UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



	☒	~~[x]~~ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020



	☐	~~[ ]~~ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number 1-5823

CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		36-6169860
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		~~36-6169860~~ (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



151 N. Franklin		60606
Chicago,	Illinois	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)		~~60606~~ ~~(Zip Code)~~

~~(312)~~ (312) 822-5000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par value $2.50	"CNA"	New York Stock Exchange
		Chicago Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ~~[x]~~☒ No ~~[ ]~~☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ~~[x]~~☒ No ~~[ ]~~☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒ ~~filer [x]~~	Accelerated filer ~~[ ]~~	~~Non-accelerated~~☐ ~~filer [ ](Do not check if a smaller reporting company)~~	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company ~~[ ]~~	☐	Emerging growth company ~~[ ]~~	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ~~[ ]~~☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ~~[ ]~~☐ No ~~[x]~~☒

~~Indicate the number~~As of April 30, 2020, 271,376,098 shares ~~outstanding of each of the issuer's classes~~ of common stock ~~as of the latest practicable date.~~



~~Class~~		~~Outstanding at April 25, 2019~~
~~Common Stock, Par value $2.50~~		~~271,539,570~~

were outstanding.


Item Number		Page Number		Page Number
	PART I		PART I
1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:		Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	3	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	4	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	5	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	6	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	7	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
4.	Controls and Procedures	53	Controls and Procedures	59
	PART II		PART II
1.	Legal Proceedings	54	Legal Proceedings	60
1A.			Risk Factors	60
2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	62
6.	Exhibits	54	Exhibits	62

PART I

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except per share data)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Revenues
Net earned premiums	$	1,803		$	1,785		$	1,869		$	1,803
Net investment income	571			490			329			571
Net investment gains:
Other-than-temporary impairment losses	(14		)	(6		)
Other net investment gains	45			18
Net investment gains	31			12
Net investment (losses) gains							(216		)	31
Non-insurance warranty revenue	281			238			301			281
Other revenues	9			10			8			9
Total revenues	2,695			2,535			2,291			2,695
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,357			1,339			1,425			1,357
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	342			296			344			342
Non-insurance warranty expense	260			216			281			260
Other operating expenses	283			303			299			283
Interest	34			35			31			34
Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,276			2,189			2,380			2,276
Income before income tax	419			346
Income tax expense	(77		)	(55		)
Net income	$	342		$	291
(Loss) income before income tax							(89		)	419
Income tax benefit (expense)							28			(77		)
Net (loss) income							$	(61	)	$	342

Basic earnings per share	$	1.26		$	1.07
Basic (loss) earnings per share							$	(0.23	)	$	1.26

Diluted earnings per share	$	1.25		$	1.07

Dividends declared per share	$	2.35		$	2.30
Diluted (loss) earnings per share							$	(0.23	)	$	1.25

Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic	271.6			271.4			271.5			271.6
Diluted	272.6			272.4			271.5			272.6

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income ~~(Loss)~~ (Unaudited)

Three months ended March 31
(In millions) 2019 2018
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income $ 342
$ 291
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Changes in:
Net unrealized gains on investments with other-than-temporary impairments 4
(9 )
Net unrealized gains on other investments 526
(429 )
Net unrealized gains on investments 530
(438 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment 17
12
Pension and postretirement benefits 7
10
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 554
(416 )
Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 896
$ (125 )



Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2020			2019
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Net (loss) income	$	(61	)	$	342
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax
Changes in:
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(11		)	—
Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	(1,044		)	530
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(1,055		)	530
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(77		)	17
Pension and postretirement benefits	11			7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(1,121		)	554
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,182	)	$	896

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


(In millions, except share data)	March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020 (Unaudited)			December 31, 2019
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $37,940 and $38,085)	$	40,553		$	39,546
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $812 and $844)	814			780
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $38,034 and $38,126, less allowance for credit loss of $49 and $-)							$	40,098		$	42,207
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $936 and $820)							799			865
Limited partnership investments	1,876			1,982			1,509			1,752
Other invested assets	59			53			63			65
Mortgage loans	863			839
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $20 and $-)							1,021			994
Short term investments	1,474			1,286			596			1,861
Total investments	45,639			44,486			44,086			47,744
Cash	223			310			857			242
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $29 and $29)	4,277			4,426
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $41 and $42)	2,435			2,323
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $23 and $25)							4,328			4,179
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $30 and $32)							2,502			2,449
Accrued investment income	406			391			402			395
Deferred acquisition costs	664			633			683			662
Deferred income taxes	217			392			518			199
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $214 and $216)	314			324
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $224 and $215)							271			282
Goodwill	147			146			145			147
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	2,576			2,513			2,905			2,840
Other assets (includes $- and $8 due from Loews Corporation)	1,579			1,208
Other assets (includes $15 and $21 due from Loews Corporation)							1,708			1,473
Total assets	$	58,477		$	57,152		$	58,405		$	60,612
Liabilities
Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	21,836		$	21,984		$	21,872		$	21,720
Unearned premiums	4,422			4,183			4,745			4,583
Future policy benefits	11,078			10,597			11,734			12,311
Long term debt	2,681			2,680			2,680			2,679
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	3,472			3,402			3,848			3,779
Other liabilities (includes $31 and $23 due to Loews Corporation)	3,533			3,089
Other liabilities (includes $7 and $21 due to Loews Corporation)							3,164			3,325
Total liabilities	47,022			45,935			48,043			48,397
Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,527,510 and 271,456,978 shares outstanding)	683			683
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,370,988 and 271,412,591 shares outstanding)							683			683
Additional paid-in capital	2,184			2,192			2,187			2,203
Retained earnings	8,976			9,277			8,634			9,348
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(324		)	(878		)
Treasury stock (1,512,733 and 1,583,265 shares), at cost	(64		)	(57		)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income							(1,070		)	51
Treasury stock (1,669,255 and 1,627,652 shares), at cost							(72		)	(70		)
Total stockholders’ equity	11,455			11,217			10,362			12,215
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	58,477		$	57,152		$	58,405		$	60,612

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	342		$	291
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax expense	32			29
Net (loss) income							$	(61	)	$	342
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense							(37		)	32
Trading portfolio activity	(3		)	(1		)	7			(3		)
Net investment (gains)	(31		)	(12		)
Net investment losses (gains)							216			(31		)
Equity method investees	14			(2		)	98			14
Net amortization of investments	(25		)	(15		)	(15		)	(25		)
Depreciation and amortization	19			20			16			19
Changes in:
Receivables, net	44			(215		)	(229		)	44
Accrued investment income	(15		)	(3		)	(8		)	(15		)
Deferred acquisition costs	(30		)	(29		)	(27		)	(30		)
Insurance reserves	57			311			510			57
Other, net	(117		)	(156		)	(258		)	(117		)
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	287			218			212			287
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Dispositions:
Fixed maturity securities - sales	2,259			2,576			823			2,259
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	576			531			799			576
Equity securities	64			7			98			64
Limited partnerships	186			69			204			186
Mortgage loans	35			11			15			35
Purchases:
Fixed maturity securities	(2,447		)	(2,690		)	(1,818		)	(2,447		)
Equity securities	(36		)	(98		)	(220		)	(36		)
Limited partnerships	(114		)	(62		)	(32		)	(114		)
Mortgage loans	(59		)	(36		)	(61		)	(59		)
Change in other investments	(6		)	(4		)	(6		)	(6		)
Change in short term investments	(177		)	208			1,267			(177		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(8		)	(38		)	(3		)	(8		)
Other, net	16			15			21			16
Net cash flows provided by investing activities	289			489			1,087			289
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(643		)	(624		)	(649		)	(643		)
Repayment of debt	—			(150		)
Purchase of treasury stock	(14		)	—			(18		)	(14		)
Other, net	(8		)	(7		)	(8		)	(8		)
Net cash flows used by financing activities	(665		)	(781		)	(675		)	(665		)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	2			1			(9		)	2
Net change in cash	(87		)	(73		)	615			(87		)
Cash, beginning of year	310			355			242			310
Cash, end of period	$	223		$	282		$	857		$	223

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period	$	683		$	683		$	683		$	683
Balance, end of period	683			683			683			683
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of period	2,192			2,175			2,203			2,192
Stock-based compensation	(8		)	(2		)	(16		)	(8		)
Balance, end of period	2,184			2,173			2,187			2,184
Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported							9,348			9,277
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax							(5		)	—
Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted							9,343			9,277
Dividends to common stockholders ($2.37 and $2.35 per share)							(648		)	(643		)
Net (loss) income							(61		)	342
Balance, end of period							8,634			8,976
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance, beginning of period	9,277			9,364			51			(878		)
Dividends to common stockholders ($2.35 and $2.30 per share)	(643		)	(627		)
Net income	342			291
Balance, end of period	8,976			9,028
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, beginning of period	(878		)	16
Other comprehensive income (loss)	554			(416		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income							(1,121		)	554
Balance, end of period	(324		)	(400		)	(1,070		)	(324		)
Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period	(57		)	(60		)	(70		)	(57		)
Stock-based compensation	7			1			16			7
Purchase of treasury stock	(14		)	—			(18		)	(14		)
Balance, end of period	(64		)	(59		)	(72		)	(64		)
Total stockholders' equity	$	11,455		$	11,425		$	10,362		$	11,455

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

CNA Financial Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note A. General

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) and its subsidiaries. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately 89% of the outstanding common stock of CNAF as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, including certain financial statement notes, is not required for interim reporting purposes and has been condensed or omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, including the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The interim financial data as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU)

ASU ~~2016-02:~~ 2016-13:In ~~February~~June 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ~~issued ASU No. 2016-02,~~ ~~Leases (Topic 842): Accounting for Leases.~~ The updated accounting guidance requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by the majority of leases, including those historically accounted for as operating leases. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the updated guidance using a modified retrospective method. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous accounting guidance. The Company utilized the package of practical expedients allowing the Company to not reassess whether a contract is or contains a lease, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company also utilized the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all leases.

~~Adoption of the updated guidance resulted in the following changes to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet on January 1, 2019:~~

(In millions) Balance as of December 31, 2018 Adjustments Due to Adoption of Topic 842 Balance as of January 1, 2019
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation) $ 324
$ 2
$ 326
Other assets 1,208
237
1,445
Other liabilities 3,089
239
3,328

Operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, included within Other assets, were reduced by accrued rent and lease incentives of $75 million previously classified as Other liabilities. The updated guidance did not impact the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note K to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding leases.

~~Accounting Standards Pending Adoption~~

~~In June 2016, the FASB~~ issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurementof Credit Losses on Financial ~~Instruments.~~ Instruments. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments not accounted for at fair value through ~~net income. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The guidance will be applied using a modified retrospective approach with~~ the cumulative effect recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings. A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities that have recognized an other-than-temporary impairment prior to the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on the Company'sCompany’s results of operations. For financial ~~statements, but expects the primary changes to be the use of~~assets measured at cost, the expected credit loss model ~~for its mortgage loan portfolio, reinsurance and insurance receivables and other financing receivables and~~requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses over the ~~use~~life of the ~~allowance method rather than~~asset and presentation of the ~~write-down method for credit losses within the available-for-sale fixed maturities portfolio. The expected credit loss model will require a financial~~ asset ~~to be presented~~ at the net amount expected to be collected. ~~The~~This new guidance applies to mortgage loan investments, reinsurance and insurance receivables and other financing receivables. For available-for-sale fixed maturity securities carried at fair value, estimated credit losses will continue to be measured at the present value of expected cash flows, however, the other than temporary impairment (OTTI) concept has been eliminated. Under the previous guidance, estimated credit impairments resulted in a write-down of amortized cost. Under the new guidance, estimated credit losses are recognized through an allowance ~~method for available-for-sale debt securities will allow the Company to record~~and reversals of ~~credit losses~~the allowance are permitted if the estimate of credit losses declines. For available-for-sale fixed maturity securities where the Company has an intent to sell, impairment will continue to result in a write-down of amortized cost.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the updated guidance using a modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to beginning Retained earnings. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous accounting guidance. A prospective transition approach is required for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities that were purchased with credit deterioration (PCD assets) or have recognized an OTTI write-down prior to the effective date. The cumulative effect of the accounting change resulted in a $5 million decrease in Retained earnings, with a corresponding $7 million allowance for credit losses recorded for Mortgage loans partially offset by a $2 million tax impact.

The allowance for uncollectible insurance and reinsurance receivables was unchanged as a result of adopting the new guidance. At adoption, an allowance for credit losses of $6 million was established for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities that were PCD assets, with a corresponding increase to amortized cost, resulting in no adjustment to the carrying value of the securities. Below is a summary of the significant accounting policies impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-13.

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is reported as a reduction of a financial asset’s cost basis and is measured on a pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information from both internal and external sources. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses and adjustments may be made to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for any additional factors that come to the Company’s attention. This could include significant shifts in counterparty financial strength ratings, aging of past due receivables, amounts sent to collection agencies, or other underlying portfolio changes. Amounts are considered past due when payments have not been received according to contractual terms. The Company also considers current and forecast economic conditions, using a variety of economic metrics and forecast indices. The sensitivity of expected credit losses relative to changes to these forecast economic conditions can vary by financial asset class. The Company considers a reasonable and supportable forecast period to be up to 24 months from the balance sheet date. After the forecast period, the Company reverts to historical credit experience. The Company uses collateral arrangements such as letters of credit and amounts held in beneficiary trusts to mitigate credit risk, which are considered in the estimate of net amount expected to be collected.

The Company has made a policy election to present accrued interest balances separately from the amortized cost basis of assets and has elected the practical expedient to exclude the accrued interest from the tabular disclosures for mortgage loans and available-for-sale securities. The Company has elected not to estimate an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. The accrual of interest income is discontinued and the asset is placed on nonaccrual status in the quarter that payment becomes delinquent. Interest accrued but not received for assets on nonaccrual status is reversed through investment income. Interest received for assets that are on nonaccrual status is recognized as payment is received. The asset is returned to accrual status when the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are expected. Interest receivable is presented as a component of accrued investment income on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

See Note C and Note K to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding credit losses.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for ~~Long-Duration~~Long Duration Contracts. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. The guidance requires entities to annually update cash flow assumptions, including morbidity and persistency, and update discount rate assumptions quarterly using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions will be recorded in ~~Net income~~the Company's results of operations and the effect of changes in discount rate assumptions will be recorded in Other comprehensive income. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, ~~2020,~~2021, and the Company will adopt it on January 1, 2022. The guidance requires restatement of ~~the~~ prior periods presented. ~~Early adoption is permitted.~~ The Company is currently evaluating the method ~~and timing~~ of adoption and the effect the updated guidance will have on its financial ~~statements.~~statements, including the increased disclosure requirements. The annual updating of cash flow assumptions is expected to increase income statement volatility. The quarterly change in discount rate is expected to increase volatility in the Company’s stockholders' equity, but that will be somewhat mitigated because Shadow Adjustments are eliminated under the new guidance. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from existing GAAP, the underlying economics of the business and related cash flows ~~are~~will be unchanged.

Note B. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (loss) per share is based on ~~the~~ weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes the impact of dilutive securities and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, approximately 1,015 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because the effect would have been antidilutive due to the net loss position of the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ approximately 971 ~~thousand and 1,009~~ thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 approximately 9 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, because the effect would have been antidilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 there were no0 antidilutive shares.

The Company repurchased 435,376 and 317,508 shares of ~~CNA Financial Corporation~~CNAF common stock at an aggregate cost of $18 million and $14 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. ~~No repurchases were made during 2018.~~

Note C. Investments

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Fixed maturity securities	$	455		$	446		$	438		$	455
Equity securities	30			10			(44		)	30
Limited partnership investments	76			30			(70		)	76
Mortgage loans	12			11			14			12
Short term investments	10			6			7			10
Trading portfolio	2			2			1			2
Other	2			—			—			2
Gross investment income	587			505			346			587
Investment expense	(16		)	(15		)	(17		)	(16		)
Net investment income	$	571		$	490		$	329		$	571

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018, $17~~$(45) million and ~~less than $1~~$17 million of Net investment income was recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock still held as of March 31, 2020 and 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $(2) million and ~~2018.~~less than $1 million of Net investment income was recognized due to the change in fair value of trading securities still held as of March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	$	36		$	69		$	29		$	36
Gross losses	(42		)	(51		)	(104		)	(42		)
Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities	(6		)	18			(75		)	(6		)
Equity securities	42			(15		)	(133		)	42
Derivatives	(5		)	5			5			(5		)
Mortgage loans							(13		)	—
Short term investments and other	—			4			—			—
Net investment gains (losses)	$	31		$	12		$	(216	)	$	31

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $(133) million of losses and ~~2018,~~ $42 million of gains were recognized in Net investment gains ~~and $15 million of Net investment losses were recognized~~(losses) due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019.

For available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, a credit loss exists if the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit loss related to available-for-sale fixed maturity securities is the difference between present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. The Company considers all available evidence when determining whether an investment requires a credit loss write-down or allowance to be recorded. Examples of such evidence may include the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, whether the issuer is current with interest and principal payments, credit ratings on the security or changes in ratings over time, general market conditions and industry, sector or other specific factors and whether it is likely that the Company will recover its amortized cost through the collection of cash flows. Changes in the allowance are presented as a component of Net investment gains (losses) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table presents the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and PCD assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $390 million and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables included within this Note.



Three months ended March 31
(in millions)	Corporate and other bonds
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	—
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Impact of adopting ASC 326	6
For securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	48
For available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	1

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	5
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	1
Write-offs charged against the allowance	—
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	—

Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—
Ending balance as of March 31, 2020	$	49

The components of ~~Other-than-temporary~~available-for-sale impairment ~~(OTTI)~~ losses recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date.


Three months ended March 31
Three Months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019		2018		2020		2019
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	6	$	5	$	91	$	6
Asset-backed	8		1		1		8
OTTI losses recognized in earnings	$	14	$	6
Impairment losses recognized in earnings					$	92	$	14

The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities.


March 31, 2019	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains)
March 31, 2020					Cost or Amortized Cost							Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses			Allowance for Credit Losses⁽¹⁾			Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost							Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses					Estimated Fair Value						Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	19,296	$	1,269		$	99		$	20,466			$	—			$	20,181		$	1,419		$	817		$	49		$	20,734
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	9,279		1,299			—			10,578				—			8,957			1,536			2			—			10,491
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	4,760		92			20			4,832				(22		)	4,198			207			8			—			4,397
Commercial mortgage-backed	2,026		53			7			2,072				—			2,207			36			153			—			2,090
Other asset-backed	1,877		25			12			1,890				(3		)	1,868			9			133			—			1,744
Total asset-backed	8,663		170			39			8,794				(25		)	8,273			252			294			—			8,231
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	162		3			1			164				—			147			8			—			—			155
Foreign government	502		12			1			513				—			452			15			4			—			463
Redeemable preferred stock	10		—			—			10				—			9			—			—			—			9
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	37,912		2,753			140			40,525				$	(25	)	38,019			3,230			1,117			49			40,083
Total fixed maturity securities trading	28		—			—			28							15			—			—			—			15
Total fixed maturity securities	$	37,940	$	2,753		$	140		$	40,553						$	38,034		$	3,230		$	1,117		$	49		$	40,098

(1) As of January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326):Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains) column that tracked subsequent valuation changes on securities for which a credit loss had previously been recorded has been replaced with the Allowance for Credit Losses column.


December 31, 2018	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains)
December 31, 2019					Cost or Amortized Cost							Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value			Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains)
(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost							Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses					Estimated Fair Value						Unrealized OTTI Losses (Gains)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	18,764	$	791		$	395		$	19,160			$	—			$	19,789		$	2,292		$	32		$	22,049		$	—
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	9,681		1,076			9			10,748				—			9,093			1,559			—			10,652			—
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	4,815		68			57			4,826				(20		)	4,387			133			1			4,519			(17		)
Commercial mortgage-backed	2,200		28			32			2,196				—			2,265			86			5			2,346			1
Other asset-backed	1,975		11			24			1,962				—			1,925			41			4			1,962			(3		)
Total asset-backed	8,990		107			113			8,984				(20		)	8,577			260			10			8,827			(19		)
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	156		3			—			159				—			146			1			2			145			—
Foreign government	480		5			4			481				—			491			14			1			504			—
Redeemable preferred stock	10		—			—			10				—			10			—			—			10			—
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	38,081		1,982			521			39,542				$	(20	)	38,106			4,126			45			42,187			$	(19	)
Total fixed maturity securities trading	4		—			—			4							20			—			—			20
Total fixed maturity securities	$	38,085	$	1,982		$	521		$	39,546						$	38,126		$	4,126		$	45		$	42,207

The net unrealized gains on investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of ~~AOCI.~~Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting certain products within the Life & Group segment would result in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments). As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the net unrealized gains on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of ~~$1,458~~$1,700 million and ~~$1,078~~$2,198 million.

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by the length of time in which the securities have continuously been in that position.


	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer							Total						Less than 12 Months							12 Months or Longer							Total
March 31, 2019	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2020									Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	1,656	$	39			$	1,743			$	60		$			3,399				$	99		$	7,036		$	804			$	44			$	13			$	7,080	$	817
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	14		—			3				—			17				—		82				2			—			—				82				2
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	94		—			1,494				20			1,588				20		166				7			22			1				188				8
Commercial mortgage-backed	184		2			236				5			420				7		1,185				151			12			2				1,197				153
Other asset-backed	450		10			95				2			545				12		1,510				131			9			2				1,519				133
Total asset-backed	728		12			1,825				27			2,553				39		2,861				289			43			5				2,904				294
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	48		1			14				—			62				1		2				—			—			—				2				—
Foreign government	32		1			27				—			59				1		76				4			—			—				76				4
Redeemable preferred stock																			9				—			—			—				9				—
Total	$	2,478	$	53		$	3,612			$	87		$	6,090			$	140	$	10,066			$	1,099		$	87		$	18			$	10,153			$	1,117


	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer							Total						Less than 12 Months							12 Months or Longer							Total
December 31, 2018	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2019									Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	8,543	$	340			$	825			$	55		$			9,368				$	395		$	914		$	21			$	186			$	11			$	1,100	$	32
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	517		8			5				1			522				9		34				—			—			—				34				—
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	1,932		23			1,119				34			3,051				57		249				1			30			—				279				1
Commercial mortgage-backed	728		10			397				22			1,125				32		381				3			20			2				401				5
Other asset-backed	834		21			125				3			959				24		449				3			33			1				482				4
Total asset-backed	3,494		54			1,641				59			5,135				113		1,079				7			83			3				1,162				10
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	21		—			19				—			40				—		62				2			2			—				64				2
Foreign government	114		2			124				2			238				4		59				1			1			—				60				1
Total	$	12,689	$	404		$	2,614			$	117		$	15,303			$	521	$	2,148			$	31		$	272		$	14			$	2,420			$	45

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale Corporate and other bonds in a gross unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 across industry sectors and by rating distributions.



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate and other bonds:
Basic Materials	$	727	$	78
Communications	349		27
Consumer, cyclical - Other	390		56
Consumer, non-cyclical - Other	401		27
Energy - Oil & Gas	575		191
Energy - Pipelines	523		112
Entertainment	148		23
Financial - Other	1,711		89
Financial - Real Estate/REITS	599		45
Industrial	468		55
Retail	150		18
Technology	290		30
Transportation	73		5
Travel & Related	269		37
Utilities	407		24
Total Corporate and other bonds	$	7,080	$	817



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate and other bonds:
AAA	$	8	$	—
AA	134		4
A	608		17
BBB	4,987		516
Below investment grade	1,343		280
Total Corporate and other bonds	$	7,080	$	817

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale Commercial mortgage-backed securities in a gross unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 by property type and by rating distributions.



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Commercial mortgage-backed:
Conduits (multi property, multi borrower pools)	$	211	$	11
Single asset, single borrower	986		142
Total Commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,197	$	153



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Commercial mortgage-backed:
US Government, Government agencies and Government sponsored enterprises	$	1	$	—
AAA	60		1
AA	245		17
A	214		22
BBB	484		78
Below investment grade	193		35
Total Commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,197	$	153

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale Other asset-backed securities in a gross unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 by underlying collateral and by rating distributions.



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Other asset-backed:
Auto	$	290	$	6
Collateralized loan obligations	418		60
Franchise	414		39
Other	397		28
Total Other asset-backed	$	1,519	$	133



March 31, 2020	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Other asset-backed:
AAA	$	49	$	1
AA	83		2
A	821		74
BBB	566		56
Below investment grade	—		—
Total Other asset-backed	$	1,519	$	133

Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the March 31, ~~2019 securities in a~~2020 gross unrealized loss position ~~table~~tables above are not indicative of the ultimate collectibility of the current amortized cost of the ~~securities, but rather~~securities. Rather, the Company believes the gross unrealized losses are attributable primarily to ~~changes in interest rates,~~widening credit spreads ~~and other factors.~~over risk free rates beyond historic norms, as a result of market uncertainties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as supply shocks in the energy sector coupled with demand shocks in multiple sectors from the COVID-19 pandemic, that originated during the first quarter of 2020. The Company has no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, the Company has determined that there are no additional ~~OTTI~~impairment losses to be recorded as of March 31, ~~2019.~~

The following table presents the activity related to the pretax credit loss component reflected in Retained earnings on fixed maturity securities still held as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 for which a portion of an OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss).

Three months ended March 31
(In millions) 2019 2018
Beginning balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities $ 18
$ 27
Reductions for securities sold during the period (1 ) (2 )
Ending balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities $ 17
$ 25

2020.

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.


	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,144	$	1,155	$	1,350	$	1,359	$	1,331	$	1,325	$	1,334	$	1,356
Due after one year through five years	7,718		7,992		7,979		8,139		11,554		11,812		9,746		10,186
Due after five years through ten years	16,874		17,374		16,859		16,870		13,078		13,069		14,892		15,931
Due after ten years	12,176		14,004		11,893		13,174		12,056		13,877		12,134		14,714
Total	$	37,912	$	40,525	$	38,081	$	39,542	$	38,019	$	40,083	$	38,106	$	42,187

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds an embedded derivative on a funds withheld liability with a notional value of ~~$174~~$196 million and ~~$172~~$182 million as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and a fair value of ~~$(2)~~$(1) million and $4$(7) million as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability is accounted for separately and reported with the funds withheld liability in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investment Commitments

As part of ~~March 31, 2019,~~its overall investment strategy, the Company ~~had committed approximately $597 million to~~invests in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited ~~partnership investments in exchange for an ownership interest in the~~partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications, and obligations related ~~partnerships.~~

to privately placed debt securities. As of March 31, ~~2019, the Company had mortgage loan commitments of $9 million representing signed loan applications received and accepted.~~

The Company invests in various privately placed debt securities, including bank loans, as part of its overall investment strategy and has committed to additional future purchases, sales and funding. Purchases and sales of privately placed debt securities are recorded once funded. As of March 31, 2019,2020, the Company had commitments to purchase or fund ~~additional amounts of $283~~approximately $1,025 million and sell ~~$150~~approximately $85 million under the terms of ~~such securities.~~these investments.

Mortgage Loans

The allowance for expected credit losses is developed by assessing the credit quality of pools of mortgage loans in good standing using debt service coverage ratios (DSCR) and loan-to-value ratios (LTV). The DSCR compares a property’s net operating income to its debt service payments, including principal and interest. The LTV ratio compares the current unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. The pools developed to measure the credit loss allowance use increments of DSCR and LTV to draw distinctions between risk levels. Changes in the allowance for mortgage loans are presented as a component of Net investment gains (losses) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has adjusted the historical loss rate applied to mortgage loans over the forecast period to reflect higher expected credit losses based on observable economic forecasts, which increased the allowance by $13 million for the period ended March 31, 2020.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination as of March 31, 2020:



	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year ⁽¹⁾
As of March 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Total
DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%	$	60	$	32	$	19	$	92	$	41	$	130	$	374
LTV 55% to 65%	—		32		29		55		4		—		120
LTV greater than 65%	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%	—		33		10		13		16		126		198
LTV 55% to 65%	—		73		32		32		—		—		137
LTV greater than 65%	—		85		—		—		—		—		85
DSCR ≤1.2
LTV less than 55%	—		1		11		27		—		9		48
LTV 55% to 65%	—		14		14		—		—		—		28
LTV greater than 65%	—		22		—		—		24		—		46
Total	$	60	$	297	$	115	$	219	$	85	$	265	$	1,041


(1)	The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

As of March 31, 2020, accrued interest receivable on mortgage loans totaled $4 million and is excluded from the amortized cost basis disclosed in the table above and the estimate of expected credit losses. There were no loans that were past due or placed in nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2020. NaN interest income was written off for the period ended March 31, 2020.

Note D. Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1, as these are the most transparent or reliable.

Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.

Prices may fall within Level 1, 2 or 3 depending upon the methodology and inputs used to estimate fair value for each specific security. In general, the Company seeks to price securities using third-party pricing services. Securities not priced by pricing services are submitted to independent brokers for valuation and, if those are not available, internally developed pricing models are used to value assets using a methodology and inputs the Company believes market participants would use to value the assets. Prices obtained from third-party pricing services or brokers are not adjusted by the Company.

The Company performs control procedures over information obtained from pricing services and brokers to ensure prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value and to confirm representations regarding whether inputs are observable or unobservable. Procedures may include i) the review of pricing service methodologies or broker pricing qualifications, ii) back-testing, where past fair value estimates are compared to actual transactions executed in the market on similar dates, iii) exception reporting, where period-over-period changes in price are reviewed and challenged with the pricing service or broker based on exception criteria, and iv) deep dives, where the Company performs an independent analysis of the inputs and assumptions used to price individual ~~securities and v) pricing validation, where prices received are compared to prices independently estimated by the Company.~~securities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the U.S. Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.


March 31, 2019							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
March 31, 2020							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	203	$	20,707	$	253	$	21,163	$	175	$	20,705	$	496	$	21,376
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		10,596		—		10,596		—		10,491		—		10,491
Asset-backed	—		8,610		184		8,794		—		8,034		197		8,231
Total fixed maturity securities	203		39,913		437		40,553		175		39,230		693		40,098
Equity securities:
Common stock	136		—		4		140		187		—		4		191
Non-redeemable preferred stock	50		608		16		674		59		538		11		608
Total equity securities	186		608		20		814		246		538		15		799
Short term and other	253		1,126		—		1,379		135		365		—		500
Total assets	$	642	$	41,647	$	457	$	42,746	$	556	$	40,133	$	708	$	41,397
Liabilities
Other liabilities	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Total liabilities	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1


December 31, 2018								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
December 31, 2019								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value									Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	196	$	19,396		$	222	$	19,814		$	175	$	22,085	$	468	$	22,728
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		10,748			—		10,748			—		10,652		—		10,652
Asset-backed	—		8,787			197		8,984			—		8,662		165		8,827
Total fixed maturity securities	196		38,931			419		39,546			175		41,399		633		42,207
Equity securities:
Common stock	144		—			4		148			135		—		7		142
Non-redeemable preferred stock	48		570			14		632			54		658		11		723
Total equity securities	192		570			18		780			189		658		18		865
Short term and other	216		949			—		1,165			397		1,344		—		1,741
Total assets	$	604	$	40,450		$	437	$	41,491		$	761	$	43,401	$	651	$	44,813
Liabilities
Other liabilities	$	—	$	(4	)	$	—	$	(4	)	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	7
Total liabilities	$	—	$	(4	)	$	—	$	(4	)	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	7

The tables below present a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).


Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed			Equity securities		Total			Corporate bonds and other			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed			Equity securities			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019	$	222		$	—	$	197		$	18	$	437
Balance as of January 1, 2020														$	468		$	—	$	165		$	18		$	651
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	—			—		—			2		2			—			—		—			—			—
Reported in Net investment income														—			—		—			(3		)	(3		)
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	8			—		3			—		11			(37		)	—		(9		)	—			(46		)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	8			—		3			2		13			(37		)	—		(9		)	(3		)	(49		)
Purchases	56			—		20			—		76			67			—		45			—			112
Sales	—			—		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			—
Settlements	(2		)	—		(4		)	—		(6		)	(2		)	—		(3		)	—			(5		)
Transfers into Level 3	—			—		5			—		5			—			—		—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3	(31		)	—		(37		)	—		(68		)	—			—		(1		)	—			(1		)
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	253		$	—	$	184		$	20	$	457
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2019 recognized in Net income (loss)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	2	$	2
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2019 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)	7			—		3			—		10
Balance as of March 31, 2020														$	496		$	—	$	197		$	15		$	708
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2020 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period														$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(3	)	$	(3	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2020 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period														(35		)	—		(9		)	—			(44		)


Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed			Equity securities			Total			Corporate bonds and other			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed			Equity securities		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	98		$	1	$	335		$	20		$	454
Balance as of January 1, 2019															$	222		$	—	$	197		$	18	$	437
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(1		)	—		7			(2		)	4			—			—		—			2		2
Reported in Net investment income															—			—		—			—		—
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—		(5		)	—			(5		)	8			—		3			—		11
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(1		)	—		2			(2		)	(1		)	8			—		3			2		13
Purchases	—			—		30			—			30			56			—		20			—		76
Sales	—			—		(72		)	—			(72		)	—			—		—			—		—
Settlements	(2		)	—		(6		)	—			(8		)	(2		)	—		(4		)	—		(6		)
Transfers into Level 3	5			—		—			—			5			—			—		5			—		5
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—		(10		)	—			(10		)	(31		)	—		(37		)	—		(68		)
Balance as of March 31, 2018	$	100		$	1	$	279		$	18		$	398
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2018 recognized in Net income (loss)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(2	)	$	(2	)
Balance as of March 31, 2019															$	253		$	—	$	184		$	20	$	457
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2019 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period															$	—		$	—	$	—		$	2	$	2
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2019 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period															7			—		3			—		10

Securities may be transferred in or out of levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the availability of observable market information and quoted prices used to determine the fair value of the security. The availability of observable market information and quoted prices varies based on market conditions and trading volume.

Valuation Methodologies and Inputs

The following section describes the valuation methodologies and relevant inputs used to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the instruments are generally classified.

Fixed Maturity Securities

Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and exchange traded bonds, ~~and redeemable preferred stock,~~ valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities include most other fixed maturity securities as the significant inputs are observable in the marketplace. All classes of Level 2 fixed maturity securities are valued using a methodology based on information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, a discounted cash flow methodology, or a combination of both when necessary. Common inputs for all classes of fixed maturity securities include prices from recently executed transactions of similar securities, marketplace quotes, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, interest rates and U.S. Treasury or swap curves. Specifically for asset-backed securities, key inputs include prepayment and default projections based on past performance of the underlying collateral and current market data. Fixed maturity securities are primarily assigned to Level 3 in cases where broker/dealer quotes are significant inputs to the valuation and there is a lack of transparency as to whether these quotes are based on information that is observable in the marketplace. Level 3 securities also include private placement debt securities whose fair value is determined using internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Equity Securities

Level 1 equity securities include publicly traded securities valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities are primarily valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions and other pricing models utilizing market observable inputs. Level 3 securities are primarily priced using broker/dealer quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Short Term and Other Invested Assets

Securities that are actively traded or have quoted prices are classified as Level 1. These securities include money market funds and treasury bills. Level 2 primarily includes commercial paper, for which all inputs are market observable. Fixed maturity securities purchased within one year of maturity are classified consistent with fixed maturity securities discussed above. Short term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because certain short term investments, such as time deposits, are not measured at fair value.

As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~approximately $54~~$58 million and ~~$48~~$60 million of overseas deposits within ~~other~~Other invested assets, which can be redeemed at net asset value in 90 days or less. Overseas deposits are excluded from the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share (or equivalent) practical expedient.

Derivative Financial Investments

~~Level 2 investments primarily include the embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability.~~ The embedded derivative on funds withheld liability is valued using the change in fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which are fixed maturity securities primarily valued with observable inputs.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

March 31, 2019

Estimated Fair Value

(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

(Weighted Average)

March 31, 2020

Estimated Fair Value

(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

293

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 5% (3%)

583

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 10% (4%)

December 31, 2018

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

(Weighted Average)

December 31, 2019

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

228

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 12% (3%)

525

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 6% (2%)

For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables.


March 31, 2019	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2020	Carrying Amount										Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets	Carrying Amount
Mortgage loans	$	863	$	—	$	—	$	868	$	868	$	1,021	$	—	$	—	$	1,036	$	1,036
Note receivable	20		—		—		20		20
Liabilities
Long term debt	$	2,681	$	—	$	2,792	$	—	$	2,792	$	2,680	$	—	$	2,730	$	—	$	2,730


December 31, 2018	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2019	Carrying Amount										Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets	Carrying Amount
Mortgage loans	$	839	$	—	$	—	$	827	$	827	$	994	$	—	$	—	$	1,025	$	1,025
Note receivable	35		—		—		35		35		21		—		—		21		21
Liabilities
Long term debt	$	2,680	$	—	$	2,731	$	—	$	2,731	$	2,679	$	—	$	2,906	$	—	$	2,906

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities.

The fair ~~values~~value of mortgage loans ~~were~~was based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for origination of similar quality loans, adjusted for specific loan risk.

The fair value of the note receivable was based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the current interest rate for origination of similar notes, adjusted for specific credit risk. ~~The~~During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the note receivable iswas repaid in full. As of December 31, 2019, the note receivable was included within Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company's senior notes and debentures were valued based on observable market prices. The fair value for other debt was estimated using discounted cash flows based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar borrowing arrangements.

The carrying amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash, Short term investments not carried at fair value, Accrued investment income and certain Other assets and Other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items. These assets and liabilities are not listed in the tables above.

Note E. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

Property and casualty insurance claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims as of the reporting date. The Company's reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, the Company's experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, including inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers' compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the Company's ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in our results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of ~~$58~~$75 million and ~~$34~~$58 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. Net catastrophe losses infor the ~~first quarter of~~three months ended March 31, 2020 included $13 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the remaining $62 million related primarily to U.S. weather related events. Net catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 ~~and 2018~~ related primarily to U.S. weather related events.

Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group segment.


For the three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	21,984		$	22,004		$	21,720		$	21,984
Ceded	4,019			3,934			3,835			4,019
Net reserves, beginning of year	17,965			18,070			17,885			17,965
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	1,309			1,246			1,355			1,309
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	8			(34		)	(8		)	8
Amortization of discount	50			47			51			50
Total net incurred ⁽¹⁾	1,367			1,259			1,398			1,367
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(100		)	(91		)	(72		)	(100		)
Prior year events	(1,309		)	(1,219		)	(1,218		)	(1,309		)
Total net payments	(1,409		)	(1,310		)	(1,290		)	(1,409		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	13			(9		)	(88		)	13
Net reserves, end of period	17,936			18,010			17,905			17,936
Ceded reserves, end of period	3,900			4,057			3,967			3,900
Gross reserves, end of period	$	21,836		$	22,067		$	21,872		$	21,836


(1)	Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, uncollectible reinsurance ~~and loss deductible receivables,~~ and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development (development). These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.


For the three months ended March 31
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty	$	(20	)	$	(30	)	$	(11	)	$	(20	)
Commercial	(8		)	(9		)	(4		)	(8		)
International	14			—			—			14
Corporate & Other	—			—			—			—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(14	)	$	(39	)	$	(15	)	$	(14	)

Specialty

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability	$	15		$	20		$	10		$	15
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	(12		)	(34		)	3			(12		)
Surety	(25		)	(15		)	(30		)	(25		)
Warranty	—			—			—			—
Other	2			(1		)	6			2
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(20	)	$	(30	)	$	(11	)	$	(20	)

2020

Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was primarily due to unfavorable outcomes on specific claims in accident years 2015 and 2016 in our aging services business.

Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency for accident years 2017 and prior.

2019

Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was primarily due to higher than expected severity in accident year 2013 in our allied healthcare business.

Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily due to lower than expected claim frequency and favorable outcomes on individual claims in accident years 2017 and prior related to financial institutions. This was partially offset by unfavorable development in management liability in accident year 2014 due to large claim activity.

Favorable development in surety was due to lower than expected frequency for accident years 2016 and prior.

~~2018~~

~~Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was primarily due to higher than expected severity in accident years 2014 and 2017 in our hospitals business.~~

Favorable development in other professional liability and management liability was primarily due to lower than expected claim frequency in accident years 2013 through 2015 related to financial institutions.

~~Favorable development in surety was due to lower than expected loss emergence for accident years 2015 and prior.~~

Commercial

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial Auto	$	(5	)	$	(1	)	$	9		$	(5	)
General Liability	(20		)	(8		)	—			(20		)
Workers' Compensation	2			(6		)	(13		)	2
Property and Other	15			6			—			15
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(8	)	$	(9	)	$	(4	)	$	(8	)

2020

Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in accident years 2016 through 2018.

2019

Favorable development in general liability was primarily due to lower than expected frequency on latent construction defect claims in multiple accident years.

Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected frequency and large loss activity in accident year 2018 in our marine business.

~~2018~~

~~Favorable development in general liability was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and severity in accident years 2015 and prior for our middle market construction business.~~

International

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020		2019
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Casualty	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—
Property	15			(1		)
Energy and Marine	(1		)	—
Specialty ⁽¹⁾	—			1
Property, Energy and Marine⁽¹⁾							—		14
Specialty							—		—
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	14		$	—		$	—	$	14

~~(1) Effective January 1, 2019 the Healthcare and Technology line of business has been absorbed within the Specialty line~~


(1)	EffectiveJanuary 1, 2020 the Property and Energy and Marine lines of business have been combined in the International segment. Prior period information has been conformed to the new line of business presentation.

2019

Unfavorable development in property, energy and marine was driven by higher than expected claims in Hardy onfor 2018 accident year catastrophes.

Asbestos and Environmental Pollution (A&EP) Reserves

In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (CCC) together with several of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of the Company’s legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). At the effective date of the transaction, the Company ceded approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third-party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third-party reinsurance related to these liabilities. The Company paid NICO a reinsurance premium of $2 billion and transferred to NICO billed third-party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.

In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, the Company recognized adverse prior year development on its A&EP reserves resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which the Company recognizes a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The ~~following table presents the~~ impact of the ~~Loss Portfolio Transfer~~LPT on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Operations.~~

Three months ended March 31
(In millions) 2019 2018
Additional amounts ceded under LPT:
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT $ —
$ 113
Provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance on A&EP —
(16 )
Total additional amounts ceded under LPT —
97
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized (22 ) (57 )
Pretax impact of deferred retroactive reinsurance $ (22 ) $ 40

~~The Company intends to complete its annual A&EP reserve review in~~Operations was the ~~fourth quarter~~recognition of ~~2019~~a retroactive reinsurance benefit of $14 million and maintain this timing for all future annual A&EP reserve reviews. The Company completed A&EP reserve reviews in both the first and fourth quarters of 2018. Based upon the Company's 2018 first quarter A&EP reserve review, net unfavorable prior year development of $113$22 million ~~was recognized before consideration of cessions to the LPT~~ for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018. The 2018 unfavorable development was driven by higher than anticipated defense costs on direct asbestos~~2020 and ~~environmental accounts and paid losses on assumed reinsurance exposures. Additionally, in 2018, the Company released a portion of its provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance.~~

2019. As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were ~~$3.1~~$3.2 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was ~~$352~~$378 million and ~~$374~~$392 million as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and is included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company. The fair value of the collateral trust account was ~~$3.0~~$2.7 billion and ~~$2.7~~$3.7 billion as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The decrease in the fair value of the trust was driven by overall declines in equity markets. As of March 31, 2020, the fair market value of the trust represented more than 150% of the gross LPT reserves. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to the majority of the Company’s A&EP claims.

Note F. Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees

The Company is a party to ~~routine~~various claims and litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, isare not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.

Guarantees

As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company had recorded liabilities of approximately $5 million related to guarantee and indemnification ~~agreements and management~~agreements. Management does not believe that any future indemnity claims will be significantly greater than the amounts recorded.

In the course of selling business entities and assets to third parties, the Company agreed to guarantee the performance of certain obligations of previously owned subsidiaries and to indemnify purchasers for losses arising out of breaches of representations and warranties with respect to the business entities or assets sold, including, in certain cases, losses arising from undisclosed liabilities or certain named litigation. Such guarantee and indemnification agreements in effect for sales of business entities, assets and third-party loans may include provisions that survive indefinitely. As of March 31, 2019, the aggregate amount related to quantifiable guarantees was $375 million and the aggregate amount related to quantifiable indemnification agreements was $252 million. In certain cases, should the Company be required to make payments under any such guarantee, it would have the right to seek reimbursement from an affiliate of a previously owned subsidiary.

In addition, the Company has agreed to provide indemnification to third-party purchasers for certain losses associated with sold business entities or assets that are not limited by a contractual monetary amount. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding unlimited indemnifications in connection with the sales of certain of its business entities or assets that included tax liabilities arising prior to a purchaser's ownership of an entity or asset, defects in title at the time of sale, employee claims arising prior to closing and in some cases losses arising from certain litigation and undisclosed liabilities. Certain provisions of the indemnification agreements survive indefinitely, while others survive until the applicable statutes of limitation expire, or until the agreed-upon contract terms expire.

The Company ~~also~~has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities ~~provided~~issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.7 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

Note G. Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are presented in the following table.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)
Service cost	$	—		$	—
Non-service cost (benefit):
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	25			23			$	20		$	25
Expected return on plan assets	(36		)	(40		)	(39		)	(36		)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	10			9			11			10
Settlement loss	—			4			1			—
Total non-service cost (benefit)	(1		)	(4		)
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(1	)	$	(4	)	$	(7	)	$	(1	)

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $2 million of non-service benefit in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits and $5 million of non-service benefit in Other operating expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized less than $1 million of non-service benefit in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits and $1 million of non-service benefit in Other operating expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized $1 million of non-service cost in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits and $3 million of non-service cost in Other operating expenses.

Note H. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

The tables below display the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019 $ 16
$ 61
$ (775 ) $ (180 ) $ (878 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 4
521
(1 ) 17
541
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $-, $1, $2, $- and $3 —
(5 ) (8 ) —
(13 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(141), $(2), $- and $(144) 4
526

7
17
554
Balance as of March 31, 2019 $ 20
$ 587
$ (768 ) $ (163 ) $ (324 )



(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses⁽¹⁾			Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments⁽¹⁾			Pension and postretirement benefits			Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	—		$	1,025		$	(833	)	$	(141	)	$	51
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(48		)	(1,066		)	1			(77		)	(1,190		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $10, $6, $3, $- and $19	(37		)	(22		)	(10		)	—			(69		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $3, $281, $(3), $- and $281	(11		)	(1,044		)	11			(77		)	(1,121		)
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	(11	)	$	(19	)	$	(822	)	$	(218	)	$	(1,070	)

(1)

As of January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses column that tracked the change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses has been replaced with the Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses column. The balance as of January 1, 2020 in the Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses column is now reported in the Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments column.

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018 $ 30
$ 859
$ (775 ) $ (98 ) $ 16
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (10 ) (414 ) —
12
(412 )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $-, $(4), $3, $- and $(1) (1 ) 15
(10 ) —
4
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $109, $(3), $- and $108 (9 ) (429 ) 10
12
(416 )
Balance as of March 31, 2018 $ 21
$ 430
$ (765 ) $ (86 ) $ (400 )



(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments			Pension and postretirement benefits			Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019	$	16	$	61		$	(775	)	$	(180	)	$	(878	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	4		521			(1		)	17			541
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $-, $1, $2, $- and $3	—		(5		)	(8		)	—			(13		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(141), $(2), $- and $(144)	4		526			7			17			554
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	20	$	587		$	(768	)	$	(163	)	$	(324	)

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:



Component of AOCI		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses, Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with OTTI losses		~~Net investment gains (losses)~~
and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments		Net investment gains (losses)
Pension and postretirement benefits		Other operating expenses and Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits

Note I. Business Segments

The Company's property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in ~~three~~3 business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. These ~~three~~3 segments are collectively referred to as Property & Casualty Operations. The Company's operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in ~~two~~2 segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs, Goodwill and Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense and revenue are readily identifiable for individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense have been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.

In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio.

The performance of the Company's insurance operations is monitored by management through core income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk.

Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of i) net investment gains ~~(losses), ii) income~~ or ~~loss from discontinued operations, iii)~~losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting ~~guidance and iv) deferred tax asset and liability remeasurement as a result of an enacted U.S. Federal tax rate change.~~guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily ~~consistent with key drivers~~reflective of ~~underwriting performance, and are therefore not considered an indication of trends in insurance~~our primary operations.

The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.


Three months ended March 31, 2019	Specialty			Commercial				International			Life & Group				Corporate & Other
Three months ended March 31, 2020														Specialty				Commercial				International				Life & Group				Corporate & Other
(In millions)	Specialty						Commercial										International								Life & Group							Corporate & Other			Eliminations			Total						Eliminations			Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	661		$	763				$	250		$	130			$		—			$	(1	)				$	1,803		$	685		$	818		$	239		$	127		$	—		$	—		$	1,869
Net investment income	155			190				15			204				7			—				571			56				47			15			208			3			—			329
Non-insurance warranty revenue	281			—				—			—				—			—				281			301				—			—			—			—			—			301
Other revenues	1			7				—			1				2			(2		)		9			1				7			—			—			2			(2		)	8
Total operating revenues	1,098			960				265			335				9			(3		)		2,664			1,043				872			254			335			5			(2		)	2,507
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	392			510				162			308				(21		)	—				1,351			405				558			154			316			(14		)	—			1,419
Policyholders’ dividends	1			5				—			—				—			—				6			1				5			—			—			—			—			6
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	147			127				68			—				—			—				342			151				144			49			—			—			—			344
Non-insurance warranty expense	260			—				—			—				—			—				260			281				—			—			—			—			—			281
Other insurance related expenses	70			130				25			28				(1		)	(1		)		251			69				127			36			26			—			—			258
Other expenses	12			11				4			2				39			(2		)		66			13				6			13			3			39			(2		)	72
Total claims, benefits and expenses	882			783				259			338				17			(3		)		2,276			920				840			252			345			25			(2		)	2,380
Core income (loss) before income tax	216			177				6			(3		)		(8		)	—				388			123				32			2			(10		)	(20		)	—			127
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(47		)	(38		)		—			13				2			—				(70		)	(27		)		(8		)	—			14			2			—			(19		)
Core income (loss)	$	169		$	139			$	6		$	10			$	(6	)	$	—			318			$	96			$	24		$	2		$	4		$	(18	)	$	—		108
Net investment gains (losses)																						31																						(216		)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)																						(7		)																				47
Net investment gains (losses), after tax																						24																						(169		)
Net income																						$	342
Net income (loss)																																												$	(61	)


March 31, 2019
March 31, 2020
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	674	$	761	$	237	$	408	$	2,226	$	—		$	4,306	$	793	$	883	$	233	$	370	$	2,072	$	—		$	4,351
Insurance receivables	933		1,234		302		7		—		—			2,476		953		1,267		302		8		2		—			2,532
Deferred acquisition costs	315		247		102		—		—		—			664		316		277		90		—		—		—			683
Goodwill	117		—		30		—		—		—			147		117		—		28		—		—		—			145
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	2,576		—		—		—		—		—			2,576		2,905		—		—		—		—		—			2,905
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	5,470		8,623		1,787		3,645		2,311		—			21,836		5,472		8,704		1,818		3,712		2,166		—			21,872
Unearned premiums	2,201		1,553		528		142		—		(2		)	4,422		2,363		1,751		495		137		—		(1		)	4,745
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		11,078		—		—			11,078		—		—		—		11,734		—		—			11,734
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	3,472		—		—		—		—		—			3,472		3,848		—		—		—		—		—			3,848


Three months ended March 31, 2018	Specialty			Commercial			International				Life & Group			Corporate & Other
Three months ended March 31, 2019													Specialty				Commercial			International				Life & Group			Corporate & Other
(In millions)	Specialty									Commercial						International										Life & Group				Corporate & Other			Eliminations				Total							Eliminations				Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	672		$	743		$	236			$	134		$	—		$	—		$	1,785		$	661			$	763			$	250			$	130			$	—			$	(1	)		$	1,803
Net investment income	122			149			14				200			5			—			490			155			190			15			204				7				—				571
Non-insurance warranty revenue	238			—			—				—			—			—			238			281			—			—			—				—				—				281
Other revenues	1			8			—				1			1			(1		)	10			1			7			—			1				2				(2		)		9
Total operating revenues	1,033			900			250				335			6			(1		)	2,523			1,098			960			265			335				9				(3		)		2,664
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	379			468			142				303			41			—			1,333			392			510			162			308				(21		)		—				1,351
Policyholders’ dividends	1			5			—				—			—			—			6			1			5			—			—				—				—				6
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	145			121			30				—			—			—			296			147			127			68			—				—				—				342
Non-insurance warranty expense	216			—			—				—			—			—			216			260			—			—			—				—				—				260
Other insurance related expenses	64			127			56				30			—			—			277			70			130			25			28				(1		)		(1		)		251
Other expenses	11			11			(4		)		2			42			(1		)	61			12			11			4			2				39				(2		)		66
Total claims, benefits and expenses	816			732			224				335			83			(1		)	2,189			882			783			259			338				17				(3		)		2,276
Core income (loss) before income tax	217			168			26				—			(77		)	—			334			216			177			6			(3		)		(8		)		—				388
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(46		)	(35		)	(3		)		14			17			—			(53		)	(47		)	(38		)	—			13				2				—				(70		)
Core income (loss)	$	171		$	133		$	23			$	14		$	(60	)	$	—		281			$	169		$	139		$	6		$	10			$	(6	)		$	—			318
Net investment gains (losses)																				12																								31
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)																				(2		)																						(7		)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax																				10																								24
Net income																				$	291
Net income (loss)																																												$	342


December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	649	$	795	$	250	$	414	$	2,347		$	—	$	4,455	$	575	$	855	$	247	$	385	$	2,142	$	—	$	4,204
Insurance receivables	947		1,277		284		9		(152		)	—		2,365		971		1,210		284		16		—		—		2,481
Deferred acquisition costs	308		230		95		—		—			—		633		311		257		94		—		—		—		662
Goodwill	117		—		29		—		—			—		146		117		—		30		—		—		—		147
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	2,513		—		—		—		—			—		2,513		2,840		—		—		—		—		—		2,840
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	5,465		8,743		1,750		3,601		2,425			—		21,984		5,238		8,656		1,876		3,716		2,234		—		21,720
Unearned premiums	2,132		1,454		475		122		—			—		4,183		2,337		1,626		495		125		—		—		4,583
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		10,597		—			—		10,597		—		—		—		12,311		—		—		12,311
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	3,402		—		—		—		—			—		3,402		3,779		—		—		—		—		—		3,779

The following table presents operating revenue by line of business for each reportable segment.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability	$	636		$	624		$	568		$	636
Surety	139			129			138			139
Warranty & Alternative Risks	323			280			337			323
Specialty revenues	1,098			1,033			1,043			1,098
Commercial
Middle Market	547			504			335			357
Construction ⁽¹⁾							250			248
Small Business	121			119			112			131
Other Commercial Insurance	292			277
Other Commercial							175			224
Commercial revenues	960			900			872			960
International
Canada	66			58			73			66
Europe	91			88			92			91
Hardy	108			104			89			108
International revenues	265			250			254			265
Life & Group revenues	335			335			335			335
Corporate & Other revenues	9			6			5			9
Eliminations	(3		)	(1		)	(2		)	(3		)
Total operating revenues	2,664			2,523			2,507			2,664
Net investment gains (losses)	31			12			(216		)	31
Total revenues	$	2,695		$	2,535		$	2,291		$	2,695


(1)	Effective January 1, 2020, the Construction line of business is presented separately in the Commercial segment to better align with our underwriting expertise and the manner in which the products are sold. Prior period information has been conformed to the new line of business presentation.

Note J. Non-Insurance Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company had ~~deferred non-insurance warranty revenue balances of $3.5 billion and $3.4~~$3.8 billion reported in Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $286 million of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $265 million of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, ~~2018, the Company recognized $222 million of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2018. For the three months ended March 31,~~2020 and 2019, ~~and 2018,~~ Non-insurance warranty revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods due to a change in estimate was not material. The Company expects to recognize approximately ~~$754~~$831 million of the deferred revenue in the remainder of ~~2019, $852 million in~~ 2020, ~~$673~~$951 million in 2021, $735 million in 2022 and ~~$1.2~~$1.3 billion thereafter.

Note K. ~~Leases~~Expected Credit Losses - Uncollectible Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables

A lease provides the lessee the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are included in Other assets and Other liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

~~ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.~~ The Company ~~determines if~~has established an ~~arrangement~~allowance for uncollectible reinsurance receivables which relates to both amounts already billed on ceded paid losses as well as ceded reserves that will be billed when losses are paid in the future. For assessing expected credit losses, the Company separates reinsurance receivables into two pools; voluntary reinsurance receivables and involuntary reinsurance exposures to mandatory pools. The Company has not recorded an allowance for involuntary pools as there is ~~a lease at inception. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at~~no perceived credit risk. The principal credit quality indicator used in the ~~lease commencement date~~valuation of the allowance on voluntary reinsurance receivables is the financial strength rating of the reinsurer sourced from major rating agencies. If the reinsurer is unrated, an internal financial strength rating is assigned based on the ~~present value~~Company’s historical loss experience and the Company’s assessment of lease payments over the lease term. Most operating leases contain renewal options that provide for rent increases based on prevailing market conditions. Certain leases contain options to terminate before maturity. The lease term used to calculate the ROU asset includes any renewal options or lease termination that the Company expects to exercise. The discount rate used to determine the commencement date present value of lease payments is the interest rate implicitreinsurance counterparty risk profile, which generally corresponds with a B rating. Changes in the ~~lease, or when that is not readily determinable,~~allowance are presented as a component of Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits on the Company utilizes its secured borrowing rate. ROU assets include any lease payments required to be made prior to commencement and exclude lease incentives. Both ROU assets and lease liabilities exclude variable payments not based on an index or rate, which are treated as period costs. The Company's lease agreements do not contain significant residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants.Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company occupies office facilities under lease agreements that expire at various dates. In addition, data processing, office and transportation equipment is leased under agreements that expire at various dates. The Company’s leases generally include lease and non-lease components, whichfollowing table summarizes the ~~Company has elected to account for as a single lease component. Variable lease costs not based on an index or rate consist~~outstanding amount of ~~non-lease components, which are being accounted for as lease components, and represent charges for services provided~~voluntary reinsurance receivables, gross of any collateral arrangements, by ~~the landlord and our reimbursement for the landlord’s costs, including real estate taxes and insurance. The Company does not have any significant finance leases.~~

Operating lease cost was $10 million and variable lease cost was $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities was $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

~~The table below presents operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities~~financial strength rating as of March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

(In millions) March 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets $ 233
Operating lease liabilities 308

~~The table below presents the maturities of operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019:~~



(In millions)	March 31, 2020
A- to A++	$	2,662
B- to B++	859
Insolvent	4
Total voluntary reinsurance outstanding balance⁽¹⁾	$	3,525

(In millions) Operating Leases
2019 (Excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019) $ 24
2020 40
2021 42
2022 39
2023 33
Thereafter 202
Total lease payments 380
Less: Discount (72 )
Total operating lease liabilities $ 308

~~The table below presents the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases and weighted average discount rate used in calculating operating lease right-of-use assets:~~



~~Three months ended March 31~~(1)	~~2019~~
~~Weighted average remaining lease term~~	~~11.0 years~~
~~Weighted average discount rate~~	~~3.4~~	%Expected credit losses for legacy A&EP receivables are ceded to NICO and the reinsurance limit on the LPT has not been exhausted, therefore no allowance is recorded for these receivables and they are excluded from the table above. Refer to Note E for information regarding the LPT. The Company has also excluded receivables from involuntary pools.

Voluntary reinsurance receivables within the B- to B++ rating distribution are primarily due from captive reinsurers and backed by collateral arrangements.

The ~~table below presents~~Company has established an allowance for uncollectible insurance receivables. A loss rate methodology is used to determine expected credit losses for premium receivables. This methodology uses the Company’s historical annual credit losses relative to gross premium written to develop a range of credit loss rates for each dollar of gross written premium underwritten. The expected ~~future minimum lease payments to be made under non-cancelable~~credit loss for loss sensitive business in good standing is calculated on a pool basis, using historical default rate data obtained from major rating agencies. Changes in the allowance are presented as a component of Other operating ~~leases as~~expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~December 31, 2018:~~

(In millions) Future Minimum Lease Payments
2019 $ 35
2020 39
2021 41
2022 38
2023 32
Thereafter 200
Total $ 385

Operations.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

The following discussion highlights significant factors affecting the Company. References to “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, ~~and~~as well as the supplemental risk factor regarding the COVID-19 pandemic disclosed under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with Item 1A Risk Factors and Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

We utilize the core income (loss) financial measure to monitor our operations. Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of i) net investment gains or losses ~~ii) income or loss from discontinued operations, iii)~~and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting ~~guidance and iv) deferred tax asset and liability remeasurement as a result of an enacted U.S. Federal tax rate change.~~guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily ~~consistent with key drivers~~reflective of ~~underwriting performance, and are therefore not considered an indication of trends in insurance~~our primary operations. Management monitors core income (loss) for each business segment to assess segment performance. Presentation of consolidated core income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial measure. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1. For reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and other information, please refer herein and/or to CNA's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In evaluating the results of our Specialty, Commercial and International segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio and the combined ratio. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders' dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. In addition we also utilize renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. For certain products within Small Business, where quantifiable, rate includes the influence of new business as well. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. Renewal premium change, rate and retention presented for the prior year are updated to reflect subsequent activity on policies written in the period. New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers. Gross written premiums, excluding third party captives, excludes business which is mostly ceded to third party captives, including business related to large warranty programs.

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year loss reserve development does not include the effect of any related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the amount of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.

The accounting estimates discussed below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment:

Insurance Reserves

Long Term Care Reserves

Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables

Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities

~~Long Term Care Policies~~

Income Taxes

Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, equity, business, and insurer financial strength and corporate debt ratings. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for further information.

CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

Results of Operations

The ~~following table includes~~COVID-19 pandemic and global, national, regional and local efforts to mitigate the ~~consolidated~~spread of the virus have rapidly evolved and led to severely depressed economic conditions and financial market disruption, primarily beginning in the month of March. These conditions have had an impact across our enterprise during the first quarter of 2020. While the impact to our underwriting results was limited, we experienced significant declines in the value of our investment portfolio during the first quarter. Currently, we believe the future impact across our operations is likely to be reflected in continued volatility in our investment portfolio, and adverse effects on our underwriting results including ~~our financial measure, core income (loss).~~decreased premiums, elevated expenses in the form of credit losses for uncollectible receivables, and increased claims reporting activity and related litigation, due to both the pandemic and depressed economic conditions. For more discussion of COVID-19 impacts on our underwriting results and detailed components of our business operations and a discussion of the core income (loss) financial measure, see the segment sections within this MD&A. For further discussion of Net investment income and Net investment ~~results,~~gains or losses, see the Investments section of this MD&A. For further discussion of the risks to our business associated with COVID-19, see the Risk Factor included under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.

The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations including our financial measure, core income (loss).


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums	$	1,803		$	1,785		$	1,869		$	1,803
Net investment income	571			490			329			571
Non-insurance warranty revenue	281			238			301			281
Other revenues	9			10			8			9
Total operating revenues	2,664			2,523			2,507			2,664
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,351			1,333			1,419			1,351
Policyholders' dividends	6			6			6			6
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	342			296			344			342
Non-insurance warranty expense							281			260
Other insurance related expenses	251			277			258			251
Non-insurance warranty expense	260			216
Other expenses	66			61			72			66
Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,276			2,189			2,380			2,276
Core income before income tax	388			334			127			388
Income tax expense on core income	(70		)	(53		)	(19		)	(70		)
Core income	318			281			108			318
Net investment gains	31			12
Income tax (expense) on net investment gains	(7		)	(2		)
Net investment gains, after tax	24			10
Net income	$	342		$	291
Net investment (losses) gains							(216		)	31
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains							47			(7		)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax							(169		)	24
Net (loss) income							$	(61	)	$	342

Core income ~~increased $37~~decreased $210 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations decreased ~~$13~~$192 million primarily due to lower ~~underwriting income partially offset by higher~~ net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock returns. Our underwriting results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included a $15 million pretax ($12 million after-tax) loss related to COVID-19 comprised of claims activity included in catastrophe losses and an increase in our allowance for uncollectible insurance receivables. Core income for our Life & Group segment decreased $4$6 million while the core loss for our Corporate & Other segment ~~improved $54~~increased $12 million.

Net catastrophe losses were ~~$58~~$75 million and ~~$34~~$58 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 include $13 million related to COVID-19, which is being tracked as a separate catastrophe event. Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$14~~$15 million and ~~$39~~$14 million was recorded in the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018~~2019 related to our Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

SEGMENT RESULTS

The impact COVID-19 had on our insurance underwriting results was more limited in the first quarter of 2020 than we anticipate occurring in the second and third quarters of 2020, and possibly thereafter, as the situation continues to evolve. Currently, we believe the future impact on our underwriting results is likely to include declines in premium volume, driven by slower growth, especially for lines of business that are sensitive to rates of economic growth, as well as policy cancellations, refunds or return of premiums, as a result of decreased insured exposures for our current policyholders. In addition, many of our customers, across a broad spectrum of industries, are likely to be impacted by lost business, which may affect our ability to collect amounts owed to us, increasing our expenses for credit losses for uncollectible premiums. Lower premiums and higher expenses will result in an increase to our expense ratio. Further, while loss frequency may decrease related to lower exposures in certain lines, we expect an overall increase in insurance claims reporting activity and related litigation due to both the pandemic and depressed economic conditions. This includes increased frequency in claim submissions in lines that are implicated by the virus and the mitigating activities taken by our customers and governmental authorities in response to its spread. These include workers’ compensation, healthcare, commercial property coverage, and directors’ and officers’ liability and employment practices liability lines. In addition, our surety lines may experience increased losses, particularly in construction surety, where there is risk that contractors will be adversely impacted by general economic conditions. The costs associated with claims handling and defense, as well as the payment of claims for covered exposures, will likely increase our loss ratio. For further discussion of the risks to our business associated with COVID-19, see the Risk Factor included under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.

The following discusses the results of operations for our business ~~segments.~~segments during the first quarter of 2020. Our property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International, which we refer to collectively as Property & Casualty Operations. Our operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

Specialty

The following table details the results of operations for Specialty.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Gross written premiums							$	1,714		$	1,701
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives							741			730
Net written premiums	$	698		$	686		694			698
Net earned premiums	661			672			685			661
Net investment income	155			122			56			155
Core income	169			171			96			169

Other performance metrics:
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	59.3		%	56.3		%	59.1		%	59.3		%
Expense ratio	32.8			31.0			32.0			32.8
Dividend ratio	0.2			0.2			0.2			0.2
Combined ratio	92.3		%	87.5		%	91.3		%	92.3		%

Rate	3		%	2		%	9		%	3		%
Renewal premium change	4			4			9			6
Retention	89			85			84			89
New business	$	86		$	80		$	74		$	86

~~Net~~Gross written premiums, excluding third party captives, for Specialty increased ~~$12~~$11 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018~~2019 driven by strong ~~retention,~~rate. Net written premiums for Specialty decreased $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019 driven by a higher ~~new business and positive renewal premium change.~~level of ceded reinsurance. The ~~decrease~~increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums in recent quarters.

Core income decreased $2$73 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018, driven by~~2019 primarily due to lower ~~underwriting income partially offset by higher~~ net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock ~~returns.~~returns partially offset by improved current accident year underwriting results.

The combined ratio of ~~92.3% increased 4.8 points~~91.3% improved 1.0 point for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The loss ratio ~~increased 3.0~~improved 0.2 points ~~primarily due to~~driven by improved current accident year underwriting results largely offset by lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development ~~and higher net catastrophe losses.~~in the current period. Net catastrophe losses were $8 million, or 1.1 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared with $12 million, or 1.8 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, as compared to $3 million, or 0.5 points of the loss ratio,~~2019. Net catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 included $6 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The expense ratio ~~increased 1.8~~improved 0.8 points for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018~~2019 driven by higher ~~acquisition expenses and lower~~ net earned premiums.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$20~~$11 million and ~~$30~~$20 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Specialty.

(In millions) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Gross case reserves $ 1,562
$ 1,623
Gross IBNR reserves 3,908
3,842
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 5,470
$ 5,465
Net case reserves $ 1,408
$ 1,483
Net IBNR reserves 3,403
3,348
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 4,811
$ 4,831



(In millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross case reserves	$	1,527	$	1,481
Gross IBNR reserves	3,945		3,757
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	5,472	$	5,238
Net case reserves	$	1,385	$	1,343
Net IBNR reserves	3,310		3,333
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	4,695	$	4,676

Commercial

The following table details the results of operations for Commercial.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Gross written premiums							$	1,062		$	941
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives							1,059			932
Net written premiums	$	849		$	832		950			849
Net earned premiums	763			743			818			763
Net investment income	190			149			47			190
Core income	139			133			24			139

Other performance metrics:
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	66.9		%	63.0		%	68.1		%	66.9		%
Expense ratio	33.8			33.5			33.2			33.8
Dividend ratio	0.6			0.6			0.6			0.6
Combined ratio	101.3		%	97.1		%	101.9		%	101.3		%

Rate	2		%	1		%	8		%	2		%
Renewal premium change	3			5			9			4
Retention	85			85			85			85
New business	$	164		$	182		$	198		$	163

~~Net~~Gross written premiums for Commercial increased ~~$17~~$121 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018~~2019 driven by ~~positive renewal premium change partially offset by a~~ higher ~~level of ceded reinsurance~~new business and ~~lower new business.~~rate. Net written premiums for Commercial increased $101 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019. The increase in net earned ~~premiums~~premium was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~increased $6~~decreased $115 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018,~~2019, primarily due to ~~higher~~lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock ~~returns partially offset by unfavorable underwriting results.~~returns.

The combined ratio of ~~101.3%~~101.9% increased ~~4.2~~0.6 points for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The loss ratio increased ~~3.9~~1.2 points driven by ~~the current accident year.~~higher net catastrophe losses partially offset by lower claim handling expenses. Net catastrophe losses were $57 million, or 7.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared with $40 million, or 5.2 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, as compared with $29 million, or 3.9 points of the loss ratio,~~2019. Net catastrophe losses for ~~the~~ three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 included $5 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The expense ratio for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 increased 0.3 points~~2020 improved 0.6 point as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019 driven by higher net earned premiums.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $8$4 million and $9$8 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018.~~2019. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Commercial.


(In millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross case reserves	$	4,087	$	4,181	$	3,914	$	3,937
Gross IBNR reserves	4,536		4,562		4,790		4,719
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	8,623	$	8,743	$	8,704	$	8,656
Net case reserves	$	3,757	$	3,831	$	3,477	$	3,543
Net IBNR reserves	4,156		4,167		4,414		4,306
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	7,913	$	7,998	$	7,891	$	7,849

International

The following table details the results of operations for International.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Gross written premiums							$	307		$	324
Net written premiums	$	259		$	295		219			259
Net earned premiums	250			236			239			250
Net investment income	15			14			15			15
Core income	6			23			2			6

Other performance metrics:
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	64.8		%	60.4		%	64.5		%	64.8		%
Expense ratio	37.1			36.2			35.4			37.1
Combined ratio	101.9		%	96.6		%	99.9		%	101.9		%

Rate	5		%	3		%	8		%	5		%
Renewal premium change	1			8			8			2
Retention	71			83			72			69
New business	$	80		$	93		$	68		$	80

~~Net~~Gross written premiums for International decreased $36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared with the same period in 2018. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums decreased $23 million or 8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared with the same period in 2018 driven by the strategic exit from certain Hardy business classes in the fourth quarter of 2018 and a higher level of ceded reinsurance. The increase in net earned premiums was~~consistent with the trend in net written premiums in recent quarters.~~

~~Core income~~ decreased $17 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018~~2019 driven by ~~unfavorable~~the continued impact of the strategic exit from certain Lloyd’s business classes, offset by growth in Canada. Net written premiums decreased $40 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019. The decrease in net ~~prior~~earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income decreased $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared with the same period in 2019 driven by current accident year ~~loss reserve development.~~underwriting results.

The combined ratio of ~~101.9% increased 5.3~~99.9% improved 2.0 points for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The loss ratio ~~increased 4.4~~improved 0.3 points ~~primarily due to~~driven by the absence of unfavorable net prior year loss reserve ~~development.~~development in the current period partially offset by lower current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophe losses were $10 million, or 4.3 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared with $6 million, or 2.3 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019, as compared with $2 million, or 0.7 points of the loss ratio,~~2019. Net catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, ~~2018.~~2020 included $2 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The expense ratio ~~increased 0.9~~improved 1.7 points for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018~~2019 driven by ~~higher~~lower acquisition expenses and employee costs.

~~Unfavorable net~~There was no prior year loss reserve development ~~was $14 million and nil~~recorded for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019 and 2018.~~2020 as compared with unfavorable development of $14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for International.

(In millions) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Gross case reserves $ 861
$ 867
Gross IBNR reserves 926
883
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 1,787
$ 1,750
Net case reserves $ 744
$ 749
Net IBNR reserves 813
775
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 1,557
$ 1,524



(In millions)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross case reserves	$	807	$	858
Gross IBNR reserves	1,011		1,018
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	1,818	$	1,876
Net case reserves	$	719	$	759
Net IBNR reserves	864		869
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	1,583	$	1,628

Life & Group

The following table ~~details~~summarizes the results of operations for Life & Group.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018		2020			2019
Net earned premiums	$	130		$	134	$	127		$	130
Net investment income	204			200		208			204
Core loss before income tax	(3		)	—		(10		)	(3		)
Income tax benefit on core loss	13			14		14			13
Core income	10			14		4			10

Due to the recognition of the active life reserve premium deficiency and resetting of actuarial assumptions in the third quarter of 2019, the operating results for our long term care business in 2020 now reflect the variance between actual experience and the expected results contemplated in our best estimate reserves. Core income ~~decreased~~of $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared with the same period in 2018. Persistency continues to benefit from a high proportion of policyholders choosing to lapse coverage or reduce benefits in lieu of premium rate increases. Morbidity continues to trend2020 is in line with expectations.

Corporate & Other

The following table ~~details~~summarizes the results of operations for the Corporate & Other segment, including intersegment eliminations.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Net investment income	$	7		$	5		$	3		$	7
Interest expense	34			34			31			34
Core loss	(6		)	(60		)	(18		)	(6		)

Core loss ~~improved $54~~increased $12 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018. The prior period included adverse net prior year reserve development for~~2019 driven by lower amortization of the deferred gain related to the A&EP ~~under the~~ Loss Portfolio ~~Transfer. This~~Transfer (LPT). The A&EP LPT is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Corporate & Other.


(In millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross case reserves	$	1,141	$	1,208	$	1,185	$	1,137
Gross IBNR reserves	1,170		1,217		981		1,097
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,311	$	2,425	$	2,166	$	2,234
Net case reserves	$	94	$	96	$	92	$	92
Net IBNR reserves	94		96		78		83
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	188	$	192	$	170	$	175

INVESTMENTS

The financial market disruption in the first quarter of 2020 significantly impacted our investment portfolio during the period. Losses from our limited partnership and common and preferred equity portfolios, as well as the recognition of impairment losses on certain fixed maturity holdings, have negatively impacted our net income. Additionally, the overall fair value of our available for sale fixed maturity portfolio has declined, primarily as a result of credit spread widening. We currently expect some level of continued volatility in our investment portfolio as the situation continues to evolve.

Net Investment Income

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table. Fixed income securities, as presented, include both fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Fixed income securities:
Taxable fixed income securities	$	383		$	350		$	371		$	383
Tax-exempt fixed income securities	82			105			78			82
Total fixed income securities	465			455			449			465
Limited partnership and common stock investments	96			31
Limited partnership investments							(70		)	76
Common stock							(55		)	20
Other, net of investment expense	10			4			5			10
Pretax net investment income	$	571		$	490		$	329		$	571
Fixed income securities, after tax	$	380		$	377		$	367		$	380
Net investment income, after tax	465			405			279			465

Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio, pretax	4.8		%	4.7		%	4.6		%	4.8		%
Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio, after tax	3.9		%	3.9		%	3.8		%	3.9		%
Limited partnership and common stock return	4.5		%	1.3		%	(7.0		)%	4.5		%

Net investment income, after tax, ~~increased $60~~decreased $186 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018. The increase was~~2019 driven by limited partnership and common stock returns.

The limited partnership returns for the three months ended March 31, 2020 include limited partnerships representing 51% reporting on a current basis with no reporting lag and 49% reporting on a lag, primarily three months or less. Limited partnerships reporting on a current basis include substantially all of the Company's hedge funds.

Net Investment Gains (Losses)

The components of Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.


Three months ended March 31
(In millions)	2019			2018			2020			2019
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	—		$	19		$	(79	)	$	—
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	8			20			—			8
Asset-backed	(14		)	(21		)	4			(14		)
Total fixed maturity securities	(6		)	18			(75		)	(6		)
Non-redeemable preferred stock	42			(15		)	(133		)	42
Short term and other	(5		)	9			5			(5		)
Net investment gains (losses)	31			12
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)	(7		)	(2		)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax	$	24		$	10
Mortgage loans							(13		)	—
Net investment (losses) gains							(216		)	31
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains							47			(7		)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax							$	(169	)	$	24

Net investment ~~gains,~~results, after tax, ~~increased $14~~decreased $193 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 as compared with the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~increase~~decrease was driven by the ~~favorable~~unfavorable change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock ~~partially offset by lower net investment gains on sales~~and higher impairment losses for the quarter. Pretax impairment losses of ~~securities.~~$92 million were recognized in the currentquarter, which includes $77 million related to the energy sector.

Further information on our investment gains and ~~losses, including our OTTI~~ losses is set forth in Note C to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I,1, Item 1.

Portfolio Quality

The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our fixed maturity securities by rating distribution.


	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018					March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)			Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)			Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	4,378	$	32	$	4,334	$	(24	)	$	4,073	$	198		$	4,136	$	95
AAA	2,973		295		3,027		245			3,529		381			3,254		349
AA	6,538		641		6,510		512			6,328		747			6,663		801
A	8,888		765		8,768		527			8,751		819			9,062		1,051
BBB	14,892		836		14,205		274			15,284		255			16,839		1,684
Non-investment grade	2,884		44		2,702		(73		)	2,133		(287		)	2,253		101
Total	$	40,553	$	2,613	$	39,546	$	1,461		$	40,098	$	2,113		$	42,207	$	4,081

As of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, 1% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally. AAA rated securities included ~~$1,218 million~~$1.9 billion and ~~$1,306 million~~$1.5 billion of ~~pre-refunded~~pre-funded municipal bonds as of March 31, ~~2019~~2020 and December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution.


	March 31, 2019				March 31, 2020
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	1,562	$	19	$	6	$	—
AAA	119		2		196		4
AA	192		3		481		25
A	910		17		1,762		117
BBB	2,204		54		6,102		652
Non-investment grade	1,103		45		1,606		319
Total	$	6,090	$	140	$	10,153	$	1,117

The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.



	March 31, 2020
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or less	$	321	$	26
Due after one year through five years	2,780		199
Due after five years through ten years	5,418		632
Due after ten years	1,634		260
Total	$	10,153	$	1,117

The following table summarizes the available-for-sale Corporate and other bonds at March 31, 2020 across industry sectors.

March 31, 2019
(In millions) Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or less $ 96
$ 1
Due after one year through five years 926
19
Due after five years through ten years 4,411
95
Due after ten years 657
25
Total $ 6,090
$ 140



March 31, 2020	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Corporate and other bonds:
Basic Materials	$	1,615	$	95	$	78	$	—	$	1,632
Communications	1,429		193		27		—		1,595
Consumer, cyclical - Other	605		16		56		—		565
Consumer, non-cyclical - Other	1,641		195		27		—		1,809
Energy - Oil & Gas	1,170		40		191		37		982
Energy - Other	23		7		—		—		30
Energy - Pipelines	1,056		43		112		11		976
Entertainment	177		—		23		—		154
Financial - Other	5,748		308		89		—		5,967
Financial - Real Estate/REITS	1,455		30		45		—		1,440
Industrial	1,481		135		55		—		1,561
Retail	527		67		18		—		576
Technology	853		38		30		1		860
Transportation	331		35		5		—		361
Travel & Related	490		26		37		—		479
Utilities	1,580		191		24		—		1,747
Total Corporate and other bonds	$	20,181	$	1,419	$	817	$	49	$	20,734

Duration

A primary objective in the management of the investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to the corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. Our views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions as well as domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. We also continually monitor exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on our views of a specific issuer or industry sector.

A further consideration in the management of the investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs, minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, we segregate investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in the Life & Group segment.

The effective durations of fixed income securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.


	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)
Investments supporting Life & Group	$	16,968	8.7	$	16,212	8.4	$	17,201	8.7	$	18,015	8.9
Other investments	25,726		4.2	25,428		4.4	24,237		4.1	26,813		4.1
Total	$	42,694	6.0	$	41,640	6.0	$	41,438	6.0	$	44,828	6.0

The investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Certain securities have duration characteristics that are variable based on market interest rates, credit spreads and other factors that may drive variability in the amount and timing of cash flows. Additionally, we periodically review the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Short Term Investments

The carrying value of the components of the Short term investments are presented in the following table.


(In millions)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Short term investments:
Commercial paper	$	1,069	$	705	$	326	$	1,181
U.S. Treasury securities	212		185		103		364
Other	193		396		167		316
Total short term investments	$	1,474	$	1,286	$	596	$	1,861

In addition to Short term investments, the Company held $857 million and $242 million of Cash as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

Our primary operating cash flow sources are premiums and investment income from our insurance subsidiaries. Our primary operating cash flow uses are payments for claims, policy benefits and operating expenses, including interest expense on corporate debt. Additionally, cash may be paid or received for income taxes.

Related to the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to mitigate the spread of the virus, cash flows may be adversely impacted by lower premium volumes, suspensions and cancellations of policies, return of premiums or premium refunds, and increased claim and defense cost payments in future quarters. At this time, we do not believe these impacts would give rise to a material liquidity concern given our overall liquid assets and anticipated future cash flows.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$287~~$212 million as compared with ~~$218~~$287 million for the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The ~~increase~~decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by higher net claim payments and a ~~higher~~lower level of distributions onfrom limited ~~partnerships.~~partnerships partially offset by an increase in premiums collected.

Cash flows from investing activities include the purchase and disposition of financial instruments, excluding those held as trading, and may include the purchase and sale of businesses, ~~land, buildings,~~ equipment and other assets not generally held for resale.

Net cash provided by investing activities was ~~$289~~$1,087 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, as compared with ~~$489~~$289 million for the same period in ~~2018.~~2019. The cash flow from investing activities is affected by various factors such as the anticipated payment of claims, financing activity, asset/liability management and individual security buy and sell decisions made in the normal course of portfolio management.

Cash flows from financing activities may include proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities, and outflows for stockholder dividends, or repayment of debt and ~~outlays to reacquire equity securities.~~purchases of treasury stock.

For the three months ended March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, net cash used by financing activities was ~~$665~~$675 million as compared with ~~$781~~$665 million for the same period ~~in 2018.~~2019. In the first quarter of 2020, we paid dividends of $649 million and repurchased 435,376 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $18 million. In the first quarter of 2019, we paid dividends of $643 million and repurchased 317,508 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $14 million. ~~In the first quarter of 2018, we paid dividends of $624 million and redeemed the $150 million outstanding aggregate principal balance of our 6.950% senior notes due January 15, 2018.~~

Common Stock Dividends

A quarterly dividend of ~~$0.35~~$0.37 per share and a special dividend of $2.00 per share of our common stock were declared and paid in the first quarter of ~~2019.~~2020. On ~~April 26, 2019,~~May 1, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of ~~$0.35~~$0.37 per share, payable ~~May 30, 2019~~June 4, 2020 to stockholders of record on May ~~13, 2019.~~18, 2020. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints.

Liquidity

We believe that our present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund our current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and we do not expect this to change in the near term. In addition, we held $5 billion of cash, short term investments and highly liquid securities issued by US government agencies as of March 31, 2020, of which $506 million was held at the CNAF holding company. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our $250 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and no borrowings outstanding through our membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC).

Dividends from CCC are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the Department), are determined based on the greater of the prior year's statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. The maximum allowable dividend CCC could pay during ~~2019~~2020 that would not be subject to the Department's prior approval is ~~$1,383~~$1,078 million, less dividends paid during the preceding twelve months measured at that point in time. CCC paid dividends of ~~$356~~$125 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended June 30, 2019, $135 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, $125 million during the three months ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~$680~~$670 million during the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, CCC is able to pay approximately ~~$347~~$23 million of dividends that would not be subject to prior approval of the Department. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.

We have an effective automatic shelf registration statement under which we may publicly issue debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

For a discussion of Accounting Standards Updates adopted in the current period and that will be adopted in the future, see Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains a number of forward-looking statements which relate to anticipated future events rather than actual present conditions or historical events. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and generally include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include any and all statements regarding expected developments in our insurance business, including losses and loss reserves for long term care, A&EP and other mass tort claims which are more uncertain, and therefore more difficult to estimate than loss reserves respecting traditional property and casualty exposures; the impact of routine ongoing insurance reserve reviews we are conducting; our expectations concerning our revenues, earnings, expenses and investment activities; volatility in investment returns; ~~expected cost savings and other results from our expense reduction activities;~~ and our proposed actions in response to trends in our business. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to a variety of inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statement. We cannot control many of these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

Company-Specific Factors

the risks and uncertainties associated with our insurance reserves, as outlined in the Critical Accounting Estimates and the Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties sections of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and this report, including the sufficiency of the reserves and the possibility for future increases, which would be reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustment is determined;

the risk that the other parties to the transaction in which, subject to certain limitations, we ceded our legacy A&EP liabilities will not fully perform their obligations to CNA, the uncertainty in estimating loss reserves for A&EP liabilities and the possible continued exposure of CNA to liabilities for A&EP claims that are not covered under the terms of the transaction;

the performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts with us; and

the risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including the consummation of such transactions, the successful integration of acquired operations and the potential for subsequent impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.

Industry and General Market Factors

the COVID-19 pandemic, and actions seeking to mitigate the spread of the virus, have resulted in significant risk across our enterprise, as economic uncertainty and depressed business conditions brought on by the crisis may materially and adversely impact our business, driving significant decreases in our premium volume and resulting in significant losses in our investment portfolio, increased claim and litigation activity, and unfavorable regulatory outcomes.

the impact of competitive products, policies and pricing and the competitive environment in which we operate, including changes in our book of business;

product and policy availability and demand and market responses, including the level of ability to obtain rate increases and decline or non-renew underpriced accounts, to achieve premium targets and profitability and to realize growth and retention estimates;

general economic and business conditions, including recessionary conditions that may decrease the size and number of our insurance customers and create additional losses to our lines of business, especially those that provide management and professional liability insurance, as well as surety bonds, to businesses engaged in real estate, financial services and professional services and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors that increase the severity of claims;

conditions in the capital and credit markets, including uncertainty and instability in these markets, as well as the overall economy, and their impact on the returns, types, liquidity and valuation of our investments;

conditions in the capital and credit markets that may limit our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms; and

the possibility of changes in our ratings by ratings agencies, including the inability to access certain markets or distribution channels and the required collateralization of future payment obligations as a result of such changes, and changes in rating agency policies and practices.

Regulatory Factors

regulatory and legal initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations and other legal requirements, including with respect to cyber security protocols, legal inquiries by state authorities, judicial interpretations within the regulatory framework, including interpretation of policy provisions, decisions regarding coverage and theories of liability, legislative actions that increase claimant activity, including those revising applicability of statutes of limitations, trends in litigation and the outcome of any litigation involving us and rulings and changes in tax laws and regulations;

regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions upon us, including with respect to our ability to increase premium rates, and the effects of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and second-injury funds, other mandatory pooling arrangements and future assessments levied on insurance companies; and

regulatory limitations and restrictions, including limitations upon our ability to receive dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, imposed by regulatory authorities, including regulatory capital adequacy standards.

Impact of ~~Catastrophic Events~~Natural and ~~Related Developments~~Man-Made Disasters and Mass Tort Claims

weather and other natural physical events, including the severity and frequency of storms, hail, snowfall and other winter conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, as well as climate change, including effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, rain, hail and snow;

regulatory requirements imposed by coastal state regulators in the wake of hurricanes or other natural disasters, including limitations on the ability to exit markets or to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies, as well as mandatory assessments to fund any shortfalls arising from the inability of quasi-governmental insurers to pay claims;

man-made disasters, including the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks, the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events, and the effect of the absence or insufficiency of applicable terrorism legislation on coverages; ~~and~~

the occurrence of ~~epidemics.~~epidemics and pandemics; and

mass tort claims, including those related to exposure to potentially harmful products or substances such as glyphosate, lead paint and opioids; and claims arising from changes that repeal or weaken tort reforms, such as those related to abuse reviver statutes.

Referendum on the United Kingdom's Membership in the European Union

in 2016, the U.K. approved an exit from the E.U., commonly referred to as "Brexit.” ~~Brexit~~While the withdrawal of the U.K. from the E.U. was official as of January 31, 2020, until the transition period ends, there remains ~~scheduled to~~a lack of specificity and detail regarding the long term relationship between the two sides and how businesses operating in both jurisdictions may be ~~completed in 2019, although the formal exit has been delayed twice. Effective~~affected. In any event, effective January 1, 2019, ~~we write~~our E.U. business ~~in the E.U.~~is no longer handled out of our U.K.-domiciled subsidiary, but through our ~~recently established~~ European subsidiary in Luxembourg, which was established specifically to address the departure of the U.K. from the E.U. and ~~not through our U.K.-domiciled subsidiary.~~to seek to ensure the Company’s ability to operate effectively throughout the E.U. As a result, the complexity and cost of regulatory compliance of our European business has increased and will likely continue to result in elevated expenses.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement, even if our expectations or any related events or circumstances change.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no material changes in our market risk components for the three months ended March 31, ~~2019.~~2020. See the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 for further information. Additional information related to portfolio duration is discussed in the Investments section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part I, Item 2.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2019~~2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes a detailed discussion of certain material risk factors facing us. The information presented below describes updates and additions to such risk factors and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in our Form 10-K.

The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating actions have resulted in significant risk across our enterprise, which may have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

The COVID-19 outbreak, and actions seeking to mitigate the spread of the virus, accelerated in both breadth and scope through the month of February, with the World Health Organization declaring it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The situation has continued to evolve exponentially with implicated exposures increasing given sustained uncertainties across the global marketplace. Because of the extensiveness of the pandemic, all of the direct and indirect consequences and implications of COVID-19 are not yet known and may not emerge for some time.

Risks presented by the ongoing effects of COVID-19 that are known at this time include the following:

Broad economic impact

The economic effect of the pandemic has been broad in nature and has significantly impacted business operations across all industries, including ours. Depressed economic conditions may lead to decreased insured exposures causing us to experience declines in premium volume, especially for lines of business that are sensitive to rates of economic growth. Significant decreases in premium volume would also directly and adversely impact our underwriting expense ratio. In addition, many of our customers, representing a broad spectrum of industries and markets, may potentially be impacted by lost business, which may affect our ability to collect amounts owed to us by policyholders.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also significantly impacted the financial markets. As investors embark on a flight to quality, risk free rates have decreased. In addition, extreme market volatility due to liquidity concerns and overall uncertainties have driven widening credit spreads and declining equity markets. These conditions have impacted our investment portfolio results and valuations and may continue to do so, resulting in additional losses in our investment portfolio. The value of our fixed maturity investments is subject to risk that certain investments may default or become impaired due to deterioration in the financial condition of issuers of the investments we hold or in the underlying collateral of the security or loan, particularly in industries heavily impacted by COVID-19 and mitigating actions, including energy, retail, travel, entertainment, and real estate. Our municipal bond portfolio is also subject to risks of default by state and local governments and agencies that are under increased strain related to the pandemic.

These significant economic and financial market disruptions may have a material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

Claims activity

Another aspect is claim activity and related litigation, which may increase significantly in certain of our lines of business as a result of the pandemic and mitigating actions. We may experience increased frequency in claim submissions in lines that are implicated by the virus and the mitigating activities taken by our customers and governmental authorities in response to its spread, as well as potential regulatory or legislative actions that are further described below under Regulatory impact. These include workers’ compensation, healthcare, commercial property coverage, and directors’ and officers’ liability and employment practices liability lines. In addition, our surety lines may experience increased losses, particularly in construction surety, where there is significant risk that contractors will be adversely and materially impacted by general economic conditions. Increased frequency or severity in any or all of the foregoing lines, or others where the exposure has yet to emerge, may have a material effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

Regulatory impact

The regulatory environment is rapidly evolving in direct response to the pandemic and the mitigating actions being taken. Numerous regulatory authorities to which our business is subject have implemented or are contemplating broad and significant regulations restricting and governing insurance company operations during the pandemic crisis. Such actions include, but are not limited to, premium moratoriums, premium refunds and reductions, restrictions on policy cancellations and potential legislation-driven expansion of policy terms. To date, certain state authorities have ordered premium refunds and certain regulatory and legislative bodies have proposed requiring insurers to cover business interruption under policies that were not written to provide for such coverage under the current circumstances. In addition, certain states have directed expansion of workers’ compensation coverage through presumption of compensability of claims for a broad category of workers. This highly fluid and challenging regulatory environment, and the new regulations we are now, and may be, subject to may have a material impact on our business, results of operation and financial condition, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

Business operational impact

Beginning on March 17, 2020, we instituted mandatory work from home for all of our employees, across the United States and globally, including Canada, the United Kingdom and Europe, and moved to teleconference meetings only across the enterprise. As of the date of this report, the work from home mandate remains in place across our global workforce. Mandatory work from home may impact the productivity of our workforce, and increases the risk of information security exposure. Disruptions to our employees’ productivity, as well as their health and welfare, especially in the context of accelerated contagion of the virus (which has not occurred across our employee population at this time), along with the heightened security risks presented by widespread remote access to our computer systems, may have a material impact on our business operations, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

In addition, in virtually all cases, our critical vendors have also had to impose workplace restrictions or work from home mandates on their employees, which may result in interruption in service delivery or failure by vendors to properly perform required services, including delivery in a manner more susceptible to significant information security risk. Such vendor issues may result in a material impact on our business operations, the extent of which cannot be determined with any certainty at this time.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Items 2 (a) and (b) are not applicable.

Period

(a) Total number of shares purchased

(b) Average price paid per share

(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)

(a) Total number of shares purchased

(b) Average price paid per share

(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)

February 1, 2019 - February 28, 2019

133,138

43.93

N/A

March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

184,370

43.02

N/A

February 1, 2020 - February 29, 2020

88,848

45.24

N/A

March 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020

346,528

40.74

N/A

Total

317,508

43.40

N/A

435,376

N/A

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		CNA Financial Corporation

Dated: ~~April 29, 2019~~May 4, 2020	By	/s/ ~~James M. Anderson~~Albert J. Miralles
		~~James M. Anderson~~Albert J. Miralles Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly authorized officer and principal financial and accounting officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX



Description of Exhibit	Exhibit Number
~~Award Letter~~Amended and ~~Award Terms~~Restated Incentive Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2020 (Incorporated herein by reference to ~~Dino E. Robusto for Restricted Stock Units~~Proxy Statement filed March 20, 2020)	10.1

General Release and Separation Agreement, dated March 6, 2020, between CNA Financial Corporation and James Anderson	10.2

Certification of Chief Executive Officer	31.1

Certification of Chief Financial Officer	31.2

Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)	32.1

Written Statement of the Chief Financial Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)	32.2

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document	101.INS

~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema~~	~~101.SCH~~

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase	101.DEF

~~XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase~~	~~101.LAB~~

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase	101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase	101.PRE

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	104.1

5664



(In millions)	Balance as of December 31, 2018		Adjustments Due to Adoption of Topic 842		Balance as of January 1, 2019
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation)	$	324	$	2	$	326
Other assets	1,208		237		1,445
Other liabilities	3,089		239		3,328



(In millions)	March 31, 2019
Operating lease ROU assets	$	233
Operating lease liabilities	308



(In millions)	Operating Leases
2019 (Excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019)	$	24
2020	40
2021	42
2022	39
2023	33
Thereafter	202
Total lease payments	380
Less: Discount	(72		)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	308



(In millions)	Future Minimum Lease Payments
2019	$	35
2020	39
2021	41
2022	38
2023	32
Thereafter	200
Total	$	385