This Annual Report on Form 10-K/10-K, including the information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, as well as information contained in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend that these forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created by those provisions. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than historical facts are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of these provisions, including, but not limited to, any projections of earnings, revenues or other financial terms, any statements of plans or objectives of management for future operations, any statements regarding COVID-19, any statements concerning proposed new products or licensing or collaborative arrangements, any statements regarding future economic or performance, any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our future financial results include, but are not limited to, risks associated with :

Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore there can be no assurance that such statements will be accurate. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions referred to above that could cause our results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A hereto and the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed from time to time in our other public filings and public announcements. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us as of the date hereof. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be achieved. Furthermore, past performance in operations and share price is not necessarily indicative of future performance. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

As used in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Minim” and the “Company” mean Minim, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

PART I

ITEM 1 – BUSINESS

Overview

Minim was founded in 1977 as a networking company and now delivers intelligent software to protect and improve the WiFi connections we depend on to work, learn, and live. Headquartered in Manchester, New Hampshire, Minim holds the exclusive global license to design, manufacture, and sell consumer networking products under the Motorola brand. Our cable and WiFi products, with an intelligent operating system and bundled mobile app, can be found in leading retailers and e-commerce channels in the United States (“U.S.”). Our AI-driven cloud software platform and applications make network management and security simple for home and business users, as well as the service providers that assist them— leading to higher customer satisfaction and decreased support burden.

Our mission is to make WiFi safe and supportive for everyone. We believe that to do this, we must develop and distribute connectivity software that delivers frequent network security updates, helpful apps, extensive personalization options, and a delightful interface. As people increasingly depend on their WiFi for streaming, working, learning, telemedicine, education, and potentially the Metaverse, our primary objective is to leverage trends and build upon our position as a leading provider of intelligent networking products. We can accomplish this by innovating advanced products with the latest connectivity standards and expanding our footprint both nationally and globally via top retailers, e-commerce platforms, and app stores.

On December 4, 2020, Minim acquired Zoom Connectivity, Inc. (“Zoom Connectivity”). Zoom Connectivity is a Delaware corporation that delivered its WiFi management and security Software as a Service (“SaaS”) to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to unlock bottom line growth through increased subscriber acquisition, retention, and support cost efficiency. The Zoom Connectivity solution offered a web application for customer service representatives to effectively support subscribers and a mobile app for home users to manage their network settings, security, privacy and parental controls. The Company’s intuitive applications, built on proprietary device fingerprinting technology, also empowers businesses to secure and manage satellite offices and remote employee networks. Offering a full API suite, the Minim platform has been integrated with third-party hardware platforms and has been designed for ultra-extensibility as wireless technology advances. Subsequent to the merger, the Company re-branded itself as Minim from Zoom Telephonics.

As Minim has been investing in WiFi software development, cable modem products, including both cable modems and cable modem/routers (“gateways”), were Minim’s highest revenue product category between 2015 through 2021. Cable modems provide a high-bandwidth connection to the Internet through a cable service provider’s managed broadband network. Minim began shipping cable modems in 2000 and acquired a geographically-restricted license to sell Motorola-branded cable networking products in 2016. From 2016 through 2021, the Company sold networking products under its previously-owned ZOOM trademark as well as the Motorola brand. Minim’s primary means of distribution to end-users in the U.S., our primary market, is through national retailers, e-commerce platforms, and distributors. In response to demand for faster connection speeds, security by design, and increased functionality, we have invested and continue to invest resources to advance our cable modem product line.

Strategy Overview

Our strategy is to address the increasing demands of broadband users with advanced technology and build upon our position as a leading home networking product supplier in many of the largest U.S. high-volume retailers. The key pillars to our strategy are as follows:

Distribute high-margin software – Our cloud-based software is currently a companion to home networking equipment and has the potential to be distributed on its own. We are focused on transforming our established hardware sales into a platform for software distribution and have an ambitious roadmap to make it so much more. We believe quality WiFi software is a profit driver, lending to higher Average Selling Prices (ASPs) and the ability to form a lasting relationship with an end user for product upsells. In addition, our APIs allow third-party hardware vendors and ISPs to leverage Minim in their own products.

Customer-driven design – With continued investment in warranties and omni-channel customer service, we see our direct and frequent connection to end users as a market advantage that informs our product roadmap. The Company continues to invest in research and development with the latest connectivity standards— such as DOCSIS 3.1, WiFi 6 and 6E, EasyMesh, and 5G— to design advanced products while optimizing costs to maintain a healthy, price segmented portfolio. In 2021, the Company brought firmware development in-house (“MinimOS”) to accelerate product time-to-market and improve Quality of Experience; as part of this, Minim is now part of the widely supported TIP Open WiFi community.

Expand sales reach – We maintain strong sales channel relationships by delivering value-driven products in a way that complements, not challenges, our resellers’ profitability. We believe this is a competitive edge that affords us wider access to the total addressable market through both retailers and ISPs. As we invest in marketing and new product introductions to existing channels, we consider new market entrances.

Strengthen supply chain resiliency – The Company continues to adjust its manufacturing operations and delivery mechanisms to reduce operational costs. We continue to build supply chain diversity to improve our operational resiliency to geopolitical, weather-related, and market-based risks to our product supply.

Products

General

We are the creator of innovative Internet access products that dependably connect people to the information they need and the people they love. Our hardware portfolio includes: cable modems, cable modem/routers, mobile broadband modems, wireless routers, MoCA adapters, and mesh home networking devices. Our SaaS platform includes: mobile applications, a web application, API suites, and an open-source embedded agent for networking devices.

We have sold home networking products under the globally-recognized Motorola brand, as well as under our previously owned ZOOM trademark. Our hardware and SaaS products are purchased by consumers to support and protect their family’s connected devices; ISPs to reduce support costs and increase revenue with digitally transformed support and value-added services; and by businesses to affordably support and secure satellite and remote worker networks.

In May 2015, Minim entered into an agreement to license certain Motorola trademarks from Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC (“Motorola”) for cable modem products. The agreement includes numerous requirements intended to assure the quality and reputation of Motorola® brand products. In January 2016, Minim, through its MTRLC LLC subsidiary, which was formed on October 6, 2015, began shipping cable modems under the Motorola® brand. In August 2016, we extended our Motorola license to a worldwide exclusive license that includes cable modems and gateways, WiFi routers, WiFi range extenders, powerline communication devices, and related products. In August 2017, we further extended our Motorola license to a worldwide exclusive license for DSL modems and gateways, cellular modems and gateways, and MoCA products, and to a worldwide non-exclusive license for cellular sensors. We introduced under the Motorola brand two WiFi routers, one range extender, and one MoCA adapter in 2017. In 2018, we introduced into the retail market under the Motorola brand two WiFi routers and a DSL modem/router. In March 2020, Minim entered into an amendment to extend the License Agreement with Motorola Mobility LLC (the “2020 Amendment”) through December 31, 2025. The 2020 Amendment expands Minim’s exclusive license to use the Motorola trademark to a wide range of authorized channels worldwide, including Direct to Consumer Channels and Service Provider Channels. In March 2020, Minim entered into a License Agreement with Motorola Mobility LLC to sell consumer grade home security and monitoring products and to provide related services (the “2020 License Agreement”). The term of the 2020 License Agreement runs through December 31, 2025 and includes minimum licensing payments beginning in 2021 and continuing through the remainder of the agreement term. The 2020 License Agreement applies to a wide range of products, including consumer grade cellular modems and gateways, DSL modems and gateways, and MoCA adapters for networking and home security products and services.

Home Networking Hardware

Our networking hardware products connect homes and small offices to the Internet, create wireless networks, and extend the wireless signal. These products are now primarily available through retail and e-commerce channels in the U.S.

SaaS

The Minim SaaS platform offers three core software components:

Products for Markets outside North America

The vast majority of our sales were in North America from 2015 through 2021 because the business predominantly sold cable modem and modem/router products, and the U.S. is by far the largest market for cable modems sold through retailers. However, we expect to see growth outside North America as we expand our ISP customer base and portfolio of retail routers, mesh systems, and other local area network products under our worldwide Motorola brand license.

Networking hardware products for countries outside the U.S. typically differ from a similar product for the U.S. because of varied regulatory and certification requirements, country-specific phone jacks and AC power adapters, and language needs. As a result, the introduction of new products into markets outside North America can incur significant costs and time to market. In 1993, we introduced our first dial-up modem approved for selected Western European countries. Since then, we have sold our products into a number of markets outside North America. We have received regulatory certifications for a number of countries, including the U.S., the United Kingdom (“UK”), and Canada. We have planned product line enhancements to enable new market expansion. Most importantly for sales outside the U.S., we are working toward selling Motorola brand home networking hardware and SaaS products in the UK, Canada, Latin America, India, Mexico and other regions.

Sales Channels

General

We sell our products primarily through high-volume retailers and distributors (“B2C”), Internet service providers, individual businesses (“B2B”), service providers, value-added resellers, PC system integrators, and Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”). We support our major accounts in their efforts to discern strategic directions in the market, to maintain appropriate inventory levels, and to offer a balanced selection of attractive products.

Relatively few customers account for a substantial portion of the Company’s revenues. In 2021, two customers accounted for 10% or greater individually, and 92% in the aggregate of the Company’s total net sales. At December 31, 2021, four customers with an accounts receivable balance of 10% or greater individually accounted for a combined 86% of the Company’s accounts receivable. In 2020, two customers accounted for 10% or greater individually, and 76% in the aggregate of the Company’s total net sales. At December 31, 2020, three customers with an accounts receivable balance of 10% or greater individually accounted for a combined 85% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

Distributors and Retailers outside North America

In markets outside North America we sell and ship our hardware products primarily to distributors. Our SaaS is globally sold via licenses to ISPs and Resellers globally. We believe that sales growth outside North America will continue to require substantial additional investments of resources for product design and testing, regulatory certifications, native-language instruction manuals and software, packaging, sales support, and technical support. We have made this investment in the past for many countries, and we expect to make this investment for some countries and products in the future. However, we anticipate that the majority of sales in the next two years will come from North America, partly because the U.S. is one of the few countries with a robust retail cable modem market due to Federal regulations in the U.S. As we expand our product portfolio beyond cable modems and serve ISPs directly and through Reseller relationships, we envision the proportion of our sales from countries outside the U.S. will increase.

North American High-volume Retailers and Distributors

In North America we reach the retail market primarily through high-volume retailers. Our North American retailers include Best Buy, Micro Center, Target, Wal-Mart, and e-tail and e-commerce platforms including Amazon.

We sell significant quantities of our products through distributors, who often sell to corporate accounts, retailers, service providers, value-added resellers, equipment manufacturers, and other customers. Our North American distributors include D&H Distributing and Ingram Micro.

Internet Service Providers & Businesses

Minim works with over 140 ISPs and businesses with its subscription-based WiFi management and security software. Our solution enables challenger ISPs to better compete in the market with a premium WiFi solution while lowering operational costs with support call and onsite visit avoidance. For our business customers, our solution reduces the costs, deployment time, and risks to supporting and securing remote employee and satellite office networks. We are empowering the IT staff of our business customers to secure and support employee home networks and other small workspaces. Our customer base is primarily located in the US; however, we have customers all over the world, including Canada, the UK, and South Africa.

OEM and Router Manufacturers

Our open-source embedded software agent enables third-party hardware vendors to integrate Minim in their networking devices, potentially to create a recurring revenue stream with our software services. Our system integrator and OEM customers sell our products under their own name or incorporate our products as a component of their systems. We seek to be responsive to the needs of these customers by providing on-time delivery of high- quality, reliable, cost-effective products with strong engineering and sales support.

Sales, Marketing and Support

In North America we sell our Zoom®, Motorola®, and Minim® products through a direct sales force and commissioned independent sales representatives to retailers; through channel resellers; and through electronics distributors.

We believe that Motorola® is a widely recognized brand name, and we build upon this brand equity in a variety of ways, including: Amazon advertising, Google AdWords advertising, social media marketing and advertising, retailer cooperative advertising, product packaging, trade shows, and public relations. We promote Zoom® and Minim® brand awareness through similar means, as well as engaging in industry associations, content marketing, outbound sales development, analyst briefings, and open-source project contribution.

We develop quality products that are user-friendly and are designed to require minimal support. We typically support our claims of quality with product warranties of one to two years, depending upon the product. To address the needs of end-users and resellers who require assistance, we have our own staff of technical support specialists. They provide telephone support six days per week in English and Spanish and aim to continuously expand of languages, availability, and support channels. Our technical support specialists also maintain a significant Internet support facility that includes email, firmware and software downloads, and a digital knowledgebase. Worldwide technical support is primarily handled from our Manchester, New Hampshire headquarters.

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts are focused on developing new products, enhancing the capabilities of existing products, and reducing production costs. We have developed close collaborative relationships with certain of our Original Design Manufacturer (“ODM”) suppliers and component suppliers. We work with these partners and other sources to identify and respond to emerging technologies and market trends by developing products that address these trends. We also develop all the hardware and firmware for certain products in-house, including some cellular modems and some future cellular sensors.

The Company’s costs on research and development for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $6.2 million and $3.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had twenty-nine employees engaged primarily in research and development. Our research and development team performs hardware design and layout, mechanical design, prototype construction and testing, component specification, firmware and software development, product testing, foreign and domestic regulatory certification efforts, end-user and internal documentation, and third-party software selection and testing

Manufacturing & Suppliers

Our products are currently designed for high-volume automated assembly to help assure reduced costs, rapid market entry, short lead times, and reliability. High-volume assembly mostly occurs in Vietnam or China. Our contract manufacturers and original design manufacturers typically obtain some or all of the components required to assemble the products based upon a Minim approved vendor list and parts list. Our manufacturers typically insert parts onto the printed circuit board, with most parts automatically inserted by machine, solder the circuit board, and test the completed assemblies. The contract manufacturer sometimes performs final packaging. For the U.S. and many other markets, packaging is often performed at our facilities in North America, allowing us to tailor the packaging and its contents for our customers immediately before shipping. This facility also performs warehousing, shipping, quality control, finishing and some software updates from time to time. We also perform circuit design, circuit board layout, and strategic component sourcing at our Boston area office. Wherever the product is built, our quality systems are used to help assure that the product meets our specifications.

Our North American facility is currently located in Tijuana, Mexico. From time to time, we experience certain challenges associated with the Tijuana facility, specifically relating to bringing products across the border between the U.S. and Mexico. We believe that this facility assists us in cost- effectively providing rapid response to the needs of our U.S. customers.

Historically we have used one primary manufacturer for a given design. We sometimes maintain back-up production tooling at a second manufacturer for our highest-volume products. Our manufacturers are normally adequate to meet reasonable and properly planned production needs; but a fire, natural calamity, strike, financial problem, the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic or another significant event at an assembler’s facility could adversely affect our shipments and revenues. In 2021, one supplier provided 97% of our purchased inventory. The loss of this key supplier, or a material adverse change in a key supplier’s business or in our relationship with a key supplier, could materially and adversely harm our business.

Our products include a large number of parts, most of which are available from multiple sources with varying lead times. However, most of our products include a sole-sourced chipset as the most critical component of the product. The vast majority of our cable modem chipsets come exclusively from Broadcom. Serious problems at Broadcom, including long chipset lead-times, would significantly reduce Minim’s shipments. Similar to many companies that use computer chips in their business, we also experienced supply chain issues in sourcing chips due to chipset shortages during 2021. There can be no assurance that we will not experience such issues in the future.

We have experienced delays in receiving shipments of essential integrated circuits in the past, and we may experience such delays in the future. Moreover, we cannot assure that a chipset supplier will, in the future, sell chipsets to us in quantities sufficient to meet our needs or that we will purchase the specified dollar amount of products necessary to receive concessions and incentives from a chipset supplier. An interruption in a chipset supplier’s ability to deliver chipsets, a failure of our suppliers to produce chipset enhancements or new chipsets on a timely basis and at competitive prices, a material increase in the price of the chipsets, our failure to purchase a specified dollar amount of products or any other adverse change in our relationship with modem component suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We are also subject to price fluctuations in our cost of goods. Our costs may increase if component shortages develop, lead-times stretch out, fuel costs rise, or significant delays develop due to labor-related issues.

We are also subject to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (“RoHS”) and Consumer Electronics Control (“CEC”) rules, which affect component sourcing, product manufacturing, sales, and marketing.

Since September 24, 2018 until after we transitioned a substantial portion of our manufacturing to Vietnam during the second quarter of 2020, substantially all of our products were subject to a tariff because they were produced in China and they were in product categories subject to the tariff on our cost of goods at the time of entry into the U.S. The tariff started at 10% and increased to 25% in June 2019. These tariffs have a significant impact on our cost of inventory and profitability. Because these tariffs may not be reduced and may even be increased, we actively worked on finding production capability outside China. Our largest supplier established a major production capability in Vietnam, and we transitioned the majority of our production to Vietnam by the end of the second quarter of 2020. In addition, we are working with other suppliers outside of China. With the transition of a majority of our manufacturing to Vietnam, we significantly reduced the tariff burden.

Competition

The Internet access and networking industries are intensely competitive and characterized by aggressive pricing practices, continually changing customer demand patterns, rapid technological advances, and emerging industry standards. These characteristics result in frequent introductions of new products with added capabilities and features, and continuous improvements in the relative functionality and price of modems and other communications products. Our operating results and our ability to compete could be adversely affected if we are unable to:

Some of our primary competitors by product group include the following:

Many of our competitors and potential competitors have more extensive financial, engineering, product development, manufacturing, and marketing resources than we do.

The principal competitive factors in our industry include the following:

We believe we are able to provide a competitive mix of the above factors for our products, particularly when they are sold through retailers, computer product distributors, small to medium sized Internet service providers, and system integrators. We have been less successful in selling directly to large telecommunication providers and other large providers of broadband access services.

Successfully penetrating the broadband modem market presents a number of challenges, including:

Intellectual Property Rights

We rely primarily on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and patents to protect our proprietary rights. We have trademarks and copyrights for our firmware (software on a chip), printed circuit board artwork, instructions, packaging, and literature. We also have two active patents that expire between 2022 and 2031. There cannot be any assurance that any patent application will be granted or that any patent obtained will provide protection or be of commercial benefit to us, or that the validity of a patent will not be challenged. Moreover, our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate and our competitors may independently develop comparable or superior technologies.

We license certain technologies used in our products, typically rights to bundled software, on a non-exclusive basis. In addition, we purchase chipsets that incorporate sophisticated technology. We have received, and may receive in the future, infringement claims from third parties relating to our products and technologies. We investigate the validity of these claims and, if we believe the claims have merit, we respond through licensing or other appropriate actions. Certain of these past claims have related to technology included in modem chipsets. We forward these claims to the appropriate vendor. If we or our component manufacturers were unable to license necessary technology on a cost-effective basis, we could be prohibited from marketing products containing that technology, incur substantial costs in redesigning products incorporating that technology, or incur substantial costs defending any legal action taken against it. Where possible we attempt to receive patent indemnification from chipset suppliers and other appropriate suppliers, but the extent of this coverage varies, and enforcement of this indemnification may be difficult and costly.

In May 2015, we entered into an agreement to license certain Motorola® brand trademarks for consumer cable modem products in the U.S. and Canada through certain authorized sales channels using such trademarks beginning January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2020. In August 2016, Minim entered into an amendment to the License Agreement with Motorola Mobility LLC. The 2016 amendment expanded Minim’s exclusive license to use the Motorola trademark to a wide range of authorized channels worldwide and expanded the license from cable modems and gateways to also include consumer routers, WiFi range extenders, home powerline network adapters, and access points. In August 2017, Minim entered into an amendment to the License Agreement with Motorola Mobility LLC. The 2017 amendment expanded Minim’s exclusive license to use the Motorola trademark to a wide range of authorized channels worldwide, and expanded the license from cable modems, gateways, consumer routers, WiFi range extenders, home powerline network adapters, and access points to also include MoCA adapters, and cellular sensors. In March 2020, Minim entered into an amendment to extend the License Agreement with Motorola Mobility LLC through December 31, 2025. The 2020 amendment expanded Minim’s exclusive license to use the Motorola trademark to a wide range of authorized channels worldwide, including Direct to Consumer Channels and Service Provider Channels.

In March 2020, we entered into a license with Motorola Mobility LLC to sell consumer grade home security and monitoring products and to provide related services. The term of this Agreement runs through December 31, 2025 and includes minimum licensing payments beginning in 2021 and continuing through the remainder of the agreement term.

Backlog

Our backlog on February 28, 2022 was $150 thousand and on February 29, 2021 was $1.4 million. Orders included in backlog may be canceled or rescheduled by customers without significant penalty. Backlog as of any particular date should not be relied upon as indicative of our net sales for any future period.

Human Capital

Minim is committed to attracting and retaining the brightest and best talent. Therefore, investing, developing, and maintaining human capital is critical to our success. Our effectiveness in attracting, developing, engaging and retaining talented team members demonstrates our commitment to providing a welcoming and safe workplace, with equitable compensation, benefits and opportunities for our team members to continually grow and develop their careers within Minim.

As of December 31, 2021, Minim had 83 employees. Twenty-nine employees were engaged in research and development and quality control. Eleven employees were involved in operations, which manages production, inventory, purchasing, warehousing, freight, invoicing, shipping, collections, and returns. Thirty-two employees were engaged in sales, marketing, and customer technical support. Eleven employees performed executive, accounting, administrative, and management information systems functions. Our dedicated personnel in Tijuana, Mexico are employees of our Mexican service provider and not included in our headcount. On December 31, 2021, Minim had nine consultants, three in research and development, four in operations, and two in sales and marketing, who are not included in our headcount.

Our culture and core values. We believe that by nurturing a strong culture based on our core values we are able to attract, hire, and retain a highly engaged team. Our cultural pillars – respect, transparency, community, accountability, collaboration – reflect the way we lead and work with one another internally as well as externally with our customers, partners, suppliers and other stakeholders. We seek to embed our core values to act responsibly and with integrity, to instill a sense of individual role and purpose at Minim, and to communicate openly and honestly. Our culture of respect and collaboration is intended to create an inclusive working environment and inclusive engagement with our stakeholders; our culture to create encourages innovation from a diversity of experiences, backgrounds and characteristics; and our culture to communicate encourages open and honest discussion. Everything we do, we do with a deep regard for each other, our customers, and our shareholders. We show our respect for each customer’s decision to welcome Minim into their home by taking extra care to ensure our products make their connected homes safer and easier to use for life and work.

Our Board of Directors, through our Compensation Committee, provides oversight on employee matters. The Compensation Committee receives updates on activities, strategies and initiatives related to our employees. As part of this oversight, the Board received regular updates on efforts we have taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We are committed to diversity and inclusion as a core focus of our human capital strategy. We embrace differences, diversity and varying perspectives amongst our employee base, and are proud to be an equal opportunity employer. We do not discriminate based on race, religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, physical disability, mental disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, military or veteran status, sexual orientation or any other protected characteristic established by federal, state or local laws. A diverse workforce, as well as an inclusive culture and work environment, are fundamentally important and strategic to us, beginning with our Board of Directors and extending to all levels of the organization.

Corporate Information

We are incorporated in Delaware under the name Minim, Inc. Minim, Inc. was originally incorporated in New York in 1977 and changed its state of incorporation to Delaware in 1993. Zoom Connectivity, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Minim, Inc., is beinga corporation organized in Delaware. MTRLC LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Minim, Inc., is a limited liability company organized in Delaware that focuses on the sale of our Motorola brand products. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol MINM. Our principal executive offices are located at 848 Elm Street, Manchester, NH 03101, and our telephone number is (617) 423-1072. Our main website is www.minim.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this report. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports are available, free of charge, on our website home page as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Copies of the materials filed by the Company with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. A copy of our Code of Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at ir.minim.com. Any changes to or waiver from, this Code of Conduct and Ethics will be posted on that website.

Information about Our Executive Officers and Directors

Information required by this part is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 1A. – RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Business

COVID-19 pandemic has had and will likely continue to adversely affect our business.

The novel strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread as a global pandemic throughout the world and has resulted in authorities imposing, and businesses and individuals implementing, numerous unprecedented measures to try to contain the virus. These efforts include travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place/stay-at home and social distancing orders, and shutdowns. These measures have impacted and may further impact our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers, and those of our vendors, suppliers and manufacturing partners. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business, results of operations and financial condition is difficult to predict and depends on numerous evolving factors, including the duration and scope of the pandemic and its impact on overall global uncertainty; government, social, business, and other actions and have been and will be taken in response to the pandemic; and the effect of the pandemic on short- and long-term general economic conditions.

While our manufacturing partners and component suppliers mostly have been able to continue to operate to date in compliance with applicable regulations and current limitations, future restrictions on their operations could impact our ability to meet customer demand and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, particularly if prolonged. Similarly, current and future restrictions or disruptions of transportation, such as reduced availability of air and ground transport, port closures or congestion, and increased border controls or closures, can also impact our ability to meet demand and could materially adversely affect us. We have already observed a significant increase in the cost of air freight as a result of the pandemic, which negatively affects our profitability as we seek to transport an increased number of products from manufacturing locations in Asia to North America and international markets as quickly as possible. We have also experienced an increase in costs for ocean freight and shortages in freight capacity, which can negatively impact our ability to ship volume predictably and on a lower cost basis. In addition, rapidly shifting consumer demand during the pandemic can lead to unexpected adverse impact on our results of operations. Although we have seen a significant increase in demand for our cable modems and gateway products due to consumers responding to work-from-home and shelter-in-place measures, we do not know how long this increase may last. In particular, as vaccines become widely available and consumers return to work or school and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lessens, this increase in demand may begin to subside. If this demand subsides at a rapid pace, our net sales, profitability and other financial results could be adversely affected. This increase in demand has also put strain on our manufacturing partners, suppliers and logistics partners to produce and deliver a sufficient number of products to meet this demand. In particular, the limited and delayed availability of certain key components for our products, such as specialized chipsets, significantly constrains our ability to meet the increased consumer demand and over the course of the past year, we have seen lead times for some of these key components increase dramatically up to 52 weeks. This in turn puts pressure on our ability to accurately forecast and increases the likelihood that the accuracy of such forecasts will be lower, which could materially adversely affect our financial results. If we were to experience weakened demand in products, our net sales, profitability and other financial results would be materially adversely impacted.

The pandemic has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty and also has led to increased disruption and volatility in capital markets and credit markets. The current severe economic slowdown resulting from the pandemic has already started to lead to a global recession. There is a significant degree of uncertainty and lack of visibility as to the extent and duration of any such slowdown or recession. Risks related to a slowdown or recession include the risk that demand for our products will be significantly harmed over time if consumers choose to delay product upgrades or various projects in order to conserve funds. Given the significant economic uncertainty and volatility created by the pandemic, it is difficult to predict the nature and extent of impacts on demand for our products. These expectations are subject to change without warning.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices, including employee travel, employee work locations, cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences, and social distancing measures. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, vendors, and suppliers. Work-from-home and other measures introduce additional operational risks, including cybersecurity risks and have affected the way we conduct our product development, testing, customer support, and other activities, which could have an adverse effect on our operations. Furthermore, we rely on third-party laboratories to test and certify our products. If these service providers close or reduce staffing, it could delay our product development efforts. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, and illness and workforce disruptions could lead to unavailability of key personnel and harm our ability to perform critical functions. In addition, work-from-home and related business practice modifications present challenges to maintaining our corporate culture, including employee engagement and productivity, both during the immediate pandemic crisis and as we make additional adjustments in the eventual transition from it.

The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. We are similarly unable to predict the degree to which the pandemic impacts our customers, suppliers, vendors, and other partners, and their financial conditions, but a material effect on these parties could also adversely affect us. The impact of COVID-19 can also exacerbate other risks discussed below, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on us. Developments related to COVID-19 have been rapidly changing, and additional impacts and risks may arise that we are not aware of or able to appropriately respond to currently. Should the COVID-19 situation or global economic slowdown not improve or worsen, or if our attempts to mitigate its impact on our operations and costs are not successful, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected.

If disruptions in our transportation network occur or our shipping costs substantially increase, we may be unable to sell or timely deliver our products, and our gross margins could decrease.

We are highly dependent upon the transportation systems we use to ship our products, including vessel, air, and ground freight. Our attempts to closely match our inventory levels to our product demand intensify the need for our transportation systems to function effectively and without delay. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to limitations on the availability of key transportation resources and an increase in the cost and duration of air and ocean freight. These developments negatively impact our profitability as we seek to transport products from manufacturing locations in Asia to the U.S. market. The transportation network is subject to disruption or congestion from a variety of causes, including labor disputes and port strikes, acts of war or terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics, and congestion from higher shipping volumes. Transport delays in our product could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results, including revenue and profitability shortfalls.

We obtain several key components from limited or sole sources, and if these sources fail to satisfy our supply requirements or we are unable to properly manage our supply requirements with our third-party manufacturers, we may lose sales and experience increased component costs.

Any shortage or delay in the supply of key product components, or any sudden, unforeseen price increase for such components, would harm our ability to meet product deliveries as scheduled or as budgeted. Many of the semiconductors used in our products are obtained from sole source suppliers on a purchase order basis. Semiconductor suppliers have experienced and continue to experience component shortages themselves, which in turn adversely impact our ability to procure semiconductors from them in sufficient quantities and in a timely manner. Our third-party manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf on a purchase order basis, and we do not have any guaranteed supply arrangements with our suppliers. If demand for a specific component increase, we may not be able to obtain an adequate number of that component in a timely manner, and prices to obtain such components may increase. In addition, if worldwide demand for the components increases significantly, the availability of these components could be limited and prices for such components may increase. Also, many standardized components used broadly in electronic devices are manufactured in significant quantities in concentrated geographic regions, particularly in China. As a result, protracted crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to eventual shortages of necessary components sourced from impacted regions. Additionally, government intervention to reduce the consumption of electricity in China could have a disruptive impact on component production and supply availability. It could be difficult, costly, and time consuming to obtain alternative sources for these components, or to change product designs to make use of alternative components. In addition, difficulties in transitioning from an existing supplier to a new supplier could create delays in component availability that would have a significant impact on our ability to fulfill our orders for our products.

If we are unable to obtain sufficient supply of components, or if we experience an interruption in the supply of components, our product shipments could be reduced or delayed or our cost of obtaining these components may increase. Component shortages and delays affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries, damage our brand and reputation in the market, and cause us to lose sales and market share. At times, we may elect to purchase components in the direct market, which may be more expensive and may result in reduced margins.

If we do not effectively manage our sales channel inventory and product mix, we may incur costs associated with excess inventory, or lose sales from having too few products.

We determine production levels based on our forecasts of demand for our products. Actual demand for our products depends on many factors, which makes it difficult to forecast. We have experienced differences between our actual demand and our forecasted demand in the past and expect differences to arise in the future. If we improperly forecast demand for our products, we could end up with too many products and be unable to sell the excess inventory in a timely manner, if at all, or alternatively, we could end up with too few products and not able to satisfy demand. This problem is exacerbated because we attempt to closely match inventory levels with product demand leaving limited margin for error. If these events occur, we could incur increased expenses associated with writing off excessive or obsolete inventory, lose sales, incur penalties for later delivery, or have to ship products by air freight, a higher cost transportation mode, to meet immediate demand, and suffering a corresponding decline in gross margins.

If we fail to continue to introduce or acquire new products and services that achieve broad market acceptance on a timely basis, we will not be able to compete effectively and we will be unable to increase or maintain net sales and gross margins.

We operate in a highly competitive, quickly changing environment, and our future success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new products and services that achieve broad market acceptance. Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to identify demand trends in the consumer, business and service provider markets, and to quickly develop or acquire, and manufacture and sell products and services that satisfy these demands in a cost-effective manner. In order to differentiate our products from our competitors’ products, we must continue to increase our focus and capital investment in research and development, including software development for our products and complementary services and applications. If these products do not continue to maintain or achieve widespread market acceptance, our future growth may be slowed, and our financial results could be harmed. Also, as the mix of our business increasingly includes new products and services that require additional investment, this shift may adversely impact our margins, at least in the near-term. Successfully predicting demand trends is difficult, and it is very difficult to predict the effect that introducing a new product will have on existing product sales. We will also need to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors by quickly introducing competitive products.

We have experienced delays and quality issues in releasing new products in the past, which resulted in lower quarterly net sales than expected. In addition, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, product introductions that fall short of our projected rates of market adoption. Internet reviews of our products are increasingly becoming a significant factor in the success of our new product launches. If we are unable to quickly respond to negative reviews, including end user reviews posted on various prominent online retailers, our ability to sell these products will be harmed. Any future delays in product development and introduction, or product introductions that do not meet broad market acceptance, or unsuccessful launches of new product lines could result in:

Throughout the past few years, we have significantly increased the rate of our new product introductions. If we cannot sustain that pace of product introductions, either through rapid innovation of new products, we may not be able to maintain or increase the market share of our products. In addition, if we are unable to successfully introduce new products with higher gross margins, or if we are unable to improve the margins on our previously introduced and rapidly growing product lines, our net sales and overall gross margin would likely decline.

We depend substantially on our sales channels, and our failure to maintain and expand our sales channels would result in lower sales and reduced net sales.

To maintain and grow our market share, net sales and brand, we must maintain and expand our sales channels. Our sales channels consist of traditional retailers, online retailers, and wholesale distributors. We generally have no minimum purchase commitments or long-term contracts with any of these third parties.

Traditional retailers have limited shelf space and promotional budgets, and competition is intense for these resources. If the networking sector does not experience sufficient growth, retailers may choose to allocate more shelf space to other consumer product sectors. A competitor with more extensive product lines and stronger brand identity may have greater bargaining power with these retailers. Any reduction in available shelf space or increased competition for such shelf space would require us to increase our marketing expenditures simply to maintain current levels of retail shelf space, which would harm our operating margin. Our traditional retail customers have faced increased and significant competition from online retailers. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift to a greater percentage of purchases taking place online versus traditional retail customers. If we cannot effectively manage our business amongst our online customers and traditional retail and online retail customers, our business would be harmed. The recent trend in the consolidation of online retailer channels has resulted in intensified competition for preferred product placement, such as product placement on an online retailer’s Internet home page. We compete with established companies that have longer operating histories and longstanding relationships with traditional retailers that we would find highly desirable as sales channel partners.

We must also continuously monitor and evaluate emerging sales channels. If we fail to establish a presence in an important developing sales channel, our business could be harmed.

We depend on large, recurring purchases from certain significant customers, and a loss, cancellation or delay in purchases by these customers could negatively affect our revenue.

The loss of recurring orders from any of our more significant customers could cause our revenue and profitability to suffer. Our ability to attract new customers will depend on a variety of factors, including the cost-effectiveness, reliability, scalability, breadth and depth of our products. In addition, a change in the mix of our customers, or a change in the mix of direct and indirect sales, could adversely affect our net sales and gross margins.

Although our financial performance may depend on large, recurring orders from certain customers and resellers, we do not generally have binding commitments from them. For example:

Further, our revenue may be impacted by significant one-time purchases which are not contemplated to be repeatable. While such purchases are reflected in our financial statements, we do not rely on and do not forecast for continued significant one-time purchases. As a result, lack of repeatable one-time purchases will adversely affect our revenue.

Because our expenses are based on our sales forecasts, a substantial reduction or delay in sales of our products to, or unexpected returns from, customers and resellers, or the loss of any significant customer or reseller, could harm or otherwise have a negative impact to our operating results. Although our largest customers may vary from period to period, we anticipate that our operating results for any given period will continue to depend on large orders from a small number of customers.

Our license agreements with Motorola have risks, including risks associated with our ability to successfully generate Motorola sales that are large enough to make our Motorola business profitable after we pay the minimum annual royalty payments required by the license agreements. Our failure to successfully increase Motorola sales could have a material effect on our liquidity and financial results.

A substantial amount of our net sales are generated by sales of products sold under our agreements to exclusively license the Motorola brand trademark for use with such products, which expires December 31, 2025. In connection with this opportunity, Minim has an aggressive plan to continue to introduce new Motorola brand products. Our product development plan has and will continue to increase our costs and may result in cost overruns and delays. If our sales of Motorola brand products do not meet our forecasts, this may result in excess inventory and a shortage of cash. In addition, each of the license agreements includes significant minimum quarterly royalty payments due by Minim. If we are unable to sell a sufficient number of Motorola brand products to offset these minimum royalty payments, our net income and cash position will be reduced, and we may continue to experience losses. There are provisions in both license agreements that could cause expiration at an earlier date. If our license agreements with Motorola were to be terminated for any reason, our net sales would be materially adversely affected.

We may require additional funding, which may be difficult to obtain on favorable terms, if at all.

Over the next 12 months we may require additional funding if, for instance, we buy inventory and develop products in anticipation of significant Motorola sales, if our sales are lower than forecast, or if we continue to experience losses. On March 12, 2021, and subsequently amended on November 2, 2021, we entered into a new loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB Loan Agreement”), which provides for a revolving facility up to a principal amount of $25.0 million. The availability of borrowings under the SVB Loan Agreement is subject to certain conditions and requirements. It is not certain whether all or part of this line of credit will be available to us in the future; and other sources of financing may not be available to us on a timely basis if at all, or on terms acceptable to us. If we fail to obtain acceptable additional financing when needed, we may not have sufficient resources to fund our normal operations; and this could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are ineffective due to the existence of a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired, and the market price of our securities may be negatively affected.

A material weakness (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. Based upon this evaluation, management has identified a deficiency related to adequate independent reviews and maintenance of effective controls related to timely preparation of account summaries and reconciliations in the area of inventory as of December 31, 2021. These internal control failures resulted in material adjustments required to properly state inventory balances as of December 31, 2021.

Our business strategy includes significant growth plans, and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth effectively.

We intend to pursue an organic growth strategy for our business; however, we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions and expansion opportunities. If appropriate opportunities present themselves, we expect to engage in selected acquisitions and other business growth initiatives or undertakings. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify appropriate opportunities, that we will be able to negotiate or finance such activities or that such activities, if undertaken, will be successful. There are risks associated with our growth strategy. To the extent that we grow through acquisitions, we cannot ensure that we will be able to adequately or profitably manage this growth. Our existing operations, personnel, systems and internal control may not be adequate to support our growth and expansion and may require us to make additional unanticipated investments in our infrastructure. Acquiring other companies or other assets, as well as other expansion activities, involves various risks including the risks of incorrectly assessing the value of acquired assets, encountering greater than expected costs of integrating, the risk of loss of customers and/or employees of the acquired business, executing cost savings measures, not achieving revenue enhancements and otherwise not realizing the transaction’s anticipated benefits. Our ability to address these matters successfully cannot be assured. In addition, our strategic efforts may divert resources or management’s attention from ongoing business operations, may require investment in integration and in development and enhancement of additional operational and reporting processes and controls.

Our growth initiatives may also require us to recruit and retain experienced personnel to assist in such initiatives. Accordingly, the failure to identify and retain such personnel would place significant limitations on our ability to successfully execute our growth strategy.

If we do not successfully execute our acquisition growth plan, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and growth prospects. In addition, if we were to conclude that the value of an acquired business had decreased and that the related goodwill had been impaired, that conclusion would result in an impairment of goodwill charge, which would adversely affect our results of operations. While we believe we will have the executive management resources and internal systems in place to successfully manage our future growth, there can be no assurance growth opportunities will be available or that we will successfully manage our growth.

We may be unsuccessful in integrating the operations of the business we have acquired or expect to acquire in the future.

From time to time, we may acquire businesses, assets, or securities of companies that we believe will provide a strategic fit with our business. We integrate acquired businesses with our existing operations; our overall internal control over financial reporting processes; and our financial, operations, and information systems. If the financial performance of our business, as supplemented by the assets and businesses acquired, does not meet our expectations, it may make it more difficult for us to service our debt obligations and our results of operations may fail to meet market expectations. We may not effectively assimilate the business or product offerings of acquired companies into our business or within the anticipated costs or timeframes, retain key customers and suppliers or key employees of acquired businesses, or successfully implement our business plan for the combined business. In addition, our final determinations and appraisals of the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in our acquisitions may vary materially from earlier estimates and we may fail to realize fully anticipated cost savings, growth opportunities or other potential synergies. We cannot assure that the fair value of acquired businesses or investments will remain constant.

Our reliance on a small number of customers for a large portion of our revenues could materially harm our business and prospects.

Relatively few customers account for a substantial portion of the Company’s revenues. In 2021, two customers accounted for 10% or greater individually, and 92% in the aggregate of the Company’s total net sales. At December 31, 2021, four customers with an accounts receivable balance of 10% or greater individually accounted for a combined 86% of the Company’s accounts receivable. In 2020, two customers accounted for 10% or greater individually, and 76% in the aggregate of the Company’s total net sales. At December 31, 2020, three customers with an accounts receivable balance of 10% or greater individually accounted for a combined 85% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

Our customers generally do not enter into long-term agreements obligating them to purchase our products. Because of our significant customer concentration, our net sales and operating income could fluctuate significantly due to changes in political or economic conditions or the loss of, reduction of business with, or less favorable terms for any of our significant customers. The loss of one or more of our largest customers, the failure of such customers to pay amounts due to us, or a material reduction in the amount of purchases made by such customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The market for Internet access products and services has many competing technologies, and the demand for certain of our products and services is declining.

If we are unable to grow demand for our broadband and dial-up modems or other products, we may be unable to sustain or grow our business. The market for high-speed communications products and services has a number of competing technologies. For instance, Internet access can be achieved by using a standard telephone line with an appropriate modem and dial-up or DSL service; using a cable TV line with a cable modem and cable modem service; or using a mobile broadband modem and mobile broadband service. We currently sell products that include all these technologies. The introduction of new products by competitors, market acceptance of competing products based on new or alternative technologies, or the emergence of new industry standards have in the past rendered and could continue to render our products less competitive or even obsolete.

Our reliance on sole suppliers or limited sources of supply could materially harm our business.

We obtain certain key parts, components, and equipment from sole or limited sources of supply. In 2021, the Company had one supplier that provided 97% of the Company’s purchased inventory. In 2020, the Company had two suppliers that provided 99% of the Company’s purchased inventory. Also, as examples, the vast majority of our broadband modems use Broadcom chipsets and the vast majority of our dial-up modems use Conexant chipsets. The loss of the products or services of any of our significant suppliers or a material change in their business or their relationship with us could harm our business and operating results. Similar to many companies that use computer chips in their business experienced supply chain issues in sourcing chips due to a chip shortage, we also experienced issues in 2021 resulting from component delays or unavailability of chips. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not experience such issues in the future. We have experienced delays in receiving shipments of essential integrated circuits during other past periods, and we may experience such delays in the future. Moreover, we cannot assure you that a chipset supplier will, in the future, sell chipsets to us in quantities sufficient to meet our needs or that we will purchase the specified dollar amount of products necessary to receive concessions and incentives from a chipset supplier. An interruption in a chipset supplier’s ability to deliver chipsets, a failure of our suppliers to produce chipset enhancements or new chipsets on a timely basis and at competitive prices, a material increase in the price of the chipsets, our failure to purchase a specified dollar amount of products or any other adverse change in our relationship with modem component suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In the past we have experienced long lead-times and significant delays in receiving shipments of modem chipsets from our sole source suppliers. We may experience similar delays in the future. In addition, some products may have other components that are available from only one source. If we are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of components from our current sources, we would experience difficulties in obtaining alternative sources or in altering product designs to use alternative components. Resulting delays or reductions in product shipments could damage relationships with our customers, and our customers could decide to purchase products from our competitors. Inability to meet our customers’ demand or a decision by one or more of our customers to purchase products from our competitors could harm our operating results.

We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to more successfully penetrate the broadband modem markets, which have been challenging markets, with significant barriers to entry.

We believe that our future success depends in large part on our ability to penetrate the broadband modem markets including cable and mobile broadband. These markets have significant barriers to entry. Although some cable, and mobile broadband modems are sold at retail, the high-volume purchasers of these modems are concentrated in a relatively few large cable, telephone and mobile broadband service providers which offer broadband modem services to their customers. These customers, particularly cable and mobile broadband services providers, also have extensive and varied certification processes for modems to be approved for use on their network. Obtaining these certifications is expensive and time consuming, and the certification processes continue to evolve. Successfully penetrating the broadband modem market therefore presents a number of challenges including: the current limited retail market for broadband modems; the relatively small number of cable, telecommunications and Internet service provider customers that make up the bulk of the market for broadband modems in certain countries, including the U.S.; the significant bargaining power of these large volume purchasers; the time consuming, expensive, uncertain and varied certification process of the various cable service providers; the savings, if any, offered to customers who use their own modem instead of one supplied by the service provider; and the strong relationships with cable service providers enjoyed by incumbent cable equipment providers like Arris.

If we fail to meet changing customer requirements and emerging industry standards, there would be an adverse impact on our ability to sell our products and services.

The market for Internet access products and services is characterized by aggressive pricing practices, continually changing customer demand patterns, rapid technological advances, emerging industry standards and short product life cycles. Some of our product and service developments and enhancements have taken longer than planned and have delayed the availability of our products and services, which adversely affected our sales and profitability in the past. Any significant delays in the future may adversely impact our ability to sell our products and services, and our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to: identify and respond to emerging technological trends and industry standards in the market; develop and maintain competitive products that meet changing customer demands; enhance our products by adding innovative features that differentiate our products from those of our competitors; bring products to market on a timely basis; introduce products that have competitive prices; manage our product transitions, inventory levels and manufacturing processes efficiently; respond effectively to new technological changes or new product announcements by others; meet changing industry standards; distribute our products quickly in response to customer demand; and compete successfully in the markets for our new products. These factors could also have an adverse effective on our operating results.

Our product cycles tend to be short and we may incur significant non-recoverable expenses or devote significant resources to sales that do not occur when anticipated. Therefore, the resources we devote to product development, sales and marketing may not generate material net sales for us. In addition, short product cycles have resulted in and may in the future result in excess and obsolete inventory, which has had and may in the future have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In an effort to develop innovative products and technology, we have incurred and may in the future incur substantial development, sales, marketing, and inventory costs. If we are unable to recover these costs, our financial condition and results could be adversely affected. In addition, if we sell our products at reduced prices in anticipation of cost reductions and we still have higher cost products in inventory, our business would be harmed, and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our operations are subject to a number of risks that could harm our business.

Currently, our business is significantly dependent on our operations outside the US, particularly the production of substantially all of our products. For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, sales outside North America were only 0.4% of our net sales. However, almost all of our manufacturing operations are now located outside of the U.S.. The inherent risks of international operations could harm our business, results of operation, and liquidity. For instance, our operations in Mexico are subject to the challenges and risks associated with international operations, including those related to integration of operations across different cultures and languages, and economic, legal, political and regulatory risks. In addition, fluctuations in the currency exchange rates have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial results. The types of risks faced in connection with international operations include, among others: regulatory and communications requirements and policy changes; currency exchange rate fluctuation, including changes in value of the Vietnamese dong, Chinese renminbi, and Mexican peso relative to the U.S. dollar; cultural differences; reduced control over staff and other difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; political and economic changes and disruptions; governmental currency controls; shipping costs; strikes and work slowdowns at ports or other locations in the supply path; and import, export, and tariff regulations. Almost all of our products are built in Vietnam, mainland China or Taiwan, so these products are subject to numerous risks including currency risk and economic, legal, political and regulatory risks. Additionally, the U.S. government has instituted or proposed other changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements economic sanctions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries where we conduct our business. It may be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations in order to adapt to or comply with any such changes. If the U.S. were to withdraw from or materially modify international trade agreements to which it is a party, or if tariffs were imposed or raised on the products sourced from outside the U.S. that we buy, our costs for such products could increase significantly, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to effectively manage our inventory levels, there could be a material and adverse effect on our liquidity and our business.

Due to rapid technological change and changing markets, we are required to manage our inventory levels carefully to both meet customer expectations regarding delivery times and to limit our excess inventory exposure. In the event we fail to effectively manage our inventory, our liquidity may be adversely affected and we may face increased risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in market value of the inventory, or losses from theft, fire, or other casualty.

We may be unable to produce sufficient quantities of our products because we depend on third-party manufacturers. If these third-party manufacturers fail to produce quality products in a timely manner, our ability to fulfill our customer orders would be adversely impacted.

We use contract manufacturers and original design manufacturers for electronics manufacturing of most of our products. We use these third-party manufacturers to help ensure low costs, rapid market entry and reliability. Any manufacturing disruption could impair our ability to fulfill orders, and a failure to fulfill orders would adversely affect our sales. Although we currently use four electronics manufacturers for the bulk of our purchases, in some cases a given product is only provided by one of these companies. The loss of the services of any of our significant third-party manufacturers or a material adverse change in the business of or our relationships with any of these manufacturers could harm our business. Since third parties manufacture our products and we expect this to continue in the future, our success will depend, in part, on the ability of third parties to manufacture our products cost effectively and in sufficient quantities to meet our customer demand.

We are subject to the following risks because of our reliance on third-party manufacturers: reduced management and control of component purchases; reduced control over delivery schedules, quality assurance, manufacturing yields, and labor practices; lack of adequate capacity during periods of excess demand; limited warranties on products supplied to us; potential increases in prices; interruption of supplies from assemblers as a result of a fire, natural calamity, global health pandemic, strike or other significant event; and misappropriation of our intellectual property.

Our cable modem sales may be significantly reduced due to long lead-times.

During 2021, approximately 97.0% of net sales were cable and other broadband modems. These products have experienced long lead-times due to certain component production lead-times of up to 52 weeks and due to manufacturer-related delays, and these long lead times may significantly reduce our potential sales.

We face significant competition, which could result in decreased demand for our products or services leading to reduced margins or loss of market share and revenue.

We compete in a highly competitive market that is rapidly evolving. A number of companies have developed, or are expected to develop, products that compete or will compete with our products. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater resources than we do. Many of our existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources. These competitors may, among other things, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, obtain more favorable pricing from suppliers and manufacturers, and exert more influence on sales channels than we can. Certain of our significant competitors also serve as key sales and marketing channels for our products, potentially giving these competitors a marketplace advantage based on their knowledge of our business activities and/or their ability to negatively influence our sales opportunities. Intense competition, rapid technological change and evolving industry standards could result in less favorable selling terms to our customers, decrease demand for our products or make our products obsolete. Our operating results and our ability to compete could be adversely affected if we are unable to: successfully and accurately anticipate customer demand; manage our product transitions, inventory levels and manufacturing processes efficiently; distribute or introduce our products quickly in response to customer demand and technological advances; differentiate our products from those of our competitors; or otherwise compete successfully in the markets for our products. If any of our competitors are successful in competing against us, our sales could decline, our margins could be negatively impacted and we could lose market share, any of which could seriously harm our business and results of operations.

Our future success will depend on the continued services of our key product development personnel.

The loss of any of our key product development personnel, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring skilled personnel could harm our business. Competition for skilled personnel is significant. We may be unable to attract and retain all the personnel necessary for the development of our business. In addition, the loss of any member of the senior management team, a key engineer or salesperson, or other key contributors, could harm our relations with our customers, our ability to respond to technological change, and our business.

Risks Related to International Operations

Fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Changes in currency exchange rates that increase the relative value of the U.S. dollar may make it more difficult for us to compete with foreign manufacturers on price, may reduce our foreign currency denominated sales when expressed in dollars, or may otherwise have a material adverse effect on our sales and operating results. A significant increase in our foreign currency denominated sales would increase our risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations. A weakness in the U.S. dollar relative to the Mexican peso and various Asian currencies, especially the Vietnamese dong and the Chinese renminbi, could increase our product costs. Fluctuations in the currency exchange rates have, and may continue to, adversely affect our operating results.

Capacity constraints in our Mexican operations could reduce our sales and revenues and hurt customer relationships.

We rely on our Mexican operations to finish and ship most of the products we sell. We have experienced and may continue to experience constraints on our capacity as we address challenges related to operating our new facility, such as hiring and training workers, creating the facility’s infrastructure, developing new supplier relationships, complying with customs and border regulations, and resolving shipping and logistical issues. Our net sales may be reduced, and our customer relationships may be impaired if we continue to experience constraints on our capacity. We are working to minimize capacity constraints in a cost-effective manner, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately minimize capacity constraints.

Our reliance on a business processing outsourcing partner to conduct our operations in Mexico could materially harm our business and prospects.

In connection with our North American manufacturing operations in Mexico, we rely on a business processing outsourcing partner to hire, subject to our oversight, the team for our Mexican operations, provide the selected facility described above, and coordinate many of the ongoing logistics relating to our operations in Mexico. Our outsourcing partner’s related functions include acquiring the necessary Mexican permits, providing the appropriate Mexican operating entity, assisting in customs clearances, and providing other general assistance and administrative services in connection with the ongoing operation of the Mexican facility. Our outsourcing partner’s performance of these obligations efficiently and effectively is critical to the success of our operations in Mexico. Failure of our outsourcing partner to perform its obligations efficiently and effectively could result in delays, unanticipated costs or interruptions in production, delays in deliveries to our customers or other harm to our business, results of operation, and liquidity. Moreover, if our outsourcing arrangement is not successful, we cannot assure our ability to find an alternative production facility or outsourcing partner to assist in our operations in Mexico or our ability to operate successfully in Mexico without outsourcing or similar assistance.

Tariffs significantly harm our cash flow and profitability, and they may continue to do that in the future.

Prior to July 2020, almost all of our products were produced in China and were subject to a tariff on our cost of goods at the time of entry into the U.S. Beginning in July 2020, majority of our products were produced in Vietnam while a small portion of our products continued to be produced in China. The China related tariff is 25%. These tariffs have a significant impact on our cost of inventory and profitability. These tariffs may not be reduced and may even be increased. Although we have significantly reduced tariff costs with the transition to Vietnam production, it is not possible to predict the impact of tariffs in the future, which could have a material adverse impact on our net income and cash position and we may continue to experience losses.

Risks Related to Our Products, Technology and Intellectual Property

We may be subject to product returns resulting from defects or from overstocking of our products. Product returns could result in the failure to attain market acceptance of our products, which would harm our business.

If our products contain undetected defects, errors, or failures, we could face delays in the development of our products, numerous product returns, and other losses to us or to our customers or end users. Any of these occurrences could also result in the loss of or delay in market acceptance of our products, either of which would reduce our sales and harm our business. We are also exposed to the risk of product returns from our customers as a result of contractual stock rotation privileges and our practice of assisting some of our customers in balancing their inventories. Overstocking has led in the past and may lead in the future to higher than normal customer returns.

Security breaches and data loss may expose us to liability, harm our reputation and adversely affect our business.

As part of our business operations, we collect, store, process, use and disclose sensitive data relating to our business, including in connection with the provision of our cloud services and in our information systems and data centers (including third-party data centers). We also engage third-party providers to assist in the development of our products and for services that may include the collection, handling, processing and storage of personal data on our behalf. In addition, we host our customers’ subscriber data in third-party data centers in the course of providing our products and cloud-based platform solutions and services to our customers. While we and our third-party providers apply multiple layers of security to control access to data and use encryption and authentication technologies to secure data from unauthorized access, use, alteration and disclosure, these security measures may be compromised. Malicious hackers may attempt to gain access to our network or data centers; steal proprietary information related to our business, products, employees and customers; or interrupt our systems and services or those of our customers or others. In particular, there has been a spike in cybersecurity attacks during the COVID-19 pandemic and work-from-home environment.

Some of our software products contain “open source” software under terms of open source licenses, which include, but are not limited to, General Public License Version 2 and MIT Licenses.

The use of open source software has risks related to open source license compliance and software quality control. The Company mitigates these risks by employing processes such as open source license review prior to technology selection and upgrade version testing prior to deployment. However, it must be noted that the risks described above cannot be eliminated.

We may experience costs and senior management distractions due to patent-related matters.

Many of our products incorporate patented technology. We attempt to license appropriate patents either directly or through our integrated circuit suppliers. However, we are subject to costs and senior management distractions due to patent-related litigation.

Patent litigation matters are complex and time consuming and expose Minim to potentially material obligations. It is impossible to assess the potential cost and senior management distraction associated with patent litigation matters that are currently outstanding or may occur in the future.

We may have difficulty protecting our intellectual property.

Our ability to compete is heavily affected by our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely primarily on trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, patents, copyrights, trademarks, and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property. The steps we take to protect our technology may be inadequate. Existing trade secret, trademark and copyright laws offer only limited protection. Our patents could be invalidated or circumvented. We have more intellectual property assets in some countries than we do in others. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries in which our products are or may be developed, manufactured or sold may not protect our products or intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. This may make the possibility of piracy of our technology and products more likely.

We could infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Particular aspects of our technology could be found to infringe on the intellectual property rights or patents of others. Other companies may hold or obtain patents on inventions or may otherwise claim proprietary rights to technology necessary to our business. We cannot predict the extent to which we may be required to seek licenses. We cannot assure you that the terms of any licenses we may be required to seek will be reasonable. We are often indemnified by our suppliers relative to certain intellectual property rights. However, these indemnifications do not cover all possible suits, and there can be no assurance that a relevant indemnification will be honored by the indemnifying party or that the indemnifying party has the financial resources to meet its indemnification obligation.

Financial, Regulatory and Tax Compliance Risks

We could be subject to additional sales tax or other tax liabilities.

States have varying policies regarding when a company has a taxable presence in the state. There are many factors to consider when determining if state nexus exists, including inventory consignment to ordering and fulfillment, physical presence, economic presence, and personnel. We have policies and procedures in place to collect and pay sales tax for Amazon and other ecommerce sales in states where we believe we have nexus and are required to charge sales tax. However, it is possible that we could be negatively impacted by a change in state laws and policies, court decisions, Federal law, or our decisions about where sales tax is owed. In addition, we may incur income tax liability in some states where we have nexus.

Environmental regulations may increase our manufacturing costs and harm our business.

In the past, environmental regulations have increased our manufacturing costs and caused us to modify products. New state, U.S., or other regulations may in the future impact our product costs or restrict our ability to ship certain products into certain regions.

Changes in current or future laws or governmental regulations and industry standards that negatively impact our products, services and technologies could harm our business.

The jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), extends to the entire U.S. communications industry including our customers and their products and services that incorporate our products. Our products are also required to meet the regulatory requirements of other countries throughout the world where our products and services are sold. Obtaining government certifications is time-consuming and costly. In the past, we have encountered delays in the introduction of our products, such as our cable modems, as a result of the need to obtain government certifications. We may face further delays if we are unable to comply with governmental regulations. Delays caused by the time it takes to comply with regulatory requirements may result in cancellations or postponements of product orders or purchases by our customers, which would harm our business.

In addition to reliability and quality standards, the market acceptance of certain products and services is dependent upon the adoption of industry standards so that products from multiple manufacturers are able to communicate with each other. Standards are continuously being modified and replaced. As standards evolve, we may be required to modify our existing products or develop and support new versions of our products. The failure of our products to comply, or delays in compliance, with various existing and evolving industry standards could delay or interrupt volume production of our products, which could harm our business.

Our ability to use our net operating losses (“NOLs”) may be negatively affected if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.

At December 31, 2021, we had approximately $65.0 million in federal NOLs. These deferred tax assets are currently fully reserved. Under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 rules, if a change of ownership is triggered, our ability to use our NOLs can be negatively affected if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. An ownership change at any time is determined by considering each stockholder with 5% or more ownership, summing the highest percentage change for each of those stockholders over the prior three years, and determining that the sum exceeds 50%. Since ownership changes are measured over three-year periods, it is possible that additional changes of ownership may occur in the future that may limit our utilization of NOL carryforwards.

Risks Related to the Securities Market and Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be volatile and trading volume may be low.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including, without limitation: as a result of the risk factors listed herein; actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; regulatory changes that could impact our business; and general economic and industry conditions. Shares of our common stock are quoted on the Nasdaq. The lack of an active market may impair the ability of holders of our common stock to sell their shares of common stock at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of the shares of our common stock.

We do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not expect to declare dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain cash to support our operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. There can be no assurance that we will have, at any time, sufficient surplus under Delaware law to be able to pay any dividends. In addition, pursuant to our SVB Loan Agreement, we cannot pay any dividends without the prior written consent of Silicon Valley Bank. If we do not pay dividends, the price of our common stock must appreciate for you to receive a gain on your investment in the Company.

Our Chairman and his affiliated entities own a significant percentage of our shares, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters.

Our Chairman, and his affiliated entities owned approximately 38.6% percent of our outstanding shares of Common Stock as of March 28, 2022. Accordingly, he and his affiliated entities could have an influence over the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors, mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and also could prevent or cause a change in control. The interests of the Chairman of the Board and his affiliated entities may differ from the interests of our other stockholders. Third parties may be discouraged from making a tender offer or bid to acquire us because of this concentration of ownership.

ITEM 1B. – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2 – PROPERTIES

In November 2021, we entered into two operating lease agreements extending the leases on our 24,000 square foot production and warehousing facilities in Tijuana, Mexico through November 2023. The Company performs most of the final assembly, testing, packaging, warehousing and distribution at these facilities.

We lease 3,218 square feet of office space located in Canton, Massachusetts under an operating lease agreement. In December 2021, the Company executed an amendment to extend the lease to May 2024.

We also lease our principal executive offices in Manchester, New Hampshire, from a related party (refer to Note 13 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements), which totals approximately 2,656 square feet. The lease expires in July 2022, with an automatic renewal clause unless terminated under the lease agreement.

We believe that these facilities are suitable and sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs in the near term and that additional space can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms as needed.

ITEM 3 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to lawsuits, arbitrations, claims, and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such legal actions may include claims for substantial or unspecified compensatory and/or punitive damages. Absolute assurance cannot be given that such actions will be resolved without costly litigation in a manner that is not adverse to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We are not currently a party to any material pending legal proceedings.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5 – MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq under the symbol “MINM”. The closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $0.85 per share on March 28, 2022. As of March 28, 2022, there were 46,065,817 shares of our common stock outstanding and 132 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain all of our earnings to finance future growth. In addition, pursuant to the SVB Loan Agreement, which was executed on March 12, 2021, as amended on November 1, 2021, we cannot pay any dividends without SVB’s prior written consent.

Repurchases by the Company

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information required by this part is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 6 – SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

[Reserved].

ITEM 7 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties including those discussed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” These risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements.

Overview

We deliver a comprehensive WiFi as a Service platform to make everyone’s connected home safe and supportive for life and work. We believe the home router must go the way of the mobile phone. Today’s routers are simple, single-purpose devices that rarely receive firmware updates and have underdeveloped management applications, making them the #1 target in residential cybersecurity attacks. It can be so much more. The router must offer frequent security updates, helpful apps, extensive personalization options and a delightful interface. That is what Minim delivers— not just the router or just an app, but WiFi as a Service. Technically, it’s composed of an intelligent router managed by a smart operating system that leverages cloud computing and AI to analyze and optimize the smart home, combined with intuitive applications to engage with it.

We continually seek to improve our product designs and manufacturing approach to elevate product performance and reduce our costs. We pursue a strategy of outsourcing rather than internally developing our hardware product chipsets, which are application-specific integrated circuits that form the technology base for our modems. By outsourcing the chipset technology, we are able to concentrate our research and development resources on modem system design, leverage the extensive research and development capabilities of our chipset suppliers, and reduce our development time and associated costs and risks. As a result of this approach, we are able to quickly develop new products while maintaining a relatively low level of research and development expense as a percentage of net sales. We also outsource aspects of our manufacturing to contract manufacturers as a means of reducing our costs of production, and to provide us with greater flexibility in our production capacity.

Generally, our gross margin for a given product depends on a number of factors, including the type of customer to whom we are selling. The gross margin for products sold to retailers tends to be higher than for some of our other customers; but the sales, support, returns, and overhead costs associated with products sold to retailers also tend to be higher. Minim’s sales to certain countries are currently handled by a single master distributor for each country that handles the support and marketing costs within the country. Gross margin for sales to these master distributors tends to be low, since lower pricing to these distributors helps them to cover the support and marketing costs for their country.

Our cash and cash equivalents balance on December 31, 2021 was $12.6 million compared to $772 thousand on December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2021, we had $5.1 million of outstanding borrowings on our asset-based credit line with availability of $445 thousand and working capital of $27.8 million.

In August 2021, we completed a public offering raise of $22.7 million and issued an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares at a purchase price of $2.50 per share. Other major changes in cash and cash equivalents during fiscal 2021 was a decrease of approximately $4.3 million in accounts receivable, an increase of $16.1 million in inventories, an increase of $862 thousand in accounts payable and a decrease of $2.3 million in accrued expenses. In fiscal 2021, the Company also had a net loss of $3.6 million, which contributed to a decrease in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity depends in part on our ability to sell inventory on hand, increasing SaaS sales, and collect related receivables.

Prior to July 2020, almost all of our products were produced in China and were subject to a tariff on our cost of goods at the time of entry into the U.S. Beginning in July 2020, a majority of our products were produced in Vietnam while a small portion of our products continued to be produced in China. The China related tariff is 25%. These tariffs have a significant impact on our cost of inventory and profitability. These tariffs may not be reduced and may even be increased. Although we have significantly reduced tariff costs with the transition to Vietnam production, it is not possible to predict the impact of tariffs in the future, which could have a material adverse impact on our net income and cash position and we may continue to experience losses.

Although the Company has recently experienced losses, it has continued to experience sales growth. We have experienced six consecutive years with double-digit sales growth. In the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we generated net sales of $55.4 million and $48.0 million, respectively.

COVID-19 Pandemic

We are subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict, particularly as variants of the coronavirus continue to spread around the world. In March 2020, we instituted office closures, travel restrictions and a work-from-anywhere policy for substantially all our employees due to shelter-in-place mandates. In June 2021, we opened our U.S. offices to employees, who choose to work in the office, and we lifted certain travel restrictions. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a prolonged impact on our supply chain operations due to restrictions, reduced capacity, and limited availability from suppliers on whom we rely for sourcing components and materials and from third-party partners on whom we rely for manufacturing, warehousing and logistics services. Although demand for our products has increased relative to pre-pandemic levels as consumers and businesses seek flexible networking solution for their day-to-day needs, customers’ purchasing decisions over the long-term may be impacted by the pandemic and its impact on the economy, which could in turn impact our revenue and results of operations. Furthermore, our supply chain continues to face constraints primarily due to challenges in sourcing components and materials and managing global logistics and transport services for our products due to shortages and delays. The prolonged impact of COVID-19 could exacerbate these constraints or cause further supply chain disruptions. In 2021, we experienced increases in costs of materials and components for our products. We expect these costs to remain elevated for the foreseeable future.

Recent Accounting Standards

Please refer to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Following is a discussion of what we view as our more significant accounting policies and estimates. As described below, management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We have identified areas where material differences could result in the amount and timing of our net sales, costs, and expenses for any period if we had made different judgments or used different estimates.

Revenue Recognition. We primarily sell hardware products to computer peripherals retailers, computer product distributors, OEMs, and direct to consumers and other channel partners via the Internet. The hardware products include cable modems and gateways, mobile broadband modems, wireless routers, MoCA adapters and mesh home networking devices. We also sell the Minim subscription service that enables and secures a better connected home using the Minim AI-driven smart home WiFi management and security platform.

The SaaS is offered over a defined contract period, generally one year, and are sold to ISPs, who then promote the services to their subscribers. These services are available as an on-demand application over the defined term. The agreements include service offerings, which deliver applications and technologies via cloud-based deployment models that we develop functionality for, provide unspecified updates and enhancements for, and host, manage, provide upgrades and support for the customers’ access by entering into solution agreements for a stated period. The monthly fees charged to the customers are based on the number of subscribers utilizing the services each month, and the revenue recognized generally corresponds to the monthly billing amounts as the services are delivered. Customers do not have the contractual right or ability to take possession of the hosted software.

We consider each product and each service contract to be a distinct performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue from product sales is recognized at a point in time when management has determined that control has transferred to the customer, which is generally when legal title has transferred to the customer. Revenue from SaaS contracts is recognized as the output of the service is transferred to the customer over time, typically evenly over the contract term. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Judgment is also required to determine the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. We use an observable price to estimate SSP for items that are sold separately. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell the product or service separately, we determine the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

Product Returns. Products are returned by retail stores and distributors for inventory balancing, contractual stock rotation privileges, and warranty repair or replacements. Analyses of actual returned product are compared to analyses of the product return estimates. We have concluded that the current process of estimating the return reserve represents a fair measure with which to adjust revenue. Returned goods are variable and under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, are estimated and recognized as a reduction of revenue as performance obligations are satisfied (e.g., upon shipment of goods). Under ASC Topic 606, the Company monitors pending authorized returns of goods and, if deemed appropriate, record the right of return asset accordingly.

Inventory Valuation and Cost of Goods Sold. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost, determined by the first-in, first-out method, or its net realizable value. We review inventories for obsolete and slow-moving products each quarter and make provisions based on our estimate of the probability that the material will not be consumed or that it will be sold below cost. Additionally, material product certification costs on new products are capitalized and amortized over the expected period of value of the respective products.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets. As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we estimate our income tax expense and deferred income tax position. This process involves the estimation of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our balance sheet. We then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. To the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance. Changes in the valuation allowance are reflected in the statement of operations.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and any valuation allowances. We have recorded a 100% valuation allowance against our deferred income tax assets. It is management’s estimate that, after considering all available objective evidence, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized. If we establish a record of continuing profitability, at some point we will be required to reduce the valuation allowance and recognize an equal income tax benefit which will increase net income in that period(s).

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain financial data derived from our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 presented in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales, with dollars and percentage change year over year.

Comparison of Fiscal Years 2021 and 2020

The following table sets forth our revenues by product and the changes in revenues for fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:

The following table sets forth our revenues by geographic area and the changes in revenues for fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:

Net Sales

Our total net sales increased year-over-year by $7.4 million or 15.5%. The growth in net sales is directly attributable to increased sales of Motorola branded cable modems and gateways, including intelligent networking products that include the Minim software. In both 2021 and 2020, we primarily generated our sales by selling cable modems and gateways. Sales related to SaaS offerings were $525 thousand and $0 in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in other category of $2.4 million in 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily due to a reduction in DSL products and a refocus on new products with growth potential outside North America as well as within new product introductions. Generally, our lower sales outside North America reflect the fact that cable modems are sold successfully through retailers in the U.S. but not in most countries outside the U.S., due primarily to variations in government regulations.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the following: the cost of finished products from our third-party manufacturers; overhead costs, including purchasing, product planning, inventory control, warehousing and distribution logistics; third-party software licensing fees; inbound freight; import duties/tariffs; warranty costs associated with returned goods; write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory; amortization of certain acquired intangibles and software development costs; and costs attributable to the provision of service offerings.

The increase in gross profit was attributable to sales growth of Motorola branded cable modems and gateways. We outsource our manufacturing, warehousing and distribution logistics. We believe this outsourcing strategy allows us to better manage our product costs and gross margin. Our gross margin can be affected by a number of factors, including fluctuation in foreign exchange rates, sales returns, changes in average selling prices, end-user customer rebates and other channel sales incentives, changes in our cost of goods sold due to fluctuations and increases in prices paid for components, overhead costs, inbound freight and duty/tariffs, conversion costs, and charges for excess or obsolete inventory.

The following table presents net sales and gross margin, for the periods indicated:

Gross profit and gross margin increased in fiscal 2021 compared to the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher net sales and reductions in tariffs and air freight expense of approximately $4.2 million.

We expect fiscal 2022 gross margin to be subject to similar variabilities experienced in fiscal 2021. In 2021, we experienced meaningful increase in costs for sea freight transportation as well as costs of materials and components for our products. We expect these costs to remain elevated for the foreseeable future. We continue to experience disruptions from the pandemic, with manufacturing partners being affected by factory uptime, scarcity of materials and components and limited capacity to transport cargo via sea and air. These disruptions have increased the length of time taken between order to production and transportation of inventory. If such disruptions become more widespread, they could significantly affect our ability to fulfill the demand for our products. Forecasting gross margin percentages is difficult, and there are several risks related to our ability to maintain or improve our current gross margin levels. Our cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales can vary significantly based upon factors such as: uncertainties surrounding revenue volumes, including future pricing and/or potential discounts as a result of the economy, competition, the timing of sales, and related production level variances; import customs duties and imposed tariffs; changes in technology; changes in product mix; expenses associated with writing off excessive or obsolete inventory; fluctuations in freight costs; manufacturing and purchase price variances; and changes in prices on commodity components.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising, trade shows, corporate communications and other marketing expenses, product marketing expenses, outbound freight costs, amortization of certain intangibles, personnel expenses for sales and marketing staff, technical support expenses, and facility allocations. The following table presents sales and marketing expenses, for the periods indicated:

Sales and marketing expenses increased in fiscal 2021, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in Motorola royalty fees of $1.2 million, personnel expenses of $2.0 million and marketing program campaigns of $1.4 million.

We expect our selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales in fiscal 2022 to be similar to fiscal 2021 levels. Expenses may fluctuate depending on sales levels achieved as certain expenses, such as commissions, are determined based upon the net sales achieved. Forecasting selling and marketing expenses is highly dependent on expected net sales levels and could vary significantly depending on actual net sales achieved in any given quarter. Marketing expenses may also fluctuate depending upon the timing, extent and nature of marketing programs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and related expenses for executives, finance and accounting, human resources, information technology, professional fees, including legal costs associated with defending claims against us, allowance for doubtful accounts, facility allocations, and other general corporate expenses. The following table presents general and administrative expenses, for the periods indicated:

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.6 million primarily due to a $0.9 million reduction in professional services, of which $1.6 million was attributable to the professional services related to the merger with Zoom Connectivity incurred in 2020, and a $0.4 million reduction in personnel expenses, partially offset by $0.4 million in legal settlements, and an increase of $0.2 million in provisions for bad debt.

Future general and administrative expense increases or decreases in absolute dollars are difficult to predict due to the lack of visibility of certain costs, including legal costs associated with defending claims against us, and other factors.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, payments to suppliers for design services, safety and regulatory testing, product certification expenditures to qualify our products for sale into specific markets, prototypes, IT, and other consulting fees. Research and development expenses are recognized as they are incurred. Our research and development organization is focused on enhancing our ability to introduce innovative and easy-to-use products and services. The following table presents research and development expenses, for the periods indicated:

The increase of $2.3 million was primarily due to personnel expenses of $1.5 million and increased contract labor, professional fees, product testing, certification and software development costs of $0.8 million.

We believe that innovation and technological leadership is critical to our future success, and we are committed to continuing a significant level of research and development to develop new technologies, products and services. We continue to invest in research and development to expand our hardware product offerings focused on premium WiFi 6E, WiFi 6, and software solutions. We expect research and development expenses as a percentage of net sales in fiscal 2022 to be in line with or slightly above fiscal 2021 levels. Research and development expenses may fluctuate depending on the timing and number of development activities and could vary significantly as a percentage of net sales, depending on actual net sales achieved in any given year.

Trademark sale. On August 12, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with Zoom Video Communications, Inc. to sell all of the Company’s right, title and interest in the ZOOM® trademark for cash consideration in the amount of $4.0 million, net of legal costs incurred of $44 thousand. The Company did not have a carrying basis in the trademark that was subject to the agreement and recorded income of approximately $4.0 million, which is recorded in income from continuing operations pursuant to ASC 360-10, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense), net was an expense of $206 thousand in fiscal 2021 and income of $1.0 million in fiscal 2020, primarily due to a $1.1 million forgiveness in 2020 on loans received under the Paycheck Protection Plan of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Of the $1.1 million forgiveness, $545 thousand related to loan proceeds received by Zoom Connectivity prior to the Zoom Connectivity merger but forgiven after the Zoom Connectivity merger. Refer to Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit). We recorded minimum state income tax for a few states and tax related to our operations in Mexico, which was $64 thousand and $27 thousand in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively.

Unaudited Pro Forma Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and Zoom Connectivity, Inc. as if the merger of Zoom Connectivity, Inc. had been completed on January 1, 2020. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and do not necessarily represent what the net sales or results of operations would have been had the merger been completed on January 1, 2020. In addition, these results are not intended to be a projection of future operating results. The unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments to eliminate intercompany transactions and align accounting policies. The pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2020 also includes the non-recurring transaction costs totaling $1.6 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under our SVB line-of-credit. As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.6 million as compared to $772 thousand on December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2021, we had $5.1 million of borrowings outstanding and $445 thousand available on our $25.0 million SVB line-of-credit and working capital of $27.8 million. We have funded our operations and investing activities primarily through borrowings on our line of credit, the sale of assets and the sale of our common stock.

Our historical cash outflows have primarily been associated with: (1) cash used for operating activities such as the purchase and growth of inventory, expansion of our sales and marketing and research and development infrastructure and other working capital needs; (2) expenditures related to increasing our manufacturing capacity and improving our manufacturing efficiency; (3) capital expenditures related to the acquisition of equipment; (4) cash used to repay our debt obligations and related interest expense; and (5) cash used for acquisitions. Fluctuations in our working capital due to timing differences of our cash receipts and cash disbursements also impact our cash inflows and outflows.

On August 12, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Zoom Video Communications, Inc. to sell, and sold, all of our rights, title and interest in the ZOOM® trademark for cash consideration in the amount of $4.0 million, net of legal costs incurred of $44 thousand.

On August 2, 2021, we completed a public offering of 10 million shares of our common stock for $22.7 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriter’s discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flows for the periods presented:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities.

Cash used in operating activities of $14.3 million for 2021 reflected our net loss of $3.6 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses, consisting primarily of $1.0 million of depreciation and amortization and $1.0 million of stock-based compensation expense. Uses of cash include an increase in inventories ($16.1 million) and a decrease in accrued expenses ($2.3 million). Sources of cash included a decrease of accounts receivable of $4.3 million and increases in accounts payable of $862 thousand and deferred revenue of $662 thousand.

Cash used in operating activities of $7.1 million for 2020 reflected our net loss of $3.9 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses, consisting primarily of loan forgiveness of $1.1 million. Uses of cash included an increase in accounts receivable of $5.0 million due to increased sales and increased inventories of $8.9 million. Sources of cash include increases in accounts payable of $6.7 million and accrued expenses of $4.7 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities. In 2021, $593 thousand was used to purchase equipment and $89 thousand was used for certification costs.

In 2020, cash acquired in merger was a source of cash of $502 thousand. Cash was used for certification costs ($461 thousand), capitalized software costs ($317 thousand), and the purchase of equipment ($303 thousand).

Cash Flows from Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities in 2021 consisted of a source of cash of $22.7 million from a public offering, $5.2 million from borrowings under our SVB line-of-credit, and $1.2 million in proceeds from the exercises of common stock options. Uses of cash include the repayment of the Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. line-of-credit of $2.4 million.

Cash provided by financing activities in 2020 consisted primarily of net proceeds from a private placement offering of $3.2 million, $2.4 million in borrowings under our line-of-credit with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc., and $1.2 million from stock option exercises.

Future Liquidity Needs

Our primary short-term needs for capital, which are subject to change, include expenditures related to:

Our capital expenditures are largely discretionary and within our control. We expect that our product sales and the resulting operating loss as well as the status of each of our product development programs, will significantly impact our cash management decisions.

At December 31, 2021, we believe our current cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures and operations during the next twelve months. We intend to retain any future earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Our future liquidity and capital requirements will be influenced by numerous factors, including the extent and duration of any future operating losses, the level and timing of future sales and expenditures, the results and scope of ongoing research and product development programs, working capital required to support our sales growth, funds required to service our debt, the receipt of and time required to obtain regulatory clearances and approvals, our sales and marketing programs, our need for infrastructure to support our sales growth, the continuing acceptance of our products in the marketplace, competing technologies and changes in the market and regulatory environment and cash that may be required to settle our foreign currency hedges.

Our ability to fund our longer-term cash needs is subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control—See “Risk Factors—We may require significant additional capital to pursue our growth strategy, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from executing our growth strategy.” Should we require additional funding, such as additional capital investments, we may need to raise the required additional funds through bank borrowings or public or private sales of debt or equity securities. We cannot assure that such funding will be available in needed quantities or on terms favorable to us, if at all.

At December 31, 2021, we have Federal and state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $65.0 million and $22.1 million, respectively, available to reduce future taxable income. A valuation allowance has been established for the full amount of deferred income tax assets as management has concluded that it is more-likely than-not that the benefits from such assets will not be realized.

Contractual Obligations

For a description of our bank credit line, refer to Note 8 and for a description of our operating leases, license agreement and purchase commitments, refer to Note 9 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In 2006, the Company entered into a maquiladora agreement with North American Production Sharing, Inc. (“NAPS”). This agreement provides that NAPS provide certain personnel and other services for a production facility in Mexico on our behalf. Although the maquiladora agreement expired on September 25, 2019, the agreement automatically renews annually unless otherwise cancelled per provisions in the agreement. Any related assets, liabilities, or expenses are reported in the accompanying financial statements. Additionally, the Company is obligated to pay future minimum required royalty payments associated with certain licensing agreements which are not included in our consolidated balance sheet.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required.

ITEM 8 – CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Minim, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Minim, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows, for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods and services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods and services. The Company offers customers the ability to purchase their hardware products along with Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) offerings as a bundled arrangement. The Company must determine which promises are distinct performance obligations and allocate the revenue to each performance obligation that is considered distinct based upon their relative stand-alone selling price. Revenue allocated to the hardware is typically recognized at a point in time upon delivery and revenue allocated to the SaaS is recognized over the estimated life of the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

We identified the identification of distinct performance obligations and the allocation of arrangement consideration as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by the Company in determining revenue recognition. Auditing management’s judgments regarding the identification of performance obligations and the allocation of arrangement consideration involved a high degree of auditor judgment and increased effort.

Our audit procedures related to the identification of distinct performance obligations and the allocation of arrangement consideration included the following, among others:

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Zoom Telephonics, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Zoom Telephonics, Inc. (the "Company"“Company”) as of December 31, 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to amendas the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows the year ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Evaluation of the Merger Transaction between Zoom Telephonics, Inc. and Minim Inc.

Critical Audit Matter Description

As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Minim Inc. (“Minim”) on November 12, 2020, which was consummated on December 4, 2020. Upon consummation of the transactions contemplated by the terms of the Merger Agreement, Minim became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Immediately prior to closing of the Merger Agreement, the majority stockholder of the Company was also the majority stockholder of Minim. As a result of the common ownership upon closing of the transaction, the acquisition was considered a common-control transaction and was outside the scope of the business combination guidance in ASC 805-50. The entities are deemed to be under common control as of October 9, 2020, which was the date that the majority stockholder acquired control of the Company and, therefore, held control over both companies. The consolidated financial statements incorporate Minim’s financial results and financial information for the period from October 9, 2020 through December 31, 2020. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are reported at their historical carrying amounts and any difference between the proceeds transferred is recognized in additional paid-in capital. These consolidated financial statements include the historical accounts of the Company since inception and the accounts of Minim since the date common control commenced on October 9, 2020.

We identified the accounting for the acquisition of Minim Inc. as a critical audit matter because of the significant audit effort necessary to evaluate the Company’s conclusions, including the Company’s assessment if the transaction qualified as a common control merger, of which entity represented the receiving entity, if the receiving entity was also the predecessor, if “push down” accounting was required and the resulting characterization and overall basis of presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s accounting for the Business Combination included, among others:

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009 (such date takes into account the acquisition of a portion of UHY LLP by Marcum LLP in April 2010) to 2021.

Portland, ME April 13, 2021

MINIM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MINIM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 

Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MINIM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020