UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K/A10-K


(Mark One)

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20042007

OR

 

¨

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission File Number 000-30975

 


 

TRANSGENOMIC, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 


Delaware 91-1789357

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification Number)

12325 Emmet Street

Omaha, NE 68164

 68164
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(402) 452-5400

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class


 

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered


None

 N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

(Title of Class)

 


 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes      No      X    

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes      No      X    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  x    X        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K  xForm 10-K  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, (as defineda non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer¨        Accelerated Filer    No  ¨        Non-Accelerated Filer¨        Smaller Reporting Companyx

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

Yes      No      X    

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the last reported closing price per share of Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq National Marketthe OTC Bulletin Board on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $38.4$27.9 million.

As of April 14, 2005,At March 30, 2008, the registrant had 34,238,97049,189,672 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


Portions of the registrant Proxy Statement relating to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) have been incorporated into Part III of this Report on Form 10-K.


Explanatory NoteTRANSGENOMIC, INC.

Transgenomic, Inc (the “Company”) is amending its annual report onIndex to Form 10-K for the year endedFiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004 (“Form 10-K”) to include the information required by Part III of the Form 10-K. The Company filed its Form 10-K on April 15, 2005, which indicated that it would incorporate many sections of Part III by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement. At this time, the Company no longer expects to be able to file its definitive proxy statement within the applicable time frame required for incorporating by reference information into the Company’s Form 10-K. Therefore, the Company is filing this amended Form 10-K/A to include such information and to remove references to the proxy statement. Except as indicated, the Company has made no other changes to its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

Part III2007

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.

Directors

The following table sets forth information about our directors, including the nominees who are to be voted on at our annual meeting. There are no arrangements or understandings pursuant to which either nominee was selected. The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Saxena, Sloma, Sklar and Santoni are independent directors of the Company under the listing standards adopted by the Nasdaq Stock Market. All directors have held the positions with the companies (or their predecessors) set forth under “Principal Occupation” for at least five years, unless otherwise indicated.

Name


  Age

  

Principal Occupation


  Director
Since


  Term To
Expire


NOMINEES            
Gregory T. Sloma  53  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SpeedNet Services, Inc.(1)  2004  2005
Jeffrey L. Sklar, M.D., Ph.D.  57  Professor of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine(2)  1997  2005
DIRECTORS CONTINUING IN OFFICE      
Gregory J. Duman  49  President of Prism Technologies LLC(3)  2000  2006
Roland J. Santoni  63  Vice President of West Development, Inc.(4)  2000  2006
Collin J. D’Silva  48  President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company(5)  1997  2007
Parag Saxena  49  Chief Executive Officer of INVESCO Private Capital, Inc.  1999  2007

(1)Mr. Sloma is also a director of West Corporation. From 1996 to 2003, Mr. Sloma served in several capacities including President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Executive Officer, and Vice Chairman and Director of Mergers & Acquisitions for DTN Corporation. In September 2003, DTN Corporation filed a pre-packaged Chapter 11 reorganization petition in bankruptcy. DTN Corporation emerged from bankruptcy on October 31, 2003.
(2)From 1989 to 2003, Dr. Sklar was Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School.
(3)From 2001 to 2003, Mr. Duman was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. From 2000 to 2001, Mr. Duman was Chief Financial Officer of Artios, Inc. From 1983 to 2000, Mr. Duman served in several capacities including Controller, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Transaction Systems Architects, Inc.
(4)From 1977 to 2003, Mr. Santoni was Professor of Law at Creighton University. In addition, from 1978 to 2003, he served Of Counsel with the law firm of Erickson & Sederstrom, P.C.
(5)Mr. D’Silva is also a director of Bruker Biosciences Corporation, formerly known as Bruker Daltonics, Inc.

The Board of Directors has established and assigned certain responsibilities to an Audit Committee and a Compensation Committee. We do not have a standing nominating committee. The Board determined that due to the relatively small size of the Board, and due to the policy on director nominations, which is described below, it was not necessary to form a separate committee to evaluate director nominations. Under the director nomination policy, director candidates are identified primarily through suggestions made by directors, management and stockholders of the Company. We have implemented no material changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees for the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors will consider director nominees


recommended by stockholders that are submitted in writing to the Secretary of the Company in a timely manner and which provide necessary biographical and business experience information regarding the nominee. All candidates for director will be evaluated based on their independence, character, judgment, diversity of experience, financial or business acumen, ability to represent and act on behalf of all shareholders, and the needs of the Board. In general, the Board expects to nominate incumbent directors who express an interest in continuing to serve on the Board. The independent directors of the Company review and consider all candidates to serve as a director of the Company who are properly suggested by directors, management and stockholders of the Company, and that the Board of Directors will select its nominees to serve as a director of the Company from among those candidates who are recommended to the Board of Directors by a majority of the independent directors of the Company.

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities include monitoring the integrity of our financial statements, monitoring the independence and performance of our external auditors, and monitoring our compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The functions of the Audit Committee also include reviewing periodically with independent auditors the performance of the services for which they are engaged, including reviewing the scope of the annual audit and its results, reviewing with management and the auditors the adequacy of our internal accounting controls, reviewing with management and the auditors the financial results prior to the filing of quarterly and annual reports, and reviewing fees charged by our independent auditors. Our independent auditors report directly and are accountable solely to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has the sole authority to hire and fire the independent auditors and is responsible for the oversight of the performance of their duties, including ensuring the independence of the independent auditors. The Audit Committee also approves in advance the retention of, and all fees to be paid to, the independent auditors. The rendering of any auditing services and all non-auditing services by the independent auditors is subject to the approval in advance of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter which is available on our website at www.transgenomic.com. The Audit Committee is required to be composed of directors who are independent of the Company under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and under the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The current members of the Audit Committee are directors Santoni, Saxena and Sloma. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Sloma qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee reviews and approves our compensation policy, changes in salary levels and bonus payments to our executive officers and other management and determines the timing and terms of awards made pursuant to our stock option plan. The Compensation Committee currently consists of directors Sklar, Santoni and Saxena, each of whom has been determined by the Board of Directors to be independent under the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

Executive Officers.

Our executive officers are appointed annually by the Board of Directors at the first meeting following the annual stockholder’s meeting. Other officers are appointed by the Board of Directors from time to time. Each officer holds office until a successor has been duly appointed and qualified or until the death, resignation or removal of such officer.

Our officers and their ages as of December 31, 2004 are listed below followed by a brief biography.

 

NamePART I


 Age

Item 1.

 

PositionBusiness


Collin J. D’Silva  47K-2
 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Michael A. Summers

Item 1A.

 40

Risk Factors

  Chief Financial OfficerK-6
Keith A. Johnson 46

Item 1B.

 Vice President, General Counsel
Mitchell L. Murphy

Unresolved Staff Comments

  48K-11
 Vice President, Secretary

Item 2.

Properties

K-11

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

K-11

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

K-11

PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and TreasurerIssuer Purchases of Equity Securities

K-12

Item 6.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

K-13

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

K-14

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

K-26

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

K-27

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006

K-29

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

K-30

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

K-31

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

K-32

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

K-33

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreement with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

K-50

Item 9AT.

Controls and Procedures

K-50

Item 9B.

Other Information

K-52

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

K-53

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

K-53

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

K-53

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

K-54

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

K-54

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

K-54

SIGNATURES

K-58

This Annual Report on Form 10-K references the following registered trademarks which are the property of Transgenomic: DNASEP® Columns, WAVE® System, WAVEMAKER® Software, TRANSFORMING THE WORLD® for Laboratory Equipment, TRANSGENOMIC® and the Globe Logo®; MutationDiscovery.com® Website, OLIGOSEP® for Systems and Reagents, OPTIMASE® Polymerase, RNASEP® Columns, SURVEYOR® WAVE OPTIMIZED® reagents, and WAVE® MD Systems. Additionally, this Annual Report on Form 10-K references the following trademarks which are the property of Transgenomic: MitoScreen Kits, ProtocolWriter Software, Navigator Software, THE POWER OF DISCOVERY for Lab Reagents and Educational Programs, and Surveyor Nuclease. All other trademarks or trade names referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.

PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains or incorporates by reference certain forward-looking statements. Many of these forward-looking statements refer to our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, as well as our future financial results and are subject to risk and uncertainty. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including those discussed under Item 1A “Risk Factors” and other factors identified by cautionary language used elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1.

Our Business

We provide innovative products for the synthesis, purification and analysis of nucleic acids used in the life sciences industry for research focused on molecular genetics and diagnostics. We also provide genetic variation analytical services to the medical research, clinical and pharmaceutical markets. Net sales are categorized as bioinstruments, bioconsumables and discovery services.

·

Bioinstruments.    Our flagship product is the WAVE System which has broad applicability to genetic variation detection in both molecular genetic research and molecular diagnostics. There is a world-wide installed base of over 1,400 WAVE Systems as of December 31, 2007. We also distribute bioinstruments produced by other manufacturers (“OEM Equipment”) through our sales and distribution network. Service contracts to maintain installed systems are sold and supported by technical support personnel.

 

·

Bioconsumables.    The installed WAVE base and some third party installed platforms generate a demand for consumables that are required for the systems’ continued operation. We develop, manufacture and sell these products. In addition, we manufacture and sell consumable products that can be used on multiple, independent platforms. These products include SURVEYOR Nuclease and a range of high pressure liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) separation columns.

Collin J. D’Silva.Mr. D’Silva has served as our Chairman

·

Discovery Services.    Our Pharmacogenomics Research Service group is a contract research lab in Gaithersburg, Maryland that primarily provides genomic biomarker analysis services to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies to support preclinical and clinical development of targeted therapeutics. Our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory, in Omaha, Nebraska provides molecular-based testing for hematology, oncology and certain inherited diseases for physicians and third-party laboratories. The Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory operates in a Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”) compliant environment and is certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment.

Historically, we operated a segment (the “Nucleic Acids operating segment”) that developed, manufactured and marketed chemical building blocks for nucleic acid synthesis. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we implemented a plan to exit the Nucleic Acids operating segment and have recently completed the sale of the Boardremaining assets associated with this segment. Accordingly, the assets and Chief Executive Officer since 1997results of the Nucleic Acids operating segment are reflected as discontinued operations for all periods presented in this filing.

Business Strategy

Since inception, our business strategy has been to provide products and services to biomedical researchers, medical institutions, diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies that are tied to advancements in the field of genomics. Advances in genomics have fueled efforts to understand individual differences in disease susceptibility, disease progression, and response to therapy. Accordingly, a principal component of our strategy has and continues to be to establish our WAVE System as an industry standard in the biomedical research market and to develop additional markets for the WAVE System such as clinical research and diagnostics. Through an expanding base of installed systems, we expect to increase the sales of consumable products used with the WAVE System and create opportunities to market additional products to this customer base.

Over the last year our strategy has shifted somewhat to include another area of strategic focus that we believe can provide significant opportunity. Through our Discovery Services offerings, we have gained exposure to the translational and clinical research markets, laying the foundation for increasing our participation in the full value chain associated with activities ranging from basic biomedical research to development of diagnostic and therapeutic products. During the fourth quarter of 2005, our laboratory in Omaha, Nebraska was certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments and we received our first patient samples for molecular-based testing for hematology, oncology and certain inherited diseases for physicians and third-party laboratories. We believe there is a significant opportunity for us to capitalize on the increasing demand for molecular-based personalized medicine by leveraging on our technologies and experience gained from the genomic biomarker analysis that our Discovery Services Group has and will continue to provide to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies.

Significant Recent Events

We have continued to work to reduce operating costs

On February 20, 2007, we announced a cost reduction plan designed to align our cost structure with anticipated revenues. The closing of the Company’s Cramlington, England production facility was the principal component of this plan. All production is now being done in the United States at our Omaha, NE and San Jose, CA facilities. All administrative functions that were previously performed in France are now being performed in either the United States or in our one remaining international site, Glasgow, Scotland. Restructure charges were $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, relating primarily to severance, benefits and facility closure costs.

Our stock has been delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market and is now trading on the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB)

On February 1, 2007, we received a staff determination letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department indicating that we no longer met the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. As a result, our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market was ended on February 22, 2007. Trading information about our common stock became available on the OTC Bulletin Board beginning on February 26, 2007.

Sales and Marketing

We have sold our products to customers in over 50 countries. We use a direct sales and support staff for sales in the U.S., U.K. and most countries in Western Europe. For the rest of the world, we sell our products through dealers and distributors located in those local markets. We have over 35 dealers and distributors. We also maintain regionally-based technical support staffs and applications scientists to support our sales and marketing activities throughout the U.S. and Europe. The nature of our instruments and bioconsumables business does not generally lend itself to tracking and reporting sales backlog.

Customers

Customers include numerous leading academic and medical institutions in the U.S. and abroad. In addition, our customers also include a Director. Mr. D’Silva,number of large, established U.S. and foreign pharmaceutical, biotech and commercial companies. No customer accounts for more than 10% of consolidated net sales.

Research and Development

We will need to continue to invest in research and development activities in order to remain competitive and to take advantage of new business opportunities as they arise. Accordingly, we maintain an active program of research and development with respect to bioinstruments, consumables and discovery services. Areas of focus include the improvement of the DNA separation media used in our WAVE System, the refinement of the hardware and software components of the WAVE System, the creation of unique enzymes and WAVE-Optimized enzymes, and the development of assays on the WAVE System. We have also focused on further refinements and process manufacturing improvements for our Surveyor DNA mismatch cutting enzyme. A significant area of research in discovery services is the area of cancer detection screening and mitochondrial disease diagnosis.

For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, our research and development expenses were $3.0 million, $2.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Manufacturing

We manufacture bioconsumable products including our separation columns, liquid reagents, and enzymes. The major components of our WAVE Systems are manufactured for us by a co-founderthird party. We integrate our own hardware and software with these third party manufactured components. Our manufacturing facilities for our WAVE Systems and bioconsumables are located in Omaha, Nebraska and San Jose, California.

Intellectual Property

To establish and protect our proprietary technologies and products, we rely on a combination of Transgenomic, has workedpatent, copyright, trademark and trade-secret laws, as well as confidentiality provisions in our contracts. We presently own rights to 68 issued patents and 14 pending applications in both the U.S. and abroad. Our WAVE System and related consumables are protected by patents and in-licensed technologies that expire in various periods beginning in 2013 through 2022. We will continue to file patent applications and seek new licenses as warranted to protect and develop new technologies of interest to our customer base in the coming years.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and characterized by rapidly changing technological advances. A number of our competitors possess substantial resources and are able to develop and offer a much greater breadth of products and/or services, coupled with significant marketing and distribution capabilities. We compete principally on the basis of uniquely enabling technical advantages in specific but significant market segments.

Competition for our WAVE Systems arises primarily from DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies. Competitors in these areas include Applied Biosystems, Idaho Technologies, Roche, Sequenom, and others. Competition for some of our non-WAVE consumable products comes from numerous well-diversified life sciences reagents providers, including, among others, Invitrogen, Qiagen, Roche, Stratagene, and Promega. Our discovery services face competition from a number of companies offering contract DNA sequencing and other genomic analysis services, including Genizon, Clinical Data, SeqWright and others. In addition, several clinical diagnostics service providers, such as Labcorp, Quest, Athena and Specialty Laboratories, also offer related laboratory services in support of clinical trials. Finally, additional competition arises from academic core laboratory facilities.

Employees

As of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we had employees focused in the Companyfollowing areas of our operation:

   December 31,
   2007  2006  2005

Manufacturing

  30  47  56

Sales, Marketing and Administration

  76  65  73

Research and Development

  10  16  10
         
  116  128  139

Personnel associated with discontinued operations

      17
         
  116  128  156
         

Our employees were employed in the following geographical locations:

   December 31,
   2007  2006  2005

United States

  89  84  94

Europe (other than the United Kingdom)

  13  23  23

United Kingdom

  14  21  39
         
  116  128  156
         

General Information

We were incorporated in Delaware on March 6, 1997. Our principal office is located at 12325 Emmet Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68164 (telephone: 402-452-5400). We maintain manufacturing facilities in Omaha, Nebraska and its predecessors since 1988. Mr. D’Silva was employedSan Jose, California. We maintain research and development offices in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Omaha, Nebraska.

We make reports filed by AT&T from 1980 to 1988. At AT&T, he held various positions in engineering, materials management, sales support and business development. His last position at AT&T was Business Unit Manager and Engineering Manager for a network distribution products division. Mr. D’Silva holds a B.S. degree and a M.Eng. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State University and an M.B.A. from Creighton University.us with the SEC available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed. The address of our website iswww.transgenomic.com. Information on our website, including any SEC report, is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Michael A. SummersWe may not have adequate financial resources to execute our business plan..Mr. Summers joined Transgenomic, Inc.

We have historically operated at a loss and have not consistently generated sufficient cash from operating activities to cover our operating and other cash expenses. While we have been able to historically finance our operating losses through borrowings or from the issuance of additional equity, we currently have no plans to borrow additional funds or to issue additional equity securities for this purpose. At December 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $5.7 million. While we believe that existing sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet expected cash needs through 2008, we will need to increase our revenues or further reduce our operating expenses in August 2004order to be assured of meeting our liquidity needs on a long-term basis. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to increase our revenues or further reduce our expenses and, currently serves as Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Summers was employed with C&A Industries, Inc. from 2003accordingly, we may not have sufficient sources of liquidity to 2004 where as General Manager he was responsible forcontinue the operations of various divisionsthe Company indefinitely.

We have a history of operating losses and may incur losses in the future.

We have experienced annual losses from continuing operations since inception of our operations. Our losses from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $2.2 million, $3.0 million, and $5.0 million, respectively. These losses have been due principally to the high levels of research and development expenses and sales and marketing expenses that provided human capital managementwe have incurred in order to develop and consulting services. From 2001market our products, the fixed nature of our manufacturing costs, restructuring charges and impairment charges. In addition, markets for our products and services have developed more slowly than expected in many cases and may continue to 2003, he was Executive Vice Presidentdo so. As a result, we may incur operating losses in the future.

Markets for our products and Chief Financial Officerservices may continue to develop slowly.

There are many factors that affect the market demand for Nexterna, Inc.,our products and services that we cannot control. Demand for our WAVE System is affected by the needs and budgetary resources of research institutions, universities, hospitals and others who use the WAVE System for genetic-variation research. The WAVE System represents a wholly-owned technology subsidiarysignificant expenditure by these types of customers and often requires a long sales cycle. If revenues from the sales of our products and services continue at current levels, we may need to take steps to further reduce operating expenses or raise additional working capital. We cannot assure you that sales will increase or that we will be able to reduce operating expenses or raise additional working capital. Similarly, the sales cycle for the OEM equipment that we sell can also be a lengthy

Sales of our Discovery Services have been variable.

Discovery services includes services performed by both our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory and our Pharmacogenomics Research Services. Testing volumes at the Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory is dependent on patient visits to doctor’s offices and other providers of health

care and tends to fluctuate on a seasonal basis. Volume of testing generally declines during the year end holiday periods, other major holidays and the summer. The Pharmocogenomics Laboratory depends on project based work which will change from quarter to quarter. Therefore, comparison of the Union Pacific Corporation. From 2000 to 2001, he wasresults of successive quarters may not accurately reflect trends or results for the Chief Accounting Officerfull year.

Compliance with HIPPA is time consuming and costly.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and associated regulations protect the privacy and security of certain healthcare information and establish standards for Able Telcom Holding Corp., a publicly-owned project management and construction company. Mr. Summers graduated from Creighton Universityelectronic healthcare transactions in 1987 with a B.S. degree in business administration with an accounting major. He is a Certified Public Accountant.


Keith A. Johnson.Mr. Johnson joined us in 2002 as Vice President, General Counsel. Mr. Johnson has a B.A. in Biochemistry from Kalamazoo College, an M.B.A. in International Business and Marketing from Michigan State, and a law degree from the University of San Diego. Before joining Transgenomic Mr. Johnson was Director of Intellectual Property, Technology Development and Licensing at Integra LifeSciences in Plainsboro, NJ, from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Johnson’s previous experience also includes Senior Licensing Manager, Rutgers University, from 1998 to 1999 and Technology Licensing Officer, Washington State University, from 1995 to 1998. Mr. Johnson is a member of the state bars of California, Washington, New Jersey and Nebraska and is admitted to practice before the United States PatentStates. The privacy regulations establish federal standards regarding the uses and Trade Office.disclosures of protected health information. Our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory is subject to HIPAA and its associated regulations and if we fail to comply with these laws and regulations we could suffer civil and criminal penalties, fines, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate this business. We could also incur liabilities from third party claims.

The sale of our products and business operations in international markets subjects us to additional risks.

During the past several years, international sales have represented more than half of our total net sales. As a result, a major portion of our revenues are subject to risks associated with international sales and operations. These risks include:

 

Ÿ

payment cycles in foreign markets are typically longer than in the U.S., and capital spending budgets for research agencies can vary over time with foreign governments;

Ÿ

changes in foreign currency exchange rates can make our products more costly in local currencies since our foreign sales are typically paid for in British Pounds or the Euro; and

Ÿ

the potential for changes in U.S. and foreign laws or regulations that result in additional import or export restrictions, higher tariffs or other taxes, more burdensome licensing requirements or similar impediments to our ability to sell products and services profitably in these markets.

Mitchell L. Murphy.Our WAVE System includes hardware components and instrumentation manufactured by a single supplier and if we are no longer able to obtain these components and instrumentation our ability to manufacture our products could be impaired.Mr. Murphy joined us

We rely on a single supplier, Hitachi High Technologies America, to provide the basic instrument modules used in 1992. His current duties includeour WAVE Systems. While other suppliers of instrumentation are available, we believe that our arrangement with Hitachi offers strategic advantages. We have successfully converted the overall corporate administrationlatest model of WAVE systems to utilize Hitachi’s newest instrument line. If we were required to seek alternative sources of supply, it could be time consuming or expensive or require significant and shareholder relations. Priorcostly modification of our WAVE System. Also, if we were unable to joining Transgenomic, he held accounting and financial management positions for 15 years with companies involvedobtain instruments from Hitachi in manufacturing, steel distribution and rebar fabrication. He spent over two years as an auditor for the Omaha, Nebraska office of Deloitte, Haskins & Sells (now Deloitte & Touche LLP) working in a broad range of industries. Mr. Murphy graduated with honors from Creighton University in 1978 with a B.S. degree in business administration with an accounting major.

Section16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance. Item 405 of Regulation S-K requires disclosure of any known late filingsufficient quantities or failure by an insider to file a report required by Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We believe all Section 16 reports were filed in a timely manner, our ability to manufacture our products could be impaired, which could limit our future revenues.

We may not have adequate personnel to execute our business plan.

In order to reduce our operating costs, we have reduced the number of employees in all areas of the business. In addition, we may lose other key management, scientific, technical, sales and

manufacturing personnel from time to time. It may be very difficult to replace personnel if they are needed in the future, and the loss of key personnel could harm our business and operating results. We cannot assure you that our employee reductions will not impair our ability to continue to develop new products and refine existing products in order to remain competitive. In addition, these reductions could prevent us from successfully marketing our products and developing our customer base.

Our markets are very competitive.

Many of our competitors have greater resources than we do and/or may enjoy other competitive advantages. This may allow them to more effectively market their products to our customers or potential customers, to develop products that make our products obsolete or to produce and sell products less expensively than us. As a result of these competitive factors, demand for and pricing of our products and services could be negatively affected.

Our patents may not protect us from others using our technology that could harm our business and competitive position.

Patent law relating to the scope of claims in the technology fields in which we operate is still evolving. The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that others will not independently develop similar or alternative products or technology, duplicate any of our products, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products developed by us. Our patents or licenses could be challenged by litigation and, if the outcome of such litigation were adverse to us, our competitors could be free to use our technology. We may not be able to obtain additional patents for our technology, or if we are able to do so, patents may not provide us with substantial protection or be commercially beneficial. In addition, we could incur substantial costs in litigation if we are required to defend ourselves in patent suits brought by third parties or if we initiate such suits.

We cannot be certain that other measures taken to protect our intellectual property will be effective.

We rely upon trade secret protection, copyright and trademark laws, non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions for some of our confidential and proprietary information that is not subject matter for which patent protection is being sought. Such measures, however, may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If such measures do not protect our rights, third parties could use our technology and our ability to compete in the market would be reduced.

We are dependent upon our licensed technologies and may need to obtain additional licenses in the future to offer our products and remain competitive.

We have licensed key components of our technologies from third parties. If these agreements were to terminate prematurely due to our breach of the terms of these licenses or we otherwise fail to maintain our rights to such technology, we may lose the right to manufacture or sell a substantial portion of our products. In addition, we may need to obtain licenses to additional technologies in the future in order to keep our products competitive. If we fail to license or otherwise acquire necessary technologies, we may not be able to develop new products that we need to remain competitive.

The protection of intellectual property in foreign countries is uncertain.

A significant percentage of our sales are to customers located outside the U.S. The patent and other intellectual property laws of some foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws. We may need to bring proceedings to defend our patent rights or to determine the validity of our competitors’ foreign patents. These proceedings could result in substantial cost and diversion of our efforts. Finally, some of our patent protection in the U.S. is not available to us in foreign countries due to the laws of those countries.

Our products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

There are a significant number of U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications submitted for technologies in, or related to, our area of business. As a result, any application or exploitation of our technology could infringe patents or proprietary rights of others and any licenses that we might need as a result of such infringement might not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. This may lead others to assert patent infringement or other intellectual property claims against us.

Our failure to comply with any applicable government regulations or otherwise respond to claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of hazardous chemicals that we use may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials and chemicals. We are subject to federal, state, local and international laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. If we fail to comply with applicable laws or regulations, we could be required to pay penalties or be held liable for any damages that result and this liability could exceed our financial resources. We cannot assure you that accidental contamination or injury will not occur. Any such accident could damage our research and manufacturing facilities and operations, resulting in delays and increased costs.

The price for our common stock is volatile and may drop.

The trading price for our common stock has fluctuated significantly over recent years. The volatility in the price of our stock is attributable to a number of factors, not all of which relate to our operating results and financial position. The delisting of our stock from the NASDAQ may negatively affect the volume of shares traded and the price for our stock. Continued volatility in the market price for our stock should be expected and we cannot assure you that the price of our stock will not decrease in the future. Fluctuations or further declines in the price of our stock may affect our ability to sell shares of our stock and to raise capital through future equity financing.

Our common stock is deemed to be “penny stock”, which may make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares due to suitability requirements.

Our common stock is classified as a “penny stock” under the rules of the SEC. The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted Rule 3a51-1 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock”, for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, Rule 15g-9 requires:

·

that a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks; and

·

that the broker or dealer receives from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.

In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:

·

obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person; and

·

make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.

The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:

·

sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination; and

·

that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.

Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.

Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

We may issue a substantial amount of our common stock to holders of options and warrants and this could reduce the market price for our stock.

At December 31, 2007, we had obligations to issue 12,583,879 shares of common stock including outstanding stock options representing 4,535,064 shares and warrants representing 8,048,815 shares. The issuance of these additional shares of common stock may be dilutive to our current shareholders and could negatively impact the market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is thinly traded and a large percentage of our shares are held by a small group of unrelated, institutional owners.

At December 31, 2007, we had 49,189,672 shares of common stock outstanding. Fewer than ten unrelated, institutional holders own more than 50% of these shares The sale of significant shares into the public market has potential to cause significant downward pressure on the price of our common stock. This is particularly the case if the shares being placed into the market exceed the market’s ability to absorb the stock. Such an event could place further downward pressure on the price of our common stock. This presents an opportunity for short sellers to contribute to the further decline of our stock price. If there are significant short sales of our stock, the price decline that would result from this activity will

cause the share price to decline more so, which, in turn, may cause long holders of the stock to sell their shares thereby contributing to sales of stock in the market.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.

Properties

We currently lease and occupy a total of six facilities throughout the world under non-cancelable leases with various terms. The following table summarizes certain information regarding the leased facilities. Annual rent amounts presented in the table are reflected in thousands.

Location

 

Function

 

Square
Footage

 

2008
Scheduled
Rent

 

Lease Term
Expires

Omaha, Nebraska

 WAVE and Consumable Manufacturing 25,000 $130 June 2009

San Jose, California

 Consumable Manufacturing 14,360 $165 October 2010

Cramlington, England

 Consumable Manufacturing 10,818 $19 March 2008

Glasgow, Scotland

 Multi Functional(1) 5,059 $31 March 2012

Omaha, Nebraska

 Multi Functional(1) 18,265 $188 July 2012

Paris, France

 Multi Functional(1) 4,753 $104 January 2014

Gaithersburg, Maryland

 Multi Functional(1) 8,404 $145 May 2012

(1)

Multi Functional facilities include functions related to manufacturing, services, sales and marketing, research and development and/or administration.

The leases on the Cramlington, England facility will expire in March 2008, and we will be vacating the property at that time. We have vacated the Paris, France facility and are in the process of finding a tenant to sublease this facility.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceedings which, if decided adversely to the Company, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

We did not submit any matters to our stockholders for a vote or other approval during 2004.the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.

PART II

 

Item 5.

Market for the Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

Code of EthicsMarket Information.. The Board of Directors has adopted a code of ethical conduct that applies to    Share price information for our principal executive officers and senior financial officers as required by Section 406 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. This code of ethical conduct is embodied within our Business Ethics Policy, which applies to all persons associated with the Company, including our directors, officers, and employees, and complies with the listing standards adopted by the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Business Ethics Policycommon stock is available on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol TBIO.OB. Prior to February 22, 2007, our website at www.transgenomic.com.


Item 11. Executive Compensation.

common stock was listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol TBIO. The following table sets forth information regarding the annualhigh and long-term compensationlow closing prices for our common stock during each of the quarters of 2006 and 2007.

   High  Low

Year Ended December 31, 2006

    

First Quarter

  $    1.03  $    0.62

Second Quarter

  $0.84  $0.39

Third Quarter

  $.77  $0.31

Fourth Quarter

  $.89  $0.40

Year Ended December 31, 2007

    

First Quarter

  $.80  $.42

Second Quarter

  $.88  $.61

Third Quarter

  $.75  $.49

Fourth Quarter

  $.72  $.41

Holders.    At December 31, 2007, there are 49,189,672 shares of our common stock outstanding and approximately 3,310 holders of record.

Dividends.    We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain all earnings, if any, for investment in our business. Dividends on our common stock will be paid only if and when declared by usour Board of Directors. The Board’s ability to declare a dividend is subject to limits imposed by Delaware corporate law. In determining whether to declare dividends, the Board may consider our Chief Executive Officer, our threefinancial condition, results of operations, working capital requirements, future prospects and other executive officers and two former executive officers for services renderedrelevant factors.

Sale of Unregistered Securities.    The Company made no sales of its common stock during the three years ended December 31, 2004.2007 and 2006 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). Information regarding sales of equity securities by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2005 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 have been previously reported by the Company on Form 8-Ks filed on March 18, 2005, March 30, 2005 and October 31, 2005.

Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities.    The Company made no purchases of its common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2007. Therefore, tabular disclosure is not presented.

Item 6.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the selected consolidated statements of operations data for each year ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 and the selected consolidated statements of operations data for each year ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Dollar amounts, except per share data, are presented in thousands.

   Year Ended December 31, 
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

  

2004

  

2003

 

Statement of Operations Data:

      

Net sales

  $    23,176  $    23,415  $    25,828  $    25,243  $    26,044 

Cost of good sold

   10,483   12,046   13,497   11,997   11,374 
                     

Gross profit

   12,693   11,369   12,331   13,246   14,670 

Selling, general and administrative

   11,466   12,138   12,218   15,961   16,586 

Research and development

   3,033   2,362   2,199   4,501   6,834 

Restructuring charges(1)

   1,516         1,267   516 

Impairment charges(2)

         425       
                     

Operating expenses

   16,015   14,500   14,842   21,729   23,936 

Other income (expense)(3)

   1,391   198   (2,447)  (5,263)  (181)
                     

Loss before income taxes

   (1,931)  (2,933)  (4,958)  (13,746)  (9,447)

Income tax expense

   243   30   26   4   65 
                     

Loss from continuing operations

   (2,174)  (2,963)  (4,984)  (13,750)  (9,512)

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(4)

   67   (468)  (10,009)  (20,622)  (13,446)
                     

Net loss

  $(2,107) $(3,431) $(14,993) $(34,372) $(22,958)
                     

Basic and diluted (loss) income per share:(4)

      

From continuing operations

  $(0.04) $(0.06) $(0.14) $(0.47) $(0.39)

From discontinued operations(4)

   (0.00)  (0.01)  (0.28)  (0.72)  (0.55)
                     
  $(0.04) $(0.07) $(0.42) $(1.19) $(0.94)
                     

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding

   49,190 �� 49,188   35,688   29,006   24,484 
   As of December 31, 
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

  

2004

  

2003

 

Balance Sheet Data:

      

Total assets

  $19,090  $21,367  $25,340  $37,458  $57,306 

Borrowings under credit line(5)

            6,514   2,142 

Current portion of long-term debt(5)

            825   1,693 

Long-term debt, less current portion(5)

            2,199    

Total stockholders’ equity

   14,102   16,038   17,906   16,535   45,058 

(1)

Restructuring plans were implemented in 2007 and 2004 to reduce and align our expenses with current business prospects. The plans included employee terminations, office closures, termination of collaborations and write-offs of abandoned intellectual property. As a result, restructuring charges were recorded and are included in operating expenses. Refer to Note D to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(2)

Impairment charges in 2005 relate to the impairment of patent pursuits and write-down of inventory to net realizable value. Refer to Notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(3)

Other income (expense) for all years presented primarily includes interest expense and interest income. Other income in 2007 includes $.9 million from the sale of an investment security and $.2 million in insurance proceeds related to equipment destroyed in fire at our Cramlington, England facility. The loss on debt extinguishment of $0.5 million in 2005 related to the repayment of long-term debt and $2.9 million resulting from certain modifications to long-term borrowing agreements that were treated as extinguishments for financial reporting purposes.

(4)

During 2005, we decided to exit our Nucleic Acids operating segment and, as a result, we recorded impairment and exit charges of $8.8 million consisting of valuation adjustments to reflect the carrying value of related net assets at estimated fair market value. The results of this business segment are shown as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Refer to Note C to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(5)

The Laurus Loans were repaid during 2005 resulting in a loss on debt extinguishment of $.5 million.

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and applicable Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and other information in this report, including Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A and Critical Accounting Policies at the end of this Item 7.

Our continuing operations consist of the manufacture and sale of our WAVE System and related consumable products and discovery services which make use of the Company’s WAVE System to perform genomic research on a contract basis and disease testing services. These functions are categorized as one reportable operating segment. Although revenue is analyzed by type, the Company’s net financial results are analyzed as a single segment due to the integrated nature of the products and services that we sell. The Consolidated Financial Statements also reflect the assets and results of our former Nucleic Acids operating segment, which are shown as discontinued operations in all periods as a result of the implementation of a plan to exit this operating segment in the fourth quarter of 2005.

Executive Summary

2007 Results

Full year revenue for 2007 of $23.2 million was consistent with total revenue for 2006 of $23.4 million. Our instrument business declined in 2007 due to fewer WAVE system sales. The bioconsumable business had a slight increase of 2% from 2006 to 2007. The growth in our discovery services was 149% over the prior year. These revenues, coupled with our recently completed cost reduction efforts enabled us to achieve a profit in the fourth quarter of 2007 of $.2 million. The pharmacogenomics business increased from the third quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2007 by $.4 million. We believe this is due to our increased focus on pharmaceutical companies that we initiated at the beginning of 2007.

Although we have taken significant steps to reduce our operating expenses, we continued to operate at a loss and to generate a negative cash flow during the year. However, our loss and use of cash were reduced over each of the last three years. Our losses from continuing operations have gone from $5.0 million and $3.0 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, to $2.2 million in 2007. We were able to maintain our cash level of $5.7 million, avoid new debt and improve our gross margins.

2008 Outlook

We are forecasting revenue growth of 10-15% over 2007 and to be profitable in 2008. To accomplish these goals we must generate sequential growth in net sales and continue to better control operating expenses. We are investing in all parts of our business to drive improved sales in 2008 and have added experienced sales staff. We have worked hard to develop a significant number of exciting collaboration opportunities. In addition, we have strengthened our Board of Directors, added key senior management and formed a Scientific Advisory Board to advise us on the latest developments and scientific opportunities in cancer detection screening and mitochondrial disease diagnosis.

Develop sequential growth in net sales.

We will work to continue to leverage on and strengthen our core instrument business. Challenges exist for WAVE System and consumable growth in traditional markets. We continue to look for emerging markets and novel applications to provide us with new opportunities for our WAVE System. We intend to continue to diversify into new markets, including the personalized medicine market (particularly in oncology), where the sensitivities of our technologies are essential. In the short-term, we believe that the introduction of the newest generation of our flagship product, the WAVE System 4500 will provide upgrade opportunities to our current installed base. In addition, we are also selling refurbished WAVESystems in order to allow an opportunity for customers that may not be able to afford the cost of a new system. In the intermediate to longer-term, we believe that newly developed “targeted” consumable products will increase usability of our installed base and enhance net sales of consumables. Additionally, we have developed credibility and momentum with third-party platforms that will allow us to leverage on our direct sales force and distribution network.

On the discovery services front, we have hired two new business development directors to develop pharmaceutical and clinical research organization customers. We have entered into agreements with two major pharmaceutical companies for three Phase II trials representing more than $.5 million of revenues in the first half of 2008 and are focused on maintaining this momentum in our pharmacogenomics business. To compliment our mutation detection expertise, we also have strong capabilities in biomarker development and mutation detection in cancer pathway genes which will aid in the development of true personalized medicine for our pharmaceutical partners. We have also focused increased efforts to expand our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory sales by hiring three experienced sales representatives.

Continue to control operating expenses.

Operating expenses include selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. We will need to continue to invest in research and development activities in order to remain competitive and to take advantage of new business opportunities as they arise. During 2008, we expect operating expenses, including research and development expense, to be approximately equal to 2007 levels.

Results of Continuing Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006

Net Sales.    Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

         Change 
   

2007

  

2006

  $   % 

Bioinstruments

  $11,551  $13,604  $(2,053)  (15)%

Bioconsumables

   8,901   8,719   182   2%

Discovery Services

   2,724   1,092       1,632   149%
               

Net sales

  $  23,176  $  23,415  $239   (1)%
               

Bioinstrument sales consist of sales of our WAVE System and associated equipment that we manufacture or assemble, revenues from service contracts that we enter into with purchasers of our instruments, as well as sales of instruments we distribute for other manufacturers (“OEM equipment”). We also sell refurbished WAVE Systems in order to access customers that may not be able to afford new systems. We sold 56 WAVE Systems during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 68 systems during the same period of 2006. This decrease resulted from lower demand in all major geographic markets and among both research and diagnostic users particularly in our largest markets throughout Western Europe. Demand for WAVE systems has been affected by significant competitive challenges from traditional (i.e. sequencing) and evolving technologies. In addition, there were decreased net sales from product upgrades.

Bioconsumable net sales increased during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. The installed base of WAVE instruments increased from 1,358 units at December 31, 2006 to 1,414 units at December 31, 2007, which is an increase of 4%. However, consumable usage increased by just 2%. We believe that this is reflective of the fact that not all of the installed instruments are being fully utilized. In addition, consumable products are available from other manufacturers which can be used in place of many of our consumable products. Some of these competitive products sell at prices below the prices we charge for our products, which have caused us to have some price compression, principally in Europe

Discovery Services net sales increased during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006 by approximately $1.6 million. Discovery Services sales includes both the Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory and the Pharmocogenomics Research Services. The Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory net sales of $1.7 million increased 300% over the year ended December 31, 2006. The increased revenue is attributable to new customers with one of the new customers representing approximately 50% of the 2007 revenue. The Pharmacogenomics Research Services net sales of $1.1 million increased 47% over the year ended December 31, 2006. Revenue in the fourth quarter of 2007 was $.6 million for the Pharacogenomics Research Services which represents approximately 50% of the annual revenue. This is due to the completion of 13 projects for 5 pharmaceutical partners during the fourth quarter of 2007.

Costs of Goods Sold.    Costs of goods sold include material costs for the products that we sell and substantially all other costs associated with our manufacturing facilities (primarily personnel costs,

rent and depreciation) as well as the wholesale price we pay manufacturers of OEM equipment that we distribute. It also includes direct costs (primarily personnel costs, rent, supplies and depreciation) associated with our discovery services operations. Cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

         Change 
   

2007

  

2006

  $  % 

Bioinstruments

  $4,318  $5,745  $(1,427)  (25)%

Bioconsumables

       4,054       4,530   (476)  (11)%

Discovery Services

   2,111   1,771           340  19%
              

Cost of goods sold

  $10,483  $12,046  $(1,563)  (13)%
              

Gross profit equaled $12.7 million or 55% of total net sales during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $11.4 million and 49% during the same period of 2006. The increase in gross profit as a percent of revenue is largely attributable to changes in the composition of products sold. Margins on bioinstruments improved from 58% to 63% from 2006 to 2007 due to the change in the mix of instruments sold. We were also able to improve margins on bioconsumables from 48% in 2006 to 54% in 2007 due our focus on cost containment. The discovery services group improved margins for the year ended December 31, 2007 to 22% as compared to a negative 62% for the year ended December 31, 2006 due primarily to being able to leverage a fixed cost structure with increased sales revenue.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include personnel costs, marketing, travel and entertainment costs, professional fees, and facility costs. These costs decreased in 2007 compared to 2006, and decreased as a percentage of net sales from 52% to 49%. These reductions were primarily due to lower personnel costs and facilities costs resulting from our restructuring plan. In addition, foreign currency transaction adjustments decreased operating expenses by approximately $.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006.

Research and Development Expenses.    Research and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, legal fees, supplies, and facility costs. These costs totaled $3.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $2.4 million during the same period of 2006, an increase of $0.7 million or 28%. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expenses totaled 13% and 10% of net sales during the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 respectively. We expect to continue to invest approximately 10% of our net sales in research and development activities. Research and development costs are expensed in the year in which they are incurred.

Restructuring Charges.    We recorded restructuring charges totaling $1.5 million during 2007. The restructuring charges were comprised of severance payments totaling $.9 million, facility closure costs totaling $.5 million and other costs totaling $.1 million. Restructuring charges related to three events: A restructuring plan completed in the second quarter of 2007, which resulted in the termination of four employees in Omaha, Nebraska; the closure of the Cramlington, England bioconsumable production facility and consolidation of this production in the Omaha, Nebraska facility; and the closure of an administrative office outside Paris, France and combining those operations with those functions performed elsewhere in the organization. We substantially completed these restructuring activities as of December 31, 2007. These restructuring charges do not relate to any activities taken by

us during 2007 or prior periods in connection with the termination of our Nucleic Acids business segment. All costs associated with these activities are included in income (loss) from discontinued operations.

Other Income (Expense).    Other income during the year ended December 31, 2007 of $1.4 million represented an increase of $1.2 million from 2006. The increase was attributable to the sale of an investment in equity securities. On May 10, 2007, we sold 250,000 shares of stock in Pinnacle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which we acquired in connection with a prior business acquisition. Gross proceeds realized from the sale were $.9 million and because our carrying cost in this stock was $0, the sale resulted in a gain of $.9 million. Other income also includes $.2 million in insurance proceeds related to equipment destroyed in the fire at our Cramlington facility. In addition we received $.3 million of interest income from cash and cash equivalents invested in overnight instruments. Other income was offset by a nominal amount of interest expense in both 2007 and 2006.

Income Tax Expense.    Income tax expense recorded during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 related to income taxes in states, foreign countries and other local jurisdictions. Due to the our cumulative losses and inability to utilize any additional losses as carrybacks, we did not provide for an income tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2007 or 2006 based on our determination that it was more likely than not that such benefits would not be realized. We will continue to assess the recoverability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance. To the extent we begin to generate taxable income in future periods and determine that such valuation allowance is no longer required, the tax benefit of the remaining deferred tax assets will be recognized at such time. Our net operating loss carryforwards from continuing and discontinued operations of $109.2 million will expire at various dates from 2008 through 2027, if not utilized. We also had state income tax loss carryforwards from continuing and discontinued operations of $40.7 million at December 31, 2007. These carryforwards will also expire at various dates if not utilized.

Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005

Net Sales.    Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

         Change 
   

2006

  

2005

  $  % 

Bioinstruments

  $13,604  $14,427  $(823)  (6)%

Bioconsumables

   8,719   8,981   (262)  (3)%

Discovery Services

   1,092   2,420   (1,328)  (55)%
              

Net sales

  $  23,415  $  25,828  $   (2,413)  (9)%
              

WAVE Systems sold totaled 68 during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to 97 during the same period of 2005. The increase in the installed base of instruments continued to drive increases in sales of bioconsumables used with these instruments. The decrease in discovery services net sales was primarily attributable to the expiration of certain research contracts with a large pharmaceutical company in 2005.

Costs of Goods Sold.    Cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

         Change 
   

2006

  

2005

  $  % 

Bioinstruments

  $5,745  $6,442  $(697)  (11)%

Bioconsumables

   4,530   4,762   (232)  (5)%

Discovery Services

   1,771   2,293   (522)  (23)%
              

Cost of goods sold

  $  12,046  $  13,497  $   (1,451)  (11)%
              

Gross profit equaled $11.3 million or 49% of total net sales during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $12.3 million and 48% during the same period of 2005. The increase in gross profit as a percent of revenue is largely attributable to changes in the composition of products sold. Sales of OEM instruments provided for higher gross profit in 2006, while gross profit on WAVE sales was down, due to the lower number of instruments sold and the fixed base of cost associated with this area. Gross profit from discovery services was significantly less in 2006 due to the decrease in net sales to a large pharmaceutical customer which produced net sales of $2.1 million in 2005.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include personnel costs, marketing, travel and entertainment costs, professional fees, and facility costs. These costs remained essentially flat in 2006 compared to 2005, but increased as a percentage of net sales from 47% to 52% as a result of reduced sales. Foreign currency transaction adjustments increased operating expenses by approximately $.08 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2005

Research and Development Expenses.    Research and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, supplies, and facility costs. These costs totaled $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $2.2 million during the same period of 2005, an increase of $0.2 million or 7%. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expenses totaled 10% and 9% of net sales during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 respectively. We expect to continue to invest up to 10% of our net sales in research and development activities. Research and development costs are expensed in the year in which they are incurred.

Impairment Charges.    We did not record any charges in 2006 for impairment of goodwill or long lived assets subject to annual evaluations of impairment. However, impairment charges totaled $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2005 and consisted of $0.2 million associated with certain international patent pursuits that were no longer consistent with our strategic plan and $0.2 million related to certain inventory associated with third party platforms.

Other Income (Expense).    Other income during the year ended December 31, 2006 of $0.2 million consisted of interest income. Other expense during the year ended December 31, 2005 consisted of interest expense of $2.0 million and a loss on debt extinguishment of $0.5 million which was partially offset by interest income of $0.1 and other income of $0.1 million. Interest expense consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 (dollars in thousands):

   

2006

  

2005

 

Interest paid or accrued on outstanding debt

  $    —    $553 

Amortization of debt premiums

   —     (857)

Amortization of debt discounts—warrants

   —     28 

Amortization of debt discount—beneficial conversion feature

   —     725 

Fair value of incremental shares received by Laurus

   —     1,365 

Other

   11   164 
         
  $11  $    1,978 
         

We had previously entered into a $7.5 million line of credit (the “Credit Line”) and a $2.8 million convertible note (the “Term Note,” and collectively with the Credit Line the “Laurus Loans”) from Laurus Master Fund, Ltd. (“Laurus”). On March 18, 2005, Laurus converted $1.9 million of the outstanding principal balance under the Credit Line into 3,600,000 shares of our common stock at $0.52 per share. In addition, on March 24, 2005, Laurus converted $.7 million of the outstanding principal balance of the Term Note into 1,250,000 shares of our common stock at $0.52 per share. In conjunction with these conversions, we accelerated amortization of $.4 million of related debt premiums and discounts and recorded a charge to interest expense of $1.4 million related to the fair value of incremental shares received by Laurus. Contemporaneously with the closing of a private offering of common stock in November 2005 (the “2005 Private Placement”), we repaid all outstanding principal and accrued interest on the Laurus Loans. In conjunction with this prepayment, we recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $.5 million. This loss consisted of prepayment penalties and fees paid to Laurus to facilitate the 2005 Private Placement of $.8 million offset by the elimination of associated net debt premiums of $.3 million.

Income Tax Expense.    Income tax expense recorded during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 related to income taxes in states, foreign countries and other local jurisdictions. Due to our cumulative losses, expected losses in future years and inability to utilize any additional losses as carrybacks, we did not provide for an income tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2006 or 2005 based on our determination that it was more likely than not that such benefits would not be realized. We will continue to assess the recoverability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance. To the extent we begin to generate taxable income in future periods and determine that such valuation allowance is no longer required, the tax benefit of the remaining deferred tax assets will be recognized at such time.

Results of Discontinued Operations

On December 22, 2005, the Company’s Directors voted to either sell or close and liquidate the Nucleic Acids operating segment, which consists primarily of a manufacturing facility in Glasgow, Scotland. This decision was made after an evaluation of, among other things, short and long-term sales projections for products sold by this operating segment, including estimates of 2006 sales to the operating segment’s largest customer. In conjunction with the decision to exit this operating segment,

the Company recorded impairment charges of $.4 million and $8.0 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively, consisting of valuation adjustments to reflect the carrying value of the related net assets at estimated fair market value. Accordingly, the results of this business segment are shown as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Expenses that are not directly identified to this operating segment or are considered corporate overhead have not been allocated to this segment in determining the results from discontinued operations. Summary results of operations of the former Nucleic Acids operating segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

   Years Ended December 31,
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

NET SALES

  $    —  $1,142  $3,881

COST OF GOODS SOLD

      912   4,004
            

Gross profit (loss)

      230   (123)

OPERATING EXPENSES:

      

Selling, general and administrative

   (67)   264   1,054

Research and development

         

Restructuring charges

         

Exit and disposal charges

         866

Impairment charges

      436   8,022

Gain on sale of facility

         
            
   (67)   700   9,942
            

INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS

   67   (470)   (10,065)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

      2   56
            

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES

   67   (468)   (10,009)

INCOME TAX BENEFIT

         
            

INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

  $67  $(468)  $(10,009)
            

Assets associated with the Nucleic Acids segment consisted principally of our facility in Glasgow, Scotland. During 2007 we completed the sale of the Glasgow facility and the associated equipment for $2.9 million, net of selling expenses, which resulted in a gain of $.1 million.

The Company accepted common stock from a customer of the former Nucleic Acids operating segment, Geron Corporation (“Geron”) as payment for goods and services. These shares were classified as available-for-sale securities. Net realized gains on these securities during 2005 of $.1 million was reflected as other income. Proceeds from the sales of these available for sale securities were reflected within net cash flows from investing activities in 2005. During 2005 product sales to Geron totaled $1.9 million representing 50% of net sales within this business segment.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our working capital positions at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows (in thousands):

   December 31,   
   

2007

  

2006

  

Change

Current assets(including cash and cash equivalents of $5,723 and $5,868, respectively)

  $16,163  $15,605  $558

Current liabilities

   4,847   5,329   (482)
            

Working capital

  $  11,316  $  10,276  $    1,040
            

We have historically operated at a loss and have not consistently generated sufficient cash from operating activities to cover our operating and other cash expenses. While we have been able to historically finance our operating losses through borrowings or from the issuance of additional equity, we currently have no borrowings and have no plans to issue additional equity securities for this purpose. At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents of $5.7 and $5.9 million, respectively. While we believe that existing sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet expected cash needs during 2008, we will need to increase our revenues or further reduce our operating expenses in order to be assured of meeting our liquidity needs on a long-term basis. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to increase our revenues or further reduce our expenses and, accordingly, we may not have sufficient sources of liquidity to continue the operations of the Company indefinitely.

Analysis of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents.    Cash and cash equivalents decreased $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 as a result of net cash of $2.9 million being used by operating activities and changes in foreign currency exchanges of $.3 million which was offset by net cash provided by investing activities of $3.1 million.

Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities.    Cash flows used in operating activities totaled $2.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $1.2 million during the same period of 2006. The use in 2007 resulted from our net loss of $2.1 million and higher inventory levels of $1.4 million related primarily to the acquisition of an inventory of OEM instruments. This was offset by accounts receivable collections of $1.5 million, gain on sale of an investment in equity securties of $.9 million and non-cash charges of $1.1 million. The use in 2006 resulted primarily from our net loss of $3.43 million offset by non-cash charges of $2.55 million. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of depreciation and amortization, impairment charges and non-cash stock based compensation. Working capital and other adjustments decreased cash flows from operating activities by $0.34 million during 2006.

Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities.    Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $3.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $.2 million of cash flow used in investing activities during the same period of 2006. Cash flows provided by investing activities in 2007 consisted primarily of sales proceeds from our Glasgow facility and equipment of $2.9 and proceeds from the sale of an investment in equity securities of $.9 million. This was offset by purchases of $0.7 million of property and equipment. The cash used in 2006 was for purchases, offset by sales, of property and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities.    Cash flows from financing activities were minimal during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies

Accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements may involve the use of management judgments and estimates. Certain of our accounting policies are considered critical as they are both important to the portrayal of our financial statements and they require significant or complex judgments on the part of management. Our judgments and estimates are based on experience and assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Further, we evaluate our judgments and estimates from time to time as circumstances change. Actual financial results based on judgment or estimates may vary under different assumptions or circumstances. The following are certain critical accounting policies that may involve the use of judgment or estimates.

Allowance for Doubtful Account.    Accounts receivable are shown net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. In determining an allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider the following:

The age of the accounts receivable,

Customer credit history,

Customer financial information,

Reasons for non-payment, and

Our knowledge of the customer.

If our customers’ financial condition were to deteriorate, resulting in a change in their ability to make payment, additional allowances may be required.

Inventories.    Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using standard costs for finished goods and average or latest actual cost for raw materials and work in process. We write down slow-moving and obsolete inventory by the difference between the value of the inventory and our estimate of the reduced value based on potential future uses, the likelihood that overstocked inventory will be sold and the expected selling prices of the inventory. If our ability to realize value on slow-moving or obsolete inventory is less favorable than assumed, additional write-downs of the inventory may be required.

Depreciation and Amortization of Long-Lived Assets.    Our long-lived assets consist primarily of equipment, patents, intellectual property and capitalized software development costs. We believe the useful lives we assigned to these assets are reasonable. If our assumptions about these assets change as a result of events or circumstances and we believe the assets may have declined in value we may record impairment charges resulting in an increase to operating expenses. Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from 3 to 15 years. We capitalize legal costs and filing fees associated with obtaining patents on our new discoveries and amortize these costs using the straight-line method over the shorter of the legal life of the patent or its economic life, generally 17 years, beginning on the date the patent is issued. Intellectual property, which is purchased technology, is recorded at cost and is amortized over its estimated useful life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.    We evaluate goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate

that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. These computations utilize judgments and assumptions inherent in our estimate of future undiscounted and discounted cash flows to determine recoverability of these assets. If our assumptions about these assets were to change as a result of events or circumstances, we may be required to record an impairment loss.

Revenue Recognition.    Revenue on the sales of our instrument and bioconsumable products is recognized in accordance with the terms of the sales arrangement. Such recognition is based on receipt of an unconditional customer order and transfer of title and risk of ownership to the customer, typically upon shipment of the product. Our normal sales terms do not provide for the right of return unless the product is damaged or defective. Revenues from certain services associated with our analytical instruments, to be performed subsequent to shipment of the products, is deferred and recognized when the services are provided. Such services, mainly limited to installation and training services that are not essential to the functionality of the instruments, typically are performed in a timely manner subsequent to shipment of the instrument. Revenue recognition for our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory is on an individual test basis and takes place when the test report is compete, all sign offs have been completed and the report is sent to the client. In our Pharmacogenomics research group we recognize revenue based on a percent of completion method for each project. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies for specific revenue producing transactions are recorded net with no effect on the income statement

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1,2007, we began to measure and record tax contingency accruals in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”). Under FIN 48, tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. For additional information on the adoption of FIN 48, see Note H of this report.

In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin. 108,Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (SAB 108). SAB 108 provides interpretive guidance on how the effects of prior-year uncorrected misstatements should be considered when quantifying misstatements in current year financial statements. SAB 108 requires registrants to quantify misstatements using both an income statement and balance sheet approach and then evaluate whether either approach results in a misstatement that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is material. If prior year errors that had been previously considered immaterial are now considered material based on either approach, no restatement is required so long as management properly applied its previous approach and all relevant facts and circumstances were considered. If prior year’s financial statements are not restated, the cumulative effect adjustment is recorded in opening accumulated earnings (deficit) as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. SAB 108 became effective for us at the end of 2006. There was no material impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements as a result of adoption of this pronouncement.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 provides a new single authoritative definition of fair value and provides enhanced

guidance for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities and requires additional disclosures related to the extent to which companies measure assets and liabilities at fair value, the information used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value measurements on earnings. SFAS 157 is effective as of January 1, 2008 for financial assets and financial liabilities within its scope and it is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2 “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP FAS 157-2”), which defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of FSP FAS 157-2. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 157 and FSP FAS 157-2 on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 provides companies with an option to irrevocably elect to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with the resulting changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The objective of SFAS 159 is to reduce both the complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by using different measurement attributes for financial assets and financial liabilities. SFAS 159 is effective as of January 1, 2008. We currently have no financial assets or financial liabilities for which SFAS 159 would be applicable.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R) “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) changes several underlying principles in applying the purchase method of accounting. Among the significant changes, SFAS 141(R) requires a redefining of the measurement date of a business combination, expensing direct transaction costs as incurred, capitalizing in-process research and development costs as an intangible asset and recording a liability for contingent consideration at the measurement date with subsequent re-measurements recorded in the results of operations. SFAS 141(R) also requires that costs for business restructuring and exit activities related to the acquired company will be included in the post-combination financial results of operations and also provides new guidance for the recognition and measurement of contingent assets and liabilities in a business combination. In addition, SFAS 141(R) requires several new disclosures, including the reasons for the business combination, the factors that contribute to the recognition of goodwill, the amount of acquisition related third-party expenses incurred, the nature and amount of contingent consideration, and a discussion of pre-existing relationships between the parties. SFAS 141(R) is effective as of January 1, 2009. We currently do not have any plans for a business combination, therefore SFAS No.141 (R) is not expected to have an impact on our financial statements.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 requires noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries initially to be measured at fair value and classified as a separate component of equity. SFAS 160 also requires a new presentation on the face of the consolidated financial statements to separately report the amounts attributable to controlling and non-controlling interests. SFAS 160 is effective as of January 1, 2009. We do not expect SFAS No. 160 to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported period. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of certain assets and related impairments and the determination of goodwill impairments require considerable judgment by management. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing these financial statements.

Impact of Inflation

We do not believe that price inflation had a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations during the periods presented.

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Foreign Currency Translation Risk.    During the last three fiscal years, our international sales have represented more than 50% of our net sales. These sales of products in foreign countries are mainly completed in either British Pounds Sterling or the Euro. Additionally, we have two wholly owned subsidiaries, Transgenomic Limited, and Cruachem Limited, whose operating currency is British Pounds Sterling and the Euro. Results of operations for the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated using the average exchange rate during the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. As a result we are subject to exchange rate risk. The operational expenses of our foreign subsidiaries help to reduce the currency exposure we have based on our sales denominated in foreign currencies by converting foreign currencies directly into goods and services. As such, we feel we do not have a material exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations at this time.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Transgenomic, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Transgenomic, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to examine management’s assertion about the effectiveness of Transgenomic, Inc’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion thereon. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Transgenomic, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for year ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ McGladrey & Pullen, LLP

Omaha, Nebraska

March 26, 2008

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

of Transgenomic, Inc.

Omaha, Nebraska

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Transgenomic, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Transgenomic, Inc. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, in 2006 the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R),Share-Based Payment.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Omaha, Nebraska

March 30, 2007

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

   

2007

  

2006

 
ASSETS   

CURRENT ASSETS:

   

Cash and cash equivalents

  $5,723  $5,868 

Accounts receivable (net of allowances for bad debts of $703 and $444, respectively)

   5,095   6,525 

Inventories

   4,586   2,672 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   759   540 
         

Total current assets

   16,163   15,605 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:

   

Equipment

   10,857   10,345 

Furniture and fixtures

   4,056   3,820 
         
   14,913   14,165 

Less: accumulated depreciation

   13,334   12,667 
         
   1,579   1,498 

OTHER ASSETS:

   

Goodwill

   638   638 

Other assets (net of accumulated depreciation of $1,117 and $1,293, respectively)

   710   853 

Non-current assets of discontinued operations

      2,773 
         
  $19,090  $21,367 
         
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY   

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

   

Accounts payable

  $1,245  $1,558 

Other accrued expenses

   3,152   2,898 

Accrued compensation

   450   689 

Current liabilities of discontinued operations

      184 
         

Total current liabilities

   4,847   5,329 

Other long term liabilities

   141    
         

Total liabilities

   4,988   5,329 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

   

Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding

       

Common stock, $.01 par value, 100,000,000 and 60,000,000 shares authorized, respectively, 49,189,672 and 49,189,672 shares outstanding, respectively

   497   497 

Additional paid-in capital

   139,099   138,966 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   2,274   2,100 

Accumulated deficit

   (127,768)  (125,525)
         

Total stockholders’ equity

   14,102   16,038 
         
  $19,090  $21,367 
         

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

 

NET SALES

  $23,176  $23,415  $25,828 

COST OF GOODS SOLD

   10,483   12,046   13,497 
             

Gross profit

   12,693   11,369   12,331 

OPERATING EXPENSES:

    

Selling, general and administrative

   11,466   12,138   12,218 

Research and development

   3,033   2,362   2,199 

Restructuring charges

   1,516       

Impairment charges

         425 
             
   16,015   14,500   14,842 
             

LOSS FROM OPERATIONS

   (3,322)  (3,131)  (2,511)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

    

Interest income (expense)

   270   205   (1,951)

Loss on debt extinguishment

         (541)

Other, net

   1,121   (7)  45 
             
   1,391   198   (2,447)
             

LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES

   (1,931)  (2,933)  (4,958)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

   243   30   26 
             

LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

   (2,174)  (2,963)  (4,984)

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:

    

Income (Loss) from discontinued operations before income tax

   67   (468)  (10,009)

Income tax benefit of discontinued operations

          
             

INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

   67   (468)  (10,009)
             

NET LOSS

  $(2,107) $(3,431) $(14,993)
             

COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

  $(1,933) $(2,034) $(16,829)
             

BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE:

    

From continuing operations

  $(0.04) $(0.06) $(0.14)

From discontinued operations

   (0.00)  (0.01)  (0.28)
             
  $(0.04) $(0.07) $(0.42)
             

BASIC AND DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

   49,189,672   49,188,451   35,687,580 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

(Dollars in thousands except share data)

  

Common Stock

 

Additional
Paid in
Capital

 

Accumulated
Deficit

  

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

  

Total

 
  

Outstanding
Shares

 

Par
Value

    

Balance, January 1, 2005

 29,330,874  299  120,798 (107,101)  2,539   16,535 

Net loss

      (14,993)  (14,993)  (14,993)

Other comprehensive income (loss):

      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

         (1,836)  (1,836)
         

Comprehensive loss

      (16,829) 
         

Beneficial conversion premium

     399       399 

Conversion of Laurus Loans

 4,900,000  49  2,507       2,556 

Fair value of incremental shares issued

     1,365       1,365 

Issuance of shares in private placement, net of expenses of $1,213

 14,925,743  149  13,713       13,862 

Issuance of shares for employee stock purchase plan

 25,504    18       18 
                   

Balance, December 31, 2005

 49,182,121  497  138,800 (122,094)   703   17,906 

Net loss

      (3,431)  (3,431)  (3,431)

Other comprehensive income (loss):

      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

         1,397   1,397 
         

Comprehensive loss

      (2,034) 
         

Non-cash stock based compensation

     161       161 

Issuance of shares for employee stock purchase plan

 7,551    5       5 
                   

Balance, December 31, 2006

 49,189,672  497  138,966 (125,525)   2,100   16,308 

Net loss

      (2,107)  (2,107)  (2,107)

FIN 48 Adjustment

      (129)     (129)

Other, net

      (7)  7  

Other comprehensive income (loss):

      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

         167   167 
         

Comprehensive loss

      (1,933) 
         

Non-cash stock based compensation

     133       133 
                   

Balance, December 31, 2007

 49,189,672 $497 $139,099 $(127,768)  $2,274  $14,102 
                   

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

(Dollars in thousands)

   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

 

CASH FLOWS PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net loss

  $(2,107) $(3,431) $(14,993)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows from operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

   950   1,949   4,283 

Impairment charges

      437   8,447 

Non-cash financing costs

         1,281 

Non-cash debt extinguishment charges

         (303)

Non-cash stock based compensation

   133   161    

(Gain)/loss on sale of investment and assets

   (1,034)     (50)

Other

   13   18    

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable

   1,479   1,634   139 

Inventories

   (1,436)  397   514 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   (217)  200   574 

Accounts payable

   (576)  (731)  (1,129)

Accrued expenses

   (144)  (1,846)  (2,390)
             

Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities

   (2,939)  (1,212)  (3,627)

CASH FLOWS PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

    

Proceeds from the maturities and sale of available for sale securities

         2,151 

Purchase of property and equipment

   (720)  (250)  (641)

Change in other assets

   (132)  (64)  (3)

Proceeds from asset sales

   3,935   119   139 
             

Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

   3,083   (195)  1,646 

CASH FLOWS PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net change in line of credit

         (4,069)

Payments on long-term debt

         (1,850)

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

      5   13,836 
             

Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

      5   7,917 

EFFECT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH

   (289)  534   (202)
             

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

   (145)  (868)  5,734 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR

   5,868   6,736   1,002 
             

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

  $5,723  $5,868  $6,736 
             

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

    

Cash paid during the year for:

    

Interest

  $5  $11  $553 

Income taxes, net

   178   30   12 

Non-cash transactions:

    

Available for sale securities acquired for goods and services

         2,099 

Conversions of debt to equity

         2,536 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

A.         BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Business Description.

Transgenomic, Inc. provides innovative products for the synthesis, purification and analysis of nucleic acids used in the life sciences industry for research focused on molecular genetics and diagnostics. We also provide genetic variation analytical services to the medical research, clinical and pharmaceutical markets. Net sales are categorized as bioinstruments, bioconsumables and discovery services.

·

Bioinstruments.    Our flagship product is the WAVE® System which has broad applicability to genetic variation detection in both molecular genetic research and molecular diagnostics. There is a worldwide installed base of over 1,400 WAVE Systems as of December 31, 2007. We also distribute bioinstruments produced by other manufacturers (“OEM Equipment”) through our sales and distribution network. Service contracts to maintain installed systems are sold and supported by technical support personnel.

·

Bioconsumables.    The installed WAVE base and some third-party installed platforms generate a demand for consumables that are required for the system’s continued operation. We develop, manufacture and sell these products. In addition, we manufacture and sell consumable products that can be used on multiple, independent platforms. These products include SURVEYOR® Nuclease and a range of HPLC separation columns.

·

Discovery Services.    Our Pharmacogenomics Research Service is a contract research lab in Gaithersburg, Maryland that primarily provides genomic biomarker analysis services to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies to support preclinical and clinical development of targeted therapeutics. Our Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory, in Omaha, Nebraska provides molecular-based testing for hematology, oncology and certain inherited diseases for physicians and third-party laboratories. The Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory operates in a Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”) compliant environment and is certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment.

Historically, we operated a segment (the “Nucleic Acids operating segment”) that developed, manufactured and marketed chemical building blocks for nucleic acid synthesis. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we implemented a plan to exit the Nucleic Acids operating segment and during the three months ended March 31, 2007, we completed the sale of the remaining assets associated with this segment. Accordingly, the assets and results of the Nucleic Acids operating segment are reflected as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements.

Although we have experienced declining sales and recurring net losses (resulting in an accumulated deficit of $128 million at December 31, 2007), management believes existing sources of liquidity, including cash and cash equivalents of $5.7 million, are sufficient to meet expected cash needs during 2008. Our business consolidation efforts have helped control our operating costs, however we will need to increase net sales in order to meet our liquidity needs on a long-term basis. In future periods, there is no assurance that we will be able to increase net sales or further reduce expenses and, accordingly, we may not have sufficient sources of liquidity to continue operations indefinitely.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Summary Compensation TableB.         SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Transgenomic, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of certain assets and related impairments and the determination of goodwill impairments require considerable judgment by management. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing these financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and all investments with original maturities at acquisition of three months or less, such investments presently consisting of only temporary overnight investments.

Concentrations of Cash.

From time to time, we may maintain a cash position with financial institutions in amounts that exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses on such accounts.

Accounts Receivable.

Accounts receivable are shown net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The following is a summary of activity for the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005:

   Dollars in Thousands
   

Beginning
Balance

  

Additional
Charges to
Income

  

Deductions
from
Reserve

  

Ending
Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2007

  $    444  $753  $    494  $    703

Year Ended December 31, 2006

  $615  $92  $263  $444

Year Ended December 31, 2005

  $701  $    —  $86  $615

While payment terms are generally 30 days, we have also provided extended payment terms of up to 90 days in certain cases. We review accounts receivable on a quarterly basis and adjust our bad debt reserve accordingly.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

Inventories.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using standard costs for finished goods and average or latest actual cost for raw materials and work in process.

Property and Equipment.

Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

 

Annual Compensation

Long-Term Compensation

Awards

Payouts

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)

Name and Principal PositionLeasehold improvements


Year

  

Salary2 to 10 years

($)Furniture and fixtures


  

Bonus5 to 7 years

($)Production equipment


  

Other Annual5 to 7 years

Compensation(1)Computer equipment

($)


  

Restricted3 to 5 years

StockResearch and development equipment

Award(s)

($)


  

Securities3 to 5 years

UnderlyingDemonstration equipment

Options/

SARs

(#)


  

LTIP3 to 5 years

Payouts(2)

($)


All Other

Compensation(3)

($)


Collin J. D’Silva

President and Chief

Executive Officer

2004
2003
2002
140,568
142,308
200,000
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
15,311
5,927
6,113

Michael A. Summers(4)

Chief Financial

Officer

2004
2003
2002
54,578
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
1,135
—  
—  

Mitchell L. Murphy

Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer

2004
2003
2002
135,544
120,000
100,538
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
50,000
—  
—  
—  
—  
14,468
5,986
8,412

Keith A. Johnson(5)

Vice President, General Counsel

2004
2003
2002
135,392
135,000
112,673
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
25,000
65,000
35,000
—  
—  
—  
10,890
4,776
35,036

John L. Allbery(6)

Former Executive Vice President

2004
2003
2002
129,693
200,000
200,000
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
50,000
—  
—  
—  
—  
3,893
6,444
17,473

Michael J. Draper(7)

Former Chief Financial

Officer

2004
2003
2002
59,928
122,731
102,951
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
75,000
7,500
—  
—  
—  
938
6,873
5,481

(1)No disclosure is required in this column pursuant to applicable Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, as the aggregate value of items covered by this column does not exceed the lesser of $50,000 or 10% of the annual salary and bonus shown for each respective executive officer named.
(2)We do not have a long-term incentive plan as defined in Item 402 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(3)These amounts consist of accrued vacation to be taken in the future or paid in cash upon termination of employment, 401(k) Company matching contributions, reimbursed moving expenses and auto allowances, as applicable.
(4)Mr. Summers joined the Company and assumed the role of Chief Financial Officer on July 31, 2004.
(5)Mr. Johnson was appointed Vice President, General Counsel by the Board of Directors effective April 4, 2002.
(6)Mr. Allbery was appointed Executive Vice President by the Board of Directors effective May 23, 2001. He resigned from the Company on July 23, 2004.
(7)Mr. Draper resigned as Chief Financial Officer effective March 31, 2004.

Depreciation of property and equipment totaled $.8 million, $1.3 million and $1.8 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005 respectively.


Goodwill.

Options/SAR GrantsStatement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142,Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,provides that goodwill will not be amortized, but will be tested for impairment annually. We perform this impairment analysis during the fourth quarter of each year. Impairment occurs when the carrying value is determined to be not recoverable thereby causing the fair value of the goodwill to exceed the carrying value. If impaired, the asset’s carrying value is reduced to its fair value. No impairment existed at December 31, 2007 or 2006.

Other Assets.

Other assets include intellectual property, patents, other intangible assets, and other long-term assets.

Intellectual Property.    Initial costs paid to license intellectual property from independent third parties are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the license period. Ongoing royalties related to such licenses are expensed as incurred.

Patents.    We capitalize legal costs, filing fees and other expenses associated with obtaining patents on new discoveries and amortize these costs using the straight-line method over the shorter of the legal life of the patent or its economic life, generally 17 years, beginning on the date the patent is issued.

Other Intangible Assets.    Identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment as events or changes in Last Fiscal Yearcircumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may be impaired.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

The Compensation Committee may grant either qualifiedEach of these assets are treated as long-lived assets for purposes of SFAS No. 144, which provides that long-lived assets will be tested for impairment on an annual basis. We periodically review the carrying value of our long-lived assets to assess recoverability and impairment. We recorded no impairments during 2007 or non-qualified2006.

Stock Based Compensation.

All stock options awarded to the officers and employees of the Company and nonqualified stock options to nonemployee directors and advisors under our stock option plan. The following table shows the options granted during 2004 to those executive officers of the Company whose compensation is reported in the Summary Compensation Table.

               Potential Realized
Value at Assumed
Annual Rates of
Stock Price
Appreciation for
Option Term(2)


(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  (e)  (f)  (g)

Name


  

Number of

Securities

Underlying

Options/SARs

Granted

(#)(1)


  

%

of Total

Options/SARs

Granted to

Employees in

Fiscal Year


  

Exercise or

Base Price

($/Sh)


  

Expiration

Date


  5%($)

  10%($)

Keith A. Johnson

  25,000  6.9% $1.32  5/21/2014  $21,000  $53,000

(1)The exercise price of all options granted to executive officers during fiscal 2004 is equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Each option expires ten years from the date of grant. No stock appreciation rights (SARs) may be granted under our stock option plan.
(2)The dollar amounts set forth under these columns are the result of calculations of assumed appreciation in the price of our common stock at these annual rates from the respective dates of the grant to the respective expiration dates of the options. These assumptions are not intended to forecast future price appreciation of our common stock. The market price of our common stock may increase or decrease in value over the time period set forth above.

Aggregated Option/SAR Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and FY-End Option/SAR Values

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the number of exercised and unexercised options and the value of such options at the end of 2004 held by the executive officers and two former executive officers of the Company whose compensation is reported in the Summary Compensation Table.

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)

Name


Shares Acquired

on Exercise(#)


Value Realized

($)(1)


Number of

Securities

Underlying

Unexercised

Options/SARs at

Year End(#)

Exercisable/

Unexercisable


Value of

Unexercised

In-the-Money

Options/SARs at

YearEnd($)(1)

Exercisable/

Unexercisable


Collin J. D’Silva

—  —  —  —  

Michael A. Summers

—  —  —  —  

Mitchell L. Murphy

—  —  146,000 / 4,000$0 / $0

Keith A. Johnson

—  —  72,917 / 87,083$0 / $0

John L. Allbery

—  —  0 / 0$0 / $0

Michael J. Draper

—  —  61,253 / 0$0 / $0

(1)Based on the difference between the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the exercise date or December 31, 2004 and the related option exercise price.

Compensation of Directors

Directors who are also our officers or affiliates are not separately compensated for serving on the Board of Directors other than reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance at board and committee meetings. Independent directors are paid an


annual retainer of $12,000. In addition, they receive a fee of $1,200 for attending meetings in person, or $600 for participating in a meeting by teleconference, as well as reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance at board and committee meetings. Independent directors serving on any committee of the Board of Directors are paid an additional annual retainer of $2,500, except that, effective January 1, 2004, the additional retainer paid to independent directors serving on the Audit Committee was increased to $5,000.

Our non-employee and non-affiliated directors are issued options to purchase 15,000 shares of common stock under our stock option plan upon initial appointment to the Board. For options granted prior to March 28, 2003, such options vest at the rate of 20% per year of service on the Board. Additional grants were made from time to time so that each non-employee director would hold 15,000 unvested options at any time. Effective March 28, 2003, the options granted to a non-employee and non-affiliated director upon initial appointment to the Board vest at the rate of 33 1/3% per year of service on the Board. Additional grants of options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock will be made on a date reasonably close to each anniversary of such director’s appointment to the Board to be determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion, with such options vesting on the third anniversary of the grant. All options granted to non-employee directors have exercise prices that represented or exceeded the fair market value of our stock on the grant date. Exercise prices on outstanding options grantedequal to our non-employee directors range from $2.37 to $13.00 per share.

Long-Term Incentive Plans and Other Matters

We do not maintain a long-term incentive plan or pension plan (as defined in Item 402 of SEC Regulation S-K) for its executive officers and has not repriced any options or SARs for any executive officer during the last fiscal year.

Stock Option and Other Compensation Plans

Stock Option Plan. Our Fourth Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan allows us to grant options to our employees, directors and advisors, which gives them the right to buy our common stock at a fixed price, even if the market value of our stock goes up. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors administers our stock option plan and it has the sole authority to set the number, exercise price term and vesting provisions of the options granted under the plan, except that any award made to a director serving on the Compensation Committee must be ratified by a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Under the terms of the plan, the exercise price of an incentive stock option, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, cannot be less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date the option is granted. In general,of grant and have ten-year contractual terms. Unvested options will expire if not exercised within tenas of December 31, 2007 had vesting periods of three years from date of grant. None of the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2007 are subject to performance or market-based vesting conditions.

We adopted FASB123(R), on January 1, 2006. FASB 123(R) requires us to measure and recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options. Compensation expense is based on the calculated fair value of the awards as measured at the grant date and is expensed ratably over the service period of the awards (generally the vesting period).

On December 28, 2005, our Directors approved a plan to accelerate the vesting of all outstanding stock options. Aside from the acceleration of the vesting date, the terms and the conditions of the stock option award agreements governing the underlying stock option grants remained unchanged. As a result of this plan, options to purchase approximately 1,081,845 shares became immediately exercisable. All such options were out-of-the-money and, accordingly, the accelerated vesting resulted in no compensation expense since there was no intrinsic value associated with these fixed awards at the date of modification. Accelerating the vesting of these options allowed us to avoid recognition of compensation expense associated with these options in future periods.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded compensation expense of $.1 million within selling, general and administrative expense as a result of the vesting of 1.4 million options during the year. No options vested during the year ended December 31 2006, however we recorded compensation expense of $.2 million during the year as result of the extension of the post-termination exercise period for .5 million options from 90 days after termination to the remaining contractual term of the original option grants. As of December 31, 2007, there was $.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of nearly three years.

The fair value of the options granted during 2007 was estimated on their respective grant dates using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model was used with the following assumptions: risk-free interest rates of 3.34% to 5.08%, based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant; dividend yields of zero percent; expected lives of 2 to 10 years, based on historical exercise activity behavior; and volatility of 89.14% and 67.58% for grants made during the year ended December 31, 2007 based on the historical volatility of our stock over a time that is consistent with the expected life of the option. A small group of senior executives hold the majority of the stock options and are expected to hold the options until they are granted. The Compensation Committee mayvested therefore no forfeitures have been assumed.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

Income Taxes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date using tax rates expected to be in effect in the year the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized.

Revenue Recognition.

Revenue (referred to as “net sales”) on the sales of products is recognized in accordance with the terms of the sales arrangement. Such recognition is based on receipt of an unconditional customer order and transfer of title and risk of ownership to the customer, typically upon shipment of the product under a purchase order. Our sales terms do not provide for the right of return unless the product is damaged or defective. Net sales from certain services associated with the analytical instruments, to be performed subsequent to shipment of the products, is deferred and recognized when the services are provided. Such services, mainly limited to installation and training services that are not essential to the functionality of the instruments, typically are performed in a timely manner subsequent to shipment of the instrument. We also requireenter into various service contracts that an option holder remain employed by uscover installed instruments. These contracts cover specific time periods and net sales associated with these contracts are deferred and recognized over the service period. At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, deferred revenue mainly associated with our service contracts, included in the balance sheet in other accrued expenses, was approximately $1.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Revenue recognition for a specified period of time before an option may be exercised. The committee establishes these “vesting” provisionsour Molecular Clinical Reference Laboratory is on an individual basis.test basis and takes place when the test report is compete, all sign offs have been completed and the report is sent to the client. In our Pharmacogenomics research group we recognize revenue based on a percentage of completion method for each project.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government agencies for specific revenue producing transactions are recorded net with no effect on the income statement.

Research and Development.

Research and development and various collaboration costs are charged to expense when incurred.

Translation of Foreign Currency.

Financial statements of subsidiaries outside the U.S. are measured using the local currencies as the functional currency. The Compensation Committee will also decide whether options will be nonqualified optionsadjustments to translate those amounts into U.S. dollars are accumulated in a separate account in stockholders’ equity and are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign currency transaction gains or structuredlosses resulting from changes in currency exchange rates are included in the determination of net income. Foreign currency transaction adjustments decreased net loss by $.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 and increased net loss by $.1 million and $.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

Comprehensive Income.

Accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisted of foreign currency translation adjustments, net of applicable tax of zero. We deem our foreign investments to be qualified optionspermanent in nature and do not provide for taxes on currency translation adjustments arising from converting investments in a foreign currency to U.S. income tax purposes. Either incentive or nonqualifieddollars.

Earnings Per Share.

Basic earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share include shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, may be grantedwarrants or conversion rights that have exercise or conversion prices below the market value of our common stock. Options, warrants and conversion rights pertaining to employees, but only nonqualified stock options may be granted to our non-employee directors12,583,879, 13,530,241 and advisors. Options for a maximum of 7,000,000 shares may be granted under the plan. Outstanding options for a total of 5,042,26913,625,675 shares of our common stock arehave been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, because the effect would be anti-dilutive due to the net loss from continuing operations in those periods. As a result, none of our outstanding atoptions, warrants or conversion rights affect the Record Date,calculation of which 4,150,845 may be exercised at this time. Outstanding options have exercise prices ranging from $1.09 to $13.00diluted earnings per share.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes(“FIN 48”). FIN 48 applies to all tax positions within the scope of Statement 109 and clarifies when and how to recognize tax benefits in the financial statements with a two-step approach of recognition and measurement. We adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. Under FIN 48, tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards.

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157,Fair Value Measurement (“FAS 157”). While this Statement does not require new fair value measurements, it provides guidance on applying fair value and expands required disclosures. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 157 and FSP FAS 157-2 on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“FAS 159”). This Statement, which is expected to expand fair value measurement, permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. FAS 159 will become effective for us beginning with the first quarter of 2008. We are currently have no financial assets or financial liabilities for which SFAS 159 would be applicable.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R) “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) changes several underlying principles in applying the purchase method of accounting. Among the significant changes, SFAS 141(R) requires a redefining of the measurement

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Underdate of a business combination, expensing direct transaction costs as incurred, capitalizing in-process research and development costs as an intangible asset and recording a liability for contingent consideration at the termsmeasurement date with subsequent re-measurements recorded in the results of operations. SFAS 141(R) also requires that costs for business restructuring and exit activities related to the acquired company will be included in the post-combination financial results of operations and also provides new guidance for the recognition and measurement of contingent assets and liabilities in a business combination. In addition, SFAS 141(R) requires several new disclosures, including the reasons for the business combination, the factors that contribute to the recognition of goodwill, the amount of acquisition related third-party expenses incurred, the nature and amount of contingent consideration, and a discussion of pre-existing relationships between the parties. SFAS 141(R) is effective as of January 1, 2009. We currently do not have any plans for a business combination, therefore SFAS No.141 (R) is expected to have no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51”, (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 requires noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries initially to be measured at fair value and classified as a separate component of equity. SFAS 160 also requires a new presentation on the face of the consolidated financial statements to separately report the amounts attributable to controlling and non-controlling interests. SFAS 160 is effective as of January 1, 2009. We do not expect SFAS No. 160 to have an impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

C.        DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

In the fourth quarter of 2005, we implemented a plan to exit the Nucleic Acids operating segment. Accordingly, the results of this business segment are shown as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Expenses that are not directly identified to the Nucleic Acids operating segment or that are considered corporate overhead have not been allocated in arriving at the loss from discontinued operations. Summary results of operations of the former Nucleic Acids operating segment were as follows:

   Years Ended December 31,
        (dollars in thousands)        
 
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

 

NET SALES

  $—    $1,142  $3,881 

COST OF GOODS SOLD

   —     912   4,004 
             

Gross profit (loss)

   —     230   (123)

OPERATING EXPENSES

   (67)  700   9,942 
             

INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS

   67   (470)  (10,065)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

   —     2   56 
             

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES

   67   (468)  (10,009)

INCOME TAX

   —     —     —   
             

INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

  $67  $(468) $(10,009)
             

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

Assets associated with the Nucleic Acids segment consisted principally of our stock optionfacility in Glasgow, Scotland. During the quarter ended March 31, 2007, we completed the sale of the Glasgow facility and the associated equipment for $2.9 million, net of selling expenses, which resulted in a gain of $.1 million.

The assets and liabilities of the former Nucleic Acids operating segment were as follows:

   Dollars in Thousands
   

December 31,

2007

  

December 31,

2006

Accounts receivable (net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $177 and $169, respectively)

  $—    $—  
        

Current assets of discontinued operations

  $—    $—  
        

Property and equipment, net

  $—    $2,773
        

Non-current assets of discontinued operations

  $—    $2,773
        

Accounts payable

  $—    $45

Other accrued expenses

   —     139
        

Current liabilities of discontinued operations

  $—    $184
        

Liabilities at December 31, 2006 related to expenses to be paid during 2007 for final closing costs of the Glasgow facility. These liabilities were settled through cash payments during 2007.

D.        RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

We recorded restructuring charges totaling $1.5 million during 2007. The restructuring charges were comprised of severance totaling $.9 million, facility closure costs totaling $.5 million and other costs totaling $.1 million. Restructuring charges related to three events: A restructuring plan completed in the second quarter of 2007, which charges resulted from the termination of four employees in Omaha, Nebraska; the closure of the Cramlington, England bioconsumable production facility and consolidation of this production in the Omaha, Nebraska facility; and the closure of an administrative office outside Paris, France, and combining those operations with those performed elsewhere in the organization. We substantially completed these restructuring activities as of December 31, 2007. These restructuring charges do not relate to any optionsactivities taken by us during 2007 or prior periods in connection with the termination of our Nucleic Acids business segment. All costs associated with these activities are included in income(loss) from discontinued operations. There were no restructuring charges in 2006 or 2005.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

E.        INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

   Dollars in Thousands
   

December 31,

2007

  

December 31,

2006

Finished goods

  $  3,123  $2,146

Raw materials and work in process

   1,370   443

Demonstration inventory

   93   83
        
  $  4,586  $  2,672
        

F.        OTHER ASSETS

Finite lived intangible assets and other assets consisted of the following:

   Dollars in Thousands
   December 31, 2007  December 31, 2006
   

Cost

  Accumulated
Amortization
  

Net Book

Value

  

Cost

  Accumulated
Amortization
  

Net Book

Value

Intellectual property

  $865  $715  $150  $765  $677  $88

Patents

   659   185   474   676   155   521

Other

   303   217   86   705   461   244
                        

Total

  $  1,827  $  1,117  $  710  $  2,146  $  1,293  $  853
                        

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $.1 million, $.2 million, and $1.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets is expected to be approximately $.1 million in each of years 2008 through 2013.

G.        COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are subject to a number of claims of various amounts, which arise out of the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending claims will not vestedhave a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We lease certain equipment, vehicles and operating facilities under non-cancellable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2014. The future minimum lease payments required under these leases are approximately $.9 million in 2008, $.8 million in 2009, $.7 million in 2010, $.5 million in 2011, $.3 million in 2012, and $.1 million thereafter. Rent expense for continuing operations related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $1.1 million, $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2007, firm commitments to vendors to purchase components used in WAVE Systems and instruments manufactured by others totaled $0.1 million.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

H.        INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 relates to income taxes in states, foreign countries and other local jurisdictions, is all current and differs from the amounts determined by applying the statutory Federal income tax rate to loss before income taxes for the following reasons:

   Dollars in Thousands 
   2007   2006   2005 

Benefit at federal rate

  $(648) $(997) $(1,687)

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

    

State income taxes—net of federal benefit

   (101)  (210)  (192)

Foreign subsidiary tax rate difference

   (29)  (135)  (81)

Research and development tax credit

          

Other—net

   231   62   191 

Valuation allowance

       790     1,310     1,795 
             

Current income tax expense

  $243  $30  $26 
             

The Company’s deferred income tax asset from continuing and discontinued operations at December 31, 2007 and 2006 is comprised of the following temporary differences:

   Dollars in Thousands 
   

2007

  

2006

 

Net operating loss carryforward

  $39,597  $40,377 

Research and development credit carryforwards

   1,340   1,328 

Deferred revenue

   256   249 

Accrued vacation

   59   69 

Other

   993   2,175 
         
     42,245     44,198 

Less valuation allowance

   (42,245)  (44,198)
         
  $  $ 
         

At December 31, 2007, we had total unused federal tax net operating loss carryforwards from continuing and discontinued operations of $106.2 million of which $1.8 million expire in 2008, $3.7 million expire in 2009, $3.0 million expire in 2010, $.9 million expire in 2011, $3.4 million expire in 2012, $1.8 million expire in 2018, $8.2 million expire in 2019, $9.7 million expire in 2020, $8.2 million expire in 2021, $16.9 million expire in 2022, $16.2 million expire in 2023, $17.4 million expire in 2024, $8.2 million expire in 2025, and $6.9 million expire in 2026. Of these federal net operating loss carryforwards, $11.8 million were obtained in the acquisition of Annovis, Inc. and may be subject to certain restrictions. At December 31, 2007, we had unused state tax net operating loss carryforwards from continuing and discontinued operations of approximately $39.6 million that expire at various times between 2008 and 2025. At December 31, 2007, we had unused research and development credit

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

carryforwards from continuing and discontinued operations of $1.3 million that expire at various times between 2008 and 2024. A valuation allowance has been provided for the remaining deferred tax assets, due to the our cumulative losses in recent years and an inability to utilize any additional losses as carrybacks. We will become immediately vested ifcontinue to assess the option holder dies, becomes permanently disabled or retires. Ifrecoverability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance. To the extent we begin to generate income in future years and it is determined that such valuation allowance is no longer required, the tax benefit of the remaining deferred tax assets will be recognized at such time.

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes(“FIN 48”). FIN 48 applies to all tax positions within the scope of Statement 109 and clarifies when and how to recognize tax benefits in the financial statements with a two-step approach of recognition and measurement. The Company adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. Under FIN 48, tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more than likely not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards.

Upon adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007, the Company recognized a $.1 million increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. This increase in the liability was offset by an option holder voluntarily resigns, any options not vestedincrease to the January 1, 2007 balance in the accumulated deficit. The gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of resignation will terminateadoption was $.1 million, all of which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized. Included in this amount is an aggregate of $.1 of interest and all rights will cease,penalties. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties directly related to income taxes as determined by the Compensation Committee and documentedpart of income tax expense.

The Company files income tax returns in the option grant documents. InU.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company has statutes of limitation open for Federal income tax returns related to tax years 2004 through 2006. The Company has state income tax returns subject to examination primarily for tax years 2003 through 2006. Open tax years related to foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination. The Company’s primary foreign jurisdiction is the event an option holder’s employment, board membership or status as an advisorUnited Kingdom which has open tax years for 2005 through 2006. The Company is terminated for cause, the option holder’s right to exercise an option, whether or not vested, will immediately terminate and all rights will cease, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise.

Employee Savings Plan. We have established an employee savings plan that is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified plancurrently under Section 401(k) ofexamination by the Internal Revenue Code. ThisService for the tax year ending December 31, 2006.

During the year ended December 31, 2007, there were no material changes to the liability for uncertain tax positions.

I.         EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

We maintain an employee 401(k) retirement savings plan that allows for voluntary contributions up to statutory maximumsinto designated investment funds by eligible employees. We match a specific proportionthe employees’ contributions at the rate of these contributions, subject to limitations imposed by law.50% on the first 6% of contributions. We may, make additional contributions toat the savings plan on behalfdiscretion of our employees if our Board of Directors, decidesmake additional contributions on behalf of the plan’s participants. Contributions to do so. During each of threethe 401(k) plan were $.2 million, $.2 million, and $.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, we contributed approximately $0.5 million to the savings plan on behalf of our employees.2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

J.        STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Employee Stock Purchase PlanCommon Stock.. Our Second Amended

On October 31, 2005, the Company completed the 2005 Private Placement. The securities issued consisted of: (i) 14,925,743 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus (ii) five-year, non-callable warrants to purchase another 5,970,297 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.20 per share. The aggregate purchase price for the securities sold in the 2005 Private Placement was $1.01 per share of common stock initially being sold (the “Purchase Price”) or $15,075,000. In conjunction with the 2005 Private Placement, the Company issued a warrant to Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. to purchase 932,859 shares at $1.20 per share as part of their placement fee.

During 2005 and Restated2004, the Company issued 4,900,000 and 1,134,850 shares, respectively, of common stock in conjunction with conversions under the Laurus Loans as follows.

Date

  

Price

  

Shares Issued

  

Net Proceeds

  

Facility

  

Applied To

   (Dollars in Thousands)

January 2005

  $    1.00       50,000  $        50  Term Note  Principal

March 2005

  $    0.52  3,600,000       1,835  Credit Note  Principal

March 2005

  $    0.52  1,250,000          650  Term Note  Principal
            

Total 2005

    4,900,000  $   2,535    
            

January 2004

  $    2.20     650,000  $   1,422  Credit Line  Principal

February 2004

  $    2.20     259,091          570  Credit Line  Principal

December 2004

  $    1.00     150,000          146  Term Note  Principal

December 2004

  $    1.00       75,759            72  Term Note  Interest
            

Total 2004

    1,134,850  $    2,210    
            

Each of the foregoing stock sales was exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) as a sale not involving a public offering.

In May 2001, Company shareholders approved the adoption of the Transgenomic, Inc. 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) has been structured to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423that was subsequently implemented in November 2001 and terminated in December 2005. Substantially all of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Additionally, the Stock Purchase Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee of the Board of DirectorsCompany’s U.S. employees were eligible to adopt sub-plans designed to achieve desired tax and other objectives in locations outside the United States. Up to 500,000 shares of our common stock may be issued during the term of the Stock Purchase Plan that is defined as December 1, 2001 through November 30, 2006. Employees will be able to voluntarily participate in the Stock Purchase Plan throughPlan. Eligible employees authorized payroll deductions.deductions to be made for the purchase of shares. Such deductions will accumulatewere accumulated during the participation periods,a defined as three month periods. On the first business day of each participation period at the end of which each participant will bewas deemed to have been granted an option to purchase commonshares of stock from the Company at 85% of itsthe fair market value of the Company stock as measured by the closing price of the stock on either the first or last business day of the participation period, whichever iswas lower. The number of shares to be purchased isunder the option was based upon the participant’s elected withholding amount. At the end of eachthe participation period such option iswas automatically exercised. This plan was structured to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company issued 0, 25,504, and 76,902 shares under this plan, during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.


Employment AgreementsTRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Common Stock Warrants.

No common stock warrants were issued during 2007 or 2006. Warrants covering 6,903,156 shares of common stock were issued during 2005. At December 31, 2007, we had 8,048,815 common stock warrants outstanding.

Warrant Holder

  Issue Year  Expiration Year  Underlying Shares  Exercise Price

Various Institution Holders(1)

  2005  2010  6,903,156  $    1.20

Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(2)

  2003  2010  200,000  $1.92

Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(2)

  2003  2010  200,000  $2.07

Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(2)

  2003  2010  150,000  $2.35

Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(2)

  2004  2011  125,000  $2.57

Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(2)

  2004  2011  400,000  $1.18

TN Capital Equities, Ltd.(2)

  2003  2008  45,918  $2.94

TN Capital Equities, Ltd.(2)

  2004  2009  15,566  $3.18

GE Capital(3)

  2003  2008  9,175  $3.27
         

Total

      8,048,815  
         

(1)

These warrants were issued in conjunction with the 2005 Private Placement described earlier in this Note.

(2)

These warrants were issued in conjunction with the Laurus Loans and subsequent modifications. In conjunction with the 2005 Private Placement, the exercise prices of these warrants were adjusted according to repricing provisions contained in the original warrant agreements.

(3)

These warrants were issued in conjunction with operating leases with GE Capital. While the leases have since been terminated, the warrants are still outstanding.

Preferred Stock.

The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue up to 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, from time to time, with such designations, powers, preferences and rights and such qualifications, limitations and restrictions as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors. The authority of the Board of Directors includes, but is not limited to, the determination or fixing of the following with respect to shares of such class or any series thereof: (i) the number of shares; (ii) the dividend rate, whether dividends shall be cumulative and, if so, from which date; (iii) whether shares are to be redeemable and, if so, the terms and amount of any sinking fund providing for the purchase or redemption of such shares; (iv) whether shares shall be convertible and, if so, the terms and provisions thereof; (v) what restrictions are to apply, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional preferred stock; and (vi) whether shares have voting rights. The preferred stock may be issued with a preference over the common stock as to the payment of dividends. The Company has no current plans to issue any series of preferred stock. Classes of stock such as the preferred stock may be used, in certain circumstances, to create voting impediments on extraordinary corporate transactions or to frustrate persons seeking to effect a merger or otherwise to gain control of the Company. For the foregoing reasons, any preferred stock issued by the Company could have an adverse effect on the rights of the holders of the common stock.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

K.        EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

The Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) allows the Company to make awards of various types of equity-based compensation, including stock options, dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares and other awards, to employees and directors of the Company. The Plan was adopted in 2006 as a modification of the Company’s 1997 Stock Option Plan (the “Prior Plan”). In addition to providing for additional types of equity-based awards, the Plan increased the total number of shares of common stock that the Company may issue from 7,000,000 under the Prior Plan to 10,000,000 shares under the Plan; provided, that no more than 5,000,000 of such shares may be used for grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares and other awards.

The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) which has the authority to set the number, exercise price, term and vesting provisions of the awards granted under the Plan, subject to the terms thereof. Either incentive or non-qualified stock options may be granted to employees of the Company, but only nonqualified stock options may be granted to nonemployee directors and advisors. However, in either case, the Plan requires that stock options must be granted at exercise prices not less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant. Options issued under the plan vest over periods as determined by the Compensation Committee and expire 10 years after the date the option was granted. If the option holder ceases to be employed by the Company, the Company will have the right to terminate any outstanding but unexercised options. To date, the only awards made under the Plan (and the Prior Plan) have been non-incentive stock options.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded compensation expense of $.1 million within the general administrative expense related to the vesting of 1.4 million options. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded compensation expenses of $0 related to 340,000 new option grants and $.2 million related to an extension of the post-termination exercise period for 450,000 options from 90 days after termination to the remaining contractual term of the original option grants. The fair value of the options was estimated on their respective grant dates using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model was used with the following assumptions: risk-free interest rates of 3.34% to 5.08%, based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant; dividend yields of zero percent; expected lives of 2 to 10 years, based on historical exercise activity behavior; and volatility of 89.14% and 67.58% for grants made during the year ended December 31, 2007 based on the historical volatility of our stock over a time that is consistent with the expected life of the option. As of December 31, 2007, there was $.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of nearly three years.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

The following table summarizes activity under the Plan (and the Prior Plan) during the year ended December 31, 2006:

   

Number of
Options

  

Weighted Average
Exercise Price

Balance at January 1, 2006:

  5,570,432   4.31

Granted

  340,000   .62

Exercised

     

Forfeited/Expired

  (442,768)  4.45
       

Balance at December 31, 2006:

  5,467,664  $4.08
       

Exercisable at December 31, 2006

  5,127,664  $    4.30
       

The following table summarizes activity under the Plan (and the Prior Plan) during the year ended December 31, 2007:

   

Number of
Options

  

Weighted Average
Exercise Price

Balance at January 1, 2007:

  5,467,664   4.07

Granted

  1,030,000   .66

Exercised

     

Forfeited/Expired

  (1,962,600)  4.17
       

Balance at December 31, 2007:

  4,535,064  $3.26
       

Exercisable at December 31, 2007

  3,243,231  $    4.29
       

During the year ended December 31, 2007 we issued 200,000 options at exercise prices of $0.75 on January 17, 2007; 45,000 options at exercise prices of $0.70 on May 23, 2007; 100,000 options at exercises prices of $0.71 on June 1, 2007; 200,000 options at exercise prices of $0.66 on July 12, 2007; 25,000 options at exercise prices of $0.57 on August 16, 2007; 250,000 options at exercise prices of $0.67 on October 4, 2007; 110,000 options at exercise prices of $0.53 on December 7, 2007 and 100,000 options at exercise prices of $0.53 on December 31, 2007. The weighted average grant date fair value per share of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $0.53, $0.31 and $0.63, respectively.

Options issued and outstanding to employees and outside directors are summarized below:

Exercise Price Range

 

Number of Options
Outstanding

 

Number of Options
Exercisable

 

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

December 31, 2007

$  0.00—$  1.30      

 2,215,500    923,667 $0.00

$  1.31—$  2.60      

    564,833    564,833 $0.00

$  2.61—$  3.90      

      10,000      10,000 $0.00

$  3.91—$  5.20      

    830,000    830,000 $0.00

$  5.21—$  6.50      

    512,000    512,000 $0.00

$  7.81—$  9.10      

      10,000      10,000 $0.00

$  9.11—$10.40      

    208,000    208,000 $0.00

$11.71—$13.00      

    184,731    184,731 $0.00
     
 4,535,064 3,243,231 $  0.00
     

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

The following summarizes all stock options outstanding at December 31, 2007.

Exercise Price Range

 Number of
Options
Outstanding
 Remaining
Weighted-
Average
Contractual Life
 Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 Number of
Options
Exercisable
 Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

December 31, 2007
$  0.00—$  1.30     2,215,500 8.2 years $.82 923,667 $0.00
$  1.31—$  2.60     564,833 4.9 years $1.92 564,833 $0.00
$  2.61—$  3.90     10,000 4.8 years $2.90 10,000 $0.00
$  3.91—$  5.20     830,000 .7 years $5.00 830,000 $0.00
$  5.21—$  6.50     512,000 3.1 years $6.15 512,000 $0.00
$  7.81—$  9.10     10,000 3.4 years $9.00 10,000 $0.00
$  9.11—$10.40     208,000 3.0 years $9.87 208,000 $0.00
$11.71—$13.00     184,731 2.1 years $    12.81 184,731 $    0.00
       
 4,535,064   3,243,231 
       

L.        OPERATING SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

We have entered into employment agreementsone reportable operating segment. Although revenue is analyzed by type, net financial results are analyzed as one segment due to the integrated nature of the products. Net sales by product were as follows:

   Dollars in Thousands
   Years Ended December 31,
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

Bioinstruments

  $    11,551  $    13,604  $    14,427

Bioconsumables

   8,901   8,719   8,981

Discovery Services

   2,724   1,092   2,420
            
  $23,176  $23,415  $25,828
            

Net sales by geographic region were as follows:

   Dollars in Thousands
   Years Ended December 31,
   

2007

  

2006

  

2005

United States

  $7,807  $6,780  $7,069

Europe

   12,511   14,262   14,979

Pacific Rim

   1,531   1,390   2,297

Other

   1,327   983   1,483
            

Total

  $    23,176  $    23,415  $    25,828
            

No customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated net sales for any period presented.

Substantially all long-lived assets are within the United States.

TRANSGENOMIC, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

M.        QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED)

Unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data was as follows:

   Year Ended December 31, 2007 
   Dollars in Thousands 
   

1st Quarter

  

2nd Quarter

  

3rd Quarter

  

4th Quarter

  

Total

 

Net Sales

  $5,222  $6,272  $5,151  $6,531  $23,176 

Gross Profit

  $    2,708  $    3,413  $    2,651  $    3,921  $    12,693 

Income (Loss) from continuing operations

  $(1,270) $233  $(1,349) $212  $(2,174)

Income (Loss) from discontinued operations

   74   (7)  —     —     67 
                     

Net Income (Loss)

  $(1,196) $226  $(1,349) $212  $(2,107)
                     

Basic and diluted loss per share:

      

From continuing operations

  $(0.02) $(0.00) $(0.03) $(0.00) $(0.04)

From discontinued operations

   —     —     —     —     —   
                     
  $(0.02) $(0.00) $(0.03) $(0.00) $(0.04)
                     

Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (in thousands)

   49,190   49,190   49,190   49,190   49,190 

   Year Ended December 31, 2006 
   Dollars in Thousands 
   

1st Quarter

  

2nd Quarter

  

3rd Quarter

  

4th Quarter

  

Total

 

Net Sales

  $    6,497  $    6,189  $    4,919  $    5,810  $    23,415 

Gross Profit

  $2,982  $3,049  $2,312  $3,026  $11,369 

Loss from continuing operations

  $(304) $(258) $(1,525) $(876) $(2,963)

Income(Loss) from discontinued operations

   (14)  (125)  (164)  (165)  (468)
                     

Net Loss

  $(318) $(383) $(1,689) $(1,041) $(3,431)
                     

Basic and diluted loss per share:

      

From continuing operations

  $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.03) $(0.02) $(0.06)

From discontinued operations

   —     —     —     —     (0.01)
                     
  $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.03) $(0.02) $(0.07)
                     

Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (in thousands)

   49,185   49,190   49,190   49,190   49,188 

Earnings per share are computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly per share losses may not equal the annual loss per share.

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

On May 16, 2007, the Audit Committee, acting on behalf of our Board of Directors, dismissed Deloitte & Touche (the “Former Accountant”) as our principal independent accountant. May 16, 2007 is also the date that our relationship with Deloitte & Touche ended for purposes of performing audit services. The Former Accountant’s reports for the past two fiscal years did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and such reports were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principals.

During the two most recent fiscal years and any subsequent interim period through May 16, 2007, there have been no disagreements between us and the Former Accountant on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope of procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of the Former Accountant, would have caused the Former Accountant to make reference to the subject matter thereof in its report. No “reportable events” (as defined by Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K) occurred during the two most recent fiscal years and through May 16, 2007.

On May 16, 2007, the Audit Committee, acting on behalf of our Board of Directors, engaged McGladrey & Pullen, LLP (the “New Accountant”) as our principal independent accountant subject to the completion of the New Accountant’s normal client acceptance procedures. We did not, nor did anyone on our behalf, consult the New Accountant during our two most recent fiscal years and during the subsequent interim period prior to our engagement of the New Accountant regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction (completed or proposed), the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, any matter being the subject of a disagreement or “reportable event” or any other matter described in Item 304(a)(2) of Regulation S-K.

None.

Item 9A(T).

Controls and Procedures.

(a)

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2007, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, because of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below, our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) were not effective. Notwithstanding the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 described below, we believe that the consolidated financial statements contained in this report present fairly our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the fiscal years covered thereby in all material respects. To address the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below, management performed additional manual procedures and analysis and other post-closing procedures in order to prepare the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(b)

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control

over financial reporting, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(c) of the Securities Exchange Act, in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

In accordance with the internal control reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, management completed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The COSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including the: (i) control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) information and communication, and (iv) monitoring (collectively, the “entity-level controls”), as well as (v) a company’s control activities (“process-level controls”). Management’s evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting identified a material weakness resulting from the combination of more than one significant deficiency. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer Collin J. D’Silva, ourand Chief Financial Officer Michael A. Summers and our Vice President and General Counsel, Keith A. Johnson. However, effective May 1, 2005, Mr. Johnson will no longer continue as an executive officerconcluded that, because of the Company. The employment agreements with Messrs. D’Silvamaterial weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, our internal control over financial reporting as defined rule 13a-15(f) was not effective. Policies and Summers require these executives to devote their full timeprocedures that were not formally documented, lack of segregation of duties, access authorization to our business activities, providedcomputer systems and financial reporting all were areas that they may servewere assessed as directorshaving a significant deficiency. A “material weakness” is defined as a significant deficiency or combination of or consultants to other companiessignificant deficiencies, that do not compete with us and for nonprofit corporations, civic organizations, professional groups and similar entities. These executives are not allowed to compete with us during the term of their employment and for one year after they are no longer our employee. Each agreement contains provisions under which these executive officers have agreed to maintain the confidentiality of information concerning us and which prohibits them from disclosing confidential information about our business to people outsideresults in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the Company, exceptannual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A “significant deficiency” is a deficiency or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for proper business purposes.oversight of our financial reporting.

We are taking the following steps to remediate the material weakness in 2007:

 

The employment agreement with Mr. D’Silva hasWe hired a term of 22 months expiringreplacement corporate controller in December 2006. The employment agreement with Mr. Summers has an initial term of three years expiring July 2007. Each of these agreements may be extended unless we or

We consolidated the employee, asinternational accounting functions from numerous locations to Glasgow, Scotland.

We are taking the case may be, give notice of an intention notfollowing steps to renew. If one of these officers is terminated for reasons other than an act of serious misconduct,remediate the officer will be entitled to severance paymaterial weakness in an amount equal to his then current base annual salary.2008:

 

Compensation Committee InterlocksWe will document formal security and Insider Participationbusiness policies and procedures.

 

There are no Compensation Committee interlocks and no insider participation in compensation decisions that are required to be reported underWe will review the rules and regulationsfunctions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.

This table shows the beneficial ownership of our common stock by our directors, by those of our executive officers who are namedemployees in the Summary Compensation Table, by allaccounting department to determine the cost benefit associated with proper segregation of duties. The accounting staff is small and complete segregation of duties may not be possible.

We will develop standard procedures for granting user access to our current executive officers and directors as a group, and by each person we believe beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding common stock as of March 28, 2005, the record date established for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Each stockholder named in this table has sole voting and investment power over the shares he beneficially owns, and all such shares are owned directlycomputer system.

We will develop additional procedures to ensure proper financial reporting.

Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the stockholder unless otherwise indicated. Stock ownership informationCompany’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of persons other than our executive officers and directors is based on Schedules 13D, 13F or 13G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report. Accordingly, this annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.

 

Name(c)


Number of SharesChange in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting other than those discussed above in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Beneficially Owned


Percent

of Class


Directors and Executive Officers

Collin J. D’Silva, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

4,656,154(1)13.6%

Michael A. Summers, Chief Financial Officer

50,000(2)*

Mitchell L. Murphy, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer

150,000(3)*

Keith A. Johnson, Vice President, General Counsel

72,917(4)*

Gregory J. Duman, Director

240,400(5)*

Jeffrey L. Sklar, M.D., Ph.D., Director

24,000(6)*

Roland J. Santoni, Director

25,000(7)*

Parag Saxena, Director

0(8)*

Gregory T. Sloma, Director

10,000(9)*

All directors and executive officers as a group (9 persons)

5,228,471(10)15.3
Other Shareholders

Kopp Investment Advisors, Inc.

8,723,680(11)25.5

Mazama Capital Management, LLC

4,054,932(12)11.8

INVESCO Private Capital, Inc.

2,292,426(13)6.7

*Represents less than 1% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company.
(1)Includes 1,400,000 shares owned by the Arthur P. D’Silva Trust, of which Collin J. D’Silva is the sole trustee and 484,616 shares owned by D’Silva, LLC, of which Mr. D’Silva is the managing member.


(2)Consists of vested options to purchase 50,000 shares at $1.09. Mr. Summers also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 50,000 shares at $1.09.
(3)Consists of 4,000 shares owned by Mr. Murphy and vested options to purchase 50,000 shares at $5.00 per share, 8,000 shares at $11.94 per share, 2,500 shares at $9.91 per share, 8,000 shares at $6.38 per share, 27,500 shares at $6.24 per share and 50,000 shares at $1.92 per share. Mr. Murphy also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 2,000 shares at $11.94 per share and 2,000 shares at $6.38 per share.
(4)Consists of vested options to purchase 26,500 shares at $6.16 per share, 11,667 shares at $1.92 per share, 10,000 shares at $1.88 per share and 25,000 shares at $1.32 per share. Mr. Johnson also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 8,750 shares at $6.16 per share, 23,333 shares at $1.92 per share and 20,000 shares at $1.88 per share.
(5)Consists of 25,400 shares owned by Mr. Duman and vested options to purchase 12,000 shares at $10.00 per share and 200,000 shares at $6.00 per share. Mr. Duman also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 3,000 shares at $10.00 per share, and 5,000 shares at $2.57 per share.
(6)Consists of vested options to purchase 15,000 shares at $5.00 per share and 9,000 shares at $13.00 per share. Dr. Sklar also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 3,000 shares at $6.38 per share, 6,000 shares at $6.16 per share and 5,000 shares at $2.57 per share.
(7)Consists of 2,500 shares owned by Mr. Santoni and vested options to purchase 17,500 shares at $10.00 per share and 5,000 shares at $2.57 per share. Mr. Santoni also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 3,000 shares at $6.16 per shares, 3,000 shares at $6.00 per share and 5,000 shares at $2.57 per share.
(8)Mr. Saxena holds unvested options to purchase 15,000 shares at $1.09 per share.
(9)Consists of vested options to purchase 10,000 shares at $2.57 per share. Mr. Sloma also holds unvested options to purchase an additional 5,000 shares at $2.57 per share.
(10)Includes vested options to acquire 540,417 shares of common stock.
(11)The address of Kopp Investment Advisors, Inc. is 7701 France Avenue South, Suite 500, Edina, Minnesota 55435.
(12)The address of Mazama Capital Management, LLC is One Southwest Columbia Street, Suite 1500, Portland Oregon 97258.
(13)These shares are held by entities affiliated with INVESCO Private Capital, Inc., which disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares. The address of INVESCO Private Capital, Inc. is 1166 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036.

 

Item 9B.

Other Information

None.

Equity Compensation Plan InformationPart III

 

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Information relating to our Board of Directors, including information regarding Craig Tuttle, our President and Chief Executive Officer who is also a director, required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) under the caption “Board of Directors and Committees.” Information regarding our other executive officer who is not a director is set forth below.

Debra A Schneider.    Ms. Schneider, age 49, joined Transgenomic Inc. in December, 2006 and currently serves as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. She also is its Secretary and Treasurer. Prior to joining Transgenomic, Ms. Schneider spent seventeen years at First Data Corporation in a number of roles, including finance, planning, accounting and Chief Financial Officer roles for various business units. Most recently, she served as Senior Vice President of Finance. Prior to her tenure at First Data Corporation, she worked as Controller at Creative Financing, Inc. and as an accountant with KPMG LLP.

Item 11.

Executive Compensation.

Certain information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the caption “Executive Compensation.”

Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.

The following equity compensation plan information summarizes plans and securities approved and not approved by security holders as of December 31, 2004:2007.

 

  (a)  (b)  (c)  (a)  (b)  (c)

PLAN CATEGORY


  Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights


  Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding options,
warrants and rights


  Number of securities remaining
available for future issuance
under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))


  

Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

  

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights

  Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)

  5,088,037  $5.09  867,727  4,535,064  $3.26  2,748,567

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

  —     —    —        
  
  

  
         

Total

  5,088,037  $5.09  867,727  4,535,064  $3.26  2,748,567
  
  

  
         

(1)

Consists of our 2006 Equity Compensation Plan

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.

Information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the caption “Voting Securities and Beneficial Ownership by Principal Stockholder and our Directors and Officers.”


Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence

Information required by this Item 13. Certainis incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related TransactionsTransactions” and “Board of Directors and Committees”.

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the caption “Accounting Fees and Services.”

PART IV

 

None.

Item 15.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following fees were billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP to us for professional services provided during 2004 and 2003:

Audit Fees. Deloitte & Touche LLP billed us a total of $250,000 and $227,000 in 2004 and 2003, respectively, for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for those fiscal years and to review our interim financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed by us with the SEC during those years.

Audit-Related Fees. Deloitte & Touche LLP billed us a total of $42,000 and $46,000 in 2004 and 2003, respectively, for audit-related services. Audit-related services generally include fees for the audits of our employee benefit plans and fees incurred in connection with services associated with SEC registration statements, periodic reports and other documents filed with the SEC or other documents issued in connection with securities offerings and research consultation on proposed transactions.

Tax Fees. Deloitte & Touche LLP billed us a total of $44,000 and $33,000 in 2004 and 2003, respectively, for tax services. Tax services consisted primarily of planning, advice and compliance, or return preparation, for U.S. federal, state and local, as well as international jurisdictions.

All Other Fees. Deloitte & Touche LLP did not render any services other than the services described under the above captions in 2004 and 2003.

Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

 

(a)

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

 

 3.

1.

Financial Statements. The following financial statements of the Registrant are included in response to Item 8 of this report:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Consolidated Balance Sheets of the Registrant and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.

Consolidated Statements of Operations of the Registrant and Subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity of the Registrant and Subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the Registrant and Subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant and Subsidiaries.

2.

Financial Statement Schedules.

None

3.

Exhibits. The following exhibits were filed as required by Item 15(a)(3) of this report. Exhibit numbers refer to the paragraph numbers under Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

31Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
3.1    Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q (Registration No. 000-30975) filed on November 14, 2005.


3.2    Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

4.    Form of Certificate of the Registrant’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

10.1    2006 Equity Incentive Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b) to Registration on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-139999) filed on January 16, 2007.

10.2    1999 UK Approved Stock Option Sub Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

10.3    Employee Stock Purchase Plan of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b) to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-71866) filed on October 19, 2001)

10.4    Employment Agreement between the Company and Craig J. Tuttle, dated July 12, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K (Registration No. 000-30975) filed on July 12, 2006.

10.5    Amendment No. 1 to the Employment Agreement between the Company and Craig J. Tuttle, effective July 12, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 10-Q (Registration No. 000-30975) filed on November 14, 2006.

10.6    Employment Agreement between the Company and Debra A. Schneider, effective December 14, 2006, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K (Registration No. 000-30975) filed on November 15, 2006.

10.7    License Agreement, dated September 1, 1994, between Registrant and Professor Dr. Gunther Bonn, et. al. and Amendment thereto, dated March 14, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

10.8    License Agreement, dated August 20, 1997, between the Registrant and Leland Stanford Junior University (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

10.9    License Agreement, dated December 1, 1989, between Cruachem Holdings Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Registrant) and Millipore Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 25, 2002)

10.10    Sublicense Agreement, dated October 1, 1991, between Cruachem Holdings Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Registrant) and Applied Biosystems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 25, 2002)

10.11    Missives, dated May 17, 2002, between Cruachem Limited (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant) and Robinson Nugent (Scotland) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2002)

10.12    License Amendment Agreement, dated June 2, 2003, by and between Geron Corporation and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2003)

10.13    Supply Agreement, dated January 1, 2000, between the Registrant and Hitachi Instruments (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-32174) filed on March 10, 2000)

10.14    Common Stock Purchase Warrant by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated December 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-111442) filed on December 22, 2003)

10.15    Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated December 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-111442) filed on December 22, 2003)

10.16    Common Stock Purchase Warrant by and between the Registrant and TN Capital Equities, Ltd., dated December 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-111442) filed on December 22, 2003)

10.17    Securities Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated February 19, 2004, as amended on April 15, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-114661) filed on April 21, 2004)

10.18    Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement and Related Document by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-118970) as filed on September 14, 2004)

10.19    Common Stock Purchase Warrant by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated February 19, 2004, as amended on April 15, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-114661) filed on April 21, 2004)

10.20    Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated February 19, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-114661) filed on April 21, 2004)

10.21    Common Stock Purchase Warrants by and between the Registrant and TN Capital Equities, Ltd., dated March 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-114661) filed on April 21, 2004)

10.22    Common Stock Purchase Warrant by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd., dated August 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-118970) as filed on September 14, 2004)

10.23    Form of Securities Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and various counterparties dated September 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2005)

10.24    Common Stock Purchase Warrant by and between the Registrant and Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. dated October 27, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2006)

10.25    Letter Agreement by and between the Registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd. dated October 31, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2006)

21    Subsidiaries of the Registrant

23    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

24    Powers of Attorney

31    Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32    Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned.undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 28th day of March 2008.

 

TRANSGENOMIC, INC.

By:

 

/s/    COLLINCRAIG J. D’SILVATUTTLE


 

CollinCraig J. D’Silva,Tuttle,

ChairmanPresident and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on this 2nd28th day of May 2005.March 2008.

 

Signature


  

Title


/s/ COLLINCRAIG J. D’SILVATUTTLE


CollinCraig J. D’SilvaTuttle

 Chairman of the Board,

Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ MICHAELDEBRA A. SUMMERSSCHNEIDER


MichaelDebra A. SummersSchneider

 

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ GREGORY J. DUMAN*


Gregory J. Duman

 

Director

/s/ JEFFREY L. SKLAR*


Jeffrey L. Sklar

 

Director

/s/ ROLAND J. SANTONI*RODNEY S. MARKIN*


Roland J. SantoniRodney S. Markin

 

Director

/s/ PARAG SAXENA*


Parag Saxena

Director

/s/ GREGORY T. SLOMA*


Gregory T. Sloma

 

Director

*By Collin J. D’Silva, as attorney-in-fact

/s/ COLLINFRANK R. WITNEY*

Frank R. Witney

Director

David P. Pauluzzi

Director

*By Craig J. D’SILVA


Tuttle, as attorney-in-fact

Collin/s/ CRAIG J. D’SilvaTUTTLE

Craig J. Tuttle

Attorney-in-fact for the individuals as indicated.

 

 

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