UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 ___________________________________________________
FORM 10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

10-K
  ___________________________________________________
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2016

2019


OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-36495

 ___________________________________________________
IHS MARKIT LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 ___________________________________________________
Bermuda98-1166311

(State or Other Jurisdictionother jurisdiction of

Incorporation

incorporation or Organization)

organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

4th Floor, Ropemaker Place

25 Ropemaker Street

London, England

EC2Y 9LY

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

+44207260 2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

 

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, $0.01 par value per share

 NASDAQ Global Select MarketINFONew York Stock Exchange


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

___________________________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes      No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.   Yes      No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes      No


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).      Yes      No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “smaller reporting“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller Reporting Company


Large accelerated filer    ☒    Accelerated filer    
Non-accelerated filer    ☐    Smaller reporting company    
Emerging growth company    

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).      Yes      No


The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates, based upon the closing price for the common shares as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $3.6$15.1 billion. All executive officers, directors, and holders of five percent or more of the outstanding common shares of the registrant have been deemed, solely for purposes of the foregoing calculation, to be “affiliates” of the registrant.


As of December 31, 2016,2019, there were 406,912,344392,948,672 of our common shares outstanding, excluding 25,219,470 outstanding common shares held by the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.


EXPLANATORY NOTE

IHS Markit Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company, (“IHS Markit,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), qualifies as a foreign private issuer in the U.S. for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We will retain foreign private issuer status until at least the end of fiscal 2017. However, even while we continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we will report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and have elected to file our annual and interim reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K.

We prepare a management proxy statement and related material under Bermuda requirements. As our management proxy statement is not filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, we may not incorporate by reference


The information required by Part III of ourthe Form 10-K, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference from our managementthe registrant’s definitive proxy statement. We filed our Annual Reportstatement on Form 10-KSchedule 14A for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2016 (“2016 Form 10-K”) on January 27, 2017. In reliance upon and as permitted by Instruction G(3)2020 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, to Form 10-K, we are filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A in order to include in the 2016 Form 10-K the Part III information not previously included in the 2016 Form 10-K.

No attempt has been made in this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A to modify or update the other disclosures presented in the 2016 Form 10-K except for the addition of required exhibits related to the disclosure presented in this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A. This Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A does not reflect events occurring after the filing of the 2016 Form 10-K. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A should be read in conjunction with the 2016 Form 10-K and our other filingsfiled with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As required by Rule 12b-15 underCommission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the Securities Exchange Actclose of 1934, as amended, certifications by our principal executive officer and principal financial officer for the 10-K are filed as exhibits to this Amendment.

All references to our websites contained herein do not constitute incorporation by reference of information contained on such websites and such information should not be considered part of this document.

registrant’s fiscal year.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART III   6Page
 

Item 10.

  
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 10.
Item 11.  6

Item 11.

12.
 28

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13. 61

Item 13.

Item 14. 65

Item 14.

  69 
  71
Item 15.
Item 16.
 

Item 15.

71
SIGNATURES80

Certain Definitions

The following definitions apply throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K unless the context requires otherwise:

“common shares”The common shares of IHS Markit Ltd., par value $0.01 per share
“IHS”IHS Inc., a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of IHS Markit, which is the accounting predecessor to IHS Markit in connection with the Merger, and its subsidiaries
“IHS Markit”IHS Markit Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company, after completion of the Merger, and its subsidiaries
“Markit”

Markit Ltd., which was the name of IHS Markit prior to completion of the

Merger, and its subsidiaries

“Merger”Merger of IHS and Markit, with IHS surviving the Merger as an indirect and wholly owned subsidiary of IHS Markit, pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 20, 2016, and completed on July 12, 2016
“We,” “Us,” “Company,” “Group,” or “Our”IHS Markit after completion of the Merger, and IHS or Markit, as the context requires, prior to completion of the Merger



Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements


This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” withinas defined in the meaning of the federal securities laws, including Section 27A of thePrivate Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Securities Exchange Act). In this context, forward-looking1995. These statements, often address expectedwhich express management’s current views concerning future business, andevents, trends, contingencies, financial performance, andor financial condition, appear at various places in this report and often containuse words such aslike “aim,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “aim,” “strive,“assume,” “believe,” “see,“continue,“project,” “predict,“could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “continue,” “strategy,“forecast,” “future,” “goal,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “see,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “strive,” “target,” “will,” “would,” “target,”and “would” and similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding: guidance and predictions relating to expected operating results, such as revenue growth and earnings; strategic actions includingsuch as acquisitions, joint ventures, and dispositions, the anticipated benefits from strategic actions including the merger between IHS Inc. and Markit Ltd.,therefrom, and our success in integrating acquired businesses; anticipated levels of capital expenditures in future periods; anticipated levels of indebtedness, capital allocation, dividends, and share repurchases in future periods; our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our ongoing business operations; expectations of the effect on our financial condition of claims, litigation, environmental costs, contingent liabilities, and governmental and regulatory investigations and proceedings; and our strategy for customer retention, growth, product development, market position, financial results, and reserves. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our

management’s current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: operating in competitive markets, economic and financial conditions, including volatility in interest and exchange rates; our ability to develop new products and services; our ability to manage system failures or capacity constraints; our ability to manage fraudulent or unpermitted data access or other cyber-security or privacy breaches; our ability to successfully manage risks associated with changes in demand for our products and services; our ability to manage our relationships with third partythird-party service providers; legislative, regulatory, and economic developments, including any new or proposed U.S. Treasury rule changes; the extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with customers or retaining existing ones and the level of service failures that could lead customers to use competitors’ services; the anticipated tax treatment, unforeseen liabilities, future capital expenditures, revenues, expenses, earnings, synergies, economic performance, indebtedness, financial condition, losses, future prospects, business and management strategies for the management, expansion, and growth of our operations; our ability to integrate the business successfully and to achieve anticipated synergies; our ability to retain and hire keyqualified personnel; our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and our other ongoing business obligations; and the occurrence of any catastrophic events, including acts of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities. These risks, as well as other risks which would cause actual results to be significantly different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, are more fully discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, along with our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)(“SEC”). While the list of factors presented here is considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements. Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, credit rating, or liquidity. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this annual reportAnnual Report on Form 10-K is based only on information currently available to usour management and speaks only as of the date of this report. We do not assume any obligation to publicly provide revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.


Website and Social Media Disclosure

We use our website (www.ihsmarkit.com) and corporate Twitter account (@IHSMarkit) as routine channels of distribution of company information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and supplemental financial information, as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our website and our corporate Twitter account in addition to following press releases, SEC filings, and public conference calls and webcasts. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements as part of our investor relations website. Investors and others can receive notifications of new information posted on our investor relations website in real time by signing up for email alerts.


None of the information provided on our website, in our press releases, public conference calls, and webcasts, or through social media channels is incorporated into, or deemed to be a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or

document we file with the SEC, and any references to our website or our social media channels are intended to be inactive textual references only.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Board Leadership Structure

Our Board of Directors is composed of eleven members, divided into three classes. Pursuant


Financial Presentation

We operate on a November 30 fiscal year end. Unless otherwise indicated, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to our amended and restated bye-laws, our directors are elected atan individual year means the annual general meeting of shareholders for a period of three years, with each director serving until the third annual general meeting of shareholders following their election. Upon the expiration of the term of a class of directors, directors for that class will be elected for a three-year term at the annual general meeting of shareholders in thefiscal year of such expiration. Each of our directors will continueended November 30. For example, “2019” refers to serve as director until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or until the earlier of his or her death, resignation or removal.

The Board of Directors of IHS Markit believes strongly in the value of an independent board of directors to provide effective oversight of management. This includes all independent members of the key board committees: the Audit Committee, the Human Resources Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee, and the Risk Committee. Each of the Company’s directors, other than Mr. Stead and Mr. Uggla, are independent (see “Independent and Non-Management Directors” below). The independent members of the Board of Directors meet regularly without management, which meetings are chaired by the lead independent director, which our bye-laws refer to as the Lead Director, whose role is described further below.

The Board believes it is important to retain its flexibility to allocate the responsibilities of the offices of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) in any way that it deems to be in the best interests of the Company. Since the completion of the Merger on July 12, 2016, Jerre Stead was appointed Chairman and CEO of IHS Markit and his service as both Chairman of the Board and CEO has been effective. Mr. Stead possesses detailed and in-depth knowledge of the business and the opportunities we have in the global marketplace and is thus well positioned to develop agendas that ensure that the Board’s time and attention are focused on the most critical matters.

IHS Markit has established a Lead Director role with broad authority and responsibility. Robert Kelly has served as our Lead Director since the closing of the Merger and was previously the lead director of Markit since June 2014. The Lead Director’s responsibilities include:

scheduling meetings of the independent directors;

chairing the separate meetings of the independent directors;

serving as principal liaison between the independent directors and the Chairman and CEO on sensitive issues;

communicating from time to time with the Chairman and CEO, and disseminating information among the Board of Directors as appropriate;

providing leadership to the Board of Directors if circumstances arise in which the role of the Chairman may be, or may be perceived to be, in conflict;

reviewing and approving the agenda and schedule for Board of Directors meetings and executive sessions and adding topics to the agenda as appropriate;

reviewing the quality, quantity, and timeliness of information to be provided to the Board;

serving as a non-management point of contact for the Company’s shareholders and other external stakeholders; and

presiding over the annual self-evaluation of the Board of Directors.

The Board believes that these responsibilities appropriately and effectively complement the Board leadership structure of IHS Markit.

The Role of the Board of Directors in Risk Oversight

We believe that risk is inherent in innovation and the pursuit of long-term growth opportunities. The Board of Directors, acting directly and through its committees, is responsible for the oversight of the Company’s risk management. With the oversight of the Board, IHS Markit has implemented practices and programs designed to help manage the risks to which we are exposed in our business and to align risk-taking appropriately with our efforts to increase shareholder value. Each of the Board’s four committees – Risk, Audit, Human Resources, and Nominating and Governance – has a role in assisting the Board in its oversight of the Company’s risk management, as set forth in the relevant committee charters.

The Board’s Risk Committee brings additional Board-level focus to the oversight of the Company’s management of key risks, as well as the Company’s policies and processes for monitoring and mitigating such risks. The Risk Committee meets at least quarterly. The Chair of the Risk Committee gives regular reports of the Risk Committee’s meetings and activities to the Board in order to keep the Board informed of the Company’s guidelines, policies and practices with respect to risk assessment and risk management; and each other committee also reports regularly to the full on its activities.

In addition, the Board of Directors participates in regular discussions among the Board and with IHS Markit senior management on many core subjects, including strategy, operations, finance, information technology, information security, human resources, legal and public policy matters, and any other subjects regarding which the Board or its committees consider risk oversight an inherent element. Management at IHS Markit is responsible for day-to-day risk management activities. The Company has formed a management risk committee led by a Chief Risk Officer to supervise these day-to-day risk management efforts, including identifying potential material risks and appropriate and reasonable risk mitigation efforts. The Chief Risk Officer regularly reports such efforts to the Risk Committee. The Board of Directors believes that the leadership structure described under “Board Leadership Structure” facilitates the Board’s oversight of risk management because it allows the Board, with leadership from the Lead Director and working through its independent committees, to participate actively in the oversight of management’s actions.

Business Experience and Qualification of Board Members

The following discussion presents information about the persons who comprise the Board of Directors of IHS Markit.

NameAgePosition

Class III Directors with terms expiring at the Annual General Meeting in 2017

Ruann F. Ernst

70Director

William E. Ford

55Director

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

60Director

Class I Directors with terms expiring at the Annual General Meeting in 2018

Jerre L. Stead

74Chairman and CEO

Dinyar S. Devitre

69Director

Robert P. Kelly

62Lead Director

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

61Director

Class II Directors with terms expiring at the Annual General Meeting in 2019

Lance Uggla

54Director, President and Chief Integration Officer

Jean-Paul Montupet

69Director

Richard W. Roedel

67Director

James A. Rosenthal

63Director

Nominees for Class III Directors to be Elected at the Annual General Meeting in 2017

Ruann F. Ernst

Ruann F. Ernst has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of IHS Inc. since December 2006. Dr. Ernst served as Chief Executive Officer of Digital Island, Inc. from 1998 until her retirement in 2002. Dr. Ernst was Chairperson of the board of Digital Island from 1998 until the company was acquired by Cable & Wireless, Plc. in 2001. Prior to Digital Island, Dr. Ernst worked for Hewlett Packard in various management positions, including General Manager, Financial Services Business Unit. Prior to that, she was Vice President for General Electric Information Services Company and a faculty member and Director of Medical Computing at The Ohio State University where she managed a biomedical computing and research facility. Dr. Ernst also served on the board of Digital Realty Trust from 2004 until May 2015. At The Ohio State University, she serves on the University Foundation Board and the Fisher College of Business Advisory Board. She was a founder and is Board Chair of the nonprofit, Healthy LifeStars.

Dr. Ernst brings to the Board a strong technical and computing background as well as skill in the development of information technology businesses. She also has extensive experience as a member of boards where strategic planning and long-term planning are critical to the success of the enterprise.

William E. Ford

William E. Ford has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of Markit Ltd. since June 2014. Mr. Ford is the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of General Atlantic LLC, a global growth equity firm, where he has worked since 1991. Mr. Ford sits on the boards of Axel Springer SE, Tory Burch, LLC and Oak Hill Advisors, L.P., which are General Atlantic portfolio companies. Mr. Ford is actively involved in various nonprofit organizations and serves on the boards of the National Committee on US-China Relations, Shofco (Shining Hope for Communities), New York Genome Center, and Partnership for New York City.

Mr. Ford is a member of the advisory board of McKinsey Investment Office Advisory Council, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, TBG Limited Advisory Board, Lincoln Center and The Johnson Company. He is also a Vice Chairman of the board of trustees of The Rockefeller University and a member of the board of overseers and managers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Mr. Ford formerly served on the boards of a number of General Atlantic portfolio companies including First Republic Bank, CareCore National, NYSE Euronext, E*Trade, Priceline, NYMEX and Zagat Survey. Mr. Ford holds a BA in Economics from Amherst College and an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Mr. Ford brings to the Board a wealth of private equity experience and extensive knowledge of business, finance and strategic acquisitions which will provide valuable insight for our long-term corporate and business strategy.

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

Balakrishnan S. Iyer has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of IHS Inc. since December 2003. From October 1998 to June 2003, Mr. Iyer served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Conexant Systems, Inc. From 1997 to 1998, he was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of VLSI Technology Inc. and, from 1993 to 1997, he was Vice President, Corporate Controller of VLSI Technology Inc. Mr. Iyer served on the board of directors of Conexant Systems from February 2002 until April 2011, Life Technologies (and its predecessor Invitrogen) from July 2001 until it was acquired in February 2014 and QLogic Corporation from 2003 until August 2016. He currently serves on the boards of directors of Skyworks Solutions, Inc. and Power Integrations, Inc. Mr. Iyer holds a B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, an MS in Industrial Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley and an MBA in Finance from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Iyer provides to the Board his expertise in corporate finance, accounting, and strategy, including experience gained as the Chief Financial Officer of two public companies. Mr. Iyer also brings a background in organizational leadership and experience serving as a public company outside director.

Continuing Class I Directors with Terms Expiring at the Annual General Meeting in 2018

Jerre L. Stead

Jerre L. Stead is Chairman and CEO of IHS Markit, and was Chairman and CEO of IHS Inc. prior to the Merger. He became executive chairman of IHS Inc. on December 1, 2000. He led IHS Inc.’s successful IPO in November 2005 and served as both chairman and CEO from September 2006 until June 2013. Mr. Stead returned as CEO of IHS in June 2015 and continued in his role as chairman until the Merger. Under Mr. Stead’s leadership since its IPO, IHS Inc. provided its shareowners a 28 percent compound annual growth rate. Mr. Stead began his career in 1965 at Honeywell, Inc., where he spent 21 years and held a number of executive management positions. He was the chairman and CEO of Honeywell-Phillips Medical Electronics from September 1980 to June 1982, and he returned to the United States as a group executive of the Homes and Buildings organization in July 1982. In 1987, he was named president and COO of the Square D Company, a leading manufacturer of electrical distribution and factory automation products. He was promoted to chairman, president and CEO in 1988 and served in that capacity through 1991. In 1992, Mr. Stead was named CEO of AT&T Global Business Communications Systems. He was promoted to executive vice president of AT&T and chairman and CEO of AT&T Global Information Solutions (NCR Corporation) in 1993. He served as a member of the AT&T Management Executive Committee. During this time, Mr. Stead was also the chairman of NCR Japan, a publicly traded company. In January 1995, Mr. Stead left AT&T to become chairman and CEO of Legent Corporation. He resigned eight months later after a successful merger

with Computer Associates. Mr. Stead joined Ingram Micro in 1996 as chairman and CEO and took the company public on November 1, 1996 – the largest IPO in history at that time for a technology company. Under his leadership, Ingram Micro grew from an $8 billion company to a $30 billion company conducting business in more than 120 countries. The company was number 41 in the Fortune 500 for the year 2000. Mr. Stead is a graduate of the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in business administration, and of the Harvard University Advanced Management Program in Switzerland. Mr. Stead has served on 34 corporate boards during his career. In 2009, he was chosen as an “outstanding director” by the Financial Times – one of 55 in the past ten years. Mr. Stead served on the board of Mindspeed until May 2014 and on the board of the Salk Institute until September 2015. He is chairman of the Banner Alzheimer’s Institute Foundation as well as chairman of the board of trustees of Garret-Evangelical Seminary. He is a past chairman of the National Electronic Manufacturers Association and the Center of Ethics and Values at the Garret-Evangelical Seminary.

Mr. Stead has been involved in the leadership of IHS Inc. for more than 15 years and was previously the Chief Executive Officer of six different public companies. As our Chairman and CEO, Mr. Stead brings to the Board of Directors his knowledge of our business, strategy, people, operations, competition, and financial position. Mr. Stead provides recognized executive leadership and vision. In addition, he brings with him a global network of customer, industry, and government relationships.

Dinyar S. Devitre

Dinyar S. Devitre has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of Markit Ltd. since November 2012. Mr. Devitre is also a member of the board of directors of Altria Group, Inc., where he serves on its finance and innovation committees. Mr. Devitre also serves as a Trustee of the Brooklyn Academy of Music and a Trustee Emeritus of the Asia Society. Until December 31, 2016, Mr. Devitre served as a special advisor to General Atlantic. In March 2008, Mr. Devitre retired from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Altria Group, Inc. Prior to Mr. Devitre’s appointment to this position in April 2002, he held a number of senior management positions with Altria, including President, Philip Morris Asia and Chairman and CEO of Philip Morris Japan. Mr. Devitre previously served on the boards of SABMiller plc, Western Union Company, Emdeon Inc., Kraft Foods Inc. (now known as Mondelēz International, Inc.), The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. and Pratham USA. Mr. Devitre holds a BA (Hons) degree from St. Joseph’s College, Darjeeling and an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad.

Mr. Devitre brings to the Board experience as the chief financial officer of a large multinational company, as an executive and director of large corporations, as well as diversity in viewpoint and international business experience.

Robert P. Kelly

Robert P. Kelly has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of Markit Ltd. since November 2012. Mr. Kelly serves as Lead Director of our Board of Directors. Mr. Kelly is chairperson of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and chairman of the board of directors of Santander Asset Management. Mr. Kelly also serves as a member of the Trilateral Commission and head of the U.S. alumni association of the Cass Business School, London. Mr. Kelly was most recently chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Bank of New York Mellon and The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation until 2011. Prior to that, Mr. Kelly was Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Mellon Bank Corporation, Chief Financial Officer of Wachovia Corporation and Vice-Chairman of Toronto-Dominion Bank. Mr. Kelly previously served as Chancellor of Saint Mary’s University in Canada, was a former member of the boards of the Financial Services Forum, the Federal Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Board, the Financial Services

Roundtable, and Institute of International Finance, and a former member of the board of trustees of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City, Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh and the Art Gallery of Ontario. Mr. Kelly holds a B.Comm. from Saint Mary’s University, an MBA from the Cass Business School, City University, London, United Kingdom and is a Chartered Accountant and Fellow Chartered Accountant. Mr. Kelly has been awarded honorary doctorates from City University and Saint Mary’s University.

Mr. Kelly’s extensive experience as the chairman and chief executive officer of a large financial institution, as well as other senior policy making positions in the financial services industry and as a director of other public and private companies, provides the Board with valuable insight and executive leadership , management and strategic development experiences.

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

Deborah Doyle McWhinney has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of IHS Inc. since May 2015. Ms. McWhinney was the chief executive officer of Citi’s global enterprise payments business and co-chair of the Citi Women initiative prior to her retirement in January 2014. Prior to joining Citi in 2009, Ms. McWhinney worked at Schwab, Inc. where she was President of Schwab Institutional and was a member of the executive committee, the Schwab Bank board, and headed the global risk committee. Ms. McWhinney previously held executive roles at Visa International and Engage Media (a division of CMGI). Earlier in her career, she worked for 17 years at Bank of America in corporate and retail banking. Ms. McWhinney was appointed by former President George W. Bush to the board of directors of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation in 2002. Ms. McWhinney currently serves on the boards of Fluor Corporation, Lloyds Banking Group plc and Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA and is a trustee for the California Institute of Technology and for the Institute for Defense Analyses.

Ms. McWhinney brings to the Board extensive experience gained in executive level positions in the financial services industry.

Continuing Class II Directors with Terms Expiring at the Annual General Meeting in 2019

Lance Uggla

Lance Uggla is President of IHS Markit, responsible for the post-merger integration. He will become Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IHS Markit on December 31, 2017, following the retirement of Jerre Stead. Prior to the Merger, Mr. Uggla was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Markit Ltd. He led Markit’s growth from a UK startup that he founded in 2003, offering the first daily credit default swap pricing service, to a public company with a market capitalisation of over $5 billion, providing business critical products and services to the world’s leading financial institutions. Markit has won over 100 awards for its innovations and contributions to financial market resilience. Previously Mr. Uggla was Vice Chair, Head of Europe and Asia at TD Securities and responsible for a USD 15 billion investment grade credit portfolio. Prior to that, he was Vice Chair, Head of Global Sales and Trading at CIBC World Markets. Mr. Uggla holds an MSc from the London School of Economics and a BBA from the Simon Fraser University in Canada. He was awarded UK Entrepreneur of the Year by EY in 2012.

Mr. Uggla was a founder and the Chairman and CEO of Markit since its creation, and was previously an executive in the financial industry. As president of IHS Markit, Mr. Uggla brings to the Board of Directors his knowledge of our business, strategy, people, operations, competition, and financial position. In addition, he brings with him extensive relationships in the financial services industry.

Jean-Paul L. Montupet

Jean-Paul Montupet has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of IHS Inc. since October 2012. Mr. Montupet serves as a special advisor to Eurazeo – Société anonyme. Mr. Montupet was chair of the Industrial Automation business of Emerson and president of Emerson Europe prior to his retirement in December 2012. Mr. Montupet joined Emerson in 1981, serving in a number of senior executive roles at the global technology provider. Mr. Montupet serves on the boards of WABCO Holdings Inc. and Assurant, Inc. and previously served on the board of Lexmark International, Inc. In addition, Mr. Montupet was the non-executive chair of the board of PartnerRE Ltd. until March 2016. He is also a trustee of the St. Louis Public Library Foundation and The Churchill Centre.

Mr. Montupet brings to the Board extensive international business experience, particularly from Europe and Asia Pacific.

Richard W. Roedel

Richard W. Roedel has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of IHS Inc. since November 2004. Mr. Roedel serves as a director of Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, LSB Industries, Inc. and Luna Innovations Incorporated. Mr. Roedel also serves as the non-executive chairman of Luna. Mr. Roedel served on the board of BrightPoint, Inc. until it was acquired in October 2012, on the board of Sealy Corporation until it was acquired in March 2013, and on the board of Lorillard, Inc. until it was acquired in June 2015. He also served as a director of Broadview Network Holdings, Inc., a private company, until 2012, and Dade Behring Holdings, Inc. from October 2002 until November 2005 when Dade was acquired. Mr. Roedel served in various capacities at Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. from November 2002 until June 2005, including Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Until 2000, Mr. Roedel was employed by BDO Seidman LLP, having been Managing Partner of its Chicago and New York Metropolitan area offices and later as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Roedel is a graduate of The Ohio State University and is a certified public accountant.

Mr. Roedel provides to the Board of Directors expertise in corporate finance, accounting, and strategy. He brings experience gained as a Chief Executive Officer and as a director for several companies.

James A. Rosenthal

James A. Rosenthal has served as a member of our Board since July 2016 and previously served as a member of the board of Markit Ltd. since September 2013. Until December 2016, Mr. Rosenthal was the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Morgan Stanley, a member of Morgan Stanley’s management and operating committees, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., and Chairman of the board of Morgan Stanley Private Bank, N.A. Mr. Rosenthal is a member of the board of The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. Mr. Rosenthal was previously Head of Corporate Strategy of Morgan Stanley, Chief Operating Officer of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management and Head of Firmwide Technology and Operations for Morgan Stanley. Prior to joining Morgan Stanley, Mr. Rosenthal served as Chief Financial Officer of Tishman Speyer from 2006 to 2008. Mr. Rosenthal holds a BA from Yale and a JD from Harvard Law School.

Mr. Rosenthal brings to the Board extensive experience gained as chief operating officer of one of the world’s largest financial institutions.

Organization of the Board of Directors

Prior to the completion of the Merger, the Markit board consisted of ten directors. Upon completion of the Merger, in accordance with our bye-laws, the Board size increased to eleven directors, six of whom

were designees of IHS (each an “IHS designee”) and five of whom were designees of Markit (each a “Markit designee”). As such, as of the completion of the Merger on July 12, 2016, Edwin D. Cass, Gillian H. Denham, Timothy J.A. Frost, Cheng Chih Sung, Anne Walker and Lance Uggla resigned as directors of IHS Markit and the remaining members of the Board, William E. Ford, Dinyar S. Devitre, Robert P. Kelly, James A. Rosenthal, as the Markit designees, appointed Lance Uggla as a Class II director and Markit designee, and the following IHS designees to serve as directors of IHS Markit: Jerre L. Stead and Deborah Doyle McWhinney as Class I directors, Richard Roedel and Jean-Paul Montupet as Class II directors and Ruann F. Ernst and Balakrishnan S. Iyer as Class III directors.

In addition, Mr. Stead became the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IHS Markit, Mr. Uggla became the President and Chief Integration Officer of IHS Markit and Robert Kelly became the Lead Director of the Board. Prior to the Merger, Mr. Stead was chairman and chief executive of IHS and Mr. Uggla was chairman and chief executive of Markit. Pursuant to our bye-laws, Mr. Stead will serve as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IHS Markit until no later than December 31, 2017 (the “change date”), when Mr. Uggla will be appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IHS Markit, unless otherwise decided by supermajority approval of the Board (excluding the vote of Mr. Uggla).

Our bye-laws provide that, prior to the change date, if any IHS designee or Markit designee can no longer serve as a director of IHS Markit due to death, disability, disqualification or resignation, the remaining IHS designees (if the departing director is an IHS designee) or Markit designees (if the departing director is a Markit designee), will appoint his or her successor, in each case, acting by the affirmative vote of a majority of such remaining IHS designees or Markit designees, as applicable. Our bye-laws also provide that, prior to the change date, for any director election to occur by resolution of the IHS Markit shareholders, any person proposed or nominated by the IHS Markit board to replace an IHS designee will require the approval of the remaining IHS designees and any person proposed or nominated by the IHS Markit board to replace a Markit designee will require the approval of the remaining Markit designees, in each case, acting by the affirmative vote of a majority of such remaining IHS designees or remaining Markit designees, as applicable.

Our Board held 13 meetings during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2016. At each meeting,2019.


Trademarks, Service Marks, and Copyrights

We own or have rights to use the Chairman was the presiding director. Each director attended at least 75 percent of the total regularly scheduledtrademarks, service marks, and special meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served. As stated in our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Board encourages each director to attend our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, although attendance is not required. At the 2016 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, seven of Markit’s ten directors at the time were in attendance.

At the completion of the Merger, our Board established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Human Resources Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee, and the Risk Committee. The Board has approved a charter for each of the Audit, Human Resources, Nominating and Governance, and Risk committees, each of which can be found on our website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com.

In Markit’s initial public offering in 2014, Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (“CPPIB”) purchased approximately $250 million of our common shares, and was given the right to nominate, in consultation with our Nominating and Governance Committee, one director for appointment to our Board of Directors pursuant to a Director Nomination Agreement with us. This right will expire if CPPIB’s beneficial ownership of our common shares falls below 100 percent of the number of common shares CPPIB purchased in Markit’s initial public offering. Edwin D. Cass was the designee nominated by CPPIB and was appointed to Markit’s Board of Directors in October 2014. At the completion of the Merger, Mr. Cass resigned and CPPIB determined at that time that it would not choose to designate a new nominee to our Board, reserving the right to designate a future nominee in accordance with the terms of the Director Nomination Agreement.

Independent and Non-Management Directors

We believe that all of our directors other than Messrs. Stead and Uggla are “independent directors,” based on the independence standards of NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations. All of our directors other than Messrs. Stead and Uggla are non-management directors.

In addition, we believe that all members of each of the Audit Committee, Risk Committee, Human Resources Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board meets the independence standards of NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations.

In accordance with our bye-laws and the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the independent directors designated Mr. Kelly as Lead Director on July 12, 2016. The Lead Director chairs executive sessions of the independent directors. During our 2016 fiscal year, the independent directors of the Board met seven times without the presence of management.

Prior to their resignation, Mr. Cass, Ms. Denham, Mr. Frost, Dr. Sung and Ms. Walker were believed by the Board to be “independent directors” based the independence standards of NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations.

Simultaneous Service on Other Public Company Boards

In accordance with our Corporate Governance Guidelines, without the consent of the Nominating and Governance Committee, a director may not serve on more than five public company boards, including our Board, and a director who is also the chief executive officer of another public company may not serve on more than two public company boards, including our Board and their own board of directors.

The Corporate Governance Guidelines also provide that a director must notify and receive approval from the Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee prior to accepting any invitation to serve on another board (including a not-for-profit/tax-exempt board) or with a government or advisory group that is expected to require significant commitments of time, in order for IHS Markit to confirm the absence of any actual or potential conflict of interest.

Business Code of Conduct and Corporate Governance Guidelines

We have adopted a code of ethicstrade names that we refer to as our Business Code of Conduct. Our Business Code of Conduct applies to our directors as well as all of our principal executive officers, our financial and accounting officers, and all other employees of IHS Markit.

Our Board has also adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that serve as a flexible framework within which our Board and its committees operate. These guidelines cover a number of areas including the size and composition of our Board of Directors, membership criteria and director qualifications, director responsibilities, Board agenda, roles of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and lead independent director, meetings of independent directors, committee responsibilities and assignments, Board member access to management and independent advisers, director communications with third parties, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, evaluation of senior management and management succession planning.

Our Business Code of Conduct and our Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com. If we approve any substantive amendment to our Business Code of Conduct or our Corporate Governance Guidelines, or if we grant any waiver of the Business Code of Conduct to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, or the Chief Accounting Officer, we intend to post an update on the Investor Relations page of the Company’s website (http://investor.ihsmarkit.com) within five business days and keep the update on the site for at least one year.

Communications with the Board

The Board has a process for shareholders or any interested party to send communications to the Board, including any committee of the Board, any individual director, or our non-management directors. If you wish to communicate with the Board as a whole, with any committee, with any one or more individual directors, or with our non-management directors, you may send your written communication to:

General Counsel

c/o IHS Markit Legal Department

IHS Markit Ltd.

4th Floor, Ropemaker Place

25 Ropemaker Street

London, England EC2Y 9LY

Communications with Non-Management Directors

Interested parties wishing to reach our independent directors or non-management directors may address the communication to our Lead Director on behalf of the non-management directors. Address such communications as follows:

Lead Director

c/o IHS Markit Legal Department

IHS Markit Ltd.

4th Floor, Ropemaker Place

25 Ropemaker Street

London, England EC2Y 9LY

Depending on how the communication is addressed and the subject matter of the communication, either our Lead Director or Ms. Granat will review any communication received and will forward the communication to the appropriate director or directors.

Communications with the Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee has established a process for communicating complaints regarding accounting or auditing matters.

In order to submit a complaint, you may call our code of conduct hotline as set forth in the Code of Conduct Hotline policy, which can be found on our website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com. Any such complaints received or submitted are forwarded as appropriate to the Audit Committee, to take such action as may be appropriate.

Composition of Board Committees

The Board has had four standing committees in fiscal year 2016 since the completion of the Merger, with duties, membership as of fiscal year-end, and number of meetings for each as shown below.

Name  Audit(1)   Human
Resources
   Nominating
and
Governance
   Risk(1) 

Dinyar S. Devitre

   Chair              

Ruann F. Ernst

     Chair      

William E. Ford

           

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

              

Robert P. Kelly

          Chair    

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

              

Jean-Paul Montupet

              

Richard W. Roedel

         Chair  

James A. Rosenthal

                    

2016 Meetings

   7     7     6     1  

(1)The Risk Committee was established at the completion of the Merger. Prior to July 12, 2016, the Audit Committee was delegated responsibility for risk overview of the Company.

During fiscal year 2016, the following directors served on committees for portions of the year:

Audit Committee: Mr. Cass, Mr. Frost and Mr. Sung served on the Audit Committee (formerly the Audit and Risk Committee) until the completion of the Merger. Ms. McWhinney, Mr. Iyer and Mr. Ford began serving on the Audit Committee on July 12, 2016 at the completion of the Merger.

Human Resources Committee: Ms. Denham and Mr. Ford served on the Human Resources Committee (formerly the Human Resources and Compensation Committee) until the completion of the Merger. Dr. Ernst and Mr. Montupet began serving on the Human Resources Committee on July 12, 2016 at the completion of the Merger.

Nominating and Governance Committee: Ms. Denham, Mr. Frost and Mr. Uggla served on the Nominating and Governance Committee until the completion of the Merger. Mr. Iyer and Mr. Kelly began serving on the Nominating and Governance Committee on July 12, 2016 at the completion of the Merger.

Risk Committee: Mr. Devitre, Ms. McWhinney, Mr. Roedel and Mr. Rosenthal began serving on the Risk Committee on July 12, 2016, when it was established at the completion of the Merger.

Audit Committee

Members:

Dinyar S. Devitre (Chair)

William E. Ford

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

Our Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee assists our Board in its oversight of (i) the integrity of our financial statements; (ii) our independent registered public accountants’ qualifications, independence, and performance; (iii) the performance of our internal audit function; and (iv) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee is directly responsible for recommending the appointment of, and

the compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accountants. The Audit Committee also prepares the report on the Company’s financial statements and its independent registered public accountants that the SEC rules require to be included in the Company’s annual proxy statement or annual report. The Audit Committee is governed by a charter, a copy of which is available at the Company’s website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com.

Our Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee satisfies the “independence” requirement of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, the listing standards of NASDAQ and the Audit Committee Charter and meets the financial literacy and sophistication requirements of the listing standards of NASDAQ. In addition, the Board has determined that each of Mr. Devitre, Mr. Iyer and Ms. McWhinney meets the definition of “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.

Human Resources Committee

Members:

Ruann F. Ernst (Chair)

Robert P. Kelly

Jean-Paul Montupet

James A. Rosenthal

The Human Resources Committee has been established by our Board to (i) review, approve and administer our compensation and benefits policies generally, (ii) evaluate executive officer performance and review our management succession plan, (iii) review and approve compensation for our executive officers, (iv) retain and terminate compensation consultants, (v) review and discuss the Compensation Discussion and Analysis disclosure with management and provide a recommendation to the Board regarding its inclusion in the Company’s annual proxy statement or annual report, and (vi) prepare the report on executive officer compensation that the SEC rules require to be included in the Company’s annual proxy statement or annual report. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” below for a more detailed description of the functions of the Human Resources Committee. The Human Resources Committee is governed by a charter, a copy of which is available at the Company’s website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com.

Our Board has determined that each member of the Human Resources Committee satisfies the “independence” requirement of the listing standards of NASDAQ, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Human Resources Committee Charter.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Members:

Dinyar S. Devitre

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

Robert P. Kelly (Chair)

Jean-Paul Montupet

The Nominating and Governance Committee has been created by our Board to (i) identify individuals qualified to become board members and recommend director nominees to the Board, (ii) recommend directors for appointment to committees established by the Board, (iii) make recommendations to the Board as to determinations of director independence, (iv) oversee the evaluation of the Board, (v) make recommendations to the Board as to compensation for our directors, and (vi) develop and recommend to the Board our corporate governance guidelines and business code of conduct and ethics. A more detailed description of certain functions of the Nominating and Governance Committee

can be found under “Director Nominations.” The Nominating and Governance Committee is governed by a charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com.

Our Board has determined that each member of the Human Resources Committee satisfies the “independence” requirement the listing standards of NASDAQ, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Nominating and Governance Committee Charter.

Risk Committee

Members:

Dinyar S. Devitre

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

Richard W. Roedel (Chair)

James A. Rosenthal

The Risk Committee has been established by our Board to assist our Board in its oversight of the Company’s risk management. In addition to any other responsibilities which may be assigned from time to time by the Board, the Risk Committee is responsible for (i) reviewing and discussing with management the Company’s risk management and risk assessment processes, including any policies and procedures for the identification, evaluation and mitigation of major risks of the Company; (ii) receiving periodic reports from management as to efforts to monitor, control and mitigate major risks; and (iii) reviewing periodic reports from management on selected risk topics as the Risk Committee deems appropriate from time to time, encompassing major risks other than those delegated by the Board to other committees of the Board in their respective charters or otherwise. The Risk Committee is governed by a charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com.

Our Board has determined that each member of the Risk Committee satisfies the “independence” requirement of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Risk Committee Charter.

Director Nominations

Our Board nominates directors to be elected at each Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and appoints new directors to fill vacancies when they arise. The Nominating and Governance Committee has the responsibility to identify, evaluate, recruit, and recommend qualified candidates to the Board for nomination or appointment.

In addition to considering an appropriate balance of knowledge, experience and capability, the Board has as an objective that its membership be composed of experienced and dedicated individuals with diversity of backgrounds, perspectives, and skills. The Nominating and Governance Committee will select candidates for director based on the candidate’s character, judgment, diversity of experience, business acumen, and ability to act on behalf of all shareholders (without regard to whether the candidate has been nominated by a shareholder). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that nominees for director should have experience, such as experience in management or accounting and finance, or industry and technology knowledge, that may be useful to IHS Markit and the Board, high personal and professional ethics, and the willingness and ability to devote sufficient time to effectively carry out his or her duties as a director. The Nominating and Governance Committee believes it appropriate for at least one, and preferably multiple, members of the Board to meet the criteria established by the SEC for an “audit committee financial expert,” and for a majority of the members of the Board to meet the definition of “independent director” under the rules of NASDAQ. The Nominating and Governance Committee also believes it appropriate for certain key members of our management to participate as members of the Board.

Prior to each Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, the Nominating and Governance Committee identifies nominees first by evaluating the current directors whose term will expire at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and who are willing to continue in service. These candidates are evaluated based on the criteria described above, the candidate’s prior service as a director, and the needs of the Board with respect to the particular talents and experience of its directors. In the event that a director does not wish to continue his or her service, the Nominating and Governance Committee determines not to re-nominate the director, or a vacancy is created on the Board as a result of a resignation, an increase in the size of the Board, or other event, the Nominating and Governance Committee will consider various candidates for membership, including those suggested by the Nominating and Governance Committee members, by other Board members, by any executive search firm engaged by the Nominating and Governance Committee, or by any nomination properly submitted by a shareholder pursuant to the procedures for shareholder nominations for directors provided in the proxy statement related to the Annual General Meeting and this annual report. As a matter of policy, candidates recommended by shareholders are evaluated on the same basis as candidates recommended by the Board members, executive search firms, or other sources. In 2016, Nominating and Governance Committee has not engaged any executive search firms to assist with identifying qualified Board candidates.

Shareholder Proposals for the 2018 Annual General Meeting

If a shareholder wishes to present a proposal at the 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and have it included in our Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, the shareholder and the proposal must comply with these instructions, our bye-laws and the proxy proposal submission rules of the SEC. One important requirement is that the proposal be received by the Company Secretary of IHS Markit no later than October 24, 2017.

If a shareholder wishes to present a proposal at the 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, but not to include the proposal in our Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, or to nominate a person for election as a director, the shareholder and the proposal must comply with the requirements set forth in our bye-laws, including by the shareholder giving timely notice of the proposal in writing to the Company Secretary of IHS Markit at the principal executive offices of IHS Markit:

IHS Markit Ltd.

Attn: Company Secretary – IHS Markit Legal Department

4th Floor, Ropemaker Place

25 Ropemaker Street

London, England EC2Y 9LY

In order to be timely under our bye-laws, notice of shareholder proposals must be received by the Company Secretary of IHS Markit, in the case of an annual general meeting of the shareholders, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual general meeting of shareholders. If the next annual meeting is called for a date that is more than 30 days before or after that anniversary date, notice by the shareholder in order to be timely must be received not later than 10 days following the earlier of the date on which notice of the annual general meeting was posted to shareholders or the date on which public disclosure of the date of the annual general meeting was made. Therefore, assuming that our 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders is called for a date that is not more than 30 days before or after April 5, 2018, we must receive notice of such a proposal or nomination for the 2018 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders no earlier than December 6, 2017 and no later than January 5, 2018.

We urge shareholders to submit proposals by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the attention of the Corporate Secretary at the above address.

Additionally, under Bermuda law, shareholders holding not less than five percent of the total voting rights or 100 or more shareholders together may require us to give notice to our shareholders of a proposal to be submitted at an annual general meeting. Generally, notice of such a proposal must be received by us at our registered office in Bermuda, located at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda, not less than six weeks before the date of the meeting and must otherwise comply with the requirements of Bermuda law.

Shareholder proposals related to shareholder nominations for the election of directors

A shareholder’s notice to the Company Secretary related to shareholder nominations for the election of directors must be in proper written form and must set forth information related to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner (if any) on whose behalf the nomination is made, including:

as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (C) the class or series and number of shares of IHS Markit owned beneficially or of record by the person and (D) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to the Exchange Act or that IHS Markit may reasonably request in order to determine the eligibility of such person to serve as a director of IHS Markit;

the name and record address of the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is proposed;

the class or series and number of shares of IHS Markit which are registered in the name of or beneficially owned by such shareholder and such beneficial owner (including any shares as to which such shareholder or such beneficial owner has a right to acquire ownership at any time in the future);

a description of all derivatives, swaps or other transactions or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such shareholder or such beneficial owner, the purpose or effect of which is to give such shareholder or such beneficial owner economic risk similar to ownership of shares of IHS Markit;

a description of all agreements, arrangements, understandings or relationships engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such shareholder or such beneficial owner, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (or ownership or otherwise) of any class or series of shares of IHS Markit, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such shareholder or beneficial owner, or which provides, directly or indirectly, such shareholder or beneficial owner with the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of shares of IHS Markit;

a description of all agreements, arrangements, understandings or relationships between such shareholder or such beneficial owner and any other person or persons (including their names)use in connection with the proposed nomination by such shareholderoperation of our business; other trademarks, service marks, and any material relationship between such shareholdertrade names referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We also own or such beneficial ownerhave the rights to copyrights that protect aspects of our products and services. Solely for convenience, the person proposedtrademarks, service marks, trade names, and copyrights referred to be nominated for election;in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed without the ®, ™, and

a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the general meeting to propose such nomination.

In the case of an election at any general meeting of shareholders, any such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

Shareholder proposals not related to director nominations

A shareholder’s notice © symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks, and trade names.


PART I

Item 1. Business

History and Development of the Company Secretary

IHS Markit Ltd. (“IHS Markit” or “we” or “us” or “our”) was formed in 2016 through a merger (“Merger”) of IHS Inc., which had been in business since 1959 and was publicly traded since 2005, and Markit with respect to shareholder proposals not related to director nominations must beLtd., which was founded in proper written form2003 and must set forth, as to each matter the shareholder and the beneficial owner (if any) proposes to bring before the meeting:

a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the general meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the bye-laws of the Company, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the general meeting;

the name and record address of such shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the business is being proposed;

the class or series and number of shares ofwas publicly traded since 2014. IHS Markit which are registered in the name of or beneficially owned by such shareholder and such beneficial owner (including any shares as to which such shareholder or such beneficial owner has a right to acquire ownership at any time in the future);

a description of all derivatives, swaps or other transactions or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such shareholder or such beneficial owner, the purpose or effect of whichLtd. is to give such shareholder or such beneficial owner economic risk similar to ownership of shares of IHS Markit;

a description of all agreements, arrangements, understandings or relationships engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such shareholder or such beneficial owner, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (or ownership or otherwise) of any class or series of shares of IHS Markit, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such shareholder or beneficial owner, or which provides, directly or indirectly, such shareholder or beneficial owner with the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of shares of IHS Markit;

a description of all agreements, arrangements, understandings or relationships between such shareholder or such beneficial owner and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such shareholder and any material interest of such shareholder or such beneficial owner in such business; and

a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the general meeting to bring such business before the general meeting.

You may obtain a copy of the current rules for submitting shareholder proposals from the SEC at:

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Division of Corporation Finance

100 F Street, NE

Washington, DC 20549

or through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

We recommend that any shareholder desiring to make a nomination or submit a proposal for consideration obtain a copy of our bye-laws. They are available free of charge upon written requestincorporated pursuant to the Company Secretarylaws of Bermuda, and our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “INFO.”


Our principal executive offices are located at c/o IHS Markit Legal Department, IHS Markit Ltd., 4th Floor, Ropemaker Place, 25 Ropemaker Street, London, England EC2Y 9LY.

Director Share Ownership Guidelines

Our telephone number at this address is +44 20 7260 2000. We maintain a registered office in Bermuda at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda. The telephone number of our registered office is +1 441 295 5950.


Our Vision

Our vision is to be our customers’ leading source for critical information, analytics, and insight. Our purpose is to help our customers grow, enabling better decision making and operational efficiency.
Our Business

We deliver data, insight, and software that combine our expertise, unique content sets, and leading technology to the world’s major industries, financial markets, and governments. Our analytics reveal interdependencies across complex industries, which enhances transparency, reduces risk, and improves operational efficiency for our customers. Our information, analytics, and solutions are significant components in the systems and workflows of many of our customers and continue to become increasingly important to our customers’ operations. We leverage leading technologies and our industry expertise to create innovative products and services that provide information and insight to our customers to help them be more efficient and make more informed decisions. We are committed to sustainable, profitable growth.

Our core competency is using our expertise to source and transform data into information and analytics that our customers can use when making operational and strategic decisions. We are a dependable resource for our customers, who require and demand the most accurate and robust information available. We are dedicated to providing the information and analysis our customers need to make critical decisions that drive growth and value for their operations.

By integrating and connecting our information and analytics with proprietary and widely used decision-support technology on scalable platforms, we produce critical information and insight designed to meet our customers’ needs. Our product development teams have also created proprietary Web services and application interfaces that enhance access to our information and allow our customers to integrate our offerings with other data, business processes, and applications (such as computer-aided design, enterprise resource planning (“ERP”), supply chain management, and product data/lifecycle management).

Our Objectives

To achieve our vision, we are focusing our efforts primarily on the following areas:
Customers. We are working together with our customers to be a trusted and valued partner through meaningful and responsive engagement, deep and differentiated expertise, and best-in-class delivery.
Product. We strive to develop innovative, best-in-class products that deliver real value, are reliable, and stand out from our competitors.
Technology and data science. We are using technology and data science as a differentiator to maximize and optimize our content, expertise, and operations.
People. Our work environment is designed to encourage excitement and pride in the work we do and where our people are constantly learning and feel challenged, respected, and valued.
Efficiency. We expect to achieve operational excellence by consistently improving productivity and efficiency by leveraging technology and operations.
Financial strength. We seek to consistently deliver on our key financial commitments.

We benchmark our progress annually against these objectives using external and internal metrics. For example, to

measure customer and employee satisfaction, we use surveys and develop goals based on those metrics.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to bring together information, research, analytics, and technology to deliver integrated offerings to customers in separate but interconnected industries. We believe that we can best implement our strategy by using our strong foundation of leading assets, talent, and competitive positioning in large growing global markets to achieve the following:

Increase in geographic, product, and customer penetration. We believe there are continued opportunities to add new customers and to increase the use of our products and services by existing customers. We plan to add new customers and build our relationships with existing customers by leveraging our existing sales channels, broad product portfolio, global footprint, and industry expertise to anticipate and respond to the changing demands of our end markets.

Introduce innovative offerings and enhancements. To maintain and enhance our position as a leading information services provider, we introduce enhancements to our products and services, as well as launch new products and services. We maintain an active dialogue with our customers and partners to allow us to understand their needs and anticipate market developments. We also seek to develop innovative uses for our existing products and services to generate incremental revenue, find more cost-effective inputs to support our existing products and services, and facilitate development of profitable new products and services.Our investment priorities are primarily in energy, automotive, and financial services, and we intend to continue to invest across our business to increase our customer value proposition.

Balance capital allocation. We expect to balance capital allocation between returning capital to shareholders (targeting an annual capital return of 50 to 75 percent of our annual capital capacity through a combination of share repurchases and cash dividends) and completing mergers and acquisitions, focused primarily on targeted transactions in our core end markets that will allow us to continue to build out our strategic position. We intend to operate at the high end of our capital policy target leverage ratio of 2.0-3.0x.

Our Global Organizational Structure

To serve our customers, we are organized into the following four industry-focused segments:

Financial Services, which includes our financial Information, Solutions, and Processing product offerings;
Transportation, which includes our Automotive and Maritime & Trade product offerings;
Resources, which includes our Upstream and Downstream product offerings; and
Consolidated Markets & Solutions, which includes our Product Design, Economics & Country Risk, and TMT benchmarking product offerings.

We believe that this sales and operating model helps our customers do business with us by providing a cohesive, consistent, and effective product, sales, and marketing approach by segment.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that our nonemployee directors shouldcompetitive strengths include the following:

Trusted partner with diversified, global customer base and strong brand recognition. We believe that our customers trust and rely on us for our consultative approach to product development, dedication to customer satisfaction, and ability to execute and deliver effective product and service offerings. Our industry expertise allows us to effectively anticipate, understand, and address our customers’ needs. Our global footprint allows us to serve our customers throughout the world and to introduce our products and services to customers in new markets. Our product offerings are well established and recognized in multiple industries. We also own a number of well-known brands, including CARFAX, CERAWeek, the Purchasing Managers Index series, and the iBoxx indices.

Breadth and depth of information and analytics. Our customers benefit from a concentration of intellectual wealth and thought leadership in a variety of industries. We believe that our global team of information and industry experts, research analysts, and economists provides our customers with leading strategic information and research. We convert raw data into critical information through a series of transformational steps that reduce the uncertainty that is inherent in unrefined data. Our goal is to ensure that the information we provide through our product offerings is correct, current, complete, and consistent; therefore, we place a high degree of emphasis on the data transformation process.

With our process, we believe that we can provide information and analytics that are both useful to our customers and available where and when needed. Our process also provides the foundation for the integration of our products and services into differentiated offerings and advanced analytics for the customers in our target industries.

Attractive financial model. We believe we have an attractive financial model due to our recurring revenue, margin expansion, cash generation, and capital flexibility characteristics.

Significant recurring revenue. We offer our products and services primarily through recurring fixed and variable fee agreements, and this business model has historically delivered stable revenue and predictable cash flows. For the year ended November 30, 2019, we generated approximately 85 percent of our revenue from recurring revenue streams. Many of our offerings are core to our customers’ business operations, and we have long-term relationships with many of our customers.
Solid margin expansion. Our customer focus and fiscal discipline have permitted us to maintain and progressively increase our margins as we integrate and streamline our operations and leverage our business model to provide valuable customer support.
High cash generation. Our business has low capital requirements for product enhancement and new product development, allowing us to generate strong cash flow.
Capital flexibility. Our cash flow model and credit quality provide us with a significant amount of flexibility in decision-making, allowing us to balance internal resource and investment needs, acquisitions, and shareholder return.

Our Customers

We have a significant equity interestdiverse customer base, with more than 50,000 business and government customers, including 80 percent of the Fortune Global 500 and more than 80 percent of the Fortune U.S. 1000. Our customers operate in global interconnected industries and financial markets, and we continue to build on our existing scale to integrate our comprehensive content, expertise, tools, technology, and research and analysis to produce a differentiated offering that makes us an important part of many of our customers’ core workflows. In 2019, no customer or group of affiliated customers represented more than 10 percent of our revenue.

Our Operating Segments

We develop our products and services based on customer needs in the Company. target industries we serve and in the workflows that our customers use. We have organized our business to address the following key industries:

Financial Services

Our Board has adoptedFinancial Services segment provides pricing and reference data, indices, valuation and trading services, trade processing, enterprise software, and managed services. Financial Services end users include front- and back-office professionals, such as traders, portfolio managers, risk managers, research professionals, and other financial markets participants, as well as operations, compliance, and enterprise data managers. This segment includes our Information, Processing, and Solution offerings.

Information. Our Information offerings provide enriched content consisting of pricing and reference data, indices, and valuation and trading services across multiple asset classes and geographies through both direct and third-party distribution channels. Our Information products and services are used for independent valuations, investor analyses, research, trading, and liquidity and risk assessments. These products and services help our customers price instruments, comply with relevant regulatory reporting and risk management requirements, and analyze financial markets. Some of our key Information offerings include the following:

Pricing and Reference Data Services provide independent pricing across major geographies and key asset classes as well as instrument, entity, and reference data products. We price instruments spanning major asset classes, including fixed income, equities, credit, and foreign exchange (“FX”). Customers use our pricing data primarily for independent valuations, risk analytics, and pre-trade analytics, and they use our reference data products in a broad range of valuation, trading, and risk applications in both cash and derivative markets.
The Indices product portfolio includesowned and administered indices covering all asset classes. Key proprietary index families include the PMI series, iBoxx, iTraxx, and CDX. In addition, we provide a range of index-related services for custom indices. Our indices are used for benchmarking, risk management,

valuation, and trading. They also form the basis of a wide range of financial products, including exchange-traded funds, index funds, structured products, and derivatives.
Valuation Services provide a broad range of valuations to both derivative and cash market participants, focused on instrument and portfolio valuations. Our portfolio valuation service provides independent valuations for a wide range of derivatives and cash products across all asset classes to a range of financial institutions, including many buy-side firms. Our private equity services provide independent valuation and performance reporting solutions for investors in unlisted equity, private placements, and hard-to-value debt.
Research, Sales and Trading Services offer investment bank and financial institution customers a range of platforms and tools to perform trading performance and analysis, research aggregation and distribution, investment process and sales workflows, and relationship management.
Corporate product offerings deliver capital market intelligence, real-time investor analysis and targeting, event management systems, and desktop workflow solutions to senior management and investor relations professionals within the corporate suite.

Solutions. Our Solutions offerings provide configurable enterprise software platforms, managed services, and hosted solutions.

Enterprise Software Platforms include both standardized and custom solutions to automate our customers’ in-house processing and connectivity for trading and post-trading processing, as well as enterprise data and risk management solutions to enable customers to more effectively manage their data and calculate risk measures. These solutions are also generally offered by us in hosted solution alternatives. Managed services and hosted solutions offerings are targeted at a broad range of financial services industry participants and help our customers capture, organize, process, display, and analyze information; manage risk; reduce fixed costs; and meet regulatory requirements. Some of our primary solutions offerings include the following:

Wall Street Office and WSO Services provide a loan portfolio management platform and related services to participants in the syndicated bank loan market across the complete trading lifecycle.
Global Markets Group product offerings deliver bookbuilding platforms, investor prospecting solutions, and road show systems to capital markets and financial services firms across multiple asset classes, including municipal bonds, equities, fixed income, and loans.
Regulatory Compliance products and services include KYC remediation tools and services, our KY3P vendor management and risk platform, advanced risk and analytics systems, and platforms and services to support counterparty transparency, tax regulations, and regulatory support for Dodd-Frank Act, EMIR, FRTB, SFTR, and other global regulations designed to increase oversight of financial markets.
Private Markets product offerings, including iLevel, provide portfolio data management services, analytics, reporting and valuation solutions, and platform services to private and alternatives market participants.
Enterprise Data Management (“EDM”) software and services provide customers a central hub to manage the acquisition, validation, storage, and distribution of data sets from multiple sources.
Digital designs, builds, and hosts custom web solutions for customers in both the retail and institutional financial services markets.
Corporate actions solutions, including a managed data service and Information Mosaic, provide a centralized source of validated corporate action data for equities, fixed income, and structured securities across the globe, as well as robust processing solutions for financial institutions.
Thinkfolio is an enterprise order management and portfolio modeling system.

Processing. Our Processing offerings provide trade processing products and services globally for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, FX, and syndicated loans. Our trade processing services enable buy-side and sell-side firms to process transactions rapidly, which increases efficiency by optimizing post-trade workflow, reducing risk, complying with reporting regulations, and improving connectivity. We believe we are among the largest providers of end-to-end multiple asset OTC derivatives trade processing services, as well as the largest providers of syndicated loan processing services.

Transportation

Our Transportation segment includes our Automotive offerings, which represented approximately 85 percent of the segment’s revenue for 2019, our Maritime & Trade offerings, and our recently divested Aerospace & Defense offerings.


Automotive. We serve the full automotive value chain with a focus on original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), parts suppliers, and dealers.

Within the new car market, we provide authoritative analysis and forecasts of sales and production for light vehicles, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, powertrain, components, and technology systems across all major markets. Our comprehensive forecast database covers 99 percent of global light vehicle sales and production. We forecast sales and production of more than 50,000 unique vehicle model variants, as well as more than 100 different vehicle systems, sub-systems, and components.

We also provide a wide range of performance measurement and marketing tools for carmakers, dealers, and agencies. We continue to leverage analytics and innovation to develop product and service offerings aimed at addressing needs across the value chain, including strategy and planning, marketing, sales, dealer services, and after sales. In the U.S., our sales and marketing offerings draw on a database of more than 7 billion ownership policyrecords, covering 760 million vehicles and more than 240 million U.S. households over a period of 25 years. We also offer a range of vehicle recall solutions to carmakers, including identifying households to be contacted, providing accurate measurement of recall program completion, and in some cases, providing a full turnkey solution that manages the entire fulfillment process for their safety recall campaigns.

Our automotiveMastermind (“aM”) offering provides predictive analytics and marketing automation software for the new car dealer market, enabling dealers to improve their customer retention and extend their customer portfolio through “conquest” campaigns.

Within the used car market, we support dealers, insurers, and consumers through our CARFAX products. These offerings provide critical information for used car dealers and their customers in the used car buying process. For example, CARFAX vehicle history reports provide maintenance, accident, odometer, and commercial use information on cars in the United States. This history, based on more than 23 billion records collected from more than 112,000 data sources, provides confidence to dealers and consumers in the car buying process. We have expanded our product line under CARFAX to include a used car listing service for dealers and vehicle-specific valuation offerings.

Maritime & Trade (“M&T”). We have been gathering data on ships since 1764 when the first Lloyd’s Register of Ships was published. We provide, on behalf of the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”), the unique global ID (the IMO number) for all ocean-going ships over 100 gross tons. Our M&T content and analytics provide comprehensive data on more than 200,000 ships over 100 gross tons, as well as monthly import and export statistics on more than 100 countries and tracking and forecasting approximately 95 percent of international trade by value.

Aerospace & Defense (“A&D”). On December 2, 2019, we completed the sale of our A&D product portfolio to a private equity firm for approximately $470 million.

Resources

Our Resources segment includes our Upstream offerings, which represent approximately 60 percent of Resources revenue, and our Downstream offerings, which make up approximately 40 percent of Resources revenue.

Upstream. Our Upstream offerings include technical information, analytical tools, and market forecasting and consulting for the upstream industry. We provide critical information and expertise around country exploration and production risk; plays and basins technical information; costs and technologies; and energy company information for approximately 20,000 assets worldwide, including more than 6.5 million oil and gas wells, 5,000 basins, more than 3,400 land rigs and 6,200 marine vessels, and a database of 47,000 merger and acquisition transactions. Strategic planners, geoscientists, and engineers use our insight and leading geotechnical database and analytical tools to facilitate exploration, development, and production of energy assets. Some of our key offerings include the following:

Our Global Well, Production, Land, and Subsurface Content provides a comprehensive inventory of current and historical energy data. This content forms the basis for all of our upstream technical research, intelligence, analysis, and software portfolio.
The Kingdom/Harmony Suite provides leading-edge analysis of subsurface properties, including seismic interpretation and production estimation, for the geoscience and engineering markets globally.
Vantage is a global asset evaluation system that contains more than 23,000 oil and gas assets across the globe, performing forward-looking analysis of an asset’s expected return and permitting large-scale asset comparisons from distinct individual regions.

Companies and Transactions performs database-driven analysis of roughly 47,000 merger and acquisition transactions, as well as financial analysis of all major oil and gas companies globally.
Market analyses and forecasts provide insight and intelligence on market fundamentals.

Downstream. Our Downstream offerings provide market forecasting, midstream market analysis and supply chain data, refining and marketing economics, and oil product pricing information for the chemical, refined products, agriculture, and power industries. We are also a leading provider of bespoke consulting, offering strategic direction and capital investment advisory services. Some of our key offerings include the following:

Data for manufacturing processes, as well as capital expenditure, cost, price, production, trade, demand, and capacity industry analysis and forecasts for more than 250 chemicals in more than 110 countries.
An extensive library of detailed techno-economic analyses of chemicals and refining process technologies.
Actionable intelligence across the value chain from agricultural inputs to agricultural and processed food commodities.
Pricing information for refined products on spot, rack, and retail gasoline markets.
Global and regional outlooks and forecasts for power, coal, gas, and renewable markets.

In addition, we leverage our market leadership in these industries to convene global industry, government, and regulatory leaders at global and regional events, such as our annual CERAWeek and World Petrochemical conferences.

Consolidated Markets & Solutions (“CMS”)

Our CMS segment includes our Product Design offerings, which represented approximately 66 percent of the segment’s revenue for 2019, our Economics and Country Risk offerings, which represented approximately 21 percent of the segment’s revenue for 2019, and our Technology, Media & Telecom offerings, the majority of which were divested in August 2019.

Product Design. Our Product Design solutions provide technical professionals with the information and insight required to more effectively design products, optimize engineering projects and outcomes, solve technical problems, and address complex supply chain challenges. Our offerings utilize advanced knowledge discovery technologies, research tools, and software-based engineering decision engines to advance innovation, maximize productivity, improve quality, and reduce risk. Our Product Design offerings include the following:

Engineering Workbench provides a single interface to surface answers from a curated universe of technical knowledge comprising more than 135 million records. This includes standards, codes, and specifications; applied technical reference; engineering journals, reports, best practices, and other vetted technical reference; and patents and patent applications.
BOM Intelligence, including data on more than 500 million electronic components or parts, enables our customers to integrate their bills of materials with obsolescence management, product change notifications (PCNs), end-of-life (EOL) alerts, and research and analysis.
Goldfire’s cognitive search and other advanced knowledge discovery capabilities help pinpoint answers buried in enterprise systems and unstructured data, enabling engineers and technical professionals to accelerate problem solving and make better decisions more quickly.

Economics and Country Risk (“ECR”). Our ECR team consists of approximately 450 economists, country risk analysts, data management specialists, and consultants monitoring, analyzing, and forecasting developments and risks in 211 countries and regions and 105 industries. We provide a vast range of economic and risk data and analytics, forecasts, and scenario tools to assist customers in their strategic market planning, procurement, and risk management decisions. We assess risks across more than 20 risk perils, help companies with their capital deployment and location decisions, and analyze economic and social impacts of their investments around the world. Specialized teams also monitor and forecast developments in consumer, construction, and life sciences markets.

Technology, Media & Telecom (“TMT”). In August 2019, we sold the majority of our TMT market intelligence assets portfolio to Informa plc for approximately $150 million. We retained our TMT benchmarking product portfolio, which provides performance and cost benchmarking analysis to the TMT industry.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales teams are located throughout the world and are organized within their respective business lines to align with our

customers. In addition to field experience, we also conduct regular customer surveys to understand both current customer satisfaction levels and potential opportunities for product and coverage improvement.

Our financial services and corporate account management teams are part of our overall sales organization and are responsible for the delivery of the full breadth of our products and services to new and existing customers. The account management teams are also responsible for our overall relationship with our larger customers, focusing on developing new business, increasing our sales pipeline, and developing strategic transactions.

Our marketing organization is aligned with our sales organization and defines our marketing strategy and executes marketing programs. A primary focus for marketing strategy is to build IHS Markit brand awareness, revenue acceleration, and market leadership across our key industries for all products and services globally. Functionally, this includes corporate marketing, product marketing, and field marketing.

Competition

We believe the principal competitive factors in our business include the following:

Depth, breadth, timeliness, and accuracy of information and data provided
Quality of decision-support tools and services
Quality and relevance of our analysis and insight
Ease of use
Customer support
Value for price
We believe that we compete favorably on each of these factors. Although we face competition in specific industries and with respect to specific offerings, we do not believe that we have a direct competitor across all of the industries we serve due to the depth and breadth of our offerings. Competitors within specific industries or with respect to specific offerings are described below.

Financial Services. Our Information offerings primarily compete with offerings from Bloomberg, FactSet, IntercontinentalExchange, S&P Global, MSCI, Refinitiv, Nasdaq, and FIS. Our Processing products and services primarily compete with Bloomberg, IntercontinentalExchange, Tradeweb, and Refinitiv. Our Solutions offerings primarily compete with firms such as BlackRock, Bloomberg, Refinitiv, SS&C, State Street, Charles River, Dealogic, Allvue, and AcadiaSoft.

Transportation. In the Automotive market, we primarily compete with offerings from Experian, LMC Automotive, Urban Science, and Auto Alert. In Maritime & Trade markets, we primarily compete with offerings from Informa, Verisk, and S&P Global, as well as niche providers such as Trade Data Monitor, Datamyne, and Kpler.

Resources. Our Upstream and Downstream offerings compete primarily with offerings from Verisk, Enverus, Schlumberger, Halliburton, GeoScout, Reed Elsevier, Bloomberg NEF, Argus, RS Energy, DTN, S&P Global, and Nexant.

CMS. Our Product Design offerings primarily compete with offerings from SAI Global, Clarivate Analytics, and the standards developing organizations (“SDOs”), among others. Our ECR offerings compete primarily with offerings from the Economist Group, Oxford Economics, BMI Research, Fitch Solutions, Moody’s Analytics, McGraw-Hill Education, Control Risks, and Verisk.

Government Contracts

We sell our products to various government agencies and entities. No individual contract is significant to our business. Although some of our government contracts are subject to terms that would allow renegotiation of profits or termination at the election of the government, we believe that no renegotiation or termination of any individual contract or subcontract at the election of the government would have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Intellectual Property

We rely heavily on intellectual property, including the intellectual property we own and license. We regard our trademarks, copyrights, licenses, and other intellectual property as valuable assets and use intellectual property laws, as well as

license and confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, channel and strategic partners, and others, to protect our rights. In addition, we exercise reasonable measures to protect our intellectual property rights and enforce these rights when we become aware of any potential or actual violation or misuse.

We use intellectual property licensed from third parties, including SDOs, government agencies, public sources, market data providers, financial institutions, and manufacturers, as a component of our offerings and, in many cases, it cannot be independently replaced or recreated by us or others. We have longstanding relationships with most of the third parties from whom we license information. Almost all of the licenses that we rely upon are nonexclusive and expire within one to two years, unless renewed, although we have longer licenses with some of those third parties, particularly in the Financial Services segment.

We maintain registered trademarks and service marks in jurisdictions around the world. In addition, we have obtained patents and applied for patents in the United States. For more information relating to our intellectual property rights, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors - We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights and confidential information.”

Employees

As of November 30, 2019, we had more than 15,500 employees located in 38 countries around the world.

Seasonality

Our business has seasonal aspects. Our first quarter generally has our lowest quarterly levels of revenue and profit. We also experience event-driven seasonality in our business; for instance, we typically hold our annual CERAWeek, World Petrochemical, and TPM conferences in the second quarter of each year. Another example is the biennial release of the Boiler Pressure Vessel Code (“BPVC”) engineering standard, which generates revenue for us predominantly in the third quarter of every other year. The most recent BPVC release was in the third quarter of 2019.

Financial Information About Segments

See “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 17” in Part II of this Form 10-K for information with respect to each segment’s revenues, profits, and total assets and for information with respect to our revenues and long-lived assets for the U.S., U.K., and the rest of the world in aggregate. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors - Our international operations are subject to risks relating to worldwide operations.”

Available Information

IHS Markit files annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC (including IHS Markit). The SEC’s website is www.sec.gov.

We maintain an internet website for investors at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com. On this website, we make available, free of charge, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, Forms 3, 4, and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers, and all amendments to any of those reports or filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the SEC. Unless specifically incorporated by reference, information on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Also available on the website for investors at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com are our Amended and Restated Bye-laws, Corporate Governance Guidelines, that requires

directors to hold common shares with an aggregate value (measured at the market price at the time of purchase or grant multiplied by the number of common shares) of at least five times the Board’s annual cash retainer. Vested stock options which are not exercised are not considered for the purposes of director equity ownership. Directors have five years to achieve the holding requirement. As of the December 31, 2016, all of our current directors held shares in excess of their holding requirement except for Mr. Rosenthal, who has until June 2019 to meet his holding requirement.

We also have a hedging and pledging policy for executive officers and directors in our policy on trading securities that (a) prohibits them from engaging in any hedging transactions that are designed to hedge or speculate on any change in the market value of IHS Markit equity securities, and (b) requires pre-clearance before allowing them to hold IHS Markit securities in margin accounts or pledge IHS Markit securities as collateral.

Director Compensation

Our nonemployee directors receive compensation for their service on our Board. The compensation is composed of cash retainers and equity awards. In addition, each of our directors is reimbursed for reasonable expenses. The following table sets forth information concerning the nonemployee director compensation program in effect at the 2016 fiscal year-end.

Director Compensation($)

Board Retainer

90,000

Lead Director Retainer

50,000

Committee Chair Retainer

—Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

17,500

—All other committees

30,000

Committee Member Retainer

—Audit Committee

15,000

—All other committees

10,000

Annual Equity Award(1)

180,000

(1)The shares underlying the annual equity award value are determined by dividing the value on the grant date by the closing price of our shares on the grant date. Directors may choose to defer receipt of the shares underlying the restricted share units until after their termination of service.

Nonemployee director compensation is reviewed annually by theAudit Committee Charter, Risk Committee Charter, Human Resources Committee Charter, Nominating and Governance Committee with the assistanceCharter, Business Code of Pay Governance LLC (“Pay Governance”), the committee’s compensation consultant. The above director compensation was establishedConduct, and Compliance Hotline and Reporting Misconduct Policy. Our corporate governance documents are available in print, free of charge to any shareholder who requests them, by the committee in August 2016, after completion of the Merger. All equity awards for nonemployee directors will be determined by the Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy and issued pursuant to the 2014contacting IHS Markit Ltd. Equity Incentive Award Plan. Directors may elect to defer their cash retainers to deferred share units.

Investor Relations and Corporate Communications at 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112 or by calling +1 303 790 0600.


Information About Our bye-laws provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors in respect of their actions and omissions, except in respect of their fraud or dishonesty, and that we shall advance funds to our officers and directors for expenses incurred in their defense on condition to repay the funds if any allegation of fraud or dishonesty is proved. Our bye-laws provide that the shareholders waive all claims or rights of action that they might have, individually or in right of the Company, against any of the company’s directors or officers for any act or failure to act in the performance of such director’s or officer’s duties, except in respect of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer.

In addition, we have entered into agreements with our officers and directors to indemnify them against expenses and liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by law. These agreements also provide, subject

to certain exceptions, for indemnification for related expenses including, among others, attorneys’ fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding.

We have also purchased and maintain a directors’ and officers’ liability policy for the benefit of any officer or director in respect of any loss or liability attaching to him or her in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, whether or not we may otherwise indemnify such officer or director.

Director Compensation During Fiscal Year 2016

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of each of our nonemployee directors during the fiscal year beginning December 1, 2015 and ending November 30, 2016. Directors did not receive any stock options, non-equity incentive plan compensation, or any other compensation. Directors do not participate in defined benefit and actuarial pension plans or nonqualified defined contribution plans.

Name(1)  Fees
Earned or
Paid
in Cash (2)
   Stock
Awards
($)(3)
   Total ($) 

Dinyar S. Devitre

   116,667     165,161     281,828  

Ruann F. Ernst

   46,500     —       46,500  

William E. Ford(4)

   43,750     74,248     117,998  

Balakrishnan Iyer

   44,563     —       44,563  

Robert P. Kelly

   152,084     189,952     342,036  

Deborah McWhinney

   44,563     —       44,563  

Jean-Paul Montupet

   42,625     —       42,625  

Richard Roedel

   46,500     —       46,500  

Gillian H. Denham(5)

   50,000     132,186     182,186  

Timothy J.A. Frost(5)

   25,000     132,186     157,186  

(1)Edwin D. Cass, Cheng Chi Sung, and Anne Walker served as directors of Markit from the beginning of the fiscal year through the close of the Merger. None of these former directors received compensation from Markit. James A. Rosenthal has served as a director throughout the fiscal year, but voluntarily waived his compensation as he was an executive officer of Morgan Stanley until December 31, 2016. Please see “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Credit Agreement.” These directors are excluded from the table above.

(2)Fees Earned or Paid in Cash are reported on a post-Merger basis (July 12, 2016 through November 30, 2016) for legacy IHS directors (Dr. Ernst, Ms. McWhinney, Messrs. Iyer, Montupet and Roedel). Includes the value of deferred share units granted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017 to Messrs. Ford, Kelly and Roedel in lieu of cash fees earned in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016. The deferred share units will be distributed in IHS Markit common shares after the director’s service terminates.

(3)For share awards granted prior to the close of the Merger on July 12, 2016, the value was calculated in accordance with IFRS 2. For share awards granted after the close of the Merger on July 12, 2016, the value was calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. In both cases, any estimated forfeitures are excluded from the values reported in this table. For a discussion of the assumptions made in valuing these awards and a description of how we factor forfeitures into our overall equity compensation expense, refer to “Note 14 - Stock-Based Compensation” to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2016 fiscal year.

(4)Mr. Ford did not receive compensation for his services as a director of Markit. He began receiving compensation upon the close of the Merger, July 12, 2016.

(5)Ms. Denham and Mr. Frost ceased to be directors upon close of the Merger.

The following table sets forth information concerning the outstanding share awards held by each director on November 30, 2016:

    Outstanding Share Awards at End of Fiscal Year 
Name  Deferred
Share
Units #(1)
   Unvested Restricted
Share Awards and
Units #(2)
   Total Share Awards
Outstanding at
Fiscal Year End #
 

Dinyar S. Devitre

   —       3,746     3,746  

Ruann F. Ernst

   54,953     5,165     60,118  

William E. Ford

   —       2,004     2,004  

Balakrishnan Iyer

   58,827     5,165     63,992  

Robert P. Kelly

   —       4,238     4,238  

Deborah McWhinney

   7,044     5,165     12,209  

Jean-Paul Montupet

   21,957     5,165     27,122  

Richard Roedel(3)

   124,785     5,165     129,950  

(1)Represents (a) deferred share units held by legacy IHS directors that were acquired during his or her service in lieu of receiving cash retainers to IHS Inc. and will be delivered in IHS Markit shares upon termination of service, and (b) vested annual equity awards that have not yet been released because the director deferred receipt until after termination of service. The table excludes deferred share units that were granted after the close of the fiscal year for service in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. The amount deferred for these deferred share units is reported in the compensation table above.

(2)Represents unvested restricted share awards and restricted share units held by the directors at fiscal year end. These unvested awards vested on December 1, 2016 except that Messrs. Devitre and Kelly have 2,856 and 3,570 restricted share awards, respectively, that will vest on May 5, 2017.

(3)Mr. Roedel has gifted all of his equity grants to his spouse.

Executive Officers


Set forth below is information concerning our executive officers as of February 21, 2017.

December 31, 2019.


Name Age Position

Jerre Stead

Lance Uggla
 7457 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Lance Uggla

Brian Crotty
 54President and Chief Integration Officer, Director

Shane Akeroyd

52Executive Vice President-Global Head of Account Management and Regional Head of Asia Pacific

Jane Okun Bomba

54Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer

Jonathan Gear

4657 Executive Vice President, Resources and Transportation

Sari Granat

Jonathan Gear
 4649 Executive Vice President, President of Resources, Transportation and General CounselCMS

Randy Harvey

Sari Granat
 6349 Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Technology OfficerGeneral Counsel

Todd Hyatt

 5659 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Adam Kansler

 47Executive Vice President-Financial Markets

Yaacov Mutnikas

62Executive Vice President-Financial Market Technologies

Jeffrey Sisson

6050 Executive Vice President, and ChiefPresident of StaffFinancial Services

Michele Trogni

Edouard Tavernier
 5146 Executive Vice President-Consolidated Markets and Solutions

Daniel Yergin

70Vice Chairman

Michael Easton

44Senior Vice President, and Chief Accounting OfficerTransportation


Executive officers are appointed by our Board until their resignation or until their appointments are revoked by the Board. Unless otherwise indicated, all executive officers were appointed
In November 2019, Mr. Hyatt announced that he planned to their current positions asretire at the end of the completion of the Merger. As of the completion of the Merger on July 12, 2016, Jeffrey Gooch, Kevin Gould2020 and Stephen Wolff, Markit’s chief financial officer, president and head of corporate development, respectively, were no longer executive officers of IHS Markit.

Heather Matzke-Hamlin servedwould step down as our SeniorChief Financial Officer in early 2020. We announced that we would appoint Jonathan Gear, currently Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from July 12, 2016 until February 15, 2017, when she stepped down from that positionPresident of Resources, Transportation and CMS, to serve as an advisor tobe our Chief Financial Officer.

Information aboutOfficer once Mr. SteadHyatt leaves the role.


As of December 1, 2019, Mr. Crotty and Mr. Uggla is provided under “Business ExperienceTavernier were promoted to the positions of Executive Vice President, Resources and Qualification of Board Members”. Executive Vice President, Transportation, respectively, and became executive officers.

A brief biography for each of our othercurrent executive officers follows.

Lance Uggla

Mr. Uggla is Chairman and key membersCEO of our executive team follows.

Shane Akeroyd

Shane Akeroyd is executive vice president, global head of account management and regional head of Asia Pacific for IHS Markit. He served as President from July 2016 to December 2017 and was appointed Chief Operating Officer in October 2017. Prior to the Merger, Mr. AkeroydUggla was Chairman and CEO of Markit since January 2003, responsible for leading the Company’s strategic development and managing day-to-day operations. He founded Markit in 2003 after spotting an opportunity to bring transparency to the credit default swap market. The Company launched the first daily credit default swap pricing service that year. He oversaw Markit’s growth from a startup to a global public company with more than 4,200 employees in 28 offices worldwide, serving more than 3,000 customers. Between 1995 and 2003, Mr. Uggla held a number of executive management positions at Toronto-Dominion Securities, including Vice Chairman and Head of Europe and Asia. Mr. Uggla graduated from the Simon Fraser University in Canada with a BBA and holds a Master of Science from the London School of Economics, U.K.


Brian Crotty

Brian Crotty is Executive Vice President, Resources of IHS Markit, responsible for business lines supporting the upstream and downstream industries. Mr. Crotty joined IHS Markit as headin 2016 through the acquisition of sales in 2008 from RBC Capital MarketsOPIS, where he was headthe Chief Executive Officer since 2002. Mr. Crotty has more than 25 years of global debt markets distributionexperience running database and SaaS platform businesses, with a member of the executive management team. Prior to RBC,particular specialty in commodity pricing and supply database models. Before joining OPIS in 2002, Mr. Akeroyd was vice chair, capital market sales at TD Securities, responsible for Europe, Asia and Australia. He holdsCrotty spent eight years as a B.S. (Hons) in economics from University College London.

Jane Okun Bomba

Jane Okun Bomba is executive vice president and chief administrative officer of IHS Markit, supporting the human resources, communications, marketing, investor relations and sustainability teams. Ms. Okun Bomba joined IHS 12 years ago and helped complete its successful IPO, led the architecture ofHart Publications. Mr. Crotty has a global ERP and launched the corporate sustainability program. Previously, she servedmaster’s degree in corporate finance and investor relations leadership positions at Genesis, Velocom, MediaOne Group and Northwest Airlines. Ms. Okun Bomba holds a B.G.S.journalism from American University and an MBAundergraduate degree from the University of Michigan.

Johns Hopkins University.


Jonathan Gear


Jonathan Gear is executive vice presidentExecutive Vice President and President of resourcesResources, Transportation and transportation forCMS of IHS Markit, including business lines supporting the automotive, energy, chemicals,technology, engineering, digital, upstream, downstream, maritime, and aerospace industries. Mr. Gear was previously executive vice presidentExecutive Vice President of resourcesResources and transportationTransportation for IHS. Earlier, he served in multiple senior vice president positions and as president/COO ofleadership roles across IHS. Prior to joining IHS CERA.in 2005, Mr. Gear previously held leadership positions at Activant Solutions, smarterwork.com, and Booz Allen Hamilton. He holds a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business.



Sari Granat


Sari Granat is executive vice presidentExecutive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and general counsel atGeneral Counsel of IHS Markit, responsible for the company’s legal, compliance, regulatory and government affairs, enterprise risk, information security, and information securitytechnology functions. Ms. Granat previously served as head of legal and General Counsel at Markit. Prior to joining Markit in 2012, Ms. Granat was lead counsel and chief administrative officer of TheMarkets.com LLC. She has served in senior legal and strategy positions at media and technology companies including Dow Jones & Company and Kaplan, Inc. SariMs. Granat holds a B.A. in English from Yale University and a J.D. from New York University School of Law.

Randy Harvey

Randy Harvey


Todd Hyatt

Todd Hyatt is executive vice presidentExecutive Vice President and chief technology officerChief Financial Officer of IHS Markit. As senior vice president and CTO ofMr. Hyatt joined IHS Mr. Harvey led information technology operations, infrastructure and product development teams that delivered world-class products and customer support throughout the solution lifecycle. Mr. Harvey previously held senior management positions at Seismic Micro Technology, Reynolds & Reynolds, and Sterling Commerce. He has a B.A. from the University of Maryland.

Todd Hyatt

Todd Hyatt isInc. in 2005 where he most recently served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of IHS Markit. Mr. Hyatt served in those same roles at IHS after previously serving as chief information officer, senior vice president of FP&A,financial planning & analysis, and leading the finance organization for the company’scompany's engineering segment. HePrior to joining IHS, Mr. Hyatt also worked for LoneTree Capital, US WEST/MediaOne, AT&T, Arthur Young, and Arthur Andersen. He holds a B.S. in accounting from the University of Wyoming and an M.S. in management from Purdue University.

Adam Kansler


Adam Kansler is executive vice presidentExecutive Vice President and President of the financial markets business atFinancial Services of IHS Markit, responsible for our Financial Services segment, which includes pricing and reference data, trade processing, valuations, indices, and economic and country risk products. From April 2015 to July 2016, Mr. Kansler previously served as global co-head of Markit’s information division and head of North American operations. Earlier,Prior to that, Mr. Kansler was Markit’s chief administrative officer and

general counsel, leading human resources, legal, corporate communications, risk, regulatory and strategic alliances. Before joining Markit in 2009, Mr. Kansler spent 17 years with Proskauer LLP, asbecoming a corporate partner. HeMr. Kansler holds a B.A. in economics from Hobart College and received his J.D. from Columbia University School of Law.

Yaacov Mutnikas

Yaacov Mutnikas


Edouard Tavernier

Edouard Tavernier is executiveExecutive Vice President, Transportation of IHS Markit, responsible for business lines supporting the automotive and maritime industries. Mr. Tavernier was previously senior vice president of financial market technologies, with responsibility for software products including Enterprise Data Management, Markit Analytics, ThinkFolio, Information Mosaic, WSOtransportation and Global Equities. He has over thirty years of experience from previous roles as senior advisor to the Bank of England, head of risk architecture at the FSA, head of business architecture at Bridgewater and CTO at Algorithmics. Mr. Mutnikas holds an M.Sc. in philosophy of science from Kings College London and an M.Sc. in finance and investment banking from Reading University.

Jeffrey Sisson

Jeffrey Sisson is executive vice president and chief of staff for IHS Markit. From 2005 to 2016, Mr. Sisson served as senior vice president and chief human resources officer for IHS. Prior to IHS, he was senior vice president, human resources, EaglePicher, Inc.; senior director, human resources, Snap-on Inc.; and director, human resources, Whirlpool Corporation. Jeff earned a B.A. and an M.A. from Michigan State University.

Michele Trogni

Michele Trogni is executive vice president of consolidated markets and solutionsautomotive for IHS Markit. She was previously co-head of Markit’s Solutions DivisionInc. He joined the company in 2008 and was responsible for Markit’s managed services businesses, which included KYC, KY3P, Markit digitalserved in multiple product management, marketing, and Markit tax solutions. Prior to joining Markit in 2013, Ms. Trogni had over 25 years of experience in banking, most recently acting as group chief information officer for UBS and, prior to that, as head of UBS investment bank operations. She holds a B.A. (Hons) in accounting from Northumbria University and is a qualified accountant (ACCA).

Daniel Yergin

Daniel Yergin is vice chairman of IHS Markit. The Pulitzer-Prize winning author of The Prize and The Quest, Dr. Yergin was vice chairman of IHS and founded IHS CERA. He is an authority on energy, international politics and economics. His awards include Lifetime Achievement from the Prime Minister of India and the United States Energy Award for “lifelong achievements in energy and the promotion of international understanding.” He holds a B.A. from Yale University and a Ph.D. from Cambridge University, where he was a Marshall Scholar.

Michael Easton

Michael Easton is Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer for IHS Markit. Previously, Mr. Easton was Senior Vice President-Financial Planning and Analysis of IHS Markit since July 2016 and of IHS Inc. from October 2012 to July 2016. Prior tocommercial leadership roles. Before joining IHS Inc., Mr. Easton wasTavernier held management positions at LexisNexis, Global Insight, and United Business Media. He also worked at Goldman Sachs and BNP Paribas. Mr. Tavernier has a Senior Manager at Ernst & Young LLP and spent over 14 yearsMaster’s Degree in audit services. Mr. Easton holds a master’s degreeBusiness Studies from Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) in accounting from Brigham Young University and is a Certified Public Accountant in the state of Colorado.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

The executive officers and directors of IHS Markit are voluntarily complying with the rules of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act that require ownership reports to be filed on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with

the SEC. Based solely on our review of the copies of such forms we have received and written representations from our executive officers and directors that they filed all applicable reports, we believe that, since the Merger, all filings normally required by executive officers and directors under Section 16(a) have been voluntarily filed on a timely basis.

France.


Item 11. Executive Compensation

Report of the Human Resources Committee

The Human Resources Committee of the Board has reviewed and discussed with Company management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”). Based on such review and discussion the Human Resources Committee has recommended1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the Board of Directors that the CD&A be includedother information provided in the Company’sthis Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should carefully consider the risks described in this section. The risks described below are not the only risks that could adversely affect our business; other risks currently deemed immaterial or additional risks not currently known to us could also adversely affect us. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. You should read the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a description of the types of statements that are considered forward-looking statements, as well as the significance of such statements in the context of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We operate in competitive markets, which may adversely affect our financial results.
While we do not believe that we have a direct competitor across all of the industries we serve, we face competition across all markets for our products and services, including from larger and smaller competitors that may be able to adopt new or emerging technologies to address customer requirements more quickly than we can, from incumbent companies with strong market share in specific markets, or from organizations that have not traditionally competed with us but could adapt their products and services or use their significant resources or expertise to begin competing. We believe that competitors are continuously investing, developing, and enhancing their products, services, and technology, and acquiring new businesses to better serve existing customers and attract new customers. In addition, the internet, widespread availability of sophisticated search engines, and public sources of free or relatively inexpensive information and solutions have simplified the process of locating, gathering, and disseminating data, potentially diminishing the perceived value of our offerings. While we believe our offerings are distinguished by such factors as complex compilation, standardization and analytical processes, currency,

accuracy and completeness, and our other added value, our customers could choose to obtain the information and solutions they need from public, regulatory, governmental, or other sources. An increase in our capital investments, price reductions for our offerings, reduced spending, or increased self-sufficiency by our customers due to competition could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may be unsuccessful in achieving our guidance, growth and profitability objectives.
We provide public, full-year financial guidance based upon assumptions regarding our expected financial performance, including our ability to grow revenue, our planned expenses and tax rates, and our ability to achieve our profitability targets. We seek to achieve our growth objectives by: organically developing our offerings to meet the needs of our customers; cross selling our products and services to existing customers; acquiring new customers; entering into strategic partnerships and acquisitions; and implementing operational efficiency initiatives. Most of our revenue is recurring, typically based on subscriptions to our offerings, and our operating results depend on our ability to achieve and sustain high renewal rates on our existing subscription base and to enter into new subscriptions at commercially acceptable terms. In addition, a proportion of our revenue in our Financial Services segment is variable and depends upon transaction volumes, investment levels (i.e., assets under management), or the number of positions we value. We devote significant resources to establish relationships with our customers, and our strategies depend on our ability to persuade customers to maintain and grow their relationship with us over time. Many of our products and services, particularly in our resources and financial end-markets, are also dependent upon the robustness of the core end-markets in which we operate, as well as the financial health of the participants in those markets and the proxy statementgeneral economy. Customers are focused on controlling or reducing their operating costs, and may use strategies that result in a reduction in their spending on our products and services, such as by consolidating their spending with fewer or lower cost vendors, by deferring capital spending, or by internally developing functionality. In addition, mergers or consolidations among our customers could reduce the number of our customers and potential customers, which could cause them to discontinue or reduce their use of our products and services. All such developments could lower demand or reduce the prices for our products and services or require us to offer additional products or services to compete. If we are unable to successfully execute on our strategies to achieve our growth objectives, retain existing customers, or if we experience higher than expected operating costs or taxes, our growth rates, profitability and operating results could be materially adversely affected and we may fail to meet the full-year financial guidance that we provide, or find it necessary to revise such guidance during the year.
If we are unable to identify opportunities, develop successful new products and services, or adapt to rapidly changing technology, our business could suffer serious harm.
The information services industry is characterized by significant and rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, and changing regulatory requirements, and our growth and success depend on our ability to meet our changing customer needs. The process of developing and enhancing our products and services is complex and may become increasingly complex and expensive in the future due to the introduction of new platforms, operating systems, technologies, and customer expectations. Current areas of significant technological change include artificial intelligence, mobility, cloud-based computing, blockchain, speed of availability of data, and the storing, processing, and analysis of large amounts of data. We may find it difficult or costly to enhance our current products and services and to develop new products and services quickly enough to keep the pace with evolving technologies, industry standards or regulations, or to meet our customers’ needs, in which case we may not grow our business as quickly as we anticipate.
Fraudulent or unpermitted access to our data, services, or systems, or other cyber-security or privacy breaches may negatively impact our business and harm our reputation.
Many of our products and services and systems involve the collection, storage, use, and transmission of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including data from our employees, customers and suppliers, intellectual property, proprietary business information, personally identifiable information, and information that may be confidential, sensitive, or material and nonpublic. Similar to other global companies that provide services online, we experience cyber-threats, cyber-attacks, and security breaches of varying degrees of severity on our products and our information technology systems and applications, which can include unauthorized attempts to access, disable, improperly modify or degrade our information, systems, and networks, the introduction of computer viruses and other malicious codes, and fraudulent “phishing” e-mails that seek to misappropriate data and information or install malware onto users’ computers and our systems generally. Cyber-threats vary in technique and sources, are persistent, and increasingly are more sophisticated, targeted, and difficult to detect and prevent.
We rely on a system of physical and technological security measures, internal processes and controls, contractual precautions and business continuity plans, and policies, procedures, and training to protect the confidentiality of such data. We have dedicated resources at our company that are responsible for maintaining, and training our business teams on, appropriate levels of cyber-security, and we utilize third-party technology products and services to help identify, protect, and remediate our

information technology systems and infrastructure against security breaches and cyber-incidents. Our information systems must also be constantly updated, patched, and upgraded to protect against known vulnerabilities and optimize performance. We may be required to incur significant costs to minimize or alleviate the effects of cyber-attacks or other security vulnerabilities and to protect against damage caused by future disruptions, security breaches, or cyber-attacks. However, our responsive and precautionary measures may not be adequate or effective to prevent, identify, or mitigate attacks by hackers, foreign governments, or other actors or breaches, disruptions, slowdowns or misconduct caused by employee error, malfeasance, or other third parties. In addition, if a customer experiences a data security breach that results in the misappropriation of our proprietary business information, our reputation could be harmed, even if we were not responsible for the Company’s 2017 annual general meetingbreach.
Any fraudulent, malicious, or accidental breach of shareholders.

Respectfully submitteddata security controls can impact our ability to provide our products and services to customers, prevent authorized access to our systems by customers, suppliers, and employees or result in unintentional disclosure of, or unauthorized access to, or misappropriation or misuse of, customer, vendor, employee, or other confidential or sensitive data or information, which could potentially result in additional costs to our company to enhance security or to respond to occurrences, lost sales, loss of confidence in our processes and reliability, damages to our brand and reputation, violations of regulations or laws relating to the privacy of personal or payment card information, sanctions, fines, penalties, or litigation. Similarly, if any confidential or embargoed data is inadvertently disclosed or deliberately misused prior to our authorization, customers and financial markets could be negatively affected, and any resulting need to change our procedures for handling and sharing this data may diminish the value of such offerings. In addition, media or other reports of perceived security vulnerabilities to our systems or those of our third-party suppliers, even if no breach has been attempted or occurred, could also adversely impact our reputation. We are also dependent on February 21, 2017security measures that some of our customers and suppliers are taking to protect their own systems and infrastructures. For example, our outsourcing of certain functions requires us to sometimes grant network access to third-party suppliers. If our suppliers do not maintain adequate security measures, do not require their sub-contractors to maintain adequate security measures, do not perform as anticipated and in accordance with contractual requirements, or become targets of cyber-attacks, we may experience the same impacts as described above. If any of these were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. While we maintain what we believe is sufficient insurance coverage that may (subject to certain policy terms and conditions, including deductibles) cover certain aspects of third-party security and cyber-risks and business interruption, our insurance coverage may not always cover all costs or losses.

We could experience system failures or capacity constraints that could negatively impact our business.
Our ability to provide reliable service largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex systems, relying on people, processes, and technology to function effectively. Most of our products and services are delivered electronically, and our customers rely on our ability to process and deliver substantial quantities of information and other services on computer-based networks. Some elements of these systems have been outsourced to third-party providers, including critical data inputs received from third-party suppliers and data systems stored on cloud-based computing infrastructure. Some of our systems have been consolidated for the purpose of enhancing scalability and efficiency, which increases our dependency on a smaller number of systems. Any failure of, or significant interruption, delay, or disruption to, our systems could result in: disruption to our operations; significant expense to repair, replace, or remediate systems, equipment or facilities; a loss of customers; legal or regulatory claims, proceedings, or fines; damage to our reputation; and harm to our business.
System interruptions or failures could result from a wide variety of causes, including: human error, natural disasters (such as hurricanes and floods), infrastructure or network failures (including failures at third-party data centers, by third-party cloud-computing providers, or of aging technology assets), disruptions to the membersinternet, malicious attacks or cyber incidents such as unauthorized access, ransomware, loss or destruction of data (including confidential and/or personal customer information), account takeovers, computer viruses or other malicious code, and the loss or failure of systems over which we have no control. In addition, significant growth of our customer base or increases in the number of products or services or in the speed at which we are required to provide products and services may also strain our systems in the future. We may also face significant increases in our use of power and data storage and may experience a shortage of capacity and increased costs associated with such usage. We may also face additional strain on our systems and networks due to aging or end-of-life technology that we have not yet updated or replaced. While we generally have disaster recovery and business continuity plans that utilize industry standards and best practices for much of our business, including back-up facilities for our primary data centers, a testing program, and staff training, our systems are not always fully redundant and such plans may not always be sufficient or effective. In the past when we have experienced system interruptions or failures, some of our products or services have been unavailable for a limited period of time, but none of these occurrences have been material to our business. However, any of the Human Resources Committeeabove factors could individually or in the aggregate adversely affect our business and results of operations, and our insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all failures, interruptions, delays, or disruptions.

Our transition to cloud-based technologies could expose us to operational disruptions.
We are transitioning our technology to cloud-based infrastructure, which is complex, time consuming, and can involve substantial expenditures. Our utilization of cloud services is critical to developing and providing products and services to our customers, scaling our business for future growth, accurately maintaining data and otherwise operating our business; any such implementation involves risks inherent in the conversion to a new system, including loss of information and potential disruption to our normal operations. We may discover deficiencies in our design or implementation or maintenance of the Board:

Dr. Ruann F. Ernst, Chair

Mr. Robert P. Kelly

Mr. Jean-Paul Montupet

Mr. James A. Rosenthal

Former Membersnew cloud-based systems that could adversely affect our business. Upon implementation of the Human Resourcesnew cloud-based solutions, failure of cloud infrastructure providers to maintain adequate physical, technical and Compensation Committeeadministrative safeguards to protect the security of our confidential information and data could result in unauthorized access to our systems or a system or network disruption that could lead to improper disclosure of confidential information or data, regulatory penalties and remedial costs. There may also be a discrepancy between the contractual liability profile that the cloud service provider has agreed to and our contractual liability profile with our customers. Any disruption to either the outsourced systems or the communication links between us and the outsourced suppliers could negatively affect our ability to operate our data systems, and could impair our ability to provide services to our customers. As we increase our reliance on these third-party systems, our exposure to damage from service disruptions may increase. We may incur additional costs to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions.

Design defects, errors, failures, or delays associated with our products or services could negatively impact our business.
Software, products, and services that we develop, license, or distribute, or use to develop or provide our products and services, may contain errors or defects when first released or when major new updates or enhancements are released that cause the software, product or service to operate incorrectly or less effectively. We may also experience delays while developing and introducing new products and services for various reasons, such as difficulties in licensing data inputs or adapting to particular operating environments. Defects, errors, or delays in our products or services that are significant, or are perceived to be significant, could result in rejection or delay in market acceptance, damage to our reputation, loss of revenue, a lower rate of license renewals or upgrades, diversion of development resources, product liability claims or regulatory actions, or increases in service and support costs. We may also need to expend significant capital resources to eliminate or work around defects, errors, failures, or delays. In each of these ways, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.
We depend on externally obtained software, content, and services to support our offerings, and the interruption or cessation of important third-party content or services could prove harmful to our business.
We obtain data from a wide variety of external sources that we transform into critical information and analytics and use to create integrated product and service offerings for our customers. Many of our offerings include content and information that is purchased or licensed from third parties, including from public record sources or parties that are our customers or our competitors, or obtained using independent contractors. For instance, our industry standards offerings that are part of our Product Design workflow rely on information licensed from standards developing organizations, and many of our financial institution customers provide us with data that is a critical input for many of our Financial Services offerings. We believe that the content licensed from many of these third parties might not be able to be obtained from alternate sources on favorable terms, if at all.
Our license agreements with these third parties are often nonexclusive and many are terminable on less than one year’s notice. In addition, many of these third parties compete with one another and with us, including by providing data to our competitors, consolidating with each other, or becoming competitors themselves, which may cause them to reduce their willingness to supply, or increase the price of, data and content that are important to our products and services. Our competitors could also enter into exclusive contracts with, or acquire, our data sources, which may preclude us from receiving data from such sources or restrict our use of such data. Our business, data sources, or content could become subject to legislative, regulatory, judicial, or contractual restrictions that limit or prohibit the way we collect, process, or use content or data sources in our products and services. Contracts with third-party content providers are increasingly subject to information and physical security and compliance audits. We also collect data for our products and services through independent service providers. We are limited in our ability to monitor and direct the activities of our independent contractors and customers, but if any actions or business practices of these individuals or entities violate our policies or procedures or are otherwise deemed inappropriate or illegal, we could lose access to content, as well as be subject to litigation, regulatory sanctions, or reputational damage. If we lose access to, or are restricted in receiving, a significant number of data sources and cannot replace the data through alternative sources, or we are unable to obtain information licensed to us consistently, in a timely manner, or on terms commercially reasonable to us, specific products, services, and customer solutions may be impacted or disrupted and our business, reputation, financial condition, operating results, and cash flow could be materially adversely affected.

Our relationships with third-party service providers may change, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
We have commercial relationships with third-party service providers whose capabilities complement our own for integral services, software, and technologies. Many of our products and services are developed or are made available to our customers using integral infrastructure, information, and technology solutions provided by third-party service providers. For example, we outsource certain functions involving our data transformation process and data hosting functions to business partners, including cloud-computing providers, who we believe offer us deep expertise in these areas, as well as scalability and cost-effective services. In addition, we sometimes rely on third-party dealers to sell or distribute some of our offerings, such as in locations where we do not maintain a sales office or sales teams or for methods of distribution to which we do not have direct access. In some cases, these providers are also our competitors or may in the future become our competitors, which could impact our relationships. The priorities and objectives of these providers may differ from ours, which may make us vulnerable to changes in, or terminations of, our third-party relationships and could reduce our access over time to infrastructure, information, and technology. We have little control over these third-party providers, which increases our vulnerability to errors, defects, failures, interruptions, or disruptions or problems with their services or technologies. We also face risks that one or more service providers may perform work that deviates from our standards or that we may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property or protect the security of our confidential information and data. Any errors, failures to perform, interruptions, delays, breaches, or terminations of service experienced in connection with these third-party providers, or if we do not obtain the expected benefits from our relationships with third-party service providers, we may be less competitive, our products and services may be negatively affected, and our results of operations could be adversely impacted.
Failure to comply with customer contracts or requirements could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and cash flows.
Contracts with customers increasingly include performance requirements as customers seek to increase the liability profile taken by third-party providers like us. For example, contracts with customers are increasingly subject to audits, which may include a review of performance on contracts, pricing practices, cost structure, information and physical security, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Contracts with governmental customers are also generally subject to various procurement regulations and other requirements relating to their performance. Many of our customers, particularly in the financial services sector, are also subject to regulations and requirements to adopt risk management processes commensurate with the level of risk and complexity of their third-party relationships, and provide rigorous oversight of relationships that involve certain “critical activities,” some of which may be deemed to be provided by us. Any failure on our part to comply with the specific provisions in customer contracts, policies or processes, or any violation of government contracting regulations or requirements, could result in the imposition of various penalties, which may include termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, and, in the case of government contracts, fines and suspension from future government contracting. Any negative publicity with respect to customer contracts or any related proceedings, regardless of accuracy, may damage our business by harming our ability to compete for new contracts. While no one customer contract is material to our business as a whole, if a significant number of our customer contracts are terminated, or our ability to compete for new contracts is adversely affected, our financial performance could suffer.
The loss of, or the inability to attract and retain, qualified personnel could impair our future success.
Our future success depends to a large extent on the continued service of our highly skilled, educated, and trained employees, including our experts in research and analysis, information technology, and the industries in which we operate, and colleagues in sales, marketing, product development, operations, technology, and management, including our executive officers. We do not carry any “key person” insurance policies that could offset potential loss of service under applicable circumstances. We must maintain our ability to attract, motivate, compensate, and retain highly qualified colleagues in order to support our customers and achieve business results. The markets we serve are highly competitive and competition for skilled employees in our industry is intense for both onshore and offshore locales, and uncertainty around future employment opportunities, facility locations, organizational and reporting structures, acquisitions and divestitures, and other related concerns may impair our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. The loss of the Markit Ltd. Board (serving from December 1, 2015services of qualified personnel and any inability to July 12, 2016):

Mr. William E. Ford

Ms. Gillian H. Denham

The foregoing report ofrecruit effective replacements or to otherwise attract, motivate, train, or retain highly qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We also must manage leadership development and succession planning throughout our business. Any significant leadership change and accompanying senior management transition involves inherent risk, and any failure to ensure a smooth transition could hinder our strategic planning, execution, and future performance. While we strive to mitigate the Human Resources Committee does not constitute “soliciting material”negative impact associated with changes to our senior management team, such changes may cause uncertainty among investors, employees, customers, creditors, and shallothers concerning our future direction and performance. If we fail to effectively manage our leadership changes, including ongoing organizational and strategic changes, our business, financial condition, operating results, and ability to successfully attract, motivate and retain highly qualified colleagues, could be harmed.

We may not be deemed filedable to protect our intellectual property rights and confidential information.
Our success depends in part on our proprietary technology, processes, methodologies, and information. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret, patent, and other intellectual property laws and nondisclosure, license, assignment, and confidentiality arrangements to establish, maintain, and protect our proprietary rights, as well as the intellectual property rights of third parties whose assets we license. However, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights, and the rights of those from whom we license intellectual property, may not be adequate to prevent unauthorized use, misappropriation, or incorporated by reference into any other filing by IHS Markit under the Securities Act of the Exchange Act.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Overview

This has been a historic year with the Mergertheft of our two companies, Markitintellectual property. Intellectual property laws differ in various jurisdictions in which we operate and IHS,are subject to change at any time, which could further restrict our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. In particular, a portion of our revenues is derived from jurisdictions where adequately protecting intellectual property rights may prove more challenging or impossible. We may also not be able to detect unauthorized uses or take timely and effective steps to remedy unauthorized conduct. To prevent or respond to unauthorized uses of our intellectual property, we might be required to engage in costly and time-consuming litigation or other proceedings and we may not ultimately prevail. Courts, in particular, may be reluctant to enforce our proprietary rights against individual employees or contractors. Any failure to establish, maintain, or protect our intellectual property or proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

We may be exposed to litigation related to products we make available to customers and we may face legal liability or damage to our reputation.
Companies in our industry have increasingly pursued patent and other intellectual property protection for their data, technologies, and business methods. As we do not actively monitor third-party intellectual property, if any of our data, technologies, or business methods are covered or become covered by third-party intellectual property protection and used without license or if we misuse data, technologies or business methods outside the terms of our licenses, we may be subject to claims or threats of infringement, misappropriation, or other violation of intellectual property rights, or have the use of our data, technologies, and business methods otherwise challenged. We have also in the past been, and may in the future be, called upon to defend partners, customers, suppliers, or distributors against such third-party claims under indemnification clauses in our agreements. Responding to such claims or threats, regardless of merit, can consume valuable time and resources, result in costly or unfavorable litigation or settlements that could exceed the limits of applicable insurance coverage, delay operations of our business, require redesign of our products and services, or require new royalty and licensing agreements. It could also damage our reputation for any reason, which could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers, employees, and information suppliers. Any such factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to litigation and investigation risks which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are from time to time involved in various litigation matters and claims, including regulatory proceedings, administrative proceedings, lawsuits, governmental investigations, and contract disputes, as they relate to our products, services, and business. We may face potential claims or liability for, among other things, breach of contract, defamation, libel, fraud, antitrust, or negligence, with respect to the use of our offerings by our customers, particularly if the information in our offerings was incorrect for any reason, or if it were misused or used inappropriately. We may also face employment-related litigation and investigations, including claims of age discrimination, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, racial discrimination, immigration violations, or other local, state, and federal labor, environmental, health, and safety violations. In addition, we may receive routine requests for information from governmental agencies in connection with their regulatory or investigatory authority or from private third parties pursuant to subpoena. In the past, certain of our business practices have been investigated by government antitrust or competition agencies, and we have a complex and compelling compensation story to tell. In July 2016, we completed the Merger, resulting in Markit emerging as the surviving company with the name IHS Markit. This transaction created strong valueon multiple occasions been sued by private parties for shareholders, delivering fiscal year 2016 (“FY16”) shareholder return of 23 percent, which is 13 percent higher than thatalleged violations of the S&P 500 Index (discussed furtherantitrust and competition laws of various jurisdictions, and there is a risk based upon the leading position of certain of our business operations or the relationships between our customers in using our products and services that we could, in the Financial Results section below).future, be the target of investigations by government entities or actions by private parties challenging the legality of our business practices. Because of the uncertain nature of litigation, investigations, and insurance coverage decisions, we cannot predict the outcome of these matters, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Litigation and investigations are very costly, and the costs associated with prosecuting and defending litigation and investigation matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Depending on the outcome of future claims or investigations, we may also be required to change the way we offer, and how other parties purchase or interact with, particular products or services, which could result in material disruptions to and costs incurred by our business. In accordancelight of the potential time, expense, and uncertainty involved in litigation and investigations, including fines, penalties, damages, or injunctions or other equitable remedies, we may settle matters even when we believe we have a meritorious defense. We are unable to estimate precisely the ultimate dollar amount of

exposure to loss or the amounts we actually pay in connection with litigation and investigation matters, due to inherent uncertainties and the inherent shortcomings of the estimation process, the uncertainties involved in litigation, and other factors.
Our use of open source software could result in litigation or impose unanticipated restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products and services.
We use open source software in our technology, most often as small components within a larger product or service. Open source code is also contained in some third-party software we rely on. The terms of many open source licenses are ambiguous and have not been interpreted by U.S. or other courts, and these licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products and services, license the software on unfavorable terms, require us to re-engineer our products and services or take other remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could also be subject to suits by parties claiming breach of the terms of licenses, which could be costly for us to defend.
Our brand and reputation are key assets and competitive advantages of our company and our business may be affected by how we are perceived in the Merger Agreement, IHS stockholders received 3.5566marketplace.
The integrity and external perceptions of our brand and reputation are key to our ability to remain a trusted source of products and services and to attract and retain customers. We also enter into redistribution arrangements that allow other firms to represent certain of our products and services as partners or agents. Reputational damage from negative perceptions or publicity, or actual, alleged, or perceived issues regarding any of our products or services, or misrepresentation of our products and services by third parties, could damage our reputation and relationships with customers, prospects, and the public generally. Although we monitor developments, including social media, for areas of potential risk to our brand and reputation, negative perceptions or publicity or misrepresentations by third parties may adversely impact our credibility as a trusted source for critical information, analytics, and insight and may have a negative impact on our brand, reputation, and our business.
Failure to operate our pricing and valuation services, benchmarks, and indices in a manner that maintains their independence and integrity could adversely affect our reputation and our business.
We operate multiple global pricing and valuation services, benchmark products, and indices across a broad range of commodities and asset classes, many of which depend on contributions or inputs from third parties or market participants. To ensure continued use of such products and services, our customers expect us to be able to demonstrate that they are not readily subject to manipulation. We believe our products and services are designed with appropriate methodologies, processes, and procedures to maintain independence and integrity; however, we may not be able to prevent third parties or market participants from working together or colluding to try to manipulate their inputs and thus the resulting outputs of our products and services. We may also become involved in third-party investigations or litigation related to the commodities and asset classes our products and services serve. Any failures, negative publicity, investigations, or lawsuits that implicate the independence and integrity of our pricing and valuation services, benchmarks, and indices could result in a loss of confidence in the administration of these products and services and could harm our reputation and our business.
Some of our products and services typically face long selling cycles to secure new contracts, which require significant resource commitments and result in long lead times before we receive revenue.
For certain new products and services, and especially for complex products and services, we often face long selling cycles to secure new contracts and customers, and there can be a long preparation period before we commence providing products and services. For instance, some of our Financial Services products and services can require active engagement with potential customers and can take 12 months or more to reach deal closure. Some products’ success is also dependent on building a network of users and may not be profitable while such a network is developing. We can incur significant business development expenses during the selling cycle, and we may not succeed in winning a new customer’s business, in which case we receive no revenue and may receive no reimbursement for such expenses. Selling cycle periods could lengthen, causing us to incur even higher business development expenses with no guarantee of winning a new customer’s business. Even if we succeed in developing a relationship with a potential new customer, we may not be successful in obtaining contractual commitments after the selling cycle or in maintaining contractual commitments after the implementation cycle, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Changes in the legislative, regulatory, and commercial environments in which we operate may adversely impact our ability to collect, compile, use, transfer, publish, or sell data, subject us to increased regulation or decreased demand of our products and services, or prevent us from offering certain products or services, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
Certain types of information we collect, compile, store, use, transfer, publish and/or sell, and certain of our products and services, are subject to regulation by law and governmental authorities in various jurisdictions in which we operate. There is an increasing public concern regarding, and resulting regulations of, privacy, data, and consumer protection issues. Certain types of information, including offerings in our Automotive businesses, are subject to laws and regulations by governmental authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate. These laws and regulations pertain primarily to personally identifiable information relating to individuals, and constrain the collection, use, storage, and transfer of that data, as well as other obligations with which we must comply. If we fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant litigation and civil or criminal penalties (including monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines) in one or more jurisdictions and reputational damage resulting in the loss of data, brand equity and business. To conduct our operations, we also move data across national borders and consequently are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and data security in an increasing number of jurisdictions. Many jurisdictions have passed laws in this area, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation(the “GDPR”), the cyber-security law adopted by China in 2017, and the 2020 California Privacy Act, and other jurisdictions are considering imposing additional restrictions. These laws and regulations are increasing in complexity and number, change frequently, and increasingly conflict among the various countries in which we operate, which has resulted in greater compliance risk and cost for us. It is possible that we could be prohibited or constrained from collecting or disseminating certain types of data or from providing certain products or services. If we fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant litigation, civil or criminal penalties, monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in one or more jurisdictions. For example, a failure to comply with the GDPR could result in fines up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of annual global revenues.
Many of our customers rely on our products and services to meet their operational, regulatory, or compliance needs. Our financial industry customers, for example, operate within a highly regulated environment and must comply with governmental and quasi-governmental legislation, regulations, directives, and standards. In addition, our benchmark administration services have recently become regulated by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority and the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets, and we have been developing new products and services that will require regulatory approval and oversight in various jurisdictions. Complex and ever-evolving legislative and regulatory changes around the world that impact our customers’ industries may impact how we provide products and services to our customers and may affect the development, structure and regulation of, and possibly the demand for, products and services we offer or develop, such as indices, benchmark administration, settlement, intermediating and clearing services, and offerings in which we function as a “third-party service provider.” Changes in laws, rules, regulations or standards may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. If we fail to comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations, or standards, or fail to obtain regulatory approval to conduct certain operations or provide certain products or services, we could be limited in the types of products and services we provide or subject to fines or other penalties. Additionally, we may be required to comply with multiple and potentially conflicting laws, rules, or regulations in various jurisdictions, or investigate, defend, or remedy actual or alleged violations, which could, individually or in the aggregate, result in materially higher compliance costs to us. New legislation, or a significant change in laws, rules, regulations, or standards could also result in some of our products and services becoming obsolete or prohibited, reduce demand for our products and services, increase expenses as we modify or develop products and services to comply with new requirements and retain relevancy, impose limitations on our operations, and increase compliance or litigation expense, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to risks relating to worldwide operations, and our compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition, and operating results.

Operating in many jurisdictions around the world, we may be affected by numerous, and sometimes conflicting, legal and regulatory regimes, including: changes in law or their interpretation (including trade protection laws, policies and measures, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment, including export controls and economic sanctions laws); changes in tax rates, holidays, incentives and laws, or their interpretation; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; and political conditions and events. Different liability standards and legal systems, that may be less developed and less predictable than those in the United States and the United Kingdom, could limit our ability to provide services in specific countries and subject us to potential noncompliance with a wide variety of laws and regulations. We must also manage social, political, labor, or economic conditions in a specific country or region; restrictive actions by governments, including embargoes; difficulties in

staffing and managing local operations; difficulties with local or grassroots activism; difficulties in penetrating new markets because of established and entrenched competitors; uncertainties of obtaining data and creating products and services that are relevant to particular geographic markets; lack of recognition of our brands, products, or services; unavailability of local joint venture partners; restrictions or limitations on outsourcing contracts or services abroad; potential adverse tax consequences on the repatriation of funds and from taxation reform affecting multinational companies; and exposure to adverse government action in countries where we may conduct reporting activities. Because of the varying degrees of development of the legal systems of the countries in which we operate, local laws might be insufficient to protect our rights. Compliance with diverse legal and regulatory requirements is costly and time-consuming, and requires significant resources. Violations could result in significant fines or monetary damages, criminal and civil sanctions, including the restriction, suspension or revocation of an authorization, regulatory approval, license, recognition, exemption or registration that we rely on in order to conduct our business, and damage to our reputation.

As we operate our business around the world, we must manage the potential conflicts between locally accepted business practices in any given jurisdiction and our obligations to comply with laws and regulations, including anti-corruption laws or regulations applicable to us, such as the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and regulations established by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control. Government agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against companies for violations of export controls, anti-corruption laws or regulations, and other laws, rules, sanctions, embargoes, and regulations. For example, the United States, the European Union, and other countries have imposed significant sanctions measures targeting the energy, defense, and financial sectors of Russia’s economy and specific Russian officials and businesses. There is also significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and various other countries, most significantly China, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. Although we believe all our business activities are permissible under all current applicable laws, rules, sanctions, embargoes, and regulations, we may be required to discontinue or limit our business activities in the future. Further, the implementation of new trade policies, treaties, tariffs, legislation or regulations, or changes in or unfavorable interpretations of existing regulations by courts or regulatory bodies, could require us to incur significant compliance costs and impede our ability to operate, expand, and enhance our products and services as necessary to remain competitive and grow our business.
Our ability to comply with applicable complex and changing laws and rules, including anti-corruption laws, is largely dependent on our establishment and maintenance of compliance, surveillance, audit, and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. We have developed and instituted a corporate compliance program intended to promote and facilitate compliance with all applicable laws, which includes employee training and the creation of appropriate policies and procedures defining employee behavior. We also have policies, procedures, and controls designed to comply with all applicable laws, rules, sanctions, embargoes, and regulations and measure the compliance of our third-party providers. However, these measures may not always be effective, and we may fail to appropriately monitor or evaluate the risks to which we are or may be exposed or identify business activities that violate laws, rules, sanctions, embargoes, and regulations. In addition, we may not always be successful in detecting if our employees, contractors, agents, and suppliers, including independent companies to which we outsource certain business operations, are engaging in misconduct, fraud, or otherwise taking actions in violation of our policies, procedures, and controls. In addition, some of our risk management methods depend upon evaluation of public information that may not be accurate, complete, up-to-date, or properly evaluated. In such cases, we could be subject to investigations and proceedings that may be very expensive to defend and may result in criminal enforcement actions, penalties for non-compliance, or civil actions or lawsuits, including by customers, for damages that could be significant.
Any of these outcomes could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results.
Legal, political, and economic uncertainty surrounding the planned exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union are a source of instability and uncertainty.
The referendum in the United Kingdom in favor of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union (“E.U.”), commonly referred to as “Brexit,” could cause disruption to our business, including affecting relationships with existing and future customers, suppliers, and employees. The United Kingdom held an election in December 2019, resulting in a majority government that is expected to complete Brexit whether or not a formal withdrawal agreement is in place with the European Union. We are headquartered and tax domiciled in the United Kingdom and conduct business throughout the European Union primarily through our U.K. subsidiaries. The United Kingdom will cease to be a member state of the European Union by January 31, 2020, if not delayed, and will lose access to the E.U. single market and to E.U. trade deals negotiated with other jurisdictions at that time, so the long-term effects of Brexit will depend on the agreements or arrangements with the European Union for the United Kingdom to retain access to E.U. markets either during a transitional period or more permanently. Depending on the final terms of Brexit and the agreements or arrangements negotiated with the European Union, we could face

new regulatory costs and challenges. For instance, we may be required to move certain operations to other E.U. member states to maintain access to the E.U. single market and to E.U. trade deals. A decline in trade could affect the attractiveness of the United Kingdom as a global investment center and have a detrimental impact on U.K. growth. Although we have an international customer base, we could be adversely affected by reduced growth and greater currency and economic volatility in the United Kingdom. Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which E.U. laws to replace or replicate, including U.K. competition laws. Changes to U.K. immigration policy related to Brexit could also affect our business. Although the United Kingdom would likely retain its diverse pool of talent, London’s role as a global financial center may decline, particularly if financial institutions shift their operations to the European Union as the United Kingdom loses the E.U. financial services passport. Any adjustments we make to our business and operations as a result of Brexit could result in significant time and expense to complete. Any of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Our international operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuations.
We operate in many countries around the world and a significant part of our revenue comes from international sales. In 2019, we generated approximately 40 percent of our revenues from sales outside the United States and approximately 20 percent of our revenue was transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We earn revenues, pay expenses, own assets, and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including, but not limited to, the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar, the Singapore Dollar, and the Indian Rupee. As we continue to leverage our global delivery model, more of our expenses will likely be incurred in currencies other than those in which we bill for the related products and services. An increase in the value of certain currencies against the U.S. dollar could increase costs for delivery of services at offshore sites by increasing labor and other costs that are denominated in local currency. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues, income, expenses, and the value of assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. We may use derivative financial instruments to reduce our net exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations. Nevertheless, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies can materially affect our net operating revenues, operating income, and the value of balance sheet items denominated in other currencies.
International hostilities, terrorist or cyber-terrorist activities, natural disasters, pandemics, and infrastructure disruptions could prevent us from effectively serving our customers and thus adversely affect our results of operations.
Acts of terrorism, cyber-terrorism, political unrest, war, civil disturbance, armed regional and international hostilities and international responses to these hostilities, natural disasters (including hurricanes or floods), global health risks or pandemics, or the threat of or perceived potential for these events could have a negative impact on us. These events could adversely affect our customers’ levels of business activity and precipitate sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events also pose significant risks to our employees, information systems, and our physical facilities and operations around the world, whether the facilities are ours or those of our third-party service providers or customers. By disrupting communications and travel and increasing the difficulty of obtaining and retaining highly skilled and qualified personnel, these events could make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver products and services to our customers. Extended disruptions of electricity, other public utilities, or network services at our facilities, as well as system failures at our facilities or otherwise, could also adversely affect our ability to serve our customers. We may be unable to protect our employees, facilities, and systems against all such occurrences. We generally do not have insurance for losses and interruptions caused by terrorist attacks, conflicts, and wars. If these disruptions prevent us from effectively serving our customers, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Acquisitions, joint ventures, or similar strategic relationships, or dispositions of our businesses, and the related integration or separation risks, may require significant resources or result in unanticipated costs or liabilities or fail to deliver anticipated benefits, and may disrupt or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.
As part of our business strategy, we pursue selective acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or technologies, or joint ventures, partnerships, alliances, or similar strategic transactions and relationships with third parties, to support our business. We may also undertake dispositions of certain of our businesses or products. We seek to be disciplined in a highly competitive market and we may not be able to identify suitable candidates on favorable terms to successfully complete acquisitions, joint ventures, partnerships, alliances or strategic relationships, or dispositions. In addition, we typically fund our acquisitions through our credit facilities. Although we have capacity under our credit facilities, those may not be sufficient. Therefore, future acquisitions or strategic relationships may require us to obtain additional financing through debt or equity, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all and could result in shareholder dilution.
If such acquisitions or other strategic transactions are completed, the anticipated growth and other strategic objectives of such transactions may not be fully realized, and a variety of factors may adversely affect any anticipated benefits. Their success

depends on, among other things, our ability to integrate businesses in a manner that realizes anticipated synergies and exceeds cost savings and revenue growth trends we have identified, which is a complex, costly, and time-consuming process. We expect to benefit from cost synergies driven by a number of strategies, such as integrating corporate functions, using cost-competitive locations, optimizing IT infrastructure, real estate, and other costs, as well as greater tax efficiencies from global cash movement. We may also enjoy revenue synergies, including cross-selling of products and services, an expanded product offering, and balance across geographic regions. We may not be successful in integrating acquired businesses, and completed strategic transactions may not perform at the levels we anticipate or achieve our expected cost or revenue synergies.
The completion of such transactions may have material unanticipated risks, difficulties, costs, liabilities, competitive response, and diversion of management focus and attention, such as: difficulties, delays, and expenses in integrating or remediating operations, systems, and technology and maintaining institutional knowledge and procedures; challenges in conforming standards, controls, procedures, accounting and other policies, business cultures, and compensation structures; challenges in keeping and developing business relationships; difficulties in managing the expanded operations of the company; impairments of goodwill and other intangible assets; disruption of operations; unexpected regulatory and operating difficulties and expenditures; contingent liabilities (including contingent tax liabilities) that are larger than expected; and adverse tax consequences pursuant to changes in applicable tax laws, regulations, or other administrative guidance. The anticipated benefits from strategic transactions may take longer to realize than expected or may not be realized fully. We may also have difficulty integrating and operating businesses in countries and geographies where we do not currently have a significant presence, and could increase our exposure to risks of conducting operations in international markets. Similarly, any divestitures will be accompanied by risks commonly encountered in the sale of businesses or assets. As a result, the failure of acquisitions, dispositions, and other strategic transactions to perform as expected could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our indebtedness could have significant consequences on our future operations, including: making it more difficult for us to satisfy our indebtedness obligations and our other ongoing business obligations, which may result in defaults; events of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt instruments, which could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable or require us to negotiate an amendment to financial or other covenants that could cause us to incur additional fees and expenses; sensitivity to interest rate increases on our variable rate outstanding indebtedness, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly; reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes; limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industries in which we operate, and the overall economy; placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to any of our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged; and increasing our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions.
Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our debt instruments depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot be certain that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our existing or any future credit facilities or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our indebtedness obligations and to fund other liquidity needs. We may incur substantial additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness, for many reasons, including to fund acquisitions. If we add additional indebtedness or other liabilities, the related risks that we face could intensify.
A downgrade to our credit ratings would increase our cost of borrowing under our credit facility and adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets.
We are party to a $1.25 billion senior unsecured revolving credit agreement that matures in November 2024 (the “Senior Credit Facility”). The cost of borrowing under the Senior Credit Facility and our ability to, and the terms under which we may, access the credit markets are affected by credit ratings assigned to us by the major credit rating agencies. These ratings are premised on our performance under assorted financial metrics and other measures of financial strength, business and financial risk, and other factors determined by the credit rating agencies. Our current ratings have served to lower our borrowing costs and facilitate access to a variety of lenders. However, there can be no assurance that our credit ratings or outlook will not be lowered in the future in response to adverse changes in these metrics and factors caused by our operating results or by actions that we take that reduce our profitability, or that require us to incur additional indebtedness for items such as substantial acquisitions, significant increases in costs and capital spending in security and IT systems, significant costs related to settlements of litigation or regulatory requirements, or by returning excess cash to shareholders through dividends or under our share repurchase program. A downgrade of our credit ratings would increase our cost of borrowing under the Senior Credit

Facility, negatively affect our ability to access the capital markets on advantageous terms, or at all, negatively affect the trading price of our securities, and have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We cannot provide any guaranty of future dividend payments or that we will continue to repurchase our common shares pursuant to our share repurchase program.
In October 2019, the Board approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend beginning in the first quarter of 2020. In addition, the Board terminated our previous share repurchase program and authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $2.5 billion in common shares with a termination date of November 30, 2021. Under the share repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase our common shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions, or through accelerated share repurchase agreements, subject to availability of common shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements, at management’s discretion. Quarterly cash dividends and share repurchases under our share repurchase program constitute components of our capital allocation strategy, which we fund with free operating cash flow and borrowings. However, we are not required to declare dividends or to make any share repurchases under our share repurchase program. Any determination by the Board to pay cash dividends on our common shares in the future will be based upon our financial condition, results of operations, business requirements, and the continuing determination from the Board that the declaration of dividends complies with all applicable laws and agreements. As a result, in the future we may not choose or be able to declare or pay a cash dividend, and we may not achieve an annual dividend rate in any particular amount. Furthermore, the share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any set dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. The reduction or elimination of our cash dividend or share repurchase program could adversely affect the market price of our common shares. Additionally, the existence of a share repurchase program could cause the market price of our common shares to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our shares. As a result, any repurchase program may not ultimately result in enhanced value to our shareholders and may not prove to be the best use of our cash resources.
The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may not agree that, after the 2016 merger of IHS Inc. and Markit Ltd., IHS Markit should be treated as a foreign corporation for each shareU.S. federal income tax purposes, and/or that we are not subject to certain other adverse U.S. federal income tax laws relating to certain transactions that we may undertake in the future. In addition, future changes to U.S. tax laws could adversely affect us.
Because IHS Markit is organized under the laws of Bermuda and is and has been treated as tax resident in the United Kingdom, we believe that we are, and have taken the position on our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns, a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, the IRS may assert that we should be treated as a U.S. corporation (and, therefore, a U.S. tax resident) for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 7874 of the Code (referred to as “Section 7874”). Section 7874 provides that if, following an acquisition of a U.S. corporation by a non-U.S. corporation, at least 80% of the acquiring non-U.S. corporation’s stock (by vote or value) is considered to be held by former shareholders of the U.S. corporation by reason of holding stock of such U.S. corporation (such percentage referred to as the “ownership percentage” and such test referred to as the “ownership test”) and the “expanded affiliated group” that includes the acquiring non-U.S. corporation does not have substantial business activities in the country in which the acquiring non-U.S. corporation is created or organized, then the non-U.S. corporation would be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes even though it is a corporation created and organized outside the United States. In addition, if the ownership percentage is at least 60% but less than 80%, while the non-U.S. corporation will be respected as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain adverse U.S. tax rules would apply with respect to certain intercompany transactions and income.

Based on the rules for determining the ownership percentage for purposes of the ownership test under Section 7874, we believe that the former IHS Inc. shareholders held less than 60% of our stock (by vote and value) after the merger by reason of holding IHS common stock, they ownedand therefore that IHS Markit should not be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and should not be subject to the adverse U.S. tax rules described above. However, there is limited guidance regarding the application of Section 7874, including the application of the ownership test. If we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or otherwise subject to the adverse U.S. tax rules described above, we could be subject to substantially greater U.S. income tax liability than if our status as a non-U.S. corporation were respected. In addition, if we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any dividends we pay to non-U.S. shareholders would be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty).

Audits, investigations, tax proceedings and future changes in tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to direct and indirect taxes in numerous jurisdictions, and tax laws, including tax rates, in the jurisdictions in which we operate may change as a result of macroeconomic, political, or other factors.

We calculate and provide for such taxes in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. The amount of tax we pay is subject to our interpretation of applicable tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we file. In complex transactions or jurisdictions, we regularly utilize third-party advisers to help us make judgments about the proper application of tax law. We have taken and will continue to take tax positions based on our interpretation of tax laws, but tax accounting often involves complex matters and judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for taxes and other tax liabilities. Although we believe that we have complied with all applicable tax laws, we have been and expect to continue to be subject to ongoing tax audits in various jurisdictions, and tax authorities have disagreed, and may in the future disagree, with some of our interpretations of applicable tax law. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits to determine the appropriateness of our tax provisions. However, our judgments may not be sustained on completion of these audits, and the IHSamounts ultimately paid could be different from the amounts previously recorded.
Our tax liabilities and effective tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws. For example, the U.S. Congress, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”), and other government agencies have had an extended focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations, such as the comprehensive plan set forth by the OECD to create an agreed set of international rules for fighting base erosion and profit shifting. The tax laws in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries in which we operate could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, and changes in tax laws, treaties, or regulations, or their interpretation or enforcement, may be unpredictable, particularly in less developed markets, and could become more stringent. Any of these occurrences could materially adversely affect our tax position and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Bermuda law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and may afford less protection to holders of our common stock was delistedshares, including enforcing judgments against us or our directors and executive officers.
We are organized under the laws of Bermuda as a Bermuda exempted company. As a result, our corporate affairs and the rights of holders of our common shares are governed by Bermuda law, including the Companies Act 1981 (the “Companies Act”), which differs in some material respects from laws typically applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including the provisions relating to interested directors, amalgamations, mergers and acquisitions, takeovers, shareholder lawsuits, and indemnification of directors. Generally, the duties of directors and officers of a Bermuda company are owed to the company only. Shareholders of Bermuda companies typically do not have rights to take action against directors or officers of the company and may only do so in limited circumstances. Class actions are not available under Bermuda law. The circumstances in which derivative actions may be available under Bermuda law are substantially more proscribed and less clear than they would be to shareholders of U.S. corporations. The Bermuda courts, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company’s memorandum of association or bye-laws. Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Bermuda court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against the minority shareholders or, for instance, where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company’s shareholders than that which actually approved it.
When the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner that is oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda, which may make such order as it sees fit, including an order regulating the conduct of the company’s affairs in the future or ordering the purchase of the shares of any shareholders by other shareholders or by the company. Additionally, under our bye-laws and as permitted by Bermuda law, each shareholder has waived any claim or right of action against our directors or officers for any action taken by directors or officers in the performance of their duties, except for actions involving fraud or dishonesty. In addition, the rights of holders of our common shares and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Bermuda law are not as clearly established as under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in jurisdictions in the United States, particularly the State of Delaware. It is also doubtful whether courts in Bermuda will enforce judgments obtained in other jurisdictions, including the United States, against us or our directors or officers under the securities laws of those jurisdictions or entertain actions in Bermuda against us or our directors or officers under the securities laws of other jurisdictions. Therefore, holders of our common shares may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction within the United States.
We have anti-takeover provisions in our bye-laws that may discourage a change of control.
Our bye-laws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors. These provisions provide for: directors only to be removed for cause; restrictions on the time period in which directors may be nominated; our Board of Directors to determine the powers, preferences, and rights of our preference

shares and to issue the preference shares without shareholder approval; and an affirmative vote of 66-2/3% of our voting shares for certain “business combination” transactions which have not been approved by our Board of Directors.
These provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many shareholders. As a result, shareholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Our Facilities

Our colleagues work in offices at 119 locations around the world, comprising 59 offices in the Americas (47 in the United States); 38 offices in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; and 22 offices in the Asia Pacific region. We own the buildings at three of our locations. All of our other facilities are leased with terms ranging from month-to-month at some locations to an expiration date in 2032 for one of our facilities. We believe that our properties, taken as a whole, are in good operating condition, are suitable and adequate for our current business operations, and that additional or alternative space will be available on commercially reasonable terms for future use and expansion.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

See “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 13” in Part II of this Form 10-K for information about legal proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange and deregistered under the symbol “INFO.”

As of December 31, 2019, we had 72 holders of record of our common shares and approximately 220,000 beneficial holders of our common shares.

Our authorized share capital of $30 million consists of 3,000,000,000 shares of common shares, par value $0.01 per share, and undesignated shares, par value $0.01 per share, that our Board of Directors is authorized to designate from time to time as common shares or as preference shares. As of November 30, 2019, no preference shares were issued and outstanding. The holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share.

Exchange Act. IHS Markit was listedControls

Under Bermuda law, there are currently no restrictions on NASDAQ under the “INFO” ticker symbol.

As is oftenexport or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the case for any two companies coming together in a mergerremittance of equals, IHS and Markit had different compensation philosophies and practices. During the few months since the Merger closed, wedividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our common shares.


We have been designated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority as a non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes. This designation allows us to engage in transactions in currencies other than the Bermuda dollar, and there are no restrictions on our ability to transfer funds (other than funds denominated in Bermuda dollars) in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to U.S. residents who are holders of our common shares.


Under Bermuda law, “exempted” companies are companies formed for the purpose of conducting business outside Bermuda from a principal place of business in Bermuda. As an exempted company, we may not carry on certain business in Bermuda without a license or consent granted by the Minister responsible for the Companies Act 1981.

Dividend Policy

We have not previously paid a dividend, but on October 17, 2019, the Board of Directors reviewed our capital allocation policy and approved a plan to initiate a regular quarterly cash dividend, beginning in the processfirst quarter of building2020, to all of our common shareholders of record (except for common shares held by the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust, which has, subject to certain limited exceptions, waived its right to receive dividends), subject to the quarterly declaration by the Board of Directors as to the amount and timing of any dividend.

On January 17, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a new total rewards program that includesquarterly cash compensation, short-term and long-term incentives, and benefits. We have evaluated pay practices from both companies, choosingdividend in an amount of $0.17 per common share, to keep the best, while adopting new policies and practicesbe paid on February 14, 2020 to deliver competitive

packages to our colleagues and ensuring strong shareholder alignment. We are proudcommon shareholders of the progress we have made in the six months sincerecord as of the close of trading on February 6, 2020 (other than the Merger,Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust as a result of the waiver described above).


The declaration and wepayment of future dividends will work throughbe determined by the endBoard of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including our earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, business conditions, corporate law requirements, and other factors.

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for our common shares is Computershare Inc.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information as of November 30, 2019, the last day of fiscal year 2017 (“FY17”)2019, with respect to fully implementcompensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance.
Equity Compensation Plan Information     
Plan Category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(in millions)
( a )
 Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants, and rights
( b )
 Number of securities remaining available for issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
(in millions)
( c )
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 18.3
(1)$26.81
(2)17.5
(3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders N/A
 N/A
 N/A
 
Total 18.3
 N/A
 17.5
 
(1) Includes (a) 9.0 million stock options, (b) 5.6 million restricted share units and 1.7 million performance share units at target performance levels that were issued with no exercise price or other consideration, (c) 1.7 million shares reserved for issuance if maximum performance on performance share units is met, and (d) 0.3 million deferred share units payable to non-employee directors upon their termination of service.

Our 2014 Equity Plan contains a provision that increases the authorized maximum share amount by (a) the number of shares granted and outstanding under the Key Employee Incentive Program, the 2013 Share Option Plan, and the 2014 Share Option Plan as of June 24, 2014 that terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation or otherwise without the issuance of our common shares, and (b) on January 1 of each year through January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to the lesser of: (x) 2.5 percent of the total number of IHS Markit’s common shares issued and outstanding on a fully diluted basis as of December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year and (y) such number of common shares determined by our Board of Directors.
        
(2) The weighted-average exercise price is reported for the outstanding stock options reported in the first column. There are no exercise prices for the restricted share units, performance share units, or deferred share units included in the first column. There are no other outstanding warrants or rights.
        
(3) Includes shares repurchased by the Company upon vesting of restricted share units and performance share units for tax withholding obligations. The total number of securities remaining available for issuance under equity compensation plans may be issued under the 2014 Equity Plan.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides detail about our share repurchases during the three months ended November 30, 2019. See “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 14” in Part II of this Form 10-K for information regarding our stock repurchase programs.

 
Total Number of Shares
Purchased
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
September 1 - September 30, 2019:       
Employee transactions (1)
3,683
 $67.10
 N/A
 N/A
Accelerated share repurchase program (2)
3,657,979
 $67.39
 3,657,979
 $506.9
October 1 - October 31, 2019:       
Employee transactions (1)
1,029
 $68.92
 N/A
 N/A
November 1 - November 30, 2019:       
Employee transactions (1)
131,282
 $71.36
 N/A
 N/A
Accelerated share repurchase program (2)
793,503
 $67.39
 793,503
 $2,500.0
Total share repurchases4,587,476
 $67.50
 4,451,482
  

For the fourth quarter of 2019, we repurchased approximately $310 million of common shares, including $300 million in open market share repurchases (described in note (2) below), and approximately $10 million in employee transactions (described in note (1) below).

(1) Amounts represent common shares repurchased from employees in an amount equal to the statutory tax liability associated with the vesting of their equity awards. We then pay the statutory tax on behalf of the employee. Our Board of Directors has approved this program in an effort to reduce the dilutive effects of employee equity grants. This program is separate and additional to the repurchase program described in note (2).

(2) In October 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a new compensation program.

In FY17,share repurchase program of up to $2.5 billion of IHS Markit common shares from October 17, 2019 through November 30, 2021, to be funded using our executive officers will have a compensationexisting cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and future cash flows, or through the incurrence of short- or long-term indebtedness, at management’s discretion. This new program replaced the previous share repurchase program that includes (a)was originally set to terminate on November 30, 2019, but was early terminated by our Board of Directors. This October 2019 share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any set dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. Under the repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase our common shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions, or through accelerated repurchase agreements, subject to availability of common shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements, at management’s discretion.


In September 2019, we funded a competitive base salary, (b) an annual incentive tied to pre-established financial goals, and (c) long-term incentives also tied to pre-established goals aimed to motivate and retain executives while driving$300 million accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a scheduled termination date in the long-term performancefourth quarter of 2019. Upon funding of the Company.

Immediately upon closeASR, we received an initial delivery of the Merger, the IHS Markit Board appointed the Human Resources Committee (the “Committee”) and tasked the Committee with developing a total rewards strategy to attract and retain top talent, drive company performance, and align with shareholders. With that overarching directive, we have already accomplished the following for executive compensation:

Appointment of an independent compensation consultant holding no previous relationships with either IHS or Markit.

Agreement on the guiding principles for executive compensation.

Establishment of a new annual incentive program under which incentive payments will be based on achievement of financial metrics.

Adoption of a robust incentive compensation recoupment (clawback) policy.

Elimination of virtually all perquisites except those related to relocation or international assignments.

Design of a new long-term incentive program that, for the CEO and the President, will be solely in the form of performance share units with a three-year performance period tied to Earnings per Share (“EPS”) growth and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”).

Approval of equity award terms that do not permit single-trigger acceleration of unvested equity in the event of a change in control.

Adoption of hedging and pledging policies.

Establishment of share ownership guidelines for executive officers and the Board.

Most decisions affecting the FY16 compensation of our executive officers were made prior to3.658 million shares. At the completion of the MergerASR in November 2019, we received an additional 0.794 million shares. The average price paid per share presented above reflects the average price for the 4.451 million total shares repurchased through the ASR.


Performance Graph

The following graph compares our total cumulative stockholder return with the Standard & Poor’s Composite Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and a peer index representing the total price change of Equifax Inc.; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Gartner, Inc.; Moody’s Corporation; MSCI Inc.; Nielsen Holdings N.V.; S&P Global Inc.; TransUnion; Thomson Reuters Corporation; and Verisk Analytics, Inc.

The graph assumes a $100 cash investment on November 28, 2014 and the reinvestment of all dividends, where applicable. This graph is not indicative of future financial performance.

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return Among IHS Markit, S&P 500 Index, and Peer Group

chart-70b1592d25d85224a40.jpg
TAXATION
The following sets forth material Bermuda and U.K. income tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common shares. It is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof as of the date of this Form 10-K, all of which are subject to change. This discussion does not address all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our common shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. federal, state, local, and other tax laws.

Bermuda Tax Considerations

At the present time, there is no Bermuda income or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty, or inheritance tax payable by us or by our shareholders in respect of our shares. We have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain, or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to

us or to any of our operations or to our shares, debentures, or other obligations except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda or is payable by us in respect of real property owned or leased by us in Bermuda.

United Kingdom Taxation

General

The following is a description of the material U.K. tax consequences of an investment in our common shares. It is intended only as a general guide to the position under current U.K. tax law and what is understood to be the current published practice of HMRC and may not apply to certain classes of investors, such as dealers in securities, persons who acquire (or are deemed to acquire) their securities by reason of an office or employment, insurance companies, and collective investment schemes. It is written on the basis that IHS Markit Ltd does not derive 75% or more of its qualifying asset value, directly or indirectly, from U.K. land. Rates of tax, thresholds, and allowances are given for the U.K. tax year 2019-20. Any person who is in doubt as to his tax position is strongly recommended to consult his own professional tax adviser. To the extent this description applies to U.K. residents and, if individuals, domiciled shareholders, it applies only to those shareholders who beneficially hold their shares as an investment (unless expressly stated otherwise) and hold less than 5 percent of the shares. This description does not apply to shareholders to whom split-year treatment applies.

The Company

It is the intention of the directors to conduct the affairs of IHS Markit Ltd. so that the central management and control of IHS Markit Ltd. is exercised in the United Kingdom such that IHS Markit Ltd. is treated as resident in the United Kingdom for U.K. tax purposes.

Taxation of dividends

Withholding tax

We will not be required to withhold U.K. tax at source on any dividends paid to shareholders in respect of our common shares.

U.K. resident shareholders

Individuals resident in the United Kingdom for taxation purposes will pay no tax on the first £2,000 of dividend income received in a tax year (the “nil rate amount”). The rates of income tax on dividends received above the nil rate amount for the 2019-20 tax year are: (a) 7.5 percent for dividends taxed in the basic rate band; (b) 32.5 percent for dividends taxed in the higher rate band; and (c) 38.1 percent for dividends taxed in the additional rate band. Dividend income that is within the nil rate amount counts towards an individual’s basic or higher rate limits. In calculating into which tax band any dividend income over the nil rate amount falls, dividend income is treated as the highest part of an individual’s income.

A U.K. resident shareholder who holds common shares in an individual savings account will be exempt from income tax on dividends in respect of such shares. Subject to certain exceptions, including for traders in securities and insurance companies, dividends paid by us and received by a corporate shareholder resident in the United Kingdom for tax purposes should be within the provisions set out in Part 9A of the Corporation Tax Act 2009, which exempt certain classes of dividend from corporation tax. Each shareholder’s position will depend on its own individual circumstances, although it would normally be expected that the dividends paid by us would fall into an exempt class and will not be subject to corporation tax.

Non-U.K. resident shareholders

Non-U.K. resident shareholders are not subject to tax (including withholding tax) in the United Kingdom on dividends received on our common shares unless they carry on a trade, profession, or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency (or, in the case of a non-U.K. resident corporate shareholder, a permanent establishment) to which the common shares are attributable.

Taxation of capital gains

U.K. resident shareholders

A disposal of common shares by an individual shareholder who is (at any time in the relevant U.K. tax year) resident in the United Kingdom for tax purposes, may give rise to a chargeable gain or an allowable loss for the purposes of U.K. taxation of chargeable gains, depending on the shareholder’s circumstances and subject to any allowable deductions and any available exemption or relief including the annual exempt amount (being £12,000 for 2019-20). Capital gains tax is charged on chargeable gains at a rate of 10 percent or 20 percent (or a combination of both rates) depending on whether the individual is a basic rate taxpayer or a higher or additional rate taxpayer.

For shareholders within the charge to U.K. corporation tax on chargeable gains in respect of the common shares, indexation allowance, frozen with effect from December 31, 2017, may be available to reduce the amount of any chargeable gain realized on a disposal of common shares (but not to create or increase any loss).

Non-resident shareholders

A shareholder who is not resident in the United Kingdom for tax purposes will not be subject to U.K. taxation of capital gains on the disposal or deemed disposal of common shares unless they carry on a trade, profession, or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency (or, in the case of a non-U.K. resident corporate shareholder, a permanent establishment) to which the common shares are attributable, in which case they will be subject to the same rules which apply to U.K. resident shareholders.

A shareholder who is an individual and who is temporarily resident for tax purposes outside the United Kingdom at the date of disposal of common shares may also be liable, on his return, to U.K. taxation of chargeable gains (subject to any available exemption or relief).

Stamp duty and stamp duty reserve tax (“SDRT”)

The statements below summarize the current law and are intended as a general guide only to stamp duty and SDRT. Special rules apply to agreements made by broker dealers and market makers in the ordinary course of their business and to transfers, agreements to transfer, or issues to certain categories of person (such as depositaries and clearance services) which may be liable to stamp duty or SDRT at a higher rate.

No stamp duty reserve tax will be payable on any agreement to transfer the common shares, provided that the common shares are not registered in a register kept in the United Kingdom. It is not intended that such a register will be kept in the United Kingdom. Further, no stamp duty will be payable on transfer of the common shares provided that: (i) any instrument of transfer is not executed in the United Kingdom; and (ii) such instrument of transfer does not relate to any property situated, or any matter or thing done or to be done, in the United Kingdom.

Inheritance tax

U.K. inheritance tax may be chargeable on the death of, or on a gift of common shares by, a U.K. domiciled shareholder. For inheritance tax purposes, a transfer of assets at less than full market value may be treated as a gift and particular rules apply to gifts where the donor reserves or retains some benefit. Special rules also apply to the trustees of settlements who hold common shares. Potential investors should consult an appropriate professional adviser if they make a gift or transfer at less than full market value or they intend to hold common shares through trust arrangements.

ISA

The common shares are eligible for inclusion in the stocks and shares component of an ISA, subject, where applicable, to the annual subscription limits for new investments into an ISA (for the tax year 2019-20, this is £20,000). Sums received by a shareholder on a disposal of common shares will not count towards the shareholder’s annual limit, but a disposal of common shares held in an ISA will not serve to make available again any part of the annual subscription limit that has already been used by the legacy Human Resourcesshareholder in that tax year.


Item 6. Selected Financial Data

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Compensation CommitteeAnalysis of the Markit board (the “Markit Committee”)Financial Condition and the legacy Human Resources CommitteeResults of the IHS board (the “IHS Committee”). Because we only had one full quarter as a combined company in FY16,Operations” and our executive officers’ compensation in FY16 is based on the programs and philosophies of the respective legacy companies. Pre-Merger compensation decisions (those made before July 12, 2016) are not decisions of the current Committee, but all post-Merger compensation decisions (those made after July 12, 2016) represent decisions made by the current Committee.

Historically, Markit has been a foreign private issuer (“FPI”) under the rules of the SEC. IHS Markit continues to qualify as an FPI. As an FPI, we are not required to provide a CD&Aconsolidated financial statements and the related disclosure; however, we believe it is important to provide investors with transparent disclosure and a holistic viewnotes appearing in Part II of this Form 10-K.


 Years Ended November 30,
 20192018201720162015
 (in millions, except for per share amounts)
Statement of Operations Data:     
Revenue$4,414.6
$4,009.2
$3,599.7
$2,734.8
$2,184.3
      
Income from continuing operations attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$502.7
$542.3
$416.9
$143.6
$188.9
Income from discontinued operations


9.2
51.3
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$502.7
$542.3
$416.9
$152.8
$240.2
      
Basic earnings per share:     
Income from continuing operations attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$1.26
$1.38
$1.04
$0.46
$0.78
Income from discontinued operations


0.03
0.21
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$1.26
$1.38
$1.04
$0.49
$0.99
      
Diluted earnings per share:     
Income from continuing operations attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$1.23
$1.33
$1.00
$0.45
$0.77
Income from discontinued operations


0.03
0.21
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$1.23
$1.33
$1.00
$0.48
$0.97
      
Balance Sheet Data (as of period end):     
Cash and cash equivalents$111.5
$120.0
$133.8
$138.9
$291.6
Total assets$16,087.2
$16,062.3
$14,554.4
$13,936.6
$5,577.5
Total long-term debt and capital leases$4,874.4
$4,889.2
$3,617.3
$3,279.3
$2,071.5
Total stockholders' equity$8,415.8
$8,020.5
$8,004.4
$8,084.4
$2,200.9


Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our past year’s executive compensationfinancial condition and operating results should be read in conjunction with other information and disclosures elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including “Selected Financial Data,” our newly designed compensation philosophyconsolidated financial statements and approachaccompanying notes, and “Website and Social Media Disclosure.” The following discussion includes forward-looking statements as described in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-K. A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is outlined under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K.


Executive Summary

Business Overview

We are a world leader in critical information, analytics, and solutions for IHS Markit.Thus,the major industries and markets that drive economies worldwide. We deliver next-generation information, analytics, and solutions to customers in business, finance, and government, improving their operational efficiency and providing deep insights that lead to well-informed, confident decisions. We have more than 50,000 business and government customers, including 80 percent of the Fortune Global 500 and the world’s leading financial institutions. Headquartered in London, we are voluntarily disclosingcommitted to sustainable, profitable growth.

To best serve our customers, we are organized into the following four industry-focused segments:

Financial Services, which includes our financial Information, Solutions, and Processing product offerings;
Transportation, which includes our Automotive and Maritime & Trade product offerings;
Resources, which includes our Upstream and Downstream product offerings; and
Consolidated Markets & Solutions, which includes our Product Design, Economics & Country Risk (“ECR”), and TMT benchmarking product offerings.

We believe that this informationsales and operating model helps our customers do business with us by providing a cohesive, consistent, and effective product, sales, and marketing approach by segment.

Our recurring fixed revenue and recurring variable revenue represented approximately 85 percent of our total revenue in 2019. Our recurring revenue is generally stable and predictable, and we have long-term relationships with many of our customers.

Our business has seasonal aspects. Our first quarter generally has our lowest quarterly levels of revenue and profit. We also experience event-driven seasonality in our business; for instance, we typically hold our annual CERAWeek, World Petrochemical, and TPM conferences in the second quarter of each year. Another example is the biennial release of the BPVC engineering standard, which generates revenue for us predominantly in the third quarter of every other year. The most recent BPVC release was in the third quarter of 2019.

During 2019, we focused our efforts on increasing revenue and Adjusted EBITDA profit margin, innovating and developing new product offerings, rebalancing our asset portfolio, and updating our capital allocation policy. We delivered 6 percent organic revenue growth during 2019 and increased our Adjusted EBITDA profit margin by 130 basis points. We continued to introduce or enhance many of our product offerings, and we strengthened our product portfolio by acquiring Agribusiness. We divested the majority of our TMT market intelligence assets portfolio in August 2019, and we divested our A&D business line on December 2, 2019. During 2019, we termed out most of our debt, repurchased $500 million of our common shares, and de-levered to a 2.9x leverage ratio, which is within our capital policy target leverage ratio of 2.0-3.0x.

For 2020, we expect to focus our efforts on the following actions:

Increase in geographic, product, and customer penetration. We believe there are continued opportunities to add new customers and to increase the use of our products and services by existing customers. We plan to add new customers and build our relationships with existing customers by leveraging our existing sales channels, broad product portfolio, global footprint, and industry expertise to anticipate and respond to the changing demands of our end markets.

Introduce innovative offerings and enhancements. In recent years, we have launched several new product offerings addressing a wide array of customer needs, and we expect to continue to innovate using our existing data sets and industry expertise, converting core information to higher value advanced analytics. Our investment priorities are primarily in energy, automotive, and financial services, and we intend to continue to invest across our business to increase our customer value proposition.

Balance capital allocation. We will continue to manage to our capital policy target leverage ratio, and we have updated our capital policy to reflect our intent to return 50 to 75 percent of our annual capital capacity to shareholders through share repurchases and a quarterly dividend. We will continue to evaluate the long-term potential and strategic fit of our asset portfolio, and we will also continue to evaluate potential mergers and acquisitions, focused primarily on targeted transactions in our core end markets that will allow us to continue to build out our strategic position.


Key Performance Indicators

We believe that revenue growth, Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and margin), and free cash flow are key financial measures of our success. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are financial measures that are not recognized terms under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”).

Revenue growth. We review year-over-year revenue growth in our segments as a key measure of our success in addressing customer needs. We measure revenue growth in terms of organic, acquisitive, and foreign currency impacts. We define these components as follows:

Organic – We define organic revenue growth as total revenue growth from continuing operations for all factors other than acquisitions and foreign currency movements. We drive this type of revenue growth through value realization (pricing), expanding wallet share of existing customers through up-selling and cross-selling efforts, securing new customer business, and through the sale of new or enhanced product offerings.

Acquisitive – We define acquisitive revenue as the revenue generated from acquired products and services from the date of acquisition to the first anniversary date of that acquisition. This type of growth comes as a result of our strategy to purchase, integrate, and leverage the value of assets we acquire. We also include the impact of divestitures in this metric.

Foreign currency – We define the foreign currency impact on revenue as the difference between current revenue at current exchange rates and current revenue at the corresponding prior period exchange rates. Due to the significance of revenue transacted in foreign currencies, we believe it is important to measure the impact of foreign currency movements on revenue.

In addition to measuring and reporting revenue by segment, we intend to voluntarily provide for “say-on-pay”also measure and “say-on-pay frequency” advisory votes to shareholders atreport revenue by transaction type. Understanding revenue by transaction type helps us identify and address broad changes in product mix. We summarize our 2017 annual general meeting of shareholders.

Our disclosures are different than what would have been reported for a full year as a combined company. To determinetransaction type revenue into the most highly compensated executive officers under the rules of the SEC,

we were required to consider a full fiscal year of compensation for executive officers who were previously employed by Markit and only post-Merger compensation for executive officers who were previously employed by IHS. Going forward, these disclosures and tables will reflect 12 full months of compensation for all executive officers, and the Summary Compensation Table will reflect the most highly compensated executives without the distortion that is created by this Merger year. As a result of including only post-Merger compensation for legacy IHS executive officers, the executive officers included in the FY16 Summary Compensation Table (the “Named Executive Officers” or “NEOs”) and named below, other than the CEO and CFO, are legacy Markit executive officers.

following three categories:

Jerre Stead: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”)


Lance Uggla: President and Chief Integration Officer and former Chief Executive Officer of Markit

Todd Hyatt: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”)

Shane Akeroyd: Executive Vice President, Global Head of Account Management and Regional Head of Asia Pacific

Sari Granat: Executive Vice President and General Counsel

Adam Kansler: Executive Vice President, Financial Markets

Jeffrey Gooch: former chief financial officer of Markit

Stephen Wolff: former head of Group Corporate Strategy of Markit

Financial Performance

In FY16, we successfully executed the Merger and delivered significant value to shareholders, as demonstrated by the information in the below table. Accounting rules require that we report financial information as a combined company only from the date of the completion of the Merger through the close of the fiscal year. As such, a full 12 months of combined results is not available. To show growth, the information below is provided by fiscal year.

Financial Performance 
   Markit   IHS 
    2015   2016   2015   2016 

Revenue(1)

  $1,113 million    $1,165 million    $2,184 million    $2,286 million  

Adjusted EPS (legacy companies)(2)

  $1.44      $1.60    

Adjusted EPS (IHS Markit)(3)

    $1.80      $1.80  

Stock Price as of November 30

  $29.50    $35.94    $34.67(4)   $35.94  

(1)

Revenue

Recurring fixed revenue represents revenue generated from contracts specifying a relatively fixed fee for IHSservices delivered over the life of the contract. The initial term of these contracts is typically annual (with some longer-term arrangements) and Markitnon-cancellable for the term of the subscription. The fixed fee is reportedtypically paid annually or more periodically in advance, and may contain provisions for minimum monthly payments. These contracts typically consist of subscriptions to our various information offerings and software maintenance, which provide continuous access to our platforms and associated data over the contract term. Subscription revenue is usually recognized ratably over the contract term or, for term-based software license arrangements, annually on the IHS Markit fiscal year basis ending November 30, exceptrenewal.

Recurring variable revenue represents revenue from contracts that specify a fee for FY15 revenue for Markit,services, which is reportedtypically not fixed. The variable fee is usually paid monthly in arrears. Recurring variable revenue is based on, Markit’s historical fiscal year basis ending December 31. IHSamong other factors, the number of trades processed, assets under management, or the number of positions we value. Most of these contracts have an initial term ranging from one to five years, with auto-renewal periods thereafter. Recurring variable revenue represents the combined revenue from the Resources, Transportation and Consolidated Markets and Solutions segments. Markit revenue represents FY15 revenue for Markit and pro forma FY16 revenue from the Financial Services segment. Please see Note 3 to our audited financial statements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2016 for further information on our pro forma FY16 revenue.

(2)

Adjusted EPS for FY15 for IHS reflects the reported Adjusted EPS for IHS for its stand-alone fiscal year from December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2015. Adjusted EPS for Markit reflects the reported Adjusted EPS for Markit for its stand-alone fiscal year from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015.

(3)

Adjusted EPS for FY16 is for the IHS Markit fiscal year from December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2016, and includes the resultswas derived entirely from the Financial Services segment for the period from the completion date of the Merger until November 30, 2016.

all periods presented.


(4)

The November 30, 2015 stock price for IHS has been adjusted for the 3.5566 Merger exchange ratio.

Throughout this CD&A, we refer to Free Cash Flow, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and Adjusted EPS. These are non-GAAP financial measures used to supplement our financial statements, which are based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For a definition and discussion of these measures, see “Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this CD&A. We also refer to Revenue and Global Revenue which are GAAP financial measures.

Shareholder Return

As shown below, our Total Shareholder Return since the Markit initial public offering in 2014 was 14 percent higher than the S&P 500 Index. A $100 investment made on June 19, 2014 in our stock would be worth approximately $135 as of November 30, 2016, whereas the same investment in the S&P 500 Index would be worth approximately $118.

For 2016, our Total Shareholder Return also exceeded the S&P 500 Index by 13 percent. A $100 investment made on December 1, 2015 in our stock would be worth approximately $122 as of November 30, 2016, whereas the same investment in the S&P 500 Index would be worth approximately $108.

Leadership Structure

The leadership team of IHS Markit was structured to incorporate executive talent from IHS and Markit. Mr. Stead, former Chairman and CEO of IHS, is our current Chairman of the Board and CEO. Mr. Uggla, former Chairman and CEO of Markit, is our President and Chief Integration Officer. Mr. Uggla will assume the role of Chairman of the Board and CEO upon Mr. Stead’s retirement in fiscal year 2018 (FY18), a succession that was announced at the time of the Merger.

The table below shows our executive officers and their legacy companies:

Executive Officers From Legacy IHSExecutive Officers From Legacy Markit
NameTitle at IHS MarkitNameTitle at IHS Markit

Jerre Stead

Chairman of the Board and CEOLance UgglaPresident and Chief Integration Officer

Todd Hyatt

EVP and CFOShane AkeroydEVP, Global Head of Account Mgmt

Daniel Yergin

Vice Chairman of the CompanySari GranatEVP, General Counsel

Jonathan Gear

EVP, Resources and TransportationAdam KanslerEVP, Financial Markets

Randall Harvey

EVP, Chief Technology OfficerYaacov MutnikasEVP, Financial Market Technologies

Jane Okun Bomba

EVP, Chief Administrative OfficerMichele TrogniEVP, Consolidated Markets

Jeff Sisson

EVP, Chief of Staff

Detailed information about our leadership team can be found under “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance – Executive Officers.”

Shareholder Engagement

Engagement with our shareholders is a significant priority for us. As a company, we believe in broad and open access and invest significant time and resource into investor outreach, as detailed below:

We host quarterly earnings calls during which our CEO and CFO present a detailed analysis of our performance, overview of progress on key initiatives and updates to annual guidance.

We remain available to answer questions from shareholders and analysts and have a goal of returning all calls within 24 hours.

We host an annual investor day, to which anyone is invited and which we webcast and record for future viewing on our website. At this annual event, we provide extensive information on our strategy, growth and profit drivers, and future opportunity and our executive officers and members of our Board are present to discuss and answer any questions or concerns a shareholder may have.

We also do extensive investor outreach, traveling to many cities to visit both current and prospective investors, and we are interested in listening to and understanding our shareholders’ positions on executive pay, pay-for-performance, and governance, among other subjects. In addition, our management team engages regularly with representatives from the major proxy advisory firms.

We have a very robust investor relations program and continue to meet regularly with a broader group of our shareholders, analysts, portfolio managers, and governance groups to ensure we understand their perspectives on IHS Markit.

Based on all of these meetings and the feedback we have received, we believe we are meeting shareholder expectations with regard to executive compensation. We have noted that some of our shareholders have expressed a concern about our run rate for our equity compensation. We are actively managing our share usage to drive improvement. We also have an active share buyback program in place that helps manage dilution from our presently outstanding equity awards.

Additionally, we intend to be transparent in our pay programs and pay practices. As an FPI, Markit has not, historically, been required to provide for a shareholder vote on executive compensation, but IHS has. We believe it is important to maintain the same level of compensation disclosure IHS provided; thus, we are voluntarily providing this CD&A and related compensation tables. At our 2017 annual general meeting, shareholders will have an opportunity to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our NEOs. Shareholders will also have an opportunity to approve a proposal to hold an annual advisory vote on executive pay in future years.

Key compensation information was included in the proxy statements related to the Merger, and IHS stockholders approved, on an advisory basis, the specified compensatory arrangements between IHS and its named executive officers related to the Merger at the special meeting of shareholders held to approve the terms of the Merger.

Corporate Governance

The Committee has adopted compensation governance policies and practices that are designed to ensure effective oversight of the Company’s executive compensation program while driving Company performance and aligning management’s interests with our shareholders:

Corporate Governance PracticeDescription

Pay-for-Performance

We tie compensation to performance by having the majority
Non-recurring revenue represents consulting, services, single-document product sales, perpetual license sales and associated services, conferences and events, and advertising. Our non-recurring products and services are an important part of total target compensation comprised of performance-based components that are linked to financial goals of the Company.

Share Ownership Guidelines

Senior executivesour business because they complement our recurring business in creating strong and directors are required to hold our common shares with an aggregate value equal to a multiple of base salary or annual director fees, as applicable. Each of the CEO and the President are required to hold five times salary; the Vice Chairman of the Company is required to hold four times salary; and each other executive officer is required to hold three times salary. The non-employee directors of the Board are required to hold five times their annual board retainer.

Hedging and Pledging Policy

We have a hedging and pledging policy for executive officers and directors that (a) prohibits them from engaging in any hedging transactions that are designed to hedge or speculate on any change in the market value of IHS Markit equity securities, and (b) requires pre-clearance before allowing them to hold IHS Markit securities in margin accounts or pledge IHS Markit securities as collateral.comprehensive customer relationships.

Corporate Governance PracticeDescription

Incentive Compensation Recoupment (clawback) Policy

We may require the return, repayment or forfeiture of any annual or long-term incentive compensation payment or award, whether in the form of cash or equity, made or granted to any current or former executive officer during the three-year period preceding a “Triggering Event,” as defined in our policy on recovery of incentive compensation.

Engagement with Shareholders

We regularly engage with shareholders throughout the year regarding executive compensation and corporate governance matters.

Limit on Equity Dilution

We have made a commitment to shareholders limiting annual equity award dilution (excluding employee stock purchase plan purchases) to a maximum annual run rate for FY17 at 1.25 percent of total shares outstanding and we intend to continue to manage and improve our equity award share usage.

No Excise Tax Gross-ups

No NEO has any excise tax gross-up protection.

No Shareholder Rights Agreement

We do not currently have a stockholder rights agreement, commonly referred to as a poison pill.

No Single Trigger on Equity Awards

Beginning in FY17, we have unified equity award terms so that future awards will not automatically vest in the event of a change in control

Independent Compensation Committee

All members of the Committee are independent as required by NASDAQ, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Committee charter.

Independent Compensation Consultant

The Committee has retained an independent compensation consultant that performs no other services for the Company and has no conflicts of interest.

Legacy FY16 Executive Compensation Programs


Non-GAAP measures. We use non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Actions

Legacy Compensation Plans

For FY16,free cash flow in our operational and financial decision-making. We believe that such measures allow us to focus on what we deem to be more reliable indicators of ongoing operating performance (Adjusted EBITDA) and our ability to generate cash flow from operations (free cash flow). We also believe that investors may find these non-GAAP financial measures useful for the executive officers received compensationsame reasons, although we caution readers that non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for U.S. GAAP financial measures or disclosures. None of these non-GAAP financial measures are recognized terms under their applicable legacy MarkitU.S. GAAP and do not purport to be an alternative to net income or IHS compensation programs (base salary, annual incentive, and long-term incentive plans).

Legacy Markit Compensation ProgramLegacy IHS Compensation Program

A.     Base Salary

A.     Base Salary

B.     Discretionary annual performance compensation is determinedoperating cash flow as a total incentive amount and delivered in a mix of (i) cash bonus and (ii) equity. The overall amount each individual receives is based on the achievement of individual financial and strategic objectives and Company performance.

(i)     For FY16, the annual cash incentive was funded based on the achievement of Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA goals, and was allocated on an individual basis in consideration of each executive’s performance compared to the prior year’s performance and as a percentage of his or her total direct compensation.

(ii)    Equity was delivered in form of restricted share awards with a three-year graded vesting period. Equity was granted in consideration of each executive’s performance compared to the prior year’s performance and as a percentage of his or her direct compensation.

B.     Annual Incentive Plan (“AIP”) is based on financial and non-financial metrics. Each executive officer is designated a target payout as a percent of salary with opportunity to earn above and below target payouts based on actual performance.

Under the legacy IHS annual incentive plan, executive officers were provided with target incentive opportunities that would pay out above or below target based on financial performance. The payouts were based on four metrics that represented key business performance areas for legacy IHS: Free Cash Flow, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Global Revenue and Customer Delight.

For FY16, the AIP paid out at 112.5 percent of target based on achievement of goals.

C.     Long term incentives were delivered in the form of restricted share units (“RSUs”) with a three-year cliff vest and performance share units (“PSUs”) with a three-year performance period. Competitive equity ranges were established by position and level, with the final award determined by an individual executive’s past and expected future performance.

Base Salary

In January 2016, the Markit Human Resources Committee approved an increase in Mr. Uggla’s base salary from $750,000 to $800,000, stated inindicator of operating performance or any other U.S. dollars (“USD”).

In October 2016, after reviewing internal equity and external market data, the Committee increased Ms. Granat’s salary from $400,000 to $450,000 to bring her salary more in line with the market.

In June 2015, priorGAAP measure. Throughout this MD&A, we provide reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the Merger, Mr. Stead was re-appointed as CEO of IHS after previously retiring as CEO of IHS in May 2013. At the time of his re-appointment, the IHS Committee approved a base salary of $745,428. In addition, based on prior service to IHS, Mr. Stead receives annual payments totaling $214,572 that were previously earned from the IHS Supplemental Income Plan. Mr. Stead requested that payments from the Supplemental Income Plan be deducted from the market competitive value in determining his base salary. At that time, a competitive salary for his position as CEO of IHS was approximately $1 million. Mr. Stead’s target bonus is calculated based on $960,000, the combination of his base salary and annual Supplemental Income Plan payment.

Annual Incentive Plan and Bonus

Because our financial results are combined only on a post-Merger basis, the Committee decided to keep the executive officers under the terms of their respective legacy annual performance and incentive plans for FY16. Payments for legacy Markit’s annual performance plan are discretionary and described below, under “Legacy Markit Annual Incentive.” Payments under the legacy IHS AIP were based upon the achievement of specific financial metrics, and the Committee used no further discretion to determine the amounts received by each NEO. These payments are described below under “Legacy IHS Annual Incentive Plan.”

Legacy Markit Annual Incentive. Legacy Markit’s overall annual cash incentive pool was determined as a percentage of Revenue for the Financial Services segmentmost directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures.



EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Under the legacy Markit compensation program, annual performance compensation included a mix of cash incentive and restricted share awards.

The Committee determined FY16 cash incentives after a comprehensive review and evaluation of the Company and individual performance for the year, both on a year-over-year basis and as compared to key competitors.

Company performance: Management reviewed the Company’s forecasted 2016 financial performance with the Committee in December 2016, and the Committee assessed full-year actual financial results before finalizing compensation decisions in January 2017.

Individual performance: The Committee considered the following individual contributions of the President and each other NEO (other than Mr. Gooch and Mr. Wolff, who were not eligible to receive any incentive compensation for 2016 due to their departure from the Company following the Merger):

Mr. Uggla provided outstanding leadership of Markit and of IHS Markit, including delivering solid financial results. Mr. Uggla successfully negotiated the Merger for Markit, guided Markit through the closing, and then led the integration program for the combined Company. Mr. Uggla has met extensively with colleagues, customers and shareholders to ensure that all constituencies understand the strategy behind the Merger and the potential opportunity available and value to be created through this transaction.

Mr. Akeroyd successfully led the sales teams within Markit and subsequently the global account management team within IHS Markit, building deeper relationships with our customers and growing the pipeline of business. He successfully positioned IHS Markit as a company able to deliver best-in-class information, insight and analytics to our customers and delivered training on our positioning to colleagues globally. Mr. Akeroyd coordinated across product, sales and marketing teams to deliver the initial revenue synergy deals and built the pipeline to deliver more transactions in 2017.

Ms. Granat led Markit through the successful closing of the Merger and assumed the expanded role of general counsel for the Company. Ms. Granat completed five other M&A transactions and resolved a number of competition claims and/or investigations all with no finding of wrongdoing or payment of fines.

Mr. Kansler delivered solid business results for Markit’s Information division prior to the Merger and for IHS Markit’s Financial Markets division post-Merger, increasing RevenueEBITDA. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in line withare used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties to assess our strategy. Mr. Kansler completed the acquisitions and successful integrations of Prism,operating performance. For example, a global leader in complex derivatives valuationsmeasure similar to complement the division’s existing valuations businesses, and the HSBC ALBI index, which forms part of IHS Markit’s index portfolio. Following the Merger, Mr. Kansler delivered

long-term cost savings through careful cost management and completed the full integration of country risk content to the Connect platform to enable integrated access for our customers.

Legacy Markit Annual Incentive
NameFY16 Annual Incentive ($)

Lance Uggla

1,100,000

Shane Akeroyd

300,000

Sari Granat

300,000

Adam Kansler

300,000

Legacy IHS Annual Incentive Plan.Under the legacy IHS annual incentive plan, executive officers were provided with target incentive opportunities that would pay out above or below target based on financial performance. The payouts were based on four metrics that represented key business performance areas for legacy IHS: Free Cash Flow, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Global Revenue and Customer Delight. After the close of the year, performance was measured against the annual incentive plan metrics to determine the amount earned, as shown in the table below.

FY16 Legacy IHS Annual Incentive Plan Payout 
Metric Weighting  Payout Level(1)  FY16
Goal
  Goal as a % of
Target
  FY16
Results
  AIP Level
Achieved
 

Free Cash Flow(2)

  30 Threshold

Target

Maximum

  

 

 

30%

100%

150%

  

  

  

 $

$

$

475M

500M

525M

  

  

  

  

 

 

96.0

100.0

106.0


 $525M    150

Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)

  25 Threshold

Target

Maximum

  

 

 

30%

100%

150%

  

  

  

  

 

 

32.8

33.2

33.6


  

 

 

98.5

100

101.5


  34.6  150

Global Revenue(3)

  25 Threshold

Target

Maximum

  

 

 

30%

100%

150%

  

  

  

 $

$

$

2,330M

2,390M

2,449M

  

  

  

  

 

 

97.5

100

102.5


 $2,286M    0

Customer Delight(4)

  20 Threshold

Target

Maximum

  

 

 

30%

100%

150%

  

  

  

  

 

 

72

74

75


  

 

 

97.3

100.0

101.4


  75  150

Calculated AIP Payout (as a Percent of Target)

  

  112.5

(1)Percentage of target earned is interpolated between these points. No amount is paid below the level identified as “Threshold.”

(2)Free Cash Flow and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP financial measures. See “Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this CD&A for definitions and a discussion of Free Cash Flow and Adjusted EBITDA Margin.

(3)Global Revenue is calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For purposes of the legacy IHS AIP, Global Revenue is reported in our financial reports within the following operating segments: Resources, Transportation, and CMS.

(4)The Customer Delight metric for legacy IHS, the only non-financial metric included in the AIP, was measured with an ongoing, dedicated assessment of customers’ preferences and product needs through surveys and follow-up contacts. Each year, a target goal for Customer Delight was established and performance was then evaluated throughout the year based on the results of external customer surveys. The Customer Delight baseline (or threshold) goal for FY16 was 72 percent and was established based on the prior year’s performance. Target and stretch goals were assigned based on incremental gains to the established threshold goal. In FY16, actual performance for Customer Delight was determined after the completion of two surveys and this performance was measured against the pre-established targets. For FY16, the target goal was a Customer Delight score of 74 percent, with a stretch goal of 75 percent. Because the stretch goal was met, each of the legacy IHS executive officers received a payout of 150 percent of their target tied to Customer Delight. The amount earned for the Customer Delight portion was paid to the NEOs in the form of IHS common stock to better align executive officers’ interests with stockholders’ interests as well as the interests of all other colleagues who receive an equity award when the Customer Delight goal is met.

The IHS free cash flow target goal for FY16 was lower than our FY15 cash flow. Our free cash flow goals will vary from year to year based on how we utilize our cash and make investments. The target free cash flow goal is dependent upon our intended use of cash for strategic purposes, and will not always be higher than the prior year’s actual free cash flow.

Based on achievement of these goals, the following legacy IHS executive officers received actual annual incentive payouts for the full fiscal year as follows:

FY16 Legacy IHS Annual Incentive Payments 
Name  FY16 AIP Target as
a Percent of Salary
  FY16 AIP
Target ($)
   FY16 AIP Earned
Payment (%)
   FY16 AIP
Earned
Payment ($)
 

Jerre Stead

   120(1)   1,152,000     112.5     1,296,000  

Todd Hyatt

   75    451,350     112.5     507,769  

(1)Mr. Stead’s annual AIP opportunity is 120 percent of fixed cash compensation that includes his base salary and payments from the IHS Supplemental Income Plan.

Awards of Long-Term Incentives (Equity)

Equity awards were approved by each legacy company’s human resources committee in the first quarter of FY16, with the exception of Mr. Stead’s post-Merger grant.

CEO Equity Award

In August 2016, the Committee approved a grant of PSUs, with a target grant date fair value of $6,155,700, to Mr. Stead that will vest in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 based upon the achievement of FY17 EPS goals. Generally, our PSUs will have a three-year performance period, but we determined it was in shareholders’ best interest to provide Mr. Stead with a one-year performance period to ensure he is highly motivated to achieve the Merger’s near-term goals. The Committee chose FY17 EPS performance as this is a key indicator of the Company’s success post-Merger. If EPS is achieved at the maximum performance level, Mr. Stead will vest in 150 percent of the target PSUs granted.

Legacy Markit Equity Awards

In the first quarter of FY16, as part of their annual performance compensation, the Markit Committee approved awards of restricted share awards to legacy Markit executives. The awards vest ratably over a three-year period. Historically, Markit established a target compensation level — comprised of salary, cash incentive and equity awards — for each executive officer. In determining the value of awards to grant, the Markit Committee considered each executive’s performance compared to prior year’s performance and his or her total direct compensation.

Markit Long-Term Incentive Program (Annual Equity Grants)

Name

Restricted Share Awards

Grant Date Value ($)

Lance Uggla

5,472,597

Shane Akeroyd

965,742

Sari Granat(1)

304,989

Adam Kansler

1,067,384

Jeffrey Gooch

1,016,548

Stephen Wolff

711,590

(1)In addition to the restricted share awards listed above, prior to the Merger, the Markit Committee approved a grant of stock options with a grant date fair value of $880,000 to Ms. Granat to recognize her promotion to general counsel of legacy Markit.

Benefits and Perquisites

Legacy Markit and IHS benefits remained in place during FY16. Both IHS and Markit provided executive officers with life and medical insurance, and other benefits generally available to all

employees. Both IHS and Markit sponsored a qualified defined contribution plan (401(k)) that provided matches to employee contributions. IHS offered its most senior level U.S. colleagues an opportunity to participate in a voluntary deferred compensation program through which they could defer a portion of their annual cash compensation; however, IHS did not provide any matching contributions or interest payments on amounts deferred. This deferred compensation program has been adoptedrequired by the Company and expanded to include all eligible colleagues from both Markit and IHS. In FY17, we intend to harmonize benefits across both companies.

Generally, the Committee believes that perquisites should be kept to a minimum, and in most caseslenders under our executive officers did not receive perquisites that exceeded the $10,000 disclosure threshold. However, under terms of his employment agreement that Mr. Uggla has had with Markit since inception of the company, he has long received from Markit a housing allowance with a tax-related payment, an automobile allowance, and other perquisites described in his employmentrevolving credit agreement. In FY16, Mr. Uggla voluntarily waived all perquisites other than those related to the housing and automobile allowances. In FY17, the Committee determined that limited perquisites would be the ongoing policy of the Company, with exceptions made for relocations and international assignments. Mr. Uggla will not be eligible to receive any of these perquisites in FY17. In recognition of the significant change in the perquisite policy for Mr. Uggla, and in light of the Company’s new leadership structure, the Committee approved a FY17 salary increase for Mr. Uggla.

The Committee believes that, in the case of international assignments and relocations, additional allowances are warranted to ensure executive officers are able to maintain their standard of living and do not experience a personal negative financial impact due to their assignment or relocation. Mr. Hyatt received relocation assistance in FY16 that is consistent with what would be received by other colleagues who are relocated for business reasons. In connection with Mr. Hyatt’s expatriate assignment in the United Kingdom, he also received allowances, tax equalization, and other benefits in FY16 that were approved by the IHS Committee prior to the Merger.

FY17 Executive Compensation Philosophy and Design

FY17 Executive Compensation Philosophy

Our executive compensation program for FY17 is governed by the following guiding principles:

Total rewards strategy thatsupports our mission, vision and values

A philosophy designed toattract, retain and motivate top talent

Programs that areglobally consistent and locally competitive

Short-term incentives that arealigned to key business objectives appropriate to colleague roles

Long-term incentives that align colleague and shareholder interests andpromote shareholder return

Supportinga pay-for-performance culture

With these guiding principles, we will operationalize as follows for FY17:

All incentive plans will have specific financial-based metrics that directly support our near-term and long-term business objectives.

The annual incentive performance metrics for executive officers will be corporate revenue and corporate Adjusted EBITDA with an individual modifier.

Long-term incentives will be delivered in the form of PSUs and RSUs to manage dilution.

PSUs may be earned based on three-year cumulative adjusted earnings per share (“Adjusted EPS”) growth with a TSR modifier that prevents above-target payouts if TSR performance is below the 50th percentile of the S&P 500.

FY17 Executive Compensation Design

In FY17, our executive officers will have a compensation program that includes: (a) a competitive base salary, (b) an annual incentive tied to pre-established financial goals, and (c) long-term incentives aimed to motivate and retain executives while driving the long-term performance of the Company.

Compensation Peer Group

With the advice of Pay Governance LLC, the independent executive compensation consultant retained by the Committee, the Committee chose a peer group of 18 companies to be used in benchmarking executive pay. The peer group was developed with consideration given to: key competitors identified in interviews with IHS and Markit executives; the composition of legacy IHS and Markit compensation peer groups; and industry and size (revenue, EBITDA, market cap) factors. In this peer group, IHS Markit is at the 51st percentile for revenue and the 59th percentile for market capitalization. The Committee does not rely solely on peer group compensation data in making its individual compensation determinations. Generally, the Committee aims to provide total pay opportunities to our executives based on consideration of a number of factors, including pay levels for executives in similar positions within in our peer group, nature and scope of each executive’s duties, individual performance, and internal pay positioning, taking into account each NEO’s pay components and levels relative to other executives with respect to role, length of time the executive has served in the executive’s current position, seniority and levels of responsibility.

The companies identified as our peer group were:

IHS Markit Peer Group for Compensation Benchmarking

Computer Sciences CorporationDST Systems, Inc.The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
Equifax Inc.FactSet Research Systems Inc.Fidelity National Information Services Inc.
Fiserv, Inc.Gartner, Inc.Informa plc
Moody’s CorporationMSCI Inc.Nielsen Holdings plc
RELX PLCS&P Global, Inc.Thomson Reuters Corporation
TransUnionVerisk Analytics, Inc.Wolters Kluwer N.V.

Elements of Pay

The following table describes the components of the executive compensation program and the purpose of each component:

ComponentDescriptionObjective

Base Salary

•    Fixed pay to recognize individual’s role and responsibilities

•    Pay for expertise and experience

•    Attract and retain NEOs by providing competitive level of fixed compensation

Short-Term Incentive Plan

•    Performance-based annual compensation component linked to Company financial performance and individual performance compared to pre-determined goals

•    Motivate and provide annual recognition of superior operational and financial performance

•    Annual incentive target stated as percent of base salary

•    Align with shareholder interests by determining bonus amounts based on key financial metrics used to measure success

•    Payout opportunity from 0 percent to 200 percent of target

Long-Term Incentive Awards

•    Multi-year equity awards linked to share price and Company performance

•    Provide incentives for executives to deliver strong Company share and financial performance over the long-term

•    Long-term incentive target value stated as a percentage of salary

•    Reinforce alignment between interests of NEOs and shareholders

•    Value ultimately earned by NEOs depends on share price at vesting and, for PSUs, also on Company Adjusted EPS and relative TSR performance over 3-year performance period

•    Promote long-term retention by providing a meaningful and yet forfeitable ownership stake denominated in our shares

•    For the CEO and the President, value delivered 100% through PSUs

•    For other NEOs, value delivered through 50% RSUs and 50% PSUs

Retirement Programs

•    Contribute to a competitive total rewards program

•    Programs are consistent with those of Company employees generally

Retention Programs

•    Retention awards to key executives in the form of equity and / or cash awards

•    To ensure retention and stability of leadership team through the merger integration and CEO succession

Total Pay Mix

For FY17, target variable compensation will represent 87 percent of the direct compensation for each of the CEO and the President and 75 percent of the direct compensation for the other NEOs.

Fixed and Variable Pay Elements

Role of Management, Committee and Independent Consultant

Role of Management

At the Committee’s request, the Company’s management provides the Committee with information, analyses, and recommendations regarding the Company’s executive compensation program and policies and assists the Committee in carrying out its responsibilities. The Committee also meets regularly in executive session without management present, including regularly meeting with its independent compensation consultant. While the Committee considers the recommendations of the CEO and the President regarding NEO compensation levels (other than with respect to their own compensation), the Committee ultimately makes all decisions relating to NEO compensation.

Role of the Committee

The Committee, which is composed of four independent directors, is responsible for the compensation of the NEOs. This means that the Committee sets base salaries and short-term and long-term incentive targets, and approves the individual compensation elements for each executive officer. In consultation with an independent compensation consultant and Company management, the Committee actively participates in the design process of the Company’s incentive compensation programs, and provides the final approval of incentive programs and quantitative performance metrics. The Committee establishes target compensation and performance goals for the NEOs and determines annual incentive payments for the prior year, based upon a review of the performance achieved. As the Committee makes its decisions, it considers financial results in the most recent year, along with feedback from shareholders through the Company’s engagement activities and input from the independent compensation consultant. The Committee reviews and approves compensation with a view to support the Company’s long-range plans, achieve superior annual and long-term financial results and make continued progress on the Company’s long-term strategic objectives.

Role of Independent Compensation Consultant

In September 2016, the Committee engaged Pay Governance as its independent executive compensation advisor to guide it on executive compensation and related governance matters. In choosing Pay Governance, the Committee was specifically searching for a credible leader in the executive compensation field with diversified industry experience and expertise working through mergers of equals and harmonization of compensation plans and philosophies. In FY16, following the

closing of the Merger, Pay Governance has advised on the establishment of a new peer group, provided recommendations for immediate and longer-term actions to bring the executive compensation team into alignment with the competitive market, and recommended the current design of our short-term and long-term incentive programs. While the Committee considers the recommendations of Pay Governance, the Committee ultimately makes all decisions relating to NEO compensation.

The Committee has direct access to the Pay Governance advisors. Pay Governance had not previously provided services to Markit or IHS. Pay Governance does not perform any other work for IHS Markit, does not trade in IHS Markit shares, and does not have any other economic interests or other relationships that would conflict with their obligation to provide impartial advice to the Committee.

Employment Contracts, Termination of Employment Arrangements, and Change in Control Arrangements

Our CEO does not have an employment agreement. Both legacy IHS and legacy Markit have entered into employment agreements and severance agreements with certain executive officers that are described under “Executive Employment Agreements” and “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” In FY17, the Committee expects to harmonize the form of employment agreements for IHS Markit executive officers.

In FY16, the Company entered into termination agreements with Mr. Gooch and Mr. Wolff that provided for severance and accelerated vesting of equity consistent with the change in control terms of their employment agreements. They each received a termination payment in recognition of their efforts to ensure a successful closing of the Merger.

Compensation and Risk

As we designed our compensation philosophy and strategy, the Committee has considered the balance between appropriately motivating our executives while ensuring that the Company’s compensation program does not encourage excessive risk-taking. We believe that the balance between our short- and long-term incentives, selection of performance measures, and other governance practices such as our share ownership guidelines, anti-hedging/pledging policy, incentive compensation recoupment policy, and sound internal controls over financial reporting to ensure that performance-based compensation is earned on the basis of accurate financial data all contribute to ensure that our compensation plans and practices do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Accounting and Tax Treatment

The Committee considers the anticipated accounting and tax treatment to IHS Markit and to the NEOs in its decision-making process. From an accounting perspective, the Committee’s preference is that there are no significant negative accounting implications due to the design of the compensation program.

Our compensation programs are designed with Sections 409A and 457A of the Internal Revenue Code in mind, with the intent to avoid adverse tax consequences for our executive officers.

Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Throughout this CD&A, we refer to Free Cash Flow, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and Adjusted EPS. These are non-GAAP financial measures used to supplement our financial statements, which are based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We also refer to Revenue and Global Revenue, which are GAAP financial measures.

We define Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. We define EBITDA as net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Our definition of Adjusted EBITDA further excludes primarily non-cash items and other items that we do not consider to be useful in assessing our operating performance (e.g., stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, acquisition-related costs and performance compensation, exceptional litigation, net other gains and losses, pension mark-to-market, settlement, and settlementother expense, the impact of joint ventures and noncontrolling interests, and discontinued operations).


Free Cash Flow. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures.

Non-GAAP measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present non-GAAP measures when reporting their results. These measures can be useful in evaluating our performance against our peer companies because we believe the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of U.S. GAAP financial disclosures. For example, a company with higher U.S. GAAP net income may not be as appealing to investors if its net income is more heavily comprised of gains on asset sales. Likewise, excluding the effects of interest income and expense moderates the impact of a company’s capital structure on its performance. However, non-GAAP measures have limitations as an analytical tool. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. They are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not measures of financial condition or liquidity, and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP or operating cash flows determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, these performance measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Strategic Acquisitions

Acquisitions have historically been an important part of our growth strategy. We completed three acquisitions during the year ended November 30, 2019 for a total purchase price of approximately $0.1 billion, offset by one divestiture for approximately $0.2 billion. We also completed the A&D divestiture on December 2, 2019, for approximately $0.5 billion. We completed three acquisitions during the year ended November 30, 2018 for a total purchase price of approximately $1.9 billion. In 2017, we completed two acquisitions for a total purchase price of approximately $0.4 billion. Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and cash flows for these business combinations beginning on their respective dates of acquisition. For a more detailed description of our recent acquisition activity, see “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 3” in Part II of this Form 10-K.

Global Operations

Approximately 40 percent of our revenue is transacted outside of the United States; however, only about 20 percent of our revenue is transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, a strengthening U.S. dollar relative to certain currencies has historically resulted in a negative impact on our revenue; conversely, a weakening U.S. dollar has historically resulted in a positive impact on our revenue. The largest foreign currency exposures for revenue are the British Pound, Euro, and Canadian Dollar.

The impact of foreign currency movements on operating income is mitigated due to offsetting revenue and operating expense exposures denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our largest net foreign currency exposures are the Indian Rupee, Euro, Canadian Dollar, and Singapore Dollar. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk” for additional discussion of the impacts of foreign currencies on our operations.

Pricing information

We customize many of our sales offerings to meet individual customer needs and base our pricing on a number of factors, including various price segmentation models which utilize customer attributes, value attributes, and other data sources. Attributes can include a proxy for customer size (e.g., barrels of oil equivalent and annual revenue), industry, users, usage, breadth of the content to be included in the offering, and multiple other factors. Because of the level of offering customization we employ, it is difficult for us to evaluate pricing impacts on a period-to-period basis with absolute certainty. This analysis is further complicated by the fact that the offering sets purchased by customers are often not constant between periods. As a result, we are not able to precisely differentiate between pricing and volume impacts on changes in revenue comprehensively across the business.

Other Items

Cost of operating our business. We incur our cost of revenue primarily through acquiring, managing, and delivering our offerings. These costs include personnel, information technology, data acquisition, and occupancy costs, as well as royalty payments to third-party information providers. Our sales, general, and administrative expense includes wages and other personnel costs, commissions, corporate occupancy costs, and marketing costs. A large portion of our operating expenses are not directly commensurate with volume sold, particularly in our recurring revenue business model.

Stock-based compensation expense. We issue equity awards to our employees primarily in the form of restricted stock units and performance stock units, for which we record cost over the respective vesting periods. The typical vesting period is three years. As of November 30, 2019, we had approximately 8.2 million unvested RSUs/RSAs and 0.4 million unvested stock options outstanding.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In applying U.S. GAAP, we make significant estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense, as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe that our accounting estimates and judgments are reasonable when made, but in many instances, alternative estimates and judgments would also be acceptable. In addition, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which are discussed further below.

Revenue Recognition. Most of our offerings are provided under agreements containing standard terms and conditions. Approximately 85 percent of our 2019 revenue was derived from recurring revenue arrangements, which generally are initially deferred and then recognized ratably over the contract term. These recurring revenue arrangements typically do not require any significant judgments about when revenue should be recognized.

A limited number of recurring revenue arrangements and certain non-recurring revenue arrangements contain multiple performance obligations. We apply judgment in identifying the separate performance obligations to be delivered under the arrangement and allocating the transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price of each performance obligation.
Business Combinations. We apply the purchase method of accounting to our business combinations. All of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and contingent consideration are allocated based on their estimated fair values. Fair value determinations involve significant estimates and assumptions about several highly subjective variables, including future cash flows, discount rates, and expected business performance. There are also different valuation models and inputs for each component, the selection of which requires considerable judgment. Our estimates and assumptions may be based, in part, on the availability of listed market prices or other transparent market data. These determinations will affect the amount of amortization expense recognized in future periods. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe are reasonable, but recognize that the assumptions are inherently uncertain. Depending on the size of the purchase price of a particular acquisition, the mix of intangible assets acquired, and expected business performance, the purchase price allocation could be materially impacted by applying a different set of assumptions and estimates. In 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recorded approximately $61.5 million, $745.3 million, and $113.8 million, respectively, of intangible assets associated with business combinations.

The structure of certain business combinations may also require the application of significant assumptions and estimates. For example, in 2017, we acquired 78 percent of aM; in exchange for the remaining 22 percent, we issued equity interests in aM’s immediate parent holding company to aM’s founders and certain employees. The acquisition of these interests over the five years post-acquisition is based on put/call provisions that tie the valuation to the underlying adjusted EBITDA performance of aM. Since the purchase of these interests requires continued service of the founders and employees, we are accounting for the arrangement as compensation expense that is remeasured based on changes in the fair value of the equity interests. We had preliminarily estimated a range of $200 million to $225 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to this transaction, to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining recognition period of approximately four years. In the third quarter of 2018, upon reassessment of near-term financial expectations and their impact on the earn-out calculations, we reduced our estimated compensation expense range to $150 million to $175 million, to be recognized over a weighted-average

recognition period of approximately 3.5 years. This change did not significantly impact 2018 expense. In November 2019, the option holders exercised 62.5 percent of their remaining 22 percent for $76 million, which was paid in December 2019, and we estimate the compensation expense associated with the remaining equity interests to be approximately $70 to $75 million, of which approximately $30 million had been recognized as of November 30, 2019, with the remaining amount to be recognized through September 2022. We will acquire the remaining 8 percent of aM no later than December 2022 based on an earn-out mechanic tied to preceding year Adjusted EBITDA performance.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. We make various assumptions about our goodwill and other intangible assets, including their estimated useful lives and whether any potential impairment events have occurred. We perform impairment analyses on the carrying values of goodwill and other intangible assets at least annually. Additionally, we review the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Examples of such events or changes in circumstances, many of which are subjective in nature, include the following:

Significant negative industry or economic trends;
A significant change in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or our strategy;
A significant divestiture or other disposition activity;
A significant decrease in the market value of the asset;
A significant change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the asset; and
A change in segments.

If an impairment indicator is present, we perform an analysis to confirm whether an impairment has actually occurred and if so, the amount of the required charge.

As of November 30, 2019 and 2018, we had approximately $4.2 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively, of finite-lived intangible assets. For finite-lived intangible assets, we review the carrying amount at least annually to determine whether current events or circumstances indicate a triggering event which could require an adjustment to the carrying amount. A finite-lived intangible asset is considered to be impaired if its carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be derived from it. We exercise judgment in selecting the assumptions used in the estimated future undiscounted cash flows analysis. Any impairment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value.
As of November 30, 2019 and 2018, we had approximately $9.8 billion of goodwill. For goodwill, we use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine whether we believe it is more likely than not that goodwill has been impaired. In 2019 and 2018, we used a qualitative analysis for each reporting unit with goodwill in determining that no impairment indicators were present. That determination requires a number of significant assumptions and judgments, including assumptions about future economic conditions, revenue growth, and operating margins, among other factors. The use of different estimates or assumptions could result in significantly different fair values for our goodwill and other intangible assets.
Income Taxes. We exercise significant judgment in determining our provision for income taxes, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, future taxable income (for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets), our permanent reinvestment assertion regarding foreign earnings, and recorded reserves related to uncertain tax positions. A valuation allowance is established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning opportunities. To the extent that a determination is made to establish or adjust a valuation allowance, the expense or benefit is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.
If actual results differ from estimates we have used, or if we adjust these estimates in future periods, our operating results and financial position could be materially affected.

We monitor and evaluate tax law changes; for example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act significantly changed existing U.S. tax law and included numerous provisions that affect our business. Subsequent regulations and interpretations can change our initial estimates and assumptions. We assess the impact of new guidance or regulations from U.K., U.S., and other tax authorities on our corporate structure and transactions between our consolidated entities. Adjustments to our consolidated financial statements are recognized as discrete income tax expense or benefit in the period the guidance is issued.

Stock-Based Compensation. Our stock plans provide for the grant of various equity awards, including performance-based awards. For time-based restricted stock unit grants, we calculate stock-based compensation cost by multiplying the grant date fair market value by the number of shares granted, reduced for estimated forfeitures. For time-based stock option grants, we calculate stock-based compensation cost by multiplying the grant date fair market value by the number of option shares

granted, reduced for estimated forfeitures. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on historical experience, and we periodically review our forfeiture assumptions based on actual experience.
For performance-based restricted stock unit grants, including those with a market-based adjustment factor, we calculate stock-based compensation cost by multiplying the grant date fair market value by the number of shares granted, reduced for estimated forfeitures. Each quarter, we evaluate the probability of the number of shares that are expected to vest and adjust our stock-based compensation expense accordingly.

Results of Operations

Total Revenue

Total revenue for 2019 increased 10 percent compared to the same period of 2018. Total revenue for 2018 increased 11 percent compared to the same period of 2017. The table below displays the percentage point change in revenue due to organic, acquisitive, and foreign currency factors when comparing 2019 to 2018 and 2018 to 2017.
  Increase (Decrease) in Total Revenue
(All amounts represent percentage points) Organic Acquisitive 
Foreign
Currency
2019 vs. 2018 6% 5% (1)%
2018 vs. 2017 6% 5% 1 %

Organic revenue growth in 2019 and 2018 was attributable to both recurring and nonrecurring revenue growth. The recurring-based business represented 85 percent of total revenue in 2019, compared to 84 percent and 83 percent of total revenue in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The recurring-based business increased 6 percent organically in 2019 and 2018, led in each year by Financial Services and Transportation offerings, with Resources also contributing to the organic growth. The non-recurring business increased 6 percent organically in 2019 and 2018, led by Transportation and Resources offerings, with Financial Services offerings also contributing to the organic growth in 2019. The non-recurring revenue increase in 2019 was also partially due to the timing of the biennial cycle of the BPVC standard, which contributed approximately $8 million of growth in the 2019 results.

Acquisition-related revenue growth for 2019 was primarily due to the Ipreo acquisition in the third quarter of 2018, as well as the Agribusiness acquisition in the third quarter of 2019, partially offset by the TMT market intelligence assets divestiture in the third quarter of 2019. Acquisition-related revenue growth for 2018 was primarily due to the Ipreo acquisition in the third quarter of 2018 and the aM acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Foreign currency movements had a slightly negative effect on our 2019 revenue growth and a slightly positive impact on our 2018 revenue growth. Due to the extent of our global operations, foreign currency movements could continue to positively or negatively affect our results in the future.

Revenue by Segment
  Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages) 2019 2018 2017  
Revenue:          
Financial Services $1,701.5
 $1,419.7
 $1,232.9
 20 % 15%
Transportation 1,246.1
 1,160.2
 991.6
 7 % 17%
Resources 933.8
 876.5
 839.3
 7 % 4%
CMS 533.2
 552.8
 535.9
 (4)% 3%
Total revenue $4,414.6
 $4,009.2
 $3,599.7
 10 % 11%

The percentage change in revenue for each segment is due to the factors described in the following table.

 2019 vs. 2018 2018 vs. 2017
(All amounts represent percentage points)Organic Acquisitive 
Foreign
Currency
 Organic Acquisitive 
Foreign
Currency
Financial Services revenue6% 15 % (1)% 6% 8% 1%
Transportation revenue8%  % (1)% 11% 6% 1%
Resources revenue5% 2 %  % 4% % %
CMS revenue1% (4)% (1)% 2% 1% 1%

Financial Services revenue experienced strong total organic growth in both 2019 and 2018. Within our Information product offerings, we experienced 4 percent organic growth in 2019 and 7 percent organic growth in 2018, primarily due to the solid performance of our pricing, indices, and valuation services offerings. Solutions organic revenue growth of 8 percent in 2019 and 9 percent in 2018 benefitted from broad-based growth across the portfolio, led by our managed loan services and EDM product offerings. Our Processing offerings declined 2 percent organically in 2019 and 1 percent organically in 2018. The 2019 Processing decline was due to lower loan processing revenue, partially offset by improved derivative processing revenue, while the 2018 Processing decline was due to both lower loan processing and derivative processing organic revenue. The Ipreo acquisition in the third quarter of 2018 accounted for the acquisitive growth in 2018 and 2019, as well as providing a strong contribution to organic revenue growth in the last four months of 2019.

Transportation revenue increases for 2019 and 2018 were driven by continued solid organic recurring and non-recurring growth, primarily in our various automotive product offerings. We continue to see strong organic growth in our automotive product category due to continued growth in our used car product offerings and benefits from ongoing innovation in new car product offerings as a result of the increasing use of new automotive technologies. The aM acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2017 accounted for the acquisitive growth in 2018.

Resources revenue for 2019 and 2018 increased both in the recurring and non-recurring categories. Recurring organic revenue growth was 5 percent in 2019 and 4 percent in 2018. Total and recurring organic revenue growth benefited by less than 1 percentage point as a result of the adoption of ASC Topic 606. On a constant currency basis, our Resources annual contract value (“ACV”), which represents the annualized value of recurring revenue contracts, increased 3 percent in both 2019 and 2018. Non-recurring organic revenue growth was 8 percent in both 2019 and 2018. The Agribusiness acquisition in the third quarter of 2019 accounted for the acquisitive Resources revenue growth in 2019.

CMS organic revenue growth for 2019 was due to recurring revenue growth in our Product Design offerings and the BPVC release in the current year, partially offset by the non-renewal of a contract in our TMT benchmarking product offerings. The acquisitive decline was due to the TMT market intelligence assets divestiture. CMS organic revenue growth in 2018 was primarily due to recurring organic revenue growth in our Product Design offerings, as well as recurring and non-recurring revenue growth in our ECR and TMT product offerings; our non-recurring organic revenue decline in Product Design in 2018 was primarily due to the BPVC release in 2017.

Revenue by Transaction Type
  Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages) 2019 2018 2017 TotalOrganic TotalOrganic
Revenue:            
Recurring fixed $3,162.4
 $2,861.5
 $2,550.0
 11%6% 12%6%
Recurring variable 572.9
 506.3
 449.0
 13%4% 13%6%
Non-recurring 679.3
 641.4
 600.7
 6%6% 7%6%
Total revenue $4,414.6
 $4,009.2
 $3,599.7
 10%6% 11%6%
             
As a percent of total revenue:            
Recurring fixed 72% 71% 71%      
Recurring variable 13% 13% 12%      
Non-recurring 15% 16% 17%      

Recurring revenue represents a steady and predictable source of revenue for us. Recurring fixed revenue increased 6 percent organically for 2019 and 2018. Recurring variable revenue was comprised entirely of Financial Services revenue for all

periods, and grew 4 percent organically in 2019 and 6 percent organically in 2018, with the decelerating growth largely due to lower loan processing volumes in 2019. Transportation recurring revenue offerings provided the largest contribution to the growth, at 10 percent organic growth for 2019 and 11 percent organic growth for 2018. Financial Services recurring revenue provided 5 percent organic growth in 2019 and 7 percent organic growth in 2018. Resources recurring offerings increased 5 percent organically in 2019 and 4 percent organically in 2018. CMS recurring offerings were flat in 2019, compared to 3 percent organic growth in 2018, with Product Design increases offset by TMT decreases for 2019.

Non-recurring revenue grew 6 percent organically in 2019 and 2018. The 2019 increase was primarily driven by continued growth in our automotive and Resources product offerings, as well as positive contributions from Financial Services and the benefit from the 2019 BPVC release, while the 2018 increase was primarily driven by strength in our automotive and Resources product offerings.

Operating Expenses

The following table shows our operating expenses and the associated percentages of revenue.
 Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages)2019 2018 2017  
Operating expenses:         
Cost of revenue$1,657.0
 $1,495.7
 $1,348.4
 11% 11%
SG&A expense1,197.9
 1,192.8
 1,096.0
 % 9%
Total cost of revenue and SG&A expense$2,854.9
 $2,688.5
 $2,444.4
 6% 10%
          
Depreciation and amortization expense$573.1
 $541.2
 $492.5
 6% 10%
          
As a percent of revenue:         
Total cost of revenue and SG&A expense65% 67% 68%    
Depreciation and amortization expense13% 13% 14%    

Cost of Revenue and SG&A Expense

In managing our business, we evaluate our costs by type (e.g., salaries and benefits, facilities, IT) rather than by income statement classification. The increase in absolute total costs in 2019 and 2018 was primarily due to recent acquisitions. As a percent of revenue, cost of revenue and SG&A expense have been steadily decreasing, primarily because of the solid organic growth in 2019, as well as ongoing cost management and rationalization efforts associated with acquisition integration.

Within our cost of revenue and SG&A expense, stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was 5 percent, 6 percent, and 7 percent for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The higher stock-based compensation percentages in 2018 and 2017 are primarily due to the assumption and revaluation of legacy outstanding awards at the Merger date and the acceleration of certain share awards associated with severance activities post-Merger. We continue to manage our stock-based compensation expense to be a smaller percentage of revenue.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation expense has been increasing primarily as a result of increases in capital expenditures for our various infrastructure and software development initiatives, as well as assets acquired through the Merger. Amortization expense has increased primarily because of intangible assets associated with the Merger and subsequent acquisitions.

Acquisition-Related Costs

In 2019, 2018, and 2017, we incurred $70 million, $135 million, and $113 million, respectively, of costs associated with acquisitions, including employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, legal and professional fees, and compensation costs of $42 million in 2019, $54 million in 2018, and $10 million in 2017 related to the performance awards granted in connection with the purchase of aM. We expect to incur an additional $40 to $45 million of acquisition-related costs related to the aM performance awards over the next three years.


Segment Adjusted EBITDA
 Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages)2019 2018 2017  
Adjusted EBITDA:         
Financial Services$786.2
 $636.9
 $553.7
 23 % 15 %
Transportation520.9
 479.3
 408.6
 9 % 17 %
Resources403.5
 369.4
 360.2
 9 % 3 %
CMS121.1
 127.4
 125.2
 (5)% 2 %
Shared services(52.8) (48.1) (57.8) 10 % (17)%
Total Adjusted EBITDA$1,778.9
 $1,564.9
 $1,389.9
 14 % 13 %
          
As a percent of segment revenue:         
Financial Services46.2% 44.9% 45.0%    
Transportation41.8% 41.3% 41.0%    
Resources43.2% 42.1% 43.0%    
CMS22.7% 23.0% 23.0%    

For 2019 and 2018, Adjusted EBITDA increased due to recent acquisitions and the leverage in our business model, as incremental revenue drives higher margins. We continue to focus our efforts on organic revenue growth, cost management, and acquisition integration to improve overall margins.

As a percent of segment revenue, segment Adjusted EBITDA margins in 2019 increased primarily due to organic revenue growth and the associated leverage benefits. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin growth in 2018 was partially offset by lower aM and Ipreo margins.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for continuing operations for the year ended November 30, 2019 was 32.7 percent, compared to negative 27.2 percent in 2018 and negative 13.4 percent in 2017. The increase in our tax rate for 2019, compared to 2018, is primarily due to net tax expense associated with U.S. treasury regulations retroactive to 2018 of approximately $150 million. The reduction in our tax rate for 2018, compared to 2017, is primarily due to net tax benefits associated with U.S. tax reform of $141 million.


EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP measure)

 Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages)2019 2018 2017  
          
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$502.7
 $542.3
 $416.9
 (7)% 30%
Interest income(1.9) (3.1) (2.2)    
Interest expense259.7
 225.7
 154.3
    
Provision (benefit) for income taxes242.6
 (115.4) (49.9)    
Depreciation196.1
 175.1
 157.0
    
Amortization377.0
 366.1
 335.5
    
EBITDA$1,576.2
 $1,190.7
 $1,011.6
 32 % 18%
Stock-based compensation expense223.8
 241.7
 261.9
    
Restructuring charges17.3
 1.7
 
    
Acquisition-related costs28.8
 80.7
 103.1
    
Acquisition-related performance compensation41.5
 54.1
 9.9
    
Loss on debt extinguishment7.0
 4.7
 
    
Gain on sale of assets(115.3) 
 
    
Pension mark-to-market and settlement (gain) expense1.8
 (6.5) 5.4
    
Share of joint venture results not attributable to Adjusted EBITDA0.9
 0.5
 (1.2)    
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest(3.1) (2.7) (0.8)    
Adjusted EBITDA$1,778.9
 $1,564.9
 $1,389.9
 14 % 13%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue40.3% 39.0% 38.6%    

As a percentage of revenue, Adjusted EBITDA increased 130 basis points in 2019 and 40 basis points in 2018, primarily as a result of strengthening revenue results and the associated business leverage benefit. The 2019 Adjusted EBITDA increase was positively impacted by 30 basis points due to foreign currency movements, while the 2018 Adjusted EBITDA increase was negatively impacted by 60 basis points due to foreign currency movements and the recent Ipreo acquisition. Adjusted EBITDA margin performance also improved as a result of our ongoing integration and cost management efforts. We expect to continue to drive margin improvement through leveraging our business model and continued focus on efficiency and cost management efforts.

Financial Condition
(In millions, except percentages)As of November 30, 2019 As of November 30, 2018 Dollar change Percent change
Accounts receivable, net$890.7
 $792.9
 $97.8
 12 %
Accrued compensation$215.2
 $214.1
 $1.1
 1 %
Deferred revenue$879.7
 $886.8
 $(7.1) (1)%

The increase in our accounts receivable balance was primarily due to increased billing activity in 2019 and the impacts of the adoption of ASC Topic 606. The decrease in deferred revenue was primarily due to the transition adjustment to ASC Topic 606, the reclassification of A&D deferred revenue to the held-for-sale category, and the decrease associated with the TMT market intelligence assets divestiture, partially offset by increased billings and the Agribusiness acquisition in 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of November 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $112 million. Our principal sources of liquidity include cash generated by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet, and amounts available under a revolving credit facility. We had approximately $5.13 billion of debt as of November 30, 2019, consisting primarily of $237 million of

revolving facility debt, $250 million of term loan debt, and $4.68 billion of senior notes. As of November 30, 2019, we had approximately $1.0 billion available under our revolving credit facility.

In 2019, we completed the following activities related to our debt structure:

We repaid the $250 million term loan that was used to help fund the Ipreo acquisition, using cash on hand and borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
We issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes at a 3.625 percent interest rate, due 2024, and $600 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes at a 4.250 percent interest rate, due 2029. Net proceeds from this offering, along with minor additional borrowings under the revolving credit facility, were used to repay all of our term loan debt.
We issued an additional $350 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.250 percent senior unsecured notes due 2029 at an effective 3.25 percent interest rate and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
We entered into a new $250 million 364-day credit agreement for a term loan credit facility to reduce our revolving credit facility borrowings.
We terminated our previous revolving credit facility and entered into a new revolving credit facility agreement with a total borrowing capacity of $1.25 billion.

Our interest expense in each of 2017, 2018, and 2019 increased primarily because of a higher average debt balance as a result of acquisitions and share repurchases, a higher effective interest rate due to an increased amount of fixed-rate debt, and higher short-term interest rates.

Our Board of Directors terminated our previous share repurchase program and has authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $2.5 billion of IHS Markit common shares through November 30, 2021, to be funded using our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and future cash flows, or through the incurrence of short- or long-term indebtedness, at management’s discretion. This repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any set dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. Under this program, we are authorized to repurchase our common shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions, or through accelerated share repurchase agreements, subject to availability of common shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements, at management’s discretion. In December 2019, we entered into an ASR to repurchase $500 million under this authorization.

Our Board of Directors has separately authorized, subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the repurchase of our common shares surrendered by employees in an amount equal to the exercise price, if applicable, and statutory tax liability associated with the vesting of their equity awards, for which we pay the statutory tax on behalf of the employee and forgo receipt of the exercise price of the award from the employee, if applicable. Such repurchases have been authorized in addition to the share repurchase program described above.

Based on our cash, debt, and cash flow positions, we believe that we will have sufficient liquidity to meet our ongoing working capital and capital expenditure needs. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the number and magnitude of future acquisitions, amount of share repurchases and cash dividends, the need for additional facilities or facility improvements, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, information technology infrastructure investments, investments in our internal business applications, and the continued market acceptance of our offerings. We could be required, or could elect, to seek additional funding through public or private equity or debt financings; however, additional funds may not be available on terms acceptable to us.

See “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 8” in Part II of this Form 10-K for additional information about our debt obligations.

Cash Flows
 Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages)2019 2018 2017  
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,251.3
 $1,289.5
 $961.5
 (3)% 34 %
Net cash used in investing activities$(271.5) $(2,112.1) $(646.3) (87)% 227 %
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities$(958.0) $873.0
 $(329.3) (210)% (365)%


Net cash provided by operating activities in 2019 decreased primarily due to a one-time tax payment associated with U.S. treasury regulations that were retroactive to 2018. In 2018, net cash provided by operating activities increased primarily because of better operating performance and working capital improvements.

Net cash used in investing activities for 2019 decreased from 2018 primarily due to the net inflow of proceeds from acquisition and divestiture activity compared to the cash outflow in 2018 for the purchase of Ipreo. Net cash used in investing activities for 2018 increased from 2017 primarily due to the Ipreo acquisition, partially offset by lower capital expenditures compared to the prior year.

Net cash used in financing activities decreased in 2019 primarily due to the repayment of borrowings made for the Ipreo acquisition, partially offset by fewer share repurchases. Net cash provided by financing activities increased in 2018 primarily due to borrowings to fund the Ipreo acquisition and lower share repurchases, partially offset by lower proceeds from stock option exercises in 2018 as compared to 2017.

Free Cash Flow (non-GAAP measure)

The following table reconciles our non-GAAP free cash flow measure to net cash provided by operating activities.
 Year ended November 30, % Change 2019 vs. 2018 % Change 2018 vs. 2017
(In millions, except percentages)2019 2018 2017  
Net cash provided by operating activities$1,251.3
 $1,289.5
 $961.5
    
Capital expenditures on property and equipment(278.1) (222.7) (260.2)    
Free cash flow$973.2
 $1,066.8
 $701.3
 (9)% 52%

The decrease in 2019 free cash flow was primarily due to lower net cash provided by operating activities due to higher tax payments and higher capital expenditure activity. The increase in free cash flow in 2018 was primarily due to higher net cash provided by operating activities and lower capital expenditure activity, as 2017 cash flow was partially used to pay for Merger-related consolidation and integration activities. Our free cash flow has historically been positive due to the robust cash generation attributes of our business model, and we expect that it will continue to be a significant source of funding for our business strategy of growth through organic and acquisitive means.

Credit Facility and Other Debt

Please refer to “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 8” in Part II of this Form 10-K for a discussion of the current status of our debt arrangements.

Share Repurchase Programs

Please refer to Part II, Item 5 and “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 14” in Part II of this Form 10-K for a discussion of our share repurchase programs.

Dividends

Please refer to Part II, Item 5 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of our dividend policy.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We have no off-balance sheet transactions.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

We have various contractual obligations and commercial commitments that are recorded as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Other items, such as certain purchase commitments and other executory contracts, are not recognized as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements but are required to be disclosed. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of November 30, 2019, along with the obligations associated with our term loans and notes, and the future periods in which such obligations are expected to be settled in cash (in millions):

    Payment due by period
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments Total Less than 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years More than 5 years
Term loans, notes, and interest $6,487.0
 $471.9
 $1,177.6
 $1,464.3
 $3,373.2
Operating lease obligations 412.0
 63.2
 108.2
 81.2
 159.4
Unconditional purchase obligations 96.6
 49.8
 41.0
 5.6
 0.2
Total $6,995.6
 $584.9
 $1,326.8
 $1,551.1
 $3,532.8

We do not expect to contribute a significant amount to our pension plans in 2020, although we believe we will need to pay a premium to annuitize the remaining obligations under the U.S. Retirement Income Plan that we terminated in December 2018. We have taken initial steps to terminate the U.K. Retirement Income Plan and expect to complete the termination by the end of 2020.

In 2022, we expect to pay cash to acquire the remaining aM equity interests. The amount of cash to be paid is based on put/call provisions that tie the valuation to underlying adjusted EBITDA performance of aM. Based on our current estimates, we believe that the purchase price for the remaining equity interests will be approximately $70-$75 million.

In addition to the term loans and notes, as of November 30, 2019, we also had $237 million of outstanding borrowings under our 2019 revolving facility at a current annual interest rate of 2.95 percent. The facility has a five-year term ending in June 2023. We also had approximately $7 million in capital lease obligations as of November 30, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 2” in Part II of this Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their anticipated effect on our business.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk refers to potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and prices. We are exposed to market risk primarily in the form of interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and credit risk. We actively monitor these exposures. In order to manage these exposures, we use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps and foreign currency forwards. Our objective is to reduce fluctuations in revenue, earnings, and cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates and foreign currency rates. We do not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk
As of November 30, 2019, we had no significant investments other than cash and cash equivalents and therefore we were not exposed to material interest rate risk on investments.

Our 2019 revolving facility and our 364-day credit agreement are subject to variable interest rates. We use interest rate swaps in order to fix a portion of our variable rate debt as part of our overall interest rate risk management strategy. As of November 30, 2019, we had $487 million of floating-rate debt at a 2.73 percent weighted-average interest rate. A hypothetical increase in interest rates of 100 basis points applied to our floating rate indebtedness would increase annual interest expense by approximately $1 million ($5 million without giving effect to any of our interest rate swaps).

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, but a portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Changes in the exchange rates for such currencies into U.S. dollars can affect our revenues, earnings, and the carrying values of our assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, either positively or negatively. Fluctuations in foreign currency rates increased (decreased) our revenues by approximately $34 million, $24 million, and $(27) million for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and had no material impact on operating income for the same respective periods. The translation effects of changes in exchange rates in our consolidated balance sheet are recorded within the cumulative translation adjustment component of our shareholders’ equity. In 2019, we recorded a

cumulative translation gain of $46 million, reflecting changes in exchange rates of various currencies compared to the U.S. dollar.

A hypothetical 10 percent change in the currencies that we are primarily exposed to would have impacted our 2019 revenue by approximately $93 million and our 2019 operating income by approximately $12 million. Approximately 80 percent of total revenue was earned in subsidiaries with the U.S. dollar as the functional currency.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit risk associated with cash equivalents, foreign currency and interest rate derivatives, and trade receivables. We do not believe that our cash equivalents or foreign currency and interest rate derivatives present significant credit risks because the counterparties to the instruments consist of major financial institutions that are financially sound, and we manage the notional amount of contracts entered into with any one counterparty. Substantially all trade receivable balances are unsecured. The concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by the large number of customers in our customer base and their dispersion across various industries and geographic areas. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for potential credit losses.
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and the Shareholders of IHS Markit Ltd.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IHS Markit Ltd. (the Company) as of November 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2019 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at November 30, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated January 17, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.


Measurement of the Income Tax Provision
Description of the Matter
As more fully described in Notes 2 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company operates in domestic and international markets and is subject to tax law in the U.K., U.S., and foreign tax jurisdictions. The income tax provision is based on current enacted tax laws and tax rates of each tax jurisdiction. The Company’s accounting for income taxes involves the application of complex and changing tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The Company utilizes judgment in the interpretation of tax regulations as they apply to its tax positions. For the year ended November 30, 2019, income tax expense was $242.6 million.

Auditing the calculation of the provision for income taxes was complex because the provision for income taxes involved significant audit judgment. This significant judgment was due to the interpretation of recent tax laws as well as due to the tax implications related to the Company’s legal structure and transactions between consolidated entities that required evaluation of tax laws across multiple jurisdictions and evaluation of the application of such tax laws to the Company’s tax positions.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls relating to the provision for income taxes, inclusive of management’s review of the provision for income taxes and interpretation of tax laws. For example, we tested the Company’s controls over management’s review of the underlying data used in the provision for income tax calculations and controls over management’s review of the analysis provided by advisors utilized in the application of tax law to the Company’s tax positions.

We evaluated the Company’s calculation of the provision for income taxes. Among other audit procedures performed, we assessed the Company’s evaluation of tax laws and tested the provision for income tax calculations including the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the calculations. We involved our tax matter professionals to evaluate the application of tax law to the Company’s tax positions. This included evaluating advice obtained by the Company. We have also evaluated the Company’s income tax disclosures included in Notes 2 and 10 of the consolidated financial statements in relation to these matters.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.
Denver, Colorado
January 17, 2020


IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except for per-share amount)
 As of As of
 November 30, 2019 November 30, 2018
Assets
 
Current assets:
 
Cash and cash equivalents$111.5
 $120.0
Accounts receivable, net890.7
 792.9
Deferred subscription costs72.1
 77.3
Assets held for sale115.3
 
Other current assets118.2
 109.2
Total current assets1,307.8
 1,099.4
Non-current assets:
 
Property and equipment, net658.2
 579.6
Intangible assets, net4,169.0
 4,484.8
Goodwill9,836.3
 9,836.0
Deferred income taxes17.8
 14.6
Other98.1
 47.9
Total non-current assets14,779.4
 14,962.9
Total assets$16,087.2
 $16,062.3
Liabilities and equity
 
Current liabilities:
 
Short-term debt$251.1
 $789.9
Accounts payable59.7
 42.2
Accrued compensation215.2
 214.1
Other accrued expenses479.1
 379.3
Income tax payable58.5
 8.0
Deferred revenue879.7
 886.8
Liabilities held for sale25.9
 
Total current liabilities1,969.2
 2,320.3
Long-term debt, net4,874.4
 4,889.2
Deferred income taxes667.2
 699.9
Other liabilities145.5
 126.5
Commitments and contingencies

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests15.1
 5.9
Shareholders' equity:
 
Common shares, $0.01 par value, 3,000.0 authorized, 476.3 and 472.9 issued, and 398.3 and 397.1 outstanding at November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively4.8
 4.7
Additional paid-in capital7,769.4
 7,680.4
Treasury shares, at cost: 78.0 and 75.8 at November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively(2,391.8) (2,108.8)
Retained earnings3,295.0
 2,743.1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(261.6) (298.9)
Total shareholders' equity8,415.8
 8,020.5
Total liabilities and equity$16,087.2
 $16,062.3
See accompanying notes.

IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except for per-share amounts)
  Year ended November 30,
  2019 2018 2017
Revenue $4,414.6
 $4,009.2
 $3,599.7
Operating expenses:      
Cost of revenue 1,657.0
 1,495.7
 1,348.4
Selling, general and administrative 1,197.9
 1,192.8
 1,096.0
Depreciation and amortization 573.1
 541.2
 492.5
Restructuring charges 17.3
 1.7
 
Acquisition-related costs 70.3
 134.8
 113.0
Other (income) expense, net (104.5) 1.7
 18.7
Total operating expenses 3,411.1
 3,367.9
 3,068.6
Operating income 1,003.5
 641.3
 531.1
Interest income 1.9
 3.1
 2.2
Interest expense (259.7) (225.7) (154.3)
Net periodic pension and postretirement (expense) income (2.8) 5.6
 (6.9)
Non-operating expense, net (260.6) (217.0) (159.0)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of equity method investees 742.9
 424.3
 372.1
(Provision) benefit for income taxes (242.6) 115.4
 49.9
Equity in loss of equity method investees (0.9) (0.5) (5.0)
Net income $499.4
 $539.2
 $417.0
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest 3.3
 3.1
 (0.1)
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. $502.7
 $542.3
 $416.9

      
Basic earnings per share attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. $1.26
 $1.38
 $1.04
Weighted average shares used in computing basic earnings per share 399.5
 394.4
 400.3

      
Diluted earnings per share attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. $1.23
 $1.33
 $1.00
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share 409.2
 406.9
 416.2

See accompanying notes.





IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)

  Year ended November 30,
  2019 2018 2017
Net income $499.4
 $539.2
 $417.0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:      
Net hedging activities (1)
 (3.2) 7.6
 6.6
Net pension liability adjustment (2)
 (5.7) 4.8
 1.4
Foreign currency translation adjustment 46.2
 (220.4) 345.8
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 37.3
 (208.0) 353.8
Comprehensive income $536.7
 $331.2
 $770.8
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest 3.3
 3.1
 (0.1)
Comprehensive income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. $540.0
 $334.3
 $770.7
       
(1) Net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.7, $(1.8), and $(1.7) for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
(2) Net of tax benefit (expense) of $1.7, $(1.1) and $(1.2) for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

See accompanying notes.

IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
 Year ended November 30,
 2019 2018 2017
Operating activities:
 
  
Net income$499.4
 $539.2
 $417.0
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Depreciation and amortization573.1
 541.2
 492.5
Stock-based compensation expense223.8
 241.7
 261.9
Gain on sale of assets(115.3) 
 
Net periodic pension and postretirement expense (income)2.8
 (5.6) 6.9
Undistributed loss (income) of affiliates, net0.4
 (0.8) 5.2
Pension and postretirement contributions(2.0) (2.6) (5.7)
Deferred income taxes(49.6) (211.7) (100.1)
Change in assets and liabilities:     
Accounts receivable, net(67.9) (11.8) (27.5)
Other current assets(79.9) (2.2) (34.6)
Accounts payable30.9
 32.5
 (20.0)
Accrued expenses39.7
 82.5
 (42.8)
Income tax88.7
 23.5
 (14.7)
Deferred revenue38.8
 26.6
 4.7
Other liabilities68.4
 37.0
 18.7
Net cash provided by operating activities1,251.3
 1,289.5
 961.5
Investing activities:
 
  
Capital expenditures on property and equipment(278.1) (222.7) (260.2)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired(136.5) (1,876.2) (401.1)
Proceeds from sale of assets163.5
 
 
Change in other assets(18.3) (6.2) 0.5
Settlements of forward contracts(2.1) (7.0) 14.5
Net cash used in investing activities(271.5) (2,112.1) (646.3)
Financing activities:
 
  
Proceeds from borrowings2,631.7
 4,617.0
 3,194.5
Repayment of borrowings(3,188.9) (3,122.6) (2,381.2)
Payment of debt issuance costs(13.2) (30.8) (14.4)
Payments for purchase of noncontrolling interests
 (10.1) (57.0)
Proceeds from noncontrolling interests12.5
 
 7.5
Contingent consideration payments(2.2) (43.0) (2.6)
Repurchases of common shares(500.0) (672.5) (1,317.8)
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation(75.6) (95.0) (89.9)
Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options177.7
 230.0
 331.6
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(958.0) 873.0
 (329.3)
Foreign exchange impact on cash balance(30.3) (64.2) 9.0
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(8.5) (13.8) (5.1)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period120.0
 133.8
 138.9
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period$111.5
 $120.0
 $133.8

See accompanying notes.

IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In millions)
 Common Shares 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
     
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 Total Shareholders’ Equity  Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
 Shares Outstanding Amount  
Treasury
Shares
 
Retained
Earnings
    
Balance at November 30, 2016415.0
 $4.5
 $7,210.9
 $(499.1) $1,806.9
 $(438.8) $8,084.4
  $57.7
Repurchases of common shares(32.3) 
 
 (1,317.8) 
 
 (1,317.8)  
Share-based award activity2.3
 0.1
 68.7
 71.9
 
 
 140.7
  
Option exercises14.2
 0.1
 332.5
 
 
 
 332.6
  
Net income
 
 
 
 416.9
 
 416.9
  0.1
Issuance of noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
  10.0
Purchase of noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (57.0)
Other noncontrolling interest activity
 
 
 
 (6.2) 
 (6.2)  8.3
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 353.8
 353.8
  
Balance at November 30, 2017399.2
 4.7
 7,612.1
 (1,745.0) 2,217.6
 (85.0) 8,004.4
  19.1
Repurchases of common shares(14.2) 
 
 (672.5) 
 
 (672.5)  
Share-based award activity2.5
 
 (162.9) 308.7
 (22.7) 
 123.1
  
Option exercises9.6
 
 231.2
 
 
 
 231.2
  
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 542.3
 
 542.3
  (3.1)
Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
 
 
 
 5.9
 (5.9) 
  
Purchase of noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (10.1)
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 (208.0) (208.0)  
Balance at November 30, 2018397.1
 4.7
 7,680.4
 (2,108.8) 2,743.1
 (298.9) 8,020.5
  5.9
Repurchases of common shares(7.6) 
 
 (500.0) 
 
 (500.0)  
Share-based award activity2.1
 0.1
 (86.5) 217.0
 (6.8) 
 123.8
  
Option exercises6.7
 
 175.5
 
 
 
 175.5
  
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 502.7
 
 502.7
  (3.3)
Adjustment to opening retained earnings related to adoption of ASC Topic 606
 
 
 
 56.0
 
 56.0
  

Issuance of noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
  12.5
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 37.3
 37.3
  
Balance at November 30, 2019398.3
 $4.8
 $7,769.4
 $(2,391.8) $3,295.0
 $(261.6) $8,415.8
  $15.1
See accompanying notes.


IHS MARKIT LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.Nature of Business

IHS Markit Ltd. (“IHS Markit” or “we” or “us” or “our”) was formed in 2016 through a merger of IHS Inc., which had been in business since 1959 and was publicly traded since 2005, and Markit Ltd., which was founded in 2003 and was publicly traded since 2014 (“Merger”).

We are a world leader in critical information, analytics, and solutions for the major industries and markets that drive economies worldwide. We deliver next-generation information, analytics, and solutions to customers in business, finance, and government, improving their operational efficiency and providing deep insights that lead to well-informed, confident decisions.

Our segments are organized to address customer needs by industry, as follows:

Financial Services, which includes our financial Information, Solutions, and Processing product offerings;
Transportation, which includes our Automotive and Maritime & Trade product offerings;
Resources, which includes our Upstream and Downstream product offerings; and
Consolidated Markets & Solutions, which includes our Product Design, Economics & Country Risk, and TMT benchmarking product offerings.

We offer the majority of our products and services through recurring fixed and variable fee arrangements, and this business model has historically delivered stable revenue and predictable cash flows.

Our business has seasonal aspects. Our first quarter generally has our lowest quarterly levels of revenue and profit. We also experience event-driven seasonality in our business; for instance, we typically hold our annual CERAWeek, World Petrochemical, and TPM conferences in the second quarter of each year. Another example is the biennial release of the Boiler Pressure Vessel Code (“BPVC”) engineering standard, which generates revenue for us predominantly in the third quarter of every other year. The most recent BPVC release was in the third quarter of 2019.

2.Significant Accounting Policies

Fiscal Year End
Our fiscal year ends on November 30 of each year. References herein to individual years mean the year ended November 30. For example, 2019 means the year ended November 30, 2019.

Consolidation Policy
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In July 2014, Markit acquired a controlling stake in Compliance Technologies International LLP (“CTI”). At the time of the acquisition, a back-to-back put/call option for the shares held by the noncontrolling interest was established, with the earliest exercise date being July 2017. Subsequent to the Merger, the put/call option was accounted for as mezzanine equity, with current income or loss being recorded as an adjustment to the mezzanine equity balance and the mezzanine equity balance accreting value up to the earliest redemption date. In October 2017, we purchased a majority of the remaining noncontrolling interest for approximately $57 million, and in December 2017, we purchased the remaining noncontrolling interest for approximately $10 million.

In May 2017 and again in February 2019, we sold redeemable noncontrolling interests in a small limited liability company we own. The units issued to the noncontrolling interests include put/call options, and we have determined that the noncontrolling interests should be reported as mezzanine equity. The carrying value for these interests as of November 30, 2019 approximates fair value.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates have been made in areas that include valuation of acquired long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill, income taxes, long-term compensation arrangements, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk associated with cash equivalents, foreign currency and interest rate derivatives, and trade receivables. We do not believe that our cash equivalents or derivatives present significant credit risks because the counterparties to the instruments consist of major financial institutions that are financially sound or have been capitalized by the U.S. government, and we manage the notional amount of contracts entered into with any counterparty. Substantially all trade receivable balances are unsecured. The concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by the large number of customers in our customer base and their dispersion across various industries and geographic areas. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for probable credit losses. The allowance is based upon management’s assessment of known credit risks, as well as general industry and economic conditions. Specific accounts receivable are written off upon notification of bankruptcy or once the account is significantly past due and our collection efforts are unsuccessful.

Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. We utilize the following fair value hierarchy in determining fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, and observable inputs other than quoted prices such as interest rates or yield curves.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs reflecting our view about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Our cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are all short-term in nature; therefore, the carrying value of these items approximates their fair value. The carrying value of our debt instruments other than our senior notes approximate their fair value because of the variable interest rate associated with those instruments. The fair value of the senior notes is included in Note 8, and is measured using observable inputs in markets that are not active; consequently, we have classified the senior notes within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Our derivatives, as further described in Note 7, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by reference to similar transactions in active markets and observable inputs other than quoted prices; consequently, we have classified those financial instruments within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Our pension plan assets, as further described in Note 11, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by reference to similar assets in active markets and are therefore also classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, which establishes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In March, April, and May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, and ASU 2016-12, respectively, which provide further revenue recognition guidance related to principal versus agent considerations, performance obligations and licensing, and narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients. These standards have all been codified in the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”

On December 1, 2018, we adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to our customer revenue contracts as of the adoption date. Revenue results for periods beginning after December 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 606, while prior year amounts continue to be reported in accordance with ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.”

The following table shows the cumulative effect of the changes made to the December 1, 2018 consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASC Topic 606 related to contracts that were in effect at the time of adoption (in millions):

 November 30, 2018 Adjustments due to adoption of ASC Topic 606 December 1, 2018
Accounts receivable, net$792.9
 $29.8
 $822.7
Other current assets88.4
 4.2
 92.6
Other non-current assets47.9
 9.5
 57.4
Deferred revenue886.8
 (28.8) 858.0
Deferred income taxes699.9
 16.3
 716.2
Retained earnings2,743.1
 56.0
 2,799.1


The net cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings was primarily related to (1) the change in accounting for the license rights associated with certain term-based software license arrangements, which were historically recognized over the term of the contract, but are now recognized at contract inception based on estimated stand-alone selling price, and (2) the change in accounting for commission costs incurred to obtain a portion of our contracts, which costs were historically expensed as incurred, but are now deferred at contract inception and recognized over the expected customer life.

For the year ended November 30, 2019, the adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not result in a material difference between what we reported under ASC Topic 606 and what we would have reported under ASC Topic 605.

We disaggregate our revenue by segment (as described in Note 17) and by transaction type according to the following categories:

Recurring fixed revenue represents revenue generated from contracts specifying a relatively fixed fee for services delivered over the life of the contract. The initial term of these contracts is typically annual (with some longer-term arrangements) and non-cancellable for the term of the subscription. The fixed fee is typically paid annually or more periodically in advance, and may contain provisions for minimum monthly payments. These contracts typically consist of subscriptions to our various information offerings and software maintenance, which provide continuous access to our platforms and associated data over the contract term. Subscription revenue is usually recognized ratably over the contract term or, for term-based software license arrangements, annually on renewal.

Recurring variable revenue represents revenue from contracts that specify a fee for services, which is typically not fixed. The variable fee is usually paid monthly in arrears. Recurring variable revenue is based on, among other factors, the number of trades processed, assets under management, or the number of positions we value, and revenue is recognized based on the specific factor used (e.g., for usage-based contracts, we recognize revenue in line with usage in the period). Most of these contracts have an initial term ranging from one to five years, with auto-renewal periods thereafter. Recurring variable revenue was derived entirely from the Financial Services segment for all periods presented.

Non-recurring revenue represents consulting, services, single-document product sales, perpetual license sales and associated services, conferences and events, and advertising. Revenue for services and other non-recurring revenue is recognized upon completion of the associated performance obligation.

The following table presents our revenue by transaction type (in millions):
  2019 2018 2017
Recurring fixed revenue $3,162.4
 $2,861.5
 $2,550.0
Recurring variable revenue 572.9
 506.3
 449.0
Non-recurring revenue 679.3
 641.4
 600.7
Total revenue $4,414.6
 $4,009.2
 $3,599.7
.

Our customer contracts may include multiple performance obligations; for example, we typically sell software licenses with maintenance and other associated services. For these transactions, we recognize revenue based on the estimated standalone selling price to the customer of each performance obligation as each performance obligation is completed.

We record a receivable when a customer is billed or when revenue is recognized prior to billing a customer. Contract assets include unbilled amounts for multi-year customer contracts where payment is not yet due and where services have been

provided up-front but have not yet been billed. Contract assets were approximately $39.8 million as of November 30, 2019 and $29.8 million as of December 1, 2018, and are recorded in accounts receivable, net, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities primarily include our obligations to transfer goods or services for which we have received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. We record our contract liabilities as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides a reconciliation of our contract liabilities as of November 30, 2019 (in millions):
Balance at December 1, 2018 $858.0
Billings 3,470.6
Revenue recognized (3,414.9)
Acquisition and divestiture activity (34.0)
Balance at November 30, 2019 $879.7


Billings represent amounts that were paid in advance or due from customers. Acquisition and divestiture activity represents the addition, reduction, or reclassification of contract liabilities associated with the Agribusiness acquisition; the Technology, Media, & Telecom (“TMT”) market intelligence assets divestiture; and the Aerospace & Defense divestiture, all as described in Note 3.

We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to exceed one year and commensurate commissions are not paid on renewal. Certain sales commission programs are designed to promote the sale of products and services to new customers, and we therefore defer the incremental costs related to these programs over the expected customer life related to those products underlying the contracts. We record these costs as selling, general and administrative expense within the consolidated statements of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Deferred Subscription Costs
Deferred subscription costs represent royalties associated with customer subscriptions. These costs are deferred and amortized to expense over the period of the subscriptions.

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Buildings and improvements 7to30years
Capitalized software 3to7years
Computers and office equipment 3to10years


Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the life of the lease. Maintenance, repairs, and renewals of a minor nature are expensed as incurred. Betterments and major renewals that extend the useful lives of buildings, improvements, and equipment are capitalized. We also capitalize certain software development costs in accordance with ASC 350-40, “Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use” and ASC 985-20, “Software to Be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed.”

We review the carrying amounts of long-lived assets such as property and equipment whenever current events or circumstances indicate their value may be impaired. A long-lived asset with a finite life is considered to be impaired if its carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be derived from it. Any impairment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value, primarily based on estimated discounted cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of assets. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their financial statement carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell.




Leases
In certain circumstances, we enter into leases with free rent periods, tenant improvement allowances, and rent escalations over the term of the lease. In such cases, we calculate the total payments over the term of the lease and record them ratably as rent expense over that term.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill
We account for our business combinations using the purchase method of accounting. We allocate the total cost of an acquisition to the underlying net assets based on their respective estimated fair values. As part of this allocation process, we must identify and attribute values and estimated lives to the intangible assets acquired.

Finite-lived intangible assets
Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective lives, as follows:
Information databases 5to15years
Customer relationships 5to25years
Developed technology 5to15years
Developed computer software 9to10years
Trademarks 3to15years
Other 3to5years


We review the carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets at least annually to determine whether current events or circumstances indicate a triggering event which could require an adjustment to the carrying amount. A finite-lived intangible asset is considered to be impaired if its carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be derived from it. We exercise judgment in selecting the assumptions used in the estimated future undiscounted cash flows analysis. Any impairment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value. We did not identify any impairment in the fiscal years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

Goodwill
We review the carrying amount of goodwill at least annually, or more frequently as required, to determine whether current events or circumstances indicate a triggering event that could require an adjustment to the carrying amount. We test goodwill for impairment on a reporting unit level. A reporting unit is a group of businesses (i) for which discrete financial information is available and (ii) that have similar economic characteristics. We determined that we have six reporting units for 2019. We use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine whether we believe it is more likely than not that goodwill has been impaired. For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, we used a qualitative analysis in determining that no impairment indicators were present.

Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided using tax rates enacted for periods of expected reversal on all temporary differences. Temporary differences relate to differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, principally intangible assets, property and equipment, deferred revenue, pension and other postretirement benefits, accruals, and stock-based compensation. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. To the extent that a determination is made to establish or adjust a valuation allowance, the expense or benefit is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.

Judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. Additionally, the income tax provision is based on calculations and assumptions that are subject to examination by many different tax authorities and to changes in tax law and rates in many jurisdictions. We record tax benefits when it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. We adjust our income tax provision in the period in which it becomes probable that actual results will differ from our estimates.

Pension Accounting
During the fourth quarter of each fiscal year (or upon any other remeasurement date), we immediately recognize net actuarial gains or losses in excess of a corridor in our operating results. The corridor amount is equivalent to 10 percent of the greater of the market-related value of plan assets or the plan’s benefit obligation at the beginning of the year. We use the actual fair value of plan assets at the measurement date as the measure of the market-related value of plan assets.


Treasury Shares
Treasury share purchases, whether through share withholdings for taxes or repurchase programs and transactions, are recorded at cost. Issuances from treasury shares are recorded using the weighted-average cost method.

Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities were exercised or converted into common shares.

Advertising Costs
Production costs are expensed as of the first date that the advertisements take place. Advertising expense was approximately $64.9 million, $59.7 million, and $55.5 million for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and was primarily comprised of advertising for CARFAX.

Foreign Currency
The functional currency of each of our foreign subsidiaries is typically such subsidiary’s local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at weighted-average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Any translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income. Transactions executed in currencies other than a subsidiary’s functional currency (which result in exchange adjustments) are remeasured at spot rates and resulting foreign-exchange-transaction gains and losses are included in the results of operations.

Stock-based Compensation
All stock-based awards are recognized in the income statement based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense is recognized net of estimated forfeitures. We adjust compensation expense in future periods if actual forfeitures differ from our estimates. Our forfeiture rate is based upon historical experience as well as anticipated employee turnover considering certain qualitative factors. We amortize the value of stock-based awards to expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. For awards with performance conditions, we evaluate the probability of the number of shares that are expected to vest, and compensation expense is then adjusted to reflect the number of shares expected to vest and the cumulative vesting period met to date.

Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which requires that lease assets and lease liabilities be recognized on the balance sheet, and that key information about leasing arrangements be disclosed. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which provides targeted improvements to ASU 2016-02 by providing an additional optional transition method and a lessor practical expedient for lease and nonlease components. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020, although early adoption is permitted. We have determined that we will adopt this standard using the modified retrospective approach and will use the transition relief package of practical expedients. We will not adopt the hindsight practical expedient in determining a lease term and impairment of the right-of-use assets at the adoption date. We are currently finalizing our inventory of leasing arrangements that will be subject to the new standard and applying assumptions and processes to use at the transition date and on an ongoing basis. We are still evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, but believe that the most significant impact of adoption will be the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities associated with our operating leases.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, which replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021, although early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, which addresses the accounting for implementation costs associated with a hosted service. The standard provides that implementation costs be evaluated for capitalization using the same criteria as that used for internal-use software development costs, with amortization expense being recorded in the same income statement

expense line as the hosted service costs and over the expected term of the hosting arrangement. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments will be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2022, although early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3.Business Combinations and Divestitures
During the year ended November 30, 2019, we completed the following acquisitions:

Agribusiness Intelligence. In June 2019, we acquired the Agribusiness Intelligence group from Informa plc for approximately $128 million. The acquisition of the Agribusiness Intelligence group helps strengthen our Resources core end-market by building on our existing data, pricing, insights, forecasting, and news services within our Downstream product offerings, and expands our capability into fertilizers and chemical crop protection while expanding our capabilities in biofuels.

We also completed two small acquisitions in 2019. The purchase price allocation for the 2019 acquisitions is preliminary and may change upon completion of the determination of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation, net of acquired cash, for our 2019 acquisitions (in millions):
 Total
Assets: 
Current assets$9.2
Property and equipment0.6
Intangible assets61.5
Goodwill96.0
Total assets$167.3
Liabilities: 
Current liabilities$2.2
Deferred revenue12.2
Deferred taxes9.4
Total liabilities$23.8
Purchase price$143.5


Of the goodwill recorded for the 2019 business combinations, approximately $8.6 million is tax deductible.

During the year ended November 30, 2019, we completed or announced the following divestitures:

Technology, Media & Telecom (“TMT”). On August 1, 2019, we sold the majority of our TMT market intelligence assets portfolio to Informa plc for approximately $150 million. Prior to the sale, the TMT assets were included in our CMS segment. We recognized a gain of approximately $112 million on the sale, which is recorded in other (income) expense, net. The transaction resulted in the divestiture of the following assets and liabilities (in millions):
Current assets$10.3
Property and equipment$0.9
Intangible assets$14.1
Goodwill$33.4
Current liabilities$(0.8)
Deferred revenue$(21.5)



Aerospace & Defense (“A&D”). In September 2019, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our A&D business line to Montagu Private Equity for approximately $470 million. Up to the date of sale, the A&D business line has been included in our Transportation segment. We completed the sale on December 2, 2019. As the transaction closed immediately after our fiscal year-end, we have classified the A&D assets and liabilities as held-for-sale as of November 30, 2019. The following table provides the components of those held-for-sale assets and liabilities (in millions):
Current assets$18.9
Property and equipment4.5
Intangible assets4.2
Goodwill87.7
Total assets held for sale$115.3
  
Current liabilities$(1.1)
Deferred revenue(24.8)
Total liabilities held for sale$(25.9)


During the year ended November 30, 2018, we completed the following acquisitions:

Ipreo. In August 2018, we completed our acquisition of Ipreo, a leading financial services solutions and data provider, for approximately $1.86 billion. Ipreo supports market participants in the capital-raising process, including banks, public and private companies, and institutional and individual investors, as well as research, asset management, and wealth management firms. The acquisition of Ipreo helps us expand our core businesses and provides us with the potential to grow in the alternatives segment with a focus on delivering tools for greater transparency and efficiency. This acquisition is included in our Financial Services segment.

We also completed two small acquisitions in 2018. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation, net of acquired cash, for our 2018 acquisitions (in millions):
 Total
Assets: 
Current assets$98.8
Property and equipment11.8
Intangible assets745.3
Goodwill1,184.9
Other assets5.2
Total assets$2,046.0
Liabilities: 
Current liabilities$35.6
Deferred revenue79.9
Deferred taxes53.4
Total liabilities$168.9
Purchase price$1,877.1


Of the goodwill recorded for the 2018 business combinations, approximately $636.3 million is tax deductible.

During the year ended November 30, 2017, we completed the following acquisitions:

automotiveMastermind Inc. (“aM”). On September 25, 2017, we acquired automotiveMastermind Inc., a leading provider of predictive analytics and marketing automation software for the automotive industry. The purchase price consisted of initial cash consideration of approximately $432 million for 78 percent of aM, which included an estimated $43 million contingent consideration payment based on underlying business performance through January 2018; this amount was paid in the second quarter of 2018. The acquisition of aM helps to fill out our existing automotive offerings by leveraging predictive analytics to improve the buyer experience in the new car dealer market. This acquisition is included in our Transportation segment.

In exchange for the remaining 22 percent of aM, we issued equity interests in aM’s immediate parent holding company to aM’s founders and certain employees. We will pay cash to acquire these interests over the five years post-acquisition based on put/call provisions that tie the valuation to the underlying adjusted EBITDA performance of aM. Since the purchase of the remaining 22 percent of the business requires continued service of the founders and employees, we are accounting for the arrangement as compensation expense that is remeasured based on changes in the fair value of the equity interests. We have classified this expense as acquisition-related costs within the consolidated statements of operations and we have classified the associated accrued liability within other accrued expenses and other liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. In November 2019, the option holders exercised 62.5 percent of their remaining 22 percent for $75.9 million, which was paid in December 2019, and we estimate the compensation expense associated with the remaining equity interests to be approximately $70 to $75 million, of which approximately $30.2 million had been recognized as of November 30, 2019, with the remaining amount to be recognized through September 2022.

We also completed one small acquisition in 2017. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation, net of acquired cash, for our 2017 acquisitions (in millions):
  Total
Assets:  
Current assets $7.3
Property and equipment 1.1
Intangible assets 113.8
Goodwill 363.0
Other long-term assets 0.9
Total assets $486.1
Liabilities:  
Current liabilities $4.4
Deferred revenue 1.4
Deferred taxes 36.2
Total liabilities $42.0
Purchase price $444.1


Of the goodwill recorded for the 2017 business combinations, approximately $8.4 million is tax deductible.

4.Accounts Receivable

Our accounts receivable balance consists of the following as of November 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):

  2019 2018
Accounts receivable $916.3
 $823.3
Less: Accounts receivable allowance (25.6) (30.4)
Accounts receivable, net $890.7
 $792.9


We record an accounts receivable allowance when it is probable that the accounts receivable balance will not be collected. The amounts comprising the allowance are based upon management’s estimates and historical collection trends. The activity in our accounts receivable allowance consists of the following for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively (in millions):

  2019 2018 2017
Balance at beginning of year $30.4
 $23.2
 $16.0
Provision for bad debts 14.9
 15.6
 13.9
Other additions 4.6
 7.9
 2.9
Write-offs and other deductions (24.3) (16.3) (9.6)
Balance at end of year $25.6
 $30.4
 $23.2


5.Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following as of November 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
  2019 2018
Land, buildings and improvements $181.1
 $208.0
Capitalized software 1,019.5
 822.2
Computers and office equipment 378.4
 334.0
Property and equipment, gross 1,579.0
 1,364.2
Less: Accumulated depreciation (920.8) (784.6)
Property and equipment, net $658.2
 $579.6


Depreciation expense was $196.1 million, $175.1 million, and $157.0 million for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

6.Intangible Assets

The following table presents details of our acquired intangible assets, other than goodwill (in millions):
 As of November 30, 2019 As of November 30, 2018
 Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Gross 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:           
Customer relationships$3,476.1
 $(628.7) $2,847.4
 $3,458.8
 $(473.3) $2,985.5
Developed technology949.6
 (208.9) 740.7
 928.8
 (133.1) 795.7
Information databases591.6
 (310.9) 280.7
 671.0
 (329.6) 341.4
Trademarks487.0
 (203.0) 284.0
 493.8
 (153.6) 340.2
Developed computer software76.3
 (62.9) 13.4
 85.0
 (63.0) 22.0
Other4.1
 (1.3) 2.8
 1.1
 (1.1) 
Total intangible assets$5,584.7
 $(1,415.7) $4,169.0
 $5,638.5
 $(1,153.7) $4,484.8


Intangible asset amortization expense was $377.0 million, $366.1 million, and $335.5 million for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of November 30, 2019 is as follows (in millions):
Year Amount
2020 $374.4
2021 $369.5
2022 $352.6
2023 $340.3
2024 $321.6
Thereafter $2,410.6



Changes in our goodwill and gross intangible assets from November 30, 2018 to November 30, 2019 were primarily the result of our recent acquisition and divestiture activities, as described in Note 3, as well as foreign currency translation effects. The change in net intangible assets was primarily due to current year amortization, as well as recent acquisition and divestiture activities. Goodwill, gross intangible assets, and net intangible assets were all subject to foreign currency translation effects.

7.Derivatives

Our business is exposed to various market risks, including interest rate and foreign currency risks. We utilize derivative instruments to help us manage these risks. We do not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Swaps

To mitigate interest rate exposure on our outstanding revolving facility debt, we utilize interest rate derivative contracts that effectively swap $400 million of floating rate debt at a 2.86 percent weighted-average fixed interest rate, plus the applicable spread on our floating rate debt. We entered into these swap contracts in November 2013 and January 2014, and the contracts expire between May and November 2020.

Because the terms of these swaps and the variable rate debt (as amended or extended over time) coincide, we do not expect any ineffectiveness. We have designated and accounted for these instruments as cash flow hedges, with changes in fair value being deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss (“AOCI”) in our consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currency Forwards

To mitigate foreign currency exposure, we utilize short-term foreign currency forward contracts that manage market risks associated with fluctuations in balances that are denominated in currencies other than the local functional currency. We account for these forward contracts at fair value and recognize the associated realized and unrealized gains and losses in other expense (income), net, on the consolidated statements of operations, since we have not designated these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. The notional amount of these outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was $695.0 million and $500.1 million as of November 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Fair Value of Derivatives

Since our derivative instruments are not listed on an exchange, we have evaluated fair value by reference to similar transactions in active markets; consequently, we have classified all of our derivative instruments within Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy. As of November 30, 2019 and 2018, we had assets of $3.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which were classified within other current assets, and we had liabilities of $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively, which were classified within other accrued expenses and other liabilities.


8.Debt

The following table summarizes total indebtedness as of November 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
    November 30, 2019 November 30, 2018
  Maturity Date Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
Credit Facilities:          
2019 revolving facility November 2024 237.0
 237.0
 
 
2018 revolving facility   
 
 1,108.0
 1,108.0
2019 credit agreement September 2020 250.0
 250.0
 
 
2018 credit agreement   
 
 250.0
 250.0
2018 term loan:          
Tranche A-1   
 
 574.0
 574.0
Tranche A-2   
 
 481.3
 481.3
Senior Unsecured Notes:          
5% senior notes due 2022 November 1, 2022 748.2
 798.2
 750.0
 764.6
4.125% senior notes due 2023 August 1, 2023 498.9
 528.8
 498.6
 494.7
3.625% senior notes due 2024 May 1, 2024 398.9
 416.4
 
 
4.75% senior notes due 2025 February 15, 2025 811.8
 873.6
 813.8
 794.3
4.00% senior notes due 2026 March 1, 2026 500.0
 530.2
 500.0
 471.5
4.75% senior notes due 2028 August 1, 2028 747.6
 838.4
 747.3
 731.3
4.25% senior notes due 2029 May 1, 2029 974.2
 1,026.7
 
 
Debt issuance costs   (47.7)   (51.2)  
Capital leases   6.6
   7.3
  
Total debt   $5,125.5
   $5,679.1
  
Current portion   (251.1)   (789.9)  
Total long-term debt   $4,874.4
   $4,889.2
  

2019 revolving facility. On November 29, 2019, we terminated the 2018 revolving facility and entered into a new $1.25 billion senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (“2019 revolving facility”). Subject to certain conditions, the 2019 revolving facility may be expanded by up to an aggregate of $750 million in additional commitments. Borrowings under the 2019 revolving facility mature in November 2024. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2019 revolving facility are the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 1.00 percent to 1.625 percent, depending upon our corporate credit rating. A commitment fee on any unused balance is payable periodically and ranges from 0.10 percent to 0.25 percent based upon our corporate credit rating. As a result of the termination of the 2018 revolving facility, the outstanding letters of credit under that facility were transferred to the 2019 revolving facility. We had approximately $1.2 million of outstanding letters of credit under the 2019 revolving facility as of November 30, 2019, which reduced the available borrowing under the facility by an equivalent amount.

2018 revolving facility. On June 25, 2018, we entered into a $2.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (“2018 revolving facility”). Borrowings under the 2018 revolving facility were set to mature in June 2023. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2018 revolving facility were the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 1.00 percent to 1.75 percent, depending upon our corporate credit rating. A commitment fee on any unused balance was payable periodically and ranged from 0.125 percent to 0.30 percent based upon our corporate credit rating.

2019 credit agreement. In September 2019, we entered into a 364-day credit agreement (the “2019 credit agreement”) for a term loan credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million. The interest rate for borrowing under the 2019 credit agreement is the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 0.75 percent.

2018 credit agreement. On June 25, 2018, we entered into a 364-day credit agreement (the “2018 credit agreement”) for a term loan credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.855 billion, which became available to be borrowed upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent, including the concurrent completion of our acquisition of Ipreo. On August 2, 2018, concurrent with the completion of our acquisition of Ipreo, we borrowed $250.0 million under the 2018 credit agreement. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2018 credit agreement were the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 1.00 percent to

1.75 percent, depending upon our corporate credit rating. On January 7, 2019, we repaid the 2018 credit agreement using cash on hand and borrowings under the 2018 revolving credit facility.

2018 term loan. Coincident with entering into the 2018 revolving facility, we entered into a new senior unsecured amortizing term loan agreement (“2018 term loan”). The 2018 term loan had a final maturity date of July 2021, but we repaid both tranches of the 2018 term loan in April 2019 using proceeds from our April 2019 debt offering and borrowings under the 2018 revolving facility. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2018 term loan were the same as those under the 2018 revolving facility.

All of the revolving facilities, credit agreements, and term loan are or were subject to certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, which is defined as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, as such terms are defined in the agreements.

As of November 30, 2019, we had approximately $237.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the 2019 revolving facility at a current annual interest rate of 2.95 percent and approximately $250.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the 2019 credit agreement at a current weighted average annual interest rate of 2.52 percent.

Senior Unsecured Notes. All of our senior unsecured notes (“Senior Notes”) are unsecured and bear interest at a fixed rate payable semiannually. The Senior Notes were issued in registered offerings under the Securities Act or in offerings not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and all the Senior Notes have been admitted for trading to the official list of The International Stock Exchange in the Channel Islands. The indentures governing the Senior Notes all provide that, at the option of the respective holders of the Senior Notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of such Senior Notes upon occurrence of a change of control triggering event as defined in the respective indentures indenture, at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. All the indentures also contain (i) covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur or create liens and enter into sale and leaseback transactions, (ii) covenants that limit our ability to consolidate or merge with another entity or to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity, and (iii) customary default provisions.

As of November 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. We have classified short-term debt based on scheduled loan payments and intended repayments on our revolving facility based on expected cash availability over the next 12 months.

The carrying value of our variable rate debt instruments approximate their fair value because of the variable interest rates associated with those instruments. The fair values of the senior notes were measured using observable inputs in markets that are not active; consequently, we have classified those notes within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Maturities of outstanding borrowings under the revolving facility, credit agreement, and senior notes as of November 30, 2019 are as follows (in millions):
Year Amount
2020 $250.0
2021 
2022 748.0
2023 500.0
2024 637.0
Thereafter 3,000.0
  $5,135.0


9.Acquisition-Related Costs

During 2019, we incurred approximately $70.3 million in costs associated with acquisitions and divestitures, of which $41.5 million was performance compensation expense related to the aM acquisition described in Note 3, and the remainder was associated with employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, and legal and professional fees. Approximately $4.4 million of the total charge was allocated to shared services, with $11.8 million of the charge recorded in the Financial Services segment, $4.5 million in the Resources segment, $48.4 million in the Transportation segment, and the remainder in the CMS segment.


During 2018, we incurred approximately $134.8 million in costs associated with acquisitions, including performance compensation expense related to the aM acquisition described in Note 3, employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, and legal and professional fees. Approximately $19.4 million of the total charge was allocated to shared services, with $49.2 million of the charge recorded in the Financial Services segment, $3.5 million in the Resources segment, $59.0 million in the Transportation segment, and $3.7 million in the CMS segment.

During 2017, we incurred approximately $113.0 million in costs associated with acquisitions, including employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, legal and professional fees, and performance compensation expense related to the aM acquisition described in Note 3. We eliminated 378 positions in 2017 related to integration efforts associated with the Merger. Approximately $53.9 million of the total charge was allocated to shared services, with $31.3 million of the charge recorded in the Financial Services segment, $11.1 million in the Resources segment, $12.8 million in the Transportation segment, and $3.9 million in the CMS segment.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the acquisition-related costs accrued liability as of November 30, 2019 (in millions):
 
Employee
Severance and
Other
Termination
Benefits
 
Contract
Termination
Costs
 Performance Compensation and Other Total
Balance at November 30, 2016$24.7
 $8.6
 $16.7
 $50.0
Add: Costs incurred53.6
 18.1
 34.0
 105.7
Revision to prior estimates(3.0) 10.4
 (0.1) 7.3
Less: Amount paid(61.4) (19.5) (26.9) (107.8)
Balance at November 30, 2017$13.9
 $17.6
 $23.7
 $55.2
Add: Costs incurred25.2
 19.8
 88.3
 133.3
Revision to prior estimates
 2.1
 (0.6) 1.5
Less: Amount paid(36.6) (22.7) (42.7) (102.0)
Balance at November 30, 2018$2.5
 $16.8
 $68.7
 $88.0
Add: Costs incurred4.3
 0.4
 68.0
 72.7
Revision to prior estimates
 (0.1) (2.3) (2.4)
Less: Amount paid(6.8) (10.9) (19.8) (37.5)
Balance at November 30, 2019$
 $6.2
 $114.6
 $120.8


As of November 30, 2019, the $120.8 million remaining liability was primarily in the Transportation and Financial Services segments. Approximately $106.1 million of the remaining liability in the Other category is associated with the aM acquisition-related performance compensation liability, of which approximately $75.9 million was paid in December 2019 as a result of the option exercise described in Note 3. We expect that substantially all of the remaining acquisition-related costs accrued liability will be paid in 2020 except for the long-term portion of the aM performance compensation liability, which was approximately $30.2 million as of November 30, 2019.

10.Income Taxes

The amounts of income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of equity method investees for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, is as follows (in millions):

 2019 2018 2017
U.K.$(33.7) $75.8
 $(67.0)
U.S.206.1
 (167.5) 28.7
Foreign570.5
 516.0
 410.4
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of equity method investees$742.9
 $424.3
 $372.1



The provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, is as follows (in millions):

 2019 2018 2017
Current:     
U.K.$52.1
 $12.1
 $0.4
U.S.185.8
 24.4
 (0.5)
Foreign54.3
 59.8
 50.3
Total current292.2
 96.3
 50.2
Deferred:     
U.K.(70.6) (21.1) (25.7)
U.S.21.5
 (155.9) (35.3)
Foreign(0.5) (34.7) (39.1)
Total deferred(49.6) (211.7) (100.1)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$242.6
 $(115.4) $(49.9)


The following table presents the reconciliation of the benefit for income taxes between the U.K. rate and our effective tax rate for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively (in millions):
 2019 2018 2017
Statutory tax at U.K. rate (19%, 19% and 19.3%, respectively)$141.1
 $80.6
 $71.9
Foreign rate differential(53.8) (38.9) (45.5)
Stock-based compensation(43.7) (39.2) (61.2)
Tax law change179.6
 (178.3) 1.2
Transition tax
 31.4
 
Valuation allowance4.2
 5.5
 (32.6)
Transaction costs8.7
 13.0
 4.5
Uncertain tax positions5.4
 1.1
 2.5
Other1.1
 9.4
 9.3
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$242.6
 $(115.4) $(49.9)
Effective tax rate expressed as a percentage of pre-tax earnings32.7% (27.2)% (13.4)%


The tax law change and transition tax amounts for 2019 and 2018 in the above table primarily relate to the tax effect of U.S. tax reform enacted in fiscal year 2018 and subsequent tax regulations issued during fiscal year 2019, retroactive to fiscal year 2018, as further described below.

In December 2017, a law commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted in the United States. The TCJA enacted significant changes affecting our fiscal year 2018, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21 percent and (2) imposing a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies that had not been previously taxed in the U.S.

The TJCA also established new tax provisions affecting our fiscal year 2019 and future years, including, but not limited to, (1) creating a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”), which we account for using the period cost method; (2) generally eliminating U.S. federal taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (3) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”); (4) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”); (5) establishing a deduction for foreign derived intangible income ("FDII"); (6) repealing domestic production activity deduction; and (7) establishing new limitations on deductible interest expense and certain executive compensation.

On June 14, 2019, the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service released final temporary regulations related to the TCJA (“temporary tax regulations”) related to the foreign dividends received deduction and global

intangible low-taxed income. The temporary tax regulations contained language that modified certain provisions of the TCJA and previously issued guidance. The temporary tax regulations are effective retroactive to our 2018 tax year and purport to cause certain intercompany transactions we engaged in during 2018 to produce taxable income as “subpart F income” for our U.S. subsidiary.

We have not provided a deferred tax liability on approximately $4.7 billion of temporary differences related to investments in foreign subsidiaries that are essentially permanent in duration. This amount includes $2.8 billion of U.S. earnings and $1.9 billion of non-U.S. earnings at November 30, 2019. Those earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested, and do not include earnings from certain subsidiaries which are considered distributed. Accordingly, no provision has been provided for those earnings. If we were to repatriate those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, we would be subject to income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to the various countries. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability is not practicable due to the complexity associated with the hypothetical calculation.

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of November 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in millions):
 2019 2018
Deferred tax assets:   
Deferred stock-based compensation$59.7
 $67.1
Interest carryforward116.8
 30.5
Loss and other carryforwards57.3
 111.8
Other80.2
 100.3
Gross deferred tax assets314.0
 309.7
Valuation allowance(16.3) (22.4)
Realizable deferred tax assets297.7
 287.3
Deferred tax liabilities:   
Property and equipment(63.8) (57.5)
Intangible assets(850.8) (877.7)
Other(32.5) (37.4)
Gross deferred tax liabilities(947.1) (972.6)
Net deferred tax liability$(649.4) $(685.3)


A significant portion of the net deferred tax liability included above relates to the tax effect of the step-up in value of intangible assets as a result of the Merger.

As of November 30, 2019, we had loss carryforwards for tax purposes totaling approximately $250.8 million, comprising $80.6 million of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards, $96.1 million of U.K. net operating loss carryforwards, and $74.1 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards. If not used, the U.S. net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2020 and the U.K. and foreign net operating loss carryforwards generally may be carried forward indefinitely. We have analyzed the net operating losses and placed valuation allowances on those where we have determined the realization is not more likely than not to occur.

The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets decreased by $6.1 million in 2019. The decrease is primarily due to changes in loss carryovers in non-U.S. tax jurisdictions.
We have provided what we believe to be an appropriate amount of tax for items that involve interpretation of the tax law. However, events may occur in the future that will cause us to reevaluate our current reserves and may result in an adjustment to the reserve for taxes.


A summary of the activities associated with our reserve for unrecognized tax benefits, interest, and penalties follows (in millions):
 Unrecognized Tax Benefits Interest and Penalties
Balance at November 30, 2018$11.5
 $1.8
Additions:   
Current year tax positions8.6
 0.7
Prior year tax positions2.5
 1.0
Decreases:   
Lapse of statute of limitations(0.6) 
Prior year tax positions(0.2) (0.2)
Balance at November 30, 2019$21.8
 $3.3


As of November 30, 2019, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $25.1 million, of which $3.3 million related to interest and penalties. We include accrued interest and accrued penalties related to amounts accrued for unrecognized tax benefits in our provision for income taxes. The entire amount of unrecognized benefits at November 30, 2019 may affect the annual effective tax rate if the benefits are eventually recognized.

It is reasonably possible that we will experience a $2.0 million decrease in the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. We would experience this decrease in relation to uncertainties associated with the expiration of applicable statutes of limitation.

We and our subsidiaries file federal, state, and local income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions around the world. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

11.Pensions and Postretirement Benefits

Defined Benefit Plans

We sponsor the following defined benefit plans:

A frozen, non-contributory defined-benefit retirement plan (the “U.S. RIP”) for certain of our U.S. employees. In connection with this plan, we also sponsor a frozen, unfunded Supplemental Income Plan (“SIP”), which is a non-qualified pension plan, for certain U.S. employees who earn over a federally stipulated amount. We terminated both of these plans in December 2018 and have begun final distribution procedures for each plan, which we expect to complete by mid-2020.
A frozen defined-benefit pension plan (the “U.K. RIP”) that covers certain employees of a subsidiary based in the United Kingdom. We have taken initial steps to terminate this plan and expect to complete the termination by the end of 2020.

Benefits for all three plans are generally based on years of service and either average or cumulative base compensation, depending on the plan. Plan funding strategies are influenced by employee benefit laws and tax laws. The U.K. RIP includes a provision for employee contributions and inflation-based benefit increases for retirees.

We have applied pension termination accounting to the U.S. RIP and SIP for 2019, and we expect that all benefit payments, including a premium to transfer annuity liability to a third party, will be paid out during 2020.


Our net periodic pension expense for the pension plans consisted of the following (in millions):
 Year Ended November 30,
 2019 2018 2017
Service costs incurred$1.5
 $1.7
 $1.6
Interest costs on projected benefit obligation7.6
 7.4
 7.7
Expected return on plan assets(8.3) (8.4) (8.2)
Settlements0.9
 0.8
 0.5
Fourth quarter expense recognition of actuarial loss in excess of corridor1.1
 
 4.9
Net periodic pension expense$2.8
 $1.5
 $6.5
      


The changes in the projected benefit obligation, plan assets, and the funded status of the pension plans were as follows (in millions):
  2019 2018
Change in projected benefit obligation:    
Net benefit obligation, beginning of year $192.8
 $222.2
Service costs incurred 1.5
 1.7
Interest costs on projected benefit obligation 7.6
 7.4
Actuarial loss (gain) 36.4
 (18.8)
Gross benefits paid (14.1) (16.5)
Foreign currency exchange rate change 0.8
 (3.2)
Net benefit obligation, end of year $225.0
 $192.8
Change in plan assets:    
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year $175.4
 $198.8
Actual return on plan assets 35.3
 (5.7)
Employer contributions 2.0
 1.9
Gross benefits paid (14.1) (16.5)
Foreign currency exchange rate change 0.8
 (3.1)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year $199.4
 $175.4
Funded status (underfunded) $(25.6) $(17.4)
     
Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income not yet recognized as components of net periodic pension and postretirement expense, pretax    
Net actuarial loss $20.0
 $12.6


The net underfunded status of the plans is recorded in other accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Any future reclassification of actuarial loss from AOCI to income would only be recognized if the cumulative actuarial loss exceeds the corridor or upon settlement, and the reclassification would be recognized as a fourth quarter mark-to-market adjustment or as a settlement.

Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income related to net pension liability are recorded in net periodic pension and postretirement expense.

Pension expense is actuarially calculated annually based on data available at the beginning of each year. We determine the expected return on plan assets by multiplying the expected long-term rate of return on assets by the market-related value of plan assets. The market-related value of plan assets is the fair value of plan assets. Assumptions used in the actuarial calculation include the discount rate selected and disclosed at the end of the previous year as well as the expected rate of return on assets detailed in the table below, as of the years ended November 30, 2019 and 2018:

 U.S. RIP U.K. RIP
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Weighted-average assumptions as of year-end       
Discount rate1.60% 4.50% 1.90% 2.90%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets1.60% 5.00% 3.90% 4.60%


Fair Value of Pension Assets

Due to the expected 2020 distribution of pension assets associated with plan termination, as of November 30, 2019, the U.S. RIP plan assets consist primarily of fixed-income securities and cash. In 2018, the U.S. RIP plan assets consisted primarily of fixed-income securities, with a moderate amount of equity securities. As of November 30, 2019, the U.K. RIP plan assets consist of fixed-income securities, equity securities, and cash, compared to 2018, when the U.K. RIP plan assets comprised primarily equity securities, with smaller holdings of bonds and other assets. Equity assets are diversified between international and domestic investments, with additional diversification in the domestic category through allocations to large-cap, mid-cap, and growth and value investments.

The U.S. RIP’s historical investment policy sought to align the expected rate of return with the discount rate, while allowing for some equity variability to allow for upside market potential that would strengthen the overall asset position of the plan; as a result of the upcoming asset distribution, the equity portion of the assets has been largely liquidated and is now held in cash. The U.K. RIP’s established investment policy is to match the liabilities for active and deferred members with equity investments and match the liabilities for pensioner members with fixed-income investments. The increased cash position in the U.K. RIP as of November 30, 2019, was to fund enhanced transfer value payments in early 2020.

All of our pension plan assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by reference to similar assets in active markets and are therefore classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Plan assets as of November 30, 2019 and 2018 were classified in the following categories (in millions):
  2019 2018
Interest-bearing cash $60.4
 $5.6
Collective trust funds:    
Fixed income funds 112.7
 113.9
Equity funds 26.3
 55.9
  $199.4
 $175.4


Postretirement Benefits

During the third quarter of 2018, we terminated our contributory postretirement medical plan, which resulted in a $7.1 million curtailment gain associated with the reduction in postretirement benefit liability.

Defined Contribution Plans

Employees of certain subsidiaries may participate in defined contribution plans, and we provide matching contributions as part of the plans. Benefit expense relating to these plans was approximately $26.8 million, $21.1 million, and $24.8 million for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

12.Stock-based Compensation

The 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (“2014 Equity Plan”) provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares, cash-based awards, other share-based awards, and covered employee annual incentive awards. Upon vesting of an award, we may either issue new shares or reissue treasury shares. As of November 30, 2019, we have an authorized maximum of 37.2 million shares under the 2014 Equity Plan, and that amount will be increased by (a) the number of shares granted and outstanding under the Key Employee Incentive Program, the 2013 Share Option Plan, and the 2014 Share Option Plan as of June 24, 2014 that terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation or otherwise without the issuance of our common shares, and (b) on January 1 of each year through January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to the lesser of: (x) 2.5 percent of the total number of IHS Markit’s common shares issued and outstanding on a fully diluted basis as of December 31 of the immediately

preceding calendar year and (y) such number of common shares determined by our Board of Directors. As of November 30, 2019, 17.5 million shares were available for future grant under the 2014 Equity Plan.

Total unrecognized compensation expense related to all nonvested awards was $205.7 million as of November 30, 2019, with a weighted-average recognition period of approximately 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”). RSUs and RSAs typically vest from one to three years and are generally subject to either cliff vesting or graded vesting. RSUs and RSAs do not have nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents. The fair value of RSUs and RSAs is typically based on the fair value of our common shares on the date of grant, and in the case of performance-based RSUs, the fair value also includes a component for a relative total shareholder return market condition. We amortize the value of these awards to expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. For performance-based RSUs, an evaluation is made each quarter about the likelihood that the performance criteria will be met. As the number of performance-based RSUs expected to vest increases or decreases, compensation expense is also adjusted up or down to reflect the number expected to vest and the cumulative vesting period met to date.
The following table summarizes RSU/RSA activity for the year ended November 30, 2019:
 Shares Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 (in millions)  
Balance at November 30, 20188.8
 $41.77
Granted3.9
 $52.60
Vested(3.9) $39.82
Forfeited(0.6) $48.55
Balance at November 30, 20198.2
 $47.41


The weighted-average grant date fair value for awards granted during the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $52.60, $48.24, and $40.50, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $211.2 million, $259.5 million, and $235.9 million, respectively.
Stock Options. Stock options under the 2014 Equity Plan generally vest over one to three years, and expire seven years from the date of grant. We issue treasury shares in satisfaction of all stock option exercises. The following table summarizes stock option award activity through November 30, 2019, as well as stock options that are vested and expected to vest and stock options exercisable as of November 30, 2019:
 Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 (in millions)   (in years) (in millions)
Balance at November 30, 201815.7
 $26.61
    
Exercised(6.7) $26.34
    
Forfeited
 $
    
Balance at November 30, 20199.0
 $26.81
 0.9 412.8
Vested and expected to vest at November 30, 20199.0
 $26.81
 0.9 412.6
Exercisable at November 30, 20198.6
 $26.74
 0.8 395.4

The aggregate intrinsic value amounts in the table above represent the difference between the closing price of our common shares on November 30, 2019 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options as of that date. This represents the value that would have been received by stock option holders if they had all exercised their stock options on November 30, 2019. In future periods, this amount will change depending on fluctuations in our share price. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was approximately $238.6 million, $248.2 million, and $275.1 million, respectively.


Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, was as follows (in millions):
  2019 2018 2017
       
Cost of revenue $64.9
 $70.0
 $76.3
Selling, general and administrative 158.9
 171.7
 185.6
Total stock-based compensation expense $223.8
 $241.7
 $261.9


Total income tax benefits recognized for stock-based compensation arrangements were as follows (in millions):
  2019 2018 2017
Income tax benefits $96.2
 $106.2
 $72.3


No stock-based compensation cost was capitalized during the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, or 2017.

13.Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Rental charges in 2019, 2018, and 2017 approximated $66.1 million, $65.0 million and $65.6 million, respectively. Minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases in effect at November 30, 2019, are as follows:

Year Amount (in millions)
2020 $63.2
2021 59.4
2022 48.8
2023 41.7
2024 39.5
Thereafter 159.4
  $412.0


We also had outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees in the aggregate amount of approximately $10.6 million and $10.4 million at November 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, we are party to a variety of agreements under which we may be obligated to indemnify the other party for certain matters. These obligations typically arise in contracts where we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants for certain matters such as title to assets and intellectual property rights associated with the sale of products. We also have indemnification obligations to our officers and directors. The duration of these indemnifications varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite. In each of these circumstances, payment by us depends upon the other party making an adverse claim according to the procedures outlined in the particular agreement, which procedures generally allow us to challenge the other party’s claims. In certain instances, we may have recourse against third parties for payments that we make.

We are unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances of each agreement and the fact that certain indemnifications provide for no limitation to the maximum potential future payments under the indemnification. We have not recorded any liability for these indemnifications in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets; however, we accrue losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when the obligation is both probable and reasonably estimable.

Litigation


From time to time, in the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in various legal, regulatory or administrative proceedings, lawsuits, government investigations, and other claims, including employment, commercial, intellectual property, and environmental, safety, and health matters. In addition, we may receive routine requests for information from governmental agencies in connection with their regulatory or investigatory authority. We review such proceedings, lawsuits, investigations, claims, and requests for information and take appropriate action as necessary. At the present time, we can give no assurance as to the outcome of any such pending proceedings, lawsuits, investigations, claims, or requests for information and we are unable to determine the ultimate resolution of or provide a reasonable estimate of the range of possible loss attributable to these matters or the effect they may have on us. However, we do not expect the outcome of such proceedings, lawsuits, claims, or requests for information to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. We have and will continue to vigorously defend ourselves in all matters.

14.Common Shares and Earnings per Share

Weighted average common shares outstanding for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, were calculated as follows (in millions):
  2019 2018 2017
Weighted-average shares outstanding:      
Shares used in basic EPS calculation 399.5
 394.4
 400.3
Effect of dilutive securities:      
RSUs/RSAs 2.9
 3.4
 5.0
Stock options 6.8
 9.1
 10.9
Shares used in diluted EPS calculation 409.2
 406.9
 416.2


Share Repurchase Programs

In October 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $2.5 billion of IHS Markit common shares from October 17, 2019 through November 30, 2021, to be funded using our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and future cash flows, or through the incurrence of short- or long-term indebtedness, at management’s discretion. This new program replaced the previous share repurchase program that was originally set to terminate on November 30, 2019, but was early terminated by our Board of Directors. This October 2019 share repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any set dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. Under the repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase our common shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions, or through accelerated repurchase agreements, subject to availability of common shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements, at management’s discretion. As of November 30, 2019, we had $2.5 billion remaining available to repurchase under the program.

In August 2016, our Board of Directors separately and additionally authorized, subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the repurchase of our common shares surrendered by employees in an amount equal to the exercise price, if applicable, and statutory tax liability associated with the vesting of their equity awards, for which we pay the statutory tax on behalf of the employee and forgo receipt of the exercise price of the award from the employee, if applicable.

In July 2019, we entered into and funded a $200 million accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a scheduled termination date in August 2019. Upon funding of the ASR, we received an initial delivery of 2.478 million shares. At the completion of the ASR in August 2019, we received an additional 0.637 million shares.

In September 2019, we funded a $300 million ASR agreement with a scheduled termination date in the fourth quarter of 2019. Upon funding of the ASR, we received an initial delivery of 3.658 million shares. At the completion of the ASR in November 2019, we received an additional 0.794 million shares.

In December 2019, we funded a $500 million ASR agreement with a scheduled termination date in the first quarter of 2020. Upon funding of the ASR, we received an initial delivery of 5.547 million shares. The total number of shares ultimately to be repurchased under the ASR will generally be based on the daily volume-weighted average price of the shares during the calculation period for the ASR, less an agreed discount. At final settlement of the ASR, we may be entitled to receive additional shares, or, under certain limited circumstances, be required to deliver shares to the relevant ASR counterparty.


Employee Benefit Trust (“EBT”) Shares

We have approximately 25.2 million outstanding common shares that are held by the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust. The trust is under our control using the variable interest entity model criteria; consequently, we have consolidated and classified the trust shares as treasury shares within our consolidated balance sheets.

15.Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI consists of foreign currency translation adjustments, net pension and postretirement liability adjustments, and net gain (loss) on hedging activities. Each item is reported net of the related income tax effect. The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component, net of tax, for the year ended November 30, 2019 (in millions):
  Foreign currency translation Net pension and postretirement liability Unrealized losses on hedging activities Total
Balance at November 30, 2016 $(413.9) $(14.4) $(10.5) $(438.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 345.8
 (0.1) 1.0
 346.7
Reclassifications from AOCI to income 
 1.5
 5.6
 7.1
Balance at November 30, 2017 $(68.1) $(13.0) $(3.9) $(85.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (220.4) 3.6
 4.8
 (212.0)
Reclassifications from AOCI to income 
 1.2
 2.8
 4.0
Reclassifications from AOCI to retained earnings 
 (1.7) (4.2) (5.9)
Balance at November 30, 2018 $(288.5) $(9.9) $(0.5) $(298.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 46.2
 (7.1) (4.4) 34.7
Reclassifications from AOCI to income 
 1.4
 1.2
 2.6
Balance at November 30, 2019 $(242.3) $(15.6) $(3.7) $(261.6)


Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income related to net pension and postretirement liability are recorded in net periodic pension and postretirement expense.

16.Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Net cash provided by operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as shown below, for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively (in millions):
  2019 2018 2017
Interest paid $244.4
 $188.5
 $137.2
Income tax payments, net $191.2
 $64.1
 $59.3


Interest paid during 2018 and 2019 increased primarily due to a higher average debt balance as a result of acquisitions and share repurchases, a higher effective interest rate due to an increased amount of fixed-rate debt, and higher short-term interest rates. Income tax payments in 2019 increased primarily due to the impact of U.S. tax regulations that were retroactive to 2018.

Cash and cash equivalents amounting to approximately $111.5 million and $120.0 million reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at November 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are maintained primarily in U.S. Dollars, Indian Rupee, Chinese Yuan, and Canadian Dollars.

17.Segment Information

Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Our CODM reviews operating results at the Financial Services, Resources, Transportation, and Consolidated Markets & Solutions (“CMS”) segment level when determining how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM evaluates segment performance based primarily on revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA, divided by revenue.as described below. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2).


No single customer accounted for 10 percent or more of our total revenue for the years ended November 30, 2019, 2018, or 2017. There are 0 material inter-segment revenues for any period presented. Our shared services function includes corporate transactions that are not allocated to the reportable segments, including net periodic pension and postretirement expense, as well as certain corporate functions such as investor relations, procurement, corporate development, and portions of finance, legal, and marketing.

We evaluate segment operating performance at the Adjusted EBITDA level for each of our segments. We define Adjusted EPS as Adjusted Net Income divided by diluted weighted average shares. Adjusted Net Income is definedEBITDA as net income plus primarily non-cash itemsor minus net interest, provision for income taxes, depreciation and other items that management does not consider to be useful in assessing our operating performance (e.g.,amortization, stock-based compensation expense, amortization related to acquired intangible assets, restructuring charges, acquisition-related costs acquisition financing fees,and performance compensation, exceptional litigation, net other gains and losses, pension mark-to-market, settlement, and settlementother expense, the impact of joint ventures and noncontrolling interests, and discontinued operations. Information about the operations all netof our four segments is set forth below (in millions).
 Year ended November 30,
 2019 2018 2017
Revenue     
Financial Services$1,701.5
 $1,419.7
 $1,232.9
Transportation1,246.1
 1,160.2
 991.6
Resources933.8
 876.5
 839.3
CMS533.2
 552.8
 535.9
Total revenue$4,414.6
 $4,009.2
 $3,599.7
      
Adjusted EBITDA     
Financial Services$786.2
 $636.9
 $553.7
Transportation520.9
 479.3
 408.6
Resources403.5
 369.4
 360.2
CMS121.1
 127.4
 125.2
Shared services(52.8) (48.1) (57.8)
Total Adjusted EBITDA$1,778.9
 $1,564.9
 $1,389.9
      
Reconciliation to the consolidated statements of operations:     
Interest income1.9
 3.1
 2.2
Interest expense(259.7) (225.7) (154.3)
(Provision) Benefit for income taxes(242.6) 115.4
 49.9
Depreciation(196.1) (175.1) (157.0)
Amortization related to acquired intangible assets(377.0) (366.1) (335.5)
Stock-based compensation expense(223.8) (241.7) (261.9)
Restructuring charges(17.3) (1.7) 
Acquisition-related costs(28.8) (80.7) (103.1)
Acquisition-related performance compensation(41.5) (54.1) (9.9)
Loss on debt extinguishment(7.0) (4.7) 
Gain on sale of assets115.3
 
 
Pension mark-to-market and settlement (expense) gain(1.8) 6.5
 (5.4)
Share of joint venture results not attributable to Adjusted EBITDA(0.9) (0.5) 1.2
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest3.1
 2.7
 0.8
Net income attributable to IHS Markit$502.7
 $542.3
 $416.9


Total assets by segment were as follows:
 Year ended November 30,
 2019 2018
Total Assets   
Financial Services$9,435.6
 $9,474.9
Transportation3,018.2
 3,144.7
Resources2,831.3
 2,681.1
CMS686.8
 761.6
Shared services115.3
 
Total assets$16,087.2
 $16,062.3


The table below provides information about revenue and long-lived assets for the U.S., the U.K., and the rest of the world for 2019, 2018, and 2017. Revenue by country is generally based on where the customer contract is signed. Long-lived assets include net property and equipment.
 2019 2018 2017
(in millions)Revenue Long-lived assets Revenue Long-lived assets Revenue Long-lived assets
U.S.$2,804.6
 $494.2
 $2,406.1
 $415.4
 $2,152.0
 $362.4
U.K.486.5
 126.3
 452.2
 127.9
 435.4
 128.9
Rest of world1,123.5
 37.7
 1,150.9
 36.3
 1,012.3
 40.0
Total$4,414.6
 $658.2
 $4,009.2
 $579.6
 $3,599.7
 $531.3


Activity in our goodwill account was as follows:
(in millions)Financial Services Transportation Resources CMS Consolidated Total
Balance at November 30, 2017$4,335.5
 $2,055.6
 $2,026.0
 $361.4
 $8,778.5
Acquisitions1,179.3
 
 5.6
 
 1,184.9
Adjustments to purchase price
 (7.3) 
 (0.4) (7.7)
Foreign currency translation(83.5) (16.7) (16.6) (2.9) (119.7)
Balance at November 30, 20185,431.3
 2,031.6
 2,015.0
 358.1
 9,836.0
Acquisitions
 9.0
 87.0
 
 96.0
Adjustments to purchase price7.0
 
 0.2
 
 7.2
Asset sale
 
 
 (33.4) (33.4)
Reclassification to assets held for sale
 (87.7) 
 
 (87.7)
Foreign currency translation11.8
 0.2
 5.9
 0.3
 18.2
Balance at November 30, 2019$5,450.1
 $1,953.1
 $2,108.1
 $325.0
 $9,836.3


The 2019 asset sale relates to the goodwill allocated to the TMT market intelligence assets that were sold on August 1, 2019. The 2019 reclassification to assets held for sale relates to the A&D business line divestiture, which was subsequently sold on December 2, 2019.


18.Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes certain quarterly results of operations (in millions, except per share data):
 Three Months Ended
 February 28 May 31 August 31 November 30
2019       
Revenue$1,046.4
 $1,135.5
 $1,112.3
 $1,120.4
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$109.7
 $149.8
 $40.1
 $203.1
Earnings per share:       
Basic$0.28
 $0.37
 $0.10
 $0.51
Diluted$0.27
 $0.37
 $0.10
 $0.50
        
2018       
Revenue$932.1
 $1,008.3
 $1,001.0
 $1,067.8
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.$241.3
 $114.7
 $104.5
 $81.8
Earnings per share:       
Basic$0.61
 $0.29
 $0.26
 $0.21
Diluted$0.59
 $0.28
 $0.26
 $0.20


First quarter 2018 net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. included a one-time tax benefit of approximately $136 million associated with U.S. tax reform. Third quarter 2019 net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. included a one-time tax expense of approximately $200 million associated with U.S. Treasury regulations related to U.S. tax effects).

Reconciliationsreform retroactive to 2018, and fourth quarter 2019 net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd. included an offsetting one-time tax benefit of comparable GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures are providedapproximately $50 million associated with the schedulessame regulations.


Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports required to be filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2019 using the Internal Control—Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of November 30, 2019.

Our independent registered public accounting firm has audited and issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Their report appears on the following page.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended November 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and the Shareholders of IHS Markit Ltd.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited IHS Markit Ltd.’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, IHS Markit Ltd. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2019, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of November 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2019 and the related notes and our quarterly earnings releases. report dated January 17, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The most recent non-GAAP reconciliationsCompany’s management is responsible for IHSmaintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and IHS Markitfor its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Denver, Colorado
January 17, 2020


Item 9B. Other Information

Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act Disclosure
Under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syrian Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, we are required to include certain disclosures in our periodic reports if we or any of our affiliates knowingly engaged in certain specified activities during the period covered by the report. Disclosure is generally required even if the transactions or dealings were furnishedconducted in compliance with applicable law and regulations. During the third quarter of 2014, we acquired Global Trade Information Services, a Virginia corporation (“GTIS”). GTIS publishes the Global Trade Atlas (the “GTA”), an online trade data system offering global merchandise trade statistics such as import and export data from official sources in more than 90 countries. Included in the GTA is certain trade data sourced from Iran for which GTIS pays an exhibitannual fee of approximately $40,000. The procurement of this information is exempt from applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations as a funds transfer related to the exportation or importation of information and informational materials. Sales attributable to this Iranian trade data represented approximately $50,000 in gross revenue for GTIS in the fourth quarter of 2019 and would have represented less than 0.01 percent of our company’s fourth quarter 2019 consolidated revenues and approximately 0.1 percent of our fourth quarter 2019 gross profits. Subject to any changes in the exempt status of such activities, we intend to continue these business activities as permissible under applicable export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

We incorporate by reference the information responsive to this Item appearing in our definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for our 2020 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (“Proxy Statement”), which will be filed no later than 120 days after November 30, 2019.

We have adopted a code of ethics, referred to as our Business Code of Conduct, which applies to our Form 8-Kdirectors, officers and employees. Information regarding our Business Code of Conduct is incorporated herein by reference from our Proxy Statement, which will be filed on January 17, 2017. The non-IFRS reconciliations for fiscal year 2015 Markit were furnished as an exhibit to the Markit Ltd. Form 6-K furnished on February 10, 2016. They are alsono later than 120 days after November 30, 2019. Our Business Code of Conduct is available on the Investor Relations page of our website at http://investor.ihsmarkit.com. If we approve any substantive amendment to our Business Code of Conduct, or if we grant any waiver of our Business Code of Conduct to our directors or executive officers, we will post an update on the Investor Relations page of our website (http://investor.ihsmarkit.com).

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None within four business days following the date of the membersamendment or waiver describing the nature and date of our Human Resources Committee was at any time during fiscal 2016, or at any other time, an officer or employee of IHS Markit or any of our subsidiaries or had any relationship requiring disclosure under the SEC’s rules regarding related person transactions. None of our executive officers serves on the board of directors or compensation committee of a company that has an executive officer that serves on our board of directors or our Human Resources Committee. Mr. Rosenthal was an executive officer of Morgan Stanley until December 31, 2016. Please see “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions – Credit Agreement.”

Executive Compensation Tables

2016 Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information concerning aggregate compensation earned by or paid to: (i) each person who served as CEO of Markit or IHS Markit during FY16; (ii) each person who served as Principal Financial Officer of Markit or IHS Markit during FY16; (iii) our three other most highly compensated executive officers who served in such capacities as of November 30, 2016, the last day of our fiscal year, determined by calculating the total FY16 compensation for legacy Markit executive officers and the post-Merger FY16 compensation for legacy IHS executive officers; and (iv) two former officers, including a former Principal Financial Officer, who would have been in our three other most highly compensated executive officers had they been serving in that capacity as of November 30, 2016. We refer to these individuals as our “named executive officers” or “NEOs.”

  
FY16 Summary Compensation Table(1) 
  
                    Change in       
                    Pension       
                    Value and       
                 Non-Equity  Nonqualified       
                 Incentive  Deferred  All    
Name          Stock  Option  Plan  Compensation  Other    
and Principal Year  Salary  Bonus  Awards  Awards  Compensation  Earnings  Compensation  Total 
Position (2)  ($)  ($)(3)  ($)(4)  $(5)  ($)(6)  ($)(7)  ($)(8)  ($) 
  

Jerre Stead(9)

  2016    287,173    —      6,155,700    —      499,279    65,006    541    7,007,699  

Chairman of the Board and CEO

         
  

Lance Uggla(10)

  2016    795,833    1,100,000    5,472,597    —      —      —      399,040    7,767,470  

President/Chief Integration Officer/former Markit CEO

         
  

Todd Hyatt(11)

  2016    231,841    —      —      —      195,616    20,061    579,112    1,026,630  

Exec. Vice Pres., and CFO

         
  

Shane Akeroyd

  2016    500,000    300,000    965,742    —      —      —      14,043    1,779,785  

Exec. Vice Pres., Global Head of Acct Mngmt.

         
  

Sari Granat

  2016    405,510    300,000    304,989    880,500    —      —      13,793    1,904,792  

Exec. Vice Pres., General Counsel

         
  

Adam Kansler

  2016    500,000    300,000    1,067,384    —      —      —      14,043    1,881,427  

Exec. Vice Pres., Financial Markets

         
  

Jeffrey Gooch(12)

  2016    344,471    —      1,016,548    —      —      —      1,214,893    2,575,912  

Former Markit CFO

         
  

Stephen Wolff(13)

  2016    368,327     711,590    —      —      —      1,015,643    2,095,560  

Former Markit head of Corp. Strategy

         
  

(1)The Summary Compensation Table describes compensation for FY16. As an FPI, we are not required to disclose past years’ compensation for the NEOs who were employed by Markit prior to the Merger: Messrs. Uggla, Akeroyd, Kansler, Gooch, and Wolff and Ms. Granat (the “legacy Markit NEOs). Messrs. Stead and Hyatt (the “legacy IHS NEOs”) became executive officers post-Merger and we are required to report their post-Merger compensation (between July 12, 2016 and November 30, 2016).

(2)Per SEC disclosure requirements, the Summary Compensation Table discloses a full fiscal year of compensation for the legacy Markit NEOs and post-Merger compensation (between July 12, 2016 and November 30, 2016) for legacy IHS NEOs. See Footnotes 9 and 11 to this table for additional information on FY16 amounts paid to Messrs. Stead and Hyatt, the legacy IHS NEOs.

(3)Represents payments under the legacy Markit annual performance compensation program to legacy Markit NEOs. Discretionary payments were made in FY17 based on the individual’s and Markit’s performance in FY16.

(4)For Mr. Stead, the value reported reflects the grant date fair value of PSUs assuming target performance level. The value of this award was calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For the legacy Markit NEOs, the value reported reflects the grant date fair value of RSAs calculated in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard 2, Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”). Any estimated forfeitures are excluded from the values reported in this table. For a discussion of the assumptions made in valuing these awards and a description of how we factor forfeitures into our overall equity compensation expense, refer to the “Stock-Based Compensation” footnote to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2016 fiscal year. The values exclude any additional stock based compensation recognized as a result of a re-valuation of outstanding awards held by these legacy Markit NEOs at the time of the Merger, as required by the U.S. GAAP accounting rules governing the Merger.

(5)Reflects the grant date fair value of stock options calculated in accordance with IFRS 2. Any estimated forfeitures are excluded from the values reported in this table. For a discussion of the assumptions made in valuing these awards and a description of how we factor forfeitures into our overall equity compensation expense, refer to the “Stock-Based Compensation” footnote to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form10-K for the 2016 fiscal year. Excludes any amounts recognized as a result of a re-valuation of outstanding stock options held by legacy Markit NEOs at the time of the Merger, as required by the U.S. GAAP accounting rules governing the Merger.

(6)Represents the post-Merger pro-rata payment made under the legacy IHS Annual Incentive Plan to the legacy IHS NEOs. Payments were made in FY17 based on achievement of pre-determined FY16 goals. The full fiscal year portion of this incentive payment tied to Customer Delight ($345,600 for Mr. Stead and $135,405 for Mr. Hyatt) was paid in shares of IHS Markit stock.

(7)Amounts represent the aggregate increase in actuarial value, pro-rated for the post-Merger period of July 12, 2016 to November 30, 2016, to the NEO of legacy IHS pension benefits accrued during the fiscal year. The amounts are based on the November 30th measurement date used for financial statement reporting purposes. Assumptions used to calculate the change in pension value are discussed in the note “Pensions and Postretirement Benefits” to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2016 fiscal year.

(8)The table below provides a breakdown of Other Annual Compensation.

  
All Other Compensation 
  
Description  Stead   Uggla   Hyatt   Akeroyd   Granat   Kansler   Gooch   Wolff 
  

Retirement Plan Contributions

   —       12,211     15,900     13,250     13,000     13,250     12,211     12,211  

Life Insurance Premiums

   541     1,458     675     793     793     793     885     885  

End-of-Service Payments(a)

   —       —       —       —       —       —       1,201,797     1,002,547  

Perquisites Benefits(b)

   —       211,044     123,302       —       —       —       —    

Additional Tax Payments(c)

   —       174,327     439,235     —       —       —       —       —    
  

Total

   541     399,040     579,112     14,043     13,793     14,043     1,214,893     1,015,643  
  

(a)Mr. Gooch’s and Mr. Wolff’s end-of-service payments were converted from GBP to USD using an annual average exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GBP. The severance payments for Mr. Gooch and Mr. Wolff are paid monthly over a 12-month period from termination, and are contingent upon their remaining in compliance with non-compete and non-solicitation terms. Only the severance amounts actually paid in FY16 are included in this table. For a full description of their termination payments, see “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

(b)Mr. Uggla’s perquisites include a housing allowance of $196,583. Mr. Uggla’s perquisites were converted from GBP to USD using an annual average exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GBP. Mr. Uggla will not receive these perquisites in fiscal year 2017. Mr. Hyatt’s perquisites represent payments related to his expatriate assignment to the United Kingdom and include $28,402 for housing, $36,208 for the household move, and $40,758 in professional tax services.

(c)For Mr. Uggla, Additional Tax Payments are for taxes paid on his housing allowance. For Mr. Hyatt, Additional Tax Payments are for the accrual made in FY16 for Mr. Hyatt’s tax equalization related to his expatriate assignment.

(9)Mr. Stead’s compensation reported in the Summary Compensation Table represents amounts received or allocated to the post-Merger period of FY16, as explained in Footnote 1. Mr. Stead’s total direct compensation for the full fiscal year is $12,820,328, and is comprised of (a) an annual salary of $745,428; (b) an AIP payout of $1,296,000; and (c) grant date value of equity of $10,778,900, at the target performance level. The $10,778,900 in equity is comprised of two PSU grants. The first PSU grant with a grant date value of $4,623,300 at target, was approved prior to the Merger and converted to RSUs in the Merger. The second PSU grant, approved post-Merger, is shown in the “Stock Awards” column in the table above, and is based on the shares that would be received should the target performance be met. In addition, the PSUs granted post-Merger have a threshold value of 75 percent of target ($4,616,775) and a maximum payout of 150 percent of target ($9,233,550), provided a stretch performance goal is met.

(10)Mr. Uggla’s salary was set in USD, and his salary was then converted to GBP. For purposes of this table, Mr. Uggla’s GBP salary was converted to USD using an average annual exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GPB. Mr. Uggla also received a cash adjustment, included in the “Salary” column, to ensure that the total amount he received in GBP was equivalent to his salary as stated in USD. Going forward, Mr. Uggla will be paid in USD, and therefore, there will be no future exchange rate adjustments.

(11)Mr. Hyatt’s compensation reported in the Summary Compensation Table represents amounts received or allocated to the post-Merger period of FY16, as explained in Footnote 1. Mr. Hyatt’s total direct compensation for the full fiscal year is $5,498,029, and is comprised of (a) an annual salary of $601,800; an AIP payout of $507,769; and (c) grant date value of equity of $4,388,460, with PSUs reported at target performance. Mr. Hyatt’s PSUs were converted to RSUs in the Merger.

(12)Mr. Gooch served as CFO of Markit from the beginning of FY16 through the close of the Merger on July 12, 2016. He was not an executive officer of IHS Markit and he ceased being employed by IHS Markit on September 16, 2016. Mr. Gooch’s GBP salary was converted to U.S. dollars using an average annual exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GPB.

(13)Mr. Wolff served as an executive officer of Markit from the beginning of FY16 through the close of the Merger on July 12, 2016. He was not an executive officer of IHS Markit and he ceased being employed by IHS Markit on October 16, 2016. Mr. Wolff’s GBP salary was converted to U.S. dollars using an average annual exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GPB.

2016 Grants of Plan-Based Awards During Fiscal Year

The following table provides information regarding grants of plan-based awards. Per SEC disclosure requirements, the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table discloses a full fiscal year of grants for legacy Markit NEOs and the post-Merger grants for legacy IHS NEOs.

  
FY16 GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS(1) 
  
                     All Other  All Other        
                     Stock  Option      Grant 
                     Awards  Awards:  Exercise   Date Fair 
          Estimated Future Payouts          Number of  Number of  or Base   Value of 
          Under Equity          Shares of  Securities  Price of   Stock and 
       Date  Incentive Plan Awards          Stock or  Underlying  Option   Option 
   Grant   Award  Threshold   Target  Maximum   Units  Options  Awards   Awards(2) 
Name  Date   Approved  (#)   (#)  (#)   (#)  (#)  ($/Sh)   ($) 
  

Jerre Stead

   8/22/2016     8/22/2016    127,500     170,000(3)   255,000     —      —      —       6,155,700(4) 
  

Lance Uggla

   1/1/2016     12/2/2015    —       —      —       181,392(5)   —      —       5,472,597  
  

Todd Hyatt

   —       —      —       —      —       —      —      —       —    
  

Shane Akeroyd

   1/1/2016     12/2/2015    —       —      —       32,010(6)   —      —       965,742  
  

Sari Granat

   1/1/2016     (7)   —       —      —       10,109(8)   —      —       304,989  
     (7)         150,000(9)   27.61     880,500  
  

Adam Kansler

   1/1/2016     12/2/2015    —       —      —       35,379(10)   —      —       1,067,384  
  

Jeffrey Gooch

   1/1/2016     12/2/2015    —       —      —       33,694(11)   —      —       1,016,548  
  

Stephen Wolff

   1/1/2016     12/2/2015    —       —      —       23,586(12)   —      —       711,590  
  

(1)This table excludes stock awards that were granted to Messrs. Stead and Hyatt for the portion of their Annual Incentive Plan payment that was tied to FY16 Customer Delight metrics and described in footnote 6 to the FY16 Summary Compensation Table. This table also excludes stock awards that were granted prior to the Merger to Messrs. Stead and Hyatt, as noted in Footnote 2 to the FY16 Summary Compensation Table.

(2)For legacy Markit NEOs, grant date fair value is calculated in accordance with IFRS2. For legacy IHS NEOs, grant date fair value is calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Any estimated forfeitures are excluded from the values reported in this table. The values reported in this table exclude the re-valuation of the legacy Markit options and awards as required by the U.S. GAAP accounting rules governing the Merger.

(3)On August 22, 2016, Mr. Stead was granted 170,000 PSUs that will be earned after the end of fiscal year 2017 based upon achievement of FY17 adjusted EPS goals.

(4)The grant date fair value reported is at a target performance level. The grant date fair value at threshold performance level is $4,616,775 and the grant date fair value at maximum performance level is $9,233,550.

(5)On January 1, 2016, Mr. Uggla was granted 181,392 RSAs, of which one-third vested January 1, 2017 and one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(6)On January 1, 2016, Mr. Akeroyd was granted 32,010 RSAs, of which one-third vested January 1, 2017 and one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(7)This grant was awarded prior to Ms. Granat’s appointment as executive officer, and was approved by delegation of authority by the Committee to certain executive officers of the Company.

(8)On January 1, 2016, Ms. Granat was granted 10,109 RSAs, of which one-third vested January 1, 2017 and one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(9)On February 24, 2016, Ms. Granat was granted 150,000 non-qualified stock options, of which one-fifth will vest on each of February 24, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The options expire on February 24, 2023.

(10)On January 1, 2016, Mr. Kansler was granted 35,379 RSAs, of which one-third vested January 1, 2017 and one-third will vest on each of January 1, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

(11)On January 1, 2016, Mr. Gooch was granted 33,694 RSAs, which vested upon Mr. Gooch’s termination on September 13, 2016.

(12)On January 1, 2016, Mr. Wolff was granted 23,586 RSAs, which vested upon Mr. Wolff’s termination on October 5, 2016.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2016 Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth information concerning outstanding equity awards held by our NEOs as of November 30, 2016. The market value of the shares set forth under the “Stock Awards” column was determined by multiplying the number of unvested or unearned shares by $35.94, the closing price of our common stock on November 30, 2016, the last day of our fiscal year.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT 2016 FISCAL YEAR-END 
    OPTION AWARDS   STOCK AWARDS 
   Number
of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable
   Number
of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Unexercisable
  Option
Exercise
Price
   Option
Expiration
Date
   Number
of Shares
or Units
of Stock
That Have
Not Vested
  Market
Value
of Shares
or Units
of Stock
That Have
Not Vested
   Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Unearned
Shares, Units
or Other Rights
That Have
Not Vested
  Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Markit or
Payout Value
of Unearned
Shares, Units
or Other Rights
That Have
Not Vested
 
Name  (#)   (#)  ($)            ($)   (#)  ($) 
Jerre Stead   —       —      —       —       450,978(6)   16,208,149     170,000(12)   6,109,800  
Lance Uggla   716,560     —      12.84     12/31/2017     402,944(7)   14,481,807     —      —    
   575,260     —      20.31     12/31/2017     —      —       —      —    
    —       3,800,000(1)   26.70     7/31/2020     —      —       —      —    
Todd Hyatt   —       —      —       —       322,942(8)   11,606,535     —      —    
Shane Akeroyd   588,960     —      12.84     6/29/2018     65,706(9)   2,361,474     —      —    
   235,160     —      20.31     12/31/2017     —      —       —      —    
   100,000     —      20.31     6/29/2018     —      —       —      —    
   24,260     —      22.57     12/31/2018     —      —       —      —    
   118,870     —      24.46     12/31/2019     —      —       —      —    
    —       1,000,000(2)   26.70     7/31/2020     —      —       —      —    
Sari Granat   50,000     —      22.57     4/15/2019     14,639(10)   526,126     —      —    
   50,000     —      24.46     12/31/2019     —      —       —      —    
        150,000(3)   26.70     7/31/2020     —      —       —      —    
         150,000(4)   27.61     2/24/2023     —      —       —      —    
Adam Kansler   98,270     —      20.31     12/31/2017     74,195(11)   2,666,568     —      —    
   100,000     —      20.31     6/29/2018     —      —       —      —    
   45,910     —      22.57     12/31/2018     —      —       —      —    
   63,400     —      24.46     12/31/2019     —      —       —      —    
    —       1,000,000(5)   26.70     7/31/2020     —      —       —      —    
Jeffrey Gooch   324,750     —      26.70     9/13/2017     —      —       —      —    
Stephen Wolff   451,200     —      26.70     10/5/2017     —      —       —      —    

(1)Consists of 1,266,660 options that will vest on June 19, 2017; 1,266,660 options that will vest on June 19, 2018; and 1,266,680 options that will vest on June 19, 2019.

(2)Consists of 333,330 options that will vest on June 19, 2017; 333,330 options that will vest June 19, 2018; and 333,340 options that will vest June 19, 2019.

(3)Consists of 50,000 options that will vest on June 19, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

(4)Consists of 30,000 options that will vest on February 24, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

(5)Consists of 333,330 options that will vest on June 19, 2017; 333,330 options that will vest June 19, 2018; and 333,340 options that will vest June 19, 2019.

(6)Consists of 202,016 RSUs that vested on February 1, 2017; and 248,962 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2018.

(7)Consists of 211,630 RSUs that vested on January 1, 2017; 130,850 RSUs that will vest on January 1, 2018; and 60,464 RSUs that will vest on January 1, 2019.

(8)Consists of 75,756 RSUs that vested on February 1, 2017; 93,361 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2018; 53,349 RSUs that will vest on July 1, 2018; and 100,476 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2019.

(9)Consists of 34,128 RSUs that vested on February 1, 2017; 20,908 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2018; and 10,670 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2019.

(10)Consists of 6,299 RSUs that vested on February 1, 2017; 4,970 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2018; and 3,370 RSUs that will vest on February 1, 2019.

(11)Consists of 37,811 RSUs that vested on January 1, 2017; 24,591 RSUs that will vest on January 1, 2018; and 11,793 RSUs that will vest on January 1, 2019.

(12)These awards consist of PSUs that may vest in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, based upon achievement of FY17 Company goals. The PSUs have three primary vesting levels: threshold, target and maximum. If threshold performance is not met, the award will be forfeited. The column titled “Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested” reports the number of PSUs that would vest if target performance is met. At threshold performance, 75 percent of the PSUs would vest and at maximum performance, 150 percent of the PSUs would vest.

Options Exercises and Stock Vested During Fiscal Year 2016

The following table provides information regarding options exercised and stock vested by our NEOs. Per SEC disclosure requirements, the Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table discloses a full fiscal year of activity for NEOs who were employed by Markit prior to the Merger (Mr. Uggla, Mr. Akeroyd, Ms. Granat, Mr. Kansler, Mr. Gooch, and Mr. Wolff) and the post-Merger activity for NEOs who were employed by IHS prior to the Merger (Mr. Stead and Mr. Hyatt).

OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED DURING FISCAL YEAR 2016 
    Option Awards(1)   Stock Awards(1) 
   Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Exercise
   Value
Realized
on Exercise
   Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Vesting
   Value
Realized on
Vesting
 
Name  (#)   ($)   (#)   ($) 

Jerre Stead

   —       —       —       —    

Lance Uggla

   150,030     2,048,916     151,165     4,465,414  

Todd Hyatt

   —       —       —       —    

Shane Akeroyd

   231,040     4,482,894     23,458     692,949  

Sari Granat

   —       —       2,920     86,257  

Adam Kansler

   750,000     12,910,254     26,017     768,542  

Jeffrey Gooch

   1,911,070     28,524,244     103,726     3,625,386  

Stephen Wolff

   548,800     5,236,232     48,465     1,721,296  

(1)No amounts were deferred upon the exercise of options or the vesting of stock awards.

Pension Benefits

Prior to July 2014, legacy IHS sponsored a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan (U.S. RIP) for all U.S. employees employed prior to January 1, 2012. The U.S. RIP was frozen in July 2014 and all future benefit accruals have ceased. Legacy IHS also sponsored a nonqualified supplemental

retirement plan (SIP) to provide benefits to participants that are limited by Internal Revenue Code limits that apply to tax-qualified defined benefit plans. The SIP was also frozen in July 2014 as it was directly linked to the U.S. RIP. Under the Internal Revenue Code, the maximum permissible benefit from the qualified plan for retirements in 2016 is $215,000 and annual compensation exceeding $270,000 in 2016 cannot be considered in computing the maximum permissible benefit under the plan. Benefits under the SIP replace the benefits that would have been provided if the Internal Revenue Code limits were not in place.

The table below sets forth the present value of accumulated benefits payable at age 65 (or later date if applicable) as of November 30, 2016 for the two legacy IHS NEOs who participated in these plans.

2016 Pension Benefits
Name  Plan Name  

Number of

Years of Credited
Service

   Present Value of
Accumulated
Benefit ($)
   Payments
During Last
Fiscal Year

Jerre Stead

  U.S. RIP (Qualified)   13.5     936,496    
   SIP (Supplemental)   35.0     2,830,489    89,405(1)

Todd Hyatt

  U.S. RIP (Qualified)   10.2     209,453    
   SIP (Supplemental)   10.2     22,268    

(1)Represents payments Mr. Stead received after the Merger. He received a total of $214,572 in Qualified Payments from IHS and IHS Markit between December 1, 2015 and November 30, 2016. In 2003, Mr. Stead was granted an additional 25 years of benefit service under the Supplemental Retirement Income Plan, which is $2,461,136 of the present value listed above.

Accrued Benefits

The accrued benefits are calculated according to the formulas outlined below.

Formula A: Benefits accrued as of April 30, 2006 equals (i)+(ii)+(iii) (expressed in the form of a single life annuity):

i. 1.25 percent of highest five years’ average compensation in last 10 years as of April 30, 2006 up to covered compensation times years of benefit service (maximum 30 years), plus

ii. 1.70 percent of highest five years’ average compensation in last 10 years as of April 30, 2006 in excess of covered compensation times years of benefit service (maximum 30 years), plus

iii. 0.5 percent of highest five years’ average compensation in last 10 years as of April 30, 2006 times years of benefit service in excess of 30 years.

Plus

Formula B: From May 1, 2006 to February 28, 2011, 15 percent of pensionable earnings, payable at age 65 as a lump sum pension.

Plus

Formula C: From March 1, 2011 to July 11, 2014, 10 percent of pensionable earnings, payable at age 65 as a lump sum pension.

The accumulated benefits were calculated in accordance with GAAP, using a discount rate of 4.2 percent. For purposes of determining the accrued benefit, compensation means regular salary, bonuses, commissions and overtime prior to January 1, 1987, and regular salary, commissions and overtime for January 1, 1987 and later. Compensation after January 1, 2009 excludes commissions for the SIP.

For grandfathered participants, service through March 31, 2011 is covered under Formula A. Mr. Stead is the only NEO who is a grandfathered participant.

Vesting

Participants are 100 percent vested in their benefit at the earlier of the time they are credited with three years of vesting service or the date they reach age 65. Mr. Stead and Mr. Hyatt are 100 percent vested.

Retirement Eligibility

Normal retirement age under the plan is 65, but a participant who terminates employment with at least ten years of vesting service may retire as early as age 55. Under Formula A above, participants who terminate employment after age 55 with ten years of vesting service will receive a benefit reduction equal to 0.5 percent for each month that benefit commencement precedes age 62. Participants who terminate employment before age 55 with ten years of vesting service will receive a benefit reduction equal to 0.5 percent for each month that benefit commencement precedes age 65. Formula A will be actuarially reduced for benefit commencements prior to age 55.

Under Formulas B and C, participants who terminate prior to age 65 will receive a benefit reduction equal to 4.5 percent compounded annually for each year commencement precedes age 65.

Participants who continue employment after attaining age 70 1/2 will have actuarial adjustments applied to the benefit amount to reflect the delay of commencement beyond age 70 1/2.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

Legacy IHS established a Deferred Compensation Plan for employees who are at or above a vice president level in 2015. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, eligible employees may defer between 10 percent and 50 percent of their salary, wages, commissions, and bonuses, including payment under the AIP. Amounts paid under the RIP or SIP are not eligible for deferral. The deferred amounts may be invested in the same funds available under the Company’s 401(k) plan. Compensation may be deferred to a time one to 10 years from a specified date or after separation from service. The Company does not make any matching contributions under the Deferred Compensation Plan.

Under the terms of the legacy IHS Directors Stock Plan, legacy IHS directors were able to convert all or a portion of their annual cash retainers to deferred stock units that will be distributed in shares of Company stock after the director’s service terminated. For fiscal year 2015 (FY15), Mr. Stead elected to defer to deferred stock units his director fee for service as Chairman. Mr. Stead did not make any compensation deferrals in FY16.

The following table shows amounts that were deferred by our NEOs and the fiscal year-end balance.

NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION 
Name    Executive
Contributions
in Last Fiscal
Year ($)
   Registrant
Contributions
in Last Fiscal
Year ($)
     Aggregate
Earnings
in Last
Fiscal
Year
($)
     Aggregate
Withdrawals/
Distributions
($)
     Aggregate
Balance
at Last
FYE
($)
 

Jerre Stead

     —       —         7,335       —         206,727  

Todd Hyatt

     300,900(1)    —         35,179       —         613,036  

(1)This amount is also included in the amount reported under the column heading “Salary” in the Summary Compensation Table.

Executive Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into an employment agreement with each of the Company’s NEOs, except for Mr. Stead, which sets forth the terms of employment and details the compensation elements and benefits, if any, due to NEOs upon termination of employment.

Below are descriptions of those employment agreements with the Company’s NEOs. These descriptions summarize the agreements’ material terms and do not describe all of their provisions. The NEO employment agreements are filed as exhibits to the Company’s public filings with the SEC.

Each of the employment agreements described below provides for certain benefits upon termination of employment (for a summary of these benefits, see “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below).

Lance Uggla.Effective as of July 1, 2014, legacy Markit entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Uggla, which was further amended on March 20, 2016 and on December 1, 2016, and that included the following provisions:

Term. Mr. Uggla’s agreement does not entitle Mr. Uggla to employment for any specified period of time and his employment will continue to be considered employment-at-will. The Company may terminate Mr. Uggla’s employment by giving four weeks’ notice and an additional week of notice for each additional year of service up to 12 weeks’ notice or may provide payment in lieu of notice.

Base salary, bonus and benefits. The agreement provides for an initial base salary of £450,000 to be reviewed annually. Mr. Uggla’s salary is currently set in USD, as described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above. Mr. Uggla’s salary may not be reduced, unless there is a salary reduction for similarly situated members of management. Mr. Uggla will be eligible to participate in the AIP and may receive an incentive payment if he remains employed on the date the incentive is paid. The Company in its sole discretion determines the amount of the incentive awards. Mr. Uggla is also entitled to participate in the employee benefits plans, programs and arrangements as are customarily accorded to our executives as well as the Pensions Salary Sacrifice option, which allows Mr. Uggla to authorize the Company to pay a portion of his salary as an additional employer contribution to the Markit Group Personal Pension Plan. The agreement also provides for certain perquisites described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.

Covenants. Under Mr. Uggla’s agreement, he has agreed not to disparage the Company or any of our subsidiaries and to maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary or confidential information at all times during his employment and thereafter, and he has assigned to us all of the intellectual property rights in any work product created or developed by him during the term of his employment. He has also agreed not to compete with us during the term of his employment and the 12-month period following termination of his employment, subject to specific exclusions and definitions of permissible advisory and academic activities. He has also agreed not to solicit any of our customers, employees, or prospective customers of any of our subsidiaries during that restricted period.

Amendment. In the terms of the Merger agreement, Mr. Uggla is to assume the CEO role in FY18. In connection with the pending Merger and Mr. Uggla’s appointment as the President of the combined Company, Mr. Uggla’s employment agreement was amended on March 20, 2016 to provide that, if he is not serving as the CEO and Chairman of IHS Markit by January 1, 2018 (the “Succession Trigger,” as defined in the amended agreement) as designated in the Merger terms, he may resign. In such case, he would be entitled to receive the same change in control severance and equity award vesting he would have received if he was terminated without cause or resigned for good reason within 12 months of the closing. The Succession Trigger is intended to provide Mr. Uggla with the assurance that he would be protected if he were not to receive the CEO position at the designated time, as previously agreed.

Mr. Uggla’s employment agreement was amended effective as of December 1, 2016 to remove any entitlement to perquisites.

Todd Hyatt. Effective as of November 1, 2013, legacy IHS entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Hyatt, which included the following provisions:

Term. Mr. Hyatt’s agreement does not entitle Mr. Hyatt to employment for any specified period of time and his employment will continue to be considered employment-at-will.

Base salary, bonus and benefits. The agreement provides for a base salary to be reviewed and increased at the discretion of our management. Mr. Hyatt will be eligible to participate in the AIP with a target bonus of 75 percent of his base salary, which bonus payout will be based on actual business results. Mr. Hyatt is also entitled to participate in the employee benefits plans, programs, and arrangements as are customarily accorded to our executives.

Equity Incentives. In accordance with his agreement, Mr. Hyatt is eligible to participate in the IHS Long-Term Incentive Program (following the Merger, Mr. Hyatt is eligible to participate in the IHS Markit 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan).

Covenants. Under Mr. Hyatt’s agreement, he has agreed to maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary or confidential information at all times during his employment and thereafter, unless first obtaining our prior written consent. He also has assigned to us all of the intellectual property rights in any work product created or developed by him during the term of his employment.

New Letter Agreement. On July 8, 2016, legacy IHS entered into an expatriate agreement with Mr. Hyatt. The expatriate agreement is not a contract of employment but rather a summary of the terms of his assignment, which is anticipated to be two years effective as of September 1, 2016. The agreement provides for various benefits provided to certain executive officers serving on an international assignment.

Amendment.On July 8, 2016, legacy IHS entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Hyatt in connection with the Merger to extend severance payable on certain terminations until January 31, 2019. This agreement was amended on February 2, 2017. Under the terms of the original letter agreement, upon an involuntary termination without cause, Mr. Hyatt would be entitled to acceleration of equity awards outstanding at the time of the Merger and enhanced severance equal to two times salary and target bonus plus a pro rata bonus payment at target. The agreement also includes benefits if Mr. Hyatt terminates his employment for Good Reason. Good Reason, as of November 30, 2016, would include, from the Merger through January 31, 2019, a material reduction in his role, or an office move more than 50 miles from the current location. These benefits are enumerated in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Pursuant to the February 2017 amendment, Mr. Hyatt is no longer eligible to receive any severance payments or benefits to which he had been entitled under the July 2016 amendment or the October 2013 agreement under the circumstances specified in those agreements.

In addition, pursuant to the February 2017 amendment, in the event Mr. Hyatt retires from IHS Markit after he reaches the age of 60 in 2020, he will be eligible to receive (i) continuation of health and welfare benefits for 24 months following termination of employment and (ii) continued post-termination vesting of all unvested restricted share units and other equity awards granted to him in accordance with their terms, provided that Mr. Hyatt was an employee of IHS Markit for six months following the grant of such awards, does not engage in any activity in competition with IHS Markit at any time following his termination of employment during the full vesting period of such awards, and executes a release in favor of IHS Markit. Upon a termination without cause or resignation for Good Reason at any

time after February 1, 2017, any unvested portionnature of the 126,746 restricted share unitswaiver, the name of the person to whom it was granted, to Mr. Hyatt on February 1, 2017 will vest in full onand the date of such termination, provided that, upon the request of IHS Markit, Mr. Hyatt executes a release in favor of IHS Markit. For purposes of the February 2017 amendment, Good Reason includes a reduction in cash compensation, an assignment to a position that represents a materially diminished level of authority, or an office move more than 50 miles from the current location without Mr. Hyatt’s consent.

New Expatriate Agreement. On July 8, 2016, legacy IHS entered into an expatriate agreement for Mr. Hyatt in anticipation of his assignment from the United States to the United Kingdom to servewaiver, as the CFO of the Company.case may be. The two-year expatriate agreement provides Mr. Hyatt with benefits that are often provided to executive officers who are servinginformation on an international assignment, including allowances for housing, cost of livingour website is not and transportation; home leave; international health care coverage; relocation, shipment and storage services; and tax equalization and tax preparation.

Shane Akeroyd.Effective as of July 1, 2014, legacy Markit entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Akeroyd, which included the following provisions:

Term. Mr. Akeroyd’s agreement doesshould not entitle Mr. Akeroyd to employment for any specified period of time and his employment will continue to be considered employment-at-will.

Base salary, bonus and benefits. The agreement provides for an initial base salarya part of $400,000this Form 10-K.


Item 11. Executive Compensation

We incorporate by reference the information responsive to be reviewed annually. Mr. Akeroyd’s salary may not be reduced, unless there is a salary reduction for similarly situated members of management. Mr. Akeroydthis Item appearing in our Proxy Statement, which will be eligible to participate in the AIP and may receive a bonus payment if he remains employed on the date the bonus is paid. The Company in its sole discretion determines the amount of the bonus payment. Mr. Akeroyd is also entitled to participate in the employee benefits plans, programs, and arrangements as are customarily accorded to our executives.

Mr. Akeroyd’s agreement entitles him to benefits in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason, which are enumerated in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below. For Mr. Akeroyd, Good Reason may be triggered in the event of: (1) a material diminution of compensation; (2) a material diminution of authority, duties, responsibilities, or title; or (3) a material breach by the Company of the employment agreement that is not remedied by the Company upon notice of such condition.

Modified cutback in connection with a change in control. Under Mr. Akeroyd’s agreement, if any amounts received in connection with a change in control are subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, he will be entitled to receive the greater of, on an after-tax basis, the full amount of payments subject to any excise tax or a reduced amount that does not give rise to the excise tax.

Covenants. Under Mr. Akeroyd’s agreement, he has agreed to not make disparaging remarks about the Company or its subsidiaries and to maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary or confidential information at all times during his employment and thereafter. The Company also has agreed to instruct our executive officers not to disparage Mr. Akeroyd. He has assigned to us all of the intellectual property rights in any work product created or developed by him during the term of his employment. He has also agreed not to compete with us during the term of his employment and for the 12-month period following termination of his employment, subject to specific exclusions and definitions of permissible advisory and academic activities. Furthermore, he has agreed not to solicit any of our customers, employees, or prospective customers of any of our subsidiaries during that restricted period.

New Relocation Agreement. On September 29, 2016, IHS Markit entered into a relocation agreement with Mr. Akeroyd in anticipation of his move from the United States to Hong Kong. The relocation agreement provides Mr. Akeroyd with benefits often provided to executive officers who are relocating, such as shipment of household goods and a housing allowance beginning in FY17.

Amendment. As of July 11, 2016, we amended Mr. Akeroyd’s employment agreement in connection with the Merger to provide for additional severance and benefit protection in connection with a termination of employment, the terms of which are described in further detail in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Sari Granat.Effective as of September 1, 2015, legacy Markit entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Granat, which included the following provisions:

Term. Ms. Granat’s agreement does not entitle her to employment for any specified period of time and her employment will continue to be considered employment-at-will.

Base salary, bonus and benefits. The agreement provides for an initial base salary of $400,000 to be reviewed annually. Ms. Granat’s salary may not be reduced, unless there is a salary reduction for similarly situated members of management. Ms. Granat will be eligible to participate in the AIP and may receive a bonus payment if she remains employed on the date the bonus is paid. The Company in its sole discretion determines the amount of the bonus payment. Ms. Granat is also entitled to participate in the employee benefits plans, programs, and arrangements as are customarily accorded to our executives.

Ms. Granat’s agreement entitles her to benefits in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason which are enumerated in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” and are the same as those provided to Mr. Akeroyd and Mr. Kansler.

Modified cutback in connection with a change in control. Ms. Granat’s agreement has the same cutback provision as that of Mr. Akeroyd if any amounts received in connection with a change in control are subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Covenants. Ms. Granat is subject to the same covenants as Mr. Akeroyd and Mr. Kansler.

Amendment. As of July 11, 2016, we amended Ms. Granat’s employment agreement in connection with the Merger to provide for additional severance and benefit protection in connection with a termination of employment, the terms of which are described in further detail in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Adam Kansler. Effective as of July 1, 2014, legacy Markit entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Kansler, which included the following provisions:

Term. Mr. Kansler’s agreement does not entitle Mr. Kansler to employment for any specified period of time and his employment will continue to be considered employment-at-will.

Base salary,bonus and benefits. The agreement provides for an initial base salary of $400,000 to be reviewed annually. Mr. Kansler’s salary may not be reduced, unless there is a salary reduction for similarly situated members of management). Mr. Kansler will be eligible to participate in the AIP and may receive a bonus payment if he remains employed on the date the bonus is paid. The amount of the bonus award, if any, is in the Company’s sole discretion. Mr. Kansler is also entitled to participate in the employee benefits plans, programs, and arrangements as are customarily accorded to our executives.

Mr. Kansler’s agreement entitles him to benefits in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason which are enumerated in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” and are the same as those provided to Mr. Akeroyd and Ms. Granat.

Modified cutback in connection with a change in control. Mr. Kansler’s agreement has the same cutback provision as that of Mr. Akeroyd and Ms. Granat if any amounts received in connection with a change in control are subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Covenants. Mr. Kansler is subject to the same covenants as Mr. Akeroyd and Ms. Granat.

Amendment.As of July 11, 2016, we amended Mr. Kansler’s employment agreement in connection with the merger to provide for additional severance and benefit protection in connection with a termination of employment, the terms of which are described in further detail in “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Separation Agreement with Jeffrey Gooch. In connection with the Merger, we entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Gooch, which we refer to as the Gooch Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Gooch’s employment agreement with legacy Markit, dated July 1, 2014, was terminated, together with Mr. Gooch’s employment with IHS Markit, on September 13, 2016.

The terms of the Gooch Separation Agreement provide for payment of accrued obligations (including earned salary and a sum in lieu of any accrued but unused holiday), a lump sum equal to £55,385, which represents nine weeks’ notice, a sum of £600,000 in nine equal monthly installments and additional severance of £800,000 in twelve equal monthly installments, all of which would have otherwise become payable pursuant to his original employment agreement. Additionally, IHS Markit agreed to contribute £500 inclusive of VAT and disbursements toward legal fees for advice given in connection with the termination and pay him a termination payment of £564,784. Mr. Gooch agreed that the covenants contained in his original employment agreement related to confidentiality, intellectual property, and 12-month post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation would survive such termination. In addition, under the Gooch Separation Agreement, 1,000,000 unvested stock options and 75,345 restricted share awards that had previously been granted to Mr. Gooch vested as of his termination date.

The Gooch Separation Agreement also contained, among other things, customary mutual releases and non-disparagement provisions.

Separation Agreement with Stephen Wolff. In connection with the Merger we entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Wolff, which we refer to as the Wolff Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Wolff’s employment agreement with legacy Markit, dated July 1, 2014, was terminated, together with Mr. Wolff’s employment with IHS Markit, on October 5, 2016.

The terms of the Separation Agreement provide for payment of accrued obligations (including earned salary and a sum in lieu of any accrued but unused holiday), a lump sum equal to £24,615, which represents four weeks’ notice, a sum of £200,000 in three equal monthly installments and additional severance of £800,000 in twelve equal monthly installments, all of which would have otherwise become payable pursuant to his original employment agreement. Additionally, IHS Markit agreed to contribute £750 inclusive of VAT and disbursements toward legal fees for advice given in connection with the termination and pay him a termination payment of £448,505. Mr. Wolff agreed that the covenants contained in his original employment agreement related to confidentiality, intellectual property and 12-month post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation would survive such termination. In addition, under the Wolff Separation Agreement, 600,000 unvested stock options and

40,172 restricted share awards that had previously been granted to Mr. Wolff vested as of his termination date.

The Wolff Separation Agreement also contained, among other things, customary mutual releases and non-disparagement provisions.

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

Otherfiled no later than Mr. Stead, each NEO has entered into agreements that provide for key employment terms and compensation in the event of certain forms of termination of employment or a change in control of the Company. Agreements governing these payments were executed prior to the Merger by the legacy companies, and certain terms differ. These agreements are described above in “Executive Employment Agreements.”

All of the NEOs, including Mr. Stead, benefit from accelerated vesting of all or a portion of their equity awards following certain termination events, pursuant to the terms of their individual agreements. In addition to the amounts discussed in the tables below, all of the NEOs may receive payouts from our qualified plans in the same manner that any salaried employee would (for instance, life or disability insurance payouts, pension plan payouts, or similar benefits). Mr. Stead and Mr. Hyatt also would receive the benefits described in further detail in “Pension Benefits” and “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation.”

The table below provides details of the nature and amounts of compensation to each NEO, assuming a hypothetical termination (or a change in control of the Company and subsequent termination) on120 days after November 30, 2016, the last day of our most recent fiscal year. The tables are based on the following four scenarios:

1.Voluntary Termination Other Than for Good Reason or Involuntary Termination for Cause

This category refers to voluntary terminations by the executive other than for Good Reason (including resignations, retirements, or other terminations by mutual agreement) as well as terminations by the Company for Cause (including willful failure to perform material duties).

2.Involuntary Termination Without Cause or Termination for Good Reason without Change in Control

This category refers to voluntary terminations by the executive for Good Reason or involuntary terminations by the Company without Cause, without a preceding change in control. For legacy Markit executive officers, the Merger constituted a change in control, thus, the scenario is not applicable as of November 30, 2016 for Messrs. Uggla, Akeroyd and Kansler and Ms. Granat.

3.Involuntary Termination Without Cause or Termination for Good Reason with a Change in Control

Other than Mr. Stead, each of the NEOs who were employed as of the last day of the fiscal year had protection in the event of termination following a change in control. For legacy Markit NEOs (Messrs. Uggla, Akeroyd, Kansler and Ms. Granat), the Merger of IHS and Markit constituted a change in control for purposes of their employment terms and they are entitled to change in control protection through July 12, 2018.

4.Death or Disability

Mr. Hyatt has protection in the event of his death or disability. Messrs. Stead and Hyatt are entitled to accelerated vesting of their equity awards in the event of death or disability, where disability is defined as a mental or physical illness that entitles the executive to receive benefits under the applicable Company long-term disability plan.

Potential Post-Termination Payments Table 
Name Payments Upon Separation Voluntary
Termination
Other Than
For Good
Reason or
Involuntary
Termination
for Cause
($)
  Involuntary
Termination
Without
Cause or for
Good Reason
(not Related
to Change in
Control)
($)
  Involuntary
Termination
Without
Cause or
Termination
for Good
Reason
(Change in
Control)
($)
  Death
($)
  Disability
($)
 

Jerre Stead(1)

 PSUs(2)  —      —      6,109,800    6,109,800    6,109,800  
 RSUs(3)  —      —      16,208,149    16,208,149    16,208,149  
     22,317,949    22,317,949    22,317,949  

Lance Uggla

 Cash Severance(4)  —      (9)   4,000,000    —      —    
 Restricted Share Awards(5)  —      (9)   14,481,807    —      —    
 Stock Options(6)  —      (9)   35,112,000    —      —    
 Perquisites(7)  —      (9)   212,522    —      —    
 Tax Reimbursement(8)      (9)   175,548    —      —    
     53,981,877    

Todd Hyatt 

 Cash Severance(10)  —      2,557,650    2,557,650    2,557,650    2,557,650  
 RSUs(3)  —      11,606,535    11,606,535    11,606,535    11,606,535  
 Benefits Continuation(11)  —      32,556    32,556    32,556    32,556  
 Outplacement Assistance(12)  —      12,000    12,000    —      —    
    14,208,741    14,208,741    14,196,741    14,196,741  

Shane Akeroyd 

 Cash Severance(13)  —      (9)   2,083,333    —      —    
 Restricted Share Awards(14)  —      (9)   2,361,474    —      —    
 Unvested Stock Options(15)  —      (9)   9,240,000    —      —    
           13,684,807          

Sari Granat

 Cash Severance(13)  —      (9)   1,500,000    —      —    
 Restricted Share Awards(14)  —      (9)   526,126    —      —    
 Unvested Stock Options(15)  —      (9)   2,635,500    —      —    
           4,661,626          

Adam Kansler 

 Cash Severance(13)  —      (9)   1,979,167    —      —    
 Restricted Share Awards(14)  —      (9)   2,666,568    —      —    
 Unvested Stock Options(15)  —      (9)   9,240,000    —      —    
     13,885,735    

(1)Mr. Stead does not have an employment agreement and is not entitled to any payments upon termination for any reason other than the vesting of PSUs and RSUs, as described in this table.

(2)Upon a change in control or termination of employment due to death or disability, the vesting of Mr. Stead’s PSUs will be accelerated at target. The value above is calculated by multiplying the number of unvested PSUs at target by $35.94, the closing price of IHS Markit shares on November 30, 2016. Actual awards will vest based on actual performance after the Board has certified the results.

(3)Under a change in control or termination of employment due to death or disability, the vesting of Mr. Stead’s and Mr. Hyatt’s RSUs will be accelerated. The value above is calculated by multiplying the number of unvested RSUs by $35.94, the closing price of IHS Markit shares on November 30, 2016.

(4)In the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason within 12 months of a change in control, Mr. Uggla is entitled to receive a cash severance payment equal to (a) one month of his base salary and target cash incentive (calculated at 150 percent of salary for this table) for every year of service, up to a maximum of 12 months, plus (b) an additional 12 months of salary and target cash incentive. The severance is payable on a monthly basis over a 12-month period, with each payment contingent upon Mr. Uggla remaining in compliance with certain non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions (the “Severance Period”).

(5)In the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason during the first 12 months following the Merger, and in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason as a result of the “Succession Trigger” (as defined in his amended employment agreement) before January 1, 2018, the vesting of Mr. Uggla’s restricted share awards will be accelerated. The value shown above is equal to the number of unvested restricted share awards multiplied by $35.94, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares, on November 30, 2016.

(6)

In the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or termination for Good Reason during the first 12 months following the Merger, and in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason as a result of the “Succession Trigger” (as defined in his amended employment agreement) before January 1, 2018, the vesting of Mr. Uggla’s stock options will be accelerated, and he will have 12 months from his termination date (or until the originally scheduled expiration date, if earlier) to exercise the options. The value shown above

is equal to $35.94, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on November 30, 2016, less the applicable exercise price multiplied by the number of unvested stock options held.

(7)In the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason, Mr. Uggla is entitled to continuation of the perquisites described in his employment agreement for the Severance Period, which include a housing allowance, car allowance and tax reimbursement with respect to the housing allowance. Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Uggla is also entitled to income tax preparation, family travel to his home country of Canada, and certain club memberships. However, because he has currently waived receipt of those benefits, their value is not determinable.

(8)Mr. Uggla is entitled to payments for the taxes due with respect to his housing allowance.

(9)The Merger constituted a Change in Control under the terms of the employment agreements held by Messrs. Uggla, Akeroyd, and Kansler and Ms. Granat; thus, as of November 30, 2016, in the event of an involuntary termination without Cause or for Good Reason, they would be entitled to Change in Control termination benefits.

(10)As of November 30, 2016, in the case of an involuntary termination without Cause or Good Reason, or if his employment terminates due to death or disability, Mr. Hyatt receives a cash severance payment equal to two times his base salary and target bonus plus a pro rata bonus payment at target, which for purposes of this table is reported on a full year basis. Mr. Hyatt’s agreement was amended in February 2017 to remove his entitlement to cash severance. See “Executive Employment Agreements” for a description of his new employment terms.

(11)In the case of an involuntary termination without Cause or Good Reason, or if his employment terminates due to death or disability, in all cases prior to January 31, 2019, Mr. Hyatt receives welfare benefits continuation for him and his family for 24 months.

(12)In the case of an involuntary termination without Cause or Good Reason, in all cases prior to January 31, 2019, Mr. Hyatt receives outplacement assistance for 24 months.

(13)In the event of an Involuntary Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason within 24 months following a Change in Control, Messrs. Akeroyd and Kansler and Ms. Granat receive a cash severance payment equal to (a) one month of base salary and target cash incentive (calculated at 150 percent of salary for this table) for every year of service, up to a maximum of 12 months, plus (b) an additional 12 months of salary and target cash incentive. The severance is payable on a monthly basis over a 12-month period, with each payment contingent upon the NEO complying with certain non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions.

(14)In the event of an Involuntary Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason within 12 months following a Change in Control, the vesting of restricted share awards held by Messrs. Akeroyd and Kansler and Ms. Granat will be accelerated (and the vesting of restricted share awards granted prior to the Merger will be accelerated if such a termination occurs after 12 months but before 24 months following the Merger). The value shown above is equal to the number of unvested restricted share awards multiplied by $35.94, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on November 30, 2016.

(15)In the event of an Involuntary Termination without Cause or Termination for Good Reason within 12 months following a Change in Control, the vesting of stock options held by Messrs. Akeroyd and Kansler and Ms. Granat will be accelerated (and the vesting of stock options granted prior to the Merger will be accelerated if such a termination occurs after 12 months but before 24 months following the Merger). In addition, each NEO will have 12 months from their respective termination date (or until the originally scheduled expiration date, if earlier) to exercise the options. The value shown above is equal to $35.94, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on November 30, 2016, less the applicable exercise price multiplied by the number of unvested stock options held.

Post Termination Payments – Jeffrey Gooch and Stephen Wolff

Effective as of September 13, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to define certain terms of Mr. Gooch’s termination, and effective as of October 5, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to define certain terms of Mr. Wolff’s termination. The terms of each agreement included a severance payment, a termination payment and accelerated vesting of unvested restricted share awards and stock options as provided for in the terms of the restricted share awards and stock options award agreements. End-of-service payments for both Messrs. Gooch and Wolff were contingent upon each signing a release that, along with other customary terms and conditions, released IHS Markit from any and all claims. Messrs. Gooch and Wolff are also each subject to non-compete and non-solicitation covenants for a period of 12 months after termination.

Actual Post-Termination Payments(1) 
Payments Upon Separation  Jeffrey Gooch ($)   Stephen Wolff ($) 

Cash Severance(2)

   1,897,000     1,355,000  

Contractual Payment (including payment in lieu of notice)

   75,182     33,489  

Termination Payment

   765,282     607,724  

Restricted Share Awards(3)

   2,787,012     1,476,321  

Stock Options(4)

   10,290,000     6,030,000  

Total

   15,184,476     9,502,534  

(1)For purposes of this table, end of service payments for Messrs. Gooch and Wolff that were made in GBP (cash severance, contractual payment, termination payment and legal fees) were converted to USD using an average annual exchange rate of 1.355 USD for 1 GBP.

(2)Messrs. Gooch and Wolff each received a severance payment equal to (a) one month of base salary and target cash incentive (calculated at 150 percent of salary for this table) for each year of service, plus (b) an additional 12 months of salary and target cash incentive. The severance is payable on a monthly basis over a 12-month period, with each payment contingent upon the former NEO remaining in compliance with certain non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions.

(3)Per the terms of Mr. Gooch’s and Mr. Wolff’s restricted share awards, respectively, the vesting of any outstanding restricted share awards was accelerated upon termination. For Mr. Gooch, the value shown above is equal to the number of accelerated restricted share awards multiplied by $36.99, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on Mr. Gooch’s termination date of September 13, 2016. For Mr. Wolff, the value shown above is equal to the number of accelerated restricted share awards multiplied by $36.75, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on Mr. Wolff’s termination date of October 5, 2016.

(4)Per the terms of Mr. Gooch’s and Mr. Wolff’s stock options, respectively, the vesting of unvested stock options was accelerated, and each former NEO was given 12 months from his termination date to exercise outstanding stock options. For Mr. Gooch, the value shown above is equal to $36.99, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on September 13, 2016, less the applicable exercise price multiplied by the number of accelerated stock options. For Mr. Wolff, the value shown above is equal to $36.75, the closing stock price of IHS Markit shares on Mr. Wolff’s termination date of October 5, 2016, less the applicable exercise price multiplied by the number of accelerated stock options.

2019.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Security Ownership


We incorporate by reference the information responsive to this Item appearing in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed no later than 120 days after November 30, 2019. The information provided under Part II, Item 5. “Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth certain information as of February 8, 2017, unless otherwise noted, as to common shares beneficially owned by: (i) each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than five percent of our common shares; (ii) each of our named executive officers listed in the 2016 Summary Compensation Table under “Executive Compensation” in this Proxy Statement; (iii) each of our directors; and (iv) all our directors and executive officers as a group.

The percentage of common shares beneficially owned is based on 434,965,635 common shares issued and outstanding as of February 8, 2017. We have only one class of shares issued and outstanding, that being common shares, and all holders of our common shares have the same voting rights. Solely for purposes of the following table and accompanying footnotes relating to beneficial ownership of our common shares, the number of common shares issued and outstanding as of February 8, 2017 includes 25,219,470 common shares held by the EBT as further described in footnote 16 to the table below and under “Employee Benefit Trust.”

In accordance with SEC rules, “beneficial ownership” includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

For purposesEquity Securities” of this table, beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance with the provisions of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act under which, in general, a personAnnual Report on Form 10-K is deemed to be the beneficial owner of a security if he or she has or shares the power to vote or direct the voting of the security or the power to dispose of or direct the disposition of the security, or if he or she has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of the security within sixty (60) days. To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table each have sole voting and investment power with respect to all common shares beneficially ownedincorporated by them. We do not know of any arrangements which would result in a change in our control.

    Common Shares
Beneficially Owned
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)  Number(2)   Percentage 

Jerre L. Stead(3)

   1,173,972     *  

Lance Uggla(4)

   1,865,326     *  

Todd Hyatt

   74,850     *  

Shane Akeroyd

   1,119,854     *  

Sari Granat

   140,598     *  

Adam Kansler

   396,602     *  

Jeffrey Gooch(5)

   295,531     *  

Stephen Wolff(6)

   30,000     *  

Dinyar S. Devitre

   51,478     *  

Ruann F. Ernst

   70,837     *  

William E. Ford(7)

   10,502,984     2.4

Balakrishnan S. Iyer(8)

   129,909     *  

Robert P. Kelly(9)

   66,256     *  

Deborah Doyle McWhinney(10)

   20,950     *  

Jean-Paul Montupet(11)

   30,678     *  

Richard W. Roedel(12)

   210,612     *  

James A. Rosenthal

   —       —    

All current directors and executive officers as a group (24 persons)

   16,921,275     3.9

Artisan Partners(13)

   43,393,572     10.0

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.(14)

   29,621,576     6.8

The Vanguard Group(15)

   26,326,470     6.1

Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust(16)

   25,219,470     5.8

*Represents less than 1 percent.

(1)Unless otherwise stated below, the address of each beneficial owner listed on the table is “c/o IHS Markit Ltd., 4th Floor, Ropemaker Place, 25 Ropemaker Street, London, England EC2Y 9LY.”

(2)The number of shares reported as beneficially owned in this column includes restricted share awards, deferred share units and options that are exercisable within 60 days. Excluded from the table above are options not exercisable within 60 days, unvested RSUs that are reported on the SEC Form 4, and performance share units that may be payable in common shares depending upon the achievement of certain performance goals. The following table presents options not exercisable within 60 days, unvested RSUs that are reported on the SEC Form 4 and performance share units that may be payable in common shares depending upon the achievement of certain performance goals.

    Excluded in Security Ownership Table Above 
Name  Options not
exercisable
within 60 days
   Unvested Restricted
Share Units With
Time-Based Vesting
   Unvested
Restricted Share
Units With
Performance-
Based Vesting
(a)
 

Jerre L. Stead

   —       248,962     322,091  

Lance Uggla

   3,800,000     —       152,091  

Todd Hyatt

   —       399,272     25,348  

Shane Akeroyd

   1,000,000     10,773     10,773  

Sari Granat

   270,000     9,506     9,505  

Adam Kansler

   1,000,000     17,111     17,110  

Jeffrey Gooch

   —       —       —    

Stephen Wolff

   —       —       —    

Dinyar Devitre

   —       1,708     —    

Ruann F. Ernst

   —       1,708     —    

William E. Ford

   —       1,708     —    

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

   —       1,708     —    

Robert Kelly

   —       1,708     —    

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

   —       1,708     —    

Jean-Paul Montupet

   —       1,708     —    

Richard W. Roedel

   —       1,708     —    

James A. Rosenthal

   —       —       —    

All current directors and executive officers as a group (24 persons)

   6,970,000     
1,729,787
  
   628,760  
(a)PSUs are reported at target performance level.

(3)Mr. Stead’s reported ownership includes 920,764 common shares held by JMJS II LLP, a family trust. Ownership includes 368,860 common shares pledged as collateral to secure certain personal indebtedness.

(4)Mr. Uggla’s reported ownership does not include common shares held through a trust, of which Mr. Uggla and certain members of his family are beneficiaries.

(5)Mr. Gooch ceased his role as an executive officer on July 12, 2016, and his share ownership is reported as of December 31, 2016 and options held as of February 8, 2017.

(6)Mr. Wolff ceased his role as an executive officer on July 12, 2016, and his share ownership is reported as of December 31, 2016 and options held as of February 8, 2017.

(7)Mr. Ford’s reported ownership includes 980 deferred share units and 10,500,000 common shares held by General Atlantic Partners Tango, L.P. (“GA Tango”). The general partner of GA Tango is GAP (Bermuda) Limited (“GAP (Bermuda) Limited”). The limited partners of GA Tango are the following General Atlantic investment funds: General Atlantic Partners (Bermuda) II, L.P. (“GAP Bermuda II”), GAP Coinvestments III, LLC (“GAPCO III”), GAP Coinvestments IV, LLC (“GAPCO IV”), GAP Coinvestments CDA, L.P. (“GAPCO CDA”) and GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG (“GAPCO KG”). The general partner of GAP Bermuda II is General Atlantic GenPar (Bermuda), L.P. (“GenPar Bermuda”) and the general partner of GenPar Bermuda is GAP (Bermuda) Limited. General Atlantic LLC (“GA LLC”) is the managing member of GAPCO III and GAPCO IV and the general partner of GAPCO CDA. GAPCO Management GmbH (“Management GmbH”) is the general partner of GAPCO KG. The Managing Directors of GA LLC are also the directors and voting shareholders of GAP (Bermuda) Limited. The Managing Directors of GA LLC make voting and investment decisions with respect to securities held by GAPCO KG and Management GmbH. Mr. Ford is the Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director of GA LLC. Mr. Ford disclaims beneficial ownership of such securities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The common shares held by GA Tango are pledged as collateral to a third party lender to secure certain indebtedness of GA Tango. Mr. Ford’s address is c/o General Atlantic Service Company, LLC, 55 East 52nd Street, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10055.

(8)Mr. Iyer’s reported ownership includes 58,827 deferred share units and 44,456 common shares held in irrevocable trusts for his children.

(9)Mr. Kelly’s reported ownership includes 1,563 deferred share units.

(10)Ms. McWhinney’s reported ownership includes 7,044 deferred share units.

(11)Mr. Montupet’s reported ownership includes 27,122 deferred share units and 3,556 common shares held in irrevocable family trusts.

(12)Mr. Roedel’s reported ownership includes 11,029 common shares held by a profit sharing plan, as well as 130,230 deferred share units and 69,353 common shares held by his wife. Mr. Roedel disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares.

(13)This information was obtained from the Schedule 13G/A jointly filed with the SEC on February 3, 2017 by Artisan Partners Limited Partnership, Artisan Investments GP LLC, Artisan Partners Holdings LP, and Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (collectively, “Artisan Partners”). Artisan Partners has shared voting power over 40,691,082 common shares and shared dispositive power over 43,393,572 common shares. These securities have been acquired on behalf of discretionary clients of APLP. Persons other than APLP are entitled to receive all dividends from, and proceeds from the sale of, those shares. None of those persons, to the knowledge of Artisan Partners has an economic interest in more than 5% of the class. The address of Artisan Partners is 875 East Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 800, Milwaukee, WI 53202.

(14)

This information was obtained from the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 7, 2017 by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“Price Associates”). Price Associates has sole voting power over 8,827,150 common shares and sole dispositive power over 29,621,576 shares. Price Associates does not serve as custodian of the assets of any of its clients; accordingly, in each instance only the client or the client’s custodian or

trustee bank has the right to receive dividends paid with respect to, and proceeds from the sale of, such securities. The ultimate power to direct the receipt of dividends paid with respect to, and the proceeds from the sale of, such securities, is vested in the individual and institutional clients which Price Associates serves as investment adviser. Any and all discretionary authority which has been delegated to Price Associates may be revoked in whole or in part at any time. To the knowledge of Price Associates, not more than 5% of the class is owned by any one client subject to the investment advice of Price Associates. The address of Price Associates is 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.

(15)This information was obtained from the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by The Vanguard Group (“Vanguard”) on February 10, 2017. Vanguard has sole voting power over 212,349 shares, shared voting power over 62,411 shares, sole dispositive power over 26,061,301 shares, and shared dispositive power over 265,169 shares. To the knowledge of Vanguard, it does not hold more than five percent of the class on behalf of another person. The address of Vanguard is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355.

(16)This information was obtained from the Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on January 23, 2017 by Intertrust Employee Benefit Trustee Limited. Intertrust Employee Benefit Trustee Limited (“IEBTL”) is the trustee of the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust (“EBT”) and has the shared power to vote, direct the voting of, dispose of and direct the disposition of all the common shares held by EBT. The address for IEBTL is 44 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey JE4 9WG, Channel Islands. Unless IHS Markit directs otherwise, IEBTL may not vote any of the shares held by the EBT and is also generally obliged to forgo dividends.

Employee Benefit Trust

The Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust (the “EBT”) is a discretionary trust established by a deed dated January 27, 2010 between Markit Group Holdings Limited and Elian Employee Benefit Trustee Limited (the “trustee”), as trustee of the EBT, through which shares and other benefits may be provided to IHS Markit’s existing and former employees in satisfaction of their rights under any compensation or share incentive arrangements established by IHS Markit. The trustee is an independent provider of fiduciary services, based in Jersey, Channel Islands. The EBT will terminate on January 27, 2090, unless terminated earlier by the trustee.

No current or former employee has the right to receive any benefit from the EBT unless and until the trustee exercises its discretion to confer a benefit. Neither IHS Markit nor any of its subsidiaries is permitted to be a beneficiary of the EBT. Subject to the exercise of the trustee’s discretion, shares held by the EBT may be delivered to such employees in satisfaction of their rights under any share incentive arrangements established by IHS Markit. We may make non-binding recommendations to the trustee regarding the EBT.

The Trustee may amend the EBT, subject to our consent, but not in any manner that would confer on IHS Markit any benefit or possibility of benefit. The principal activity of the EBT has been to acquire shares in Markit from its existing and former employees and to hold such shares for their benefit. Unless we direct otherwise, the trustee of the EBT may not vote any of the common shares held by the EBT and is also generally obliged to forgo dividends.

We have historically funded the EBT’s acquisition of common shares through interest-free loans that are repayable on demand, but without recourse to any assets other than those held by the trustee in its capacity as trustee of the EBT.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information as of November 30, 2016, the last day of fiscal year 2016, with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance.

Equity Compensation Plan Information 
Plan Category  Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights
  Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
  Number of securities
remaining available
for issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected
in the first column)
 
    (in millions)      (in millions) 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

   49.0(1)  $24.89(2)   20.9(3) 

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders.

   —      —      —    

Total.

   49.0   $24.89    20.9  

(1)Includes (a) 39.7 million stock options, (b) 8.3 million restricted share units and 0.4 million performance share units at target performance levels that were issued with no exercise price or other consideration, (b) 0.3 million shares reserved for issuance if maximum performance on performance share units is met, and (c) 0.3 million deferred share units payable to non-employee directors upon their termination of service.

(2)The weighted-average exercise price is reported for the outstanding stock options reported in the first column. There are no exercise prices for the restricted share units, performance share units or deferred share units included in the first column. There are no other outstanding warrants or rights.

(3)Includes shares repurchased by the Company upon vesting of restricted share units and performance share units for a value equal to the minimum statutory tax liability.

reference herein.


Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

Credit Agreement

Until December 31, 2016, James Rosenthal, a director on our board, was an executive officer of Morgan Stanley, whose affiliate is a party


We incorporate by reference the information responsive to and a lender under our revolving credit facility and term loan entered into in July 2016, and as such Mr. Rosenthal may have had an indirect interestthis Item appearing in our revolving credit facility and term loan. Morgan Stanley received standard fees and interest for loans made under the revolving credit facility and term loan. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2016 fiscal year for further information on our revolving credit facility and term loan.

Use of Aircraft

From time to time, the Company leases, on a non-exclusive basis, an aircraft operated by Jet Exchange Limited (“Jet Exchange”) for business-related purposes. The aircraft is owned by LJUG Partners LP, inProxy Statement, which Lance Uggla, our President, has a partial interest. The Company leases the aircraft on a per use basis from Jet Exchange and is not required to lease any minimum number of hours on the aircraft. Based on quotes for similar services provided by unrelated third parties, the Company believes that the lease rates paid to Jet Exchange were no less favorable to the Company than those that couldwill be obtained from unrelated third parties. For fiscal year 2016, the Company paid an aggregate of $0.45 million to Jet Exchange for use of the aircraft. If Mr. Uggla uses the aircraft for business-related travel purposes, he is reimbursed per usage up to the equivalent amount of commercial airline fare in accordance with our travel policy.

Director nomination agreement

In Markit’s initial public offering in 2014, CPPIB purchased approximately $250 million of our common shares at the initial public offering price, and was given the right to nominate, in consultation with our Nominating and Governance Committee, one director for appointment to our Board of Directors pursuant to a Director Nomination Agreement with us. This right will expire if CPPIB’s beneficial ownership of our common shares falls below 100 percent of the number of common shares CPPIB purchased in Markit’s initial public offering. At the time of the Merger, CPPIB determined that it would not choose to designate a nominee to our Board at that time.

Registration rights agreement

On June 24, 2014, we entered into a registration rights and lock-up agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with our executive officers at the time and certain shareholders. On June 10, 2015, the Registration Rights Agreement was amended in connection with a secondary offering of shares at that time (the “2015 Secondary Offering”) in which the shareholders were permitted to sell up to 85 percent of their Initial Ownership Common Shares (as defined below). The agreement, as amended, provides for the restrictions and rights set forth below. For purposes of this section only, Bank of America, Barclays, BNP Paribas, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, J.P. Morgan, Morgan Stanley, RBS, UBS, and Credit Suisse are referred to as the “Bank Shareholders,” and General Atlantic, Temasek and CPPIB are referred to as the “PE Shareholders.” The Bank Shareholders, PE Shareholders and the other persons party to the agreement are collectively referred to in this section as the “Shareholders.”

Transfer restrictions. Without our written consent, the Bank Shareholders and PE Shareholders are not permitted to transfer any common shares they beneficially owned as of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering (the “Initial Ownership Common Shares”) except (i) to certain permitted transferees (which, as a condition of transfer, must agree to be bound by the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement), (ii) after the first anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering, in accordance with the registration rights provisions and the other transfer restrictions described below, or (iii) in the case of the Bank Shareholders, when the transfer restrictions cease to applyfiled no later than the fifth anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering and, in the case of the PE Shareholders, when the transfer restrictions cease to apply no later than the fourth anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering. With respect to a Bank Shareholder, no more than 25 percent of such Bank Shareholder’s Initial Ownership Common Shares may be transferred pursuant to clause (ii) in each successive 12-month period beginning on the first anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering or any anniversary thereof. With respect to a PE Shareholder, no more than33-1/3 percent of such PE Shareholder’s Initial Ownership Common Shares may be transferred pursuant to clause (ii) in each successive 12-month period beginning on the first anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering or any anniversary thereof. If, however, any Bank Shareholder or PE Shareholder does not transfer the maximum allowable number of Initial Ownership Common Shares in any 12-month period, such remaining number of Initial Ownership Common Shares will be available for transfer in the next subsequent 12-month period, and if a Bank Shareholder or PE Shareholder sold more than 25 percent or33-1/3 percent, as applicable, of such Shareholder’s Initial Ownership Common Shares in the 2015 Secondary Offering, then the number of such shares such Shareholder would be permitted to sell in each remaining 12-month period is proportionally reduced.

In addition, our President, Lance Uggla, separately agreed with us to transfer restrictions on 3,000,000 common shares either held by him or to which he is a beneficiary, on terms substantially similar to the transfer restrictions applicable to the PE Shareholders.

Demand registration rights. Subject to the transfer restrictions described above, any two Shareholders that are either Bank Shareholders or PE Shareholders, or both will be entitled to request

that we effect up to an aggregate of four demand registrations under the Registration Rights Agreement, but no more than one demand registration within (i) a period of 90120 days after the effective date of any other demand registration statement or (ii) any successive 12-month period beginning on the first anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering or any anniversary thereof. Within ten business days of our receiving a demand notice, we must give notice of such requested demand registration to the other Shareholders. Within five business days after the date of our notice, any of such other Shareholders may request that we also effect the registration of certain of their common shares that are eligible for registration. Any demand registration through the fourth anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering is required to meet an expected aggregate gross proceeds threshold of $100 million.

The demand registration rights are subject to certain customary conditions and limitations, including customary underwriter cut back rights and our ability to defer registration. If any Shareholders are cut back by the underwriters, they may either seek a waiver from us permitting them to sell any excluded common shares by any means available under the Securities Act or request that we effect a second demand registration, which would not be deemed one of the four available demand registrations. If, in connection with a second demand registration, any Shareholders are cut back by the underwriters, then such Shareholders may sell any excluded common shares by any means available under the Securities Act.

In addition, if, subsequent to the fourth anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering, any PE Shareholder owns 100 percent of the number of its Initial Ownership Common Shares and our Board of Directors includes a PE Shareholder director nominee, such PE Shareholder will be entitled to one additional demand registration (which each other PE Shareholder may join so long as it satisfies the same requirements as the requesting PE Shareholder). Such additional demand registration shall not be deemed one of the four available demand registrations. In addition, if, as of the fourth anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering, any Shareholder owns more than 5 percent of our issued and outstanding common shares, then such Shareholder will be entitled to one additional demand registration (which any other Shareholder may join so long as it satisfies the same requirements as the requesting Shareholder). Such additional demand registration shall not be deemed one of the four available demand registrations.

Shelf registration rights. Subject to the transfer restrictions described above, at any time after the first anniversary of the closing of Markit’s initial public offering, if we are eligible to use a shelf registration statement, then any two Shareholders that are either Bank Shareholders or PE Shareholders, or both, will be entitled to request that we effect a shelf registration on similar terms as the demand registrations described above, except that offerings will be conducted as underwritten takedowns. Each underwritten takedown constitutes a demand registration for purposes of the four demand registrations we are obligated to effectuate subject to the additional demand rights described in the immediately preceding paragraph.

The Registration Rights Agreement provides that we must pay all registration expenses (other than fees and expenses of the Shareholders, including counsel fees and any underwriting discounts and commissions) in connection with any effected demand registration or shelf registration. The Registration Rights Agreement contains customary indemnification and contribution provisions.

Indemnification agreements

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements and our bye-laws require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Review and Approval of Related Person Transactions

We have adopted a set of written related person transaction policies designed to minimize potential conflicts of interest arising from any dealings we may have with our affiliates and to provide appropriate procedures for the disclosure, approval and resolution of any real or potential conflicts of interest which may exist from time to time. Such transactions generally include any non-ordinary course transaction and the persons involved include any IHS Markit directors, nominees for director, executive officers, a person or entity that is known to be a beneficial owner of more than 5 percent of our voting securities,, or any immediate family members or affiliates of any of them. It could include direct or indirect material interests in the transaction or the persons involved.

Our Board of Directors has delegated to the Nominating and Governance Committee the responsibility for reviewing related person transactions. Such policies and procedures provide, among other things, that all related person transactions require approval by our Nominating and Governance Committee, after considering all relevant facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the commercial reasonableness of the terms, the benefit and perceived benefit, or lack thereof, to us, opportunity costs of alternative transactions, the materiality and character of the related party’s direct or indirect interest, and the actual or apparent conflict of interest of the related party, and after determining that the transaction is in, or not inconsistent with, our best interests.

To support this process, each year we solicit internal disclosure of any transactions between IHS Markit and its directors and executive officers, their immediate family members, and their affiliated entities, including the nature of each transaction and the amount involved. In addition, all directors, officers, and employees of IHS Markit are governed by the IHS Markit Business Code of Conduct and our Conflict of Interest Policy, which require directors, officers and employees to inform the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer of any existing or proposed relationship, financial interest, or business transaction that could be, or might appear to constitute, a conflict of interest or a related party transaction. The Nominating and Governance Committee annually reviews and evaluates all information received for each director as part of its assessment of each director’s independence.

There have been no related person transactions since the adoption of the related person transaction policy where such policy was not followed.

Director Independence

Please see “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance – Independent and Non-Management Directors” for a discussion of director independence.

November 30, 2019.


Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit, Audit-Related, and Tax Fees

In connection with


We incorporate by reference the audit of the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year endedinformation responsive to this Item appearing in our Proxy Statement, which will be filed no later than 120 days after November 30, 2016, IHS Markit entered into an engagement agreement with Ernst & Young LLP that set forth the terms by which Ernst & Young LLP performed audit services for IHS Markit. Aggregate fees for professional services rendered for us by Ernst & Young LLP for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2016, and for IHS Inc., our accounting predecessor company, for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2015, were as follows:

 

 
   2016   2015 

 

 
   (in thousands) 

Audit Fees

  $7,393    $2,670  

Audit-Related Fees

   1,918     708  

Tax Fees

   53     19  

All Other Fees

   —       —    

 

 

Total

  $9,364    $3,397  

 

 

Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated2019.



PART IV

Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a)Index of Financial Statements

The financial statements the statutory audit of our subsidiaries, the review of our interim consolidated financial statements, and other services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings.

Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services may include employee benefit plan audits, auditing work on proposed transactions, attestation services that are not required by regulation or statute, and consultations regarding financial accounting or reporting standards. For 2016, audit-related fees included approximately $1,043,000 for professional services rendered related to acquisitions and divestitures, including the Merger. For 2015, audit-related fees included approximately $529,000 for professional services rendered related to acquisitions and divestitures.

Tax Fees. Tax fees consist of tax compliance consultations, preparation of tax reports, and other tax services.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee has implemented pre-approval policies and procedures related to the provision of audit and non-audit services by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accountants. Under these procedures, the Audit Committee pre-approves both the type of services to be provided by Ernst & Young LLP and the estimated fees related to these services.

During the approval process, the Audit Committee considers the impact of the types of services and the related fees on the independence of the registered public accountants. The services and fees must be deemed compatible with the maintenance of such accountants’ independence, including compliance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”) and the NASDAQ Stock Market.

The Audit Committee has delegated authority to pre-approve services performed by Ernst & Young LLP to the chair of the Audit Committee for services of up to $500,000, with any approvals pursuant to

such delegated authority regularly reported to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has not delegated any of its responsibilities to pre-approve services performed by Ernst & Young LLP to management. Throughout the year, the Audit Committee will review any revisions to the estimates of audit and non-audit fees initially approved. No such services were approved pursuant to the procedures described in Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) of Regulation S-X, which waives the general requirement for pre-approval in certain circumstances.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Index of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as part of this report on Form 10-K (see Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data).

(b) Index of Exhibits


(b)Index of Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:


Exhibit

Number

Description

Exhibit
Number
Description
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 20, 2016, by and among IHS Inc., Markit Ltd., and Marvel Merger Sub, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Markit Ltd. Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K (file no. 001-36495) filedfurnished on March 21, 2016)
2016 (second Form 6-K))
2.2Membership Interest Purchase
May 23, 2018)
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. registration statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-198711)333-195687), filed on May 5, 2014)
3.2
Memorandum of Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Amendment No. 2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. registration statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-198711)333-195687), filed on June 3, 2014)
3.3
Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 11, 2016)
3.4
Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)
3.5
Amended and Restated Bye-laws of IHS Markit Ltd. (Effective as of April 11, 2019) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495), filed on July 13, 2016)April 12, 2019)
3.6*
4.14.1*
4.2
Director Nomination Agreement between IHS Markit Ltd. (f/k/a Markit Ltd.) and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (fileno. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
4.3
Registration Rights Agreement among IHS Markit Ltd. (f/k/a Markit Ltd.) and the shareholders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)

Exhibit

Number

Description

4.4
Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement among IHS Markit Ltd. (f/k/a Markit Ltd.) and the Shareholders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 11, 2016)
4.5Transfer Restriction Letter Agreement among IHS Markit Ltd. (f/k/a Markit Ltd.), Lance Uggla and Pan Praewood (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 11, 2016)
4.6
Senior Notes Indenture, dated as of October 28, 2014, among the Company,IHS Inc., the Guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the IHS Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2014)
4.6
4.7
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 11, 2016, by and between IHS Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. (Incorporated(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the IHS Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 12, 2016)13, 2016 (second Form 8-K))
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.10


4.94.11Form
Base Indenture, dated as of July 23, 2018, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s 5.000%IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on
July 23, 2018)
4.12
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 23, 2018, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (including the form of 4.125% Senior NotesNote due 20222023) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on July 28, 2016)23, 2018)
4.13
4.10Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement among Markit Ltd., Markit Group Holdings Limited and the Purchasers named therein
10.1+Amended and Restated 2004 Markit Additional Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.2+Amended and Restated Markit 2006 Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.3+Amended and Restated Markit 2006 Additional Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.4+Amended and Restated Markit 2007 Share Option Plan4.750% Senior Notes due 2028) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. AnnualCurrent Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 20148-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)July 23, 2018
4.14
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 8, 2019, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (including the form of 3.625% Senior Note due 2024)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on April 8, 2019)
10.5+4.15Amended
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 8, 2019, between the Company and Restated Markit 2008 Share Option Plan (1/3 vesting)Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (including the form of 4.250% Senior Note due 2029) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.54.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. AnnualCurrent Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 20148-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)April 8, 2019)
10.1+
10.6+Amended and Restated Markit 2008 Share Option Plan (1/5 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)

Exhibit

Number

Description

10.7+Amended and Restated Markit 2008 Additional Share Option Plan (1/3 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report onForm 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.8+Amended and Restated Markit 2008 Additional Share Option Plan (1/5 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report onForm 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.9+Amended and Restated Markit 2009 Additional Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.10+Amended and Restated Markit 2009 Share Option Plan (1/3 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.11+Amended and Restated Markit 2009 Share Option Plan (1/5 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.12+Amended and Restated Markit 2010 Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.13+Amended and Restated Markit 2010 Share Option Plan (1/3 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.14+Amended and Restated Markit 2010 Share Option Plan (1/5 vesting) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.15+Amended and Restated 2011 Markit Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.16+Amended and Restated 2012 Markit Share Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.18 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.17+Amended and Restated 2012 Markit Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.18+
Amended and Restated 2013 Markit Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.2+
10.19+
Amended and Restated 2013 Markit Share Option Plan (mid-year awards April through December 2013) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.22 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.3+
10.20+
Amended and Restated 2014 Markit Share Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.24 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)

Exhibit

Number

10.4+

Description

10.21+
Amended and Restated Markit Key Employee Incentive Program (KEIP) (Incorporated(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.5+
10.22+
Amendment #1 to Amended and Restated Key Employee Incentive Program (Incorporated(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)
10.6+
10.23+
Amendment #2 to Amended and Restated Key Employee Incentive Program (Incorporated(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.7+
10.24+
Form of Indemnification Agreement between IHS Markit Ltd. and its Directors and Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)
10.8+
10.25+Amendment to IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)March 26, 2019)
10.9+*
10.26+Amendment #2 to
10.10+
Executive Retirement Policy (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2610.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on September 24, 2019)
10.11+
IHS Markit Ltd. Policy on Recovery of Incentive Compensation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2016)2017)
10.12+
10.27+Amendment #3 to IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.28+
IHS Markit Ltd. Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.13+
10.29+Summary of
IHS Markit Ltd. 2016Summary of 2017 Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (April 2017) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on June 27, 2017)
10.14+
IHS Markit Ltd. Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy (Effective December 1, 2019)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on September 24, 2019)
10.15+
IHS Markit Ltd. Summary of 2020 Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (Effective December 1, 2019)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on September 24, 2019)
10.16+*
10.17+*
10.18+*
10.19+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2019 Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Directors)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on June 26, 2019)
10.20+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2019 Form of Deferred Share Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Directors)(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on June 26, 2019)
10.21+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2019 Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement (Time Based) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 26, 2019)
10.22+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2019 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)March 26, 2019)


10.30+10.23+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2018 Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement (Time Based) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 27, 2018)
10.24+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2018 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 27, 2018)
10.25+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2016 Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.26+
10.31+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2016 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.27+
10.32+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2016 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 28, 2017)
10.28+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2016 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 28, 2017)
10.29+
IHS Markit Ltd. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan - 2016 Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 28, 2017)
10.30+
10.31+
10.33+

Exhibit

Number

10.32+

Description

10.34+
10.33+
10.35+IHS
10.36+IHS Markit Ltd. Deferred Compensation Plan Adoption Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.37+Form of Indemnification Agreement between IHS Markit Ltd. and its Directors and Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-QDecember 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)March 10, 2015)
10.34+
10.38+IHS Markit Ltd. Policy on Recovery of Incentive Compensation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.39+
Amended and Restated IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)
10.35+
10.40+
Amendment #1 to the Amended and Restated IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
10.36+
10.41+
Amended and Restated IHS Inc. 2004 Directors Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the IHS Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 31, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 22, 2014)
10.37+
10.42+Summary
Form of Indemnification Agreement between IHS Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensationand its Directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.210.30 to the IHS Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 31, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 22, 2014)
10.43+IHS Inc. Supplemental Income Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28Amendment No. 4 to the IHS Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1S-1/A (No. 333-122565) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2005, as amended).May 20, 2005)
10.38+
10.44+IHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan
Contract of Employment for Lance Uggla dated as of July 1, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1510.66 to the IHS Inc. Annual ReportAmendment No. 1 on Form 10-K10-K/A for IHS Markit Ltd. for the period ended November 30, 20142016 (file no. 001-32511)001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)February 21, 2017)
10.39+
10.45+IHS Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Adoption Agreement
First Amendment dated March 19, 2016 to contract of employment for Lance Uggla (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)

Exhibit

Number

Description

10.46+IHS Inc. Policy on Recoupment of Incentive Compensation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)
10.47+IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan- Form of 2007 Restricted Stock Unit Award-Time-Based (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2006 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2007)
10.48+IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan- Form of 2007 Restricted Stock Unit Award-Performance-Based (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2006 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2007)
10.49+IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan- Form of 2010 Restricted Stock Unit Award-Performance-Based (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the IHS Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 10, 2010)
10.50+IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan- Form of 2011 Restricted Stock Unit Award-Performance-Based (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2010 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2011)
10.51+IHS Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan- Form of 2016 Restricted Stock Unit Award-Time-Based (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1410.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on October 7, 2016)March 28, 2017)
10.40+
10.52+Form
Second Amendment dated January 24, 2017 to contract of Indemnification Agreement between IHS Inc. and its Directorsemployment for Lance Uggla (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to10.2 of the IHS Inc. Registration StatementMarkit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form S-1(10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 27, 2017)
10.41+
Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Lance Uggla (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on June 26, 2019)
10.42+
Letter Agreement for Todd Hyatt dated October 31, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Amendment No. 333-122565)1 on Form 10-K/A for IHS Markit Ltd. for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2005, as amended)21, 2017)
10.43+
Letter Agreement Amendment for Todd Hyatt dated July 8, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A for IHS Markit Ltd. for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2017)
10.44+
Second Amendment dated February 3, 2017 to letter agreement for Todd Hyatt (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 28, 2017)
10.45+
Letter of Assignment for Todd Hyatt dated July 8, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A for IHS Markit Ltd. for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2017)
10.46+
Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Adam Kansler (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 27, 2018)
10.47+
Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Jonathan Gear (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the IHS Markit
Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 27, 2018)


10.5310.48+
Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Sari Granat dated July 16, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 26, 2019)
10.49+
Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Daniel Yergin dated June 14, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 26, 2019)
10.50
Amendment dated February 14, 2019 to Amended and Restated Terms of Employment for Daniel Yergin dated June 14, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 26, 2019)
10.51
Credit Agreement dated as of July 12, 2016November 29, 2019 by and among IHS Markit Ltd., the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on December 2, 2019)
10.52
Credit Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2019, by and among IHS Markit Ltd., as the Borrower, the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and certain lenders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on July 13, 2016)September 19, 2019)
21.1*
10.54Guaranty Agreement (US), dated as of July 12, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on July 13, 2016)
10.55Guaranty Agreement (Non-US), dated as of July 12, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on July 13, 2016)
10.56Credit Agreement by and among IHS Inc., certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. (Canada Branch), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, SunTrust Bank, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., dated as of October 17, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)

Exhibit

Number

Description

10.57First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among IHS Inc., certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. (Canada Branch), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, SunTrust Bank, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., dated as of November 5, 2015 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2015 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 15, 2016)
10.58Second Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among IHS Inc., certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. (Canada Branch), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, SunTrust Bank, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., dated as of February 10, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the IHS Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended February 28, 2016 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2016)
10.59Credit Agreement (amending and restating the Credit Agreement dated as of July 15, 2013, as amended) by and among IHS Inc., IHS Global Inc., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Citizens Bank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, and SunTrust Bank, dated as of October 17, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2014 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2015)
10.60First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among IHS Inc., IHS Global Inc., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Citizens Bank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, and SunTrust Bank, dated as of November 5, 2015 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to the IHS Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2015 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 15, 2016)
10.61Second Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among IHS Inc., IHS Global Inc., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank N.A., Compass Bank, TD Bank, N.A., Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Citizens Bank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, N.A., BNP Paribas, Bank of the West, and SunTrust Bank, dated as of February 10, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the IHS Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended February 28, 2016 (file no. 001-32511) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2016)

Exhibit

Number

Description

10.62Credit Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on January 26, 2017)
10.63Guaranty Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on January 26, 2017)
10.64Deriv/SERV Support Agreement by and among DTCC Deriv/SERV LLC, The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation and MarkitSERV, LLC, dated as of April 2, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 of the IHS Markit Ltd. registration statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-198711) filed on May 5, 2014) (Filed in redacted form subject to a Request for Confidential Treatment that was granted)
10.65+Markit Ltd. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.30 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014 (file no. 001-36495) filed on March 10, 2015)
10.66+*Contract of Employment for Lance Uggla dated as of July 1, 2014
10.67+*Letter Agreement for Todd Hyatt dated October 31, 2013
10.68+*Letter Agreement Amendment for Todd Hyatt dated July 8, 2016
10.69+*Letter of Assignment for Todd Hyatt dated July 8, 2016
10.70+*Employment Agreement for Shane Akeroyd dated as of July 1, 2014
10.71+*Employment Agreement Amendment for Shane Akeroyd dated as of July 11, 2016
10.72+*Relocation Letter for Shane Akeroyd dated September 29, 2016
10.73+*Employment Agreement for Adam Kansler dated as of July 1, 2014
10.74+*Employment Agreement Amendment for Adam Kansler dated as of July 11, 2016
10.75+*Employment Agreement for Sari Granat dated as of September 1, 2015
10.76+*Employment Agreement Amendment for Sari Granat dated as of July 11, 2016
10.77+*Employment Agreement for Jeff Gooch dated as of July 1, 2014
10.78+*Settlement Agreement for Jeff Gooch
10.79+*Employment Agreement for Stephen Wolff dated as of July 1, 2014
10.80+*Settlement Agreement for Stephen Wolff
16.1Letter of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, dated July 12, 2016, regarding change in independent registered public accounting firm (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 of the IHS Markit Ltd. Current Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-36495) filed on July 13, 2016)
21.1
23.1*
23.1

Exhibit

Number

24.1*

Description

24.1
31.1*
31.2*
32*
101.INSXBRL Instance Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.INS to- the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K forinstance document does not appear in the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed withInteractive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.SCH to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.CAL to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.DEF to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.LAB to the IHS Markit Ltd. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)
101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101.PRE to the IHS Markit Ltd.
104The cover page from this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the period ended November 30, 2016 (file no. 001-36495) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2017)formatted as Inline XBRL.

* Filed herewith.
+ Compensatory plan or arrangement.

*Filed herewith.
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary
+Compensatory plan or arrangement.

(c) Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules for the Registrant have been omitted since the required information is not present or because the information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.


None.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

IHS MARKIT LTD.

By:

 

/s/ Todd S. Hyatt

Name: Name:Todd S. Hyatt
Title: Title:Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Date: February 21, 2017Date:January 17, 2020



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 21, 2017.

January 17, 2020.

Signature

Title

/s/    Jerre L. Stead        

Jerre L. Stead

Signature
 Title
 

/s/ Lance UgglaChairman and Chief Executive Officer

    (Principal

Lance Uggla(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Todd S. Hyatt

Todd S. Hyatt

 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer     (Principal
Todd S. Hyatt(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Michael Easton

Michael Easton

 

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

    (Principal Accounting Officer)

*

Dinyar S. Devitre

Michael Easton
 (Principal Accounting Officer)
* Director

*

Ruann F. Ernst

The Lord Browne of Madingley
 
* Director

*

William E. Ford

Dinyar S. Devitre
 
* Director

*

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

Ruann F. Ernst
 
* Director

*

Robert P. Kelly

William E. Ford
 
* Director

*

Deborah Doyle McWhinney

Nicoletta Giadrossi
 
* Director

*

Jean-Paul L. Montupet

Robert P. Kelly
 
* Director

*

Richard W. Roedel

Deborah Doyle McWhinney
 
* Director

*

James A. Rosenthal

Jean-Paul L. Montupet
 
* Director

*

Lance Uggla

Deborah K. Orida
 
* Director and President

*By:

Richard W. Roedel
 

/s/

*Director
James A. Rosenthal
*By: /s/ Todd S. Hyatt

 
Todd S. Hyatt
 
Attorney-in-Fact

80


89