UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number 1-5823
CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware36-6169860
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
151 N. Franklin 60606
Chicago,Illinois(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
(312) 822-5000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par value $2.50"CNA"New York Stock Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
As of July 29, 2021, 271,352,510April 28, 2022, 271,309,932 shares of common stock were outstanding.





Item NumberItem NumberPage
Number
Item NumberPage
Number
PART IPART I
1.1.1.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)
2.2.2.
3.3.3.
4.4.4.
PART IIPART II
1.1.1.
1A.
2.2.2.
6.6.6.
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PART I
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except per share data)(In millions, except per share data)2021202020212020(In millions, except per share data)20222021
RevenuesRevenuesRevenues
Net earned premiumsNet earned premiums$2,035 $1,850 $3,997 $3,719 Net earned premiums$2,059 $1,962 
Net investment incomeNet investment income591 534 1,095 863 Net investment income448 504 
Net investment gains (losses)38 69 95 (147)
Net investment (losses) gainsNet investment (losses) gains(11)57 
Non-insurance warranty revenueNon-insurance warranty revenue359 308 697 609 Non-insurance warranty revenue382 338 
Other revenuesOther revenues11 13 Other revenues
Total revenuesTotal revenues3,029 2,766 5,895 5,057 Total revenues2,885 2,866 
Claims, Benefits and ExpensesClaims, Benefits and ExpensesClaims, Benefits and Expenses
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefitsInsurance claims and policyholders’ benefits1,546 1,642 3,052 3,067 Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits1,455 1,506 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costsAmortization of deferred acquisition costs357 342 716 686 Amortization of deferred acquisition costs344 359 
Non-insurance warranty expenseNon-insurance warranty expense332 285 643 566 Non-insurance warranty expense354 311 
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses303 284 587 583 Other operating expenses326 284 
InterestInterest29 31 57 62 Interest28 28 
Total claims, benefits and expensesTotal claims, benefits and expenses2,567 2,584 5,055 4,964 Total claims, benefits and expenses2,507 2,488 
Income before income taxIncome before income tax462 182 840 93 Income before income tax378 378 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense(94)(31)(160)(3)Income tax expense(65)(66)
Net incomeNet income$368 $151 $680 $90 Net income$313 $312 
Basic earnings per shareBasic earnings per share$1.35 $0.56 $2.50 $0.33 Basic earnings per share$1.15 $1.15 
Diluted earnings per shareDiluted earnings per share$1.35 $0.55 $2.49 $0.33 Diluted earnings per share$1.15 $1.14 
Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock EquivalentsWeighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock EquivalentsWeighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
BasicBasic271.9271.5271.9271.5Basic271.8271.9
DilutedDiluted272.8272.0272.9272.3Diluted272.9272.9
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive IncomeLoss (Unaudited)
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive LossComprehensive Loss
Net incomeNet income$368 $151 $680 $90 Net income$313 $312 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax
Other Comprehensive Loss, net of taxOther Comprehensive Loss, net of tax
Changes in:Changes in:Changes in:
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses(9)Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses(4)— 
Net unrealized gains and losses on other investmentsNet unrealized gains and losses on other investments300 1,191 (327)147 Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments(1,611)(627)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investmentsNet unrealized gains and losses on investments300 1,193 (327)138 Net unrealized gains and losses on investments(1,615)(627)
Foreign currency translation adjustmentForeign currency translation adjustment12 24 14 (53)Foreign currency translation adjustment(14)
Pension and postretirement benefitsPension and postretirement benefits10 19 18 Pension and postretirement benefits
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax322 1,224 (294)103 
Total comprehensive income$690 $1,375 $386 $193 
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxOther comprehensive loss, net of tax(1,623)(616)
Total comprehensive lossTotal comprehensive loss$(1,310)$(304)
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share data)(In millions, except share data)June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)December 31, 2020(In millions, except share data)March 31, 2022 (Unaudited)December 31, 2021
AssetsAssets  Assets  
Investments:Investments:  Investments:  
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $39,826 and $38,953, less allowance for credit loss of $45 and $40)$44,910 $44,631 
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $955 and $941)1,033 992 
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $40,928 and $39,952, less allowance for credit loss of $17 and $18)Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $40,928 and $39,952, less allowance for credit loss of $17 and $18)$41,945 $44,380 
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $965 and $964)Equity securities at fair value (cost of $965 and $964)981 1,035 
Limited partnership investmentsLimited partnership investments1,781 1,619 Limited partnership investments1,840 1,859 
Other invested assetsOther invested assets70 76 Other invested assets97 91 
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $26 and $26)1,006 1,068 
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $16 and $16)Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $16 and $16)942 973 
Short term investmentsShort term investments1,465 1,907 Short term investments1,301 1,990 
Total investmentsTotal investments50,265 50,293 Total investments47,106 50,328 
CashCash462 419 Cash361 536 
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $22 and $21)Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $22 and $21)5,198 4,457 Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $22 and $21)5,505 5,463 
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $34 and $33)2,954 2,607 
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $28 and $29)Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $28 and $29)2,892 2,945 
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income383 380 Accrued investment income398 377 
Deferred acquisition costsDeferred acquisition costs721 708 Deferred acquisition costs766 737 
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes121 66 Deferred income taxes547 142 
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $252 and $231)234 252 
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $264 and $255)Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $264 and $255)225 226 
GoodwillGoodwill148 148 Goodwill147 148 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expenseDeferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,305 3,068 Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,504 3,476 
Other assetsOther assets2,416 1,628 Other assets2,341 2,261 
Total assetsTotal assets$66,207 $64,026 Total assets$63,792 $66,639 
LiabilitiesLiabilities  Liabilities  
Insurance reserves:Insurance reserves: Insurance reserves: 
Claim and claim adjustment expensesClaim and claim adjustment expenses$23,480 $22,706 Claim and claim adjustment expenses$24,348 $24,174 
Unearned premiumsUnearned premiums5,592 5,119 Unearned premiums5,942 5,761 
Future policy benefitsFuture policy benefits13,285 13,318 Future policy benefits11,938 13,236 
Long term debtLong term debt2,777 2,776 Long term debt2,779 2,779 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenueDeferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,309 4,023 Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,528 4,503 
Other liabilities (includes $74 and $89 due to Loews Corporation)4,096 3,377 
Other liabilities (includes $85 and $56 due to Loews Corporation)Other liabilities (includes $85 and $56 due to Loews Corporation)3,440 3,377 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities53,539 51,319 Total liabilities52,975 53,830 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)0Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)0
Stockholders' EquityStockholders' Equity  Stockholders' Equity  
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,349,927 and 271,391,603 shares outstanding)683 683 
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,293,966 and 271,363,999 shares outstanding)Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,293,966 and 271,363,999 shares outstanding)683 683 
Additional paid-in capitalAdditional paid-in capital2,201 2,211 Additional paid-in capital2,195 2,215 
Retained earningsRetained earnings9,348 9,081 Retained earnings9,319 9,663 
Accumulated other comprehensive income509 803 
Treasury stock (1,690,316 and 1,648,640 shares), at cost(73)(71)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) incomeAccumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(1,303)320 
Treasury stock (1,746,277 and 1,676,244 shares), at costTreasury stock (1,746,277 and 1,676,244 shares), at cost(77)(72)
Total stockholders’ equityTotal stockholders’ equity12,668 12,707 Total stockholders’ equity10,817 12,809 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equityTotal liabilities and stockholders' equity$66,207 $64,026 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$63,792 $66,639 
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Six months ended June 30
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)20212020(In millions)20222021
Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash Flows from Operating Activities  Cash Flows from Operating Activities  
Net incomeNet income$680 $90 Net income$313 $312 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)27 (33)
Deferred income tax expenseDeferred income tax expense17 30 
Trading portfolio activityTrading portfolio activity19 15 Trading portfolio activity— (8)
Net investment (gains) losses(95)147 
Net investment losses (gains)Net investment losses (gains)11 (57)
Equity method investeesEquity method investees(79)68 Equity method investees152 14 
Net amortization of investmentsNet amortization of investments(41)(32)Net amortization of investments(26)(24)
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization27 31 Depreciation and amortization13 14 
Changes in:Changes in:Changes in:
Receivables, netReceivables, net(1,087)(586)Receivables, net(5)(700)
Accrued investment incomeAccrued investment income(3)11 Accrued investment income(22)(19)
Deferred acquisition costsDeferred acquisition costs(12)(41)Deferred acquisition costs(31)(32)
Insurance reservesInsurance reserves1,373 1,181 Insurance reserves489 605 
Other, netOther, net(124)(201)Other, net(266)(53)
Net cash flows provided by operating activitiesNet cash flows provided by operating activities685 650 Net cash flows provided by operating activities645 82 
Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash Flows from Investing Activities  Cash Flows from Investing Activities  
Dispositions:Dispositions:Dispositions:
Fixed maturity securities - salesFixed maturity securities - sales1,846 3,773 Fixed maturity securities - sales803 907 
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptionsFixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions2,104 1,622 Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions916 1,084 
Equity securitiesEquity securities193 230 Equity securities77 119 
Limited partnershipsLimited partnerships124 257 Limited partnerships80 49 
Mortgage loansMortgage loans69 25 Mortgage loans55 42 
Purchases:Purchases:Purchases:
Fixed maturity securitiesFixed maturity securities(4,615)(5,356)Fixed maturity securities(2,547)(2,203)
Equity securitiesEquity securities(181)(312)Equity securities(75)(81)
Limited partnershipsLimited partnerships(169)(90)Limited partnerships(85)(61)
Mortgage loansMortgage loans(16)(91)Mortgage loans(25)(16)
Change in other investmentsChange in other investments(2)Change in other investments(3)(2)
Change in short term investmentsChange in short term investments442 409 Change in short term investments687 573 
Purchases of property and equipmentPurchases of property and equipment(5)(10)Purchases of property and equipment(12)(3)
Other, net20 
Net cash flows (used) provided by investing activitiesNet cash flows (used) provided by investing activities(202)475 Net cash flows (used) provided by investing activities(129)408 
Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash Flows from Financing Activities
Dividends paid to common stockholdersDividends paid to common stockholders(414)(750)Dividends paid to common stockholders(657)(310)
Purchase of treasury stockPurchase of treasury stock(18)(18)Purchase of treasury stock(21)(3)
Other, netOther, net(9)(8)Other, net(10)(8)
Net cash flows used by financing activitiesNet cash flows used by financing activities(441)(776)Net cash flows used by financing activities(688)(321)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cashEffect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash(5)Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash(3)— 
Net change in cashNet change in cash43 344 Net change in cash(175)169 
Cash, beginning of yearCash, beginning of year419 242 Cash, beginning of year536 419 
Cash, end of periodCash, end of period$462 $586 Cash, end of period$361 $588 
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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CNA Financial Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period$683 $683 $683 $683 
Balance, end of period683 683 683 683 
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of period2,194 2,187 2,211 2,203 
Stock-based compensation(10)(7)
Balance, end of period2,201 2,196 2,201 2,196 
Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported9,084 8,634 9,081 9,348 
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax— — — (5)
Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted9,084 8,634 9,081 9,343 
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.38, $0.37, $1.51 and $2.74 per share)(104)(102)(413)(750)
Net income368 151 680 90 
Balance, end of period9,348 8,683 9,348 8,683 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance, beginning of period187 (1,070)803 51 
Other comprehensive income (loss)322 1,224 (294)103 
Balance, end of period509 154 509 154 
Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period(59)(72)(71)(70)
Stock-based compensation16 17 
Purchase of treasury stock(15)— (18)(18)
Balance, end of period(73)(71)(73)(71)
Total stockholders' equity$12,668 $11,645 $12,668 $11,645 
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Common Stock
Balance, beginning of year$683 $683 
Balance, end of year683 683 
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of year2,215 2,211 
Stock-based compensation(20)(17)
Balance, end of year2,195 2,194 
Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of year9,663 9,081 
Dividends to common stockholders ($2.40 and $1.13 per share)(657)(309)
Net income313 312 
Balance, end of year9,319 9,084 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance, beginning of year320 803 
Other comprehensive loss(1,623)(616)
Balance, end of year(1,303)187 
Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of year(72)(71)
Stock-based compensation16 15 
Purchase of treasury stock(21)(3)
Balance, end of year(77)(59)
Total stockholders' equity$10,817 $12,089 
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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CNA Financial Corporation
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note A. General
Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) and its subsidiaries. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately 89.6% of the outstanding common stock of CNAF as of June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, including certain financial statement notes, is not required for interim reporting purposes and has been condensed or omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, including the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
The interim financial data as of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and for the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. The guidance requires entitiesFor the Company, this includes the Long term care and fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity business. Entities will be required to annuallyreview, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions including(including morbidity and persistency,persistency) at least annually, and to update discount rate assumptions quarterly using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions will be recorded in the Company's results of operations and the effect of changes in discount rate assumptions will be recorded in Other comprehensive income. ThisThe guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The guidancepermitted, and may be applied using either a modified retrospective transition method or a full retrospective transition method. The guidance requires restatement ofFinancial statements for prior periods presented. presented shall be adjusted to reflect the effects of applying the new accounting guidance.
The Company plans towill adopt on the new guidance effective date,January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition methoddate of January 1, 2021. The Company will use a published spot rate curve constructed from A+, A and is currently evaluatingA- rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds matched to the duration of the corresponding insurance liabilities, to calculate discount rates. The Company will group its long-duration contracts into calendar year cohorts based on the contract issue date and product line. Long term care contracts will be grouped separately from the Company’s fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity contracts.
The most significant impact at the transition date will be the effect of updating the updated guidancediscount rate assumption to reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, which will have on its financial statements, includingbe partially offset by the increased disclosure requirements.de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The annual updatingCompany expects the net impact of these changes will be a $2.2 billion - $2.5 billion decrease in Accumulated other comprehensive income as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. There is a minimal transition impact expected to retained earnings.
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The requirement to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions at least annually is expected to increase income statement volatility.change the pattern of earnings being recognized. Adoption will also significantly expand the Company’s disclosures, and will impact systems, processes, and controls. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from existing GAAP, the new guidance will not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows, or the underlying economics of the businessbusiness.
The Company continues to make progress in connection with these matters and related cash flows will be unchanged.





is in process of refining key accounting policy decisions, technology solutions and updates to internal controls associated with adoption of the new guidance. These in-progress activities include modifications of actuarial valuation systems, data sourcing, analytical procedures and reporting processes.
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Note B. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Earnings (loss) per share is based on weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes the impact of dilutive securities and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.
For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 952 thousand1.1 million and 967 thousand1.0 million potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, approximatelyless than 1 thousand and 3 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately 445 thousand and 778 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, approximately 915 thousand and 13120 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, because the effect would have been antidilutive.
The Company repurchased 377,615445,000 and 435,37666,000 shares of CNAF common stock at an aggregate cost of $18$21 million and $3 million during each of the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021.


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Note C. Investments
The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Fixed maturity securitiesFixed maturity securities$425 $430 $853 $868 Fixed maturity securities$429 $428 
Equity securitiesEquity securities20 50 49 Equity securities29 
Limited partnership investmentsLimited partnership investments146 44 189 (26)Limited partnership investments18 43 
Mortgage loansMortgage loans15 14 29 28 Mortgage loans15 14 
Short term investments
Trading portfolioTrading portfolioTrading portfolio
OtherOther(1)Other— 
Gross investment incomeGross investment income607 549 1,128 895 Gross investment income465 521 
Investment expenseInvestment expense(16)(15)(33)(32)Investment expense(17)(17)
Net investment incomeNet investment income$591 $534 $1,095 $863 Net investment income$448 $504 
During the three and six months ended June 30, March 31, 2022 and 2021 $9, $(5) million and $21$13 million of Net investment (loss) income was recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock still held as of June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, $23 million and $10 million of Net investment income was recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock still held as of June 30, 2020.
Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Net investment gains (losses):Net investment gains (losses):Net investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:Fixed maturity securities:Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gainsGross gains$51 $102 $109 $131 Gross gains$26 $58 
Gross lossesGross losses(20)(85)(40)(189)Gross losses(28)(20)
Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securitiesNet investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities31 17 69 (58)Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities(2)38 
Equity securitiesEquity securities17 63 19 (70)Equity securities(38)
DerivativesDerivatives(12)(10)(5)Derivatives29 17 
Mortgage loans(13)
Short term investments and other(1)(1)
Net investment gains (losses)Net investment gains (losses)$38 $69 $95 $(147)Net investment gains (losses)$(11)$57 
During the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021, $15$38 million of losses and $2 million of gains were recognized in Net investment gains (losses) due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of June 30, 2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, $63 million of gains and $(70) million of losses were recognized in Net investment gains (losses) due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of June 30, 2020.









March 31, 2022 and 2021.
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The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (PCD) assets. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $374$389 million, $371$369 million, and $373$389 million as of June 30, 2021, March 31, 2022, December 31, 20202021 and June 30, 2020March 31, 2021 and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables included within this Note.
(In millions)(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal
Allowance for credit losses:Allowance for credit losses:Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of April 1, 2021$27 $16 $43 
Balance as of January 1, 2022Balance as of January 1, 2022$11 $$18 
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:Additions to the allowance for credit losses:Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recordedSecurities for which credit losses were not previously recordedSecurities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— — — 
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assetsAvailable-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assetsAvailable-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets— — — 
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)Securities sold during the period (realized)Securities sold during the period (realized)— — — 
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basisIntent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basisIntent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis— — — 
Write-offs charged against the allowanceWrite-offs charged against the allowanceWrite-offs charged against the allowance— — — 
Recoveries of amounts previously written offRecoveries of amounts previously written offRecoveries of amounts previously written off— — — 
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous periodAdditional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(3)(2)Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(2)(1)
Balance as of June 30, 2021
$24 $21 $45 
Balance as of March 31, 2022Balance as of March 31, 2022$12 $$17 
(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of April 1, 2020$49 $$49 
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
For securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded10 12 22 
For available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis
Write-offs charged against the allowance
Recoveries of amounts previously written off
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(20)(20)
Balance as of June 30, 2020$39 $12 $51 

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(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021$23 $17 $40 
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded14 14 
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis
Write-offs charged against the allowance
Recoveries of amounts previously written off
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(9)(9)
Balance as of June 30, 2021$24 $21 $45 
(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2020$$$
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Impact of adopting ASC 326
For securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded58 12 70 
For available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis
Write-offs charged against the allowance
Recoveries of amounts previously written off
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(20)(20)
Balance as of June 30, 2020$39 $12 $51 









(In millions)Corporate and other bondsAsset-backedTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021$23 $17 $40 
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded14 — 14 
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets— 
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)— 
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis— — — 
Write-offs charged against the allowance— — — 
Recoveries of amounts previously written off— — — 
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period(6)(1)(7)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$27 $16 $43 
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The components of available-for-sale impairment losses recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$(2)$(1)$$90 Corporate and other bonds$$
Asset-backedAsset-backed12 13 Asset-backed(1)
Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings$(1)$11 $$103 
Impairment (gains) losses recognized in earningsImpairment (gains) losses recognized in earnings$10 $
The Company alsoThere were no losses recognized $13 million of losses on mortgage loans during the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to changes in expected credit losses. There were 0 losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 or during the three months ended June 30, 2020.March 31, 2022 or 2021.
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The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities.
June 30, 2021Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance
for Credit
 Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesEstimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)(In millions)Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance
for Credit
 Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$21,291 $3,153 $35 $24 $24,385 Corporate and other bonds$22,001 $1,277 $486 $12 $22,780 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions10,125 1,743 11,866 States, municipalities and political subdivisions10,516 862 319 — 11,059 
Asset-backed:Asset-backed:Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backedResidential mortgage-backed3,337 99 10 3,426 Residential mortgage-backed2,983 25 160 — 2,848 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed2,068 98 14 17 2,135 Commercial mortgage-backed2,008 13 81 — 1,940 
Other asset-backedOther asset-backed2,338 84 2,415 Other asset-backed2,710 11 93 2,623 
Total asset-backedTotal asset-backed7,743 281 27 21 7,976 Total asset-backed7,701 49 334 7,411 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises142 137 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises125 — — 120 
Foreign governmentForeign government515 22 536 Foreign government559 13 — 549 
Redeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock20 — — — 20 
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-saleTotal fixed maturity securities available-for-sale39,816 5,199 70 45 44,900 Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale40,922 2,191 1,157 17 41,939 
Total fixed maturity securities tradingTotal fixed maturity securities trading10 — — — 10 Total fixed maturity securities trading— — — 
Total fixed maturity securitiesTotal fixed maturity securities$39,826 $5,199 $70 $45 $44,910 Total fixed maturity securities$40,928 $2,191 $1,157 $17 $41,945 
December 31, 2020Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance
for Credit
 Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
December 31, 2021December 31, 2021Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance for Credit LossesEstimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)(In millions)Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Allowance
for Credit
 Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$20,792 $3,578 $22 $23 $24,325 Corporate and other bonds$21,444 $2,755 $56 $11 $24,132 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions9,729 1,863 11,592 States, municipalities and political subdivisions10,358 1,599 14 — 11,943 
Asset-backed:Asset-backed:Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backedResidential mortgage-backed3,442 146 3,587 Residential mortgage-backed2,893 71 — 2,956 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed1,933 93 42 17 1,967 Commercial mortgage-backed1,987 63 19 — 2,031 
Other asset-backedOther asset-backed2,179 81 2,251 Other asset-backed2,561 54 10 2,598 
Total asset-backedTotal asset-backed7,554 320 52 17 7,805 Total asset-backed7,441 188 37 7,585 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises339 338 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises132 — 130 
Foreign governmentForeign government512 32 544 Foreign government570 15 — 583 
Redeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock— — — — — 
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-saleTotal fixed maturity securities available-for-sale38,926 5,795 77 40 44,604 Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale39,945 4,558 112 18 44,373 
Total fixed maturity securities tradingTotal fixed maturity securities trading27 — — — 27 Total fixed maturity securities trading— — — 
Total fixed maturity securitiesTotal fixed maturity securities$38,953 $5,795 $77 $40 $44,631 Total fixed maturity securities$39,952 $4,558 $112 $18 $44,380 
The net unrealized gains on investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting certain products within the Life & Group segment would result in a premium deficiency, or would impact the reserve balance if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments). As of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the net unrealized gains on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of $2,635$1,394 million and $2,773$2,477 million.
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The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by the length of time in which the securities have continuously been in that position.
Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotalLess than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
June 30, 2021Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)(In millions)Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$1,190 $33 $61 $$1,251 $35 Corporate and other bonds$7,390 $441 $327 $45 $7,717 $486 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions128 128 States, municipalities and political subdivisions2,796 314 35 2,831 319 
Asset-backed:Asset-backed:Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backedResidential mortgage-backed932 10 10 942 10 Residential mortgage-backed2,315 160 — — 2,315 160 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed153 206 12 359 14 Commercial mortgage-backed1,274 65 151 16 1,425 81 
Other asset-backedOther asset-backed255 74 329 Other asset-backed1,717 90 67 1,784 93 
Total asset-backedTotal asset-backed1,340 14 290 13 1,630 27 Total asset-backed5,306 315 218 19 5,524 334 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises80 80 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises94 — 99 
Foreign governmentForeign government48 48 Foreign government327 11 26 353 13 
TotalTotal$2,786 $55 $351 $15 $3,137 $70 Total$15,913 $1,086 $611 $71 $16,524 $1,157 
Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotalLess than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
December 31, 2020Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
December 31, 2021December 31, 2021Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)(In millions)Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$609 $21 $12 $$621 $22 Corporate and other bonds$2,389 $48 $136 $$2,525 $56 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions33 33 — States, municipalities and political subdivisions730 14 — — 730 14 
Asset-backed:Asset-backed:Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backedResidential mortgage-backed71 11 82 Residential mortgage-backed1,043 — — 1,043 
Commercial mortgage-backedCommercial mortgage-backed533 40 28 561 42 Commercial mortgage-backed527 167 12 694 19 
Other asset-backedOther asset-backed344 13 357 Other asset-backed840 10 62 — 902 10 
Total asset-backedTotal asset-backed948 50 52 1,000 52 Total asset-backed2,410 25 229 12 2,639 37 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises63 63 U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises69 — 74 
Foreign government Foreign government13 13  Foreign government97 — — 97 
TotalTotal$1,666 $74 $64 $$1,730 $77 Total$5,695 $92 $370 $20 $6,065 $112 
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The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021

(In millions)
Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$2,095 $116 $898 $
AAA993 105 368 
AA2,809 269 875 17 
A3,300 205 1,516 23 
BBB6,073 392 1,812 42 
Non-investment grade1,254 70 596 16 
Total$16,524 $1,157 $6,065 $112 
Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 securities in a gross unrealized loss position tabletables above are not indicative of the ultimate collectibility of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates, and to a lesser extent credit spreads. In reaching this determination, the Company considered the recent volatility in risk-free rates and spreads and other factors. Theas well as the fact that its unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers. Additionally, the Company has no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, the Company has determined that there are no additional impairment losses to be recorded as of June 30, 2021.

March 31, 2022.
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Contractual Maturity
The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)(In millions)Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair
Value
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair
Value
(In millions)Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair
Value
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair
Value
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$1,685 $1,702 $1,456 $1,458 Due in one year or less$1,533 $1,546 $1,603 $1,624 
Due after one year through five yearsDue after one year through five years10,723 11,479 12,304 13,098 Due after one year through five years10,206 10,337 10,637 11,229 
Due after five years through ten yearsDue after five years through ten years13,775 15,012 12,319 13,878 Due after five years through ten years14,040 14,032 13,294 14,338 
Due after ten yearsDue after ten years13,633 16,707 12,847 16,170 Due after ten years15,143 16,024 14,411 17,182 
TotalTotal$39,816 $44,900 $38,926 $44,604 Total$40,922 $41,939 $39,945 $44,373 
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company holds an embedded derivative on a funds withheld liability with a notional value of $274 $268 million and $190$270 million and a fair value of $(13)$16 million and $(19) and $(12) million as of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021. The embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability is accounted for separately and reported with the funds withheld liability in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Investment Commitments
As part of its overall investment strategy, the Company invests in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications, and obligations related to private placement securities. As of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the Company had commitments to purchase or fund approximately $1,330$1,280 million and sell approximately $95$65 million under the terms of these investments.


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Mortgage Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (DSCR) and loan-to-value ratios (LTV).
June 30, 2021
Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022
Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
(In millions)(In millions)20212020201920182017PriorTotal(In millions)20222021202020192018PriorTotal
DSCR ≥1.6xDSCR ≥1.6xDSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%LTV less than 55%$$89 $33 $50 $113 $183 $468 LTV less than 55%$— $$94 $21 $54 $247 $425 
LTV 55% to 65%LTV 55% to 65%19932LTV 55% to 65%— 5198— 24 56
LTV greater than 65%LTV greater than 65%24 35LTV greater than 65%18 11 — — — — 29
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6xDSCR 1.2x - 1.6xDSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%LTV less than 55%16 71 92LTV less than 55%— 13 14 95 10 56 188
LTV 55% to 65%LTV 55% to 65%10 38 39 42 27 156LTV 55% to 65%21 36 24 — — 89
LTV greater than 65%LTV greater than 65%34 44 12 98LTV greater than 65%— — — — — — 0
DSCR ≤1.2DSCR ≤1.2DSCR ≤1.2
LTV less than 55%LTV less than 55%50 10 68LTV less than 55%— — — 52 — 30 82
LTV 55% to 65%LTV 55% to 65%47 47LTV 55% to 65%— — — 55 — — 55
LTV greater than 65%LTV greater than 65%29 36LTV greater than 65%— 21 — — 34
TotalTotal$15 $161 $283 $92 $170 $311 $1,032 Total$39 $95 $151 $237 $64 $372 $958 
(1) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

As of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable on mortgage loans totaled $4$3 million and is excluded from the amortized cost basis disclosed in the table above and the estimate of expected credit losses.
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Note D. Fair Value
Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1, as these are the most transparent or reliable.
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.
Prices may fall within Level 1, 2 or 3 depending upon the methodology and inputs used to estimate fair value for each specific security. In general, the Company seeks to price securities using third-party pricing services. Securities not priced by pricing services are submitted to independent brokers for valuation and, if those are not available, internally developed pricing models are used to value assets using a methodology and inputs the Company believes market participants would use to value the assets. Prices obtained from third-party pricing services or brokers are not adjusted by the Company.
The Company performs control procedures over information obtained from pricing services and brokers to ensure prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value and to confirm representations regarding whether inputs are observable or unobservable. Procedures may include i) the review of pricing service methodologies or broker pricing qualifications, ii) back-testing, where past fair value estimates are compared to actual transactions executed in the market on similar dates, iii) exception reporting, where period-over-period changes in price are reviewed and challenged with the pricing service or broker based on exception criteria, and iv) deep dives, where the Company performs an independent analysis of the inputs and assumptions used to price individual securities.
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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the U.S. Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.
June 30, 2021   Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022   Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
AssetsAssets   Assets    
Fixed maturity securities:Fixed maturity securities:    Fixed maturity securities:    
Corporate bonds and otherCorporate bonds and other$158 $24,027 $883 $25,068 Corporate bonds and other$129 $22,431 $915 $23,475 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions11,809 57 11,866 States, municipalities and political subdivisions— 11,008 51 11,059 
Asset-backedAsset-backed7,566 410 7,976 Asset-backed— 6,807 604 7,411 
Total fixed maturity securitiesTotal fixed maturity securities158 43,402 1,350 44,910 Total fixed maturity securities129 40,246 1,570 41,945 
Equity securities:Equity securities:Equity securities:
Common stockCommon stock198 16 214 Common stock191 — 29 220 
Non-redeemable preferred stockNon-redeemable preferred stock67 743 819 Non-redeemable preferred stock63 683 15 761 
Total equity securitiesTotal equity securities265 743 25 1,033 Total equity securities254 683 44 981 
Short term and otherShort term and other1,310 26 1,336 Short term and other1,146 27 — 1,173 
Total assetsTotal assets$1,733 $44,171 $1,375 $47,279 Total assets$1,529 $40,956 $1,614 $44,099 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities$$14 $$14 Other liabilities$— $(16)$— $(16)
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$$14 $$14 Total liabilities$— $(16)$— $(16)
December 31, 2020   Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets    
Fixed maturity securities:    
Corporate bonds and other$355 $24,109 $770 $25,234 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions11,546 46 11,592 
Asset-backed7,497 308 7,805 
Total fixed maturity securities355 43,152 1,124 44,631 
Equity securities:
Common stock175 20 195 
Non-redeemable preferred stock68 722 797 
Total equity securities243 722 27 992 
Short term and other1,761 28 1,789 
Total assets$2,359 $43,902 $1,151 $47,412 
Liabilities  
Other liabilities$$19 $$19 
Total liabilities$$19 $$19 

December 31, 2021   Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets    
Fixed maturity securities:    
Corporate bonds and other$140 $23,775 $937 $24,852 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions— 11,887 56 11,943 
Asset-backed— 7,029 556 7,585 
Total fixed maturity securities140 42,691 1,549 44,380 
Equity securities:
Common stock220 — 13 233 
Non-redeemable preferred stock65 721 16 802 
Total equity securities285 721 29 1,035 
Short term and other1,798 74 — 1,872 
Total assets$2,223 $43,486 $1,578 $47,287 
Liabilities  
Other liabilities$— $12 $— $12 
Total liabilities$— $12 $— $12 
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The tables below present a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Balance as of April 1, 2021$767 $44 $315 $29 $1,155 
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)
Reported in Net investment income
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)16 22 
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)19 26 
Purchases122 12 84 218 
Sales(3)(4)(7)
Settlements(22)(1)(10)(33)
Transfers into Level 321 21 
Transfers out of Level 3(5)(5)
Balance as of June 30, 2021$883 $57 $410 $25 $1,375 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$$$$$
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period16 22 
Level 3
(In millions)
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Balance as of April 1, 2020$496 $$197 $15 $708 
Balance as of January 1, 2022Balance as of January 1, 2022$937 $56 $556 $29 $1,578 
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)Reported in Net investment gains (losses)(4)(4)Reported in Net investment gains (losses)(1)— (1)— 
Reported in Net investment incomeReported in Net investment incomeReported in Net investment income— — 
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)59 18 77 Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)(71)(5)(32)— (108)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)59 18 (4)73 Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)(72)(5)(29)(103)
PurchasesPurchases35 39 Purchases67 — 140 12 219 
SalesSales(9)(9)Sales(5)— — — (5)
SettlementsSettlements(4)(5)(9)Settlements(22)— (17)— (39)
Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 310 — — 15 
Transfers out of Level 3Transfers out of Level 3(14)(14)Transfers out of Level 3— — (51)— (51)
Balance as of June 30, 2020$555 $$222 $11 $788 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2020 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$$$$(4)$(4)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2020 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period58 18 76 
Balance as of March 31, 2022Balance as of March 31, 2022$915 $51 $604 $44 $1,614 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the periodUnrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$— $— $— $$
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the periodUnrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period(72)(5)(31)— (108)

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Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2021$770 $46 $308 $27 $1,151 
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)(10)(9)
Reported in Net investment income
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)(24)(5)(29)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)(34)(2)(34)
Purchases164 12 114 290 
Sales(3)(4)(7)
Settlements(24)(1)(27)(52)
Transfers into Level 310 30 40 
Transfers out of Level 3(13)(13)
Balance as of June 30, 2021$883 $57 $410 $25 $1,375 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$$$$$
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period(24)(5)(29)
Level 3
(In millions)
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and otherStates, municipalities and political subdivisionsAsset-backedEquity securitiesTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2020$468 $$165 $18 $651 
Balance as of January 1, 2021Balance as of January 1, 2021$770 $46 $308 $27 $1,151 
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)Reported in Net investment gains (losses)(4)(4)Reported in Net investment gains (losses)(13)— — (12)
Reported in Net investment incomeReported in Net investment income(3)(3)Reported in Net investment income— — 
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)22 10 32 Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)(40)(2)(9)— (51)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)22 10 (7)25 Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)(53)(2)(7)(60)
PurchasesPurchases71 80 151 Purchases42 — 30 — 72 
SalesSales(9)(9)Sales— — — — — 
SettlementsSettlements(6)(9)(15)Settlements(2)— (17)— (19)
Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 310 — — 19 
Transfers out of Level 3Transfers out of Level 3(15)(15)Transfers out of Level 3— — (8)— (8)
Balance as of June 30, 2020$555 $$222 $11 $788 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2020 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$$$$(7)$(7)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2020 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period24 10 34 
Balance as of March 31, 2021Balance as of March 31, 2021$767 $44 $315 $29 $1,155 
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the periodUnrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period$— $— $— $$
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the periodUnrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of March 31, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period(40)(2)(9)— (51)
Securities may be transferred in or out of levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the availability of observable market information and quoted prices used to determine the fair value of the security. The availability of observable market information and quoted prices varies based on market conditions and trading volume.
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Valuation Methodologies and Inputs
The following section describes the valuation methodologies and relevant inputs used to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the instruments are generally classified.
Fixed Maturity Securities
Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and exchange traded bonds, valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities include most other fixed maturity securities as the significant inputs are observable in the marketplace. All classes of Level 2 fixed maturity securities are valued using a methodology based on information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, a discounted cash flow methodology, or a combination of both when necessary. Common inputs for all classes of fixed maturity securities include prices from recently executed transactions of similar securities, marketplace quotes, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, interest rates and U.S. Treasury or swap curves. Specifically for asset-backed securities, key inputs include prepayment and default projections based on past performance of the underlying collateral and current market data. Fixed maturity securities are primarily assigned to Level 3 in cases where broker/dealer quotes are significant inputs to the valuation and there is a lack of transparency as to whether these quotes are based on information that is observable in the marketplace. Level 3 securities also include private placement debt securities whose fair value is determined using internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.
Equity Securities
Level 1 equity securities include publicly traded securities valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities are primarily valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions and other pricing models utilizing market observable inputs. Level 3 securities are primarily priced using broker/dealer quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.
Short Term and Other Invested Assets
Securities that are actively traded or have quoted prices are classified as Level 1. These securities include money market funds and treasury bills. Level 2 primarily includes commercial paper,non-U.S. government securities, for which all inputs are market observable. Fixed maturity securities purchased within one year of maturity are classified consistent with fixed maturity securities discussed above. Short term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because certain short term investments, such as time deposits, are not measured at fair value.
As of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, there were $65$79 million and $71$74 million of overseas deposits within Other invested assets, which can be redeemed at net asset value in 90 days or less. Overseas deposits are excluded from the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share (or equivalent) practical expedient.
Derivative Financial Investments
The embedded derivative on funds withheld liability is valued using the change in fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which are fixed maturity securities primarily valued with observable inputs.
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Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.
June 30,March 31, 2022Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Input(s)Range
 (Weighted Average)
Fixed maturity securities$1,198 Discounted cash flowCredit spread1% - 7% (3%)
December 31, 2021Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Input(s)Range
 (Weighted Average)
Fixed maturity securities$1,0671,225 Discounted cash flowCredit spread1% - 8%7% (2%)
December 31, 2020Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Input(s)Range
 (Weighted Average)
Fixed maturity securities$966 Discounted cash flowCredit spread1% - 8% (3%)
For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables.
June 30, 2021Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2022March 31, 2022Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)(In millions)Carrying
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
AssetsAssetsAssets
Mortgage loansMortgage loans$1,006 $$$1,079 $1,079 Mortgage loans$942 $— $— $940 $940 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Long term debtLong term debt$2,777 $$3,043 $$3,043 Long term debt$2,779 $— $2,795 $— $2,795 
December 31, 2020Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2021December 31, 2021Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)(In millions)Carrying
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
AssetsAssetsAssets
Mortgage loansMortgage loans$1,068 $$$1,151 $1,151 Mortgage loans$973 $— $— $1,018 $1,018 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Long term debtLong term debt$2,776 $$3,148 $$3,148 Long term debt$2,779 $— $2,978 $— $2,978 
The carrying amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash, Short term investments not carried at fair value, Accrued investment income and certain Other assets and Other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items. These assets and liabilities are not listed in the tables above.
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Note E. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves
Property and casualty insurance claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims as of the reporting date. The Company's reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, the Company's experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, including inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.
Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers' compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the Company's ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.
Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in our results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $54$19 million and $179$125 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 related primarily to severe weather related events. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $301 millionMarch 31, 2022 and $376 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Net catastrophe2021. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 included $182 millionMarch 31, 2022 were primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic, $61 million related to civil unrest and $58 million related primarily to severe weather related events. Net catastropheCatastrophe losses for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2020 included $195 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic, $61 million related to civil unrest,March 31, 2021 were primarily driven by Winter Storms Uri and $120 million related primarily to severe weather related events.Viola.

















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Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses
The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group segment.
For the six months ended June 30
For the three months ended March 31, 2022For the three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)(In millions)20212020(In millions)20222021
Reserves, beginning of year:Reserves, beginning of year:Reserves, beginning of year:
GrossGross$22,706 $21,720 Gross$24,174 $22,706 
CededCeded4,005 3,835 Ceded4,969 4,005 
Net reserves, beginning of yearNet reserves, beginning of year18,701 17,885 Net reserves, beginning of year19,205 18,701 
Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio TransferReduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer(632)Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer— (632)
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current yearProvision for insured events of current year2,930 2,899 Provision for insured events of current year1,448 1,474 
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior yearsIncrease (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years(78)19 Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years(45)(54)
Amortization of discountAmortization of discount95 98 Amortization of discount47 50 
Total net incurred (1)
Total net incurred (1)
2,947 3,016 
Total net incurred (1)
1,450 1,470 
Net payments attributable to:Net payments attributable to:Net payments attributable to:
Current year eventsCurrent year events(317)(256)Current year events(70)(85)
Prior year eventsPrior year events(1,949)(2,342)Prior year events(1,147)(1,067)
Total net paymentsTotal net payments(2,266)(2,598)Total net payments(1,217)(1,152)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and otherForeign currency translation adjustment and other(5)(35)Foreign currency translation adjustment and other(92)(32)
Net reserves, end of periodNet reserves, end of period18,745 18,268 Net reserves, end of period19,346 18,355 
Ceded reserves, end of periodCeded reserves, end of period4,735 4,002 Ceded reserves, end of period5,002 4,701 
Gross reserves, end of periodGross reserves, end of period$23,480 $22,270 Gross reserves, end of period$24,348 $23,056 
(1) Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, the loss on the Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer, uncollectible reinsurance and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development
Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development (development). These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty$(10)$(20)$(25)$(31)
Commercial(5)(9)
International(1)(3)(1)(3)
Corporate & Other40 50 40 50 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$29 $22 $14 $
Unfavorable development of $40 million and $50 million was recorded within the Corporate & Other segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 due to higher than expected emergence in mass tort exposures in older accident years primarily related to abuse.
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty$(10)$(15)
Commercial(2)— 
International— — 
Corporate & Other— — 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(12)$(15)
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Specialty
The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability$$$$10 
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability10 (9)10 (6)
Surety(23)(38)(30)
Warranty(3)(8)(3)
Other(8)(2)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(10)$(20)$(25)$(31)
Three Months
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability$$
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability— — 
Surety(9)(15)
Warranty(9)(8)
Other— — 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(10)$(15)
2021
Unfavorable development in other professional liability and management liability was due to higher than expected claim severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber business in recent accident years.
Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.
Six Months
2021
Unfavorable development in other professional liability and management liability was due to higher than expected claim severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber business in recent accident years.
Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.
2020
Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was primarily due to unfavorable outcomes on specific claims in accident years 2015 and 2016 in the Company's aging services business.
Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency for accident years 2017 and prior.
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Commercial
The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial AutoCommercial Auto$30 $15 $30 $24 Commercial Auto$— $— 
General LiabilityGeneral LiabilityGeneral Liability— — 
Workers' CompensationWorkers' Compensation(42)(61)(42)(74)Workers' Compensation(2)— 
Property and OtherProperty and Other12 41 12 41 Property and Other— — 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable developmentTotal pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$$(5)$$(9)Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(2)$— 
Three Months
2021International
UnfavorableThere was no development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severityrecorded in the Company’s constructionInternational segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and middle market businesses in recent accident years.
Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.
Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company’s marine business in multiple accident years.
2020
Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to unfavorable claim severity in the Company's middle market and construction businesses in accident years 2017 through 2019.
Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.
Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company's middle market, national accounts and marine business units in accident year 2019.
Six Months
2021
Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s construction and middle market businesses in recent accident years.
Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.
Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company’s marine business in multiple accident years.
2020
Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to unfavorable claim severity in the Company's middle market and construction businesses in accident years 2017 through 2019.
Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.
Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company's middle market, national accounts and marine business units in accident year 2019.2021.
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International
The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Casualty$$(6)$$(6)
Property, Energy and Marine(3)(3)
Specialty
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$(1)$(3)$(1)$(3)
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Asbestos & Environmental Pollution (A&EP) Reserves
In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (CCC) together with several of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of the Company’s legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). At the effective date of the transaction, the Company ceded approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third-party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third-party reinsurance related to these liabilities. The Company paid NICO a reinsurance premium of $2 billion and transferred to NICO billed third-party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.
In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, the Company recognized adverse prior year development on its A&EP reserves resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which the Company recognizes a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The impact of the LPT on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was the recognition of a retroactive reinsurance benefit of $12 million and $20$10 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020 and $22 million and $34 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.2021. As of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020,2021, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were $3.3$3.4 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was $376$417 million and $398$429 million as of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 20202021 and is included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company. The fair value of the collateral trust account was $2.9$3.1 billion as of June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to the majority of the Company’s A&EP claims.
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Excess Workers' Compensation LPT
On February 5, 2021, CCC completed a transaction with Cavello Bay Reinsurance Limited (Cavello), a subsidiary of Enstar Group Limited, under which certain legacy excess workers’ compensation (EWC) liabilities were ceded to Cavello. Under the terms of the transaction, based on reserves in place as of January 1, 2020, the Company ceded approximately $690 million of net EWC claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to Cavello under an LPT with an aggregate limit of $1 billion. The Company paid Cavello a reinsurance premium of $697 million, less claims paid between January 1, 2020 and the closing date of the agreement of $64 million. After transaction costs, the Company recognized an after-tax loss of approximately $12 million in the Corporate & Other segment in the first quarter of 2021 related to the EWC LPT.
As of June 30, 2021, the cumulative amounts ceded under the EWC LPT were $690 million and the remaining amount available under the $1 billion aggregate limit was $310 million.
Cavello established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company, which will be maintained at 105% of outstanding reserves.

Credit Risk for Ceded Reserves
The majority of the Company’s outstanding voluntary reinsurance receivables are due from reinsurers with financial strength ratings of A- or higher. Receivables due from reinsurers with lower financial strength ratings are primarily due from captive reinsurers and are backed by collateral arrangements.
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Note F. Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees
The Company is a party to various claims and litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, are not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Data Breach-related Contingency
As previously disclosed, the Company sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware. The Company’s investigation revealed that an unauthorized third party copied some personal information relating to certain current and former employees, contractor workers and their dependents and certain other persons, including some policyholders. In July 2021, we provided notifications to the impacted individuals and to regulators, in accordance with applicable law. The Company may be subject to subsequent investigations, fines or penalties, as well as other legal claims and actions, related to the foregoing. The likelihood is reasonably possible, but the amount of such fines, penalties or costs, if any, cannot be estimated at this time.
Based on the information currently known, we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, but no assurances can be given as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage.
Guarantees
The Company has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.6 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.
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Note G. Benefit Plans
The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are presented in the following table.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)Net periodic pension cost (benefit)Net periodic pension cost (benefit)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligationInterest cost on projected benefit obligation$16 $20 $31 $40 Interest cost on projected benefit obligation$17 $15 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(39)(39)(77)(78)Expected return on plan assets(38)(38)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) lossAmortization of net actuarial (gain) loss11 11 23 22 Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss12 
Settlement loss
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)$(11)$(7)$(22)$(14)Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)$(14)$(11)
ForThe following table indicates the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,line items in which the Company recognized $3 million and $6 millionnon-service cost (benefit) is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of non-service benefit in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits and $8 million and $16 million of non-service benefit in Other operating expenses related to net periodic pension benefit. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized $2 million and $4 million of non-service benefit in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits and $5 million and $10 million of non-service benefit in Other operating expenses related to net periodic pension benefit.Operations.
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Insurance claims and policyholder's benefits$(4)$(3)
Other operating expenses(10)(8)
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)$(14)$(11)

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Note H. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
The tables below display the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of April 1, 2021$$1,118 $(839)$(92)$187 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications323 12 336 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $(7), $3, $0 and $(4)23 (10)14 
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $(75), $(3), $0 and $(78)300 10 12 322 
Balance as of June 30, 2021$$1,418 $(829)$(80)$509 
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2022$(2)$1,039 $(604)$(113)$320 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(4)(1,612)— (14)(1,630)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $1, $2, $— and $3— (1)(6)— (7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $424, $(2), $— and $423(4)(1,611)(14)(1,623)
Balance as of March 31, 2022$(6)$(572)$(598)$(127)$(1,303)
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of April 1, 2020$(11)$(19)$(822)$(218)$(1,070)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(2)1,209 (2)24 1,229 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(4), $2, $0 and $(1)(4)18 (9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(317), $(1), $0 and $(319)1,191 24 1,224 
Balance as of June 30, 2020$(9)$1,172 $(815)$(194)$154 






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(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2021$$1,745 $(848)$(94)$803 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(2)(270)14 (258)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(15), $5, $0 and $(9)(2)57 (19)36 
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $87, $(5), $0 and $82(327)19 14 (294)
Balance as of June 30, 2021$$1,418 $(829)$(80)$509 
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2020$$1,025 $(833)$(141)$51 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(50)143 (1)(53)39 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $11, $2, $5, $0 and $18(41)(4)(19)(64)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $(36), $(4), $0 and $(38)(9)147 18 (53)103 
Balance as of June 30, 2020$(9)$1,172 $(815)$(194)$154 
(In millions)Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit lossesNet unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsPension and postretirement benefitsCumulative foreign currency translation adjustmentTotal
Balance as of January 1, 2021$— $1,745 $(848)$(94)$803 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(3)(593)— (594)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(8), $2, $— and $(5)(3)34 (9)— 22 
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $162, $(2), $— and $160— (627)(616)
Balance as of March 31, 2021$— $1,118 $(839)$(92)$187 

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:
Component of AOCICondensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investmentsNet investment gains (losses)
Pension and postretirement benefitsOther operating expenses and Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits
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Note I. Business Segments
The Company's property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in 3 business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. These 3 segments are collectively referred to as Property & Casualty Operations. The Company's operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in 2 segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.
Effective January 1, 2021, and in connection with the ceding of certain legacy reserves under a retroactive reinsurance agreement executed in February 2021, management changed the segment presentation of a legacy portfolio of excess workers’ compensation policies relating to business written in 2007 and prior. This business, which was previously reported as part of the Commercial business segment, is now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. Further information on this retroactive reinsurance agreement is provided in Note E. In addition, a determination was made to change the segment presentation of certain legacy mass tort reserves. Similar to the aforementioned excess workers’ compensation legacy business, these legacy mass tort reserves were previously reported in the Commercial business segment and are now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. These changes were made to better reflect the manner in which the Company is organized for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance. Prior period information has been conformed to the new segment presentation.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs, Goodwill and Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense and revenue are readily identifiable for individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense have been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.
In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio.
The performance of the Company's insurance operations is monitored by management through core income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk.
Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations.
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The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
Three months ended March 31, 2022Three months ended March 31, 2022
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
(In millions)(In millions)
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
EliminationsTotal(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Operating revenuesOperating revenues Operating revenues 
Net earned premiumsNet earned premiums$762 $881 $266 $126 $$$2,035 Net earned premiums$772 $904 $264 $120 $(1)$— $2,059 
Net investment incomeNet investment income134 174 14 265 591 Net investment income103 118 14 212 — 448 
Non-insurance warranty revenueNon-insurance warranty revenue359 359 Non-insurance warranty revenue382 — — — — — 382 
Other revenuesOther revenues(1)(1)Other revenues(1)(1)(2)
Total operating revenuesTotal operating revenues1,255 1,060 281 390 (1)2,991 Total operating revenues1,258 1,030 277 331 (2)2,896 
Claims, benefits and expensesClaims, benefits and expenses      Claims, benefits and expenses      
Net incurred claims and benefitsNet incurred claims and benefits439 588 159 322 31 1,539 Net incurred claims and benefits445 573 158 281 (8)— 1,449 
Policyholders’ dividendsPolicyholders’ dividendsPolicyholders’ dividends— — — — 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costsAmortization of deferred acquisition costs159 148 50 357 Amortization of deferred acquisition costs157 148 39 — — — 344 
Non-insurance warranty expenseNon-insurance warranty expense332 332 Non-insurance warranty expense354 — — — — — 354 
Other insurance related expensesOther insurance related expenses71 136 39 25 271 Other insurance related expenses81 130 47 31 — 291 
Other expensesOther expenses12 11 (3)40 (1)61 Other expenses13 41 (2)63 
Total claims, benefits and expensesTotal claims, benefits and expenses1,014 889 245 349 71 (1)2,567 Total claims, benefits and expenses1,051 863 245 315 35 (2)2,507 
Core income (loss) before income taxCore income (loss) before income tax241 171 36 41 (65)424 Core income (loss) before income tax207 167 32 16 (33)— 389 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(53)(34)(10)12 (83)Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(44)(35)(6)— (73)
Core income (loss) Core income (loss) $188 $137 $26 $43 $(53)$341 Core income (loss) $163 $132 $26 $23 $(28)$— 316 
Net investment gains (losses)Net investment gains (losses)38 Net investment gains (losses)(11)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(11)Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)
Net investment gains (losses), after taxNet investment gains (losses), after tax27 Net investment gains (losses), after tax(3)
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$368 Net income (loss)$313 
March 31, 2022
(In millions)      
Reinsurance receivables$1,291 $947 $360 $399 $2,530 $— $5,527 
Insurance receivables1,055 1,503 359 (1)— 2,920 
Deferred acquisition costs370 294 102 — — — 766 
Goodwill117 — 30 — — — 147 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,504 — — — — — 3,504 
Insurance reserves 
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,623 8,934 2,316 3,712 2,763 — 24,348 
Unearned premiums3,029 2,161 624 128 — — 5,942 
Future policy benefits— — — 11,938 — — 11,938 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,528 — — — — — 4,528 
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Three months ended June 30, 2020
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
Three months ended March 31, 2021Three months ended March 31, 2021
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
(In millions)(In millions)
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
EliminationsTotal(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Operating revenuesOperating revenues Operating revenues 
Net earned premiumsNet earned premiums$705 $795 $224 $126 $$$1,850 Net earned premiums$735 $855 $252 $120 $— $— $1,962 
Net investment incomeNet investment income133 161 14 206 20 534 Net investment income117 148 14 219 — 504 
Non-insurance warranty revenueNon-insurance warranty revenue308 308 Non-insurance warranty revenue338 — — — — — 338 
Other revenuesOther revenues(1)Other revenues— — (2)
Total operating revenuesTotal operating revenues1,146 961 238 332 21 (1)2,697 Total operating revenues1,190 1,008 266 340 (2)2,809 
Claims, benefits and expensesClaims, benefits and expenses      Claims, benefits and expenses    
Net incurred claims and benefitsNet incurred claims and benefits508 614 176 304 34 1,636 Net incurred claims and benefits427 639 155 281 (2)— 1,500 
Policyholders’ dividendsPolicyholders’ dividendsPolicyholders’ dividends— — — — 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costsAmortization of deferred acquisition costs153 147 42 342 Amortization of deferred acquisition costs154 153 52 — — — 359 
Non-insurance warranty expenseNon-insurance warranty expense285 285 Non-insurance warranty expense311 — — — — — 311 
Other insurance related expensesOther insurance related expenses73 124 39 25 (1)260 Other insurance related expenses70 115 35 25 10 — 255 
Other expensesOther expenses10 12 (2)36 (1)55 Other expenses11 (5)42 (2)57 
Total claims, benefits and expensesTotal claims, benefits and expenses1,030 902 255 329 69 (1)2,584 Total claims, benefits and expenses974 921 237 308 50 (2)2,488 
Core income (loss) before income taxCore income (loss) before income tax116 59 (17)(48)113 Core income (loss) before income tax216 87 29 32 (43)— 321 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(26)(10)11 (14)Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(46)(18)(5)— (58)
Core income (loss) Core income (loss) $90 $49 $(14)$14 $(40)$99 Core income (loss)$170 $69 $24 $36 $(36)$— 263 
Net investment gains (losses)Net investment gains (losses)69 Net investment gains (losses)57 
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(17)Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(8)
Net investment gains (losses), after taxNet investment gains (losses), after tax52 Net investment gains (losses), after tax49 
Net income (loss)Net income (loss)$151 Net income (loss)$312 
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Six months ended June 30, 2021
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Operating revenues 
Net earned premiums$1,497 $1,736 $518 $246 $$$3,997 
Net investment income251 322 28 484 10 1,095 
Non-insurance warranty revenue697 697 
Other revenues10 (3)11 
Total operating revenues2,445 2,068 547 730 13 (3)5,800 
Claims, benefits and expenses      
Net incurred claims and benefits866 1,227 314 603 29 3,039 
Policyholders’ dividends11 13 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs313 301 102 716 
Non-insurance warranty expense643 643 
Other insurance related expenses141 251 74 50 10 526 
Other expenses23 20 (8)82 (3)118 
Total claims, benefits and expenses1,988 1,810 482 657 121 (3)5,055 
Core income (loss) before income tax457 258 65 73 (108)745 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(99)(52)(15)19 (141)
Core income (loss) $358 $206 $50 $79 $(89)$604 
Net investment gains (losses)95 
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(19)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax76 
Net income (loss)$680 

June 30, 2021
(In millions)      
Reinsurance receivables$1,084 $814 $339 $414 $2,569 $$5,220 
Insurance receivables1,108 1,509 365 2,988 
Deferred acquisition costs340 277 104 721 
Goodwill117 31 148 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,305 3,305 
Insurance reserves 
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,178 8,533 2,225 3,754 2,790 23,480 
Unearned premiums2,767 2,086 616 123 5,592 
Future policy benefits13,285 13,285 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,309 4,309 
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Six months ended June 30, 2020
Specialty

Commercial
InternationalLife &
Group
Corporate
& Other
  
(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Operating revenues 
Net earned premiums$1,390 $1,613 $463 $253 $$$3,719 
Net investment income189 203 29 414 28 863 
Non-insurance warranty revenue609 609 
Other revenues13 (3)13 
Total operating revenues2,189 1,829 492 667 30 (3)5,204 
Claims, benefits and expenses    
Net incurred claims and benefits913 1,169 330 620 23 3,055 
Policyholders’ dividends10 12 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs304 291 91 686 
Non-insurance warranty expense566 566 
Other insurance related expenses142 251 75 51 (1)518 
Other expenses23 18 11 75 (3)127 
Total claims, benefits and expenses1,950 1,739 507 674 97 (3)4,964 
Core income (loss) before income tax239 90 (15)(7)(67)240 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(53)(18)25 10 (33)
Core income (loss)$186 $72 $(12)$18 $(57)$207 
Net investment gains (losses)(147)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)30 
Net investment gains (losses), after tax(117)
Net income (loss)$90 
December 31, 2020
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables$886 $848 $302 $390 $2,052 $$4,478 
Insurance receivables1,052 1,254 328 2,640 
Deferred acquisition costs330 281 97 708 
Goodwill117 31 148 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,068 3,068 
Insurance reserves��
Claim and claim adjustment expenses5,748 8,250 2,091 3,743 2,874 22,706 
Unearned premiums2,635 1,824 546 114 5,119 
Future policy benefits13,318 13,318 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,023 4,023 
December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables$1,200 $923 $381 $401 $2,579 $— $5,484 
Insurance receivables1,136 1,488 340 — 2,974 
Deferred acquisition costs363 278 96 — — — 737 
Goodwill117 — 31 — — — 148 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,476 — — — — — 3,476 
Insurance reserves 
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,433 8,890 2,280 3,754 2,817 — 24,174 
Unearned premiums3,001 2,066 585 109 — — 5,761 
Future policy benefits— — — 13,236 — — 13,236 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,503 — — — — — 4,503 

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The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
SpecialtySpecialtySpecialty
Management & Professional LiabilityManagement & Professional Liability$693 $645 $1,360 $1,213 Management & Professional Liability$673 $667 
SuretySurety155 153 297 291 Surety148 142 
Warranty & Alternative RisksWarranty & Alternative Risks407 348 788 685 Warranty & Alternative Risks437 381 
Specialty revenuesSpecialty revenues1,255 1,146 2,445 2,189 Specialty revenues1,258 1,190 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Middle MarketMiddle Market381 355 756 690 Middle Market362 375 
ConstructionConstruction324 275 633 525 Construction324 309 
Small BusinessSmall Business143 114 269 226 Small Business138 126 
Other CommercialOther Commercial212 217 410 388 Other Commercial206 198 
Commercial revenuesCommercial revenues1,060 961 2,068 1,829 Commercial revenues1,030 1,008 
InternationalInternationalInternational
CanadaCanada87 68 166 141 Canada88 79 
EuropeEurope115 94 226 186 Europe120 111 
HardyHardy79 76 155 165 Hardy69 76 
International revenuesInternational revenues281 238 547 492 International revenues277 266 
Life & Group revenuesLife & Group revenues390 332 730 667 Life & Group revenues331 340 
Corporate & Other revenuesCorporate & Other revenues21 13 30 Corporate & Other revenues
EliminationsEliminations(1)(1)(3)(3)Eliminations(2)(2)
Total operating revenuesTotal operating revenues2,991 2,697 5,800 5,204 Total operating revenues2,896 2,809 
Net investment gains (losses)Net investment gains (losses)38 69 95 (147)Net investment gains (losses)(11)57 
Total revenuesTotal revenues$3,029 $2,766 $5,895 $5,057 Total revenues$2,885 $2,866 

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Note J. Non-Insurance Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The Company had deferred non-insurance warranty revenue balances of $4.3 billion and $4.0$4.5 billion reported in Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue as of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021. For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized $0.3$0.4 billion and $0.6$0.3 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 20212022 and 2020.2021. For the three and six months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021, and 2020, Non-insurance warranty revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods due to a change in estimate was not material. The Company expects to recognize approximately $0.7$1.0 billion of the deferred revenue in the remainder of 2021,2022, $1.1 billion in 2022,2023, $0.9 billion in 20232024 and $1.6$1.5 billion thereafter.





























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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant factors affecting the Company. References to “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q as well as the updates and additions to our Risk Factors disclosed under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with Item 1A Risk Factors and Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021.
We utilize the core income (loss) financial measure to monitor our operations. Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations. Management monitors core income (loss) for each business segment to assess segment performance. Presentation of consolidated core income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial measure. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1. For reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and other information, please refer herein and/or to CNA's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In evaluating the results of our Specialty, Commercial and International segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio, the combined ratio and the combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development excludes net catastrophes losses and changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years from the loss ratio. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders' dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development is the sum of the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio. In addition we also utilize renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. For certain products within Small Business, where quantifiable, rate includes the influence of new business as well. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. Renewal premium change, rate and retention presented for the prior year are updated to reflect subsequent activity on policies written in the period. New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers. Gross written premiums, excluding third party captives, excludes business which is ceded to third party captives, including business related to large warranty programs.
Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year loss reserve development does not include the effect of any related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.


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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the amount of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.
The accounting estimates discussed below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment:
Insurance Reserves
Long Term Care Reserves
Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables
Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities
Income Taxes
Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, equity, business, and insurer financial strength and corporate debt ratings. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202021 for further information.
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CATASTROPHES AND RELATED REINSURANCE
Various events can cause catastrophe losses. These events can be natural or man-made, including hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, hail, severe winter weather, fires, floods, riots, strikes, civil unrest, cyber attacks, pandemics and acts of terrorism that produce unusually large aggregate losses.
Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in our results of operations and/or equity. We generally seek to manage our exposure to catastrophes through the purchase of catastrophe reinsurance and have catastrophe reinsurance treaties that cover property and workers’ compensation losses. We conduct an ongoing review of our risk and catastrophe coverages and from time to time make changes as we deem appropriate. We utilize various reinsurance programs to mitigate catastrophe losses including excess-of-loss occurrence and aggregate treaties covering property and workers’ compensation, and the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019 (TRIPRA), as well as individual risk agreements that reinsure from losses from specific classes or lines of business. During the second quarter of 2021, we added a quota share treaty to our property reinsurance program, which covers policies written during the treaty term and in-force as of June 1, 2021. As a result of the coverage of in-force policies, net written premiums were reduced by $122 million during the quarter for the one-time catch-up under the treaty of unearned premium on policies previously written as of the June 1, 2021 treaty inception. This ceded premium will earn in future quarters consistent with the underlying gross policies. We also renewed our excess-of-loss property catastrophe reinsurance as described below.
Group North American Property Treaty
We purchased corporate catastrophe excess-of-loss treaty reinsurance covering our U.S. states and territories and Canadian property exposures underwritten in our North American and European companies. Exposures underwritten through Hardy are excluded. The treaty has a term of June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022 and provides coverage for the accumulation of covered losses from catastrophe occurrences above our per occurrence retention of $190 million up to $900 million for all losses other than earthquakes. Earthquakes are covered up to $1.0 billion. Losses stemming from terrorism events are covered unless they are due to a nuclear, biological or chemical attack. All layers of the treaty provide for one full reinstatement.
See the Catastrophes and Related Reinsurance section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for further information.
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CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS
Results of Operations
The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations including our financial measure, core income (loss). For more detailed components of our business operations and a discussion of the core income (loss) financial measure, see the Segment Results section within this MD&A. For further discussion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses, see the Investments section of this MD&A.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums$2,035 $1,850 $3,997 $3,719 
Net investment income591 534 1,095 863 
Non-insurance warranty revenue359 308 697 609 
Other revenues11 13 
Total operating revenues2,991 2,697 5,800 5,204 
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits1,539 1,636 3,039 3,055 
Policyholders' dividends13 12 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs357 342 716 686 
Non-insurance warranty expense332 285 643 566 
Other insurance related expenses271 260 526 518 
Other expenses61 55 118 127 
Total claims, benefits and expenses2,567 2,584 5,055 4,964 
Core income before income tax424 113 745 240 
Income tax expense on core income(83)(14)(141)(33)
Core income341 99 604 207 
Net investment gains (losses)38 69 95 (147)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(11)(17)(19)30 
Net investment gains (losses), after tax27 52 76 (117)
Net income$368 $151 $680 $90 

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Three Month Comparison
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums$2,059 $1,962 
Net investment income448 504 
Non-insurance warranty revenue382 338 
Other revenues
Total operating revenues2,896 2,809 
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits1,449 1,500 
Policyholders' dividends
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs344 359 
Non-insurance warranty expense354 311 
Other insurance related expenses291 255 
Other expenses63 57 
Total claims, benefits and expenses2,507 2,488 
Core income before income tax389 321 
Income tax expense on core income(73)(58)
Core income316 263 
Net investment (losses) gains(11)57 
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains(8)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax(3)49 
Net income$313 $312 
Core income increased $242$53 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations increased $226$58 million primarily due to lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Core income for our Life & Group segment increased $29 million while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment increased $13 million.
Net catastrophe losses were $54 million and $301 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended June 30, 2021 related primarily to severe weather related events. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 include $182 million related to COVID-19, $61 million related to civil unrest and $58 million related primarily to severe weather related events. Unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $29 million and $22 million was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 related to our Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
Six Month Comparison
Core income increased $397 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations increased $368 million primarily due to improved current accident year underwriting results and higherpartially offset by lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock returns. Core income for our Life & Group segment increased $61decreased $13 million while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment increased $32improved $8 million.
Net catastropheCatastrophe losses were $179$19 million and $376$125 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021. Catastrophe losses for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 were primarily related primarily to severe weather related events. Catastrophe losses for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2020 include $195 million related to COVID-19, $61 million related to civil unrestMarch 31, 2021 were primarily driven by Winter Storms Uri and $120 million related primarily to severe weather related events. UnfavorableViola. Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $14$12 million and $7$15 million was recorded forin the sixthree months ended June 30,March 31, 2022 and 2021 and 2020 related to our Specialty Commercial, International and Corporate & OtherCommercial segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
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SEGMENT RESULTS
The following discusses the results of operations for our business segments. Our property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International, which we refer to collectively as Property & Casualty Operations. Our operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.
Effective January 1, 2021, we changed the segment presentation of a legacy portfolio of excess workers’ compensation policies and certain legacy mass tort reserves. These businesses were previously reported in the Commercial business segment and are now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. Prior period information has been conformed to the new segment presentation. See Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 for more information on the changes to our business segments.
Recent Developments
As previously disclosed, we sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware that caused a network disruption and impacted certain of our systems. As a result, our written premium production, most notably in Commercial, was impacted by lower levels of retention and new business during the three months ended June 30, 2021. We have also incurred additional expenses within our Corporate Segment related to the cybersecurity attack and expect these expenses may continue. While we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, no assurances can be given at this time as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage.
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Specialty
The following table details the results of operations for Specialty.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)2021202020212020
Gross written premiums$1,903 $1,762 $3,697 $3,476 
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives897 811 1,713 1,552 
Net written premiums786 742 1,528 1,436 
Net earned premiums762 705 1,497 1,390 
Net investment income134 133 251 189 
Core income188 90 358 186 
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development59.0 %59.9 %59.2 %59.7 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts— 15.0 0.3 8.2 
Effect of development-related items(1.3)(2.9)(1.6)(2.3)
Loss ratio57.7 72.0 57.9 65.6 
Expense ratio30.0 32.0 30.2 32.1 
Dividend ratio0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
Combined ratio87.9 %104.2 %88.3 %97.9 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development89.2 %92.1 %89.6 %92.0 %
Rate11 %12 %11 %11 %
Renewal premium change10 13 10 12 
Retention85 86 86 85 
New business$121 $96 $224 $170 
Three Month Comparison
Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)20222021
Gross written premiums$1,846 $1,794 
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives885 816 
Net written premiums771 742 
Net earned premiums772 735 
Net investment income103 117 
Core income163 170 
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development58.9 %59.4 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts— 0.7 
Effect of development-related items(1.3)(2.1)
Loss ratio57.6 58.0 
Expense ratio30.9 30.6 
Dividend ratio0.2 0.2 
Combined ratio88.7 %88.8 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development90.0 %90.2 %
Rate%11 %
Renewal premium change10 12 
Retention85 86 
New business$145 $103 
Gross written premiums, excluding third partythird-party captives, for Specialty increased $86$69 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 driven by higher new business and strong rate. Net written premiums for Specialty increased $44$29 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Core income increased $98decreased $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 primarily due to lower net catastrophe lossesinvestment income driven by limited partnership and common stock returns partially offset by improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio of 87.9%88.7% improved 16.3 points0.1 point for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 due to a 14.30.4 point improvement in the loss ratio andlargely offset by a 2.00.3 point improvementincrease in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was primarily driven by lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Netresults partially offset by lower favorable net prior year loss reserve development. There were no catastrophe losses were $1 million, which had a minimal impact on the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, as compared with $105$5 million, or 15.00.7 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. The improvementincrease in the expense ratio was driven by a favorable acquisition ratio andhigher underwriting expenses partially offset by higher net earned premiums.
Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $10 million and $20$15 million was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
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Six Month ComparisonThe following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Specialty.
(In millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves$1,570 $1,578 
Gross IBNR reserves5,053 4,855 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$6,623 $6,433 
Net case reserves$1,348 $1,338 
Net IBNR reserves4,035 3,927 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$5,383 $5,265 

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Commercial
The following table details the results of operations for Commercial.
Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)20222021
Gross written premiums$1,208 $1,113 
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives1,206 1,111 
Net written premiums1,001 960 
Net earned premiums904 855 
Net investment income118 148 
Core income132 69 
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development61.5 %60.8 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts1.8 13.4 
Effect of development-related items— 0.5 
Loss ratio63.3 74.7 
Expense ratio30.7 31.4 
Dividend ratio0.5 0.6 
Combined ratio94.5 %106.7 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development92.7 %92.8 %
Rate%10 %
Renewal premium change11 
Retention85 83 
New business$228 $211 
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives, for SpecialtyCommercial increased $161$95 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 driven by higher new businessrate and strong rate.retention. Net written premiums for SpecialtyCommercial increased $92$41 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Core income increased $172$63 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021, primarily due to lower net catastrophe losses higherpartially offset by lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock returns and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.returns.
The combined ratio of 88.3%94.5% improved 9.612.2 points for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 primarily due to a 7.711.4 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 1.90.7 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was primarily due to lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophelosses. Catastrophe losses were $6$16 million, or 0.31.8 points of the loss ratio, for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, as compared with $113$115 million, or 8.213.4 points of the loss ratio, for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2020.March 31, 2021. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 0.1 point for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 0.7 points was driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development increased 0.7 points due to a favorable acquisitionshift in mix of business associated with the property quota share treaty we purchased during the second quarter of 2021. Our property coverages, which have a lower underlying loss ratio than most other commercial coverages, now represent a smaller proportion of net earned premiums. On a mix adjusted basis, there was no change in the underlying loss ratio.
Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $25 million and $31 million was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Specialty.
(In millions)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Gross case reserves$1,526 $1,567 
Gross IBNR reserves4,652 4,181 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$6,178 $5,748 
Net case reserves$1,360 $1,410 
Net IBNR reserves3,762 3,488 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$5,122 $4,898 

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Commercial
The following table details the results of operations for Commercial.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)2021202020212020
Gross written premiums$1,161 $1,126 $2,274 $2,188 
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives1,060 1,044 2,171 2,103 
Net written premiums831 949 1,791 1,899 
Net earned premiums881 795 1,736 1,613 
Net investment income174 161 322 203 
Core income137 49 206 72 
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development60.1 %58.7 %60.4 %59.7 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts5.8 19.0 9.6 12.8 
Effect of development-related items0.8 (0.3)0.7 (0.1)
Loss ratio66.7 77.4 70.7 72.4 
Expense ratio32.3 33.9 31.8 33.6 
Dividend ratio0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 
Combined ratio99.6 %111.9 %103.1 %106.6 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development93.0 %93.2 %92.8 %93.9 %
Rate%10 %%%
Renewal premium change10 
Retention81 84 82 85 
New business$201 $198 $412 $396 
Three Month Comparison
Gross written premiums for Commercial increased $35 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by new business and rate. Net written premiums for Commercial decreased $118 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by the impact of the June 1, 2021 written premium catch-up resulting from the addition of the quota share treaty to our property reinsurance program. For further discussion of our reinsurance programs, see the Catastrophes and Related Reinsurance section of this MD&A. Excluding the impact of the June 1, 2021 written premium catch-up, net written premiums decreased $6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Written premiums were also impacted by lower levels of retention and new business during the period related to the network disruption and impact to certain of our systems from the March 2021 cybersecurity attack. Net earned premiums for Commercial increased $86 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The increase in net earned premiums was partially impacted by a reduction in estimated audit premiums related to COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020.
Core income increased $88 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 primarily due to lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio of 99.6% improved 12.3 points for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The loss ratio improved 10.7 points driven by lower net catastrophe losses. Net catastrophe losses were $51 million, or 5.8 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared with $151 million, or 19.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development of 93.0% improved 0.2 points for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020, reflecting a 1.6 point improvement in the expense ratio largely offset by a 1.4 point increase in the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development.
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The improvement in the expense ratio was primarily due to higher net earned premiums. The increase in the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development was driven by lower loss frequency as a result of shelter in place restrictions in the second quarter of 2020.
There was no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
Six Month Comparison
Gross written premiums for Commercial increased $86 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by higher new business and rate. Net written premiums for Commercial decreased $108 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by the impact of the June 1, 2021 written premium catch-up resulting from the addition of the quota share treaty to our property reinsurance program. Excluding the impact of the June 1, 2021 written premium catch-up, net written premiums increased $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Net earned premiums for Commercial increased $123 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The increase in net earned premiums was partially impacted by a reduction in estimated audit premiums related to COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020.
Core income increased $134 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 primarily due to higher net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock returns and improved current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio of 103.1% improved 3.5 points for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 due to a 1.8 point improvement in the expense ratio and a 1.7 point improvement in the loss ratio. The improvement in the expense ratio was primarily due to higher net earned premiums and a favorable acquisition ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by lower net catastrophe losses. Net catastrophe losses were $166 million, or 9.6 points of the loss ratio, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared with $208 million, or 12.8 points of the loss ratio, for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
There was no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Commercial.
(In millions)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Gross case reserves$3,249 $3,215 
Gross IBNR reserves5,284 5,035 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$8,533 $8,250 
Net case reserves$2,935 $2,885 
Net IBNR reserves4,871 4,590 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$7,806 $7,475 
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International
The following table details the results of operations for International.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)2021202020212020
Gross written premiums$339 $277 $682 $584 
Net written premiums292 239 527 458 
Net earned premiums266 224 518 463 
Net investment income14 14 28 29 
Core income (loss)26 (14)50 (12)
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development59.0 %59.9 %59.3 %60.1 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts0.8 19.9 1.4 11.9 
Effect of development-related items(0.3)(1.2)(0.2)(0.7)
Loss ratio59.5 78.6 60.5 71.3 
Expense ratio33.5 36.7 33.9 36.1 
Combined ratio93.0 %115.3 %94.4 %107.4 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development92.5 %96.6 %93.2 %96.2 %
Rate13 %15 %13 %12 %
Renewal premium change14 10 13 
Retention77 74 75 72 
New business$71 $62 $150 $130 
Three Month Comparison
Gross written premiums for International increased $62 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $37 million driven by higher new business and rate. Net written premiums for International increased $53 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Excluding the effects of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $31 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Core results improved $40 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio of 93.0% improved 22.3 points for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 due to a 19.1 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 3.2 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophe losses were $2 million, or 0.8 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared with $45 million, or 19.9 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs.
Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $1 million and $3 million was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.March 31, 2022 as compared with no net prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Commercial.
(In millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves$3,102 $3,184 
Gross IBNR reserves5,832 5,706 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$8,934 $8,890 
Net case reserves$2,796 $2,850 
Net IBNR reserves5,315 5,215 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$8,111 $8,065 

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Six Month ComparisonInternational
The following table details the results of operations for International.
Three months ended March 31
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)20222021
Gross written premiums$363 $343 
Net written premiums251 235 
Net earned premiums264 252 
Net investment income14 14 
Core income26 24 
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development58.6 %59.6 %
Effect of catastrophe impacts1.2 2.0 
Effect of development-related items— (0.1)
Loss ratio59.8 61.5 
Expense ratio32.6 34.4 
Combined ratio92.4 %95.9 %
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development91.2 %94.0 %
Rate%14 %
Renewal premium change10 12 
Retention73 75 
New business$78 $80 
Gross written premiums for International increased $98$20 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $57$30 million driven by higher new business and rate. Net written premiums for International increased $69$16 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. Excluding the effectseffect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $34$26 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020.2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.
Core results improved $62income increased $2 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 driven by lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results.
The combined ratio of 94.4%92.4% improved 13.03.5 points for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 due to a 10.81.8 point improvement in the expense ratio and a 1.7 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 2.2 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by lower net catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophe losses were $7 million, or 1.4 points of the loss ratio, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared with $55 million, or 11.9 points of the loss ratio, for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by lower acquisition costs and higher net earned premiums. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by improved current accident year underwriting results. Catastrophe losses were $3 million, or 1.2 points of the loss ratio, for 2022, as compared with $5 million, or 2.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
FavorableThere was no net prior year loss reserve development of $1 million and $3 million was recorded for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.March 31, 2022 or 2021.







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The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for International.
(In millions)(In millions)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020(In millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross case reservesGross case reserves$881 $892 Gross case reserves$829 $859 
Gross IBNR reservesGross IBNR reserves1,344 1,199 Gross IBNR reserves1,487 1,421 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reservesTotal gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$2,225 $2,091 Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$2,316 $2,280 
Net case reservesNet case reserves$765 $777 Net case reserves$718 $744 
Net IBNR reservesNet IBNR reserves1,141 1,045 Net IBNR reserves1,251 1,196 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reservesTotal net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$1,906 $1,822 Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$1,969 $1,940 
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Life & Group
The following table summarizes the results of operations for Life & Group.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Net earned premiums$126 $126 $246 $253 
Net investment income265 206 484 414 
Core income (loss) before income tax41 73 (7)
Income tax benefit on core loss11 25 
Core income43 14 79 18 
Three Month Comparison
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Net earned premiums$120 $120 
Net investment income212 219 
Core income before income tax16 32 
Income tax benefit on core income
Core income23 36 
Core income improved $29decreased $13 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 20202021 primarily due to higherlower net investment income driven by returns in the limited partnership portfolio and better than expected morbidity in the long term care business, partially offset by unfavorable persistency.
Six Month Comparison
Results for the six months ended June 30, 2021 were generally consistent with the three month summary above.higher expenses.
Corporate & Other
The following table summarizes the results of operations for the Corporate & Other segment, including intersegment eliminations.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
(In millions)2021202020212020
Net investment income$$20 $10 $28 
Interest expense28 31 56 62 
Core loss(53)(40)(89)(57)
Three Month Comparison
Three months ended March 31
(In millions)20222021
Net investment income$$
Interest expense28 28 
Core loss(28)(36)
Core loss increased $13improved $8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020 primarily driven by lower allocated net investment income. Core loss for the three months ended June 30, 2021 includes unfavorable net2021. The prior year loss reserve development related to legacy mass tort exposures of $40 million compared with $50 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Net prior year loss reserve development is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statementsperiod included under Part I, Item I. Core loss for the three months ended June 30, 2021 also includes additional expenses related to the March 2021 cybersecurity attack.
Six Month Comparison
Core loss increased $32 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 driven by lower allocated net investment income, lower amortization of the deferred gain related to the A&EP LPT and the recognition of a $12 million after-tax loss resulting from the legacy excess workers' compensationExcess Workers' Compensation (EWC) LPT. These results were partially offset by lower unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development on legacy mass tort exposures. The A&EP LPT, EWC LPT and net prior year loss reserve development are further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item I. Core loss for the six months ended June 30, 2021 also includes additional expenses related to the March 2021 cybersecurity attack.

Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT).


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The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Corporate & Other.
(In millions)(In millions)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020(In millions)March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross case reservesGross case reserves$1,601 $1,614 Gross case reserves$1,580 $1,551 
Gross IBNR reservesGross IBNR reserves1,189 1,260 Gross IBNR reserves1,183 1,266 
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reservesTotal gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$2,790 $2,874 Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$2,763 $2,817 
Net case reservesNet case reserves$134 $560 Net case reserves$139 $146 
Net IBNR reservesNet IBNR reserves146 331 Net IBNR reserves144 148 
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reservesTotal net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$280 $891 Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$283 $294 

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INVESTMENTS
Net Investment Income
The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table. Fixed income securities, as presented, include both fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:Fixed income securities:
Taxable fixed income securitiesTaxable fixed income securities$356 $360 $715 $731 Taxable fixed income securities$368 $359 
Tax-exempt fixed income securitiesTax-exempt fixed income securities79 80 159 158 Tax-exempt fixed income securities73 80 
Total fixed income securitiesTotal fixed income securities435 440 874 889 Total fixed income securities441 439 
Limited partnership and common stock investmentsLimited partnership and common stock investments156 84 217 (41)Limited partnership and common stock investments61 
Other, net of investment expenseOther, net of investment expense— 10 15 Other, net of investment expense(1)
Net investment incomeNet investment income$591 $534 $1,095 $863 Net investment income$448 $504 
Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolioEffective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio4.3 %4.6 %4.4 %4.6 %Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio4.3 %4.4 %
Limited partnership and common stock returnLimited partnership and common stock return8.3 %5.0 %12.1 %(2.3)%Limited partnership and common stock return0.4 %3.4 %
Net investment income increased $57 million and $232decreased $56 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same periodsperiod in 20202021 driven by lower limited partnership and common stock returns.

Net Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.
Periods ended June 30Three MonthsSix Months
Three months ended March 31Three months ended March 31
(In millions)(In millions)2021202020212020(In millions)20222021
Fixed maturity securities:Fixed maturity securities:Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bondsCorporate and other bonds$43 $(40)$79 $(119)Corporate and other bonds$$36 
States, municipalities and political subdivisionsStates, municipalities and political subdivisions— 33 (1)33 States, municipalities and political subdivisions(1)
Asset-backedAsset-backed(12)24 (9)28 Asset-backed(8)
Total fixed maturity securitiesTotal fixed maturity securities31 17 69 (58)Total fixed maturity securities(2)38 
Non-redeemable preferred stockNon-redeemable preferred stock17 63 19 (70)Non-redeemable preferred stock(38)
Short term and otherShort term and other(10)(11)(6)Short term and other29 17 
Mortgage loans— — — (13)
Net investment gains (losses)38 69 95 (147)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(11)(17)(19)30 
Net investment gains (losses), after tax$27 $52 $76 $(117)
Net investment (losses) gainsNet investment (losses) gains(11)57 
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gainsIncome tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains(8)
Net investment (losses) gains, after taxNet investment (losses) gains, after tax$(3)$49 
NetNet investment gains (losses)results decreased $31$68 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 as compared with the same period in 2020. The decrease was2021 driven by the less favorableunfavorable change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock partially offset byand lower impairment losses.
Netnet investment gains (losses) increased $242 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The increase was driven by lower impairment losses and the favorable change in fair valueon disposals of non-redeemable preferred stock.fixed maturity securities.
Further information on ourour investment gains and losses is set forth in Note C to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part 1,I, Item 1.
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Portfolio Quality
The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our fixed maturity securities by rating distribution.
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020March 31, 2022December 31, 2021

(In millions)

(In millions)
Estimated Fair ValueNet Unrealized Gains (Losses)Estimated Fair ValueNet Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
Estimated Fair ValueNet Unrealized Gains (Losses)Estimated Fair ValueNet Unrealized Gains (Losses)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$3,162 $59 $3,672 $117 U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$2,497 $(107)$2,600 $42 
AAAAAA3,866 408 3,627 454 AAA3,513 97 3,784 360 
AAAA7,458 920 7,159 1,012 AA7,243 160 7,665 823 
AA9,440 1,219 9,543 1,390 A9,062 366 9,511 1,087 
BBBBBB18,558 2,376 18,007 2,596 BBB17,497 552 18,458 2,043 
Non-investment gradeNon-investment grade2,426 147 2,623 149 Non-investment grade2,133 (34)2,362 91 
TotalTotal$44,910 $5,129 $44,631 $5,718 Total$41,945 $1,034 $44,380 $4,446 
As of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020, 2% and2021, 1% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally. AAA rated securities included $1.9$1.5 billion and $1.8$1.7 billion of pre-refunded municipal bonds as of June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2020.2021.
The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution.
June 30, 2021March 31, 2022
(In millions)(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprisesU.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$937 $15 U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises$2,095 $116 
AAAAAA171 AAA993 105 
AAAA291 AA2,809 269 
AA726 14 A3,300 205 
BBBBBB685 22 BBB6,073 392 
Non-investment gradeNon-investment grade327 12 Non-investment grade1,254 70 
TotalTotal$3,137 $70 Total$16,524 $1,157 
The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.
June 30, 2021March 31, 2022
(In millions)(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or lessDue in one year or less$151 $Due in one year or less238 
Due after one year through five yearsDue after one year through five years515 17 Due after one year through five years3,081 97 
Due after five years through ten yearsDue after five years through ten years1,800 30 Due after five years through ten years7,754 465 
Due after ten yearsDue after ten years671 18 Due after ten years5,451 591 
TotalTotal$3,137 $70 Total$16,524 $1,157 
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Duration
A primary objective in the management of the investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to the corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. Our views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions as well as domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. We also continually monitor exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on our views of a specific issuer or industry sector.
A further consideration in the management of the investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs, minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, we segregate investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in the Life & Group segment.
The effective durations of fixed income securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueEffective
Duration
(In years)
Estimated Fair ValueEffective
Duration
(In years)
(In millions)Estimated Fair ValueEffective
Duration
(In years)
Estimated Fair ValueEffective
Duration
(In years)
Investments supporting Life & GroupInvestments supporting Life & Group$18,551 9.3 $18,518 9.2 Investments supporting Life & Group$16,868 8.9 $18,458 9.2 
Other investmentsOther investments28,540 4.9 28,839 4.5 Other investments27,045 5.0 28,915 4.9 
TotalTotal$47,091 6.6 $47,357 6.3 Total$43,913 6.5 $47,373 6.6 
The investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Certain securities have duration characteristics that are variable based on market interest rates, credit spreads and other factors that may drive variability in the amount and timing of cash flows. Additionally, we periodically review the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Short Term Investments
The carrying value of the components of the Short term investments are presented in the following table.
(In millions)June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Short term investments:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,228 $1,702 
Other237 205 
Total short term investments$1,465 $1,907 

2021.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
Our primary operating cash flow sources are premiums and investment income. Our primary operating cash flow uses are payments for claims, policy benefits and operating expenses, including interest expense on corporate debt. Additionally, cash may be paid or received for income taxes.
For the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $685$645 million as compared with $650$82 million for the same period in 2020.2021. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was driven by lower net claim payments and an increase in premiums collected, largely offset by the prior year payment of the EWC LPT premium. The EWC LPT is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
Cash flows from investing activities include the purchase and disposition of financial instruments, excluding those held as trading, and may include the purchase and sale of businesses, equipment and other assets not generally held for resale.
Net cash used by investing activities was $202$129 million for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, as compared with net cash provided of $475$408 million for the same period in 2020.2021. Net cash used or provided by investing activities is primarily driven by cash available from operations and by other factors, such as financing activities.
Cash flows from financing activities may include proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities, and outflows for stockholder dividends, repayment of debt and purchases of treasury stock.
For the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, net cash used by financing activities was $441$688 million as compared with $776$321 million for the same period in 2020. Financing activities for2021. In the periods presented include:
Duringfirst quarter of 2022, we paid dividends of $657 million and repurchased 445,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $21 million. In the six months ended June 30,first quarter of 2021, we paid dividends of $414$310 million and repurchased 377,61566,000 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $18$3 million.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we paid dividends of $750 million and repurchased 435,376 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $18 million.
Common Stock Dividends
Cash dividends of $1.51$2.40 per share on our common stock, including a special cash dividend of $0.75$2.00 per share, were declared and paid during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. On July 30, 2021,April 29, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.38$0.40 per share, payable SeptemberJune 2, 20212022 to stockholders of record on AugustMay 16, 2021.2022. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints.
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Liquidity
We believe that our present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund our current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and we do not expect this to change in the near term. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our $250 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and no borrowings outstanding through our membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC).
Dividends from Continental Casualty Company (CCC) are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the Department), are determined based on the greater of the prior year's statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. CCC paid dividends of $480$535 million and $815$330 million during the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 and 2020.2021. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.
We have an effective automatic shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under which we may publicly issue debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.
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ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. For the Company, this includes the Long term care and fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity business.
The most significant impact will be the effect of updating the discount rate assumption quarterly to reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, rather than CNA’s expected investment portfolio yield. This will be partially offset by the de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The Company expects the net impact of these changes will be a $2.2 billion - $2.5 billion decrease in Accumulated other comprehensive income as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. To illustrate the sensitivity of this adjustment, had the Company used interest rates in effect as of March 31, 2022 in its calculation, the transition impact would have been a $1.0 billion - $1.3 billion decrease in Accumulated other comprehensive income.
For a discussion of Accounting Standards Updates, see Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part 1,I, Item 1.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains a number of forward-looking statements which relate to anticipated future events rather than actual present conditions or historical events. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and generally include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include any and all statements regarding expected developments in our insurance business, including losses and loss reserves (note that loss reserves for long term care, A&EP and other mass tort claims are more uncertain, and therefore more difficult to estimate than loss reserves respecting traditional property and casualty exposures); the impact of routine ongoing insurance reserve reviews we are conducting; our expectations concerning our revenues, earnings, expenses and investment activities; volatility in investment returns; and our proposed actions in response to trends in our business. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to a variety of inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statement. We cannot control many of these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following as well as those risks contained in the Risk Factors section of our 20202021 Annual Report on Form 10-K and this report:10-K:
Company-Specific Factors
the risks and uncertainties associated with our insurance reserves, as outlined in the Critical Accounting Estimates and the Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties sections of our 20202021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and this report, including the sufficiency of the reserves and the possibility for future increases, which would be reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustment is determined;
the risk that the other parties to the transactiontransactions in which, subject to certain limitations, we ceded our legacy A&EP and EWC liabilities, respectively, will not fully perform their respective obligations to CNA, the uncertainty in estimating loss reserves for A&EP and EWC liabilities and the possible continued exposure of CNA to liabilities for A&EP and EWC claims that are not covered under the terms of the transaction;respective transactions;
the performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts with us; and
the risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including the consummation of such transactions, the successful integration of acquired operations and the potential for subsequent impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.
Industry and General Market Factors
the COVID-19 pandemic and actions seekingmeasures to mitigate the spread of the virus have resultedmay continue to result in significantincreased claims and related litigation or regulatory risk across our enterprise; economic uncertainty and depressed business conditions brought on by the crisis may materially and adversely impact our business operations and may lead to increased claim and litigation activity and unfavorable regulatory outcomes.
the impact of competitive products, policies and pricing and the competitive environment in which we operate, including changes in our book of business;
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product and policy availability and demand and market responses, including the level of ability to obtain rate increases and decline or non-renew underpriced accounts, to achieve premium targets and profitability and to realize growth and retention estimates;
general economic and business conditions, including recessionary conditions that may decrease the size and number of our insurance customers and create losses to our lines of business and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors that increase the severity of claims;
conditions in the capital and credit markets, including uncertainty and instability in these markets, as well as the overall economy, and their impact on the returns, types, liquidity and valuation of our investments;
conditions in the capital and credit markets that may limit our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms; and
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the possibility of changes in our ratings by ratings agencies, including the inability to access certain markets or distribution channels and the required collateralization of future payment obligations as a result of such changes, and changes in rating agency policies and practices.
Regulatory and Legal Factors
regulatory and legal initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations and other legal requirements, including with respect to cyber security protocols, (which may be enhanced following completion of work relating to the sophisticated cyber incident sustained by the Company in March 2021 as discussed in Risk Factors, Part II, Item 1A of this report), legal inquiries by state authorities, judicial interpretations within the regulatory framework, including interpretation of policy provisions, decisions regarding coverage and theories of liability, legislative actions that increase claimant activity, including those revising applicability of statutes of limitations, trends in litigation and the outcome of any litigation involving us and rulings and changes in tax laws and regulations;
regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions upon us, including with respect to our ability to increase premium rates, and the effects of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and second-injury funds, other mandatory pooling arrangements and future assessments levied on insurance companies;
regulatory limitations and restrictions, including limitations upon our ability to receive dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, imposed by regulatory authorities, including regulatory capital adequacy standards; and
regulatory and legal implications relating to the sophisticated cyber incident sustained by the Company in March 2021 that may arise.
Impact of Natural and Man-Made Disasters and Mass Tort Claims
weather and other natural physical events, including the severity and frequency of storms, hail, snowfall and other winter conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, as well as climate change, including effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, wildfires, rain, hail and snow;
regulatory requirements imposed by coastal state regulators in the wake of hurricanes or other natural disasters, including limitations on the ability to exit markets or to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies, as well as mandatory assessments to fund any shortfalls arising from the inability of quasi-governmental insurers to pay claims;
man-made disasters, including the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks, the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events, and the effect of the absence or insufficiency of applicable terrorism legislation on coverages;
the occurrence of epidemics and pandemics; and
mass tort claims, including those related to exposure to potentially harmful products or substances such as glyphosate, lead paint and opioids; and claims arising from changes that repeal or weaken tort reforms, such as those related to abuse reviver statutes.
Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement, even if our expectations or any related events or circumstances change.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There were no material changes in our market risk components for the sixthree months ended June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022. See the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202021 for further information. Additional information related to portfolio duration is discussed in the Investments section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part I, Item 2.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of June 30, 2021,March 31, 2022, the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f)13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2021March 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, include detailed discussions of certain material risk factors facing us. The information presented below describes updates and additions to and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in our Form 10-K and restates in their entirety the risk factors contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
Any significant interruption in the operation of our business functions, facilities and systems or ourvendors' facilities and systems could result in a materially adverse effect on our operations.
Our business is highly dependent upon our ability to perform, in an efficient and uninterrupted manner, through our employees or vendor relationships, necessary business functions, such as internet support and 24-hour call centers, processing new and renewal business and processing and paying claims and other obligations.
Our, or our vendors’, facilities and systems could become unavailable, inoperable, or otherwise impaired from a variety of causes, including natural events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms, earthquakes, severe winter weather and fires, or other events, such as explosions, terrorist attacks, computer security breaches or cyberattacks, riots, hazardous material releases, medical epidemics or pandemics, utility outages, interruptions of our data processing and storage systems or the systems of third-party vendors, or unavailability of communications facilities. An interruption of our system availability occurred in March 2021 as a result of a cybersecurity attack sustained by the Company. Please refer to the immediately following risk factor for further information regarding this incident. Likewise, we could experience a significant failure, interruption or corruption of one or more of our or our vendors’ information technology, telecommunications, or other systems for various reasons, including significant failures or interruptions that might occur as existing systems are replaced or upgraded. The shut-down or unavailability of one or more of our or our vendors' systems or facilities for these and other reasons could significantly impair our ability to perform critical business functions on a timely basis.
In addition, because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such service exceeds capacity or a third-party system fails or experiences an interruption. If sustained or repeated, such events could result in a deterioration of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer service, pay claims in a timely manner, or perform other necessary business functions, including the ability to issue financial statements in a timely manner.
The foregoing risks could also expose us to monetary and reputational damages. Potential exposures resulting from the March 2021 cybersecurity attack, described in the immediately following risk factor, as well as any future incidents may include substantially increased compliance costs, as well as increased costs relating to investments in computer system and security-related upgrades, with those costs potentially not recoverable under relevant insurance coverage. If our business continuity plans or system security do not sufficiently address these risks, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Based on the information currently known, we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, but no assurances can be given as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage. We may also be subject to future incidents that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition or may result in operational impairments and financial losses, as well as significant harm to our reputation.

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Any significant breach in our data security infrastructure could disrupt business, cause financial losses and damage our reputation, and insurance coverage may not be available for claims related to a breach.
A significant breach of our data security infrastructure may result from actions by our employees, vendors, third-party administrators, or unknown third parties or through cyber-attacks. The risk of a breach can exist whether software services are in our data centers or we use cloud-based software services.
Such a breach could affect our data framework or cause a failure to protect the personal information of our customers, claimants or employees, or sensitive and confidential information regarding our business and may result in operational impairments and financial losses, as well as significant harm to our reputation. The breach of confidential information also could give rise to legal liability and regulatory action under data protection and privacy laws, as well as evolving regulation in this regard. Any such breach of our data security infrastructure could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware that caused a network disruption and impacted certain of our systems. Upon detection, we undertook steps to address the incident, including engaging a team of third-party forensic experts and notifying law enforcement and key regulators. We restored network systems and resumed normal operations. We are continuing to assess all actions that we will take to improve our existing systems.
Our investigation revealed that an unauthorized third party copied some personal information relating to certain current and former employees, contractor workers and their dependents and certain other persons, including some policyholders. In July 2021, we provided notifications to the impacted individuals and to regulators, in accordance with applicable law. Although we currently have no indication that the impacted data has been misused, or that CNA or its policyholder data was specifically targeted by the unauthorized third party, we may be subject to subsequent investigations, claims or actions in addition to other costs, fines, penalties, or other obligations related to impacted data, whether or not such data is misused. In addition, the misuse, or perceived misuse, of sensitive or confidential information regarding our business or policyholders could cause harm to our reputation and result in the loss of business with existing or potential customers, which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Although we maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage insuring against costs resulting from cyber-attacks (including the March 2021 attack), it is possible losses may exceed the amount available under our coverage and/or our coverage policy may not cover all losses. Costs and expenses incurred and likely to be incurred by the Company in connection with the March 2021 attack include both direct and indirect costs and not all may be covered by our insurance coverage. In addition, potential disputes with our insurers about the availability of insurance coverage for claims relating to the March 2021 attack or any future incident could occur. Further, both as a result of the March 2021 attack and industry trends generally, the replenishment of the Company’s current policy through the end of the term, as well as future cybersecurity insurance coverage beyond the current term, may be difficult to obtain and will likely only be available at significantly higher cost.
Based on the information currently known, we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, but no assurances can be given as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage. We may also be subject to future incidents that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition or may result in operational impairments and financial losses, as well as significant harm to our reputation.








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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Items 2 (a) and (b) are not applicable
(c) The table below details the repurchases of our common stock made during the three months ended June 30, 2021.March 31, 2022.
PeriodPeriod(a) Total number of shares purchased(b) Average price paid per share(c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)Period(a) Total number of shares purchased(b) Average price paid per share(c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)
May 1, 2021 - May 31, 2021194,736 $47.45 N/AN/A
June 1, 2021 - June 30, 2021116,879 $47.77 N/AN/A
February 1, 2022 - February 28, 2022February 1, 2022 - February 28, 202250,679 $45.85 N/AN/A
March 1, 2022 - March 31, 2022March 1, 2022 - March 31, 2022394,321 $46.57 N/AN/A
TotalTotal311,615 N/AN/ATotal445,000 N/AN/A
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Item 6. Exhibits
See Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CNA Financial Corporation
Dated: AugustMay 2, 20212022By/s/ Albert J. MirallesScott R. Lindquist
Albert J. MirallesScott R. Lindquist
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly authorized officer and principal financial and accounting officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX
Description of ExhibitExhibit Number
10.1
10.2
31.1
  
31.2
  
32.1
  
32.2
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document101.INS
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase101.PRE
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)104.1
6858