UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


			☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022


			☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number 1-5823

CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						36-6169860
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


151 N. Franklin		60606
Chicago,	Illinois	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)

(312) 822-5000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, Par value $2.50

"CNA"

New York Stock Exchange

Chicago Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the ~~Exchange~~ Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October ~~28, 2021, 271,359,883~~27, 2022, 270,893,378 shares of common stock were outstanding.


Item Number	Item Number		Page Number	Item Number		Page Number
		PART I			PART I
1.	1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:	3	1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	3		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	4		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	4
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020	5		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	6		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited)	7		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)	7
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
2.	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	44	2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
3.	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66	3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	68
4.	4.	Controls and Procedures	66	4.	Controls and Procedures	68
		PART II			PART II
1.	1.	Legal Proceedings	67	1.	Legal Proceedings	69
1A.		Risk Factors	67
2.				2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
6.	6.	Exhibits	71	6.	Exhibits	70

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions, except per share data)	(In millions, except per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues	Revenues									Revenues
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	2,059	$	1,953	$	6,056	$	5,672	Net earned premiums	$	2,221	$	2,059	$	6,435	$	6,056
Net investment income	Net investment income	513		517		1,608		1,380		Net investment income	422		513		1,302		1,608
Net investment gains (losses)		22		27		117		(120)
Net investment (losses) gains										Net investment (losses) gains	(96)		22		(166)		117
Non-insurance warranty revenue	Non-insurance warranty revenue	357		317		1,054		926		Non-insurance warranty revenue	399		357		1,173		1,054
Other revenues	Other revenues	8		6		19		19		Other revenues	11		8		24		19
Total revenues	Total revenues	2,959		2,820		8,854		7,877		Total revenues	2,957		2,959		8,768		8,854
Claims, Benefits and Expenses	Claims, Benefits and Expenses									Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,632		1,616		4,684		4,683		Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,665		1,632		4,703		4,684
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	368		360		1,084		1,046		Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	383		368		1,101		1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense	Non-insurance warranty expense	330		293		973		859		Non-insurance warranty expense	371		330		1,092		973
Other operating expenses	Other operating expenses	287		269		874		852		Other operating expenses	346		287		1,001		874
Interest	Interest	28		32		85		94		Interest	28		28		84		85
Total claims, benefits and expenses	Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,645		2,570		7,700		7,534		Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,793		2,645		7,981		7,700
Income before income tax	Income before income tax	314		250		1,154		343		Income before income tax	164		314		787		1,154
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	(58)		(37)		(218)		(40)		Income tax expense	(36)		(58)		(141)		(218)
Net income	Net income	$	256	$	213	$	936	$	303	Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936

Basic earnings per share	Basic earnings per share	$	0.94	$	0.79	$	3.44	$	1.12	Basic earnings per share	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.38	$	3.44

Diluted earnings per share	Diluted earnings per share	$	0.94	$	0.79	$	3.43	$	1.11	Diluted earnings per share	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.37	$	3.43

Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents	Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents									Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic	Basic	271.7		271.7		271.8		271.6		Basic	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8
Diluted	Diluted	272.7		272.3		272.8		272.3		Diluted	272.3		272.7		272.6		272.8

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive (Loss) Income										Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Net income	Net income	$	256	$	213	$	936	$	303	Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax
Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax										Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax
Changes in:	Changes in:									Changes in:
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	—		6		—		(3)		Net unrealized gains and losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(2)		—		(8)		—
Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	(138)		207		(465)		354		Net unrealized gains and losses on other investments	(1,327)		(138)		(4,284)		(465)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(138)		213		(465)		351		Net unrealized gains and losses on investments	(1,329)		(138)		(4,292)		(465)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	Foreign currency translation adjustment	(33)		37		(19)		(16)		Foreign currency translation adjustment	(103)		(33)		(185)		(19)
Pension and postretirement benefits	Pension and postretirement benefits	8		7		27		25		Pension and postretirement benefits	6		8		18		27
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(163)		257		(457)		360
Total comprehensive income		$	93	$	470	$	479	$	663
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax										Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1,426)		(163)		(4,459)		(457)
Total comprehensive (loss) income										Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,298)	$	93	$	(3,813)	$	479

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets


(In millions, except share data)	(In millions, except share data)	September 30, 2021 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2020		(In millions, except share data)	September 30, 2022 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2021
Assets	Assets					Assets
Investments:	Investments:					Investments:
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $40,342 and $38,953, less allowance for credit loss of $31 and $40)		$	45,069	$	44,631
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $976 and $941)		1,045		992
Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $41,330 and $39,952, less allowance for credit loss of $3 and $18)						Fixed maturity securities at fair value (amortized cost of $41,330 and $39,952, less allowance for credit loss of $3 and $18)	$	37,251	$	44,380
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $989 and $964)						Equity securities at fair value (cost of $989 and $964)	891		1,035
Limited partnership investments	Limited partnership investments	1,874		1,619		Limited partnership investments	1,895		1,859
Other invested assets	Other invested assets	82		76		Other invested assets	73		91
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $26 and $26)		1,031		1,068
Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $24 and $16)						Mortgage loans (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $24 and $16)	953		973
Short term investments	Short term investments	1,135		1,907		Short term investments	1,074		1,990
Total investments	Total investments	50,236		50,293		Total investments	42,137		50,328
Cash	Cash	625		419		Cash	503		536
Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $21 and $21)	Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $21 and $21)	5,328		4,457		Reinsurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $21 and $21)	5,700		5,463
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $30 and $33)		2,799		2,607
Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $28 and $29)						Insurance receivables (less allowance for uncollectible receivables of $28 and $29)	2,986		2,945
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	397		380		Accrued investment income	411		377
Deferred acquisition costs	Deferred acquisition costs	721		708		Deferred acquisition costs	787		737
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	135		66		Deferred income taxes	1,298		142
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $257 and $231)		234		252
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $272 and $255)						Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $272 and $255)	229		226
Goodwill	Goodwill	148		148		Goodwill	142		148
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,418		3,068		Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,653		3,476
Other assets		2,481		1,628
Other assets (includes $25 and $— due from Loews Corporation)						Other assets (includes $25 and $— due from Loews Corporation)	2,369		2,261
Total assets	Total assets	$	66,522	$	64,026	Total assets	$	60,215	$	66,639
Liabilities	Liabilities					Liabilities
Insurance reserves:	Insurance reserves:					Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	Claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	23,832	$	22,706	Claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	24,700	$	24,174
Unearned premiums	Unearned premiums	5,577		5,119		Unearned premiums	6,195		5,761
Future policy benefits	Future policy benefits	13,198		13,318		Future policy benefits	10,454		13,236
Long term debt	Long term debt	2,778		2,776		Long term debt	2,780		2,779
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,443		4,023		Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,706		4,503
Other liabilities (includes $31 and $89 due to Loews Corporation)		4,030		3,377
Other liabilities (includes $19 and $56 due to Loews Corporation)						Other liabilities (includes $19 and $56 due to Loews Corporation)	3,286		3,377
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	53,858		51,319		Total liabilities	52,121		53,830
Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)	Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)			0		Commitments and contingencies (Notes C and F)
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders' Equity					Stockholders' Equity
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 271,356,177 and 271,391,603 shares outstanding)		683		683
Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,887,022 and 271,363,999 shares outstanding)						Common stock ($2.50 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 273,040,243 shares issued; 270,887,022 and 271,363,999 shares outstanding)	683		683
Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital	2,208		2,211		Additional paid-in capital	2,211		2,215
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	9,500		9,081		Retained earnings	9,433		9,663
Accumulated other comprehensive income		346		803
Treasury stock (1,684,066 and 1,648,640 shares), at cost		(73)		(71)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income						Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,139)		320
Treasury stock (2,153,221 and 1,676,244 shares), at cost						Treasury stock (2,153,221 and 1,676,244 shares), at cost	(94)		(72)
Total stockholders’ equity	Total stockholders’ equity	12,664		12,707		Total stockholders’ equity	8,094		12,809
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	66,522	$	64,026	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	60,215	$	66,639

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


Nine months ended September 30	Nine months ended September 30					Nine months ended September 30
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities	Cash Flows from Operating Activities					Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	Net income	$	936	$	303	Net income	$	646	$	936
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		46		(41)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense						Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(18)		46
Trading portfolio activity	Trading portfolio activity	13		2		Trading portfolio activity	(5)		13
Net investment (gains) losses		(117)		120
Net investment losses (gains)						Net investment losses (gains)	166		(117)
Equity method investees	Equity method investees	(106)		12		Equity method investees	235		(106)
Net amortization of investments	Net amortization of investments	(58)		(51)		Net amortization of investments	(89)		(58)
Depreciation and amortization	Depreciation and amortization	41		46		Depreciation and amortization	38		41
Changes in:	Changes in:					Changes in:
Receivables, net	Receivables, net	(1,076)		(271)		Receivables, net	(390)		(1,076)
Accrued investment income	Accrued investment income	(17)		(6)		Accrued investment income	(37)		(17)
Deferred acquisition costs	Deferred acquisition costs	(15)		(36)		Deferred acquisition costs	(66)		(15)
Insurance reserves	Insurance reserves	1,891		1,479		Insurance reserves	1,743		1,891
Other, net	Other, net	(184)		(149)		Other, net	(233)		(184)
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	Net cash flows provided by operating activities	1,354		1,408		Net cash flows provided by operating activities	1,990		1,354
Cash Flows from Investing Activities	Cash Flows from Investing Activities					Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Dispositions:	Dispositions:					Dispositions:
Fixed maturity securities - sales	Fixed maturity securities - sales	2,510		5,023		Fixed maturity securities - sales	4,885		2,510
Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	3,360		2,706		Fixed maturity securities - maturities, calls and redemptions	2,095		3,360
Equity securities	Equity securities	237		275		Equity securities	230		237
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships	178		281		Limited partnerships	124		178
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	90		41		Mortgage loans	101		90
Purchases:	Purchases:					Purchases:
Fixed maturity securities	Fixed maturity securities	(7,127)		(8,466)		Fixed maturity securities	(8,768)		(7,127)
Equity securities	Equity securities	(242)		(373)		Equity securities	(245)		(242)
Limited partnerships	Limited partnerships	(281)		(144)		Limited partnerships	(265)		(281)
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	(63)		(154)		Mortgage loans	(90)		(63)
Change in other investments	Change in other investments	3		(4)		Change in other investments	9		3
Change in short term investments	Change in short term investments	755		403		Change in short term investments	903		755
Purchases of property and equipment	Purchases of property and equipment	(16)		(16)		Purchases of property and equipment	(41)		(16)
Other, net	Other, net	(1)		21		Other, net	(10)		(1)
Net cash flows used by investing activities	Net cash flows used by investing activities	(597)		(407)		Net cash flows used by investing activities	(1,072)		(597)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities	Cash Flows from Financing Activities					Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Dividends paid to common stockholders	Dividends paid to common stockholders	(518)		(850)		Dividends paid to common stockholders	(874)		(518)
Proceeds from the issuance of debt		—		495
Repayment of debt		—		(419)
Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	(18)		(18)		Purchase of treasury stock	(39)		(18)
Other, net	Other, net	(9)		(9)		Other, net	(11)		(9)
Net cash flows used by financing activities	Net cash flows used by financing activities	(545)		(801)		Net cash flows used by financing activities	(924)		(545)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	(6)		—		Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	(27)		(6)
Net change in cash	Net change in cash	206		200		Net change in cash	(33)		206
Cash, beginning of year	Cash, beginning of year	419		242		Cash, beginning of year	536		419
Cash, end of period	Cash, end of period	$	625	$	442	Cash, end of period	$	503	$	625

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Common Stock	Common Stock									Common Stock
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	$	683	$	683	$	683	$	683	Balance, beginning of period	$	683	$	683	$	683	$	683
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	683		683		683		683		Balance, end of period	683		683		683		683
Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital									Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	2,201		2,196		2,211		2,203		Balance, beginning of period	2,203		2,201		2,215		2,211
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	7		6		(3)		(1)		Stock-based compensation	8		7		(4)		(3)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	2,208		2,202		2,208		2,202		Balance, end of period	2,211		2,208		2,211		2,208
Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings									Retained Earnings
Balance, beginning of period, as previously reported		9,348		8,683		9,081		9,348
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting guidance, net of tax		—		—		—		(5)
Balance, beginning of period, as adjusted		9,348		8,683		9,081		9,343
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.38, $0.37, $1.89 and $3.11 per share)		(104)		(100)		(517)		(850)

Balance, beginning of period										Balance, beginning of period	9,415		9,348		9,663		9,081
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.40, $0.38, $3.20, $1.89 per share)										Dividends to common stockholders ($0.40, $0.38, $3.20, $1.89 per share)	(110)		(104)		(876)		(517)
Net income	Net income	256		213		936		303		Net income	128		256		646		936
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	9,500		8,796		9,500		8,796		Balance, end of period	9,433		9,500		9,433		9,500
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income										Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	509		154		803		51		Balance, beginning of period	(2,713)		509		320		803
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(163)		257		(457)		360

Other comprehensive loss										Other comprehensive loss	(1,426)		(163)		(4,459)		(457)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	346		411		346		411		Balance, end of period	(4,139)		346		(4,139)		346
Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock									Treasury Stock
Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	(73)		(71)		(71)		(70)		Balance, beginning of period	(76)		(73)		(72)		(71)
Stock-based compensation	Stock-based compensation	—		—		16		17		Stock-based compensation	—		—		17		16
Purchase of treasury stock	Purchase of treasury stock	—		—		(18)		(18)		Purchase of treasury stock	(18)		—		(39)		(18)
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	(73)		(71)		(73)		(71)		Balance, end of period	(94)		(73)		(94)		(73)
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	$	12,664	$	12,021	$	12,664	$	12,021	Total stockholders' equity	$	8,094	$	12,664	$	8,094	$	12,664

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

CNA Financial Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note A. General

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) and its subsidiaries. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately ~~89.6%~~90% of the outstanding common stock of CNAF as of September 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, including certain financial statement notes, is not required for interim reporting purposes and has been condensed or omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, including the summary of significant accounting policies in Note A. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The interim financial data as of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 is unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. ~~The guidance requires entities~~For the Company, this includes the long term care and fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity business. Entities will be required to ~~annually~~review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions ~~including~~(including morbidity and ~~persistency,~~persistency) at least annually, and to update discount rate assumptions quarterly using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions will be recorded in the Company's results of operations and the effect of changes in discount rate assumptions will be recorded in Other comprehensive income. ~~This~~The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption ~~permitted. The guidance~~permitted, and may be applied using either a modified retrospective transition method or a full retrospective transition method. ~~The guidance requires restatement of~~Financial statements for prior periods ~~presented.~~ presented shall be adjusted to reflect the effects of applying the new accounting guidance.

The Company ~~plans to~~will adopt on the new guidance effective ~~date,~~January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition ~~method~~date of January 1, 2021. The Company will use a published spot rate curve constructed from A+, A and ~~is currently evaluating~~A- rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds matched to the duration of the corresponding insurance liabilities, to calculate discount rates. The Company will group its long-duration contracts into calendar year cohorts based on the contract issue date and product line. Long term care contracts will be grouped separately from the Company’s fully-ceded single premium immediate annuity contracts.

The most significant impact at the transition date will be the effect of updating the ~~updated guidance~~discount rate assumption to reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, which will ~~have on its financial statements, including~~be partially offset by the ~~increased disclosure requirements.~~de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The ~~annual updating~~Company expects the net impact of these changes will be a decrease of approximately $2.3 billion in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. There is a minimal transition impact expected to retained earnings.

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The requirement to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions at least annually is expected to ~~increase income statement volatility.~~ change the pattern of earnings being recognized.Adoption will also significantly expand the Company’s disclosures, and will impact systems, processes, and controls.While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from existing GAAP, the new guidance will not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows, or the underlying economics of the ~~business and related cash flows will be unchanged.~~

business.

The Company continues to make progress in connection with these matters and is in process of refining key accounting policy decisions, technology solutions and updates to internal controls associated with adoption of the new guidance.

These in-progress activities include modifications of actuarial valuation systems, data sourcing, analytical procedures and reporting processes.

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Note B. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (loss) per share is based on weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes the impact of dilutive securities and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

~~For~~The following table presents the ~~three~~income and ~~nine months ended September 30, 2021, approximately 1,015 thousand~~share data used in the basic and ~~980 thousand~~diluted earnings per share computations.


Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss)	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936

Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8
Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding	271.4		271.7		271.7		271.8
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards under compensation plans	0.9		1.0		0.9		1.0
Total	272.3		272.7		272.6		272.8

Earnings (loss) per share
Basic	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.38	$	3.44
Diluted	$	0.47	$	0.94	$	2.37	$	3.43

Excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share is the impact of potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, approximately 4 thousand and 3 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effectthat would have been ~~antidilutive.~~

~~For~~antidilutive during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 620 thousand and 730 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For those same periods, approximately 9 thousand potential shares attributable to exercises or conversions into common stock under stock-based employee compensation plans were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive.respective periods.

The Company repurchased ~~377,615~~890,000 and ~~435,376~~377,615 shares of CNAF common stock at an aggregate cost of $39 million and $18 million during ~~each of~~ the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021.

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Note C. Investments

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Fixed maturity securities $ 425 $ 432 $ 1,278 $ 1,300
Equity securities 4 18 53 24
Limited partnership investments 85 64 274 38
Mortgage loans 13 14 42 42
Short term investments 1 1 1 9
Trading portfolio 1 4 8 13
Other (1) — — 2
Gross investment income 528 533 1,656 1,428
Investment expense (15) (16) (48) (48)
Net investment income $ 513 $ 517 $ 1,608 $ 1,380

~~During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $(7) million and $11 million~~ ~~of Net i~~nvestment income was recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock still held as of September 30, 2021. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, $4 million and $9 million of Net investment income was recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock still held as of September 30, 2020.


Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fixed maturity securities	$	454	$	425	$	1,324	$	1,278
Equity securities	2		4		(7)		53
Limited partnership investments	(35)		85		(11)		274
Mortgage loans	13		13		40		42
Short term investments	4		1		6		1
Trading portfolio	1		1		2		8
Other	1		(1)		1		—
Gross investment income	440		528		1,355		1,656
Investment expense	(18)		(15)		(53)		(48)
Net investment income	$	422	$	513	$	1,302	$	1,608
Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of common stock held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021	$	(18)	$	(7)	$	(38)	$	11

Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net investment gains (losses):	Net investment gains (losses):									Net investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	Gross gains	$	50	$	44	$	159	$	175	Gross gains	$	23	$	50	$	94	$	159
Gross losses	Gross losses	(28)		(18)		(68)		(207)		Gross losses	(134)		(28)		(222)		(68)
Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities	Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities	22		26		91		(32)		Net investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities	(111)		22		(128)		91
Equity securities	Equity securities	(2)		25		17		(45)		Equity securities	(2)		(2)		(111)		17
Derivatives	Derivatives	2		(2)		7		(7)		Derivatives	24		2		79		7
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	—		(3)		—		(16)		Mortgage loans	(8)		—		(8)		—
Short term investments and other	Short term investments and other	—		(19)		2		(20)		Short term investments and other	1		—		2		2
Net investment gains (losses)	Net investment gains (losses)	$	22	$	27	$	117	$	(120)	Net investment gains (losses)	$	(96)	$	22	$	(166)	$	117
Net investment gains (losses) recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021										Net investment gains (losses) recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021	$	(2)	$	(2)	$	(109)	$	15

~~During~~Net investment gains (losses) for thethree ~~and nine~~ months ended September 30, ~~2021, $(2)~~2022 in the table above include a $35 million ~~of losses and $15 million of gains were recognized in Net investment gains (losses) due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of September 30, 2021.~~ During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, $25 million of gains and $(44) million of losses were recognized in Net investment gains (losses) due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held as of September 30, 2020. Short term investments and other included a $(20) millionnet loss ~~for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020~~ related to the ~~third quarter 2020 redemption~~expected novation of a coinsurance agreement on the ~~Company's $400~~Company’s legacy annuity business, which was transacted on a funds withheld basis and gave rise to an embedded derivative. The net loss of $35 million ~~senior notes due August 2021.~~

~~Table~~is comprised of ~~Contents~~

~~The following tables present~~a $59 million loss on the ~~activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (PCD) assets. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale~~ fixed maturity securities ~~totaled $387~~supporting the funds withheld liability to recognize unrealized losses which had been included in AOCI since the inception of the coinsurance agreement, partially offset by a $24 million ~~$371 million and $390 million~~ asgain on the associated embedded derivative. Taken together, this net loss is the final recognition of ~~September 30, 2021,~~ ~~December 31, 2020~~ ~~and~~ ~~September 30, 2020~~ ~~and is~~ ~~excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis~~changes in the ~~tables included within this Note.~~

(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2021 $ 24 $ 21 $ 45
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded — — —
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 2 — 2
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) — — —
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis — — —
Write-offs charged against the allowance 16 — 16
Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — —
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period — — —
Balance as of September 30, 2021
$ 10 $ 21 $ 31
(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2020 $ 39 $ 12 $ 51
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
For securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 4 — 4
For available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 1 — 1
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) 9 — 9
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis — — —
Write-offs charged against the allowance — — —
Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — —
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (1) 1 —
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 34 $ 13 $ 47

valuation of the funds held assets and offsets previously recognized net investment gains on the associated embedded derivative.

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(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ 23 $ 17 $ 40
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 14 — 14
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 4 4 8
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) 6 — 6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis — — —
Write-offs charged against the allowance 16 — 16
Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — —
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (9) — (9)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 10 $ 21 $ 31

(In millions) Corporate and other bonds Asset-backed Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2020 $ — $ — $ —
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Impact of adopting ASC 326 6 — 6
For securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded 62 12 74
For available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets 3 — 3
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized) 15 — 15
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis 1 — 1
Write-offs charged against the allowance — — —
Recoveries of amounts previously written off — — —
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period (21) 1 (20)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 34 $ 13 $ 47

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The components of available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:									Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	—	$	4	$	5	$	94	Corporate and other bonds	$	24	$	—	$	53	$	5
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	11		1		11		14		Asset-backed	1		11		2		11
Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	$	11	$	5	$	16	$	108	Impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings	$	25	$	11	$	55	$	16

The Company also recognized ~~$3 million and $16~~$8 million of losses on mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2022 primarily due to changes in expected credit losses. There were no losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities.


September 30, 2021		Cost or Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses					Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022											September 30, 2022		Cost or Amortized Cost									Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses				Allowance for Credit Losses				Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Cost or Amortized Cost					Gross Unrealized Gains							Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses								Estimated Fair Value				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:										Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	21,608				$	2,967			$	42					$	10				$	24,523		Corporate and other bonds	$	23,082			$	231			$	2,398			$	—			$	20,915
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	10,384			1,610				15					—						11,979			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		9,244					259				1,080				—				8,423
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																					Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	3,176			89				6					—					3,259			Residential mortgage-backed		3,153				6				470				—				2,689
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	2,064			85				16					17					2,116			Commercial mortgage-backed		1,921				4				237				—				1,688
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	2,429			76				4					4					2,497			Other asset-backed		3,264				2				349				3				2,914
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	7,669			250				26					21					7,872			Total asset-backed		8,338				12				1,056				3				7,291
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	139			1				4					—					136			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises		107				3				1				—				109
Foreign government	Foreign government	521			19				2					—					538			Foreign government		544				2				48				—				498

Redeemable preferred stock	Redeemable preferred stock	12			—				—					—					12			Redeemable preferred stock		3				—				—				—				3
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	40,333			4,847				89					31					45,060			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		41,318				507				4,583				3				37,239
Total fixed maturity securities trading	Total fixed maturity securities trading	9			—				—					—					9			Total fixed maturity securities trading		12				—				—				—				12
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	40,342		$	4,847			$	89				$	31				$	45,069		Total fixed maturity securities		$	41,330			$	507			$	4,583			$	3			$	37,251


December 31, 2020		Cost or Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses					Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2021											December 31, 2021		Cost or Amortized Cost									Gross Unrealized Gains					Gross Unrealized Losses				Allowance for Credit Losses				Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Cost or Amortized Cost					Gross Unrealized Gains							Gross Unrealized Losses					Allowance for Credit Losses								Estimated Fair Value				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:										Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	20,792				$	3,578			$	22					$	23				$	24,325		Corporate and other bonds	$	21,444			$	2,755			$	56			$	11			$	24,132
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	9,729			1,863				—					—						11,592			States, municipalities and political subdivisions		10,358					1,599				14				—				11,943
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																					Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	3,442			146				1					—					3,587			Residential mortgage-backed		2,893				71				8				—				2,956
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	1,933			93				42					17					1,967			Commercial mortgage-backed		1,987				63				19				—				2,031
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	2,179			81				9					—					2,251			Other asset-backed		2,561				54				10				7				2,598
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	7,554			320				52					17					7,805			Total asset-backed		7,441				188				37				7				7,585
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	339			2				3					—					338			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises		132				1				3				—				130
Foreign government	Foreign government	512			32				—					—					544			Foreign government		570				15				2				—				583
Redeemable preferred stock	Redeemable preferred stock	—			—				—					—					—			Redeemable preferred stock		—				—				—				—				—
Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	38,926			5,795				77					40					44,604			Total fixed maturity securities available-for-sale		39,945				4,558				112				18				44,373
Total fixed maturity securities trading	Total fixed maturity securities trading	27			—				—					—					27			Total fixed maturity securities trading		7				—				—				—				7
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	$	38,953		$	5,795			$	77				$	40				$	44,631		Total fixed maturity securities		$	39,952			$	4,558			$	112			$	18			$	44,380

The net unrealized gains and losses on investments included in the tables above are recorded as a component of ~~Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI).~~AOCI. When presented in AOCI, these amounts are net of tax and any required Shadow Adjustments. To the extent ~~that~~there are unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting the reserves of certain products within the Life & Group segment that would result in a premium deficiency, or would impact the reserve balance if realized, a related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded ~~net of tax,~~ as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax, through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments). As of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the net unrealized gains and losses on investments included in AOCI were correspondingly reduced by Shadow Adjustments of ~~$2,481~~$46 million and ~~$2,773~~$2,477 million.

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The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by the length of time in which the securities have continuously been in that position.


		Less than 12 Months							12 Months or Longer										Total								Less than 12 Months									12 Months or Longer								Total
September 30, 2021		Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses					Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2022											September 30, 2022		Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	(In millions)			Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses								Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:													Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	1,853				$	37			$	88				$	5					$			1,941				$	42		Corporate and other bonds		$	16,707		$	2,117			$	914			$	281		$	17,621	$	2,398
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	885			15				—					—					885				15			States, municipalities and political subdivisions	4,793						1,029			128				51				4,921			1,080
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																									Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	1,295			6				—					—					1,295				6			Residential mortgage-backed	2,582						462			17				8				2,599			470
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	317			4				194					12					511				16			Commercial mortgage-backed	1,372						194			233				43				1,605			237
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	439			3				58					1					497				4			Other asset-backed	2,433						307			233				42				2,666			349
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	2,051			13				252					13					2,303				26			Total asset-backed	6,387						963			483				93				6,870			1,056
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	65			4				1					—					66				4			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	61						1			—				—				61			1
Foreign government	Foreign government	73			2				—					—					73				2			Foreign government	446						42			25				6				471			48
Total	Total	$	4,927		$	71			$	341				$	18				$	5,268			$	89		Total	$	28,394					$	4,152		$	1,550			$	431			$	29,944		$	4,583


		Less than 12 Months							12 Months or Longer										Total								Less than 12 Months									12 Months or Longer								Total
December 31, 2020		Estimated Fair Value			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses					Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2021											December 31, 2021		Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value				Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)	(In millions)			Estimated Fair Value							Gross Unrealized Losses							Estimated Fair Value					Gross Unrealized Losses								Estimated Fair Value								Gross Unrealized Losses				(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:	Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:													Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	609				$	21			$	12				$	1					$			621				$	22		Corporate and other bonds		$	2,389		$	48			$	136			$	8		$	2,525	$	56
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	33			—				—					—					33				—			States, municipalities and political subdivisions	730						14			—				—				730			14
Asset-backed:	Asset-backed:																									Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	Residential mortgage-backed	71			1				11					—					82				1			Residential mortgage-backed	1,043						8			—				—				1,043			8
Commercial mortgage-backed	Commercial mortgage-backed	533			40				28					2					561				42			Commercial mortgage-backed	527						7			167				12				694			19
Other asset-backed	Other asset-backed	344			9				13					—					357				9			Other asset-backed	840						10			62				—				902			10
Total asset-backed	Total asset-backed	948			50				52					2					1,000				52			Total asset-backed	2,410						25			229				12				2,639			37
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	63			3				—					—					63				3			U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises	69						3			5				—				74			3
Foreign government	Foreign government	13			—				—					—					13				—			Foreign government	97						2			—				—				97			2
Total	Total	$	1,666		$	74			$	64				$	3				$	1,730			$	77		Total	$	5,695					$	92		$	370			$	20			$	6,065		$	112

Table of Contents

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,360	$	360	$	898	$	8
AAA	1,566		318		368		6
AA	4,430		917		875		17
A	6,548		838		1,516		23
BBB	13,394		1,902		1,812		42
Non-investment grade	1,646		248		596		16
Total	$	29,944	$	4,583	$	6,065	$	112

Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company believes the unrealized losses presented in the September 30, ~~2021~~2022 securities in a gross unrealized loss position ~~table~~tables above are not indicative of the ultimate ~~collectability~~collectibility of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates and a general market widening of credit spreads. In reaching this determination, the Company considered the recent volatility in risk-free rates and credit spreads ~~and other factors. The~~as well as the fact that its unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers. Additionally, the Company has no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, the Company has determined that there are no additional impairment losses to be recorded as of September 30, ~~2021.~~

2022.

Table of Contents

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (PCD) assets. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $401 million, $369 million and $387 million as of September 30, 2022, December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2021 and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables included within this Note.


(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2022	$	—	$	5	$	5
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	—		—		—

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—

Write-offs charged against the allowance	—		—		—


Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		(2)		(2)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	—	$	3	$	3


(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2021	$	24	$	21	$	45
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	2		—		2

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—

Write-offs charged against the allowance	16		—		16


Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		—		—
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	10	$	21	$	31

Table of Contents


(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	11	$	7	$	18
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—		—
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	—		3		3

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	—		—		—

Write-offs charged against the allowance	12		—		12


Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		(7)		(6)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	—	$	3	$	3


(In millions)	Corporate and other bonds		Asset-backed		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	23	$	17	$	40
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	14		—		14
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	4		4		8

Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6		—		6

Write-offs charged against the allowance	16		—		16


Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	(9)		—		(9)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	10	$	21	$	31

Table of Contents

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.


		September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020					September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In millions)	(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		(In millions)	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	1,648	$	1,656	$	1,456	$	1,458	Due in one year or less	$	952	$	948	$	1,603	$	1,624
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	10,776		11,517		12,304		13,098		Due after one year through five years	9,487		9,000		10,637		11,229
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	13,628		14,794		12,319		13,878		Due after five years through ten years	14,323		12,765		13,294		14,338
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	14,281		17,093		12,847		16,170		Due after ten years	16,556		14,526		14,411		17,182
Total	Total	$	40,333	$	45,060	$	38,926	$	44,604	Total	$	41,318	$	37,239	$	39,945	$	44,373

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds an embedded derivative on a funds withheld liability with a notional value of ~~$272~~ $220 million and ~~$190~~$270 million and a fair value of ~~$(11)~~$1 million an~~d $(19)~~ and $(12) million as of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The embedded derivative on the funds withheld liability is accounted for separately and reported with the funds withheld liability in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investment Commitments

As part of its overall investment strategy, the Company invests in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications, and obligations related to private placement securities. As of September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company had commitments to purchase or fund approximately ~~$1,250~~$1,595 million and sell approximately ~~$55~~$100 million under the terms of these investments.

1618

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Mortgage Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (DSCR) and loan-to-value ratios (LTV).


September 30, 2021		Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
September 30, 2022																September 30, 2022	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		(In millions)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
DSCR ≥1.6x	DSCR ≥1.6x															DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	$	8	$	75	$	16	$	37	$	116	$	203	$	455	LTV less than 55%	$	9	$	13	$	112	$	29	$	54	$	275	$	492
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	—		38		15		18		—		1		72		LTV 55% to 65%	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	17		—		14		7		—		23		61		LTV greater than 65%	18		11		—		—		—		—		29
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x	DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x															DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	13		15		95		—		5		58		186		LTV less than 55%	5		49		18		56		10		42		180
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	25		—		—		24		10		4		63		LTV 55% to 65%	87		—		20		—		—		8		115
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	—		24		9		—		8		—		41		LTV greater than 65%	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
DSCR ≤1.2	DSCR ≤1.2															DSCR ≤1.2
LTV less than 55%	LTV less than 55%	—		—		35		—		30		—		65		LTV less than 55%	—		—		—		57		—		—		57
LTV 55% to 65%	LTV 55% to 65%	—		—		42		—		—		—		42		LTV 55% to 65%	—		21		—		44		—		—		65
LTV greater than 65%	LTV greater than 65%	—		9		56		—		—		7		72		LTV greater than 65%	10		—		—		22		—		7		39
Total	Total	$	63	$	161	$	282	$	86	$	169	$	296	$	1,057	Total	$	129	$	94	$	150	$	208	$	64	$	332	$	977

(1) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

As of September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, accrued interest receivable on mortgage loans totaled $4$3 million and is excluded from the amortized cost basis disclosed in the table above and the estimate of expected credit losses.

1719

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Note D. Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1, as these are the most transparent or reliable.

Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3 - Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.

Prices may fall within Level 1, 2 or 3 depending upon the methodology and inputs used to estimate fair value for each specific security. In general, the Company seeks to price securities using third-party pricing services. Securities not priced by pricing services are submitted to independent brokers for valuation and, if those are not available, internally developed pricing models are used to value assets using a methodology and inputs the Company believes market participants would use to value the assets. Prices obtained from third-party pricing services or brokers are not adjusted by the Company.

The Company performs control procedures over information obtained from pricing services and brokers to ensure prices received represent a reasonable estimate of fair value and to confirm representations regarding whether inputs are observable or unobservable. Procedures may include i) the review of pricing service methodologies or broker pricing qualifications, ii) back-testing, where past fair value estimates are compared to actual transactions executed in the market on similar dates, iii) exception reporting, where period-over-period changes in price are reviewed and challenged with the pricing service or broker based on exception criteria, and iv) deep dives, where the Company performs an independent analysis of the inputs and assumptions used to price individual securities.

1820

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the U.S. Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.


September 30, 2021								Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
September 30, 2022										September 30, 2022							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value		(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets	Assets									Assets
Fixed maturity securities:	Fixed maturity securities:									Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	Corporate bonds and other	$	146	$	24,195	$	877	$	25,218	Corporate bonds and other	$	118	$	20,617	$	802	$	21,537
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		11,922		57		11,979		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		8,381		42		8,423
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	—		7,394		478		7,872		Asset-backed	—		6,575		716		7,291
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	146		43,511		1,412		45,069		Total fixed maturity securities	118		35,573		1,560		37,251
Equity securities:	Equity securities:									Equity securities:
Common stock	Common stock	209		—		19		228		Common stock	180		—		30		210
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	67		745		5		817		Non-redeemable preferred stock	56		625		—		681
Total equity securities	Total equity securities	276		745		24		1,045		Total equity securities	236		625		30		891
Short term and other	Short term and other	992		—		—		992		Short term and other	895		34		—		929
Total assets	Total assets	$	1,414	$	44,256	$	1,436	$	47,106	Total assets	$	1,249	$	36,232	$	1,590	$	39,071
Liabilities	Liabilities									Liabilities
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	Other liabilities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)
Total liabilities	Total liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	Total liabilities	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)

December 31, 2020 Total
Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value
(In millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other $ 355 $ 24,109 $ 770 $ 25,234
States, municipalities and political subdivisions — 11,546 46 11,592
Asset-backed — 7,497 308 7,805
Total fixed maturity securities 355 43,152 1,124 44,631
Equity securities:
Common stock 175 — 20 195
Non-redeemable preferred stock 68 722 7 797
Total equity securities 243 722 27 992
Short term and other 1,761 28 — 1,789
Total assets $ 2,359 $ 43,902 $ 1,151 $ 47,412
Liabilities
Other liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ 19
Total liabilities $ — $ 19 $ — $ 19


December 31, 2021							Total Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
(In millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	140	$	23,775	$	937	$	24,852
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		11,887		56		11,943
Asset-backed	—		7,029		556		7,585
Total fixed maturity securities	140		42,691		1,549		44,380
Equity securities:
Common stock	220		—		13		233
Non-redeemable preferred stock	65		721		16		802
Total equity securities	285		721		29		1,035
Short term and other	1,798		74		—		1,872
Total assets	$	2,223	$	43,486	$	1,578	$	47,287
Liabilities
Other liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12
Total liabilities	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12

1921

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The tables below present a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and other States, municipalities and political subdivisions Asset-backed Equity securities Total
Balance as of July 1, 2021 $ 883 $ 57 $ 410 $ 25 $ 1,375
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses) 1 — — (3) (2)
Reported in Net investment income — — 1 1 2
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) 1 — 1 — 2
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) 2 — 2 (2) 2
Purchases 55 — 83 1 139
Sales — — (9) (11) (20)
Settlements (11) — (11) — (22)
Transfers into Level 3 — — 41 11 52
Transfers out of Level 3 (52) — (38) — (90)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 877 $ 57 $ 478 $ 24 $ 1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period $ — $ — $ — $ (3) $ (3)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period 2 — — — 2

Level 3
(In millions)
Corporate bonds and other States, municipalities and political subdivisions Asset-backed Equity securities Total
Balance as of July 1, 2020 $ 555 $ — $ 222 $ 11 $ 788
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses) — — — — —
Reported in Net investment income — — — — —
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) 5 — 9 — 14
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) 5 — 9 — 14
Purchases 129 45 20 12 206
Sales — — — — —
Settlements (3) — (14) — (17)
Transfers into Level 3 8 — — — 8
Transfers out of Level 3 — — (2) — (2)
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 694 $ 45 $ 235 $ 23 $ 997
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2020 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2020 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period 5 — 8 — 13


Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of July 1, 2022	$	846	$	46	$	641	$	47	$	1,580
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		2		(3)		(1)
Reported in Net investment income	1		—		5		(4)		2
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(50)		(4)		(38)		—		(92)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(49)		(4)		(31)		(7)		(91)
Purchases	9		—		116		—		125
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	(4)		—		(14)		—		(18)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		47		—		47
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(43)		(10)		(53)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	802	$	42	$	716	$	30	$	1,590
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(7)	$	(7)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	(51)		(4)		(38)		—		(93)


Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of July 1, 2021	$	883	$	57	$	410	$	25	$	1,375
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	1		—		—		(3)		(2)
Reported in Net investment income	—		—		1		1		2
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	1		—		1		—		2
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	2		—		2		(2)		2
Purchases	55		—		83		1		139
Sales	—		—		(9)		(11)		(20)
Settlements	(11)		—		(11)		—		(22)
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		41		11		52
Transfers out of Level 3	(52)		—		(38)		—		(90)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	877	$	57	$	478	$	24	$	1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3)	$	(3)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	2		—		—		—		2

Table of Contents


Level 3 (In millions)	Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total		Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021		$	770	$	46	$	308	$	27	$	1,151
Balance as of January 1, 2022												Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	937	$	56	$	556	$	29	$	1,578
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):											Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(9)		—		—		(2)		(11)		Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(2)		—		7		(6)		(1)
Reported in Net investment income	Reported in Net investment income	—		—		4		2		6		Reported in Net investment income	1		—		11		(1)		11
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(23)		—		(4)		—		(27)		Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(203)		(14)		(122)		—		(339)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(32)		—		—		—		(32)		Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(204)		(14)		(104)		(7)		(329)
Purchases	Purchases	219		12		197		1		429		Purchases	127		—		348		12		487
Sales	Sales	(3)		—		(9)		(15)		(27)		Sales	(5)		—		(2)		(3)		(10)
Settlements	Settlements	(35)		(1)		(38)		—		(74)		Settlements	(63)		—		(54)		9		(108)
Transfers into Level 3	Transfers into Level 3	10		—		71		11		92		Transfers into Level 3	10		—		66		—		76
Transfers out of Level 3	Transfers out of Level 3	(52)		—		(51)		—		(103)		Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(94)		(10)		(104)
Balance as of September 30, 2021		$	877	$	57	$	478	$	24	$	1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period		(22)		—		(5)		—		(27)
Balance as of September 30, 2022												Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	802	$	42	$	716	$	30	$	1,590
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(8)	$	(8)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2022 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	(203)		(14)		(121)		—		(338)


Level 3 (In millions)	Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total		Level 3 (In millions)	Corporate bonds and other		States, municipalities and political subdivisions		Asset-backed		Equity securities		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2020		$	468	$	—	$	165	$	18	$	651
Balance as of January 1, 2021												Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	770	$	46	$	308	$	27	$	1,151
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):											Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses):
Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		(4)		(4)		Reported in Net investment gains (losses)	(9)		—		—		(2)		(11)
Reported in Net investment income	Reported in Net investment income	—		—		—		(3)		(3)		Reported in Net investment income	—		—		4		2		6
Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	27		—		18		—		45		Reported in Other comprehensive income (loss)	(23)		—		(4)		—		(27)
Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	27		—		18		(7)		38		Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(32)		—		—		—		(32)
Purchases	Purchases	200		45		100		12		357		Purchases	219		12		197		1		429
Sales	Sales	—		—		(9)		—		(9)		Sales	(3)		—		(9)		(15)		(27)
Settlements	Settlements	(9)		—		(22)		—		(31)		Settlements	(35)		(1)		(38)		—		(74)
Transfers into Level 3	Transfers into Level 3	8		—		—		—		8		Transfers into Level 3	10		—		71		11		92
Transfers out of Level 3	Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(17)		—		(17)		Transfers out of Level 3	(52)		—		(51)		—		(103)
Balance as of September 30, 2020		$	694	$	45	$	235	$	23	$	997
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2020 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(7)	$	(7)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2020 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period		29		—		19		—		48
Balance as of September 30, 2021												Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	877	$	57	$	478	$	24	$	1,436
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Net income (loss) in the period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	$	(1)
Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period												Unrealized gains (losses) on Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2021 recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) in the period	(22)		—		(5)		—		(27)

Securities may be transferred in or out of levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the availability of observable market information and quoted prices used to determine the fair value of the security. The availability of observable market information and quoted prices varies based on market conditions and trading volume.

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Valuation Methodologies and Inputs

The following section describes the valuation methodologies and relevant inputs used to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the instruments are generally classified.

Fixed Maturity Securities

Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and exchange traded bonds, valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities include most other fixed maturity securities as the significant inputs are observable in the marketplace. All classes of Level 2 fixed maturity securities are valued using a methodology based on information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, a discounted cash flow methodology, or a combination of both when necessary. Common inputs for all classes of fixed maturity securities include prices from recently executed transactions of similar securities, marketplace quotes, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, interest rates and U.S. Treasury or swap curves. Specifically for asset-backed securities, key inputs include prepayment and default projections based on past performance of the underlying collateral and current market data. Fixed maturity securities are primarily assigned to Level 3 in cases where broker/dealer quotes are significant inputs to the valuation and there is a lack of transparency as to whether these quotes are based on information that is observable in the marketplace. Level 3 securities also include private placement debt securities whose fair value is determined using internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Equity Securities

Level 1 equity securities include publicly traded securities valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 securities are primarily valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions and other pricing models utilizing market observable inputs. Level 3 securities are primarily priced using broker/dealer quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable.

Short Term and Other Invested Assets

Securities that are actively traded or have quoted prices are classified as Level 1. These securities include money market funds and treasury bills. Level 2 primarily includes ~~commercial paper,~~non-U.S. government securities, for which all inputs are market observable. Fixed maturity securities purchased within one year of maturity are classified consistent with fixed maturity securities discussed above. Short term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because certain short term investments, such as time deposits, are not measured at fair value.

As of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, there were $65 million and ~~$71~~$74 million of overseas deposits within Other invested assets, which can be redeemed at net asset value in 90 days or less. Overseas deposits are excluded from the fair value hierarchy because their fair value is recorded using the net asset value per share (or equivalent) practical expedient.

Derivative Financial Investments

The embedded derivative on funds withheld liability is valued ~~using~~based on the ~~change in fair value~~unrealized gain or loss position of the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which are fixed maturity securities primarily valued with observable inputs.

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Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to the Company. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

September 30, 2022

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range
(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

1,111

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 11% (3%)

December 31, 2021

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range
(Weighted Average)

Fixed maturity securities

~~1,154~~1,225

Discounted cash flow

Credit spread

1% - 7% (2%)

~~December 31, 2020~~

Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)

~~Valuation Technique(s)~~

~~Unobservable Input(s)~~

Range
(Weighted Average)

~~Fixed maturity securities~~

~~966~~

~~Discounted cash flow~~

~~Credit spread~~

~~1% - 8% (3%~~)

For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables.


September 30, 2021		Carrying Amount			Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022														September 30, 2022		Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total			(In millions)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets	Assets																Assets
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	$	1,031		$	—		$	—		$	1,106		$	1,106			Mortgage loans		$	953			$	—		$	—		$	880		$	880
Liabilities	Liabilities																Liabilities
Long term debt	Long term debt	$	2,778		$	—		$	3,027		$	—		$	3,027		Long term debt		$	2,780			$	—		$	2,563		$	—		$	2,563


December 31, 2020		Carrying Amount			Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2021														December 31, 2021		Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)	(In millions)			Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total			(In millions)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets	Assets																Assets
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	$	1,068		$	—		$	—		$	1,151		$	1,151			Mortgage loans		$	973			$	—		$	—		$	1,018		$	1,018

Liabilities	Liabilities																Liabilities
Long term debt	Long term debt	$	2,776		$	—		$	3,148		$	—		$	3,148		Long term debt		$	2,779			$	—		$	2,978		$	—		$	2,978

The carrying amounts reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for Cash, Short term investments not carried at fair value, Accrued investment income and certain Other assets and Other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items. These assets and liabilities are not listed in the tables above.

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Note E. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves and Future Policy Benefit Reserves

Property and casualty insurance claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims as of the reporting date. The Company's reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, the Company's experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, including inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers' compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the Company's ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in ~~the Company's~~our results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $114 million and $171 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily related to severe weather related events. Catastrophe losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $87 million for Hurricane Ian. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $178 million and $357 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included $114 million for Hurricane Ida. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricane Ida and Winter Storms Uri and Viola. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $160 million and $536 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Net catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricanes Laura, Isaias and Sally, and the Midwest derecho. Net catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $273 million related primarily to severe weather related events, $195 million related to the COVID-19 pandemic and $68 million related to civil unrest.

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Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group segment.


For the nine months ended September 30	For the nine months ended September 30					For the nine months ended September 30
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021
Reserves, beginning of year:	Reserves, beginning of year:					Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	Gross	$	22,706	$	21,720	Gross	$	24,174	$	22,706
Ceded	Ceded	4,005		3,835		Ceded	4,969		4,005
Net reserves, beginning of year	Net reserves, beginning of year	18,701		17,885		Net reserves, beginning of year	19,205		18,701
Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer	Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer	(632)		—		Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer	—		(632)
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:	Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:					Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	Provision for insured events of current year	4,474		4,425		Provision for insured events of current year	4,638		4,474
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	(130)		(68)		Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	(144)		(130)
Amortization of discount	Amortization of discount	137		143		Amortization of discount	131		137
Total net incurred (1)	Total net incurred (1)	4,481		4,500		Total net incurred (1)	4,625		4,481
Net payments attributable to:	Net payments attributable to:					Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	Current year events	(629)		(556)		Current year events	(523)		(629)
Prior year events	Prior year events	(2,874)		(3,285)		Prior year events	(3,371)		(2,874)
Total net payments	Total net payments	(3,503)		(3,841)		Total net payments	(3,894)		(3,503)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	(51)		39		Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	(383)		(51)
Net reserves, end of period	Net reserves, end of period	18,996		18,583		Net reserves, end of period	19,553		18,996
Ceded reserves, end of period	Ceded reserves, end of period	4,836		3,951		Ceded reserves, end of period	5,147		4,836
Gross reserves, end of period	Gross reserves, end of period	$	23,832	$	22,534	Gross reserves, end of period	$	24,700	$	23,832

(1) Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, the loss on the Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer, uncollectible reinsurance and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development (development). These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty	Specialty	$	(15)	$	(16)	$	(40)	$	(47)	Specialty	$	(15)	$	(15)	$	(35)	$	(40)
Commercial	Commercial	2		1		2		(8)		Commercial	(2)		2		(26)		2
International	International	3		—		2		(3)		International	—		3		(5)		2
Corporate & Other	Corporate & Other	—		—		40		50		Corporate & Other	—		—		64		40
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(10)	$	(15)	$	4	$	(8)	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(17)	$	(10)	$	(2)	$	4

Unfavorable development of $64 million was recorded within the Corporate & Other segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 largely associated with legacy mass tort abuse claims, including the recent Diocese of Rochester proposed settlement. Unfavorable development of $40 ~~million and $50~~ million was recorded within the Corporate & Other segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 ~~and 2020~~ due to ~~higher than expected emergence in~~legacy mass tort exposures, ~~in older accident years~~ primarily related to abuse.

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Specialty

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability	Medical Professional Liability	$	8	$	25	$	16	$	35	Medical Professional Liability	$	8	$	8	$	17	$	16
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	—		—		10		(6)		Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	9		—		22		10
Surety	Surety	(15)		(40)		(53)		(70)		Surety	(20)		(15)		(48)		(53)
Warranty	Warranty	(6)		—		(14)		(3)		Warranty	(13)		(6)		(22)		(14)
Other	Other	(2)		(1)		1		(3)		Other	1		(2)		(4)		1
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(15)	$	(16)	$	(40)	$	(47)	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(15)	$	(15)	$	(35)	$	(40)

Three Months

2022

Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.

Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.

2021

Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.

~~2020~~Nine Months

2022

Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was ~~primarily~~ due to higher than expected ~~frequency of~~ large ~~losses~~loss activity in recent accident ~~years~~years.

Unfavorable development in other professional liability and ~~unfavorable development on a latent~~management liability was due to higher than expected claim ~~for an older~~severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber and professional errors and omissions businesses in multiple accident ~~year.~~years.

Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity ~~for~~in recent accident ~~years 2019 and prior.~~years.

~~Nine Months~~Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.

2021

Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was due to higher than expected frequency of large losses in recent accident years.

Unfavorable development in other professional liability and management liability was due to higher than expected claim severity and frequency in the Company’s cyber business in recent accident years.

Favorable development in surety was primarily due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity in recent accident years.

Favorable development in warranty was due to lower than expected loss emergence in a recent accident year.

~~2020~~

Unfavorable development in medical professional liability was primarily due to higher than expected frequency of large losses in recent accident years, unfavorable development on a latent claim for an older accident year and unfavorable outcomes on specific claims in accident years 2015 and 2016 in the Company's aging services business.

~~Favorable development in surety was due to lower than expected frequency and lack of systemic activity for accident years 2019 and prior.~~

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Commercial

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial Auto	Commercial Auto	$	—	$	9	$	30	$	33	Commercial Auto	$	—	$	—	$	21	$	30
General Liability	General Liability	—		15		—		15		General Liability	—		—		41		—
Workers' Compensation	Workers' Compensation	2		(23)		(40)		(97)		Workers' Compensation	(2)		2		(86)		(40)
Property and Other	Property and Other	—		—		12		41		Property and Other	—		—		(2)		12
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	2	$	1	$	2	$	(8)	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(2)	$	2	$	(26)	$	2

~~Three~~Nine Months

~~2020~~2022

Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s construction business in multiple accident years.

Unfavorable development in general liability was ~~primarily~~ due to ~~increased bodily injury severities in accident years 2012 through 2016 and~~ higher than expected ~~frequency and~~claim severity in ~~the Company’s umbrella~~construction, middle market and small business inacross multiple accident ~~years 2015 through 2019.~~years.

Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.

~~Nine Months~~

2021

Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s construction and middle market businesses in recent accident years.

Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.

Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company’s marine business in multiple accident years.

~~2020~~

~~Unfavorable development in commercial auto was due to unfavorable claim severity in the Company's middle market and construction businesses in accident years 2017 through 2019.~~

Unfavorable development in general liability was driven by increased bodily injury severities in accident years 2012 through 2016 and higher than expected frequency and severity in the Company’s umbrella business in accident years 2015 through 2019.

~~Favorable development in workers’ compensation was due to favorable medical trends driving lower than expected severity in multiple accident years.~~

Unfavorable development in property and other was primarily due to higher than expected large loss activity in the Company's middle market, national accounts and marine business units in accident year 2019.

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International

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021 (1)		2022		2021 (1)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:	Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:									Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Casualty		$	(4)	$	(5)	$	(3)	$	(11)
Property, Energy and Marine		(14)		9		(17)		10
Commercial										Commercial	$	—	$	(21)	$	(4)	$	(24)
Specialty	Specialty	21		(4)		22		(2)		Specialty	—		23		(1)		25
Other										Other	—		1		—		1
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	3	$	—	$	2	$	(3)	Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	—	$	3	$	(5)	$	2

(1) Effective December 31, 2021 the International lines of business were consolidated to align with domestic operations. Prior period information has been conformed to the new line of business presentation.

Three Months

2021

Favorable development in ~~property, energy and marine~~commercial was due to lower than expected loss emergence across multiple accident years.

Unfavorable development in specialty was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s medical treatment business.

Nine Months

2021

Favorable development in ~~property, energy and marine~~commercial was due to lower than expected loss emergence across multiple accident years.

Unfavorable development in specialty was due to higher than expected claim severity in the Company’s medical treatment business.

~~2020~~

~~Favorable development in casualty was primarily driven by better than expected loss experience across Europe and Canada in multiple accident years.~~

Unfavorable development in property, energy and marine was driven by adverse attritional and large loss experience on discontinued lines, primarily in the Company’s construction and renewable energy business in recent accident years.

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Asbestos & Environmental Pollution (A&EP) Reserves

In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (CCC) together with several of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (NICO), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of the Company’s legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT). At the effective date of the transaction, the Company ceded approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third-party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third-party reinsurance related to these liabilities. The Company paid NICO a reinsurance premium of $2 billion and transferred to NICO billed third-party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.

In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, the Company recognized adverse prior year development on its A&EP reserves resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which the Company recognizes a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The impact of the LPT on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was the recognition of a retroactive reinsurance benefit of $8$17 million and $9$8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and ~~2020~~$40 million and $30 ~~million and $43~~ million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. As of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were ~~$3.3~~$3.4 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was ~~$368~~$389 million and ~~$398~~$429 million as of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020~~2021 and is included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company. The fair value of the collateral trust account was ~~$2.9~~$2.3 billion as of September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to the majority of the Company’s A&EP claims.

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~~Excess Workers' Compensation LPT~~

On February 5, 2021, CCC completed a transaction with Cavello Bay Reinsurance Limited (Cavello), a subsidiary of Enstar Group Limited, under which certain legacy excess workers’ compensation (EWC) liabilities were ceded to Cavello. Under the terms of the transaction, based on reserves in place as of January 1, 2020, the Company ceded approximately $690 million of net EWC claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves to Cavello under an LPT with an aggregate limit of $1 billion. The Company paid Cavello a reinsurance premium of $697 million, less claims paid between January 1, 2020 and the closing date of the agreement of $64 million. After transaction costs, the Company recognized an after-tax loss of approximately $12 million in the Corporate & Other segment in the first quarter of 2021 related to the EWC LPT.

~~As of September 30, 2021, the cumulative amount ceded under the EWC LPT was $690 million.~~

~~Cavello established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations to the Company, which will be maintained at 105% of outstanding reserves.~~

Credit Risk for Ceded Reserves

The majority of the Company’s outstanding voluntary reinsurance receivables are due from reinsurers with financial strength ratings of A- or higher. Receivables due from reinsurers with lower financial strength ratings are primarily due from captive reinsurers and are backed by collateral arrangements.

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Life & Group Policyholder Reserves

The Company’s Life & Group segment includes its run-off long term care business as well as structured settlement obligations not funded by annuities related to certain property and casualty claimants. Long term care policies provide benefits for nursing homes, assisted living facilities and home health care subject to various daily and lifetime caps. Generally, policyholders must continue to make periodic premium payments to keep the policy in force and the Company has the ability to increase policy premiums, subject to state regulatory approval.

The Company maintains both claim and claim adjustment expense reserves as well as future policy benefit reserves for policyholder benefits for the Life & Group segment. Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves consist of estimated reserves for long term care policyholders that are currently receiving benefits, including claims that have been incurred but are not yet reported. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for long term care policies, the Company’s actuaries perform a detailed claim reserve review on an annual basis. The review analyzes the sufficiency of existing reserves for policyholders currently on claim and includes an evaluation of expected benefit utilization and claim duration. In addition, claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are also maintained for the structured settlement obligations. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for structured settlement obligations, the Company's actuaries review mortality experience on an annual basis. The Company’s recorded claim and claim adjustment expense reserves reflect management's best estimate after incorporating the results of the most recent reviews.

The ~~Company completed its~~Company's most recent annual claim reserve reviews were completed in the third ~~quarters~~quarter of 2022. The long term care claim reserve review resulted in a $25 million pretax reduction in reserves driven by a $107 million favorable impact from the release of all remaining IBNR reserves established during 2020 and 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset by an $82 million unfavorable impact from higher claim severity, including utilization and cost of care inflation, than anticipated in the reserve estimates. The structured settlement claim reserve review resulted in a $5 million pretax reduction in reserves due to discount rate assumption changes. The Company's 2021 annual claim reserve reviews were completed in the third quarter of 2021 ~~and 2020~~ resulting in a $40 million ~~and $37 million~~ pretax ~~reductions~~reduction in long term care reserves primarily due to lower claim severity than anticipated in the reserve estimates and a $2 million ~~and $46 million~~ pretax ~~increases~~increase in the structured settlement claim reserves primarily due to lower discount rate assumptions and mortality assumption changes.

Future policy benefit reserves consist of active life reserves related to the Company’s long term care policies for policyholders that are not currently receiving benefits and represent the present value of expected future benefit payments and expenses less expected future premium. The determination of these reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected investment and policyholder experience over the life of the contract. Since many of these contracts may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk.

The actuarial assumptions that management believes are subject to the most variability are morbidity, persistency, discount rates and anticipated future premium rate increases. Morbidity is the frequency and severity of injury, illness, sickness and diseases contracted. Persistency is the percentage of policies remaining in force and can be affected by policy lapses, benefit reductions and death. Discount rates are influenced by the investment yield on assets supporting long term care reserves which is subject to interest rate and market volatility and may also be affected by changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Future premium rate increases are generally subject to regulatory approval, and therefore the exact timing and size of the approved rate increases are unknown. As a result of this variability, the Company’s long term care reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to the Company’s expectations.

Annually, in the third quarter, management assesses the adequacy of its long term care future policy benefit reserves by performing a gross premium valuation (GPV) to determine if there is a premium deficiency. Under the GPV, management estimates required reserves using best estimate assumptions as of the date of the assessment without provisions for adverse deviation. The GPV required reserves are then compared to the existing recorded reserves. If the GPV required reserves are greater than the existing recorded reserves, the existing assumptions are unlocked and future policy benefit reserves are increased to the greater amount. Any such increase is reflected in the Company’s results of operations in the period in which the need for such

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adjustment is determined. If the GPV required reserves are less than the existing recorded reserves, assumptions remain locked in and no adjustment is ~~required.~~made.

The GPV for the long term care future policy benefit reserves, performed in the third ~~quarter~~quarters of 2022 and 2021, indicated recorded reserves included a pretax margin of approximately $125 million and $72 million as of September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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The GPV for the long term care future policy benefit reserves, performed in the third quarter of 2020, indicated a premium deficiency primarily driven by lower discount rate assumptions. Recognition of the premium deficiency resulted in a $74 million pretax increase in policyholders' benefits reflected in the Company's results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Note F. Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees

The Company is a party to various claims and litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, are not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.

~~Data Breach-related Contingency~~

As previously disclosed, the Company sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware. The Company’s investigation revealed that an unauthorized third party copied some personal information relating to certain current and former employees, contractor workers and their dependents and certain other persons, including some policyholders. In July 2021, we provided notifications to the impacted individuals and to regulators, in accordance with applicable law. The Company may be subject to subsequent investigations, fines or penalties, as well as other legal claims and actions, related to the foregoing. The likelihood is reasonably possible, but the amount of such fines, penalties or costs, if any, cannot be estimated at this time.

Guarantees

The Company has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.6 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

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Note G. Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are presented in the following table.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)	Net periodic pension cost (benefit)									Net periodic pension cost (benefit)
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	15	$	20	$	46	$	60	Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	17	$	15	$	50	$	46
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets	(38)		(38)		(115)		(116)		Expected return on plan assets	(38)		(38)		(114)		(115)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	12		11		35		33		Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	8		12		23		35
Settlement loss	Settlement loss	—		—		1		2		Settlement loss	—		—		—		1
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(11)	$	(7)	$	(33)	$	(21)	Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(13)	$	(11)	$	(41)	$	(33)

The following table indicates the line items in which the non-service cost (benefit) is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Insurance claims and policyholder's benefits $ (3) $ (2) $ (9) $ (6)
Other operating expenses (8) (5) (24) (15)
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit) $ (11) $ (7) $ (33) $ (21)


Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits	$	(3)	$	(3)	$	(11)	$	(9)
Other operating expenses	(10)		(8)		(30)		(24)
Total net periodic pension cost (benefit)	$	(13)	$	(11)	$	(41)	$	(33)

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Note H. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component

The tables below display the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of July 1, 2022	$	(8)	$	(1,918)	$	(592)	$	(195)	$	(2,713)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—		(1,429)		—		(103)		(1,532)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $11, $2, $— and $13	2		(102)		(6)		—		(106)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $370, $(2), $— and $369	(2)		(1,327)		6		(103)		(1,426)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	(10)	$	(3,245)	$	(586)	$	(298)	$	(4,139)


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of July 1, 2021	$	—	$	1,418	$	(829)	$	(80)	$	509
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—		(121)		(1)		(33)		(155)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $(5), $2, $— and $(3)	—		17		(9)		—		8
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $37, $(2), $— and $35	—		(138)		8		(33)		(163)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	—	$	1,280	$	(821)	$	(113)	$	346

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of July 1, 2020 $ (9) $ 1,172 $ (815) $ (194) $ 154
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 2 231 (2) 37 268
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(7), $2, $— and $(4) (4) 24 (9) — 11
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $(56), $(3), $— and $(60) 6 207 7 37 257
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ (3) $ 1,379 $ (808) $ (157) $ 411

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(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ — $ 1,745 $ (848) $ (94) $ 803
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (2) (391) (1) (19) (413)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(20), $7, $— and $(12) (2) 74 (28) — 44
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $124, $(7), $— and $117 — (465) 27 (19) (457)
Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ — $ 1,280 $ (821) $ (113) $ 346


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	(2)	$	1,039	$	(604)	$	(113)	$	320
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(5)		(4,401)		—		(185)		(4,591)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $(1), $15, $5, $— and $19	3		(117)		(18)		—		(132)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $2, $1,150, $(5), $— and $1,147	(8)		(4,284)		18		(185)		(4,459)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	(10)	$	(3,245)	$	(586)	$	(298)	$	(4,139)

(In millions) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments Pension and postretirement benefits Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment Total
Balance as of January 1, 2020 $ — $ 1,025 $ (833) $ (141) $ 51
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (48) 374 (3) (16) 307
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $12, $(5), $7, $— and $14 (45) 20 (28) — (53)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(92), $(7), $— and $(98) (3) 354 25 (16) 360
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ (3) $ 1,379 $ (808) $ (157) $ 411


(In millions)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses		Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments		Pension and postretirement benefits		Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021	$	—	$	1,745	$	(848)	$	(94)	$	803
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(2)		(391)		(1)		(19)		(413)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $1, $(20), $7, $— and $(12)	(2)		74		(28)		—		44
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax (expense) benefit of $—, $124, $(7), $— and $117	—		(465)		27		(19)		(457)
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	—	$	1,280	$	(821)	$	(113)	$	346

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:


Component of AOCI						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments						Net investment gains (losses)
Pension and postretirement benefits						Other operating expenses and Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits

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Note I. Business Segments

The Company's property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in 3three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. These 3three segments are collectively referred to as Property & Casualty Operations. The Company's operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in 2two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

Effective January 1, 2021, and in connection with the ceding of certain legacy reserves under a retroactive reinsurance agreement executed in February 2021, management changed the segment presentation of a legacy portfolio of excess workers’ compensation policies relating to business written in 2007 and prior. This business, which was previously reported as part of the Commercial business segment, is now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. Further information on this retroactive reinsurance agreement is provided in Note E. In addition, a determination was made to change the segment presentation of certain legacy mass tort reserves. Similar to the aforementioned excess workers’ compensation legacy business, these legacy mass tort reserves were previously reported in the Commercial business segment and are now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. These changes were made to better reflect the manner in which the Company is organized for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance. Prior period information has been conformed to the new segment presentation.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs, Goodwill and Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense and revenue are readily identifiable for individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense have been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.

In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio.

The performance of the Company's insurance operations is monitored by management through core income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk.

Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations.

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The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.

Three months ended September 30, 2021
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 773 $ 893 $ 271 $ 123 $ — $ (1) $ 2,059
Net investment income 116 141 14 240 2 — 513
Non-insurance warranty revenue 357 — — — — — 357
Other revenues 1 7 — (1) 2 (1) 8
Total operating revenues 1,247 1,041 285 362 4 (2) 2,937
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 446 720 171 296 (6) — 1,627
Policyholders’ dividends — 5 — — — — 5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 165 148 55 — — — 368
Non-insurance warranty expense 330 — — — — — 330
Other insurance related expenses 71 125 32 27 (1) (1) 253
Other expenses 13 8 4 1 37 (1) 62
Total claims, benefits and expenses 1,025 1,006 262 324 30 (2) 2,645
Core income (loss) before income tax 222 35 23 38 (26) — 292
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (49) (8) (6) 3 5 — (55)
Core income (loss) $ 173 $ 27 $ 17 $ 41 $ (21) $ — 237
Net investment gains (losses) 22
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (3)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 19
Net income (loss) $ 256

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Three months ended September 30, 2020
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 734 $ 857 $ 236 $ 127 $ — $ (1) $ 1,953
Net investment income 126 151 15 208 17 — 517
Non-insurance warranty revenue 317 — — — — — 317
Other revenues — 5 — — 1 — 6
Total operating revenues 1,177 1,013 251 335 18 (1) 2,793
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 433 671 150 363 (6) — 1,611
Policyholders’ dividends — 5 — — — — 5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 158 150 52 — — — 360
Non-insurance warranty expense 293 — — — — — 293
Other insurance related expenses 66 128 31 28 (1) (1) 251
Other expenses 14 7 (8) 3 34 — 50
Total claims, benefits and expenses 964 961 225 394 27 (1) 2,570
Core income (loss) before income tax 213 52 26 (59) (9) — 223
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (45) (11) 1 24 1 — (30)
Core income (loss) $ 168 $ 41 $ 27 $ (35) $ (8) $ — 193
Net investment gains (losses) 27
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (7)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 20
Net income (loss) $ 213

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Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 2,270 $ 2,629 $ 789 $ 369 $ — $ (1) $ 6,056
Net investment income 367 463 42 724 12 — 1,608
Non-insurance warranty revenue 1,054 — — — — — 1,054
Other revenues 1 17 1 (1) 5 (4) 19
Total operating revenues 3,692 3,109 832 1,092 17 (5) 8,737
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 1,312 1,947 485 899 23 — 4,666
Policyholders’ dividends 2 16 — — — — 18
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 478 449 157 — — — 1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense 973 — — — — — 973
Other insurance related expenses 212 376 106 77 9 (1) 779
Other expenses 36 28 (4) 5 119 (4) 180
Total claims, benefits and expenses 3,013 2,816 744 981 151 (5) 7,700
Core income (loss) before income tax 679 293 88 111 (134) — 1,037
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (148) (60) (21) 9 24 — (196)
Core income (loss) $ 531 $ 233 $ 67 $ 120 $ (110) $ — 841
Net investment gains (losses) 117
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (22)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 95
Net income (loss) $ 936

September 30, 2021
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables $ 1,153 $ 936 $ 347 $ 410 $ 2,503 $ — $ 5,349
Insurance receivables 1,087 1,422 313 5 2 — 2,829
Deferred acquisition costs 354 275 92 — — — 721
Goodwill 117 — 31 — — — 148
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense 3,418 — — — — — 3,418
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses 6,293 8,856 2,251 3,703 2,729 — 23,832
Unearned premiums 2,882 2,020 559 116 — — 5,577
Future policy benefits — — — 13,198 — — 13,198
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue 4,443 — — — — — 4,443

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Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Specialty
Commercial International Life &
Group Corporate
& Other
(In millions) Eliminations Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums $ 2,124 $ 2,470 $ 699 $ 380 $ — $ (1) $ 5,672
Net investment income 315 354 44 622 45 — 1,380
Non-insurance warranty revenue 926 — — — — — 926
Other revenues 1 18 — — 3 (3) 19
Total operating revenues 3,366 2,842 743 1,002 48 (4) 7,997
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 1,346 1,840 480 983 17 — 4,666
Policyholders’ dividends 2 15 — — — — 17
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 462 441 143 — — — 1,046
Non-insurance warranty expense 859 — — — — — 859
Other insurance related expenses 208 379 106 79 (2) (1) 769
Other expenses 37 25 3 6 109 (3) 177
Total claims, benefits and expenses 2,914 2,700 732 1,068 124 (4) 7,534
Core income (loss) before income tax 452 142 11 (66) (76) — 463
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss) (98) (29) 4 49 11 — (63)
Core income (loss) $ 354 $ 113 $ 15 $ (17) $ (65) $ — 400
Net investment gains (losses) (120)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) 23
Net investment gains (losses), after tax (97)
Net income (loss) $ 303

December 31, 2020
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables $ 886 $ 848 $ 302 $ 390 $ 2,052 $ — $ 4,478
Insurance receivables 1,052 1,254 328 4 2 — 2,640
Deferred acquisition costs 330 281 97 — — — 708
Goodwill 117 — 31 — — — 148
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense 3,068 — — — — — 3,068
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses 5,748 8,250 2,091 3,743 2,874 — 22,706
Unearned premiums 2,635 1,824 546 114 — — 5,119
Future policy benefits — — — 13,318 — — 13,318
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue 4,023 — — — — — 4,023

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~~The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.~~

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability $ 684 $ 668 $ 2,044 $ 1,881
Surety 157 153 454 444
Warranty & Alternative Risks 406 356 1,194 1,041
Specialty revenues 1,247 1,177 3,692 3,366
Commercial
Middle Market 363 379 1,119 1,069
Construction 345 298 978 823
Small Business 144 126 413 352
Other Commercial 189 210 599 598
Commercial revenues 1,041 1,013 3,109 2,842
International
Canada 87 73 253 214
Europe 123 96 349 282
Hardy 75 82 230 247
International revenues 285 251 832 743
Life & Group revenues 362 335 1,092 1,002
Corporate & Other revenues 4 18 17 48
Eliminations (2) (1) (5) (4)
Total operating revenues 2,937 2,793 8,737 7,997
Net investment gains (losses) 22 27 117 (120)
Total revenues $ 2,959 $ 2,820 $ 8,854 $ 7,877

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~~Note J. Non-Insurance Revenues from Contracts with Customers~~

The Company had deferred non-insurance warranty revenue balances of $4.4 billion and $4.0 billion reported in Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $0.3 billion and $0.9 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $0.3 billion and $0.8 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2020. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, Non-insurance warranty revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods due to a change in estimate was not material. The Company expects to recognize approximately $0.3 billion of the deferred revenue in the remainder of 2021, $1.2 billion in 2022, $1.0 billion in 2023 and $1.9 billion thereafter.


Three months ended September 30, 2022	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	810	$	1,023	$	270	$	118	$	—	$	—	$	2,221
Net investment income	102		112		16		187		5		—		422
Non-insurance warranty revenue	399		—		—		—		—		—		399
Other revenues	(1)		13		—		—		1		(2)		11
Total operating revenues	1,310		1,148		286		305		6		(2)		3,053
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	459		733		169		310		(13)		—		1,658
Policyholders’ dividends	2		5		—		—		—		—		7
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	169		163		51		—		—		—		383
Non-insurance warranty expense	371		—		—		—		—		—		371
Other insurance related expenses	88		145		35		29		1		(1)		297
Other expenses	15		3		11		2		47		(1)		77
Total claims, benefits and expenses	1,104		1,049		266		341		35		(2)		2,793
Core income (loss) before income tax	206		99		20		(36)		(29)		—		260
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(45)		(19)		(1)		14		4		—		(47)
Core income (loss)	$	161	$	80	$	19	$	(22)	$	(25)	$	—	213
Net investment gains (losses)													(96)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													11
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													(85)
Net income (loss)													$	128

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Three months ended September 30, 2021	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	773	$	893	$	271	$	123	$	—	$	(1)	$	2,059
Net investment income	116		141		14		240		2		—		513
Non-insurance warranty revenue	357		—		—		—		—		—		357
Other revenues	1		7		—		(1)		2		(1)		8
Total operating revenues	1,247		1,041		285		362		4		(2)		2,937
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	446		720		171		296		(6)		—		1,627
Policyholders’ dividends	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	165		148		55		—		—		—		368
Non-insurance warranty expense	330		—		—		—		—		—		330
Other insurance related expenses	71		125		32		27		(1)		(1)		253
Other expenses	13		8		4		1		37		(1)		62
Total claims, benefits and expenses	1,025		1,006		262		324		30		(2)		2,645
Core income (loss) before income tax	222		35		23		38		(26)		—		292
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(49)		(8)		(6)		3		5		—		(55)
Core income (loss)	$	173	$	27	$	17	$	41	$	(21)	$	—	237
Net investment gains (losses)													22
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													(3)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													19
Net income (loss)													$	256

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Nine months ended September 30, 2022	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,376	$	2,901	$	803	$	356	$	(1)	$	—	$	6,435
Net investment income	305		343		44		600		10		—		1,302
Non-insurance warranty revenue	1,173		—		—		—		—		—		1,173
Other revenues	—		25		—		—		4		(5)		24
Total operating revenues	3,854		3,269		847		956		13		(5)		8,934
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,360		1,916		487		884		36		—		4,683
Policyholders’ dividends	5		15		—		—		—		—		20
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	488		467		146		—		—		—		1,101
Non-insurance warranty expense	1,092		—		—		—		—		—		1,092
Other insurance related expenses	250		409		112		89		4		(1)		863
Other expenses	40		21		25		7		133		(4)		222
Total claims, benefits and expenses	3,235		2,828		770		980		173		(5)		7,981
Core income (loss) before income tax	619		441		77		(24)		(160)		—		953
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(134)		(91)		(14)		31		29		—		(179)
Core income (loss)	$	485	$	350	$	63	$	7	$	(131)	$	—	774
Net investment gains (losses)													(166)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													38
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													(128)
Net income (loss)													$	646


September 30, 2022
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	1,511	$	952	$	385	$	453	$	2,420	$	—	$	5,721
Insurance receivables	1,061		1,640		309		4		—		—		3,014
Deferred acquisition costs	379		315		93		—		—		—		787
Goodwill	117		—		25		—		—		—		142
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,653		—		—		—		—		—		3,653
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	6,925		9,172		2,262		3,645		2,696		—		24,700
Unearned premiums	3,144		2,364		576		111		—		—		6,195
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		10,454		—		—		10,454
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,706		—		—		—		—		—		4,706

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Nine months ended September 30, 2021	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,270	$	2,629	$	789	$	369	$	—	$	(1)	$	6,056
Net investment income	367		463		42		724		12		—		1,608
Non-insurance warranty revenue	1,054		—		—		—		—		—		1,054
Other revenues	1		17		1		(1)		5		(4)		19
Total operating revenues	3,692		3,109		832		1,092		17		(5)		8,737
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,312		1,947		485		899		23		—		4,666
Policyholders’ dividends	2		16		—		—		—		—		18
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	478		449		157		—		—		—		1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense	973		—		—		—		—		—		973
Other insurance related expenses	212		376		106		77		9		(1)		779
Other expenses	36		28		(4)		5		119		(4)		180
Total claims, benefits and expenses	3,013		2,816		744		981		151		(5)		7,700
Core income (loss) before income tax	679		293		88		111		(134)		—		1,037
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(148)		(60)		(21)		9		24		—		(196)
Core income (loss)	$	531	$	233	$	67	$	120	$	(110)	$	—	841
Net investment gains (losses)													117
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													(22)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													95
Net income (loss)													$	936


December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables	$	1,200	$	923	$	381	$	401	$	2,579	$	—	$	5,484
Insurance receivables	1,136		1,488		340		6		4		—		2,974
Deferred acquisition costs	363		278		96		—		—		—		737
Goodwill	117		—		31		—		—		—		148
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense	3,476		—		—		—		—		—		3,476
Insurance reserves
Claim and claim adjustment expenses	6,433		8,890		2,280		3,754		2,817		—		24,174
Unearned premiums	3,001		2,066		585		109		—		—		5,761
Future policy benefits	—		—		—		13,236		—		—		13,236
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,503		—		—		—		—		—		4,503

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The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.


Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability	$	688	$	684	$	2,041	$	2,044
Surety	171		157		481		454
Warranty & Alternative Risks	451		406		1,332		1,194
Specialty revenues	1,310		1,247		3,854		3,692
Commercial
Middle Market	397		363		1,133		1,119
Construction	372		345		1,046		978
Small Business	149		144		430		413
Other Commercial	230		189		660		599
Commercial revenues	1,148		1,041		3,269		3,109
International
Canada	93		87		272		253
Europe	112		123		350		349
Hardy	81		75		225		230
International revenues	286		285		847		832
Life & Group revenues	305		362		956		1,092
Corporate & Other revenues	6		4		13		17
Eliminations	(2)		(2)		(5)		(5)
Total operating revenues	3,053		2,937		8,934		8,737
Net investment gains (losses)	(96)		22		(166)		117
Total revenues	$	2,957	$	2,959	$	8,768	$	8,854

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Note J. Non-Insurance Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The Company had deferred non-insurance warranty revenue balances of $4.7 billion and $4.5 billion reported in Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $0.3 billion and $1.0 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $0.3 billion and $0.9 billion of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, Non-insurance warranty revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods due to a change in estimate was not material. The Company expects to recognize approximately $0.5 billion of the deferred revenue in the remainder of 2022, $1.5 billion in 2023, $1.2 billion in 2024 and $1.5 billion thereafter.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

The following discussion highlights significant factors affecting the Company. References to “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q ~~as well as the updates~~ and ~~additions to our Risk Factors disclosed under Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with~~ Item 1A Risk Factors and Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

We utilize the core income (loss) financial measure to monitor our operations. Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations. Management monitors core income (loss) for each business segment to assess segment performance. Presentation of consolidated core income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial ~~measure.~~measure and management believes some investors may find this measure useful to evaluate our primary operations. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1. For reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and other information, please refer herein and/or to CNA's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In evaluating the results of our Specialty, Commercial and International segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio, the combined ratio and the combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development excludes ~~net~~ catastrophes losses and changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years from the loss ratio. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders' dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development is the sum of the loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio. In addition we also utilize renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. For certain products within Small Business, where quantifiable, rate includes the influence of new business as well. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed, excluding rate and exposure changes, in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. Renewal premium change, rate and retention presented for the prior year are updated to reflect subsequent activity on policies written in the period. New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers. Gross written premiums, excluding third party captives, excludes business which is ceded to third party captives, including business related to large warranty programs.

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year loss reserve development does not include the effect of any related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the amount of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third-party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.

The accounting estimates discussed below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment:

•Insurance Reserves

•Long Term Care Reserves

•Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables

•Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities

•Income Taxes

Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, equity, business, and insurer financial strength and corporate debt ratings. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2021 for further information.

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CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

Results of Operations

The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations including our financial measure, core income (loss). For more detailed components of our business operations and a discussion of the core income (loss) financial measure, see the Segment Results section within this MD&A. For further discussion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses, see the Investments section of this MD&A.

Periods ended September 30 Three Months Nine Months
(In millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums $ 2,059 $ 1,953 $ 6,056 $ 5,672
Net investment income 513 517 1,608 1,380
Non-insurance warranty revenue 357 317 1,054 926
Other revenues 8 6 19 19
Total operating revenues 2,937 2,793 8,737 7,997
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits 1,627 1,611 4,666 4,666
Policyholders' dividends 5 5 18 17
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 368 360 1,084 1,046
Non-insurance warranty expense 330 293 973 859
Other insurance related expenses 253 251 779 769
Other expenses 62 50 180 177
Total claims, benefits and expenses 2,645 2,570 7,700 7,534
Core income before income tax 292 223 1,037 463
Income tax expense on core income (55) (30) (196) (63)
Core income 237 193 841 400
Net investment gains (losses) 22 27 117 (120)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses) (3) (7) (22) 23
Net investment gains (losses), after tax 19 20 95 (97)
Net income $ 256 $ 213 $ 936 $ 303

~~Table of Contents~~


Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,221	$	2,059	$	6,435	$	6,056
Net investment income	422		513		1,302		1,608
Non-insurance warranty revenue	399		357		1,173		1,054
Other revenues	11		8		24		19
Total operating revenues	3,053		2,937		8,934		8,737
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,658		1,627		4,683		4,666
Policyholders' dividends	7		5		20		18
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	383		368		1,101		1,084
Non-insurance warranty expense	371		330		1,092		973
Other insurance related expenses	297		253		863		779
Other expenses	77		62		222		180
Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,793		2,645		7,981		7,700
Core income before income tax	260		292		953		1,037
Income tax expense on core income	(47)		(55)		(179)		(196)
Core income	213		237		774		841
Net investment (losses) gains	(96)		22		(166)		117
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains	11		(3)		38		(22)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax	(85)		19		(128)		95
Net income	$	128	$	256	$	646	$	936

Three Month Comparison

Core income ~~increased $44~~decreased $24 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations ~~decreased $19~~increased $43 million primarily due to improved underwriting results and higher net ~~catastrophe losses and~~investment income from fixed income securities partially offset by lower net investment income ~~partially offset by improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting~~from limited partnerships and common stock results. Core results for our Life & Group segment ~~improved $76~~decreased $63 million while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment increased ~~$13~~$4 million.

~~Net catastrophe~~Catastrophe losses were ~~$178~~$114 million and ~~$160~~$178 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were related to severe weather related events, including $87 million for Hurricane Ian. Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included $114 million for Hurricane Ida. ~~Catastrophe losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricanes Laura, Isaias and Sally, and the Midwest derecho.~~ Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$10~~$17 million and ~~$15~~$10 million was recorded for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020~~2021 related to our Specialty, Commercial ~~International~~ and ~~Corporate & Other~~International segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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Nine Month Comparison

Core income ~~increased $441~~decreased $67 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Core income for our Property & Casualty Operations increased ~~$349~~$67 million primarily due to improved ~~current accident year~~ underwriting results and higher net investment income ~~driven~~from fixed income securities partially offset by lower net investment income from limited ~~partnership~~partnerships and common stock ~~returns.~~results. Core ~~results~~income for our Life & Group segment ~~improved $137~~decreased $113 million while core loss for our Corporate & Other segment increased ~~$45~~$21 million.

~~Net catastrophe~~Catastrophe losses were $171 million and $357 million ~~and $536 million~~ for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily related to severe weather related events, including $87 million for Hurricane Ian. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were driven by severe weather related events, primarily Hurricane Ida and Winter Storms Uri and Viola. Catastrophe losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include $273 million related primarily to severe weather related events, $195 million related to COVID-19 and $68 million related to civil unrest. UnfavorableFavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $4$2 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with ~~favorable~~unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $8$4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020~~2021 related to our Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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SEGMENT RESULTS

The following discusses the results of operations for our business segments. Our property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International, which we refer to collectively as Property & Casualty Operations. Our operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other.

Effective January 1, 2021, we changed the segment presentation of a legacy portfolio of excess workers’ compensation policies and certain legacy mass tort reserves. These businesses were previously reported in the Commercial business segment and are now reported as part of the Corporate & Other business segment. Prior period information has been conformed to the new segment presentation. See Note I to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 for more information on the changes to our business segments.

~~Recent Developments~~

As previously disclosed, we sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware that caused a network disruption and impacted certain of our systems. We have incurred expenses within our Corporate Segment related to the cybersecurity attack and expect these expenses will continue. Additionally, we anticipate making continued investments in technology to improve our security and infrastructure, which will increase our expenses in future periods. While we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, no assurances can be given at this time as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage.

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Specialty

The following table details the results of operations for Specialty.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months						Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2021			2020			2021			2020			(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	1,953		$	1,855		$	5,650		$	5,331		Gross written premiums	$	1,890		$	1,953		$	5,640		$	5,650
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives		943			861			2,656			2,413
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives														Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	958			943			2,816			2,656
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	822			795			2,350			2,231			Net written premiums	840			822			2,443			2,350
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	773			734			2,270			2,124			Net earned premiums	810			773			2,376			2,270
Net investment income	Net investment income	116			126			367			315			Net investment income	102			116			305			367
Core income	Core income	173			168			531			354			Core income	161			173			485			531

Other performance metrics:	Other performance metrics:													Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	59.1		%	60.0		%	59.1		%	59.8		%	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.4		%	59.1		%	58.6		%	59.1		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	Effect of catastrophe impacts	0.4			1.0			0.4			5.7			Effect of catastrophe impacts	0.2			0.4			0.1			0.4
Effect of development-related items	Effect of development-related items	(1.8)			(2.0)			(1.7)			(2.1)			Effect of development-related items	(1.9)			(1.8)			(1.4)			(1.7)
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	57.7			59.0			57.8			63.4			Loss ratio	56.7			57.7			57.3			57.8
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	30.6			30.5			30.4			31.5			Expense ratio	31.7			30.6			31.0			30.4
Dividend ratio	Dividend ratio	(0.1)			—			0.1			0.1			Dividend ratio	0.3			(0.1)			0.2			0.1
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	88.2		%	89.5		%	88.3		%	95.0		%	Combined ratio	88.7		%	88.2		%	88.5		%	88.3		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	89.6		%	90.5		%	89.6		%	91.4		%	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	90.4		%	89.6		%	89.8		%	89.6		%

Rate	Rate	9		%	13		%	10		%	12		%	Rate	5		%	10		%	7		%	11		%
Renewal premium change	Renewal premium change	8			15			10			13			Renewal premium change	6			11			8			12
Retention	Retention	80			87			84			86			Retention	87			80			86			84
New business	New business	$	147		$	105		$	370		$	275		New business	$	130		$	147		$	407		$	370

Three Month Comparison

Gross written premiums, excluding ~~third party~~third-party captives, for Specialty increased ~~$82~~$15 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~rate~~retention and ~~higher new business.~~rate. Net written premiums for Specialty increased ~~$27~~$18 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~increased $5~~decreased $12 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to ~~improved current accident year underwriting results partially offset by~~ lower net investment ~~income.~~income driven by limited partnership and common stock results.

The combined ratio of ~~88.2% improved 1.3~~88.7% increased 0.5 points for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to a ~~1.3~~1.1 point increase in the expense ratio largely offset by a 1.0 point improvement in the loss ratio. The increase in the expense ratio was largely due to higher underwriting expenses driven by investments in technology and talent. The improvement in the loss ratio was primarily driven by improved current accident year underwriting results. ~~Net catastrophe~~Catastrophe losses were $1 million, or 0.2 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $3 million, or 0.4 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021, as compared with $7 million, or 1.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~2021.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $15 million ~~and $16 million~~ was recorded for each of the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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Nine Month Comparison

Gross written premiums, excluding ~~third party~~third-party captives, for Specialty increased ~~$243~~$160 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~rate~~retention and higher new business. Net written premiums for Specialty increased ~~$119~~$93 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~increased $177~~decreased $46 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to lower ~~net catastrophe losses, improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results and higher~~ net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock ~~returns.~~results.

The combined ratio of ~~88.3% improved 6.7~~88.5% increased 0.2 points for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to a ~~5.6~~0.6 point increase in the expense ratio largely offset by a 0.5 point improvement in the loss ~~ratio and a 1.1 point improvement~~ratio. The increase in the expense ~~ratio.~~ratio was largely due to higher underwriting expenses driven by investments in technology and talent. The improvement in the loss ratio was primarily ~~due to lower net catastrophe losses and~~driven by improved ~~non-catastrophe~~ current accident year underwriting results. ~~Net catastrophe~~Catastrophe losses were $2 million, or 0.1 point of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $9 million, or 0.4 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, as compared with $120 million, or 5.7 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by higher net earned premiums.~~2021.

Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of ~~$40~~$35 million and ~~$47~~$40 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Specialty.

(In millions) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Gross case reserves $ 1,517 $ 1,567
Gross IBNR reserves 4,776 4,181
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 6,293 $ 5,748
Net case reserves $ 1,344 $ 1,410
Net IBNR reserves 3,858 3,488
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 5,202 $ 4,898



(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves	$	1,482	$	1,578
Gross IBNR reserves	5,443		4,855
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	6,925	$	6,433
Net case reserves	$	1,268	$	1,338
Net IBNR reserves	4,217		3,927
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	5,485	$	5,265

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Commercial

The following table details the results of operations for Commercial.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months						Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2021			2020			2021			2020			(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	1,010		$	915		$	3,284		$	3,103		Gross written premiums	$	1,187		$	1,010		$	3,824		$	3,284
Gross written premiums excluding third party captives		1,005			915			3,176			3,018
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives														Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	1,184			1,005			3,711			3,176
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	831			804			2,622			2,703			Net written premiums	962			831			3,097			2,622
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	893			857			2,629			2,470			Net earned premiums	1,023			893			2,901			2,629
Net investment income	Net investment income	141			151			463			354			Net investment income	112			141			343			463
Core income	Core income	27			41			233			113			Core income	80			27			350			233

Other performance metrics:	Other performance metrics:													Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	61.5		%	60.8		%	60.8		%	60.1		%	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	61.5		%	61.5		%	61.5		%	60.8		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	Effect of catastrophe impacts	18.6			17.0			12.6			14.3			Effect of catastrophe impacts	10.0			18.6			5.0			12.6
Effect of development-related items	Effect of development-related items	0.5			0.6			0.6			0.1			Effect of development-related items	—			0.5			(0.5)			0.6
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	80.6			78.4			74.0			74.5			Loss ratio	71.5			80.6			66.0			74.0
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	30.4			32.3			31.4			33.2			Expense ratio	29.9			30.4			30.1			31.4
Dividend ratio	Dividend ratio	0.6			0.6			0.6			0.6			Dividend ratio	0.5			0.6			0.5			0.6
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	111.6		%	111.3		%	106.0		%	108.3		%	Combined ratio	101.9		%	111.6		%	96.6		%	106.0		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	92.5		%	93.7		%	92.8		%	93.9		%	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	91.9		%	92.5		%	92.1		%	92.8		%

Rate	Rate	6		%	11		%	8		%	10		%	Rate	4		%	6		%	5		%	8		%
Renewal premium change	Renewal premium change	8			9			9			9			Renewal premium change	8			9			8			11
Retention	Retention	83			82			82			84			Retention	84			83			86			82
New business	New business	$	204		$	168		$	615		$	564		New business	$	246		$	204		$	754		$	615

Three Month Comparison

Gross written premiums for Commercial increased ~~$95~~$177 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~rate and~~ higher new ~~business.~~business and rate. Net written premiums for Commercial increased ~~$27~~$131 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~decreased $14~~increased $53 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020 primarily due to higher net~~2021, driven by lower catastrophe losses and ~~lower net investment income partially offset by~~ improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results partially offset by lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock results.

The combined ratio of ~~111.6% increased 0.3~~101.9% improved 9.7 points for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to a ~~2.2~~9.1 point ~~increase~~improvement in the loss ratio ~~largely offset by~~and a ~~1.9~~0.5 point improvement in the expense ratio. The ~~increase~~improvement in the loss ratio was primarily driven by ~~higher net~~lower catastrophe losses. ~~Net catastrophe~~Catastrophe losses were $103 million, or 10.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $166 million, or 18.6 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021, as compared with $146 million, or 17.0 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 0.5 points was ~~primarily due to~~driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs ~~driven~~partially offset by ~~ceded commissions.~~an increase in underwriting expenses.

~~Unfavorable~~Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2 ~~million and $1~~ million was recorded for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 and 2020.~~2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Table of Contents

Nine Month Comparison

Gross written premiums for Commercial increased ~~$181~~$540 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~rate and~~ higher new ~~business.~~business and retention. Net written premiums for Commercial ~~decreased $81~~increased $475 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020 driven by the impact of the June 1, 2021~~2021. The prior period included a one-time written premium catch-up resulting from the addition of ~~the~~a quota share treaty to our property reinsurance program. Excluding the impact of the ~~June 1, 2021~~prior period written

premium catch-up, net written premiums increased ~~$31~~$363 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020. Net~~2021. The increase in net earned premiums ~~for Commercial~~was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income increased ~~$159~~$117 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020. The increase in net earned premiums was~~2021 driven by lower catastrophe losses and improved non-catastrophe underwriting results partially ~~impacted~~offset by ~~a reduction in estimated audit premiums related to COVID-19 in 2020.~~

~~Core income increased $120 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 primarily due to higher~~lower net investment income driven by limited partnership and common stock ~~returns and improved current accident year underwriting~~ results.

The combined ratio of ~~106.0%~~96.6% improved ~~2.3~~9.4 points for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 primarily due to a ~~1.8~~8.0 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 1.3 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the ~~expense~~loss ratio was ~~primarily due to higher net earned premiums and a favorable acquisition ratio. Net~~driven by lower catastrophe losses and favorable net prior year loss reserve development. Catastrophe losses were $148 million, or 5.0 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $332 million, or 12.6 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021, as compared with $354 million, or 14.3~~2021. The combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development improved 0.7 points ~~of the loss ratio,~~ for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~2022 as compared with the same period in 2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 1.3 points was driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses. The loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development increased 0.7 points primarily driven by a shift in mix of business associated with the property quota share treaty purchased during June of 2021. Our property coverages, which have a lower underlying loss ratio than most other commercial coverages, now represent a smaller proportion of net earned premiums.

~~Unfavorable~~Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2$26 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with ~~favorable~~unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $8$2 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Commercial.


(In millions)	(In millions)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves	Gross case reserves	$	3,214	$	3,215	Gross case reserves	$	3,074	$	3,184
Gross IBNR reserves	Gross IBNR reserves	5,642		5,035		Gross IBNR reserves	6,098		5,706
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	8,856	$	8,250	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	9,172	$	8,890
Net case reserves	Net case reserves	$	2,903	$	2,885	Net case reserves	$	2,748	$	2,850
Net IBNR reserves	Net IBNR reserves	5,110		4,590		Net IBNR reserves	5,557		5,215
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	8,013	$	7,475	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	8,305	$	8,065

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International

The following table details the results of operations for International.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months						Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months
(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2021			2020			2021			2020			(In millions, except ratios, rate, renewal premium change and retention)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Gross written premiums	Gross written premiums	$	276		$	238		$	958		$	822		Gross written premiums	$	288		$	276		$	1,033		$	958
Net written premiums	Net written premiums	256			222			783			680			Net written premiums	258			256			839			783
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	271			236			789			699			Net earned premiums	270			271			803			789
Net investment income	Net investment income	14			15			42			44			Net investment income	16			14			44			42
Core income	Core income	17			27			67			15			Core income	19			17			63			67

Other performance metrics:	Other performance metrics:													Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.9		%	60.1		%	59.2		%	60.1		%	Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.6		%	58.9		%	58.6		%	59.2		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts	Effect of catastrophe impacts	3.4			3.0			2.0			8.9			Effect of catastrophe impacts	4.1			3.4			2.7			2.0
Effect of development-related items	Effect of development-related items	1.1			0.1			0.3			(0.4)			Effect of development-related items	—			1.1			(0.6)			0.3
Loss ratio	Loss ratio	63.4			63.2			61.5			68.6			Loss ratio	62.7			63.4			60.7			61.5
Expense ratio	Expense ratio	32.1			34.9			33.3			35.6			Expense ratio	31.7			32.1			32.1			33.3
Combined ratio	Combined ratio	95.5		%	98.1		%	94.8		%	104.2		%	Combined ratio	94.4		%	95.5		%	92.8		%	94.8		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	91.0		%	95.0		%	92.5		%	95.7		%	Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	90.3		%	91.0		%	90.7		%	92.5		%

Rate	Rate	13		%	17		%	13		%	13		%	Rate	6		%	13		%	7		%	14		%
Renewal premium change	Renewal premium change	12			15			12			11			Renewal premium change	12			13			11			13
Retention	Retention	79			69			76			71			Retention	82			79			79			77
New business	New business	$	54		$	54		$	204		$	184		New business	$	79		$	54		$	245		$	204

Three Month Comparison

Gross written premiums for International increased ~~$38~~$12 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased ~~$26~~$31 million driven by ~~rate~~higher new business and ~~retention.~~rate. Net written premiums for International increased ~~$34~~$2 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Excluding the ~~effects~~effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased ~~$23~~$19 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020. The increase in net~~2021. Net earned premiums ~~was~~were consistent with the ~~trend~~same period in ~~net written premiums.~~2021.

Core income improved $2 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 was generally consistent~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021 driven by improved underwriting results partially offset by an unfavorable impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The combined ratio of ~~95.5%~~94.4% improved ~~2.6~~1.1 points for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020 primarily~~2021 due to a ~~2.8~~0.7 point improvement in the loss ratio and a 0.4 point improvement in the expense ratio. The improvement in the ~~expense~~loss ratio was ~~driven by higher net earned premiums and lower acquisition costs. Net catastrophe~~primarily due to improved non-catastrophe underwriting results. Catastrophe losses were $10 million, or 4.1 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $9 million, or 3.4 points of the loss ratio, for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021, as compared with $7 million, or 3.0~~2021. The improvement in the expense ratio of 0.4 points ~~of the~~was primarily driven by lower acquisition costs partially offset by an increase in underwriting expenses.

There was no net prior year loss ~~ratio,~~reserve development recorded for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~

~~Unfavorable~~2022 as compared with unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $3 million ~~was recorded~~ for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021 as compared with no net prior year loss reserve development for the three months ended September 30, 2020.~~2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

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Nine Month Comparison

Gross written premiums for International increased ~~$136~~$75 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased ~~$82~~$121 million driven by ~~rate and~~ higher new ~~business.~~business and retention. Net written premiums for International increased ~~$103~~$56 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Excluding the ~~effects~~effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased ~~$57~~$97 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The increase in net earned premiums was consistent with the trend in net written premiums.

Core income ~~improved $52~~decreased $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~lower net catastrophe losses and~~an unfavorable impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates partially offset by improved ~~non-catastrophe current accident year~~ underwriting results.

The combined ratio of ~~94.8%~~92.8% improved ~~9.4~~2.0 points for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020~~2021 due to a ~~7.1~~1.2 point improvement in the expense ratio and a 0.8 point improvement in the loss ~~ratio and a 2.3 point~~ratio. The improvement in the expense ~~ratio.~~ratio was primarily driven by lower acquisition costs. The improvement in the loss ratio was driven by ~~lower~~improved non-catastrophe underwriting results partially offset by higher net catastrophe ~~losses and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. Net catastrophe~~losses. Catastrophe losses were $21 million, or 2.7 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared with $16 million, or 2.0 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared with $62 million, or 8.9 points of the loss ratio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by a favorable acquisition ratio and higher net earned premiums.2021.

~~Unfavorable~~Favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2$5 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with ~~favorable~~unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $3$2 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020.~~2021. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for International.


(In millions)	(In millions)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves	Gross case reserves	$	880	$	892	Gross case reserves	$	802	$	859
Gross IBNR reserves	Gross IBNR reserves	1,371		1,199		Gross IBNR reserves	1,460		1,421
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,251	$	2,091	Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,262	$	2,280
Net case reserves	Net case reserves	$	760	$	777	Net case reserves	$	692	$	744
Net IBNR reserves	Net IBNR reserves	1,160		1,045		Net IBNR reserves	1,192		1,196
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	1,920	$	1,822	Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	1,884	$	1,940

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Life & Group

The following table summarizes the results of operations for Life & Group.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net earned premiums	Net earned premiums	$	123	$	127	$	369	$	380	Net earned premiums	$	118	$	123	$	356	$	369
Net investment income	Net investment income	240		208		724		622		Net investment income	187		240		600		724
Core income (loss) before income tax		38		(59)		111		(66)
Income tax benefit on core loss		3		24		9		49
Core income (loss)		41		(35)		120		(17)
Core (loss) income before income tax										Core (loss) income before income tax	(36)		38		(24)		111
Income tax benefit on core income										Income tax benefit on core income	14		3		31		9
Core (loss) income										Core (loss) income	(22)		41		7		120

Three Month Comparison

Core results ~~improved $76~~decreased $63 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021 primarily due to a $54 million pretax decline in net investment income from limited partnerships.

Life & Group results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included no unlocking event for ~~active life~~future policy benefit reserves as a result of the gross premium valuation (GPV). Core loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022 included a $25 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in long term care claim reserves resulting from the annual claim reserve review in the third quarter of 2022. The favorable impact was driven by a $107 million release of all remaining incurred but not reported (IBNR) reserves established during 2020 and 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset by an $82 million unfavorable impact from higher claim severity, including utilization and cost of care inflation, than anticipated in the reserve estimates. The annual structured settlement claim reserve review resulted in a $5 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in reserves due to discount rate assumption changes. Core income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included a ~~$31~~$40 million pretax favorable impact from the reduction in long term care claim reserves resulting from the annual claim reserve reviews in the third quarter of 2021. Core loss for the three months ended September 30, 2020 included a $59 million charge related to the recognition of an active life reserve premium deficiency for long term care policies. The results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 also included a $36 million charge related to the increase in the structured settlement claim reserves partially offset by a $30 million impact from the reduction in long term care claim reserves, both resulting from the annual claim reserve reviews in the third quarter of 2020.

Nine Month Comparison

Results for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 were generally consistent with the three month summary above.

Life & Group Policyholder Reserves

Annually, in the third quarter, management assesses the adequacy of its long term care future policy benefit reserves by performing a GPV to determine if there is a premium deficiency. See Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 for further information on the reserving process.

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The September 30, ~~2021~~2022 GPV indicated that our recorded reserves included a margin of approximately ~~$72~~$125 million. A summary of the changes in the estimated reserve margin is presented in the table below:


Long Term Care Active Life Reserve - Change in estimated reserve margin (In millions)
September 30, ~~2020~~2021 Estimated Margin	$	—72
Changes in underlying ~~discount rate~~economic assumptions (1)	65 (130)
Changes in underlying morbidity assumptions	~~205~~ (30)
Changes in underlying persistency assumptions	~~(233)~~40
Changes in underlying premium rate action assumptions	27190
Changes in underlying expense and other assumptions	8 (17)
September 30, ~~2021~~2022 Estimated Margin	$	72125

(1) ~~Including~~Economic assumptions include the impact of interest rates and cost of care inflation ~~assumption.~~

The increase in the margin in ~~2021~~2022 was primarily driven by changes in discount rate assumptions due to higher near-term expected reinvestment rates and ~~favorable changes to underlying morbidity assumptions.~~higher than previously estimated rate increases on active rate increase programs. These favorable drivers were partially offset by ~~unfavorable~~ changes ~~to underlying persistency~~in cost of care inflation assumptions.

The Company has determined that additional future policy benefit reserves for profits followed by losses are not currently required based on the most recent projection.

The table below summarizes the estimated pretax impact on our results of operations from various hypothetical revisions to our ~~active life~~future policy benefit reserve assumptions. The annual GPV process involves updating all assumptions to management's then current best estimate, and historically all significant assumptions have been revised each year. In the table below, we have assumed that revisions to such assumptions would occur in each policy type, age and duration within each policy ~~group~~group. The impact of each sensitivity is discrete and ~~would occur absent any changes,~~does not reflect the impact one factor may have on another or the mitigating ~~or otherwise, in the other assumptions.~~impact from management actions, which may include additional future premium rate increases. Although such hypothetical revisions are not currently required or anticipated, we believe they could occur based on past variances in experience and our expectations of the ranges of future experience that could reasonably occur. Any required increase in the recorded reserves resulting from a hypothetical revision in the table below would first reduce the margin in our carried reserves before it would affect results from operations. Any actual adjustment would be dependent on the specific policies affected and, therefore, may differ from the estimates summarized below. The estimated impacts to results of operations in the table below are after consideration of the existing margin.


September 30, ~~2021~~2022
	Estimated reduction to pretax income
Hypothetical revisions (In millions)
Morbidity:(1)
2.5% increase in morbidity	$	~~300~~200
5% increase in morbidity	~~600~~500
Persistency:
5% decrease in active life mortality and lapse	$	100
10% decrease in active life mortality and lapse	300
Discount Rates:
25 basis point decline in new money interest rates	$	~~100~~—
50 basis point decline in new money interest rates	~~200~~100
~~Premium Rate Actions:~~
~~25% decrease in anticipated future premium rate increases~~	$	—
~~50% decrease in anticipated future premium rate increases~~	—

(1) Represents a sensitivity in future paid claims.

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The following table summarizes policyholder reserves for Life & Group.


September 30, 2021
September 30, 2022								September 30, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Claim and claim adjustment expenses		Future policy benefits		Total		(In millions)	Claim and claim adjustment expenses		Future policy benefits		Total
Long term care	Long term care	$	2,839	$	9,971	$	12,810	Long term care	$	2,959	$	10,109	$	13,068
Structured settlement annuities	Structured settlement annuities	530		—		530		Structured settlement annuities	512		—		512
Other	Other	10		—		10		Other	9		—		9
Total	Total	3,379		9,971		13,350		Total	3,480		10,109		13,589
Shadow adjustments (1)	Shadow adjustments (1)	203		2,938		3,141		Shadow adjustments (1)	59		—		59
Ceded reserves (2)	Ceded reserves (2)	121		289		410		Ceded reserves (2)	106		346		452
Total gross reserves	Total gross reserves	$	3,703	$	13,198	$	16,901	Total gross reserves	$	3,645	$	10,455	$	14,100


December 31, 2020
December 31, 2021								December 31, 2021
(In millions)	(In millions)	Claim and claim adjustment expenses		Future policy benefits		Total		(In millions)	Claim and claim adjustment expenses		Future policy benefits		Total
Long term care	Long term care	$	2,844	$	9,762	$	12,606	Long term care	$	2,905	$	10,012	$	12,917
Structured settlement annuities	Structured settlement annuities	543		—		543		Structured settlement annuities	526		—		526
Other	Other	10		—		10		Other	10		—		10
Total	Total	3,397		9,762		13,159		Total	3,441		10,012		13,453
Shadow adjustments (1)	Shadow adjustments (1)	218		3,293		3,511		Shadow adjustments (1)	200		2,936		3,136
Ceded reserves (2)	Ceded reserves (2)	128		263		391		Ceded reserves (2)	113		288		401
Total gross reserves	Total gross reserves	$	3,743	$	13,318	$	17,061	Total gross reserves	$	3,754	$	13,236	$	16,990

(1) To the extent ~~that~~there are unrealized gains on fixed income securities supporting ~~long term care~~the reserves of certain products ~~and annuity contracts~~within the Life & Group segment that would result in a premium deficiency, or would impact the reserve balance, if ~~those gains were~~ realized, ana related increase in Insurance reserves is recorded ~~net of tax,~~ as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax, through Other comprehensive income (loss) (Shadow Adjustments).

(2) Ceded reserves relate to claim or policy reserves fully reinsured in connection with a sale or exit from the underlying business.

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Corporate & Other

The following table summarizes the results of operations for the Corporate & Other segment, including intersegment eliminations.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net investment income	Net investment income	$	2	$	17	$	12	$	45	Net investment income	$	5	$	2	$	10	$	12
Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits										Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits	(13)		(6)		36		23
Interest expense	Interest expense	28		32		84		94		Interest expense	28		28		84		84
Core loss	Core loss	(21)		(8)		(110)		(65)		Core loss	(25)		(21)		(131)		(110)

Three Month Comparison

Core loss increased ~~$13~~$4 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020 primarily driven by lower net investment income.~~2021.

Nine Month Comparison

Core loss increased ~~$45~~$21 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same

period in ~~2020~~2021 driven by ~~lower~~higher net ~~investment income,~~prior year loss reserve development associated with legacy mass tort abuse claims and an increase in expenses ~~related to~~as a result of continued investments in technology infrastructure and security. These results were partially offset by the ~~March 2021 cybersecurity attack, the~~prior period recognition of a $12 million after-tax loss resulting from the legacy ~~excess workers' compensation~~Excess Workers' Compensation (EWC) ~~loss portfolio transfer~~Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT)~~, and lower amortization of the deferred gain related to the asbestos & environmental pollution (A&EP)LPT. These results were partially offset by lower unfavorable net~~. Net prior year loss reserve development ~~on legacy mass tort exposures. The A&EP LPT, EWC LPT and net prior year loss reserve development are~~is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item I.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves for Corporate & Other.

(In millions) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Gross case reserves $ 1,575 $ 1,614
Gross IBNR reserves 1,154 1,260
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 2,729 $ 2,874
Net case reserves $ 140 $ 560
Net IBNR reserves 139 331
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 279 $ 891



(In millions)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross case reserves	$	1,479	$	1,551
Gross IBNR reserves	1,217		1,266
Total gross carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	2,696	$	2,817
Net case reserves	$	139	$	146
Net IBNR reserves	201		148
Total net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	340	$	294

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INVESTMENTS

Net Investment Income

The significant components of Net investment income are presented in the following table. Fixed income securities, as presented, include both fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months						Periods ended September 30	Three Months						Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020			(In millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Fixed income securities:	Fixed income securities:													Fixed income securities:
Taxable fixed income securities	Taxable fixed income securities	$	360		$	363		$	1,075		$	1,094		Taxable fixed income securities	$	410		$	360		$	1,163		$	1,075
Tax-exempt fixed income securities	Tax-exempt fixed income securities	77			80			236			238			Tax-exempt fixed income securities	55			77			194			236
Total fixed income securities	Total fixed income securities	437			443			1,311			1,332			Total fixed income securities	465			437			1,357			1,311

Limited partnership and common stock investments	Limited partnership and common stock investments	77			71			294			30			Limited partnership and common stock investments	(44)			77			(51)			294
Other, net of investment expense	Other, net of investment expense	(1)			3			3			18			Other, net of investment expense	1			(1)			(4)			3
Net investment income	Net investment income	$	513		$	517		$	1,608		$	1,380		Net investment income	$	422		$	513		$	1,302		$	1,608

Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	4.3		%	4.5		%	4.3		%	4.6		%	Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	4.4		%	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.3		%
Limited partnership and common stock return	Limited partnership and common stock return	3.8		%	4.1		%	16.4		%	1.7		%	Limited partnership and common stock return	(2.1)		%	3.8		%	(2.4)		%	16.4		%

Net investment income ~~increased $228~~decreased $91 million and $306 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same ~~period~~periods in ~~2020~~2021 driven by unfavorable limited partnership and common stock ~~returns~~results partially offset by ~~lower yields in our~~higher income from fixed income ~~portfolio.~~ securities.

Net Investment Gains (Losses)

The components of Net investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table.


Periods ended September 30	Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months				Periods ended September 30	Three Months				Nine Months
(In millions)	(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020		(In millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fixed maturity securities:(1)	Fixed maturity securities:(1)									Fixed maturity securities:(1)
Corporate and other bonds	Corporate and other bonds	$	36	$	14	$	115	$	(105)	Corporate and other bonds	$	(41)	$	36	$	(68)	$	115
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1		6		—		39		States, municipalities and political subdivisions	6		1		28		—
Asset-backed	Asset-backed	(15)		6		(24)		34		Asset-backed	(17)		(15)		(29)		(24)
Total fixed maturity securities	Total fixed maturity securities	22		26		91		(32)		Total fixed maturity securities	(52)		22		(69)		91
Non-redeemable preferred stock	Non-redeemable preferred stock	(2)		25		17		(45)		Non-redeemable preferred stock	(2)		(2)		(111)		17
Short term and other		2		(21)		9		(27)
Derivatives, short term and other										Derivatives, short term and other	(34)		2		22		9
Mortgage loans	Mortgage loans	—		(3)		—		(16)		Mortgage loans	(8)		—		(8)		—
Net investment gains (losses)		22		27		117		(120)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)		(3)		(7)		(22)		23
Net investment gains (losses), after tax		$	19	$	20	$	95	$	(97)
Net investment (losses) gains										Net investment (losses) gains	(96)		22		(166)		117
Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains										Income tax benefit (expense) on net investment (losses) gains	11		(3)		38		(22)
Net investment (losses) gains, after tax										Net investment (losses) gains, after tax	$	(85)	$	19	$	(128)	$	95

Net(1) Excludes the loss in the third quarter of 2022 on the assets supporting the funds withheld liability, which is reflected in the Derivatives, short term and other line.

Pretax net investment ~~gains (losses)~~results decreased $5$118 million for the three months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020. Short~~2021. The decrease was driven by net losses on fixed maturity securities in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to net gains in the same period in 2021.

Additionally, Derivatives, short term and other for the three months ended September 30, ~~2020 included~~2022 includes a ~~$20~~$35 million non-economic net loss related to the expected novation of a coinsurance agreement on our legacy annuity business in our Life & Group segment and the ~~redemption of our $400 million senior notes due August 2021.~~associated funds withheld embedded derivative.

~~Net~~Pretax net investment ~~gains (losses) increased $237~~results decreased $283 million for the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 as compared with the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The ~~increase~~decrease was driven by ~~lower impairment losses and~~ the ~~favorable~~unfavorable change in fair value of

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non-redeemable preferred ~~stock. Additionally, Short term~~stock and ~~other for~~net losses on fixed maturity securities in the nine months ended September 30, ~~2020 included a $20 million loss on~~2022 as compared to net gains in the ~~redemption of our $400 million senior notes due August~~same period in 2021.

Further information on ourour investment gains and losses as well as on our derivative financial instruments is set forth in Note C to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part 1,I, Item 1.

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Portfolio Quality

The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of our fixed maturity securities by rating distribution.


		September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020					September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,938	$	57	$	3,672	$	117	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,452	$	(357)	$	2,600	$	42
AAA	AAA	3,778		371		3,627		454		AAA	2,374		(250)		3,784		360
AA	AA	7,737		833		7,159		1,012		AA	6,387		(792)		7,665		823
A	A	9,538		1,159		9,543		1,390		A	8,739		(667)		9,511		1,087
BBB	BBB	18,505		2,215		18,007		2,596		BBB	15,267		(1,776)		18,458		2,043
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	2,573		123		2,623		149		Non-investment grade	2,032		(234)		2,362		91
Total	Total	$	45,069	$	4,758	$	44,631	$	5,718	Total	$	37,251	$	(4,076)	$	44,380	$	4,446

As of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020,~~2021, 1% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally. AAA rated securities included ~~$1.7~~$0.4 billion and ~~$1.8~~$1.7 billion of pre-refunded municipal bonds as of September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and December 31, ~~2020.~~2021.

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution.


		September 30, 2021					September 30, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	1,200	$	9	U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,360	$	360
AAA	AAA	388		5		AAA	1,566		318
AA	AA	906		16		AA	4,430		917
A	A	1,191		18		A	6,548		838
BBB	BBB	1,187		31		BBB	13,394		1,902
Non-investment grade	Non-investment grade	396		10		Non-investment grade	1,646		248
Total	Total	$	5,268	$	89	Total	$	29,944	$	4,583

The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.


		September 30, 2021					September 30, 2022
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Due in one year or less	Due in one year or less	$	133	$	5	Due in one year or less	$	699	$	11
Due after one year through five years	Due after one year through five years	709		13		Due after one year through five years	7,492		541
Due after five years through ten years	Due after five years through ten years	2,639		33		Due after five years through ten years	10,701		1,705
Due after ten years	Due after ten years	1,787		38		Due after ten years	11,052		2,326
Total	Total	$	5,268	$	89	Total	$	29,944	$	4,583

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Duration

A primary objective in the management of the investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to the corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. Our views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions as well as domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. We also continually monitor exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on our views of a specific issuer or industry sector.

A further consideration in the management of the investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs, minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, we segregate investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in the Life & Group segment.

The effective durations of fixed income securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.


		September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020				September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
(In millions)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	(In millions)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (In years)
Investments supporting Life & Group	Investments supporting Life & Group	$	18,431	9.3	$	18,518	9.2	Investments supporting Life & Group	$	14,253	9.8	$	18,458	9.2
Other investments	Other investments	28,520		5.1	28,839		4.5	Other investments	24,739		4.8	28,915		4.9
Total	Total	$	46,951	6.7	$	47,357	6.3	Total	$	38,992	6.7	$	47,373	6.6

The effective duration of Investments supporting Life & Group liabilities at September 30, 2022 lengthened as compared with December 31, 2021, reflecting strategic repositioning to capitalize on higher rates and reduce reinvestment risk.

The investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Certain securities have duration characteristics that are variable based on market interest rates, credit spreads and other factors that may drive variability in the amount and timing of cash flows. Additionally, we periodically review the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020.~~

~~Short Term Investments~~

~~The carrying value of the components of the Short term investments are presented in the following table.~~

(In millions) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Short term investments:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 916 $ 1,702
Other 219 205
Total short term investments $ 1,135 $ 1,907

2021.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

Our primary operating cash flow sources are premiums and investment income. Our primary operating cash flow uses are payments for claims, policy benefits and operating expenses, including interest expense on corporate debt. Additionally, cash may be paid or received for income taxes.

For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, net cash provided by operating activities was ~~$1,354~~$1,990 million as compared with ~~$1,408~~$1,354 million for the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. The ~~decrease~~increase in cash provided by operating activities was driven by the prior year payment of the EWC LPT premium, increased ceded premiums paid and higher taxes paid, partially offset by an increase in gross premiums collected, lower claim payments and a higher level of distributions from limited partnerships. The EWC LPT is further discussed in Note E to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.premium.

Cash flows from investing activities include the purchase and disposition of financial instruments, excluding those held as trading, and may include the purchase and sale of businesses, equipment and other assets not generally held for resale.

~~Net~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used by investing activities was ~~$597~~$1,072 million ~~for the nine months ended September 30, 2021,~~ as compared with ~~$407~~$597 million for the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Net cash used or provided by investing activities is primarily driven by cash available from operations and by other factors, such as financing activities.

Cash flows from financing activities may include proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities, and outflows for stockholder dividends, repayment of debt and purchases of ~~treasury~~our common stock.

For the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, net cash used by financing activities was ~~$545~~$924 million as compared with ~~$801~~$545 million for the same period in ~~2020.~~2021. Financing activities for the periods presented include:

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we paid dividends of $874 million and repurchased 890,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $39 million.

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we paid dividends of $518 million and repurchased 377,615 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $18 million.

•~~During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid dividends of $850 million and repurchased 435,376 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $18 million.~~

•In the third quarter of 2020, we issued $500 million of 2.05% senior notes due August 15, 2030 and redeemed the $400 million outstanding aggregate principal balances of our 5.750% senior notes due August 15, 2021.

Common Stock Dividends

Cash dividends of ~~$1.89~~$3.20 per share on our common stock, including a special cash dividend of ~~$0.75~~$2.00 per share, were declared and paid during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. On October ~~29, 2021,~~28, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of ~~$0.38~~$0.40 per share, payable December ~~2, 2021~~1, 2022 to stockholders of record on November 15, ~~2021.~~2022. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints.

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Liquidity

We believe that our present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund our current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and we do not expect this to change in the near term. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our $250 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility and no borrowings outstanding through our membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLBC).

Dividends from Continental Casualty Company (CCC) are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the Department), are determined based on the greater of the prior year's statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. CCC paid dividends of ~~$600~~$845 million and ~~$855~~$600 million during the nine months ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 and ~~2020.~~2021. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.

We have an effective automatic shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under which we may publicly issue an unspecified amount of debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.

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ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

The most significant impact will be the effect of updating the discount rate assumption quarterly to reflect an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, rather than CNA’s expected investment portfolio yield. This will be partially offset by the de-recognition of Shadow Adjustments associated with long-duration contracts. The Company expects the net impact of these changes will be a decrease of approximately $2.3 billion in Accumulated other comprehensive income as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. To illustrate the sensitivity of this adjustment, had the Company used interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2022 in its calculation, the transition impact to Accumulated other comprehensive income would have been approximately zero.

The requirement to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions at least annually is expected to change the pattern of earnings being recognized. Under current accounting guidance, the Company’s third quarter 2022 gross premium valuation assessment indicated a pretax reserve margin of $125 million, with no unlocking event. However under the new guidance, the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions from the Company’s assessment would be recorded in the Company’s results of operations (except for discount rate changes which would be recorded quarterly through AOCI).

For a discussion of Accounting Standards Updates, see Note A to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part 1,I, Item 1.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains a number of forward-looking statements which relate to anticipated future events rather than actual present conditions or historical events. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and generally include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include any and all statements regarding expected developments in our insurance business, including losses and loss reserves (note that loss reserves for long term care, A&EP and other mass tort claims are more uncertain, and therefore more difficult to estimate than loss reserves respecting traditional property and casualty exposures); the impact of routine ongoing insurance reserve reviews we are conducting; our expectations concerning our revenues, earnings, expenses and investment activities; volatility in investment returns; and our proposed actions in response to trends in our business. Forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to a variety of inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statement. We cannot control many of these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following as well as those risks contained in the Risk Factors section of our ~~2020~~2021 Annual Report on Form ~~10-K and this report:~~10-K:

Company-Specific Factors

•the risks and uncertainties associated with our insurance reserves, as outlined in the Critical Accounting Estimates and the Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties sections of our ~~2020~~2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, ~~and this report,~~ including the sufficiency of the reserves and the possibility for future increases, which would be reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustment is determined;

•the risk that the other parties to the transactions in which, subject to certain limitations, we ceded our legacy A&EP and EWC liabilities, respectively, will not fully perform their respective obligations to CNA, the uncertainty in estimating loss reserves for A&EP and EWC liabilities and the possible continued exposure of CNA to liabilities for A&EP and EWC claims that are not covered under the terms of the respective transactions;

•the performance of reinsurance companies under reinsurance contracts with us; and

•the risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including the consummation of such transactions, the successful integration of acquired operations and the potential for subsequent impairment of goodwill or intangible assets.

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Industry and General Market Factors

•the COVID-19 pandemic and ~~actions seeking~~measures to mitigate the spread of the virus ~~have resulted~~may continue to result in ~~significant~~increased claims and related litigation or regulatory risk across our enterprise; economic uncertainty and depressed business conditions brought on by the crisis may materially and adversely impact our business operations and may lead to increased claim and litigation activity and unfavorable regulatory outcomes.

•the impact of competitive products, policies and pricing and the competitive environment in which we operate, including changes in our book of business;

•product and policy availability and demand and market responses, including the level of ability to obtain rate increases and decline or non-renew underpriced accounts, to achieve premium targets and profitability and to realize growth and retention estimates;

•general economic and business conditions, including recessionary conditions that may decrease the size and number of our insurance customers and create losses to our lines of business and inflationary pressures on medical care costs, construction costs and other economic sectors that increase the severity of claims;

•conditions in the capital and credit markets, including uncertainty and instability in these markets, as well as the overall economy, and their impact on the returns, types, liquidity and valuation of our investments;

•conditions in the capital and credit markets that may limit our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms; and

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•the possibility of changes in our ratings by ratings agencies, including the inability to access certain markets or distribution channels and the required collateralization of future payment obligations as a result of such changes, and changes in rating agency policies and practices.

Regulatory and Legal Factors

•regulatory and legal initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations and other legal requirements, including with respect to cyber security protocols, ~~(which may be enhanced following completion of work relating to the sophisticated cyber incident sustained by the Company in March 2021 as discussed in Risk Factors, Part II, Item 1A of this report),~~ legal inquiries by state authorities, judicial interpretations within the regulatory framework, including interpretation of policy provisions, decisions regarding coverage and theories of liability, legislative actions that increase claimant activity, including those revising applicability of statutes of limitations, trends in litigation and the outcome of any litigation involving us and rulings and changes in tax laws and regulations;

•regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions upon us, including with respect to our ability to increase premium rates, and the effects of assessments and other surcharges for guaranty funds and second-injury funds, other mandatory pooling arrangements and future assessments levied on insurance ~~companies;~~companies

•regulatory limitations and restrictions, including limitations upon our ability to receive dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, imposed by regulatory authorities, including regulatory capital ~~adequacy standards;~~adequacy; and

•regulatory and legal implications relating to the sophisticated cyber incident sustained by the Company in March 2021 that may arise.

Impact of Natural and Man-Made Disasters and Mass Tort Claims

•weather and other natural physical events, including the severity and frequency of storms, hail, snowfall and other winter conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, as well as climate change, including effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, wildfires, rain, hail and snow;

•regulatory requirements imposed by coastal state regulators in the wake of hurricanes or other natural disasters, including limitations on the ability to exit markets or to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies, as well as mandatory assessments to fund any shortfalls arising from the inability of quasi-governmental insurers to pay claims;

•man-made disasters, including the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks, the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events, and the effect of the absence or insufficiency of applicable terrorism legislation on coverages;

•the occurrence of epidemics and pandemics; and

•mass tort claims, including those related to exposure to potentially harmful products or substances such as glyphosate, lead paint and opioids; and claims arising from changes that repeal or weaken tort reforms, such as those related to abuse reviver statutes.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement, even if our expectations or any related events or circumstances change.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no material changes in our market risk components for the ~~nine~~three months ended September 30, ~~2021.~~2022. See the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2021 for further information. Additional information related to portfolio duration is discussed in the Investments section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part I, Item 2.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including this report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of September 30, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of September 30, ~~2021.~~2022.

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules ~~13a-15(f)~~13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, ~~2021~~2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note F to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

Item ~~1A. Risk Factors~~2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

~~Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for~~Items 2 (a) and (b) are not applicable.

(c) The table below details the year ended December 31, 2020 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for each of the first two quarters of 2021, include detailed discussions of certain material risk factors facing us. The information presented below describes updates and additions to and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in our Form 10-K and restates in their entirety the risk factors contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021.

~~Any significant interruption in the operation~~repurchases of our ~~business functions, facilities and systems or ourvendors' facilities and systems could result in a materially adverse effect on our operations.~~common stock made during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Our business is highly dependent upon our ability to perform, in an efficient and uninterrupted manner, through our employees or vendor relationships, necessary business functions, such as internet support and 24-hour call centers, processing new and renewal business, processing and paying claims and other obligations and issuing financial statements.

Our, or our vendors’, facilities and systems could become unavailable, inoperable, or otherwise impaired from a variety of causes, including natural events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms, earthquakes, severe winter weather and fires, or other events, such as explosions, terrorist attacks, computer security breaches or cyberattacks, riots, hazardous material releases, medical epidemics or pandemics, utility outages, interruptions of our data processing and storage systems or the systems of third-party vendors, or unavailability of communications facilities. An interruption of our system availability occurred in March 2021 as a result of a cybersecurity attack sustained by the Company. Please refer to the immediately following risk factor for further information regarding this incident. Likewise, we could experience a significant failure, interruption or corruption of one or more of our or our vendors’ information technology, telecommunications, or other systems for various reasons, including significant failures or interruptions that might occur as existing systems are replaced or upgraded. The shut-down or unavailability of one or more of our or our vendors' systems or facilities for these and other reasons could significantly impair our ability to perform critical business functions on a timely basis.

In addition, because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such service exceeds capacity or a third-party system fails or experiences an interruption. If sustained or repeated, such events could result in a deterioration of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer service, pay claims in a timely manner, or perform other necessary business functions, including the ability to issue financial statements in a timely manner.

The foregoing risks could also expose us to monetary and reputational damages. Potential exposures resulting from the March 2021 cybersecurity attack, described in the immediately following risk factor, as well as any future incidents may include substantially increased compliance costs, as well as increased costs relating to investments in computer system and security-related upgrades, with those costs potentially not recoverable under relevant insurance coverage. The Company anticipates making continued investments to improve its security and infrastructure. These expenses are not recoverable under relevant insurance coverage. If our business continuity plans or system security do not sufficiently address these risks, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Based on the information currently known, we do not believe that the March 2021 cybersecurity attack will have a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition, but no assurances can be given as we continue to assess the full impact from the incident, including costs, expenses and insurance coverage. We may also be subject to future incidents that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition or may result in operational impairments and financial losses, as well as significant harm to our reputation.

Period

(a) Total number of shares purchased

(b) Average price paid per share

(d) Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)

August 1, 2022 - August 31, 2022

445,000

41.03

N/A

Total

445,000

N/A

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Any significant breach in our data security infrastructure or our vendors’ facilities and systems could disrupt business, cause financial losses and damage our reputation, and insurance coverage may not be available for claims related to a breach.

A significant breach of our data security infrastructure may result from actions by our employees, vendors, third-party administrators, or unknown third parties or through cyber-attacks. The risk of a breach can exist whether software services are in our data centers or we use cloud-based software services. Breaches have occurred, and may occur again, in our systems and in the systems of our vendors and third party administrators.

Such a breach could affect our data framework or cause a failure to protect the personal information of our customers, claimants or employees, or sensitive and confidential information regarding our business and may result in operational impairments and financial losses, as well as significant harm to our reputation. The breach of confidential information also could give rise to legal liability and regulatory action under data protection and privacy laws, as well as evolving regulation in this regard. During the third quarter of 2021, we were notified of a breach of certain systems of a third-party administrator, which resulted in breach notifications sent by such administrator to potentially impacted persons, including a limited number of Company claimants. While we do not believe such notifications and resultant actions will have a material adverse effect on our business, this or similar incidents, or any other such breach of our or our vendors’ data security infrastructure could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We sustained a sophisticated cybersecurity attack in March 2021 involving ransomware that caused a network disruption and impacted certain of our systems. Upon detection, we undertook steps to address the incident, including engaging a team of third-party forensic experts and notifying law enforcement and key regulators. We restored network systems and resumed normal operations. We are continuing to assess all actions that we will take to improve our existing systems.

Our investigation revealed that an unauthorized third party copied some personal information relating to certain current and former employees, contractor workers and their dependents and certain other persons, including some policyholders. In July 2021, we provided notifications to the impacted individuals and to regulators, in accordance with applicable law. Although we currently have no indication that the impacted data has been misused, or that CNA or its policyholder data was specifically targeted by the unauthorized third party, we may be subject to subsequent investigations, claims or actions in addition to other costs, fines, penalties, or other obligations related to impacted data, whether or not such data is misused. In addition, the misuse, or perceived misuse, of sensitive or confidential information regarding our business or policyholders could cause harm to our reputation and result in the loss of business with existing or potential customers, which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Although we maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage insuring against costs resulting from cyber-attacks (including the March 2021 attack), we do not expect the amount available under our coverage and/or our coverage policy to cover all losses. Costs and expenses incurred and likely to be incurred by the Company in connection with the March 2021 attack include both direct and indirect costs and not all may be covered by our insurance coverage. In addition, potential disputes with our insurers about the availability of insurance coverage for claims relating to the March 2021 attack or any future incident could occur. Further, both as a result of the March 2021 attack and industry trends generally, the Company will incur higher costs for the replenishment of the Company’s current policy through the end of the term, as well as future cybersecurity insurance coverage beyond the current term.

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Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		CNA Financial Corporation

Dated: ~~November 1, 2021~~October 31, 2022	By	/s/ ~~Larry Haefner~~Scott R. Lindquist
		~~Larry Haefner~~Scott R. Lindquist ~~Interim~~ Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly authorized officer and principal financial ~~and accounting~~ officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX


Description of Exhibit			Exhibit Number
Certification of Chief Executive Officer			31.1

Certification of Chief Financial Officer			31.2

Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)			32.1

Written Statement of the Chief Financial Officer of CNA Financial Corporation Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (As adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)			32.2

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document			101.INS

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema			101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase			101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase			101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase			101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase			101.PRE

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)			104.1

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Three months ended September 30, 2020	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	734	$	857	$	236	$	127	$	—	$	(1)	$	1,953
Net investment income	126		151		15		208		17		—		517
Non-insurance warranty revenue	317		—		—		—		—		—		317
Other revenues	—		5		—		—		1		—		6
Total operating revenues	1,177		1,013		251		335		18		(1)		2,793
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	433		671		150		363		(6)		—		1,611
Policyholders’ dividends	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	158		150		52		—		—		—		360
Non-insurance warranty expense	293		—		—		—		—		—		293
Other insurance related expenses	66		128		31		28		(1)		(1)		251
Other expenses	14		7		(8)		3		34		—		50
Total claims, benefits and expenses	964		961		225		394		27		(1)		2,570
Core income (loss) before income tax	213		52		26		(59)		(9)		—		223
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(45)		(11)		1		24		1		—		(30)
Core income (loss)	$	168	$	41	$	27	$	(35)	$	(8)	$	—	193
Net investment gains (losses)													27
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													(7)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													20
Net income (loss)													$	213


Nine months ended September 30, 2020	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other
(In millions)											Eliminations		Total
Operating revenues
Net earned premiums	$	2,124	$	2,470	$	699	$	380	$	—	$	(1)	$	5,672
Net investment income	315		354		44		622		45		—		1,380
Non-insurance warranty revenue	926		—		—		—		—		—		926
Other revenues	1		18		—		—		3		(3)		19
Total operating revenues	3,366		2,842		743		1,002		48		(4)		7,997
Claims, benefits and expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits	1,346		1,840		480		983		17		—		4,666
Policyholders’ dividends	2		15		—		—		—		—		17
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	462		441		143		—		—		—		1,046
Non-insurance warranty expense	859		—		—		—		—		—		859
Other insurance related expenses	208		379		106		79		(2)		(1)		769
Other expenses	37		25		3		6		109		(3)		177
Total claims, benefits and expenses	2,914		2,700		732		1,068		124		(4)		7,534
Core income (loss) before income tax	452		142		11		(66)		(76)		—		463
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)	(98)		(29)		4		49		11		—		(63)
Core income (loss)	$	354	$	113	$	15	$	(17)	$	(65)	$	—	400
Net investment gains (losses)													(120)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)													23
Net investment gains (losses), after tax													(97)
Net income (loss)													$	303