was allocated to reflect the new segment presentation. The allocation of goodwill to Roofing and Canada reflected their respective historical carrying values because of the lack of operational integration with Angi North America; the allocation of the remaining goodwill to Ads and Leads and Services was based upon their relative fair values as of October 1, 2022. Roofing was sold on November 1, 2023 and prior periods have been recast to reflect Roofing within Emerging & Other, as described in “Note 1—Organization.”
Deductions at Dotdash Meredith are primarily due to adjustments to the fair values of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to Meredith, acquired by Dotdash on December 1, 2021, and the sale of a business at Dotdash Meredith. Deductions at Emerging & Other are due to the sales of Bluecrew and the Daily Burn business at Mosaic Group, as well as working capital adjustments recorded in the second quarter of 2022 related to Total Home Roofing, which comprises the Roofing reporting unit included within Emerging & Other, acquired on July 1, 2021. During 2022, the Company reassessed the fair values of the Mosaic Group and Roofing reporting units and recorded goodwill impairments of $86.7 million and $26.0 million, respectively, which comprise the accumulated impairment losses at December 31, 2022 within Emerging & Other. As a result of impairments previously recorded, the Search reportable segment has no goodwill.
See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s assessments of impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, intangible assets with definite lives are as follows:
December 31, 2023
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted-Average
Useful Life
 (In thousands)(Years)
Advertiser relationships$297,000 $(154,819)$142,181 5.0
Technology198,344 (196,816)1,528 3.5
Licensee relationships171,000 (85,496)85,504 4.9
Trade names120,759 (55,541)65,218 9.2
Content104,939 (88,845)16,094 2.9
Customer lists and user base68,661 (48,721)19,940 6.4
Service professional relationships6,419 (6,407)12 2.7
Total$967,122 $(636,645)$330,477 5.1

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December 31, 2022
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
NetWeighted-Average
Useful Life
 (In thousands)(Years)
Advertiser relationships$297,000 $(87,199)$209,801 5.0
Technology198,224 (171,660)26,564 3.5
Licensee relationships171,000 (45,152)125,848 4.9
Trade names120,711 (37,677)83,034 9.2
Content106,639 (61,407)45,232 2.9
Customer lists and user base68,575 (41,868)26,707 6.4
Service professional relationships97,658 (97,537)121 3.0
Subscriber relationships61,200 (39,563)21,637 1.9
Total$1,121,007 $(582,063)$538,944 4.7
The decreases in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangibles assets from December 31, 2022 were due primarily to the retirement of certain fully amortized service professional relationships at Angi Ads and Leads and subscriber relationships at Dotdash Meredith Print of $90.5 million and $61.2 million, respectively, as these assets are no longer in use.
At December 31, 2023, amortization of intangible assets with definite lives for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows:
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2024$133,662 
202584,475 
202669,057 
202715,142 
20285,519 
Thereafter22,622 
Total$330,477 
NOTE 6—LEASES
The Company primarily leases office space used in connection with its operations under various operating leases, the majority of which contain escalation clauses.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying assets for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the present value of the Company’s obligation to make payments arising from these leases. ROU assets and related lease liabilities are based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term using the Company's and certain of its subsidiaries' respective incremental borrowing rates on the lease commencement date, the date of acquisition for any leases acquired in connection with a business combination or January 1, 2019, the date ASC Topic 842, Leases ("ASC 842") was adopted, for leases that commenced prior to that date. The Company combines the lease and non-lease components of lease payments in determining ROU assets and related lease liabilities. If the lease includes one or more options to extend the term of the lease, the renewal option is considered in the lease term if it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option(s). Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. As permitted by ASC 842, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less ("short-term leases") are not recorded on the balance sheet.
Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, utilities and taxes, which are not included in the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

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The following table presents the balances of ROU assets and lease liabilities within the balance sheet:
December 31,
LeasesBalance Sheet Classification20232022
(In thousands)
Assets:
ROU assetsOther non-current assets$299,597 $428,160 
Liabilities:
Current lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$68,126 $67,192 
Long-term lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities401,118 518,851 
Total lease liabilities$469,244 $586,043 
The following table presents the net lease expense within the statement of operations:
Years Ended December 31,
Lease ExpenseStatement of Operations Classification202320222021
(In thousands)
Fixed lease expenseCost of revenue$708 $1,283 $1,707 
Fixed lease expenseSelling and marketing expense2,362 6,229 9,443 
Fixed lease expenseGeneral and administrative expense110,177 61,886 31,165 
Fixed lease expenseProduct development expense658 999 1,756 
Total fixed lease expense(a)
113,905 70,397 44,071 
Variable lease expenseSelling and marketing expense79 199 1,087 
Variable lease expenseGeneral and administrative expense19,610 16,406 8,176 
Variable lease expenseProduct development expense157 89 639 
Total variable lease expense19,846 16,694 9,902 
Net lease expense$133,751 $87,091 $53,973 
_____________________
(a) Includes (i) lease impairment charges of $48.9 million, $2.3 million and $10.5 million, (ii) short-term lease expense of $1.6 million, $4.0 million and $1.4 million, (iii) sublease income of $15.2 million, $17.1 million and $6.7 million and (iv) (losses) gains on termination of leases of $(0.2) million, $3.3 million and $(0.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in "General and administrative expense" in the statement of operations. Impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2023 include $44.7 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space at Dotdash Meredith due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded$14.3 million of impairment charges related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition, which is included in "General and administration expense" in the statement of operations as a restructuring charge. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information on impairment and restructuring charges, respectively.

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Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2023(b) are summarized below:
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2024$89,626 
202581,500 
202676,461 
202763,097 
202859,013 
Thereafter194,120 
Total563,817 
Less: Interest94,573 
Present value of lease liabilities$469,244 
_____________________
(b) At December 31, 2023 there were no legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
The following are the weighted average assumptions used for lease term and discount rate:
December 31,
20232022
Remaining lease term7.5 years11.4 years
Discount rate5.07 %5.22 %
The following is the supplemental cash flow information:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands)
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities (c)
$7,545 $9,608 $421,153 
Derecognition of ROU assets due to termination or modification$(34,809)$(4,612)$(1,854)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities$100,328 $93,864 $44,659 
_____________________
(c) December 31, 2021 includes $416.6 million of ROU assets acquired related to Meredith as of the date of acquisition. The related lease liabilities acquired were $437.7 million.
In addition, purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisition of Meredith were completed during the year ended December 31, 2022 and ROU assets were adjusted downward by $4.3 million and lease liabilities were adjusted upward by $7.1 million.


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NOTE 7—LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of:
December 31,
December 31,December 31,
20212020 20232022
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith DebtDotdash Meredith Debt
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A") due December 1, 2026
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A") due December 1, 2026
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A") due December 1, 2026Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A") due December 1, 2026$350,000 $— 
Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B") due December 1, 2028Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B ("Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B") due December 1, 20281,250,000 — 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debtTotal Dotdash Meredith long-term debt1,600,000 — 
Less: current portion of Dotdash Meredith long-term debtLess: current portion of Dotdash Meredith long-term debt30,000 — 
Less: original issue discountLess: original issue discount6,176 — 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costsLess: unamortized debt issuance costs12,139 — 
Total Dotdash Meredith long-term debt, netTotal Dotdash Meredith long-term debt, net1,551,685 — 
ANGI Group DebtANGI Group Debt
3.875% ANGI Group Senior Notes due August 15, 2028 ("ANGI Group Senior Notes"); interest payable each February 15 and August 15, commencing February 15, 2021500,000 500,000 
ANGI Group Term Loan due November 5, 2023 ("ANGI Group Term Loan")— 220,000 
Total long-term debt500,000 720,000 
ANGI Group Debt
ANGI Group Debt
3.875% ANGI Group Senior Notes due August 15, 2028 ("ANGI Group Senior Notes"); interest payable each February 15 and August 15
3.875% ANGI Group Senior Notes due August 15, 2028 ("ANGI Group Senior Notes"); interest payable each February 15 and August 15
3.875% ANGI Group Senior Notes due August 15, 2028 ("ANGI Group Senior Notes"); interest payable each February 15 and August 15
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
Less: unamortized debt issuance costsLess: unamortized debt issuance costs5,448 7,723 
Total ANGI Group long-term debt, netTotal ANGI Group long-term debt, net494,552 712,277 
Total long-term debt, netTotal long-term debt, net$2,046,237 $712,277 
Total long-term debt, net
Total long-term debt, net
Dotdash Meredith Term Loans and Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility
On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith entered into a credit agreement ("Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement"), which provides for (i) the five-year $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (ii) the seven-year $1.25 billion Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B (and together with the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, the "Dotdash Meredith Term Loans") and (iii) a five-year $150 million revolving credit facility ("Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility"). The proceeds of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans were used to fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Meredith and pay related fees and expenses. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bears interest at adjusted term secured overnight financing rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR")SOFR as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement plus an applicable margin depending on Dotdash Meredith's most recently reported consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. The adjustment to the secured overnight financing rate is fixed at 0.10% for the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B has a varying adjustment of 0.10%, 0.15% or 0.25% based upon the duration of the borrowing period. At December 31, 2021,2023 and 2022, the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.00%2.25%, or 2.15%. The7.69% and 5.91%, respectively, and the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 4.50% at December 31, 2021.9.44% and 8.22%, respectively. Interest payments are due at least quarterly through the terms of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans.

In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps on the Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B for a total notional amount of $350 million with a maturity date of April 1, 2027. The outstanding balancesinterest rate swaps synthetically converted $350 million of the Dotdash Meredith Term A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B were $350.0for the duration of the interest rate swaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate of approximately 7.92% ((i) the weighted average fixed interest rate of approximately 3.82% on the interest rate swaps plus (ii) the adjustment to the secured overnight financing rate of 0.10% plus (iii) the base rate of 4.00%), beginning on April 3, 2023.
The interest rate swaps are expected to be highly effective. See "Note 9—Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income" for the net unrealized gains before reclassifications in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" and realized gains reclassified into “Interest expense” for the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, approximately $3.0 million and $1.25 billionis expected to be reclassified into interest expense within the next twelve months as realized gains. The related liability of $0.9 million is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021, respectively. 2023.

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The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A requires quarterly principal payments of approximately $4.4 million through December 31, 2024, $8.8 million through December 31, 2025 and approximately $13.1 million thereafter through maturity. The Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B requires quarterly payments of $3.1 million through maturity. Commencing December 31, 2022, pursuant to the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, theThe Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B may require additional annual principal payments as part of an excess cash flow sweep provision, the amount of which, in part, is governed by the applicable net leverage ratio.

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ratio and further subject to the excess cash flow exceeding $80.0 million as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. No such payment is currently expected related to the period ended December 31, 2023 and no such payment was required related to the period ended December 31, 2022.
There were no outstanding borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility at December 31, 2021.2023 and 2022. The annual commitment fee on undrawn funds is based on theDotdash Meredith's consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, most recently reported and was 3540 basis points at both December 31, 2021.2023 and 2022. Any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility would bear interest, at Dotdash Meredith's option, at either a base rate or term benchmark rate,Adjusted Term SOFR, plus an applicable margin, which is based on Dotdash Meredith's consolidated net leverage ratio.
Commencing March 31, 2022, the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement requires Dotdash Meredith to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio asAs of the last day of eachany calendar quarter, of no greater than 5.5 to 1.0 provided thatif either (i) $1.00 or more is drawnof loans under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility or Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A are outstanding, or (ii) the outstanding face amount of undrawn letters of credit, other than cash collateralized letters of credit at 102%, of face value, exceeds $25 million, subject to certain increases for qualifying material acquisitions.acquisitions, then Dotdash Meredith will not permit the consolidated net leverage ratio, which permits netting of up to $250 million in cash and cash equivalents, as of the last day of such quarter to exceed 5.5 to 1.0. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also contains covenants that would limit Dotdash Meredith’s ability to pay dividends, incur incremental secured indebtedness, or make distributions or certain investments in the event a default has occurred or if Dotdash Meredith’s consolidated net leverage ratio (asexceeds 4.0 to 1.0, subject to certain available amounts as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement) exceeds 4.0 to 1.0. There were no such limitations atAgreement. This ratio was exceeded for both test periods ended December 31, 2021.2023 and 2022. The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also permits the Company to, among other things, contribute cash to Dotdash Meredith which will provide additional liquidity to ensure that Dotdash Meredith does not exceed certain consolidated net leverage ratios for any test period, as further defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. In connection with these capital contributions, Dotdash Meredith may make distributions to the Company in amounts not more than any such capital contributions, provided that no default has occurred and is continuing. Such capital contributions and subsequent distributions impact the consolidated net leverage ratios of Dotdash Meredith. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company contributed $510.0 million to Dotdash Meredith and Dotdash Meredith subsequently distributed back to the Company $405.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and $105.0 million in January 2024.
The obligations under the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith's wholly-owned subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries.
ANGI Group Senior NotesDebt
TheANGI Group, LLC ("ANGI Group") a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Angi Inc., issued the ANGI Group Senior Notes were issued on August 20, 2020, the proceeds of which have been used for general corporate purposes, including the Angi Roofing acquisition, and treasury share repurchases. At any time prior to August 15, 2023, these notes may be redeemed at a redemption price equal to the sum of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. Thereafter, these2020. These notes may be redeemed at the redemption prices set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the applicable redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 15 of the years indicated below:
YearPercentage
2023101.938 %
2024100.969 %
2025 and thereafter100.000 %
The indenture governing the ANGI Group Senior Notes contains a covenant that would limit ANGI Group’s ability to incur liens for borrowed money in the event a default has occurred or ANGI Group’s secured leverage ratio (asexceeds 3.75 to 1.0 provided that ANGI Group is permitted to incur such liens under certain permitted credit facilities indebtedness notwithstanding the ratio, all as defined in the indenture) exceeds 3.75 to 1.0.indenture. At December 31, 2021,2023, there were no limitations pursuant thereto.
ANGI Group Revolving Facility

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The $250 million ANGI Group Revolving Facility, which otherwise would have expired on November 5, 2023, was terminated effective August 3, 2021. No amounts were ever drawn under the ANGI Group Revolving Facility prior to its termination.
During 2021, ANGI Group Term Loan
Asprepaid the remaining balance of May 6, 2021, the outstanding balance$220.0 million of the ANGI Group Term Loan was repaid in its entirety. The outstanding balance of the ANGI Group Term Loan at December 31, 2020 was $220.0 million and bore interest at 2.16%.

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principal, which otherwise would have matured on November 5, 2023.
Long-term Debt Maturities:
Long-term debt maturities at December 31, 20212023 are summarized in the table below:
Years Ending December 31,Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2022$30,000 
202330,000 
2024202430,000 
2025202547,500 
20262026275,000 
Thereafter1,687,500 
2027
2028
Total
Total
TotalTotal2,100,000 
Less: current portion of long-term debtLess: current portion of long-term debt30,000 
Less: unamortized original issue discountLess: unamortized original issue discount6,176 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costsLess: unamortized debt issuance costs17,587 
Total long-term debt, netTotal long-term debt, net$2,046,237 
NOTE 9—8—SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Description of Common Stock and Class B Convertible Common Stock
Except as described herein, shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock are identical.
Each holderThe holders of shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock vote together as a single class with respect to matters that may be submitted to a vote or for the consent of IAC's shareholders generally, including the election of directors. In connection with any such vote, each holder of IAC common stock is entitled to 1one vote for each share of IAC common stock held and each holder of IAC Class B common stock is entitled to 10ten votes for each share of IAC Class B common stock held. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holders of shares of IAC common stock, acting as a single class, are entitled to elect 25% of the total number of IAC's directors, and, in the event that 25% of the total number of directors shall result in a fraction of a director, then the holders of shares of IAC common stock, acting as a single class, are entitled to elect the next higher whole number of IAC's directors. In addition, Delaware law requires that certain matters be approved by the holders of shares of IAC common stock or holders of IAC Class B common stock voting as a separate class.
Shares of IAC Class B common stock are convertible into shares of IAC common stock at the option of the holder thereof, at any time, on a share-for-share basis. Such conversion ratio will in all events be equitably preserved in the event of any recapitalization of IAC by means of a stock dividend on, or a stock split or combination of, outstanding shares of IAC common stock or IAC Class B common stock, or in the event of any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of IAC with another corporation. Upon the conversion of shares of IAC Class B common stock into shares of IAC common stock, those shares of IAC Class B common stock will be retired and will not be subject to reissue. Shares of IAC common stock are not convertible into shares of IAC Class B common stock.
The holders of shares of IAC common stock and the holders of shares of IAC Class B common stock are entitled to receive, share for share, such dividends as may be declared by IAC's Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of IAC, the holders of shares of IAC common stock and the holders of shares of IAC Class B common stock are entitled to receive, share for share, all the assets of IAC available for distribution to its stockholders, after the rights of the holders of any IAC preferred stock have been satisfied.

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Equity Transactions related to the Spin-Off
In connection with the Spin-Off, IAC amended its certificate of incorporation to provide for the following:
the reclassification of each share of IAC par value $0.001 common stock into (i) one share of IAC par value $0.0001 common stock and (ii) 1/100th of a share of IAC par value $0.01 Series 1 mandatorily exchangeable preferred stock that was automatically exchanged for 1.6235 shares of Vimeo common stock and then immediately retired; and
the reclassification of each share of IAC par value $0.001 Class B common stock into (i) one share of IAC par value $0.0001 Class B common stock and (ii) 1/100th of a share of IAC par value $0.01 Series 2 mandatorily exchangeable preferred stock that was automatically exchanged for 1.6235 shares of Vimeo Class B common stock and then immediately retired.
Common Stock Repurchases
On June 30, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized repurchases up to 8.0 million shares of common stock. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, IAC repurchased 3.2 million and 1.1 million shares of its common stock, which is equal to the numberon a trade date basis, at an average price of shares that were available under the$51.00 and $77.44 per share, or $165.6 million and $85.3 million in aggregate, respectively. The Company did not repurchase authorization at Old IAC immediately prior to the MTCH Separation. Forany of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021 and for the period from the MTCH Separation through2021. At December 31, 2020 there were no repurchases of IAC common stock.2023, the Company has 3.7 million shares remaining in its share repurchase authorization.
NOTE 10—9—ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (LOSS)
The following tables present the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, (loss) and items reclassified outnet of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings:tax.
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Gains On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2023
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentForeign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Losses On Interest Rate SwapsUnrealized Gains (Losses) On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Balance at January 1Balance at January 1$(6,172)$$(6,170)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassificationsOther comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications527 (2)525 
Amounts reclassified to earningsAmounts reclassified to earnings10,032 — 10,032 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)10,559 (2)10,557 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss allocated to noncontrolling interests during the periodAccumulated other comprehensive loss allocated to noncontrolling interests during the period10 — 10 
Balance at December 31Balance at December 31$4,397 $— $4,397 
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Gains On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$(12,226)$— $(12,226)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications6,236 6,238 
Amounts reclassified to earnings(144)— (144)
Net current period other comprehensive income6,092 6,094 
Accumulated other comprehensive income allocated to noncontrolling interests during the period(38)— (38)
Balance at December 31$(6,172)$$(6,170)


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Year Ended December 31, 2019
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Gains On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$(12,543)$$(12,541)
Other comprehensive income (loss)337 (2)335 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)337 (2)335 
Accumulated other comprehensive income allocated to noncontrolling interests during the period(20)— (20)
Balance at December 31$(12,226)$— $(12,226)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Gains On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$4,397 $— $4,397 
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(17,636)53 (17,583)
Amounts reclassified to earnings42 — 42 
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income(17,594)53 (17,541)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss allocated to noncontrolling interests during the period11 — 11 
Balance at December 31$(13,186)$53 $(13,133)

Year Ended December 31, 2021
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrealized Gains (Losses) On Available-For-Sale Marketable Debt SecuritiesAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$(6,172)$$(6,170)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications527 (2)525 
Amounts reclassified to earnings10,032 — 10,032 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)10,559 (2)10,557 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss allocated to noncontrolling interests during the period10 — 10 
Balance at December 31$4,397 $— $4,397 
The amounts reclassified out of foreign currency translation adjustment into earnings for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 20202021 relate to the substantial liquidation of certain international subsidiaries.
At December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019,2023, there was $0.2 million of deferred income tax benefit related to unrealized losses on interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was less than $0.1 million of deferred income tax provision related to net unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable debt securities. At December 31, 2021, there was no income tax benefit or provision on the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). income.
NOTE 11—EARNINGS PER SHARE10—SEGMENT INFORMATION
The overall concept that the Company treatsemploys in determining its common stock and Class B common stockoperating segments is to present the financial information in a manner consistent with the CODM's view of the businesses. In addition, we consider how the businesses are organized as one class of stock for net earnings (loss) per share purposes as both classes of stock participate in earnings, dividends and other distributions on the same basis. The restricted stock award granted to our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") on November 5, 2020 is a participating securitysegment management and the Company calculates EPS usingfocus of the two-class method since those restricted sharesbusinesses with regards to the types of services or products offered or the target market. Operating segments are unvested and have a non-forfeitable dividend rightcombined for reporting purposes if they meet certain aggregation criteria, such as the Search segment, which principally relate to the similarity of their economic characteristics, or, in the eventcase of Emerging & Other, do not meet the Company declares a cash dividend on common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same mannerquantitative thresholds that require presentation as all other IAC common shares.
Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock is adjusted for the impact from our public subsidiary's dilutive securities, if applicable, and the reallocation of undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security by the weighted-average number of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities during the period.
The numerator and denominator of basic and diluted EPS computations for the Company’s common stock and Class B common stock are calculated as follows:separate reportable segments.

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 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic EPS:
Numerator:   
Net earnings from continuing operations$590,816 $289,867 $81,666 
Net loss (earnings) attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations8,748 726 (9,945)
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(20,160)— — 
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$579,404 $290,593 $71,721 
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$(1,831)$(21,281)$(49,483)
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations(186)414 657 
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security68 — — 
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$(1,949)$(20,867)$(48,826)
Net earnings attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$577,455 $269,726 $22,895 
Denominator:   
Weighted average basic IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
86,222 85,355 85,132 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$6.72 $3.40 $0.84 
Loss per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$(0.02)$(0.24)$(0.57)
Earnings per share attributable to IAC shareholders and Class B common stock shareholders$6.70 $3.16 $0.27 
The following table presents revenue by reportable segment:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Revenue   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$892,426 $931,482 $367,134 
Print823,456 1,026,128 92,002 
Intersegment eliminations(a)
(20,989)(22,911)(2,863)
Total Dotdash Meredith1,694,893 1,934,699 456,273 
Angi Inc.
Domestic:
Ads and Leads1,124,908 1,282,061 1,227,074 
Services118,033 381,256 289,948 
Total Domestic1,242,941 1,663,317 1,517,022 
International115,807 101,038 102,295 
Total Angi Inc.1,358,748 1,764,355 1,619,317 
Search629,038 731,431 873,346 
Emerging & Other695,057 823,465 753,203 
Intersegment eliminations(b)
(12,501)(18,670)(2,512)
Total$4,365,235 $5,235,280 $3,699,627 
_____________________

(a)
    Intersegment eliminations primarily relates to Dotdash Meredith Digital performance marketing commissions earned for the placement of magazine subscriptions for Print.
(b)    Intersegment eliminations primarily relates to advertising sold by Dotdash Meredith to other IAC owned businesses for periods following the acquisition of Meredith, and Ads and Leads revenue earned from sales to Roofing prior to its sale.
The following table presents the revenue of the Company's segments disaggregated by type of service:
Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital:
Advertising revenue$560,786 $621,714 $236,660 
Performance marketing revenue231,087 198,441 116,195 
Licensing and other revenue100,553 111,327 14,279 
Total Digital revenue892,426 931,482 367,134 
Print:
Subscription revenue329,357 422,700 34,634 
Advertising revenue203,210 260,282 13,678 
Project and other revenue128,354 154,807 16,414 
Newsstand revenue117,316 132,855 19,183 
Performance marketing revenue45,219 55,484 8,093 
Total Print revenue823,456 1,026,128 92,002 

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Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
(In thousands, except per share data)
Diluted EPS
Numerator:
Net earnings from continuing operations$590,816 $289,867 $81,666 
Net loss (earnings) attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations8,748 726 (9,945)
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(18,981)— — 
Impact from public subsidiary's dilutive securities (c)
406 71 — 
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$580,989 $290,664 $71,721 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax$(1,831)$(21,281)$(49,483)
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations(186)414 657 
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security64 — — 
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$(1,953)$(20,867)$(48,826)
Net earnings attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$579,036 $269,797 $22,895 
Denominator:
Weighted average basic IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
86,222 85,355 85,132 
Dilutive securities (b)(c)(d)(e)
5,606 5,593 — 
Denominator for earnings per share—weighted average shares (b)(c)(d(e)
91,828 90,948 85,132 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$6.33 $3.20 $0.84 
Loss per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$(0.02)$(0.23)$(0.57)
Earnings per share attributable to IAC Common Stock and Class B common stock shareholders$6.31 $2.97 $0.27 

(a)     On November 5, 2020, IAC's CEO was granted a stock-based award in the form of 3.0 million shares of restricted common stock. The number of shares that ultimately vests is subject to the satisfaction of growth targets in IAC's stock price over the 10-year service condition of the award. These restricted shares have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on its common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Accordingly, the two-class method of calculating EPS is used. While the restricted shares are presented as outstanding shares in the balance sheet, these shares are excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding in calculating basic EPS and the allocable portion of net earnings are also excluded. Fully diluted EPS reflects the impact on earnings and fully diluted shares in the manner that is most dilutive.
(b)     The Company computed basic and diluted EPS for periods prior to the MTCH Separation using the shares issued on June 30, 2020 in connection with the MTCH Separation.
(c)     IAC has the option to settle certain Angi Inc. stock-based awards in its shares. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 it is more dilutive for IAC to settle these Angi Inc. equity awards. The impact on net earnings relates to the settlement of Angi Inc.'s dilutive securities in IAC common shares.
Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Intersegment eliminations(a)
(20,989)(22,911)(2,863)
 Total Dotdash Meredith revenue$1,694,893 $1,934,699 $456,273 
Angi Inc.
Domestic:
 Ads and Leads:
Consumer connection revenue$781,089 $954,735 $898,422 
Advertising revenue290,799 265,466 252,206 
Membership subscription revenue52,305 60,411 68,062 
Other revenue715 1,449 8,384 
Total Ads and Leads revenue1,124,908 1,282,061 1,227,074 
Services revenue118,033 381,256 289,948 
Total Domestic revenue1,242,941 1,663,317 1,517,022 
International:
Consumer connection revenue92,635 71,851 68,686 
Service professional membership subscription revenue22,548 28,192 32,367 
Advertising and other revenue624 995 1,242 
Total International revenue115,807 101,038 102,295 
Total Angi Inc. revenue$1,358,748 $1,764,355 $1,619,317 
Search
Advertising revenue:
Google advertising revenue$582,481 $525,987 $675,892 
Non-Google advertising revenue44,068 200,435 183,427 
Total advertising revenue626,549 726,422 859,319 
Other revenue2,489 5,009 14,027 
Total Search revenue$629,038 $731,431 $873,346 
Emerging & Other
Subscription revenue$343,539 $368,401 $367,159 
Marketplace revenue226,612 261,314 243,970 
Roofing revenue90,557 137,509 68,028 
Media production and distribution revenue15,847 31,555 44,517 
Advertising revenue:
Non-Google advertising revenue12,568 16,057 19,047 
Google advertising revenue946 2,192 2,981 
Total advertising revenue13,514 18,249 22,028 
Service and other revenue4,988 6,437 7,501 
 Total Emerging & Other revenue$695,057 $823,465 $753,203 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(d)     IfRevenue by geography is based on where the effectcustomer is dilutive, weighted average common shares outstanding includelocated. Geographic information about revenue and long-lived assets is presented below:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Revenue:   
United States$3,798,229 $4,720,504 $3,184,653 
All other countries567,006 514,776 514,974 
Total$4,365,235 $5,235,280 $3,699,627 
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Long-lived assets (excluding goodwill and intangible assets):  
United States$743,914 $927,759 
All other countries10,964 11,015 
Total$754,878 $938,774 
The following tables present operating (loss) income and Adjusted EBITDA by reportable segment:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Operating (loss) income:   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital(c)
$(16,656)$(66,629)$73,980 
Print(d)
(3,500)(54,448)(6,527)
Other(e)(f)(g)
(130,582)(67,014)(60,277)
Total Dotdash Meredith(150,738)(188,091)7,176 
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads50,043 85,593 65,485 
Services(23,450)(95,166)(63,984)
Other(e)
(61,377)(61,794)(56,196)
International8,286 (4,253)(13,222)
Total Angi Inc.(26,498)(75,620)(67,917)
Search44,198 83,398 108,334 
Emerging & Other18,763 (156,839)(31,334)
Corporate(146,488)(137,619)(153,326)
Total$(260,763)$(474,771)$(137,067)
_____________________
(c)    Dotdash Meredith Digital operating loss for the incremental shares that would be issued uponyear ended December 31, 2022 includes $39.2 million of restructuring charges, of which a $7.0 million impairment charge is presented in "Depreciation" in the assumed exercisestatement of stock optionsoperations and, subsidiary denominated equity and vesting of restricted common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and market-based awards ("MSUs"). Fortherefore, is excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Restructuring charges included in Adjusted EBITDA are $32.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020, 3.0includes transaction-related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Meredith of $1.1 million and 3.1$25.2 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
(e)respectively. See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information on impairment and restructuring charges, respectively.

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(d)    Dotdash Meredith Print operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $33.4 million of restructuring charges and $1.4 million of transaction-related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Meredith. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information.
(e)    Other comprises unallocated corporate expenses.
(f)    Dotdash Meredith Other operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes impairment charges of $70.0 million related to unoccupied leased office space and the write-off of certain leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment of $4.2 million, of which $29.6 million is presented in "Depreciation" in the statement of operations and, therefore, is excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Impairment charges included in Adjusted EBITDA are $44.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for additional information on the grantimpairment charges.
(g)    Dotdash Meredith Other operating loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 includes transaction-related expenses in connection with the acquisition of IAC restricted common stock to its CEOMeredith of $4.7 million and equity instruments denominated$53.3 million, respectively, and includes $7.6 million of restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2022. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information.

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Adjusted EBITDA(h):
   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital(c)
$242,969 $186,696 $91,179 
Print(d)
64,226 31,135 2,639 
Other(e)(f)(g)
(84,438)(65,682)(60,196)
Total Dotdash Meredith222,757 152,149 33,622 
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads147,357 168,952 136,260 
Services8,123 (52,126)(48,203)
Other(e)
(50,076)(49,866)(46,066)
International13,074 (481)(6,615)
Total Angi Inc.118,478 66,479 35,376 
Search44,283 83,486 108,381 
Emerging & Other41,839 (23,043)25,872 
Corporate(90,873)(79,521)(95,985)
Total$336,484 $199,550 $107,266 
_____________________
(h)    The Company's primary financial and GAAP segment measure is Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as operating income: excluding: (1) stock-based compensation expense; (2) depreciation; and (3) acquisition-related items consisting of (i) amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets, if applicable, and (ii) gains and losses recognized on changes in the sharesfair value of contingent consideration arrangements.

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We consider operating (loss) income to be the financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP that is most directly comparable to our segment reporting performance measure, Adjusted EBITDA. The following tables reconcile operating (loss) income for the Company's reportable segments and net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders to Adjusted EBITDA:
 Year Ended December 31, 2023
 Operating (Loss) IncomeStock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Goodwill Impairment
Adjusted EBITDA(h)
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$(16,656)$8,159 $24,772 $226,694 $— $242,969 
Print(3,500)1,381 13,302 53,043 — 64,226 
Other(e)(f)
(130,582)13,961 32,183 — — (84,438)
Total Dotdash Meredith(150,738)23,501 70,257 279,737 — 222,757 
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads50,043 23,145 66,211 7,958 — 147,357 
Services(23,450)7,586 23,987 — — 8,123 
Other(e)
(61,377)11,301 — — — (50,076)
International8,286 1,382 3,406 — — 13,074 
Total Angi Inc.(26,498)43,414 93,604 7,958 — 118,478 
Search44,198 — 85 — — 44,283 
Emerging & Other18,763 1,805 3,996 8,275 9,000 41,839 
Corporate (i)
(146,488)48,461 7,154 — — (90,873)
Total(260,763)$117,181 $175,096 $295,970 $9,000 $336,484 
Interest expense(157,632)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International721,668 
Other income, net63,862 
Earnings before income taxes367,135 
Income tax provision(108,818)
Net earnings258,317 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests7,625 
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$265,942 
_____________________
(i)     Includes stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards granted to employees of Corporate, Search and all Emerging & Other businesses other than Vivian Health and Roofing.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Year Ended December 31, 2022
 Operating
(Loss) Income
Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Fair Value ArrangementsGoodwill Impairment
Adjusted EBITDA(h)
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital(c)
$(66,629)$20,596 $27,569 $205,772 $(612)$— $186,696 
Print(d)
(54,448)1,023 12,620 71,940 — — 31,135 
Other(e)(g)
(67,014)136 1,196 — — — (65,682)
Total Dotdash Meredith(188,091)21,755 41,385 277,712 (612)— 152,149 
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads85,593 19,972 52,737 10,650 — — 168,952 
Services(95,166)18,012 21,904 3,124 — — (52,126)
Other(e)
(61,794)11,928 — — — — (49,866)
International(4,253)890 2,882 — — — (481)
Total Angi Inc.(75,620)50,802 77,523 13,774 — — 66,479 
Search83,398 — 88 — — — 83,486 
Emerging & Other(156,839)2,373 2,438 16,232 — 112,753 (23,043)
Corporate(i)
(137,619)48,546 9,552 — — — (79,521)
Total(474,771)$123,476 $130,986 $307,718 $(612)$112,753 $199,550 
Interest expense(110,165)
Unrealized loss on investment in MGM Resorts International(723,515)
Other expense, net(217,785)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes(1,526,236)
Income tax benefit331,087 
Net loss from continuing operations(1,195,149)
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax2,694 
Net loss(1,192,455)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests22,285 
Net loss attributable to IAC shareholders$(1,170,170)

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Year Ended December 31, 2021
 Operating
Income
(Loss)
Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Fair Value Adjustments
Adjusted EBITDA(h)
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital(c)
$73,980 $1,438 $4,257 $11,512 $(8)$91,179 
Print(6,527)— 1,827 7,339 — 2,639 
Other(e)(g)
(60,277)— 81 — — (60,196)
Total Dotdash Meredith7,176 1,438 6,165 18,851 (8)33,622 
Angi Inc.
Ads and Leads65,485 12,722 46,025 12,028 — 136,260 
Services(63,984)4,672 7,049 4,060 — (48,203)
Other(e)
(56,196)10,121 — — (46,066)
International(13,222)656 5,951 — — (6,615)
Total Angi Inc.(67,917)28,171 59,025 16,097 — 35,376 
Search108,334 — 47 — — 108,381 
Emerging & Other(31,334)632 1,683 39,891 15,000 25,872 
Corporate(i)
(153,326)49,246 8,095 — — (95,985)
Total(137,067)$79,487 $75,015 $74,839 $14,992 $107,266 
Interest expense(34,264)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM Resorts International789,283 
Other income, net111,854 
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes729,806 
Income tax provision(138,990)
Net earnings from continuing operations590,816 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1,831)
Net earnings588,985 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests8,562 
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$597,547 
The following table presents capital expenditures by reportable segment:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Capital expenditures:   
Dotdash Meredith$10,370 $12,885 $4,823 
Angi Inc.47,780 115,479 69,909 
Search— 17 178 
Emerging & Other2,046 10,982 1,200 
Corporate81,168 390 14,100 
Total$141,364 $139,753 $90,210 
NOTE 11—DOTDASH MEREDITH RESTRUCTURING CHARGES, TRANSACTION-RELATED EXPENSES AND CHANGE-IN-CONTROL PAYMENTS
Restructuring Charges
During 2023, Dotdash Meredith continued to incur costs related to a voluntary retirement program announced in the first quarter of 2022 and recorded adjustments to previously accrued amounts related to a reduction in force plan, for which the related expenses were accrued primarily in the fourth quarter of 2022.
During 2022, Dotdash Meredith management committed to several actions to improve efficiencies and better align its cost structure following the acquisition of Meredith on December 1, 2021, which included: (i) the discontinuation of certain subsidiaries.print publications and the shutdown of PeopleTV, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in the first quarter of 2022, (ii) the aforementioned voluntary retirement program, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in the first half of 2022, (iii) the consolidation of certain leased office space, for which the related expense was reflected in the third quarter of 2022 and (iv) the aforementioned reduction in force plan. These actions resulted in $80.2 million of restructuring charges incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022.
A summary of the costs incurred, payments and related accruals is presented below. As of December 31, 2023, there are no expected remaining costs associated with the 2022 restructuring events.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Accrued December 31, 2022
Charges IncurredReversal of Initial CostPaymentsAccrued December 31, 2023Cumulative Charges Incurred
 (In thousands)
Digital$10,950 $1,371 $(1,827)$(10,021)$473 $38,769 
Print12,055 1,625 (1,645)(10,916)1,119 33,412 
Other(a)
4,389 678 (727)(4,042)298 7,532 
Total$27,394 $3,674 $(4,199)$(24,979)$1,890 $79,713 
_____________________
(a)    Other comprises unallocated corporate expenses, which are corporate overhead expenses not attributable to the Digital or Print segments.

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 Year Ended December 31, 2022
 Charges IncurredPayments
Non-cash(b)
Accrued December 31, 2022
 (In thousands)
Digital$39,225 $(6,966)$(21,309)$10,950 
Print33,432 (20,952)(425)12,055 
Other(a)
7,581 (3,192)— 4,389 
Total$80,238 $(31,110)$(21,734)$27,394 
_____________________
(b)    Includes $21.3 million of impairment charges, consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment included in "General and administrative expense" and "Depreciation" in the statement of operations, respectively, and $0.4 million related to the write-off of inventory. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for additional information on the impairment charges.
The costs are allocated as follows in the statement of operations:
Years Ended December 31,
20232022
 (In thousands)
Cost of revenue$744 $24,527 
Selling and marketing expense(1,300)17,174 
General and administrative expense(282)28,096 
Product development expense313 3,435 
Depreciation— 7,006 
Total$(525)$80,238 
Transaction-Related Expenses
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Dotdash Meredith incurred $7.1 million and $30.2 million, respectively, of transaction-related expenses related to the acquisition of Meredith, other than costs related to change-in-control payments.
Change-in-Control Payments
In December 2021, Dotdash Meredith recorded $60.1 million in change-in-control payments, which were triggered by the acquisition and the terms of certain former executives' contracts. During 2022, Dotdash Meredith made the final $87.4 million in change-in-control payments, which included amounts accrued in December 2021, as well as amounts previously accrued that became payable following the change-in-control.

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NOTE 12—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
IAC currently has one active plan (the "Plan") under which stock-based awards denominated in shares of or stock-based awards settleable in IAC common stock have been and may be granted. The Plan has a stated term of ten years. The Plan does not specify grant dates or vesting schedules of awards as those determinations have been delegated to the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of IAC's Board of Directors (the "Committee"). Each grant agreement reflects the vesting schedule for that grant as determined by the Committee. There are also outstanding stock-based awards that were granted under older plans that have since expired or been discontinued. The Plan provides for grants of stock options to acquire shares of IAC common stock (the exercise price of stock options granted will not be less than the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date), RSUs denominated in shares of IAC common stock, including those that may be linked to the achievement of the Company's stock price, known as market-based awards ("MSUs") and those that may be linked to the achievement of a performance target, known as performance-based awards ("PSUs"), restricted stock, as well as other equity awards, including those denominated or settleable in IAC shares. The Plan authorizes the Company to grant awards to its employees, officers, directors and consultants. At December 31, 2023, there are 31.0 million IAC common shares of stock reserved for future issuance under this plan.
IAC Denominated Stock-based Awards
IAC currently has 1 active plan (the "Plan") under which stock-based awards denominated in shares of IAC common stock have been and may be granted. This Plan was an Old IAC plan and was adopted by the Company and became effective upon the consummation of the MTCH Separation. The Plan has a stated term of ten years. The Plan does not specify grant dates or vesting schedules of awards as those determinations have been delegated to the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of IAC's Board of Directors (the "Committee"). Each grant agreement reflects the vesting schedule for that particular grant as determined by the Committee. There are also outstanding stock-based awards that were granted under older plans that have since expired or been discontinued. The Plan provides for grants of stock options to acquire shares of IAC common stock (the exercise price of stock options granted will not be less than the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date), RSUs denominated in shares of IAC common stock, including those that may be linked to the achievement of the Company's stock price, known as market-based awards ("MSUs") and those that may be linked to the achievement of a performance target, known as performance-based awards ("PSUs"), restricted stock, as well as other equity awards. The Plan authorizes the Company to grant awards to its employees, officers, directors and consultants. At December 31, 2021, there are 31.6 million shares of stock reserved for future issuance under this plan. This number reflects an adjustment to the number of shares originally authorized under the plan made in connection with the MTCH Separation and pursuant to the plan terms.
RSU awards currently outstanding generally cliff-vest after a three or five-year period in each case, from the grant date. All outstanding stock options are fully vested. There are no MSU or PSU awards outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The restricted stock award currently outstanding cliff vests on the ten-year anniversary of the November 5, 2020 grant date based on the satisfaction of IAC stock price targets and continued employment through the vesting date.
The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations is net of estimated forfeitures. The forfeiture rate is estimated at the grant date based on historical experience and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimated rate. The expense ultimately recorded is for the awards that vest. At December 31, 2021, there is $365.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 5.1 years.
The total income tax benefit recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 related to all stock-based compensation is $101.8 million, $198.3 million and $81.5 million, respectively.
The aggregate income tax benefit recognized related to the exercise of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, is $81.0 million, $165.8 million, and $64.0 million, respectively. As the Company is currently in a NOL position, there will be some delay in the timing of the realization of the cash benefit of the income tax deductions related to stock-based compensation because it is dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and the timing of estimated income tax payments.
IAC Restricted Common Stock
On November 5, 2020, the Company entered into a new, ten-year employment agreement and a Restricted Stock Agreement ("RSA Agreement") with Joseph Levin, IAC's Chief Executive Officer.Officer ("CEO"). The RSA Agreement provides for a grant of 3,000,000 shares of IAC restricted common stock that cliff vest on the ten-year anniversary of the grant date based on satisfaction of IAC's stock price targets and subject to Mr. Levin's continued employment through the vesting date.

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Mr. Levin may request an extension of the measurement and vesting period from 10 to 12 years and IAC will consider the request in light of the circumstances.
Mr. Levin may elect to accelerate vesting of the IAC restricted shares, effective on the 6th, 7th, 8th, or 9th anniversary of the grant date, in which case performance will be measured through such date, and Mr. Levin will receive a pro-rated portion of the award (based on the years elapsed from the grant date) and any remaining shares will be forfeited. The applicable stock price goals are proportionately lower on the earlier vesting dates.
The value of the restricted common stock grant was estimated using a lattice model that incorporates a Monte Carlo simulation of IAC's stock price. The fair value of the restricted common stock grant on November 5, 2020 was $61.06 per share. The total grant date fair value of the award was $183.2 million.
In connection with the Spin-off, pursuant to the RSA Agreement, the stock price targets of the IAC restricted stock award were adjusted to reflect the effect of the Spin-off and Vimeo entered into a separate restricted stock agreement granting Mr. Levin shares of Vimeo common stock subject to the same terms and conditions of the RSA Agreement except for the stock price targets for each respective award. The total fair value of the modified IAC restricted stock award and the new Vimeo restricted stock award was $228.3 million, of which $141.1 million was allocated to the IAC restricted stock award and $87.3 million was allocated to the Vimeo restricted stock award. Both awards were estimated using a lattice model that incorporated a Monte Carlo simulation of IAC's and Vimeo's stock price on the modification date. In connection with the modified IAC restricted stock award, $10.1 million of expense had previously been recorded prior to the Spin-off and $131.0$131.0 million of expense is to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. At December 31, 2023, there is $94.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost that is left to be recognized related to this award.
IAC Restricted Stock Units
RSU awards currently outstanding generally cliff-vest after a five-year period or vest over a four-year period from the grant date. There are no MSU or PSU awards outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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RSUs are awards in the form of phantom shares or units denominated in a hypothetical equivalent number of shares of IAC common stock and with the value of each RSU equal to the fair value of IAC common stock at the date of grant. Each RSU grant is subject to service-based vesting, where a specific period of continued employment must pass before an award vests. The expense is measured at the grant date as the fair value of IAC common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term.
Unvested RSUs outstanding at December 31, 20212023 and changes during the period ended December 31, 20212023 are as follows:
RSUs
 Number
of Shares
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 (Shares in thousands)
Unvested at January 11,503 $107.62 
Granted35 208.18 
Vested(176)34.71 
Forfeited(5)144.39 
Unvested at May 24, 2021 prior to the Spin-off adjustment1,357 120.01 
Unvested at May 25, 2021 after the Spin-off adjustment2,039 79.85 
Granted30 127.77 
Vested(136)69.80 
Forfeited(387)86.47 
Unvested at December 311,546 $80.38 
In connection to the Spin-off, all RSU awards outstanding immediately prior to the Spin-off were converted into a new RSU award with the number of shares under each new award adjusted by a ratio of 1.503 to preserve their fair value immediately before and immediately after the conversion with the same terms and conditions (including applicable vesting requirements) of the original award.

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RSUs
 Number
of Shares
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 (Shares in thousands)
Unvested at January 11,458 $93.29 
Granted499 53.41 
Vested(88)94.72 
Forfeited(47)94.55 
Unvested at December 311,822 $82.28 
RSU awards are settled on a net basis, with the award holder entitled to receive IAC shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting less a number of shares with a value equal to the required cash tax withholding payment, which will be paid by the Company. The number of IAC common shares that would be required to net settle RSUs outstanding at February 11, 20229, 2024 is 0.9 million shares. In addition, withholding taxes, which will be paid by the Company on behalf of the employees upon vesting, would have been $108.6$43.5 million at February 11, 2022,9, 2024, assuming a 50% withholding rate.
The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted for the yearyears ended December 31, 20212023, 2022 and for the period from the MTCH Separation through December 31, 2020,2021, based on market prices of IAC's common stock on the grant date, was $171.53$53.41, $114.27 and $128.82,$171.53, respectively.
The total fair value of RSUs that vested for the yearyears ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $8.3 million, $12.7 million and for the period from the MTCH Separation through December 31, 2020 was $15.9 million, and $3.8 million, respectively. During 2020, all outstanding MSUs vested. The total fair value of MSUs that vested for the period from the MTCH Separation through December 31, 2020 was $43.6 million.
IAC Stock Options
All outstanding stock options are fully vested.
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 20212023 and changes during the period ended December 31, 20212023 are as follows:
 December 31, 2021
 SharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 (Shares and intrinsic value in thousands)
Options Outstanding at January 13,909 $21.08 
Granted— — 
Exercised(89)19.09 
Forfeited— — 
Expired— — 
Options outstanding at May 24, 2021 prior to the Spin-off adjustment3,820 21.12 
Options outstanding at May 25, 2021 after the Spin-off adjustment3,820 14.05 
Granted— — 
Exercised(924)14.27 
Forfeited— — 
Expired— — 
Options Outstanding at December 312,896 $13.98 3.9$338,005 
Options exercisable2,896 $13.98 3.9$338,005 
In connection with the Spin-off, IAC denominated stock options were converted into stock options to purchase IAC common stock and stock options to purchase Vimeo common stock in a manner that preserved the spread value of the stock options immediately before and immediately after the adjustment, with the allocation between the two stock options based on the value of a share of IAC common stock relative to the value of a share of Vimeo common stock multiplied by the spin-off exchange ratio of 1.6235.
 December 31, 2023
 SharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 (Shares and intrinsic value in thousands)
Options Outstanding at January 12,822 $14.05 
Granted— — 
Exercised(252)(12.23)
Forfeited— — 
Expired— — 
Options Outstanding at December 312,570 $14.23 1.9$98,053 
Options exercisable2,570 $14.23 1.9$98,053 

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The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between IAC's closing stock price on the last trading day of 20212023 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options that would have been exercised had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2021.2023. The total intrinsic value of IAC stock options exercised during the yearyears ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and for the period from the MTCH Separation through December 31, 2020 is $135.1was $11.3 million, $3.4 million and $74.8$135.1 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021:2023:
Options OutstandingOptions Exercisable Options OutstandingOptions Exercisable
Range of Exercise PricesRange of Exercise PricesOutstanding at
December 31,
2021
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life in Years
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Exercisable at
December 31,
2021
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life in Years
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Range of Exercise PricesOutstanding at December 31, 2023Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life in YearsWeighted- Average Exercise PriceExercisable at December 31, 2023Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life in YearsWeighted- Average Exercise Price
(Shares in thousands) (Shares in thousands)
Less than $10.00Less than $10.00567 4.1$8.57 567 4.1$8.57 
$10.01 to $15.00$10.01 to $15.00712 3.313.60 712 3.313.60 
$15.01 to $20.00$15.01 to $20.001,613 4.116.04 1,613 4.116.04 
Greater than $20.01Greater than $20.015.621.17 5.621.17 
2,570
2,896 3.9$13.98 2,896 3.9$13.98 
2,570
2,570
The fair value of stock option awards, with the exception of market-based awards, is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model incorporates various assumptions, including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term.
The Company has the discretion to settle IAC stock options net of withholding tax and exercise price or require the award holder to pay its share of the withholding tax, which he or she may do so by selling IAC common shares. The aggregate intrinsic value of IAC's stock options outstanding as of February 11, 2022, is $345.69, 2024, is $99.3 million. Assuming all stock options outstanding on February 11, 20229, 2024 were net settled on that date, the Company would have issued issue1.3d 0.9 millioncommon shares and would have remitted $172.8remitted $49.6 million in cash for withholding taxes (assuming a 50% withholding rate). Assuming all stock options outstanding on February 11, 20229, 2024 were settled through the issuance of a number of IAC common shares equal to the number of stock options exercised, the Company would have issued issu2.9ed 2.6 million co commonmmon shares and would have received $40.5received $36.5 million in cash proceeds.
Stock-based Awards Denominated in the Shares of Certain Subsidiaries
Non-publicly-tradedNon-publicly traded Subsidiaries
The following description excludes awards denominated in Angi Inc. shares.

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The Company has granted stock settled stock appreciation rights to employees and management that are denominated in the equity of certain non-publicly-tradednon-publicly traded subsidiaries of the Company. These equity awards vest over a period of years or upon the occurrence of certain prescribed events. The value of the stock settled stock appreciation rights is tied to the value of the common stock of these subsidiaries. Accordingly, these interests only have value to the extent the relevant business appreciates in value above the initial value utilized to determine the exercise price. These interests can have significant value in the event of significant appreciation. The fair value of these interest is generally determined by the Board of Directors of the applicable subsidiary, which will occur at various dates through 2029. These equity awards are settled on a net basis, with the award holder entitled to receive a payment in IAC common shares equal to the intrinsic value of the award at exercise less an amount equal to the required cash tax withholding payment, which will be paid by the Company. The number of IAC common shares ultimately needed to settle these awards may vary significantly from the estimated number below as a result of both movements in our stock price and a determination of fair value of the relevant subsidiary that is different than our estimate. The expense associated with these equity awards is initially measured at fair value at the grant date and is expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term. The number of IAC common shares that would be required to settle these interests at current estimated fair values, including vested and unvested interests, at February 11, 20229, 2024 is is 0.2 million shsares.hares. Withholding taxes, which will be paid by the Company on behalf of the employees upon exercise, would have bbeeeen $26.8n $10.4 million at February 11, 20229, 2024, assuming a 50% withholding rate.

Angi Inc.
Angi Inc. currently settles all of its equity awards on a net basis. Certain Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights issued prior to the transaction resulting in formation of Angi Inc. in 2017 (the "Combination") are settleable in either shares of Angi Inc. common stock or shares of IAC common stock at IAC's option. If settled in IAC common stock, Angi Inc. reimburses IAC in shares of its common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value ofAt February 9, 2024 these awards outstanding at February 11, 2022 is $5.3 million, assuming these awards were net settled on that date,are out of the withholding taxes that would be payable by Angi Inc. are $2.7 million, assuming a 50% withholding rate,money and Angi Inc. would have issued 0.3 million shares. no intrinsic value. Certain equity awards denominated in shares of Angi Inc.'s subsidiaries may be settled in either shares of Angi Inc. common stock or IAC common stock at IAC's option. To the extent shares of IAC common stock are issued in settlement of these awards, Angi Inc. is obligated to reimburse IAC for the cost of those shares by issuing shares of Angi Inc. common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of all other Angi Inc. equity awards, including stock options, RSUs and subsidiary denominated equity at February 11, 2022 9, 2024 is $67.4 million; $131.7 million; assuming these awards were net settled on that date, the withholding taxes that would be payable by Angi Inc. on behalf of the employees are are $65.0$32.5 million, assuming assuming a 50% withholding rate, and Angi Inc. would have issuissed 7.7ued 14.1 million shares of its common stock.
ModificationForfeitures and Unrecognized Compensation Cost
The amount of awards
During 2020, the Company modified certain equity awards in connection with the MTCH Separation and recognized a modification charge of $56.6 million, of which $55.7 million was recognized as stock-based compensation expense recognized in the year endedstatement of operations is net of estimated forfeitures. The forfeiture rate is estimated at the grant date based on historical experience and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimated rate. The expense ultimately recorded is for the awards that vest. At December 31, 2020 and the remaining charge will2023, there is $269.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over the vestinga weighted average period of the modified awards. In addition, certain other equity awards were modified during 2020 resulting in modification charges of $20.5 millionapproximately 3.9 years.
Tax Benefits
The total income tax benefit recognized in the aggregate,statement of which $14.1 million was recorded by Angi Inc.
During 2019, certain equity awards were modified resulting in modification charges of $12.9 million.
In connection with the Combination, the previously issued HomeAdvisor (US) stock appreciation rights were converted into Angi Inc. equity awards resulting in a modification charge of $217.7 million of which $0.9 million, $21.1 million and $29.0 million were recognized as stock-based compensation expense inoperations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020related to all stock-based compensation expense is $17.2 million, $20.0 million and 2019,$101.8 million, respectively. At
The aggregate income tax benefit recognized related to the exercise of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there is no expense remaining$4.0 million, $1.7 million, and $81.0 million, respectively. There may be some delay in the timing of the realization of the cash benefit of the income tax deductions related to this modification.stock-based compensation because it will be dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and the timing of estimated income tax payments.

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NOTE 13—SEGMENT INFORMATIONPENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
The overall concept thatPension and Postretirement Plans
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company employsassumed the obligations under Meredith’s various pension plans. The plans include U.S. noncontributory pension plans that cover substantially all employees who were employed by Meredith prior to January 1, 2018. There are two international pension plans in determining its operating segments isthe U.K., including the IPC Plan. The international plans have no active participants. The two U.S. and two U.K. plans consist of a qualified (funded) plan and a nonqualified (unfunded) plan in each country. These plans provide participants with retirement benefits in accordance with benefit provision formulas. The nonqualified pension plans provide retirement benefits to presentcertain highly compensated employees. The Company also assumed Meredith's defined healthcare and life insurance plans that provide benefits to eligible employees upon their retirement.
On July 28, 2022, following approval by the financial information in a manner consistent with the chief operating decision maker's viewtrustees of the businesses.IPC Plan, the IPC Plan entered into an annuity contract with a private limited life insurance company covering all IPC Plan participants who were not covered by an annuity contract entered into in May 2020. The annuity contracts are designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants until the annuity contracts are settled. The value of the annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match (i.e., the full benefits have been annuitized). The Company remains responsible for paying pension benefits to the IPC Plan participants. While the Company currently does not expect to be required to make additional contributions to the IPC Plan, this may change based upon future events or as additional information becomes available.
On September 13, 2022, the board of directors of Meredith voted unanimously to freeze and terminate the U.S. funded pension plan effective December 31, 2022. All participants in this plan on the termination date continue as participants in the plan with respect to their accrued benefits until their accrued benefits are distributed to them or their beneficiaries. In addition, we consider how the businesses are organized asparticipant's covered compensation was frozen effective December 31, 2022. Participants no longer receive a benefit credit under the plan, but participants continue to segment management andreceive interest credits pursuant to the focusterms of the businesses with regardsplan. The Company does not expect to have to make any contributions to the types of services or products offered or the target market. Operating segments are combined for reporting purposes if they meet certain aggregation criteria, which principally relate to the similarity of their economic characteristics, which is the case for the Desktop and Ask Media Group operating segmentsplan in the Search reportable segment, or, in the case of the Emerging & Other reportable segment, do not meet the quantitative thresholds that require presentation as separate reportable segments. The determination of operating segments for Meredith is not yet complete; therefore, it is possible that a lower level of segment reporting may be required for Meredith.
The following table presents revenue by reportable segment:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Revenue:   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$367,134 $213,753 $167,594 
Print92,002 — — 
Intra-segment eliminations(a)
(2,863)— — 
Total Dotdash Meredith456,273 213,753 167,594 
Angi Inc.1,685,438 1,467,925 1,326,205 
Search873,346 613,274 742,184 
Emerging & Other685,175 469,759 274,107 
Inter-segment eliminations(605)(175)(110)
Total$3,699,627 $2,764,536 $2,509,980 
The following table presents the revenue of the Company's segments disaggregated by type of service:
Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital:
Display advertising revenue$236,660 $137,455 $126,350 
Performance marketing revenue116,195 76,298 41,244 
Licensing and other revenue14,279 — — 
Total digital revenue367,134 213,753 167,594 
Print:
Subscription revenue34,634 — — 
Newsstand revenue19,183 — — 
Project and other revenue16,414 — — 
Advertising revenue13,678 — — 
Performance marketing revenue8,093 — — 
Total print revenue92,002 — — 
Intra-segment eliminations(a)
(2,863)— — 
 Total Dotdash Meredith revenue$456,273 $213,753 $167,594 
future due to its termination and over funded status.

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Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
(a) Includes $2.8 million of intra-segment eliminations related to digital performance marketing revenue.
Angi Inc.
North America
Angi Ads and Leads:
Consumer connection revenue(b)
$896,711 $899,175 $867,307 
Advertising revenue(c)
252,010 226,505 214,259 
Membership subscription revenue(d)
68,062 74,073 92,975 
Other revenue27,812 33,136 23,844 
Total Angi Ads and Leads revenue1,244,595 1,232,889 1,198,385 
Angi Services revenue(e)
357,976 162,539 51,507 
Total North America revenue1,602,571 1,395,428 1,249,892 
Europe
Consumer connection revenue(f)
68,686 57,692 59,611 
Service professional membership subscription revenue12,939 13,091 14,231 
Advertising and other revenue1,242 1,714 2,471 
Total Europe revenue82,867 72,497 76,313 
Total Angi Inc. revenue$1,685,438 $1,467,925 $1,326,205 
(b) Includes fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches through Angi Ads and Leads platforms.
(c) Includes revenue from service professionals under contract for advertising.
(d) Includes membership subscription revenue from service professionals and consumers.
(e) Includes revenue from pre-priced offerings and revenue from Angi Roofing.
(f) Includes fees paid by service professionals for consumer matches.
Search
Advertising revenue:
Google advertising revenue$675,892 $506,077 $678,438 
Non-Google advertising revenue183,427 90,286 47,583 
Total advertising revenue859,319 596,363 726,021 
Other revenue14,027 16,911 16,163 
Total Search revenue$873,346 $613,274 $742,184 
Emerging & Other
Subscription revenue$367,159 $303,482 $194,362 
Marketplace revenue243,816 138,726 38,950 
Media production and distribution revenue44,517 3,585 8,897 
Advertising revenue:
Non-Google advertising revenue19,047 16,236 23,372 
Google advertising revenue2,981 3,130 4,486 
Total advertising revenue22,028 19,366 27,858 
Service and other revenue7,655 4,600 4,040 
 Total Emerging & Other revenue$685,175 $469,759 $274,107 
Obligations and Funded Status
Change in Net Assets/Liabilities
Thefollowingtablespresentchangesin,andcomponentsof,the Company's netassets/liabilitiesforpensionandotherpostretirementbenefits:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022
 PensionPost-RetirementPensionPost-Retirement
DomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomestic
 (In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning of year$72,988 $467,829 $4,473 $166,800 $790,663 $10,808 
Acquisition and related fair value adjustments(a)
— — — 23,345 — — 
Service cost211 — 3,562 — 
Interest cost3,140 19,610 231 4,372 15,014 262 
Net actuarial gain(49)(6,420)(496)(7,262)(210,284)(3,717)
Benefits paid (including lump sums)(19,568)(17,796)36 (9,105)(15,521)150 
Settlements— — — (96,100)(34,374)(3,037)
Curtailment gain— — — (3,060)— — 
Plan transfer(b)
— — — (9,564)— — 
Foreign currency exchange rate impact— 25,046 — — (77,669)— 
Benefit obligation, end of year$56,722 $488,269 $4,248 $72,988 $467,829 $4,473 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year$78,199 $467,891 $— $132,326 $1,015,274 $— 
Acquisition and related fair value adjustments(a)
— — — 18,596 — — 
Actual return on plan assets2,765 13,728 — (12,657)(397,417)— 
Employer contributions612 163 — 44,221 122 — 
Benefits paid (including lump sums)(19,568)(17,796)— (9,105)(15,521)— 
Settlements— — — (95,182)(34,374)— 
Foreign currency exchange rate impact— 24,715 — — (100,193)— 
Fair value of plan assets, end of year$62,008 $488,701 $— $78,199 $467,891 $— 
Over (under) funded status, end of year$5,286 $432 $(4,248)$5,211 $62 $(4,473)
_____________________
(a)     All pension and postretirement plans were acquired with the acquisition of Meredith on December 1, 2021. The purchase accounting for the acquisition of Meredith was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022.
(b)    Obligations associated with certain former Meredith Corporation employees were transferred during 2022 to the third-party that purchased the entity on December 1, 2021.

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Revenue by geography is based on where the customer is located. Geographic information about revenue
Benefits paid directly from Dotdash Meredith assets are included both in employer contributions and long-lived assets is presented below:benefits paid.
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Revenue:   
United States$3,184,653 $2,309,504 $1,997,662 
All other countries514,974 455,032 512,318 
Total$3,699,627 $2,764,536 $2,509,980 
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Long-lived assets (excluding goodwill, intangible assets and ROU assets):  
United States$562,628 $263,620 
All other countries7,897 11,310 
Total$570,525 $274,930 
Domestic Plans
The following tables present operating income (loss)Company froze and Adjusted EBITDAterminated the domestic funded plan as of December 31, 2022. The termination process requires certain customary regulatory approvals, which are forthcoming. The decision to freeze and terminate the plan shifted the investment strategy to preserve the over funded status of the plan until the eventual distribution to the plan participants. This strategy preserved the net over funded status of the domestic plans as of December 31, 2023.
The over funded status as of December 31, 2022 was the result of a series of changes to the domestic plans during 2022. The acquisition of Meredith in 2021 triggered settlement of the entire benefit obligation of one of the two unfunded plans during 2022. This plan was paid out in its entirety as was a substantial portion of the benefit obligations of the other unfunded plan. These payments are included in the $96.1 million of settlements in the table above. See "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments" for additional information on the change-in-control payments. For the funded plan, higher interest rates and losses on equity securities led to a decrease in plan assets; and the higher interest rates reduced plan obligations. The gains realized on the plan's obligation did not offset the loss on assets, resulting in an overall loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, during 2022, the funded plan realized a curtailment gain as a result of the benefit freeze of the plan discussed above, but this gain was nearly offset by reportable segment:a loss realized for the measurement of the plan on a termination basis. The net actuarial gain included in the change in benefit obligation for the domestic postretirement plans for the year ended December 31, 2022 is the result of demographic shifts in the covered participants.
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Operating income (loss):   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$73,980 $50,241 $29,021 
Print(6,527)— — 
Other(60,277)— — 
Total Dotdash Meredith7,176 50,241 29,021 
Angi Inc.(76,513)(6,368)38,645 
Search108,334 (248,711)122,347 
Emerging & Other(22,738)(70,896)(21,790)
Corporate(153,326)(261,929)(162,489)
Total$(137,067)$(537,663)$5,734 
International Plans
The international pension plans primarily consist of the IPC Plan. All IPC Plan participants are covered by the annuity contracts referenced above, which are held with a private limited life insurance company. As described above, the full benefits under the plan have been annuitized, which resulted in the limited change in the funded status of the international plans during the year ended December 31, 2023. The overall loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was due to the impact of higher interest rates with the decline in the value of assets exceeding the benefit of the reduction in the plan obligation.

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 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Adjusted EBITDA:(g)
   
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$91,179 $66,206 $39,601 
Print$2,639 $— $— 
Other$(60,196)$— $— 
Angi Inc.$27,865 $172,804 $202,297 
Search$108,381 $51,344 $124,163 
Emerging & Other$33,383 $(37,699)$(28,368)
Corporate$(95,985)$(147,433)$(88,465)
Balance Sheet Classification

(g) The Company's primary financial measure is Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as operating income excluding: (1) stock-based compensation expense; (2) depreciation; and (3) acquisition-related items consisting of (i) amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets, if applicable, and (ii) gains and lossesfollowing amounts are recognized on changes in the fair valueDecember 31, 2023 and 2022 balance sheet, respectively:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022
 PensionPostretirementPensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomestic
 (In thousands)
Other current assets
Prepaid benefit cost$— $4,850 $— $— $— $— 
Other non-current assets
Prepaid benefit cost10,225 — — 9,561 4,358 — 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued benefit liability(1,430)(4,418)(433)(698)(127)(475)
Other long-term liabilities
Accrued benefit liability(3,509)— (3,815)(3,652)(4,169)(3,998)
Net amount recognized$5,286 $432 $(4,248)$5,211 $62 $(4,473)
The accumulated benefit obligation for the domestic defined benefit pension plans was $56.1 million and $72.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for the international defined benefit pension plans was $488.3 million and $467.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Accumulated and Projected Benefit Obligations
The following table provides information about pension plans with projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of contingent consideration arrangements.plan assets:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022
DomesticInternationalDomesticInternational
 (In thousands)
Projected benefit obligation$4,939 $4,419 $4,350 $4,296 
Accumulated benefit obligation$4,290 $4,419 $3,831 $4,296 
Fair value of plan assets$— $— $— $— 

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Costs
The following tables reconcile operating (loss) incomecomponents of net periodic benefit cost (credit) recognized in the statement of operations were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPost-RetirementPensionPost-RetirementPensionPost-Retirement
DomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomestic
(In thousands)
Service cost$211 $— $$3,562 $— $$368 $— $
Interest cost3,140 19,610 231 4,372 15,014 262 224 981 22 
Expected return on plan assets(1,881)(19,586)— (2,748)(16,857)— (564)(1,640)— 
Actuarial (gain) loss recognition(932)(225)(496)8,154 208,957 (3,717)(2,480)9,724 (132)
Settlement— — — (918)— (3,037)— — — 
Contractual termination benefits— — — — — — 11,785 — — 
Curtailment gain— — — (3,060)— — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$538 $(201)$(261)$9,362 $207,114 $(6,485)$9,333 $9,065 $(109)
For the international plans, the actuarial loss for the Company's reportable segmentsyear ended December 31, 2022 is the result of the decrease in the net asset position due to higher interest rates described above. For the domestic pension and postretirement plans, the curtailment and settlement gains during the year ended December 31, 2022 were triggered by the freeze and termination events described above.
The contractual termination benefit charges for the domestic plans for the year ended December 31, 2021 were related to change-in-control agreements for six executives. The change-in-control payments were triggered by IAC's acquisition of Meredith. The employment agreements for the covered executives provided for immediate vesting in any unvested benefits, as well as an additional three years of continued service, age and pay credit in each of the pension plans in which they were participants. These payments are further discussed in "Note 11—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments."
The components of net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders to Adjusted EBITDA:periodic benefit cost (credit), other than the service cost component, are included in "Other income (expense), net" in the statement of operations.
 Year Ended December 31, 2021
 Operating
Income (Loss)
Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Fair Value AdjustmentsAdjusted EBITDA
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith
Digital$73,980 $1,438 $4,257 $11,512 $(8)$91,179 
Print(6,527)$— $1,827 $7,339 $— $2,639 
Other(60,277)$— $81 $— $— $(60,196)
Angi Inc.(76,513)$28,702 $59,246 $16,430 $— $27,865 
Search108,334 $— $47 $— $— $108,381 
Emerging & Other(22,738)$101 $1,462 $39,558 $15,000 $33,383 
Corporate (h)
(153,326)$49,246 $8,095 $— $— $(95,985)
Total(137,067)
Interest expense(34,264)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM789,283 
Other income, net111,854 
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes729,806 
Income tax provision(138,990)
Net earnings from continuing operations590,816 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1,831)
Net earnings588,985 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests8,562 
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$597,547 
Assumptions
Benefit obligations were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:

Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022
 PensionPostretirementPensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomestic
Discount rate5.19 %4.06 %5.11 %5.41 %4.13 %5.46 %
Rate of compensation increase2.90 %N/A3.50 %2.99 %N/A3.50 %
Cash balance interest credit rate2.39 %N/AN/A2.39 %N/AN/A


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 Year Ended December 31, 2020
 Operating
Income
(Loss)
Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Fair Value ArrangementsGoodwill ImpairmentAdjusted
EBITDA
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith$50,241 $— $1,794 $14,171 $— $— $66,206 
Angi Inc.(6,368)$83,649 $52,621 $42,902 $— $— $172,804 
Search(248,711)$— $2,709 $32,200 $— $265,146 $51,344 
Emerging & Other(70,896)$100 $2,449 $37,566 $(6,918)$— $(37,699)
Corporate (h)
(261,929)$105,246 $9,250 $— $— $— $(147,433)
Total(537,663)
Interest expense(16,166)
Unrealized gain on investment in MGM840,550 
Other expense, net(42,561)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes244,160 
Income tax benefit45,707 
Net earnings from continuing operations289,867 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(21,281)
Net earnings268,586 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests1,140 
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$269,726 
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:

Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPost-RetirementPensionPost-RetirementPensionPost-Retirement
DomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomesticDomesticInternationalDomestic
Discount rate5.48 %4.13 %5.46 %3.28 %1.67 %2.61 %2.02 %1.40 %2.52 %
Expected return on plan assets4.48 %4.12 %N/A2.80 %1.90 %N/A6.00 %1.90 %N/A
Rate of compensation increase2.99 %N/A3.50 %2.95 %N/A3.50 %2.90 %N/A3.50 %
Cash balance interest credit rate2.39 %N/AN/A3.65 %N/AN/A2.04 %N/AN/A

The assumed healthcare trend rates used to measure the expected cost of benefits were as follows:

Postretirement
202320222021
Initial level6.00 %6.25 %6.50 %
Ultimate level5.00 %5.00 %5.00 %
Years to ultimate level456

Since the Company utilizes the mark-to-market approach to account for pension and postretirement benefits, the expected long-term rate of return on assets has no effect on the overall amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) recorded for the year. For 2024, the expectation for the U.K. annuity contracts represents the implied yields for those contracts, while for the domestic plan it represents the expected yield on the short-term fixed income securities held.
The value (market-related value) of plan assets is multiplied by the expected long-term rate of return on assets to compute the expected return on plan assets, a component of net periodic benefit cost (credit). The market-related value of plan assets is fair value.
Plan Assets
The targeted and actual asset allocation for investments held by the Company’s pension plans are solely attributable to securities other than equity or fixed income securities. The investments held by the Company’s pension plans as of December 31, 2023 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. The investments held by the Company’s pension plans as of December 31, 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts, U.S. Treasury securities and cash and cash equivalents.
Due to the decision to freeze and terminate the U.S. funded pension plan in 2022, the plan fiduciaries shifted the investment strategy to seek to preserve capital to protect the strong funded status, manage liquidity to align with potential benefit commencements and optimize yield to take advantage of the rising interest rate environment. The plan initially adopted a fixed income ladder investment strategy through which most of the plan assets were invested in U.S. Treasury securities of various maturities and a money market fund that invests mostly in U.S. Treasury securities. During 2023, principally all of the plan assets were reinvested in the money market fund as the U.S. Treasury securities matured in an effort to increase liquidity. These cash and cash equivalents that represent the investment balance in the U.S. represent Level 1 fair value measurements. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.
The investments of the IPC Plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. Refer to further discussion of the insurance annuity contracts above.

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 Year Ended December 31, 2019
 Operating
Income
(Loss)
Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
DepreciationAmortization
of Intangibles
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Fair Value AdjustmentsGoodwill ImpairmentAdjusted EBITDA
 (In thousands)
Dotdash Meredith$29,021 $— $974 $9,606 $— $— $39,601 
Angi Inc.38,645 $68,255 $39,915 $55,482 $— $— $202,297 
Search122,347 $— $1,816 $— $— $— $124,163 
Emerging & Other(21,790)$— $715 $9,127 $(19,738)$3,318 $(28,368)
Corporate (h)
(162,489)$61,973 $12,051 $— $— $— $(88,465)
Total5,734 
Interest expense(11,904)
Other income, net40,487 
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes34,317 
Income tax benefit47,349 
Net earnings from continuing operations81,666 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(49,483)
Net earnings32,183 
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests(9,288)
Net earnings attributable to IAC shareholders$22,895 

(h) Includes stock-based compensation expenseFair value measurements for awards denominatedthe international pension plan assets were as follows:
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$8,199 $— $— $8,199 
Fixed income— — 399 399 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 480,103 480,103 
Total assets at fair value$8,199 $— $480,502 $488,701 
 December 31, 2022
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$7,613 $— $— $7,613 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 460,278 460,278 
Total assets at fair value$7,613 $— $460,278 $467,891 
The annuity contracts held by the IPC Plan are valued using significant unobservable inputs. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the three levels in the shareshierarchy of certain subsidiaries of the Company.fair values.
The following table presents capital expenditures by reportable segment:provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Capital expenditures:   
Dotdash Meredith$4,823 $5,445 $— 
Angi Inc.70,215 52,488 68,804 
Search178 47 43 
Emerging & Other894 1,363 387 
Corporate14,100 1,383 25,863 
Total$90,210 $60,726 $95,097 
 December 31,
20232022
 (In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$460,278 $313,095 
Purchases— 440,606 
Settlements(17,378)(13,206)
Change in fair value12,915 (237,248)
Foreign currency translation24,253 (42,969)
Other434 — 
Balance at end of year$480,502 $460,278 
There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 investments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
NOTE 14—LEASESCash Flows
The Company leases office space, land, data center facilitiesdoes not have a minimum funding requirement for the qualified domestic pension plan in 2024 and equipment useddoes not expect to have to make any contributions to the plan in connection withthe future due to its operations under various operating leases, the majority of which contain escalation clauses.termination.

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ROU assets representWhile the Company’s rightCompany currently does not expect to usebe required to make any additional contributions to the underlying assetsIPC Plan, the Company has deposited amounts into an escrow account for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the present valuebenefit of the Company’s obligationIPC Plan that total £5.6 million at December 31, 2023.
The following benefit payments, which will primarily be made from the funded plans, are expected to make payments arising from these leases. ROU assets and related lease liabilities are based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term using the Company's and certain of its subsidiaries' respective incremental borrowing rates on the lease commencement date, January 1, 2019 for leases that commenced prior to that date, or, in the case of acquisitions subsequent to January 1, 2019, the date of acquisition (see "Note 5—Business Combinations" for additional information regarding the provisional nature of amounts recorded for the acquisition of Meredith). The Company combines the lease and non-lease components of lease payments in determining ROU assets and related lease liabilities. If the lease includes one or more options to extend the term of the lease, the renewal option is considered in the lease term if it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option(s). Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. As permitted by ASC 842, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less ("short-term leases") are not recorded on the balance sheet.
Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, utilities and taxes, which are not included in the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
December 31,
LeasesBalance Sheet Classification20212020
(In thousands)
Assets:
Right-of-use assets(a)
Other non-current assets$498,337 $170,153 
Liabilities:
Current lease liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$63,521 $27,143 
Long-term lease liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities578,272 205,362 
Total lease liabilities(a)
$641,793 $232,505 
_____________________
(a) The acquisition of Meredith resulted in increases of ROU assets and lease liabilities of $358.6 million and $434.8 million, respectively.be paid:

Years Ended December 31,
Lease ExpenseIncome Statement Classification202120202019
(In thousands)
Fixed lease expenseCost of revenue$1,707 $2,183 $547 
Fixed lease expenseSelling and marketing expense9,443 12,591 10,749 
Fixed lease expenseGeneral and administrative expense31,104 20,923 13,786 
Fixed lease expenseProduct development expense1,756 3,016 1,502 
Total fixed lease expense(b)
44,010 38,713 26,584 
Variable lease expenseCost of revenue— — 83 
Variable lease expenseSelling and marketing expense1,087 2,314 1,573 
Variable lease expenseGeneral and administrative expense8,176 7,314 5,657 
Variable lease expenseProduct development expense639 934 391 
Total variable lease expense9,902 10,562 7,704 
Net lease expense$53,912 $49,275 $34,288 
_____________________
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Benefits
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2024$54,578 $15,981 $444 
2025688 16,785 415 
2026386 17,619 389 
2027401 18,548 372 
2028619 19,429 360 
Thereafter2,314 111,180 1,575 
Net amount recognized, end of year$58,986 $199,542 $3,555 
(b)
Includes approximately $10.5 million, $5.8 million
Defined Contribution Plans
IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan
IAC employees in the U.S. can elect to participate in a retirement savings program, the IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan (the "IAC Plan"), that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the IAC Plan, participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their eligible compensation, but not more than statutory limits. The Company matches 100% of the first 10% of an employee's contribution, subject to IRS limits on the Company's matching contribution maximum, that a participant contributes to the IAC Plan, except for Dotdash Meredith and $2.6 millionAngi Inc. Dotdash Meredith matches 100% of lease impairment charges, $1.4 million, $2.5 millionthe first 5% of employee contributions for employees who were previously under the Meredith Savings and $2.0 millionInvestment Plan (the "Meredith Plan") described below and Angi Inc. matches fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in the IAC Plan, with a maximum contribution of short-term lease expense, and $6.7 million, $5.3 million and $7.4 million3% of sublease income,a participant's eligible compensation. The IAC Plan limits Company matching contributions to $10,000 per participant on an annual basis. Matching contributions to the IAC Plan for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020were $36.1 million, $25.6 million and 2019,$22.0 million, respectively. Matching contributions are invested in the same manner as each participant's voluntary contributions in the investment options provided under the IAC Plan. An investment option in the IAC Plan is IAC common stock, but neither participant nor matching contributions are required to be invested in IAC common stock. The increase in matching contributions in 2023 is the result of the Meredith Plan merger with additional employees covered by the IAC Plan. The increase in matching contributions in 2022 is due primarily to an increase in employee contributions.
IAC also has or participates in various benefit plans, principally defined contribution plans, for its international employees. IAC's contributions to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $1.4 million, $1.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

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Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2021(c):
Years Ended December 31,In thousands
2022$95,944 
202395,764 
202494,183 
202585,773 
202681,372 
Thereafter472,535 
Total925,571 
Less: Interest283,778 
Present value of lease liabilities$641,793 
_____________________
(c) Lease payments exclude $1.2 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.
The following are the weighted average assumptions used for lease termMeredith Savings and discount rate at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31,
20212020
Remaining lease term11.8 years15.5 years
Discount rate5.54 %5.67 %
December 31,
20212020
(In thousands)
Other Information:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities (d)
$442,205 $80,314 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities$44,659 $41,377 
_____________________
(d) Includes $437.7 million related to Meredith as of the date of its acquisition..

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NOTE 15—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
The Company has entered into certain off-balance sheet commitments that require the future purchase of services ("purchase obligations") to be used in the normal course of operations. Future payments under noncancelable unconditional purchase obligations at December 31, 2021 are as follows:
 Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
 Less Than
1 Year
1-3
Years
3-5
Years
More Than
5 Years
Total
Amounts
Committed
 (In thousands)
Purchase obligations$74,897 $16,040 $474 $— $91,411 
Purchase obligations include payments of (i) $26.4 million related to advertising that will run in 2022, (ii) $9.1 million related to a cloud computing arrangement, (iii) $7.1 million related to email and office productivity tools, (iv) $6.1 million related to communication spend, (v) $4.2 million related to research tools, and (vi) $3.1 million related to background check services.
Lease GuaranteesInvestment Plan
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the Meredith Plan, its U.S. defined contribution savings plan, which allowed eligible employees to contribute a percentage of their salary, commissions and bonuses in accordance with plan limitations and provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and Dotdash Meredith guaranteesmade matching contributions to the Meredith plan subject to the plan limits. Prior to January 1, 2023, only Dotdash employees located in the U.S. could participate in the IAC Plan described above. Effective January 1, 2023, Dotdash Meredith, as permitted by the relevant IAC Plan documents, merged the Meredith Plan into the IAC Plan.

Under the Meredith Plan, the Company matched 100% of the first 4% and 50% of the next 1% of employee contributions for employees eligible for the Company’s pension benefits and 100% of the first 5% for employees ineligible for the Company’s pension benefits. Matching contributions to the Meredith Plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $10.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 14—INCOME TAXES
U.S. and foreign earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
U.S. $353,188 $(1,320,332)$758,538 
Foreign13,947 (205,904)(28,732)
     Total$367,135 $(1,526,236)$729,806 
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Current income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal$1,474 $777 $(5,818)
State8,998 4,712 4,751 
Foreign9,554 1,182 6,680 
Current income tax provision (benefit)20,026 6,671 5,613 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal79,941 (252,022)111,755 
State9,153 (44,335)18,063 
Foreign(302)(41,401)3,559 
     Deferred income tax provision (benefit)88,792 (337,758)133,377 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
The tax effects of cumulative temporary differences that give rise to significant deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below. The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating loss carryforwards$435,318 $458,603 
Long-term lease liabilities112,178 137,869 
Capitalized research & development expenditures91,550 74,179 
Tax credit carryforwards72,369 64,903 
Accrued expenses53,551 58,697 
Other101,356 104,948 
Total deferred tax assets866,322 899,199 
Less: valuation allowance(132,058)(124,012)
Net deferred tax assets734,264 775,187 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Investment in MGM Resorts International(383,170)(212,390)
Investment in subsidiaries(226,898)(225,375)
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization(174,933)(219,856)
Right-of-use assets(71,531)(100,643)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net(13,639)(46,740)
Other(27,029)(44,922)
Total deferred tax liabilities(897,200)(849,926)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(162,936)$(74,739)
At December 31, 2023, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating losses ("NOLs") of $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, available to offset future income. Federal NOLs of $1.3 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $0.1 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2031 and 2035. State NOLs of $0.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.0 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2024 and 2043. Federal and state NOLs of $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, can be used against future taxable income without restriction and the remaining NOLs will be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, separate return limitations, and applicable law. At December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign NOLs of $439.0 million available to offset future income. Of these foreign NOLs, $425.7 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $13.3 million, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2043. During 2023, the Company recognized tax benefits related to NOLs of $1.5 million.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $91.9 million. Of this amount, $80.8 million relates to credits for research activities, $9.2 million relates to credits for foreign taxes, and $1.9 million relates to various other credits. Of these credit carryforwards, $14.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $77.9 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2024 and 2043.
During 2023, the Company's valuation allowance increased by $8.0 million primarily due to a leasenet increase in unbenefited capital losses and foreign NOLs, partially offset by expiring foreign tax credits. At December 31, 2023, the Company had a valuation allowance of $132.1 million related to the portion of tax loss carryforwards, tax credits and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes is shown as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Income tax provision (benefit) at the federal statutory rate of 21%$77,098 $(320,510)$153,259 
State income taxes, net of effect of federal tax benefit12,542 (26,708)24,289 
Research credit(11,973)(19,041)(5,094)
Non-deductible executive compensation10,383 12,359 22,358 
Stock-based compensation2,357 (2,155)(91,729)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment1,659 15,764 — 
Deferred tax adjustment for enacted changes in tax laws and rates407 (7,152)4,049 
Change in judgement on beginning of the year valuation allowance(240)3,523 20,248 
Other, net16,585 12,833 11,610 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including penalties but excluding interest, is as follows:
 December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$16,013 $17,449 $18,233 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year5,187 5,557 2,855 
Settlements(2,505)(7,100)(1,427)
Additions for tax positions of prior years1,008 1,715 3,420 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(701)(1,608)(1,116)
Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations— — (4,516)
Balance at December 31$19,002 $16,013 $17,449 
The Company's income taxes are routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities as a result of previously filed separate company and consolidated tax returns for periods prior to the June 30, 2020 separation of IAC from Match Group and for its tax returns filed on a standalone basis following the MTCH Separation. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. On June 27, 2023, the Joint Committee of Taxation completed its review of the federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2013 through January2019, which includes the operations of the Company, and approved the audit settlement previously agreed to with the Internal Revenue Services ("IRS"). The statute of limitations for the years 2013 through 2019 expired on December 31, 2023. The resolution of this IRS examination resulted in a payment to Match Group of $2.5 million excluding interest, which was previously accrued. Returns filed in various other jurisdictions are open to examination for tax years beginning with 2013. Income taxes payable include unrecognized tax benefits considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year tax returns. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes and, therefore, may require periodic adjustment. Although management currently believes changes in unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.
The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. At December 31, 2023 and another through2022, accruals for interest and penalties are not material.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were $19.6 million and $16.6 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, at December 31, 2023 increased by $3.0 million due primarily to research credits, partially offset by settlements. If unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are subsequently recognized, $18.6 million, net of related deferred tax assets and interest, would reduce income tax expense. The comparable amount at December 31, 2022 was $15.4 million. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $0.4 million by December 31, 2024 due to expected settlements and statute expirations, all of which would reduce the income tax provision.
As a result of the Vimeo Spin-Off, the Company’s net deferred tax liability was adjusted for tax attributes from our federal and consolidated state income tax filings that were allocated between the Company and Vimeo. The allocation of tax attributes that was recorded as of December 31, 2021 was preliminary. Following the filing of income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021, the allocation was finalized and an adjustment of $2.7 million was recorded to net earnings from discontinued operations in the year ended December 31, 2022.
NOTE 15—EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company treats its common stock and Class B common stock as one class of stock for EPS purposes as both classes of stock participate in earnings, dividends and other distributions on the same basis. The restricted stock award granted to our CEO on November 2030. 5, 2020 is a participating security and the Company calculates basic EPS using the two-class method since those restricted shares are unvested and have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Diluted EPS is calculated, on the most dilutive basis, which excludes awards that would be anti-dilutive, including the restricted stock award granted to our CEO.
Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock is adjusted for the impact from our public subsidiary's dilutive securities, if applicable, and the reallocation of undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security by the weighted-average number of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities during the period.
The carrying valuenumerator and denominator of those guaranteesbasic and diluted EPS computations for the Company’s common stock and Class B common stock are calculated as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic EPS:
Numerator:   
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(9,216)— (20,160)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders256,726 (1,172,864)579,404 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 68 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,949)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$256,726 $(1,170,170)$577,455 
Denominator:   
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.58)$6.72 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.55)$6.70 


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Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Diluted EPS:
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(8,918)— (18,981)
Impact from public subsidiaries' dilutive securities (b)
— — 406 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders257,024 (1,172,864)580,989 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 64 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,953)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$257,024 $(1,170,170)$579,036 
Denominator:
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Dilutive securities (b)(c)(d)(e)
2,895 — 5,606 
Denominator for earnings per share—weighted average shares (b)(c)(d)(e)
86,464 86,350 91,828 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.58)$6.33 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.55)$6.31 
_____________________
(a)     On November 5, 2020, IAC's CEO was granted a stock-based award in the form of 3.0 million shares of restricted common stock. The number of shares that ultimately vests is recordedsubject to the satisfaction of growth targets in "Other long-term liabilities"IAC's stock price over the 10-year service condition of the award. These restricted shares have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on its common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Accordingly, the two-class method of calculating EPS is used. While the restricted shares are presented as outstanding shares in the balance sheet, these shares are excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding in calculating basic EPS and the allocable portion of net earnings are also excluded. Fully diluted EPS reflects the impact on earnings and fully diluted shares in the manner that is most dilutive.
(b)     IAC has the option to settle certain Angi Inc. stock-based awards in its shares. The impact on net earnings relates to the settlement of Angi Inc.'s dilutive securities in IAC common shares. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, these Angi Inc. equity awards were anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2021 it was $1.9more dilutive for IAC to settle these Angi Inc. equity awards.
(c)     If the effect is dilutive, weighted average common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and subsidiary denominated equity and vesting of restricted common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and market-based awards ("MSUs"). For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, 3.6 million and 3.0 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

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(d)     For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had a loss from continuing operations and, as a result, approximately 7.9 million potentially dilutive securities were excluded from computing diluted EPS because the impact would have been anti-dilutive. Accordingly, the weighted average basic shares outstanding were used to compute the EPS amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(e)     See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for additional information on the grant of IAC restricted common stock to its CEO and equity instruments denominated in the shares of certain subsidiaries.
NOTE 16—FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet to the total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,297,445 $1,417,390 $2,118,730 $3,366,176 
Restricted cash included in other current assets8,539 1,165 1,941 448 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets257 7,514 1,193 449 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in current assets of discontinued operations— — — 110,037 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the statement of cash flows$1,306,241 $1,426,069 $2,121,864 $3,477,110 
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021. The maximum obligation for which2023 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the Company would be liable iffunded pension plan in the primary obligors failU.K. and cash held related to perform underinsurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the lease agreements was $11.1 millionbalance sheet at December 31, 2021.2023 consists of deposits related to leases.
ContingenciesRestricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. as well as a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other and deposits related to leases.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 consists of deposits related to leases and a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 primarily consists of funds collected from service providers for payments in dispute, which were not settled as of the period end, and cash reserved to fund insurance claims at Angi Inc. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 consists of deposits related to leases.
At December 31, 2023, all of the Company's international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences.

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Credit Losses
The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:
20232022
(In thousands)
Balance at January 1$50,971 $36,637 
Current period provision for credit losses87,729 116,553 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(104,764)(107,188)
Recoveries collected5,227 5,367 
Sale of a business(6,958)— 
Other174 (398)
Balance at December 31$32,379 $50,971 
Other current assets
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Prepaid expenses$91,118 $80,039 
Other166,381 216,524 
Other current assets$257,499 $296,563 

Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Capitalized software and computer equipment$329,312 $291,600 
Buildings and leasehold improvements268,840 305,304 
Furniture and other equipment131,442 137,570 
Land86,032 20,234 
Projects in progress13,911 30,379 
Total gross carrying amount829,537 785,087 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(374,256)(274,473)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net$455,281 $510,614 


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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits$180,384 $169,227 
Customer deposit liability118,522 125,441 
Accrued advertising expense56,055 78,601 
Other316,566 386,490 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$671,527 $759,759 

Other income (expense), net
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Interest income$71,114 $24,916 $1,351 
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant2,832 (62,495)104,018 
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net(a)
1,528 (8,503)(13,636)
Net periodic pension benefit credit (cost), other than the service cost component(b)
139 (206,422)(17,858)
Net (downward) upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values and realized gains on sales of businesses and investments(c)(d)
(19,201)59,299 18,874 
Unrealized (loss) gain related to marketable equity securities(145)(20,342)18,788 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security— — 7,174 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(e)
— — (1,110)
Other7,595 (4,238)(5,747)
Other income (expense), net$63,862 $(217,785)$111,854 
_____________________
(a)     Includes $10.0 million in foreign exchange losses primarily related to the substantial liquidation of certain foreign subsidiaries in the year ended December 31, 2021.
(b)    Includes pre-tax actuarial gains (losses) of $1.7 million, $(213.4) million and $(7.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the pension plans in the U.S. and U.K. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
(c) Includes downward and upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net (downward) and upward adjustments of $(20.2) million, $(89.1) million and $8.9 million, respectively.

(d)    Includes a gain of approximately $132.2 million on the sale of Bluecrew in the year ended December 31, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the sale of Bluecrew, which was included within Emerging & Other, to EmployBridge, a provider of light industrial staffing solutions, for cash and stock with the Company becoming a minority shareholder in the combined company.
(e)     Represents the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs related to the ANGI Group Term Loan, which was repaid in its entirety during the second quarter of 2021.

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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Cash (paid) received during the year for:   
Interest, net(f)
$(156,172)$(98,150)$(21,702)
Income tax payments$(18,782)$(16,407)$(9,880)
Income tax refunds$1,667 $3,004 $1,762 
(f)     Includes receipts of $3.2 million related to the interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2023. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information.
NOTE 17—CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is a party to various lawsuits. The Company establishes reservesaccruals for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where the Companyit believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no reserveaccrual is established. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, including claims where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and for which the Company cannot estimate a loss or range of loss, will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management's view of these matters may change in the future. The Company also evaluates other contingent matters, including uncertain income tax positions and non-income tax contingencies, to assess the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and estimated extent of potential loss. It is possible that an unfavorable outcome of one or more of these lawsuits or other contingencies could have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company. See "Note 3—14—Income Taxes" for additional information related to uncertain income tax contingencies.positions.
Tinder Optionholder Litigation against
NOTE 18—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the Spin-off. Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company allocated to Vimeo certain federal and Match Group
In August 2018, 10 then-currentstate net operating losses based on the filing of its 2021 tax returns. The Company recorded a $2.7 million tax benefit through discontinued operations and former employees of Match Group’s Tinder business filed a lawsuit in New York state court against IAC and Match Group. See Sean Rad et al. v. IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc., No. 654038/2018 (Supreme Court, New York County). The complaint alleged that in 2017, the defendants: (i) wrongfully interfered with a contractually established process for the independent valuation of Tinder by 2 investment banks, resulting in a substantial undervaluation of Tinder and a consequent underpaymentdeferred taxes to the plaintiffs upon exercise of their stock options, and (ii) then wrongfully merged Tinder into Match Group, thereby depriving the plaintiffs of their contractual right to later valuations of Tinder on a stand‑alone basis. The complaint asserted inter alia claims for breach of contract and interference with contractual relations and prospective economic advantage and sought compensatory damages in the amount of at least $2 billion, as well as punitive damages. Shortly after filing suit, 4 plaintiffs who were still employed by Match Group filed a notice of discontinuance of their claims without prejudice, leaving the 6 former employees as the remaining plaintiffs.reflect this allocation.

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In October 2018,The components of the defendants filed a motion to dismissloss from discontinued operations for the complaint on various grounds, including that the 2017 valuation of Tinder by the investment banks was an expert determination any challenge to which is time-barred under applicable law. In June 2019, the court issued a decision and order granting the motion in part but leaving the plaintiffs’ principal claims based upon the 2017 valuation and subsequent merger intact. The defendants appealed, and inperiod January 1, 2021 through May 2020, the Appellate Division, First Department, reaffirmed the lower court's decision on different grounds.
In July 2020, the 4 individuals who earlier had discontinued their claims25, 2021 in the New York lawsuit commenced separate arbitration proceedings against IAC and Match Group before the American Arbitration Association in California, asserting the same claims and seeking the same relief as the 6 remaining plaintiffs in the New York lawsuit. In April 2021, the respondents in the California arbitration filed a motion for summary judgment dismissing the claimants' merger-related claims; in August 2021, the arbitrator issued an order granting the motion.
In July 2021, the defendants in the New York lawsuit filed a motion for summary judgment. In October 2021, the court issued an order granting the motion in part and denying it in part. The court dismissed the plaintiffs’ merger-related contract claims and remaining tort claims, leaving for trial only the claims for breachstatement of contract arising outoperations consisted of the 2017 valuation of Tinder by the independent investment banks. These claims centered on whether the investment banks were provided with adequate information to conduct their valuation and whether plaintiff Rad had adequate access to the banks and to Tinder management during the valuation process.following:

A jury trial in the New York lawsuit commenced on November 8, 2021. On December 1, 2021, the parties executed and presented to the court a binding settlement term sheet, pursuant to which Match Group would pay the sum of $441 million to the plaintiffs and the claimants in the California arbitration in full settlement of all claims against all defendants and respondents, including IAC, in those proceedings and in exchange for appropriate releases; the court approved the term sheet and discharged the jury. The settlement does not obligate IAC to make any payment. The parties currently are negotiating the terms of a definitive settlement agreement as called for by the term sheet.

Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement (as defined in Note 1—Organization-MTCH Separation), Match Group has agreed to indemnify the Company for matters relating to any business of Match Group, including indemnifying the Company for costs related to the matter described above.
January 1 through May 25, 2021
(In thousands)
Revenue$145,514 
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)39,995 
Selling and marketing expense54,774 
General and administrative expense23,343 
Product development expense35,651 
Depreciation182 
Amortization of intangibles2,983 
Total operating costs and expenses156,928 
Operating loss from discontinued operations(11,414)
Interest expense(140)
Other income, net10,172 
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes(1,382)
Income tax provision(449)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes$(1,831)
NOTE 16—19—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Relationship with Old IAC prior to the MTCH Separation
The Company’s statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 includes allocations of costs, including stock-based compensation expense, related to Old IAC’s accounting, treasury, legal, tax, corporate support and internal audit functions prior to the MTCH Separation. Old IAC historically allocated costs related to its accounting, treasury, legal, tax, corporate support and internal audit functions that were incurred at the Old IAC legal entity level to its publicly traded subsidiaries, Old MTCH and Angi Inc.
Allocation of CEO Compensation and Certain Expenses
Joseph Levin, CEO of IAC and Chairman of Angi Inc., for any services provided under the applicable services agreements. The remaining unallocated expenseswas appointed CEO of Old IAC related to its accounting, treasury, legal, tax, corporate support and internal audit functions were allocated to the Company. Allocated costs, inclusive of stock-based compensation expense, in 2020 prior to the MTCH Separation, were $85.5 million. Allocated costs, inclusive of stock-based compensation expense, were $146.0 millionAngi Inc. on October 10, 2022. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2019. It is not practicable2023 and for the period from October 10, 2022 to determineDecember 31, 2022, IAC allocated $9.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, in costs to Angi Inc. (including salary, benefits, stock-based compensation and costs related to the actual expenses that would have been incurred for these services had the Company operated as a standalone entity during the periods presented.CEO’s office). These costs were allocated from IAC based upon time spent on Angi Inc. by Mr. Levin. Management considers the allocation method to be reasonable.
The portion of interest income reflected in the statement of operationsallocated costs also include costs directly attributable to Angi Inc. that is related party in nature was $0.1 million in 2020 prior to the MTCH Separation, and $0.4 millionwere initially paid for the year ended December 31, 2019, and is included in ‘‘Interest income, net’’ in the table below.

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The following table summarizes the components of the net increase in Old IAC’s investment in the Company for the periods prior to the MTCH Separation:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH SeparationYear Ended December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Cash transfers from Old IAC related to its centrally managed U.S. treasury management function, acquisitions and cash expenses paid by Old IAC on behalf of the Company, net$(1,742,854)$(182,382)
Contribution of buildings to Match Group34,973 — 
Taxes34,436 (1,874)
Allocation of costs from Old IAC(12,652)(80,143)
Interest income, net102 420 
Net increase in Old IAC's investment in the Company prior to the MTCH Separation$(1,685,995)$(263,979)
Notes Receivable—Related Party
During 2019, the Company, through two subsidiaries, entered into loan agreements with Old IAC for cash transfers to Old IAC under its centrally managed U.S. treasury function. During the first quarter of 2020, the outstanding balance, which was $55.3 million at December 31, 2019, was repaid.
On February 11, 2020, the Company, through a subsidiary, entered into a loan agreement with Old IAC for cash transfers to Old IAC under its centrally managed U.S. treasury function. During the second quarter of 2020, the outstanding balance, which was $27.2 million at March 31, 2020, was repaid.
by IAC and Old MTCH
Priorbilled by IAC to the MTCH Separation, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH Separation, and for the year ended December 31, 2019, Old MTCH incurred rent expense of $1.4 million and $5.8 million respectively, for leasing office space for certain of its businesses at properties owned by the Company. The amounts were paid in full by Old MTCH at the date of the MTCH Separation and at December 31, 2019, respectively. After the MTCH Separation, Match Group is no longer a related party.
On January 31, 2020, Old IAC contributed 2 office buildings in Los Angeles to Old MTCH, which are primarily occupied and were previously leased from the Company by Tinder. In connection with this contribution, the Company entered into a lease with Old MTCH for office space, which the Company currently occupies, in one of the buildings and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, the date of the MTCH Separation, the Company paid Old MTCH less than $0.1 million under the lease. Old MTCH issued 1.4 million shares of Old MTCH common stock to Old IAC for the buildings.
IAC and Angi Inc.
Old IAC
The Combination and Related Agreements
The Company and Angi Inc., in connection with the Combination, entered into a contribution agreement; an investor rights agreement; a services agreement; a tax sharing agreement; and an employee matters agreement. Uponagreement, which collectively govern the MTCH Separation, Oldrelationship between IAC assigned these agreements toand Angi Inc.

During the Company.
For the yearyears ended December 31, 2021, 0.2 million shares2023 and 2022, there have been no exercises and settlements of Angi Inc. Class B common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Company pursuant to the employee matters agreement as reimbursement for shares of IAC common stock issued in connection with the exerciseappreciation rights, and vestingno exercises or vestings of IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 0.3 million and 0.5 million shares, respectively, of Angi Inc. Class B common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Companyemployees, that would require, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, as reimbursement for shares ofto IAC common stock, issued for periods after the MTCH Separation, and Old IAC common stock, issued for periods prior to the MTCH Separation, in connection with the exercise and vesting of IAC and Old IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees.Class A and Class B common stock.

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ForDuring the year ended December 31, 2021, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, 2.6 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Company pursuant to the employee matters agreement as reimbursement for IAC common stock issued in connection with the exercise and settlement of certain Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights. There were norights and 0.2 million shares of Angi Inc. Class AB common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Company as reimbursement for shares of IAC duringcommon stock in connection with the years ended December 31, 2020exercise and 2019, respectively.vesting of IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees.

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IACPlan Assets
The targeted and Vimeoactual asset allocation for investments held by the Company’s pension plans are solely attributable to securities other than equity or fixed income securities. The investments held by the Company’s pension plans as of December 31, 2023 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. The investments held by the Company’s pension plans as of December 31, 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts, U.S. Treasury securities and cash and cash equivalents.
FollowingDue to the Spin-off,decision to freeze and terminate the relationship between IACU.S. funded pension plan in 2022, the plan fiduciaries shifted the investment strategy to seek to preserve capital to protect the strong funded status, manage liquidity to align with potential benefit commencements and Vimeo is governed by a number of agreements. These agreements include a separation agreement; a tax matters agreement; a transition services agreement; an employee matters agreement; and an office lease agreement. The Company and Vimeo are related parties because Mr. Diller is the beneficial owner of more than 10%optimize yield to take advantage of the voting interestsrising interest rate environment. The plan initially adopted a fixed income ladder investment strategy through which most of the plan assets were invested in both IACU.S. Treasury securities of various maturities and Vimeo.a money market fund that invests mostly in U.S. Treasury securities. During 2023, principally all of the plan assets were reinvested in the money market fund as the U.S. Treasury securities matured in an effort to increase liquidity. These cash and cash equivalents that represent the investment balance in the U.S. represent Level 1 fair value measurements. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.
AtThe investments of the IPC Plan as of December 31, 2021, Vimeo had no outstanding payables or receivables2023 and 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. Refer to or due fromfurther discussion of the Company pursuantinsurance annuity contracts above.

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Fair value measurements for the international pension plan assets were as follows:
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$8,199 $— $— $8,199 
Fixed income— — 399 399 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 480,103 480,103 
Total assets at fair value$8,199 $— $480,502 $488,701 
 December 31, 2022
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$7,613 $— $— $7,613 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 460,278 460,278 
Total assets at fair value$7,613 $— $460,278 $467,891 
The annuity contracts held by the IPC Plan are valued using significant unobservable inputs. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the tax sharing agreement. three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
 December 31,
20232022
 (In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$460,278 $313,095 
Purchases— 440,606 
Settlements(17,378)(13,206)
Change in fair value12,915 (237,248)
Foreign currency translation24,253 (42,969)
Other434 — 
Balance at end of year$480,502 $460,278 
There were no payments totransfers in or refunds from Vimeo pursuant to this agreementout of Level 3 investments for the period of May 25, 2021 through December 31, 2021.

For the period of May 25, 2021 through December 31, 2021, Vimeo was charged $0.9 million by IAC for services rendered pursuant to the transition services agreement. At December 31, 2021, there were no outstanding receivables or payables pursuant to the transition services agreement.
Vimeo has an outstanding payable due to the Company of $6.4 million at December 31, 2021 related primarily to reimbursements due to the Company for the exercise of Vimeo equity awards held by employees of the Company and Vimeo’s participation in the Company’s employee benefit plans. This amount is included in “Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021. This amount was paid in full in January 2022.
For the period of May 25, 2021 through December 31, 2021, Vimeo was charged $2.6 million of rent pursuant to the lease agreement. At December 31, 2021 there were no outstanding receivables due from Vimeo pursuant to the lease agreement.
IAC and Expedia
The Company and Expedia each have a 50% ownership interest in 3 aircraft that may be used by both companies. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company and Expedia accepted delivery of the corporate aircraft that the Company and Expedia had entered into an agreement in 2019 to jointly acquire for a total cost of $71.4 million (including purchase price and related costs), with each company bearing 50% of such cost. In connection with the purchase agreement the Company paid approximately $23 million in 2019 and approximately $12.7 million in the third quarter of 2021 upon delivery of the new aircraft. Members of the aircraft flight crews are employed by an entity in which the Company and Expedia each have a 50% ownership interest. The Company and Expedia have agreed to share costs relating to flight crew compensation and benefits pro-rata according to each company’s respective usage of the aircraft, for which they are separately billed by the entity described above. In addition, in December 2021, the Company and Expedia entered into agreements pursuant to which Expedia may use additional aircraft owned by a subsidiary of the Company on a cost basis. No payments have been made by Expedia pursuant to this arrangement to date. The Company and Expedia are related parties because Mr. Diller serves as Chairman and Senior Executive of both IAC and Expedia. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Cash Flows
The Company does not have a minimum funding requirement for the qualified domestic pension plan in 2024 and does not expect to have to make any contributions to the plan in the future due to its termination.

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While the Company currently does not expect to be required to make any additional contributions to the IPC Plan, the Company has deposited amounts into an escrow account for the benefit of the IPC Plan that total £5.6 million at December 31, 2023.
The following benefit payments, which will primarily be made from the funded plans, are expected to be paid:

 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Benefits
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2024$54,578 $15,981 $444 
2025688 16,785 415 
2026386 17,619 389 
2027401 18,548 372 
2028619 19,429 360 
Thereafter2,314 111,180 1,575 
Net amount recognized, end of year$58,986 $199,542 $3,555 

Defined Contribution Plans
IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan
IAC employees in the U.S. can elect to participate in a retirement savings program, the IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan (the "IAC Plan"), that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the IAC Plan, participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their eligible compensation, but not more than statutory limits. The Company matches 100% of the first 10% of an employee's contribution, subject to IRS limits on the Company's matching contribution maximum, that a participant contributes to the IAC Plan, except for Dotdash Meredith and Angi Inc. Dotdash Meredith matches 100% of the first 5% of employee contributions for employees who were previously under the Meredith Savings and Investment Plan (the "Meredith Plan") described below and Angi Inc. matches fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in the IAC Plan, with a maximum contribution of 3% of a participant's eligible compensation. The IAC Plan limits Company matching contributions to $10,000 per participant on an annual basis. Matching contributions to the IAC Plan for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020were $36.1 million, $25.6 million and 2019, total payments made$22.0 million, respectively. Matching contributions are invested in the same manner as each participant's voluntary contributions in the investment options provided under the IAC Plan. An investment option in the IAC Plan is IAC common stock, but neither participant nor matching contributions are required to this entitybe invested in IAC common stock. The increase in matching contributions in 2023 is the result of the Meredith Plan merger with additional employees covered by the CompanyIAC Plan. The increase in matching contributions in 2022 is due primarily to an increase in employee contributions.
IAC also has or participates in various benefit plans, principally defined contribution plans, for its international employees. IAC's contributions to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were not material.$1.4 million, $1.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

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PensionNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Meredith Savings and Postretirement PlansInvestment Plan
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the obligations under Meredith’s various pension plans. The plans includeMeredith Plan, its U.S. noncontributory pension plans that covers substantially alldefined contribution savings plan, which allowed eligible employees who were employed byto contribute a percentage of their salary, commissions and bonuses in accordance with plan limitations and provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and Dotdash Meredith priormade matching contributions to the Meredith plan subject to the plan limits. Prior to January 1, 2018. There are two international pension plans2023, only Dotdash employees located in the U.K.;U.S. could participate in the international plans have no active participants. These domesticIAC Plan described above. Effective January 1, 2023, Dotdash Meredith, as permitted by the relevant IAC Plan documents, merged the Meredith Plan into the IAC Plan.

Under the Meredith Plan, the Company matched 100% of the first 4% and international plans include qualified (funded) plans50% of the next 1% of employee contributions for employees eligible for the Company’s pension benefits and 100% of the first 5% for employees ineligible for the Company’s pension benefits. Matching contributions to the Meredith Plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $10.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 14—INCOME TAXES
U.S. and foreign earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests are as wellfollows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
U.S. $353,188 $(1,320,332)$758,538 
Foreign13,947 (205,904)(28,732)
     Total$367,135 $(1,526,236)$729,806 
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as nonqualified (unfunded) plans. These plans provide participating employees with retirement benefits in accordance withfollows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Current income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal$1,474 $777 $(5,818)
State8,998 4,712 4,751 
Foreign9,554 1,182 6,680 
Current income tax provision (benefit)20,026 6,671 5,613 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal79,941 (252,022)111,755 
State9,153 (44,335)18,063 
Foreign(302)(41,401)3,559 
     Deferred income tax provision (benefit)88,792 (337,758)133,377 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
The tax effects of cumulative temporary differences that give rise to significant deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below. The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit provision formulas. The nonqualified pension plans provide retirement benefits to certain highly compensated employees. The Company also assumed Meredith's defined healthcare and life insurance plans that provide benefits to eligible retirees.will not be realized.

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Obligations
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating loss carryforwards$435,318 $458,603 
Long-term lease liabilities112,178 137,869 
Capitalized research & development expenditures91,550 74,179 
Tax credit carryforwards72,369 64,903 
Accrued expenses53,551 58,697 
Other101,356 104,948 
Total deferred tax assets866,322 899,199 
Less: valuation allowance(132,058)(124,012)
Net deferred tax assets734,264 775,187 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Investment in MGM Resorts International(383,170)(212,390)
Investment in subsidiaries(226,898)(225,375)
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization(174,933)(219,856)
Right-of-use assets(71,531)(100,643)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net(13,639)(46,740)
Other(27,029)(44,922)
Total deferred tax liabilities(897,200)(849,926)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(162,936)$(74,739)
At December 31, 2023, the Company had U.S. federal and Funded Statusstate net operating losses ("NOLs") of $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, available to offset future income. Federal NOLs of $1.3 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $0.1 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2031 and 2035. State NOLs of $0.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.0 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2024 and 2043. Federal and state NOLs of $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, can be used against future taxable income without restriction and the remaining NOLs will be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, separate return limitations, and applicable law. At December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign NOLs of $439.0 million available to offset future income. Of these foreign NOLs, $425.7 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $13.3 million, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2043. During 2023, the Company recognized tax benefits related to NOLs of $1.5 million.
Thefollowingtablespresentchangesin,At December 31, 2023, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $91.9 million. Of this amount, $80.8 million relates to credits for research activities, $9.2 million relates to credits for foreign taxes, andcomponentsof, $1.9 million relates to various other credits. Of these credit carryforwards, $14.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $77.9 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2024 and 2043.
During 2023, the Company's netassets/liabilitiesforpensionandotherpostretirementbenefits:
Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomestic
 (in thousands)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning of year$— $— $— 
Acquisitions(a)
154,920 850,774 10,923 
Service cost368 — 
Interest cost224 981 22 
Net actuarial gain(158)(54,660)(132)
Benefits paid (including lump sums)(339)(1,529)(6)
Settlements— (9,361)— 
Contractual termination benefits11,785 — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate impact— 4,458 — 
Benefit obligation, end of year166,800 790,663 10,808 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year— — — 
Acquisitions(a)
129,765 1,053,902 — 
Actual return on plan assets2,886 (62,744)— 
Employer contributions14 29,229 
Benefits paid (including lump sums)(339)(1,529)(6)
Settlements— (9,361)— 
Foreign currency exchange rate impact— 5,777 — 
Fair value of plan assets, end of year132,326 1,015,274 — 
(Under) over funded status, end of year$(34,474)$224,611 $(10,808)
_____________________
(a)     All pension and postretirement plans were acquired with the acquisition of Meredith on December 1, 2021.

The net actuarial gain included in the change in benefit obligation for the international pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2021, isvaluation allowance increased by $8.0 million primarily due to a result of thenet increase in the discount rate used at December 31, 2021, as compared to December 1, 2021, as well as a slight decrease in the inflation assumptions over the same period,unbenefited capital losses and foreign NOLs, partially offset by experience losses dueexpiring foreign tax credits. At December 31, 2023, the Company had a valuation allowance of $132.1 million related to certain plan participants electing a full settlementthe portion of theirtax loss carryforwards, tax credits and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit obligation under an ongoing enhanced transfer value exercise.
Benefits paid directly from Dotdash Meredith assets are included both in employer contributions and benefits paid.will not be realized.

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A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes is shown as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Income tax provision (benefit) at the federal statutory rate of 21%$77,098 $(320,510)$153,259 
State income taxes, net of effect of federal tax benefit12,542 (26,708)24,289 
Research credit(11,973)(19,041)(5,094)
Non-deductible executive compensation10,383 12,359 22,358 
Stock-based compensation2,357 (2,155)(91,729)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment1,659 15,764 — 
Deferred tax adjustment for enacted changes in tax laws and rates407 (7,152)4,049 
Change in judgement on beginning of the year valuation allowance(240)3,523 20,248 
Other, net16,585 12,833 11,610 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including penalties but excluding interest, is as follows:
 December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$16,013 $17,449 $18,233 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year5,187 5,557 2,855 
Settlements(2,505)(7,100)(1,427)
Additions for tax positions of prior years1,008 1,715 3,420 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(701)(1,608)(1,116)
Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations— — (4,516)
Balance at December 31$19,002 $16,013 $17,449 
The Company's income taxes are routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities as a result of previously filed separate company and consolidated tax returns for periods prior to the June 30, 2020 separation of IAC from Match Group and for its tax returns filed on a standalone basis following the MTCH Separation. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. On June 27, 2023, the Joint Committee of Taxation completed its review of the federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2013 through 2019, which includes the operations of the Company, and approved the audit settlement previously agreed to with the Internal Revenue Services ("IRS"). The statute of limitations for the years 2013 through 2019 expired on December 31, 2023. The resolution of this IRS examination resulted in a payment to Match Group of $2.5 million excluding interest, which was previously accrued. Returns filed in various other jurisdictions are open to examination for tax years beginning with 2013. Income taxes payable include unrecognized tax benefits considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year tax returns. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes and, therefore, may require periodic adjustment. Although management currently believes changes in unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are recognizedsubject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.
The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. At December 31, 2021 balance sheet:
Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomestic
 (in thousands)
Other non-current assets
Prepaid benefit cost$24,318 $231,791 $— 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued benefit liability(52,523)— (1,146)
Other long-term liabilities
Accrued benefit liability(6,269)(7,180)(9,662)
Net amount recognized$(34,474)$224,611 $(10,808)
The accumulated benefit obligation2023 and 2022, accruals for the domestic defined benefit pension plans was $159.2 million at December 31, 2021. The accumulated benefit obligation for the international defined benefit pension plans was $790.7 million at December 31, 2021.
The following table provides information about pension plans with projected benefit obligationsinterest and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Year Ended December 31, 2021
DomesticInternational
 (in thousands)
Projected benefit obligation$58,789 $7,179 
Accumulated benefit obligation$57,669 $7,179 
Fair value of plan assets$— $— 
Costs
The components of net periodic benefit costs recognized in the statement of operations were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomestic
(in thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit costs
Service cost$368 $— $
Interest cost224 981 22 
Expected return on plan assets(564)(1,640)— 
Actuarial (gain) loss amortization(2,480)9,724 (132)
Contractual termination benefits11,785 — — 
Net periodic benefit costs (credit)$9,333 $9,065 $(109)
The contractual termination benefit charge for the domestic plans were related to change in control agreements for six executives. The change in control payments were triggered by IAC's acquisition of Meredith and the subsequent termination of the affected executives. The employment agreements for the covered executives provided for immediate vesting in any unvested benefits, as well as an additional three years of continued service, age and pay credit in each of the pension plans in which they were participants.penalties are not material.

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At December 31, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were $19.6 million and $16.6 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, at December 31, 2023 increased by $3.0 million due primarily to research credits, partially offset by settlements. If unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are subsequently recognized, $18.6 million, net of related deferred tax assets and interest, would reduce income tax expense. The comparable amount at December 31, 2022 was $15.4 million. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $0.4 million by December 31, 2024 due to expected settlements and statute expirations, all of which would reduce the income tax provision.
As a result of the Vimeo Spin-Off, the Company’s net deferred tax liability was adjusted for tax attributes from our federal and consolidated state income tax filings that were allocated between the Company and Vimeo. The allocation of tax attributes that was recorded as of December 31, 2021 was preliminary. Following the filing of income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021, the allocation was finalized and an adjustment of $2.7 million was recorded to net earnings from discontinued operations in the year ended December 31, 2022.
NOTE 15—EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company treats its common stock and Class B common stock as one class of stock for EPS purposes as both classes of stock participate in earnings, dividends and other distributions on the same basis. The restricted stock award granted to our CEO on November 5, 2020 is a participating security and the Company calculates basic EPS using the two-class method since those restricted shares are unvested and have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Diluted EPS is calculated, on the most dilutive basis, which excludes awards that would be anti-dilutive, including the restricted stock award granted to our CEO.
Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock is adjusted for the impact from our public subsidiary's dilutive securities, if applicable, and the reallocation of undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security by the weighted-average number of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities during the period.
The numerator and denominator of basic and diluted EPS computations for the Company’s common stock and Class B common stock are calculated as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic EPS:
Numerator:   
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(9,216)— (20,160)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders256,726 (1,172,864)579,404 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 68 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,949)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$256,726 $(1,170,170)$577,455 
Denominator:   
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.58)$6.72 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.55)$6.70 


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Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Diluted EPS:
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(8,918)— (18,981)
Impact from public subsidiaries' dilutive securities (b)
— — 406 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders257,024 (1,172,864)580,989 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 64 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,953)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$257,024 $(1,170,170)$579,036 
Denominator:
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Dilutive securities (b)(c)(d)(e)
2,895 — 5,606 
Denominator for earnings per share—weighted average shares (b)(c)(d)(e)
86,464 86,350 91,828 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.58)$6.33 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.55)$6.31 
_____________________
(a)     On November 5, 2020, IAC's CEO was granted a stock-based award in the form of 3.0 million shares of restricted common stock. The number of shares that ultimately vests is subject to the satisfaction of growth targets in IAC's stock price over the 10-year service condition of the award. These restricted shares have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on its common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Accordingly, the two-class method of calculating EPS is used. While the restricted shares are presented as outstanding shares in the balance sheet, these shares are excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding in calculating basic EPS and the allocable portion of net earnings are also excluded. Fully diluted EPS reflects the impact on earnings and fully diluted shares in the manner that is most dilutive.
(b)     IAC has the option to settle certain Angi Inc. stock-based awards in its shares. The impact on net earnings relates to the settlement of Angi Inc.'s dilutive securities in IAC common shares. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, these Angi Inc. equity awards were anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2021 it was more dilutive for IAC to settle these Angi Inc. equity awards.
(c)     If the effect is dilutive, weighted average common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and subsidiary denominated equity and vesting of restricted common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and market-based awards ("MSUs"). For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, 3.6 million and 3.0 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

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(d)     For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had a loss from continuing operations and, as a result, approximately 7.9 million potentially dilutive securities were excluded from computing diluted EPS because the impact would have been anti-dilutive. Accordingly, the weighted average basic shares outstanding were used to compute the EPS amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(e)     See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for additional information on the grant of IAC restricted common stock to its CEO and equity instruments denominated in the shares of certain subsidiaries.
NOTE 16—FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet to the total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$1,297,445 $1,417,390 $2,118,730 $3,366,176 
Restricted cash included in other current assets8,539 1,165 1,941 448 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets257 7,514 1,193 449 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in current assets of discontinued operations— — — 110,037 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the statement of cash flows$1,306,241 $1,426,069 $2,121,864 $3,477,110 
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2023 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. and cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2023 consists of deposits related to leases.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. as well as a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other and deposits related to leases.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 consists of deposits related to leases and a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 primarily consists of funds collected from service providers for payments in dispute, which were not settled as of the period end, and cash reserved to fund insurance claims at Angi Inc. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 consists of deposits related to leases.
At December 31, 2023, all of the Company's international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences.

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Credit Losses
The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:
20232022
(In thousands)
Balance at January 1$50,971 $36,637 
Current period provision for credit losses87,729 116,553 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(104,764)(107,188)
Recoveries collected5,227 5,367 
Sale of a business(6,958)— 
Other174 (398)
Balance at December 31$32,379 $50,971 
Other current assets
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Prepaid expenses$91,118 $80,039 
Other166,381 216,524 
Other current assets$257,499 $296,563 

Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Capitalized software and computer equipment$329,312 $291,600 
Buildings and leasehold improvements268,840 305,304 
Furniture and other equipment131,442 137,570 
Land86,032 20,234 
Projects in progress13,911 30,379 
Total gross carrying amount829,537 785,087 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(374,256)(274,473)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net$455,281 $510,614 


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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits$180,384 $169,227 
Customer deposit liability118,522 125,441 
Accrued advertising expense56,055 78,601 
Other316,566 386,490 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$671,527 $759,759 

Other income (expense), net
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Interest income$71,114 $24,916 $1,351 
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant2,832 (62,495)104,018 
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net(a)
1,528 (8,503)(13,636)
Net periodic pension benefit credit (cost), other than the service cost component(b)
139 (206,422)(17,858)
Net (downward) upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values and realized gains on sales of businesses and investments(c)(d)
(19,201)59,299 18,874 
Unrealized (loss) gain related to marketable equity securities(145)(20,342)18,788 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security— — 7,174 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(e)
— — (1,110)
Other7,595 (4,238)(5,747)
Other income (expense), net$63,862 $(217,785)$111,854 
_____________________
(a)     Includes $10.0 million in foreign exchange losses primarily related to the substantial liquidation of certain foreign subsidiaries in the year ended December 31, 2021.
(b)    Includes pre-tax actuarial gains (losses) of $1.7 million, $(213.4) million and $(7.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the pension plans in the U.S. and U.K. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
(c) Includes downward and upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net (downward) and upward adjustments of $(20.2) million, $(89.1) million and $8.9 million, respectively.

(d)    Includes a gain of approximately $132.2 million on the sale of Bluecrew in the year ended December 31, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the sale of Bluecrew, which was included within Emerging & Other, to EmployBridge, a provider of light industrial staffing solutions, for cash and stock with the Company becoming a minority shareholder in the combined company.
(e)     Represents the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs related to the ANGI Group Term Loan, which was repaid in its entirety during the second quarter of 2021.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Cash (paid) received during the year for:   
Interest, net(f)
$(156,172)$(98,150)$(21,702)
Income tax payments$(18,782)$(16,407)$(9,880)
Income tax refunds$1,667 $3,004 $1,762 
(f)     Includes receipts of $3.2 million related to the interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2023. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information.
NOTE 17—CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is a party to various lawsuits. The Company establishes accruals for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where it believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no accrual is established. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, including claims where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and for which the Company cannot estimate a loss or range of loss, will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management's view of these matters may change in the future. The Company also evaluates other contingent matters, including uncertain income tax positions and non-income tax contingencies, to assess the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and estimated extent of potential loss. It is possible that an unfavorable outcome of one or more of these lawsuits or other contingencies could have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company. See "Note 14—Income Taxes" for information related to uncertain income tax positions.
NOTE 18—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On May 25, 2021, IAC completed the Spin-off. Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company allocated to Vimeo certain federal and state net operating losses based on the filing of its 2021 tax returns. The Company recorded a $2.7 million tax benefit through discontinued operations and deferred taxes to reflect this allocation.

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The components of net periodic benefit costs (credit), other than the service cost component, are included in "Other income (expense), net"loss from discontinued operations for the period January 1, 2021 through May 25, 2021 in the statement of operations.operations consisted of the following:
Assumptions
January 1 through May 25, 2021
(In thousands)
Revenue$145,514 
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)39,995 
Selling and marketing expense54,774 
General and administrative expense23,343 
Product development expense35,651 
Depreciation182 
Amortization of intangibles2,983 
Total operating costs and expenses156,928 
Operating loss from discontinued operations(11,414)
Interest expense(140)
Other income, net10,172 
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes(1,382)
Income tax provision(449)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes$(1,831)
Benefit obligations
NOTE 19—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
IAC and Angi Inc.
Allocation of CEO Compensation and Certain Expenses
Joseph Levin, CEO of IAC and Chairman of Angi Inc., was appointed CEO of Angi Inc. on October 10, 2022. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the period from October 10, 2022 to December 31, 2022, IAC allocated $9.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, in costs to Angi Inc. (including salary, benefits, stock-based compensation and costs related to the CEO’s office). These costs were determined usingallocated from IAC based upon time spent on Angi Inc. by Mr. Levin. Management considers the following weighted average assumptions:allocation method to be reasonable. The allocated costs also include costs directly attributable to Angi Inc. that were initially paid for by IAC and billed by IAC to Angi Inc.
The Combination and Related Agreements
The Company and Angi Inc., in connection with the Combination, entered into a contribution agreement; an investor rights agreement; a services agreement; a tax sharing agreement; and an employee matters agreement, which collectively govern the relationship between IAC and Angi Inc.

Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Weighted average assumptions
Discount rate2.04 %1.67 %2.61 %
Rate of compensation increase2.95 %N/A3.50 %
Cash balance interest rate credit2.13 %N/AN/A
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there have been no exercises and settlements of Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights, and no exercises or vestings of IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees, that would require, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, reimbursement to IAC in Angi Inc. Class A and Class B common stock.

Net periodic benefit costs (credit)During the year ended December 31, 2021, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, 2.6 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:

Year Ended December 31, 2021
 PensionPostretirement
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Weighted average assumptions
Discount rate2.02 %1.40 %2.52 %
Expected return on plan assets6.00 %1.90 %N/A
Rate of compensation increase2.90 %N/A3.50 %
Cash balance interest credit rate2.04 %N/AN/A

The assumed healthcare trend rates usedissued to measure the expected costa subsidiary of benefits were as follows:


Postretirement
Assumed healthcare cost trend rate
Rate of increase in healthcare cost levels
      Initial level6.50 %
      Ultimate level5.00 %
      Years to ultimate level6

Pension expense is calculated using a number of actuarial assumptions, including an expected long-term rate of return on assets and a discount rate. In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company considered long-term historical ratesas reimbursement for IAC common stock issued in connection with the exercise and settlement of return, plan asset allocations as well as the opinionscertain Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights and outlooks0.2 million shares of investment professionals and consulting firms. Returns projected by such consultants and economists are based on broad equity and bond indices. The objective isAngi Inc. Class B common stock were issued to select an average ratea subsidiary of earnings expected on existing plan assets and expected contributions to the plan during the year. The Company reviews this long-term assumption on a periodic basis. Since the Company utilizesas reimbursement for shares of IAC common stock in connection with the mark-to-market approach to account for pensionexercise and postretirement benefits, the expected long-term ratevesting of return on assets has no effect on the overall amount of net periodic benefit cost (credit) recorded for the year.

The value (market-related value) of plan assets is multipliedIAC equity awards held by the expected long-term rate of return on assets to compute the expected return on plan assets, a component of net periodic pension cost. The market-related value of plan assets is a calculated value that recognizes changes in fair value over three years.Angi Inc. employees.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Plan Assets
The targeted and weighted averageactual asset allocations by asset categoryallocation for investments held by the Company’s pension plans are as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2021
 Domestic AllocationInternational Allocation
TargetActualTargetActual
Equity securities62%63%1%2%
Fixed income securities38%36%63%63%
Other securities (b)
—%1%36%35%
Total100%100%100%100%
_____________________
(b) Other primarily includes pooled investment funds and an insurance buy-in contract.
solely attributable to securities other than equity or fixed income securities. The Company’s investment policy for domestic plans seeks to maximize investment returns while balancinginvestments held by the Company’s tolerance for risk.pension plans as of December 31, 2023 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. The plan fiduciariesinvestments held by the Company’s pension plans as of December 31, 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts, U.S. Treasury securities and cash and cash equivalents.
Due to the decision to freeze and terminate the U.S. funded (qualified) pension plan oversee the investment allocation process by selecting investment managers, setting long-term strategic targets, and monitoring asset allocations. Target allocation ranges are guidelines, not limitations, and plan fiduciaries may occasionally approve allocations above or below a target range, or elect to rebalance the portfolio within the targeted range. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed-income investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across domestic and international stocks and between growth and value stocks and small and large capitalizations. The primary investment strategy currently employed is a dynamic target allocation method that periodically rebalances among various investment categories depending on the current funded position. This program is designed to actively move from return-seeking investments (such as equities) toward liability-hedging investments (such as fixed-income) as funding levels improve. The reverse effect occurs when funding levels decrease.
The trustees of the IPC Media Pension Scheme (IPC Plan) defined benefit pension plan in 2022, the U.K. have delegated the day-to-day investment decisions of the IPC Plan to a large international fiduciary manager and utilize an investment manager to monitor the investment performance and the reporting of the fiduciary manager. The investment objective of the IPC Plan is to invest the assets prudently with the intention that the benefits promised to the members are provided. Funding level based de-risking triggers have been established such thatplan fiduciaries shifted the investment strategy evolves asto seek to preserve capital to protect the funding level moves along an agreed glide path. Asstrong funded status, manage liquidity to align with potential benefit commencements and optimize yield to take advantage of the funding level improves, therising interest rate environment. The plan initially adopted a fixed income ladder investment strategy will de-risk. Each trigger level specifies a minimum interest rate and hedge rate ratio and a maximum allocation to growth assets,through which target a diversified portfolio using specialist managers and asset classes.
Equity securities did not include any IAC common stock at December 31, 2021.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Fair value measurements for the U.S. funded (qualified) pension plan assets were as follows:
 December 31, 2021
 Quoted Market
Prices for
Identical Assets in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Investments in registered investment companies    
Equity$65,982 $17,866 $— $83,848 
Fixed income7,442 39,148 — 46,590 
Pooled separate accounts— 1,888 — 1,888 
Total assets at fair value$73,424 $58,902 $— $132,326 
Fair value measurements forinvested in U.S. Treasury securities of various maturities and a money market fund that invests mostly in U.S. Treasury securities. During 2023, principally all of the international pension plan assets were reinvested in the money market fund as follows:
 December 31, 2021
 Quoted Market
Prices for
Identical Assets in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$63,245 $— $— $63,245 
Pooled investments
Equity1,154 9,728 — 10,882 
Fixed income6,276 45,362 — 51,638 
Other— 576,414 — 576,414 
Insurance buy-in contract— — 313,095 313,095 
Total assets at fair value$70,675 $631,504 $313,095 $1,015,274 
The international pension plans hold investmentsthe U.S. Treasury securities matured in liability matching funds whose objective isan effort to provide leveraged returns equal to that of the liabilities. In order to do so, these funds invest in UK Treasury Gilt bonds, Gilt Total Return Swaps, Repurchase Transactions,increase liquidity. These cash and cash or money markets to provide liquidity to meet payment obligations or post as collateralequivalents that represent the investment balance in the derivative transactions they enter. These liability matching funds are included in Other pooled investments in the table above.
To reduce risk without adversely affecting returns, the trustees entered into an insurance buy-in contract with a private limited life insurance company to insure a portion of the IPC Plan, covering approximately 30 percent of IPC Plan participants, which is intended to provide payments designed to equal all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants. The benefit obligation was not transferred to the insurer, and the Company remains responsible for paying pension benefits. The assets and liabilities with respect to insured participants are assumed to match (i.e., the full benefits have been insured). The initial value of the asset associated with this contract was equal to the premium paid to secure the contract and is adjusted each reporting period to reflect the estimatedU.S. represent Level 1 fair value of the premium that would be paid for such a contract at that time. As the valuation of this asset is judgmental, and there are no observable inputs associated with the valuation, the insurance buy-in contract is presented as a Level 3 investment.measurements. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.
The investments of the IPC Plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. Refer to further discussion of the insurance annuity contracts above.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Fair value measurements for the international pension plan assets were as follows:
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$8,199 $— $— $8,199 
Fixed income— — 399 399 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 480,103 480,103 
Total assets at fair value$8,199 $— $480,502 $488,701 
 December 31, 2022
 Quoted Market
Prices for Identical Assets in Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
Fair Value
Measurements
 (In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents$7,613 $— $— $7,613 
Insurance annuity contracts— — 460,278 460,278 
Total assets at fair value$7,613 $— $460,278 $467,891 
The annuity contracts held by the IPC Plan are valued using significant unobservable inputs. Refer to "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for a discussion of the three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
December 31, 2021
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$— 
Acquisitions327,722 
Settlements(1,040)
Change in fair value(15,326)
Foreign currency translation1,739 
Balance at end of year$313,095 
 December 31,
20232022
 (In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$460,278 $313,095 
Purchases— 440,606 
Settlements(17,378)(13,206)
Change in fair value12,915 (237,248)
Foreign currency translation24,253 (42,969)
Other434 — 
Balance at end of year$480,502 $460,278 
There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 investments for the years ended December 31, 2021.2023 and 2022.
Cash Flows
Although theThe Company does not have a minimum funding requirement for the qualified domestic pension plansplan in 2022,2024 and does not expect to have to make any contributions to the plan in the future due to its termination.

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While the Company is currently determining what voluntary pension plandoes not expect to be required to make any additional contributions if any, will be made in 2022 to the domestic plan. Actual contributions will be dependent upon investment returns, changes in pension obligations, and other economic and regulatory factors. TheIPC Plan, the Company expects to contribute $1.2 million to its postretirement plan in 2022.
Monthly contributions of £0.9 million (totaling £22.0 million over the two years ending in December 2023) are required to be madehas deposited amounts into an escrow account for the benefit of the IPC Plan. The escrow account is intended to be used for the ultimate buy-out of the liabilities of the IPC Plan. Any amounts remaining in the escrow account after the buy-out will be returned to the Company.Plan that total £5.6 million at December 31, 2023.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service as appropriate,will primarily be made from the funded plans, are expected to be paid:

 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Benefits
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Years Ended December 31,(in thousands)
2022$90,676 $18,775 $1,161 
20237,119 18,503 1,058 
20247,312 20,369 988 
20258,362 21,021 920 
20267,117 21,909 827 
Thereafter34,356 125,118 3,258 
Net amount recognized, end of year$154,942 $225,695 $8,212 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 Pension BenefitsPostretirement Benefits
DomesticInternationalDomestic
Years Ending December 31,(In thousands)
2024$54,578 $15,981 $444 
2025688 16,785 415 
2026386 17,619 389 
2027401 18,548 372 
2028619 19,429 360 
Thereafter2,314 111,180 1,575 
Net amount recognized, end of year$58,986 $199,542 $3,555 


Defined Contribution Plans
IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan
IAC employees in the United StatesU.S. can elect to participate in a retirement savings program, the IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan (the "Plan""IAC Plan"), that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the IAC Plan, participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their pre-tax earnings,eligible compensation, but not more than statutory limits. Prior to July 2019, theThe Company contributed an amount equal to 50% of the first 6% of compensation that a participant contributes in each payroll period to the Plan. In June 2019, the Company approved a change to its matching contribution tomatches 100% of the first 10% of an employee's eligible compensation,contribution, subject to IRS limits on the Company's matching contribution maximum, that a participant contributes to the Plan. This change was phased in beginning July 1, 2019IAC Plan, except for Dotdash Meredith and was implemented by some but not allAngi Inc. Dotdash Meredith matches 100% of IAC's subsidiaries participatingthe first 5% of employee contributions for employees who were previously under the Meredith Savings and Investment Plan (the "Meredith Plan") described below and Angi Inc. matches fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in the IAC Plan, by January 1, 2020. Effective January 1, 2020, thewith a maximum contribution of 3% of a participant's eligible compensation. The IAC Plan limits Company matching contributions to $10,000 per participant on an annual basis. Matching contributions to the IAC Plan for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020 and 2019 were $22.0$36.1 million, $16.9$25.6 million and $13.1$22.0 million, respectively. Matching contributions are invested in the same manner as each participant's voluntary contributions in the investment options provided under the IAC Plan. An investment option in the IAC Plan is IAC common stock, but neither participant nor matching contributions are required to be invested in IAC common stock. The increase in matching contributions in 20212023 is the result of the Meredith Plan merger with additional employees covered by the IAC Plan. The increase in matching contributions in 2022 is due primarily due to an increase in headcount and employee contributions. The increase in matching contribution in 2020 is due primarily to the aforementioned change in the Company's matching contribution.
IAC also has or participates in various benefit plans, principally defined contribution plans, for its international employees. IAC's contributions to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020were $1.4 million, $1.1 million and 2019 were $0.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Meredith Savings and Investment Plan
In connection with the acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the Meredith Plan, its U.S. defined contribution savingsavings plan, (the "Meredith Savings and Investment Plan"). Eligible employees may participate in the Meredith Savings and Investment Plan, which allowsallowed eligible employees to contribute a percentage of their salary, commissions and bonuses in accordance with plan limitations and provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Company makesDotdash Meredith made matching contributions to the Meredith plan subject to the limits ofplan limits. Prior to January 1, 2023, only Dotdash employees located in the plan. TheU.S. could participate in the IAC Plan described above. Effective January 1, 2023, Dotdash Meredith, as permitted by the relevant IAC Plan documents, merged the Meredith Plan into the IAC Plan.

Under the Meredith Plan, the Company matches 100 percentmatched 100% of the first 4 percent4% and 50 percent50% of the next 1 percent1% of employee contributions for employees eligible for the Company’s pension benefits and 100 percent100% of the first 5 percent5% for employees ineligible for the Company’s pension benefits. Matching contributions to the Meredith Plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $10.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 14—INCOME TAXES
U.S. and foreign earnings (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
U.S. $353,188 $(1,320,332)$758,538 
Foreign13,947 (205,904)(28,732)
     Total$367,135 $(1,526,236)$729,806 
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Current income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal$1,474 $777 $(5,818)
State8,998 4,712 4,751 
Foreign9,554 1,182 6,680 
Current income tax provision (benefit)20,026 6,671 5,613 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):   
Federal79,941 (252,022)111,755 
State9,153 (44,335)18,063 
Foreign(302)(41,401)3,559 
     Deferred income tax provision (benefit)88,792 (337,758)133,377 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
The tax effects of cumulative temporary differences that give rise to significant deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below. The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating loss carryforwards$435,318 $458,603 
Long-term lease liabilities112,178 137,869 
Capitalized research & development expenditures91,550 74,179 
Tax credit carryforwards72,369 64,903 
Accrued expenses53,551 58,697 
Other101,356 104,948 
Total deferred tax assets866,322 899,199 
Less: valuation allowance(132,058)(124,012)
Net deferred tax assets734,264 775,187 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Investment in MGM Resorts International(383,170)(212,390)
Investment in subsidiaries(226,898)(225,375)
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization(174,933)(219,856)
Right-of-use assets(71,531)(100,643)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net(13,639)(46,740)
Other(27,029)(44,922)
Total deferred tax liabilities(897,200)(849,926)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(162,936)$(74,739)
At December 31, 2023, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating losses ("NOLs") of $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, available to offset future income. Federal NOLs of $1.3 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $0.1 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2031 and 2035. State NOLs of $0.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.0 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2024 and 2043. Federal and state NOLs of $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, can be used against future taxable income without restriction and the remaining NOLs will be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, separate return limitations, and applicable law. At December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign NOLs of $439.0 million available to offset future income. Of these foreign NOLs, $425.7 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $13.3 million, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2043. During 2023, the Company recognized tax benefits related to NOLs of $1.5 million.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $91.9 million. Of this defined contribution savings planamount, $80.8 million relates to credits for research activities, $9.2 million relates to credits for foreign taxes, and $1.9 million relates to various other credits. Of these credit carryforwards, $14.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $77.9 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2024 and 2043.
During 2023, the Company's valuation allowance increased by $8.0 million primarily due to a net increase in unbenefited capital losses and foreign NOLs, partially offset by expiring foreign tax credits. At December 31, 2023, the Company had a valuation allowance of $132.1 million related to the portion of tax loss carryforwards, tax credits and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes is shown as follows:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Income tax provision (benefit) at the federal statutory rate of 21%$77,098 $(320,510)$153,259 
State income taxes, net of effect of federal tax benefit12,542 (26,708)24,289 
Research credit(11,973)(19,041)(5,094)
Non-deductible executive compensation10,383 12,359 22,358 
Stock-based compensation2,357 (2,155)(91,729)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment1,659 15,764 — 
Deferred tax adjustment for enacted changes in tax laws and rates407 (7,152)4,049 
Change in judgement on beginning of the year valuation allowance(240)3,523 20,248 
Other, net16,585 12,833 11,610 
     Income tax provision (benefit)$108,818 $(331,087)$138,990 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including penalties but excluding interest, is as follows:
 December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Balance at January 1$16,013 $17,449 $18,233 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year5,187 5,557 2,855 
Settlements(2,505)(7,100)(1,427)
Additions for tax positions of prior years1,008 1,715 3,420 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(701)(1,608)(1,116)
Expiration of applicable statutes of limitations— — (4,516)
Balance at December 31$19,002 $16,013 $17,449 
The Company's income taxes are routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities as a result of previously filed separate company and consolidated tax returns for periods prior to the June 30, 2020 separation of IAC from Match Group and for its tax returns filed on a standalone basis following the MTCH Separation. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. On June 27, 2023, the Joint Committee of Taxation completed its review of the federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2013 through 2019, which includes the operations of the Company, and approved the audit settlement previously agreed to with the Internal Revenue Services ("IRS"). The statute of limitations for the years 2013 through 2019 expired on December 31, 2023. The resolution of this IRS examination resulted in a payment to Match Group of $2.5 million excluding interest, which was previously accrued. Returns filed in various other jurisdictions are open to examination for tax years beginning with 2013. Income taxes payable include unrecognized tax benefits considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year tax returns. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes and, therefore, may require periodic adjustment. Although management currently believes changes in unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.
The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, accruals for interest and penalties are not material.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were $19.6 million and $16.6 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, at December 31, 2023 increased by $3.0 million due primarily to research credits, partially offset by settlements. If unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are subsequently recognized, $18.6 million, net of related deferred tax assets and interest, would reduce income tax expense. The comparable amount at December 31, 2022 was $15.4 million. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $0.4 million by December 31, 2024 due to expected settlements and statute expirations, all of which would reduce the income tax provision.
As a result of the Vimeo Spin-Off, the Company’s net deferred tax liability was adjusted for tax attributes from our federal and consolidated state income tax filings that were allocated between the Company and Vimeo. The allocation of tax attributes that was recorded as of December 31, 2021 was preliminary. Following the filing of income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2021, were $0.8 million.the allocation was finalized and an adjustment of $2.7 million was recorded to net earnings from discontinued operations in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Effective January 1, 2023,
NOTE 15—EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company treats its common stock and Class B common stock as one class of stock for EPS purposes as both classes of stock participate in earnings, dividends and other distributions on the same basis. The restricted stock award granted to our CEO on November 5, 2020 is a participating security and the Company calculates basic EPS using the two-class method since those restricted shares are unvested and have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as permittedall other IAC common shares. Diluted EPS is calculated, on the most dilutive basis, which excludes awards that would be anti-dilutive, including the restricted stock award granted to our CEO.
Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the relevant Plan documents, intendsweighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net earnings attributable to mergeholders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock is adjusted for the accountsimpact from our public subsidiary's dilutive securities, if applicable, and the reallocation of eligible participants inundistributed earnings allocated to the Meredith Savingsparticipating security by the weighted-average number of common stock and Investment Plan intoClass B common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities during the Plan.period.
The numerator and denominator of basic and diluted EPS computations for the Company’s common stock and Class B common stock are calculated as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic EPS:
Numerator:   
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(9,216)— (20,160)
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders256,726 (1,172,864)579,404 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 68 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,949)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$256,726 $(1,170,170)$577,455 
Denominator:   
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.58)$6.72 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$3.07 $(13.55)$6.70 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
(In thousands, except per share data)
Diluted EPS:
Numerator:
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations$258,317 $(1,195,149)$590,816 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of continuing operations7,625 22,285 8,748 
Net earnings attributed to unvested participating security(8,918)— (18,981)
Impact from public subsidiaries' dilutive securities (b)
— — 406 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders257,024 (1,172,864)580,989 
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes— 2,694 (1,831)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of discontinued operations— — (186)
Net loss attributed to unvested participating security— — 64 
Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 2,694 (1,953)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$257,024 $(1,170,170)$579,036 
Denominator:
Weighted average basic IAC common stock and Class B common stock shares outstanding (a)
83,569 86,350 86,222 
Dilutive securities (b)(c)(d)(e)
2,895 — 5,606 
Denominator for earnings per share—weighted average shares (b)(c)(d)(e)
86,464 86,350 91,828 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.58)$6.33 
Earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders— 0.03 (0.02)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IAC common stock and Class B common stock shareholders$2.97 $(13.55)$6.31 
_____________________
(a)     On November 5, 2020, IAC's CEO was granted a stock-based award in the form of 3.0 million shares of restricted common stock. The number of shares that ultimately vests is subject to the satisfaction of growth targets in IAC's stock price over the 10-year service condition of the award. These restricted shares have a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declares a cash dividend on its common shares and participate in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Accordingly, the two-class method of calculating EPS is used. While the restricted shares are presented as outstanding shares in the balance sheet, these shares are excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding in calculating basic EPS and the allocable portion of net earnings are also excluded. Fully diluted EPS reflects the impact on earnings and fully diluted shares in the manner that is most dilutive.
(b)     IAC has the option to settle certain Angi Inc. stock-based awards in its shares. The impact on net earnings relates to the settlement of Angi Inc.'s dilutive securities in IAC common shares. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, these Angi Inc. equity awards were anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2021 it was more dilutive for IAC to settle these Angi Inc. equity awards.
(c)     If the effect is dilutive, weighted average common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and subsidiary denominated equity and vesting of restricted common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and market-based awards ("MSUs"). For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, 3.6 million and 3.0 million, respectively, of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(d)     For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had a loss from continuing operations and, as a result, approximately 7.9 million potentially dilutive securities were excluded from computing diluted EPS because the impact would have been anti-dilutive. Accordingly, the weighted average basic shares outstanding were used to compute the EPS amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(e)     See "Note 12—Stock-Based Compensation" for additional information on the grant of IAC restricted common stock to its CEO and equity instruments denominated in the shares of certain subsidiaries.
NOTE 18—16—FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet to the total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
December 31, 2023December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$2,118,730 $3,366,176 $837,916 $883,991 
Restricted cash included in other current assetsRestricted cash included in other current assets1,941 448 503 1,417 
Restricted cash included in other non-current assetsRestricted cash included in other non-current assets1,193 449 409 420 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in current assets of discontinued operationsCash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash included in current assets of discontinued operations— 110,037 1,904 1,008 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the statement of cash flowsTotal cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown on the statement of cash flows$2,121,864 $3,477,110 $840,732 $886,836 
Restricted cash included in other"Other current assetsassets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2023 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. and cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2023 consists of deposits related to leases.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. as well as a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other and deposits related to leases.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the IPC Planfunded pension plan in the Company assumedU.K. Restricted cash included in connection with"Other non-current assets" in the acquisitionbalance sheet at December 31, 2021 consists of Meredith.deposits related to leases and a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other.
Restricted cash included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet at December 31, 2020 primarily consists of funds collected from service providers for payments in dispute, which arewere not settled as of the period end, and cash reserved to fund insurance claims at Angi Inc.
Restricted cash at December 31, 2019 primarily consists of a deposit related to corporate credit cards at Angi Inc.
Restricted cash at December 31, 2018 primarily consists of a cash collateralized letter of credit and a deposit related to corporate credit cards.
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets at December 31, 2021 consisted of deposits related to leases and an endorsement guarantee related to insurance at Angi Roofing. Restricted cash included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet for all other periods presentedat December 31, 2020 consists of deposits related to leases.
At December 31, 2023, all of the Company's international cash can be repatriated without significant tax consequences.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Credit Losses and Revenue Reserve
The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively:
20212020
(In thousands)
202320232022
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Balance at January 1Balance at January 1$27,178 $19,984 
Current period provision for credit lossesCurrent period provision for credit losses89,893 78,931 
Write-offs charged against the allowanceWrite-offs charged against the allowance(82,875)(74,170)
Recoveries collectedRecoveries collected2,441 2,433 
Recoveries collected
Recoveries collected
Sale of a business
Other
Balance at December 31Balance at December 31$36,637 $27,178 
The revenue reserve was $3.1 millionOther current assets
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Prepaid expenses$91,118 $80,039 
Other166,381 216,524 
Other current assets$257,499 $296,563 

Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and $2.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The total allowance for credit losses and revenue reserve was $39.7 million and $29.2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.leasehold improvements, net
 December 31,
 20232022
 (In thousands)
Capitalized software and computer equipment$329,312 $291,600 
Buildings and leasehold improvements268,840 305,304 
Furniture and other equipment131,442 137,570 
Land86,032 20,234 
Projects in progress13,911 30,379 
Total gross carrying amount829,537 785,087 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(374,256)(274,473)
Capitalized software, equipment, buildings, land and leasehold improvements, net$455,281 $510,614 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Other current assets
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Prepaid expenses$73,483 $46,096 
Inventories, net (a)
30,710 317 
Other137,995 93,609 
Other current assets$242,188 $140,022 
_____________________
(a)     Includes raw materials of $17.0 million, work in process of $11.1 million, and finished goods of $2.4 million at December 31, 2021. Represents $0.3 million of finished goods at December 31, 2020.

Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements, equipment and land
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Buildings and leasehold improvements$418,249 $195,502 
Capitalized software and computer equipment386,421 149,693 
Furniture and other equipment181,605 83,501 
Land33,919 — 
Projects in progress47,218 53,635 
Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements, equipment and land1,067,412 482,331 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(496,887)(207,401)
Buildings, capitalized software, leasehold improvements, equipment and land, net$570,525 $274,930 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
December 31, December 31,
20212020 20232022
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Accrued employee compensation and benefitsAccrued employee compensation and benefits$277,594 $107,280 
Customer deposit liabilityCustomer deposit liability146,282 — 
Accrued advertising expenseAccrued advertising expense67,986 56,286 
Accrued traffic acquisition costs77,913 38,710 
OtherOther410,799 138,130 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other current liabilities$980,574 $340,406 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Other income (expense), net
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant$104,018 $(1,213)$(9,123)
Unrealized gain related to an investment following its initial public offering18,788 — — 
Upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values8,892 — 18,505 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security7,174 — 20,486 
Realized gains related to the sale of investments5,773 10,373 330 
Realized gains related to the sale of business4,209 1,061 — 
Interest income1,351 7,177 15,159 
Net periodic pension benefit costs, other than the service cost component(17,858)— — 
Foreign exchange (losses) gains, net (a)
(13,636)674 117 
Loss on the extinguishment of debt (b)
(1,110)— — 
Impairments related to COVID-19 (c)
— (59,001)— 
Other(5,747)(1,632)(4,987)
Other income (expense), net$111,854 $(42,561)$40,487 
 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Interest income$71,114 $24,916 $1,351 
Unrealized increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of a warrant2,832 (62,495)104,018 
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net(a)
1,528 (8,503)(13,636)
Net periodic pension benefit credit (cost), other than the service cost component(b)
139 (206,422)(17,858)
Net (downward) upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values and realized gains on sales of businesses and investments(c)(d)
(19,201)59,299 18,874 
Unrealized (loss) gain related to marketable equity securities(145)(20,342)18,788 
Realized gain on the sale of a marketable equity security— — 7,174 
Loss on extinguishment of debt(e)
— — (1,110)
Other7,595 (4,238)(5,747)
Other income (expense), net$63,862 $(217,785)$111,854 
_____________________
(a)     Includes $10.0 million in foreign exchange losses primarily related to the substantial liquidation of certain foreign subsidiaries in the three monthsyear ended MarchDecember 31, 2021.
(b)    Includes pre-tax actuarial gains (losses) of $1.7 million, $(213.4) million and $(7.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the pension plans in the U.S. and U.K. See "Note 13—Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans" for additional information.
(c) Includes downward and upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net (downward) and upward adjustments of $(20.2) million, $(89.1) million and $8.9 million, respectively.

(d)    Includes a gain of approximately $132.2 million on the sale of Bluecrew in the year ended December 31, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the sale of Bluecrew, which was included within Emerging & Other, to EmployBridge, a provider of light industrial staffing solutions, for cash and stock with the Company becoming a minority shareholder in the combined company.
(e)     Represents the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs related to the ANGI Group Term Loan, which was repaid in its entirety during the second quarter of 2021.
(c)
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IAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
 Years Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Cash paid (received) during the year for:   
Interest$21,702 $6,524 $10,042 
Income tax payments$9,880 $5,974 $4,797 
Income tax refunds$(1,762)$(2,010)$(3,048)

 Years Ended December 31,
 202320222021
 (In thousands)
Cash (paid) received during the year for:   
Interest, net(f)
$(156,172)$(98,150)$(21,702)
Income tax payments$(18,782)$(16,407)$(9,880)
Income tax refunds$1,667 $3,004 $1,762 
(f)     Includes receipts of $3.2 million related to the interest rate swaps for the year ended December 31, 2023. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 7—Long-term Debt" for additional information.
NOTE 19—SUBSEQUENT EVENT17—CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is a party to various lawsuits. The Company establishes accruals for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where it believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no accrual is established. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, including claims where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and for which the Company cannot estimate a loss or range of loss, will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management's view of these matters may change in the future. The Company also evaluates other contingent matters, including uncertain income tax positions and non-income tax contingencies, to assess the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and estimated extent of potential loss. It is possible that an unfavorable outcome of one or more of these lawsuits or other contingencies could have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company. See "Note 14—Income Taxes" for information related to uncertain income tax positions.
NOTE 18—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On February 16,May 25, 2021, IAC completed the Spin-off. Following the Spin-off, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company. Therefore, Vimeo is presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements for 2021. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company purchased an additional 4.5allocated to Vimeo certain federal and state net operating losses based on the filing of its 2021 tax returns. The Company recorded a $2.7 million shares of MGM for $202.5 million. Followingtax benefit through discontinued operations and deferred taxes to reflect this purchase, the Company owns approximately 63.5 million shares, representing a 14.4%ownership interest in MGM as of February 16, 2022.allocation.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The components of the loss from discontinued operations for the period January 1, 2021 through May 25, 2021 in the statement of operations consisted of the following:
January 1 through May 25, 2021
(In thousands)
Revenue$145,514 
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)39,995 
Selling and marketing expense54,774 
General and administrative expense23,343 
Product development expense35,651 
Depreciation182 
Amortization of intangibles2,983 
Total operating costs and expenses156,928 
Operating loss from discontinued operations(11,414)
Interest expense(140)
Other income, net10,172 
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes(1,382)
Income tax provision(449)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes$(1,831)
NOTE 19—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
IAC and Angi Inc.
Allocation of CEO Compensation and Certain Expenses
Joseph Levin, CEO of IAC and Chairman of Angi Inc., was appointed CEO of Angi Inc. on October 10, 2022. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the period from October 10, 2022 to December 31, 2022, IAC allocated $9.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, in costs to Angi Inc. (including salary, benefits, stock-based compensation and costs related to the CEO’s office). These costs were allocated from IAC based upon time spent on Angi Inc. by Mr. Levin. Management considers the allocation method to be reasonable. The allocated costs also include costs directly attributable to Angi Inc. that were initially paid for by IAC and billed by IAC to Angi Inc.
The Combination and Related Agreements
The Company and Angi Inc., in connection with the Combination, entered into a contribution agreement; an investor rights agreement; a services agreement; a tax sharing agreement; and an employee matters agreement, which collectively govern the relationship between IAC and Angi Inc.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there have been no exercises and settlements of Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights, and no exercises or vestings of IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees, that would require, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, reimbursement to IAC in Angi Inc. Class A and Class B common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, pursuant to the employee matters agreement, 2.6 million shares of Angi Inc. Class A common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Company as reimbursement for IAC common stock issued in connection with the exercise and settlement of certain Angi Inc. stock appreciation rights and 0.2 million shares of Angi Inc. Class B common stock were issued to a subsidiary of the Company as reimbursement for shares of IAC common stock in connection with the exercise and vesting of IAC equity awards held by Angi Inc. employees.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

IAC and Vimeo
In connection with the spin-off of Vimeo from IAC, the parties entered in several agreements to govern their relationship following the completion of the transaction, certain of which remain in effect and are as follows: a separation agreement; a tax matters agreement and an employee matters agreement. Following the completion of the transaction, Vimeo and IAC entered into certain commercial agreements, including lease agreements. The Company and Vimeo are related parties because Mr. Diller is the beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interests in both IAC and Vimeo.
The Company had an outstanding receivable of $0.8 million due from Vimeo pursuant to the separation agreement at December 31, 2022. This amount was included in "Other current assets" in the balance sheet and was paid in full in October 2023. At December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding receivables or payables pursuant to the separation agreement.
The Company charged Vimeo rent pursuant to lease agreements of $3.5 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.6 million for the period following the Spin-off of May 25, 2021 through December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2023, the Company has an outstanding receivable of $0.3 million due from Vimeo pursuant to the lease agreements. This amount is included in "Other non-current assets" in the balance sheet. At December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding receivables due from Vimeo pursuant to the lease agreements.
IAC and Expedia
At December 31, 2023, the Company and Expedia each had a 50% ownership interest in two aircraft that may be used by both companies. One of these aircraft was delivered in the third quarter of 2021; IAC and Expedia each made the payments to acquire their respective interest in this aircraft directly to third parties. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company and Expedia sold a corporate aircraft that was jointly owned for total proceeds of $19.0 million (sales price net of related costs), with each company receiving 50% of the proceeds. Members of the aircraft flight crews are employed by an entity in which the Company and Expedia each have a 50% ownership interest. The Company and Expedia have agreed to share costs relating to flight crew compensation and benefits pro-rata according to each company’s respective usage of the aircraft, for which they are separately billed by the entity described above. The Company and Expedia are related parties because Mr. Diller serves as Chairman and Senior Executive of both IAC and Expedia. For each of the years in the period ended December 31, 2023, the payments made to this entity by the Company were not material.
In addition, in December 2021, the Company and Expedia entered into an agreement pursuant to which Expedia may use certain aircraft owned 100% by a subsidiary of the Company on a cost basis. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the payments made by Expedia to the Company pursuant to this arrangement were not material.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 20—SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On February 15, 2024, IAC completed the sale of the assets of Mosaic Group (reported within Emerging & Other) for approximately $160.0 million.
The table below reflects Mosaic Group's revenue and a reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for each of the quarters in 2023:
 Quarters EndedYear Ended
 March 31, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2023December 31, 2023December 31, 2023
 (In thousands)
Revenue$40,501 $39,014 $38,672 $37,498 $155,685 
Operating income (loss)$6,243 $4,160 $(5,427)$6,588 $11,564 
Add:
Amortization of intangibles149 149 149 48 495 
Depreciation15 
Goodwill impairment— — 9,000 — 9,000 
Adjusted EBITDA$6,397 $4,313 $3,725 $6,639 $21,074 

155


Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements Withwith Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of the Company's Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company monitors and evaluates on an ongoing basis its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting in order to improve their overall effectiveness. In the course of these evaluations, the Company modifies and refines its internal processes as conditions warrant.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), our management, including our Chairman and Senior Executive, Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), conducted an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on this evaluation, our Chairman and Senior Executive, CEO and our CFO concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for the Company. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting atas of December 31, 2021.2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in "Internal Control—Integrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
On December 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation ("Meredith"). Accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities of Meredith are included in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 and the results of its operations and cash flows are reported in our consolidated statements of income and cash flows from December 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. In accordance with SEC staff guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, we have elected to exclude Meredith from the Company’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. Meredith represented 32% of the Company’s total assets at December 31, 2021 and 5% of the Company’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Based on this assessment, management has determined that, atas of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting atas of December 31, 20212023 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report, included herein.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We reviewed ourThe Company monitors and evaluates on an ongoing basis its internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2021. The acquisitionin order to improve its overall effectiveness. In the course of Meredith has resulted in certain material changes,these evaluations, the Company modifies and further material changes may be made, to ourrefines its internal controls over financial reportingprocesses as we further integrate Meredith.conditions warrant.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2021,2023, there have been no other changes in our internal controlcontrols over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonablereasonably likely to materially affect, ourthe Company's internal controlcontrols over financial reporting. See "Item 8. 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" and - "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm," which reports arereport is incorporated herein by reference.

147156


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Meredith Holdings Corporation (“Meredith”), acquired on December 1, 2021, which is included in the 2021 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 32% of total assets as of December 31, 2021 and 5% of revenues for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of IAC/InterActiveCorp also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Meredith.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, and the related consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive operations, shareholders’ and parent’s equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a), and our report dated March 1, 2022February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
March 1, 2022February 29, 2024

148157


Item 9B.    Other Information
Not applicable.Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the year ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S‑K).


Item 9C.    Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.

149158


PART III
The information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) has been incorporated herein by reference to IAC's definitive proxy statement to be used in connection with IAC’s 20222024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2022"2024 Proxy Statement"), as set forth below in accordance with General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K.
Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by Items 401 and 405 of Regulation S-K relating to directors and executive officers of IAC and their compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is set forth in the sections entitled "Information Concerning Director Nominees" andNominees," "Information Concerning IAC Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors" and "Delinquent 16(a) Reports," respectively, in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K relating to IAC's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is set forth under the caption "Part I-Item 1-Business-Description"Part IItem 1BusinessDescription of IAC Businesses-Additional Information-CodeBusinessesAdditional InformationCode of Ethics"Business Conduct and Ethics" of this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by subsections (c)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) of Item 407 of Regulation S-K is set forth in the sections entitled "Corporate Governance" and "The Board and Board Committees" in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11.    Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K relating to executive and director compensation and pay ratio disclosure is set forth in the sections entitled "Executive Compensation" and" "Director Compensation" and "Pay Ratio Disclosure" in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by subsections (e)(4) and (e)(5) of Item 407 of Regulation S-K relating to certain compensation committee matters is set forth in the sections entitled "The Board and Board Committees," "Compensation Committee Report" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference; provided, however, that the information set forth in the section entitled "Compensation Committee Report" shall be deemed furnished herein and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information regarding ownership of IAC common stock and Class B common stock required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K and securities authorized for issuance under IAC's various equity compensation plans required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is set forth in the sections entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information," respectively, in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions involving IAC required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K and director independence determinations required by Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K is set forth in the sections entitled "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions" and "Corporate Governance," respectively, in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A regarding the fees and services of IAC's independent registered public accounting firm and the pre-approval policies and procedures applicable to services provided to IAC by such firm is set forth in the sections entitled "Fees Paid to Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and "Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy," respectively, in the 20222024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

150159


PART IV
Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)   List of documents filed as part of this Report:

(1)   Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of IAC
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm: Ernst & Young LLP (PCAOB ID: 42).
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022.
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Comprehensive Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity and Combined Statement of Parents Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

(2)  Consolidated and Combined Financial Statement Schedule of IAC
Schedule
Number
  
IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts.
All other financial statements and schedules not listed have been omitted since the required information is either included in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements or the notes thereto, is not applicable or is not required.


151160


(3)   Exhibits
The exhibits listed below are filed as part of, or are incorporated by reference in, this annual report. References to "Old IAC" below refer to then IAC/InterActiveCorp under SEC File No. 000-20570. IAC/InterActiveCorp changed its name to IAC Inc., effective August 11, 2022. ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its name to Angi Inc., effective March 17, 2021.
Exhibit
No.
DescriptionLocation
2.1Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 6, 2021, by and among, Meredith, New Meredith, Dotdash and, for certain limited purposes set forth therein, IAC/InterActiveCorp.
2.2Separation Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Vimeo, Inc., dated as of May 24, 2021.(1)
2.3Agreement and Plan or Merger by and among IAC/InterActiveCorp, Buzz Merger Sub Inc. and Care.com, Inc., dated December 20, 2019.(1)
2.4Transaction Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2019, by and among Old IAC, IAC/InterActiveCorp, Valentine Merger Sub LLC and Match Group, Inc.(1)
2.5Amendment No. 1, dated April 28, 2020, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2019, by and among Old IAC, IAC/InterActiveCorp, Valentine Merger Sub LLC and Match Group, Inc.
2.6Amendment No. 2, dated June 22, 2020, to the Transaction Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2019, by and among Old IAC, IAC/InterActiveCorp, Valentine Merger Sub LLC and Match Group, Inc.
2.7Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 1, 2017, , by and among Angie’s List, Inc., IAC/InterActiveCorp, ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.) and Casa Merger Sub, Inc.(1)
3.1Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IAC Inc.
3.2Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IAC/InterActiveCorp.
3.23.3Certificate of Amendment toof Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IAC/InterActiveCorp.
3.33.4Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IAC Inc.
3.5Amended and Restated By-laws of IAC/InterActiveCorp.IAC Inc.
3.43.6Certificate of Designations of Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock of IAC/InterActiveCorp.Stock.
Description of IAC/InterActiveCorpIAC Inc. Capital Stock.(2)
4.2Indenture, dated as of August 20, 2020, among ANGI Group, LLC, the guarantors party thereto and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.



161


10.1Amended and Restated Governance Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2005, among IAC/InterActiveCorp, Liberty Media Corporation and Barry Diller.
10.2Letter Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2010, by and among IAC/InterActiveCorp, Liberty Media Corporation, Liberty USA Holdings, LLC and Barry Diller.


152


10.3Letter Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2010, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Barry Diller.
10.4Credit Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2021, by and among Dotdash Meredith, Inc., as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto.
10.5IAC/InterActiveCorp 2018 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.6Form of Notice and Terms and Conditions for 2020 Five- Year Restricted Stock Unit Awards.(3)(2)
Form of Notice and Terms and Conditions for 2023 and 2024 Restricted Stock Units. (2)(3)

10.8IAC/InterActiveCorp 2013 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.810.9Form of Terms and Conditions for Stock Options granted under the IAC/InterActiveCorp 2013 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.910.10IAC/InterActiveCorp 2008 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.1010.11Form of Terms and Conditions for Stock Options granted under the IAC/InterActiveCorp 2008 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.1110.12IAC/InterActiveCorp Amended and Restated 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)Plan (effective December 17, 2008).(2)
10.1210.13Form of Terms and Conditions for Stock Options granted under the IAC/InterActiveCorp 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan.(3)(2)
10.1310.14Summary of IAC/InterActiveCorp Non-Employee Director Compensation Arrangements.(3)(2)
10.1410.152011 IAC/InterActiveCorp Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors.(3)(2)
10.1510.16Equity and Bonus Compensation Arrangement, dated as of August 24, 1995, between Barry Diller and the Registrant.(3)(2)
10.1610.17Employment Agreement between Joseph Levin and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of November 5, 2020.(3)(2)
10.1710.18Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2021, by and between Joseph Levin and IAC/InterActiveCorp.(3)(2)
10.1810.19Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Victor A. Kaufman and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of March 15, 2012.(3)(2)

162


10.1910.20Employment Agreement between Christopher Halpin and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of January 4, 2022.(2)(3)
10.2010.21Employment Agreement between Mark Stein and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of June 28, 2018.(3)(2)
10.2110.22Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2023, between IAC Inc. and Mark Stein.(2)
10.23Employment Agreement between Kendall Handler and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of December 31, 2020.(3)(2)

153


10.22Separation Agreement between Glenn H. Schiffman and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of June 8, 2021.(3)
10.23Google Services Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2015, between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Google Inc.(3)(4)(5)
10.24Amendment No. 3 to Google Services Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2019 (with an effective date of April 1, 2020), between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Google LLC.(3)(4)(5)
10.25Amendment No. 4 to Google Services Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2021 (with an effective date of August 1, 2021), between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Google LLC and certain of their respective subsidiaries.(5)(3)(4)
10.2610.27Employee Matters Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Vimeo, Inc., dated as of May 24, 2021.(1)
10.2710.28Tax Matters Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Vimeo, Inc., dated as of May 24, 2021.
10.28Transition Services Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Vimeo, Inc., dated as of May 24, 2021.(1)
10.29Extension Request, dated as of August 26, 2021, pursuant to Transition Services Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Vimeo, Inc., dated as of May 24, 2021.
10.30Amended and Restated Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc.
10.31Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc.
10.32Transition Services Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc.
10.33Amendment No. 1, dated as of March 31, 2021, to Transition Services Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc., dated as of June 30, 2020.(1)
10.34Amendment No. 2, dated as of July 22, 2021, to Transition Services Agreement by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and Match Group, Inc., dated as of June 30, 2020.(1)
10.35Contribution Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.).
10.3610.34Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.)(1)
10.3710.35Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.).

154


10.3810.36Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.).

163


10.3910.37Services Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and between IAC/InterActiveCorp and ANGI Homeservices Inc. (now Angi Inc.).(1)
Subsidiaries of the Registrant as of December 31, 2021.(2)2023.(3)
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.(2)(3)
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.(3)
Certification of the Chairman and Senior Executive pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(2)(3)
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(2)(3)
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(2)(3)
Certification of the Chairman and Senior Executive pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(6)(5)
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(6)(5)
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(6)(5)
IAC Inc.’s Clawback Policy(3)
99.1Voting Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2020, by and among Barry Diller, The Arrow 1999 Trust, dated September 16, 1999, as amended, The AVF Trust U/A/D February 17, 2016, The TVF Trust U/A/D February 17, 2016, The TALT Trust U/A/D February 17, 2016, and Joseph M. Levin.
99.2
Consolidated Financial Statements of MGM Resorts International, Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon and Notes to such Consolidated Financial Statements - Incorporated by reference to Item 8 of MGM Resorts International's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-10362) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2024.
101.INSInline XBRL Instance (the instance document
does not appear in the Interactive Data File because
its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL
document)(2)(3)
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema(2)Schema(3)
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation(2)Calculation(3)
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition(2)Definition(3)
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels(2)Labels(3)
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation(2)Presentation(3)
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline
XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)


164


(1)PursuantAnnexes, schedules and/or exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5)601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, certain schedules and similar attachments have been omitted.S-K. The Registrant agrees to furnish on a supplemental basis a copy of any omitted attachment to the SEC on a confidential basis upon request.
(2)Filed herewith.
(3)Reflects management contracts and management and director compensatory plans.
(3)Filed herewith.
(4)Certain confidential information has been omitted from this exhibit pursuant to applicable SEC rules.
(5)Reflects redacted documents for which confidential treatment was previously granted to and/or extended for Old IAC.

155


(6)Furnished herewith.

156165


Item 16.    Form 10-K Summary
None.

157166


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
March 1, 2022February 29, 2024 IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC.
  By: /s/ CHRISTOPHER HALPIN
Christopher Halpin
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief FinancialOperating Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 1, 2022:February 29, 2024:
Signature Title
  
/s/ BARRY DILLER Chairman of the Board, Senior Executive and Director
Barry Diller
/s/ JOSEPH LEVIN Chief Executive Officer and Director
Joseph Levin
/s/ VICTOR A. KAUFMANVice Chairman and Director
Victor A. Kaufman
/s/ CHRISTOPHER HALPINExecutive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief FinancialOperating Officer
Christopher Halpin
/s/ MICHAEL H. SCHWERDTMANERIK BRADBURY Senior Vice President and Controller (Chief Accounting Officer)
Michael H. SchwerdtmanErik Bradbury
 
/s/ CHELSEA CLINTON Director
Chelsea Clinton
/s/ MICHAEL D. EISNER Director
Michael D. Eisner
/s/ BONNIE S. HAMMER Director
Bonnie S. Hammer
/s/ BRYAN LOURD Director
Bryan Lourd
/s/ WESTLEY MOOREDirector
Westley Moore
/s/ DAVID S. ROSENBLATT Director
David S. Rosenblatt
/s/ MARIA SEFERIANDirector
Maria Seferian
/s/ ALAN G. SPOON Director
Alan G. Spoon
/s/ ALEXANDER VON FURSTENBERG Director
Alexander von Furstenberg
/s/ RICHARD F. ZANNINO Director
Richard F. Zannino


158167


Schedule II
IAC/INTERACTIVECORPIAC INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
DescriptionDescriptionBalance at
Beginning
of Period
Charges to
Earnings
 Charges to
Other Accounts
 Deductions Balance at
End of Period
DescriptionBalance at
Beginning
of Period
Charges to
Earnings
 Charges to
Other Accounts
 Deductions Balance at
End of Period
(In thousands) (In thousands)
2023
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for credit losses
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Other reserves
20222022        
Allowance for credit losses
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Deferred tax valuation allowance
Other reserves
202120212021        
Allowance for credit lossesAllowance for credit losses$27,178 $89,893 (a)$123 $(80,557)(c)$36,637 
Revenue reserves2,062 122,877 (b)— (121,857)(d)3,082 
Deferred tax valuation allowanceDeferred tax valuation allowance111,691 (1,620)(e)2,569 (f)— 112,640 
Other reservesOther reserves8,054 13,220 
2020        
Allowance for credit losses$19,984 $78,931 (a)$(152)$(71,585)(c)$27,178 
Revenue reserves3,891 110,796 (b)— (112,625)(d)2,062 
Deferred tax valuation allowance91,180 11,443 (g)9,068 (h)—  111,691 
Other reserves5,057      8,054 
2019        
Allowance for credit losses$16,164 $64,478 (a)$(45)$(60,613)(c)$19,984 
Revenue reserves1,792 114,005 (b)(2)(111,904)(d)3,891 
Deferred tax valuation allowance86,778 6,006 (i)(1,604)(h)—  91,180 
Other reserves3,919      5,057 

(a)     Additions to the allowance for credit losses are charged to expense.
(b)    Additions to the revenue reserves are charged against revenue.
(c)    Write-offAmount is primarily write-offs of fully reserved accounts receivable, net of recoveries.
(d)(c)    Amount is primarily related to write-off of revenue reserve at Angi Inc. primarily related to credits granted to customers.
(e)    Amount is primarily relatedrelates to a decreasenet increase in bothunbenefited capital losses and foreign net operating losses ("NOLs") and, partially offset by expiring foreign tax credits.
(d)    Amount primarily relates to currency translation adjustments on foreign NOLs.
(e)    Amount primarily relates to a decrease in federal NOLs, partially offset by a net increase in unbenefited capital losses offset by an increase in federal NOLs.losses.
(f)    Amount is primarily relates to a change in judgement on the realizability of foreign NOLs related to Meredith, acquired foreign and state NOLsby Dotdash on December 1, 2021, partially offset by currency translation adjustments on foreign NOLs.
(g)    Amount is primarily relatedrelates to impairments of certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values.a decrease in both foreign NOLs and unbenefited capital losses, partially offset by an increase in federal NOLs.
(h)     Amount is primarily relatedrelates to acquired foreign and state NOLs, partially offset by currency translation adjustments on foreign NOLs.
(i)     Amount is primarily related to an increase in foreign NOLs partially offset by a net decrease in unbenefited capital losses.


159168