UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 20172018
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 1-6961
___________________________
TEGNA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________
Delaware 16-0442930
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
7950 Jones Branch Drive, McLean, Virginia 22107-0150
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 873-6600.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filerxAccelerated filer¨
    
Non-accelerated filer
¨(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company¨
    
  Emerging growth company¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. c
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ¨ No x

The total number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $1 par value, outstanding as of September 30, 20172018 was 215,205,823.215,302,010.
 


INDEX TO TEGNA INC.
September 30, 20172018 FORM 10-Q
 
Item No. Page Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
  
1.Financial Statements Financial Statements 
  
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
  
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
  
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
  
2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
  
3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
  
4.
  
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 
  
1.Legal Proceedings
  
1A.Risk Factors
  
2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
  
3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
  
4.Mine Safety Disclosures
  
5.Other Information
  
6.Exhibits
  
SIGNATURESIGNATURE


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

TEGNA Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In thousands of dollars
Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
(Unaudited) (Recast)(Unaudited)  
ASSETS      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents$383,354
 $15,879
$23,766
 $98,801
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,222 and $3,404, respectively382,791
 386,074
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,806 and $3,266, respectively407,078
 406,852
Other receivables20,384
 20,685
32,937
 32,442
Programming rights47,322
 37,758
Prepaid expenses and other current assets80,201
 62,090
19,790
 61,070
Current discontinued operations assets
 305,960
Total current assets866,730
 790,688
530,893
 636,923
Property and equipment      
Cost801,791
 805,349
831,994
 782,602
Less accumulated depreciation(456,768) (430,028)(477,352) (447,262)
Net property and equipment345,023
 375,321
354,642
 335,340
Intangible and other assets      
Goodwill2,579,417
 2,579,417
2,596,863
 2,579,417
Indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets, less accumulated amortization1,278,667
 1,294,839
1,534,124
 1,273,269
Investments and other assets173,219
 180,616
156,217
 137,166
Noncurrent discontinued operations assets
 3,321,844
Total intangible and other assets4,031,303
 7,376,716
4,287,204
 3,989,852
Total assets$5,243,056
 $8,542,725
$5,172,739
 $4,962,115
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


TEGNA Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In thousands of dollars, except par value and share amounts
Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
(Unaudited) (Recast)(Unaudited)  
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY      
Current liabilities      
Accounts payable$102,758
 $99,568
$65,309
 $52,992
Accrued liabilities219,701
 200,417


 

Compensation40,010
 54,088
Interest53,713
 39,217
Contracts payable for programming rights121,270
 105,040
Other64,835
 58,196
Dividends payable15,190
 30,178
15,147
 15,173
Income taxes14,304
 11,448
Current portion of long-term debt280,646
 646
162
 646
Current discontinued operations liabilities
 276,924
Total current liabilities632,599
 619,181
360,446
 325,352
Noncurrent liabilities      
Income taxes19,711
 22,644
12,414
 20,203
Deferred income taxes585,173
 648,920
401,155
 382,310
Long-term debt3,035,166
 4,042,749
2,989,435
 3,007,047
Pension liabilities168,024
 187,290
122,489
 144,220
Other noncurrent liabilities96,508
 75,438
81,217
 87,942
Noncurrent discontinued operations liabilities
 347,233
Total noncurrent liabilities3,904,582
 5,324,274
3,606,710
 3,641,722
Total liabilities4,537,181
 5,943,455
3,967,156
 3,967,074
      
Redeemable noncontrolling interests related to discontinued operations
 46,265
   
Equity   
TEGNA Inc. shareholders’ equity   
Shareholders’ equity   
Common stock of $1 par value per share, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 324,418,632 shares issued324,419
 324,419
324,419
 324,419
Additional paid-in capital390,886
 473,742
306,078
 382,127
Retained earnings5,777,443
 7,384,556
6,283,775
 6,062,995
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(121,073) (161,573)(122,913) (106,923)
Less treasury stock at cost, 109,212,809 shares and 109,930,832 shares, respectively(5,665,800) (5,749,726)
Total TEGNA Inc. shareholders’ equity705,875
 2,271,418
Noncontrolling interests related to discontinued operations
 281,587
Less treasury stock at cost, 109,116,622 shares and 109,487,979 shares, respectively(5,585,776) (5,667,577)
Total equity705,875
 2,553,005
1,205,583
 995,041
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity$5,243,056
 $8,542,725
Total liabilities and equity$5,172,739
 $4,962,115
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.




TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Unaudited, in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts
Quarter ended
Sept. 30,
 Nine months ended
Sept. 30,
2017 2016 2017 2016Quarter ended
Sept. 30,
 Nine months ended Sept. 30,
  (recast)   (recast)2018 2017 2018 2017
              
Revenues$464,264
 $519,617
 $1,412,703
 $1,457,233
$538,976
 $464,264
 $1,565,146
 $1,412,703
              
Operating expenses:              
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation235,474

200,495
 696,565

590,058
271,156

235,474
 793,943

696,565
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation70,914

83,039
 214,645

246,280
76,639

70,914
 229,193

214,645
Corporate - General and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation12,881
 16,027
 42,462
 43,865
17,593
 12,881
 41,522
 42,462
Depreciation15,186

13,212
 41,721

42,653
14,262

15,186
 41,594

41,721
Amortization of intangible assets5,395

5,775
 16,172

17,542
8,047

5,395
 22,791

16,172
Asset impairment and facility consolidation charges7,553

15,218
 11,086

18,946
Asset impairment and other (gains) charges(3,005)
7,553
 (9,331)
11,086
Total347,403
 333,766
 1,022,651
 959,344
384,692
 347,403
 1,119,712
 1,022,651
Operating income116,861
 185,851
 390,052
 497,889
154,284
 116,861
 445,434
 390,052
              
Non-operating income (expense):              
Equity income (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net866
 (1,198) (1,549) (2,763)771
 866
 15,080
 (1,549)
Interest expense(51,855) (57,601) (162,113) (175,444)(48,226) (51,855) (145,055) (162,113)
Other non-operating items(3,671) (11,874) (26,853) (16,029)
Other non-operating items, net(214) (3,671) (13,005) (26,853)
Total(54,660)
(70,673) (190,515)
(194,236)(47,669)
(54,660) (142,980)
(190,515)
              
Income before income taxes62,201
 115,178
 199,537
 303,653
106,615
 62,201
 302,454
 199,537
Provision for income taxes11,447

38,441
 54,855

92,038
13,789

11,447
 61,929

54,855
Net Income from continuing operations50,754
 76,737
 144,682
 211,615
92,826
 50,754
 240,525
 144,682
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(10,803) 56,698
 (233,261) 132,141
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax4,325
 (10,803) 4,325
 (233,261)
Net income (loss)39,951
 133,435
 (88,579) 343,756
97,151
 39,951
 244,850
 (88,579)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations2,806
 (14,752) 58,698

(40,178)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations
 2,806
 

58,698
Net income (loss) attributable to TEGNA Inc.$42,757
 $118,683
 $(29,881) $303,578
$97,151
 $42,757
 $244,850
 $(29,881)
              
Earnings from continuing operations per share - basic$0.24
 $0.36
 $0.67

$0.98
$0.43
 $0.24
 $1.11

$0.67
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations per share - basic(0.04) 0.19
 (0.81) 0.42
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - basic0.02
 (0.04) 0.02
 (0.81)
Net income (loss) per share – basic$0.20
 $0.55
 $(0.14) $1.40
$0.45
 $0.20
 $1.13
 $(0.14)
              
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted$0.23
 $0.35
 $0.66

$0.96
$0.43
 $0.23
 $1.11

$0.66
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations per share - diluted(0.04) 0.19
 (0.80) 0.42
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - diluted0.02
 (0.04) 0.02
 (0.80)
Net income (loss) per share – diluted$0.19
 $0.54
 $(0.14) $1.38
$0.45
 $0.19
 $1.13
 $(0.14)
              
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:              
Basic shares215,863
 214,813
 215,558
 216,865
216,015
 215,863
 216,210
 215,558
Diluted shares218,095
 218,099
 217,827
 220,511
216,348
 218,095
 216,617
 217,827
              
Dividends declared per share$0.07
 $0.14
 $0.28
 $0.42
$0.07
 $0.07
 $0.21
 $0.28
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Unaudited, in thousands of dollars
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Net income (loss)$39,951
 $133,435
 $(88,579) $343,756
$97,151
 $39,951
 $244,850
 $(88,579)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (earnings not available to shareholders)36
 (1,353) (2,797) (3,628)
 36
 
 (2,797)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:       
Other comprehensive income, before tax:       
Foreign currency translation adjustments24,764
 (1,973) 34,126
 (7,934)(31) 24,764
 551
 34,126
Recognition of previously deferred post-retirement benefit plan costs2,201
 1,763
 6,603
 6,085
1,276
 2,201
 3,827
 6,603
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale investment during the period
 (3,743) 1,776
 (8,017)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax26,965
 (3,953) 42,505
 (9,866)
Income tax effect related to components of other comprehensive income (loss)(752) (688) (2,445) (2,368)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax26,213
 (4,641) 40,060
 (12,234)
Pension payment timing related charges1,198
 
 7,498
 
Unrealized gains on available for sale investment during the period
 
 
 1,776
Other comprehensive income, before tax2,443
 26,965
 11,876
 42,505
Income tax effect related to components of other comprehensive income(615) (752) (3,021) (2,445)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax1,828
 26,213
 8,855
 40,060
Comprehensive income (loss)66,200
 127,441
 (51,316) 327,894
98,979
 66,200
 253,705
 (51,316)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax1,360
 (12,470) 55,676
 (32,813)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax
 1,360
 
 55,676
Comprehensive income attributable to TEGNA Inc.$67,560
 $114,971
 $4,360
 $295,081
$98,979
 $67,560
 $253,705
 $4,360
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


TEGNA Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Unaudited, in thousands of dollars
Nine months ended Sept. 30,Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 20162018 2017
      
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net (loss) income$(88,579) $343,756
Net income (loss)$244,850

$(88,579)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization117,762
 153,197
64,385
 117,762
Stock-based compensation14,189
 13,216
12,292
 14,189
Loss on sale of CareerBuilder342,900
 
Other losses on sales of assets and impairment charges19,803
 24,082
Equity losses in unconsolidated investments, net1,488
 6,530
Pension (contributions), net of expense(12,547) 2,135
Loss on write down of CareerBuilder
 342,900
Other (gains) losses on sales of assets and impairment charges(6,991) 19,803
Equity (income) losses in unconsolidated investments, net(15,080) 1,488
Pension contributions, net of expense(39,932)
(12,547)
Spectrum channel share agreement proceeds32,588
 

 32,588
Change in other assets and liabilities, net(76,421) (88,153)73,136
 (75,865)
Net cash flow from operating activities351,183
 454,763
332,660
 351,739
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchase of property and equipment(63,846) (68,577)(35,281) (63,846)
Reimbursement from spectrum repacking5,057
 
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
 (196,751)(328,433) 
Payments for investments(2,778) (19,132)(11,309) (2,778)
Proceeds from sale of CareerBuilder, net of $36,581 cash transferred198,342
 

 198,342
Proceeds from investments15,122
 10,127
1,224
 15,989
Proceeds from sale of assets5,659
 1,024
Net cash flow from (used for) investing activities152,499
 (273,309)
Proceeds from sale of assets and businesses16,335
 5,659
Net cash flow (used for) provided by investing activities(352,407) 153,366
Cash flows from financing activities:      
(Payments) proceeds of borrowings under revolving credit facilities, net(635,000) 10,000
Proceeds (payments) of borrowings under revolving credit facilities, net72,000
 (635,000)
Proceeds from Cars.com borrowings675,000
 

 675,000
Proceeds from other borrowings
 300,000
Debt repayments(99,185) (249,592)(95,985) (99,185)
Payments of debt issuance costs(6,208) (1,684)(5,269) (6,208)
Dividends paid(75,109) (91,627)(45,219) (75,109)
Repurchases of common stock(8,453) (150,917)(5,831) (8,453)
Distributions to noncontrolling membership interests(22,980) 

 (22,980)
Cash transferred to the Cars.com business(20,133) 

 (20,133)
Other, net(5,180) (19,505)(4,224) (5,180)
Net cash flow used for financing activities(197,248) (203,325)(84,528) (197,248)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents306,434
 (21,871)
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, beginning of period15,879
 26,096
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations, beginning of period61,041
 103,104
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(104,275) 307,857
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations, beginning of period128,041
 44,076
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations, beginning of period
 61,041
Balance of cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period76,920
 129,200
128,041
 105,117
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, end of period383,354
 19,185
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations, end of period
 88,144
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations, end of period23,766
 412,974
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations, end of period
 
Balance of cash and cash equivalents, end of period$383,354
 $107,329
$23,766
 $412,974
   
Supplemental cash flow information:   
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds$104,422
 $145,052
Cash paid for interest$133,752
 $153,510
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


TEGNA Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – Basis of presentationAccounting Policies

Basis of presentation: Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial reporting, the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes which are normally included in the Form 10-K and annual report to shareholders. In our opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our (or “TEGNA’s”) audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2017.

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, business combinations, fair value measurements, post-retirement benefit plans, income taxes including deferred taxes, and contingencies. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities (VIEs) if we are the primary beneficiary. We eliminate all intercompany balances, transactions, and profits in consolidation. Investments in entities over which we have significant influence, but do not have control, are accounted for under the equity method. Our share of net earnings and losses from these ventures is included in “Equity income (loss) income in unconsolidated investments, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’year’s consolidated Statements of Incomefinancial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.presentation, specifically as it relates to our presentation of Investments and other assets in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

On May 31, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our digital automotive marketplace business, Cars.com. In addition, on July 31, 2017, we completed the sale of our majority ownership stake in CareerBuilder. Our digital marketing services (DMS) business is now reported within our Media business. As a result of these strategic actions, we have disposed of substantially all of our former Digital Segment business and have therefore classified its historical financial results as discontinued operations.operations in our Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 12, “Discontinued Operations”,operations,” for further details regarding the spin-off of Cars.com and the sale of CareerBuilder and the impact of each transaction on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

As a result, we operate one operating and reportable segment, which primarily consists of our 47 television stations operating in 39 markets, offering high-quality television programming and digital content. Our reportable segment determination is based on our management and internal reporting structure, the nature of products and services we offer, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker.

Accounting guidance adopted in 2017:2018: In March 2017,May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance that changes the presentation of net periodic pension and other post-retirement benefit costs (post-retirement benefit costs) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Under this new guidance, the service cost component of the post-retirement benefit expense will continue to be presented as an operating expense while all other components of post-retirement benefit expense will be presented as non-operating expense. Previously, all components of post-retirement benefit expense were presented as operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The FASB permitted early adoption of this guidance, and we elected to early adopt in the first quarter of 2017. We believe the new guidance provides enhanced financial reporting by limiting operating expense classification to the service cost component of post-retirement benefit expense. Service cost is the component of the expense that relates to services provided by employees in the current period and thus better reflects the current continuing operating costs. Changes to the classification of Consolidated Statements of Income amounts resulting from the new guidance were made on a retrospective basis, wherein each period presented was adjusted to reflect the effects of applying the new guidance. We utilized amounts previously disclosed in our retirement plan footnote to retrospectively apply the guidance. As a result of adopting this guidance, operating expenses in the third quarter and for the first nine months of 2017 were lower by $1.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively, while non-operating expenses were higher by the same amounts. In 2016, operating expenses in the third quarter and first nine months were reduced by $1.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively, with corresponding increases in non-operating expenses as a result of adopting this new guidance. Net income, earnings per share, and retained earnings were not impacted by the new guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, companies will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on Step 1 of the impairment test). The FASB permitted early adoption of this guidance, and we elected to early adopt in the second quarter of 2017 in connection with the calculation of CareerBuilder’s goodwill impairment charge, discussed in Note 12.

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted: In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance related to revenue recognition. Under the new guidance, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the guidance requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

We will adoptadopted the guidance beginning January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We began recognizing revenue under this new guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and did not restate prior years. We applied the standard to all contracts open as of January 1, 2018. The two permitted transition methods are the full retrospective method, in which case the guidance would be applied to eachcumulative prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the guidance was $3.7 million which was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings upon adoption. This adjustment represents a deferral of revenue associated with certain performance obligations that were not fully completed as of the reporting date. In addition, with the adoption of the new guidance, we have determined that certain barter revenue and expense related to syndicated programming will no longer be recognized. The revenue and expense previously recognized for this type of barter transaction would have been approximately $0.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $1.5 million in the nine months ended 2018. Other than these two items, there were no other changes to the timing and amount of revenue recognition for our contracts.

For contracts with an effective term of less than one year, and for our subscription revenue contracts, we applied certain of the standard’s practical expedients relating to disclosure that permit the exclusion of quantifying and disclosing unsatisfied performance obligations. In addition, the adoption of this standard did not result in significant changes to our accounting policies, business processes, systems or controls. See discussion of our revenue policy below.

In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which clarifies several specific cash flow classification issues. The objective of the new guidance is to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how these cash flows are presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. The guidance updated the classification in the Statement of Cash Flows in several areas. The most relevant updates for us are the following: 1) payments made for premiums, fees paid to lenders and other related third party costs when debt is repaid early will each be recognized at the earliest period shown; and the modified retrospective method, in which caseclassified as financing cash outflows (we have historically classified these types of cash payments as operating outflows), 2) contingent consideration payments made for acquisitions will be classified as either


operating, investing, or financing cash outflows depending on the cumulative effecttiming and nature of applyingthe payment, 3) cash receipts received due to the settlement of insurance claims will be classified as either operating or investing cash inflows, depending on the nature of the underlying loss, 4) proceeds received from trust owned life insurance policies will be classified as investing cash inflows (we have historically classified these types of cash receipts as operating inflows), and 5) distributions received from equity method investments will be classified as either operating or investing cash inflows, depending on the amount of cash received as compared to the amount of inception to date earnings recognized on the individual investment. We adopted the guidance would be recognized atretrospectively beginning in the datefirst quarter of initial application. We will adopt2018. As a result of adopting this guidance, we reclassified approximately $0.9 million of life insurance proceeds received in the guidance using the modified retrospective method.first nine months of 2017 from operating to investing inflows.

While we continueIn January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that amended several elements surrounding the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. Most notably for our company, the new guidance requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation) to evaluate the full impact of the guidance, webe measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For equity investments that do not believe that it will have a material impact onreadily determinable prices, those investments may be recorded at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. This new guidance requires us to adjust the value of our consolidated financial statements.cost method investments to account for any observable price changes in those investments. Cost method investments had previously been recorded at cost, less any impairments. We are in the process of evaluating the other requirements ofadopted the new standard, which may result in additional revenue related disclosures.

Based on our evaluation performed to date, we believe that 90% of our revenues will not be materially impacted by the new guidance. Specifically, our television spot advertising contracts, which comprised approximately 60% of 2016 revenue are short-term in nature with transaction price consideration agreed upon in advance. We expect revenue will continue to be recognized when commercials are aired. Further, we expect that subscription revenue earned under retransmission agreements will be recognized under the licensing of intellectual property guidance in the standard, which will not havefirst quarter of 2018 and the provision discussed above has been adopted on a material change to our current revenue recognition. Subscription revenue comprised approximately 30% of 2016 revenue. We continue to evaluate theprospective basis. There was no impact to our online digitalfinancial statements as a result of adopting this new guidance.

In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for certain tax effects that resulted from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), that was enacted into law as of December 22, 2017. The guidance addresses the accounting for amounts that had previously been recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income on a net tax basis, using the tax rate that was in effect at the time. Due to the reduction in the tax rates under the Tax Act, certain tax effects were “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income. This new guidance allows these stranded tax effects to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Other tax amounts stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income due to reasons other than the Tax Act may not be reclassified. As a result of adopting this guidance, in the first quarter of 2018, we reclassified approximately $24.8 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. We believe that reclassifying these amounts more accurately presents the balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of restricted cash which requires that on the statement of cash flows, amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents should be included within the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018 on a retrospective basis. As a result, restricted cash amounts that have historically been included in prepaid expenses and other services revenue (which represents approximately 10%current assets and investments and other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets are now included with cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We did not have any restricted cash as of September 30, 2018, however, these restricted cash balances totaled $29.2 million as of December 31, 2017, $29.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and $28.2 million as of December 31, 2016. Our restricted cash was used to pay deferred compensation and TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP) obligations. The adoption of this standard did not change our revenues).balance sheet presentation. See Note 10 for additional information about our restricted cash balances.

New accounting guidance not yet adopted:In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to leases which will require lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP—which requires only capital leases (renamed financing leases under the new guidance) to be recognized on the balance sheet—the new guidance will require both types offinance and operating leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The new guidance iswill be effective for usTEGNA beginning in the first quarter of 20192019. In July 2018, the FASB issued an amendment giving companies the option to apply the requirements of the standard in the period of adoption (January 1, 2019), with no restatement of prior periods. A cumulative effect of applying the guidance would be recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings. We plan to utilize this adoption method. We have formed a cross-functional team to oversee the implementation of the new guidance. Our ongoing implementation efforts include the review of our lease contracts, review of service contracts for embedded leases, and the deployment of a new lease software solution. In conjunction with adopting the new guidance, we are evaluating any changes needed to our current lease accounting policies and business practices. Based on the work performed to date, we currently estimate that our total assets and liabilities as presented on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018, will be adopted usingincrease by less than 5% as a modified retrospective approach.result of adopting this standard. We are currently evaluatingdo not expect the effect it is expectedstandard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.Consolidated Statements of Income. Additionally, we do not expect there to be a significant difference in our pattern of lease expense recognition under the new standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance changes the way credit losses on accounts receivable are estimated. Under current GAAP, credit losses on accounts receivable are recognized once it is probable that such losses will occur. Under the new guidance, we will be required to estimate credit losses based on the expected amount of future collections which may result in earlier recognition of allowance for doubtful accounts. The new guidance is effective for public companies beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and will be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the effect this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2016,

Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized upon the FASB issued new guidancetransfer of control of promised services to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which clarifies several specific cash flow classification issues. The objectiveare subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Amounts received from customers in advance of providing services to our customers are recorded as deferred revenue.
Our primary source of revenue is earned through the sale of advertising and marketing services (AMS). This revenue stream includes all sources of our traditional television and radio advertising, as well as digital revenues including Premion, our digital marketing services (DMS) business unit and other digital advertising across our platforms. Contracts within this revenue stream are short-term in nature (most often three months or less). Contracts generally consist of multiple deliverables, such as television commercials, or digital advertising solutions, that we have identified as individual performance obligations. Before performing under the contract we establish the transaction price with our customer based on the agreed upon rates for each performance obligation. There is no material variability in the transaction price during the term of the newcontract.
Revenue is recognized as we deliver our performance obligations to our customers. For our AMS revenue stream, we measure our performance based on the airing of the individual television commercials or display of digital advertisements. This measure is most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value we are providing to our customers. The price of each individual commercial and digital advertisement is negotiated with our customer and is determined based on multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the programming and day-part selected, supply of available inventory, our station’s viewership ratings and overall market conditions (e.g., timing of the year and strength of U.S. economy). Customers are billed monthly and payment is generally due 30 days after the date of invoice. Commission costs related to these contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short term nature of the contracts.
We also earn subscription revenue from retransmission consent contracts with multichannel video programming distributors (e.g., cable and satellite providers) and over the top providers (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet). Under these multi-year contracts, we have performance obligations to provide our customers with our stations’ signals, as well as our consent to retransmit those signals to their customers. Subscription revenue is recognized in accordance with the guidance for licensing intellectual property utilizing a usage based method. The amount of revenue earned is based on the number of subscribers to reducewhich our customers retransmit our signal, and the existing diversitynegotiated fee per subscriber included in practiceour contract agreement. Our customers submit payments monthly, generally within 60-90 days after the month that service was provided. Our performance obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized, as we provide our consent for our customers to retransmit our signal. This measure toward satisfaction of our performance obligations and recognition of revenue is the most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value that we are delivering to our customers through our retransmission consent.
We also generate revenue from the sale of political advertising. Contracts within this revenue stream are short term in hownature (typically weekly or monthly buys during political campaigns). Customers pre-pay these cash flowscontracts and we therefore defer the associated revenue until the advertising has been delivered, at which time we have satisfied our performance obligations and recognize revenue. Commission costs related to these contracts are presentedexpensed as incurred due to the short term nature of the contracts.
Our remaining revenue is comprised of various other services, primarily production services (for news content and commercials) and sublease rental income. Revenue is recognized as these various services are provided to our customers.
In instances where we sell services from more than one revenue stream to the same customer at the same time, we recognize one contract and allocate the transaction price to each deliverable element (e.g. performance obligation) based on the relative fair value of each element.
Revenue earned by categories in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for us beginning in the firstthird quarter and nine months of 2018 and early adoption is permitted. One classification change we will make when we adopt the standard relates to payments made for premiums, fees paid to lenders and other related third party costs when debt is repaid early. Under the new guidance these payments will be classified as financing cash outflows (we have historically classified these types of cash payments as operating outflows).2017 are shown below (amounts in thousands):
 Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2018 2017 2018 2017
        
Advertising & Marketing Services$264,852
 $277,817
 $829,638
 $843,175
Subscription207,463
 177,692
 622,382
 540,344
Political60,410
 3,783
 93,725
 13,387
Other6,251
 4,972
 19,401
 15,797
Total revenues$538,976
 $464,264
 $1,565,146
 $1,412,703


NOTE 2 – Goodwill and other intangible assets
The following table displays goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 20162017 (in thousands):
Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
Gross Accumulated Amortization Gross Accumulated AmortizationGross Accumulated Amortization Gross Accumulated Amortization
    (recast) (recast)       
Goodwill$2,579,417
 $
 $2,579,417
 $
$2,596,863
 $
 $2,579,417
 $
Indefinite-lived intangibles:              
Television station FCC licenses1,191,950
 
 1,191,950
 
Television and radio station FCC licenses1,384,186
 
 1,191,950
 
Amortizable intangible assets:              
Retransmission agreements110,191
 (58,586) 110,191
 (47,280)121,594
 (74,972) 110,191
 (62,355)
Network affiliation agreements43,485
 (18,139) 43,485
 (14,445)110,390
 (27,712) 43,485
 (19,371)
Other15,763
 (5,997) 15,763
 (4,825)28,865
 (8,227) 15,763
 (6,394)
Total indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets$1,361,389
 $(82,722) $1,361,389
 $(66,550)$1,645,035
 $(110,911) $1,361,389
 $(88,120)

Our retransmission agreementsconsent contracts and network affiliation agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Other intangibles primarily include customer relationships and favorable lease agreements which are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. During

On February 15, 2018 we acquired a business consisting of assets in San Diego: KFMB-TV (the CBS affiliated station), KFMB-D2 (the CW station), and radio stations KFMB-AM and KFMB-FM (collectively KFMB). The purchase price was $328.4 million, which included a final working capital payment of $2.5 million that we made to the secondsellers in the third quarter of 2017,2018. The purchase price was paid in cash and funded through the use of available cash and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In connection with this acquisition, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge within discontinued operationsindefinite lived intangible assets for FCC licenses of $192.2 million and amortizable intangible assets of $91.4 million, primarily related to retransmission consent contracts and network affiliation agreements. The amortizable assets will be amortized over a weighted average period of 10 years. We also recognized goodwill of $17.4 million as a result of the acquisition. We completed purchase accounting for the transaction in the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in an increase to our former CareerBuilder reporting unit. See Note 12 for further discussion.goodwill balance of $0.3 million in comparison with what we had previously disclosed.



NOTE 3 – Investments and other assets

Our investments and other assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2017,2018, and December 31, 20162017 (in thousands):
Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
  (recast)   
Cash value life insurance$60,873
 $64,134
$51,442
 $51,188
Deferred compensation investments28,593
 23,715
Equity method investments35,599
 18,016
32,651
 27,098
Available for sale investment
 16,744
Cost method investments24,212
 17,374
Deferred debt issuance cost7,008
 9,856
10,029
 6,048
Other long term assets41,146
 48,151
37,883
 35,458
Total$173,219
 $180,616
$156,217
 $137,166

Deferred compensation investmentsCash value life insurance: : Employee compensation-related investments consistWe are the beneficiary of debt and equity securitieslife insurance policies on the lives of certain employees/retirees, which are classifiedrecorded at their cash surrender value as trading securities and fund ourdetermined by the insurance carrier. These policies are utilized as a partial funding source for deferred compensation plan liabilities.and other non-qualified employee retirement plans. Gains and losses on these investments are included in Other non-operating expenses within our Consolidated Statement of Income and were not material for all periods presented.

Equity method investments:Investments over We hold several strategic equity method investments. Our largest equity method investment is our ownership in CareerBuilder, of which we haveown approximately 17% (or approximately 10% on a fully-diluted basis), representing an investment balance of $21.6 million as of September 30, 2018.

On May 14, 2018, CareerBuilder sold its subsidiary, Economic Modeling LLC (also known as EMSI). As a result, we received a dividend of $9.9 million in connection with the ability to exercise significant influence but do not control, are accounted for under thesale commensurate with our equity method of accounting. Significant influence typically exists when we own between 20% and 50% of the voting interestsownership in a corporation, own more than a minimal investment in a limited liability company, or hold substantial management rights in the investee. Under this method of accounting, ourCareerBuilder. Our share of CareerBuilder’s gain on the net earnings or lossessale of the investeeEMSI was approximately $16.8 million which is included in non-operatingEquity income (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net, on our Consolidated Statements of Income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate thatDuring the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss equal to the excess of carrying value over fair value is recorded in earnings in the current period.Certain differences exist between our investment carrying value and the underlying equity of the investee companies, principally due to fair value measurement at the date of investment acquisition and due to impairment charges we recorded for certain investments. As part of the agreement to sell the majority of CareerBuilder, we retained an investment of approximately 17% (or approximately 12% on a fully-diluted basis) in the entity. Our ownership stake provides us with two seats on CareerBuilder’s board of directors and thus we concluded that we have significant influence over the entity and have classified our investment as an equity method investment. In the third quarter of 2017, we recorded $0.5 million of equity earnings from our CareerBuilder investment.

On October 18, 2017, we closed on the sale of our equity investment in Livestream, a business specializing in live video streaming. Our share of the sale proceeds was $21.4 million.

Available for sale investment: Our investment in Gannett Co., Inc., common stock, was sold in its entirety during the third quarter of 2017. Proceeds from the sale were $14.6 million and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 20172018, we recorded losses of $0.4$15.7 million and $3.9 million, respectively. These losses are reflected in the Other non-operating items, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.equity income from our CareerBuilder investment.

Other long term assets: During the second quarter of 2017, we recognized a $5.8 million loss associated with a write-off of a note receivable from one of our equity method investments. This loss is reflected in Other non-operating items, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The loss was a result of a decision made during the second quarter of 2017 by the investee’s board of directors to discontinue the business, and the investee not having sufficient funds to repay the full note at that time.

Cost method investments: The carrying value of cost method investments was $15.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and $14.8 million as of December 31, 2016, and is included within other long term assets in the table above.
NOTE 4 – Income taxes
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was approximately $9.7 million as of September 30, 2017,2018, and $10.8$10.7 million as of December 31, 2016.2017. The amount of accrued interest and penalties payable related to unrecognized tax benefits was $1.2$1.4 million as of September 30, 2017,2018, and $1.5$1.6 million as of December 31, 2016.2017.
It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized benefits with respect to certain of our unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease within the next 12 months. These changes may be the result of settlement of ongoing audits, lapses of statutes of limitations or other regulatory developments. At this time, we estimate the amount of gross unrecognized tax positions may be reduced by up to approximately $3.5$3.9 million within the next 12 months primarily due to lapses of statutes of limitations and settlement of ongoing audits in various jurisdictions.
As discussed in Note 1, the Tax Act, was enacted into law as of December 22, 2017. Among other provisions, the Tax Act reduced the federal tax rate to 21% effective for us as of January 1, 2018. On the same date, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. We recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. We completed our 2017 U.S. federal return during the third quarter of 2018 and recorded measurement period adjustments for the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities at the reduced 21% federal tax rate that reduced tax expense by $5.3 million and our third quarter effective income tax rate by five percentage points. We will continue to analyze the effects of the Tax Act on our consolidated financial statements when state corporate income tax returns are filed in late 2018. Any additional impacts from the enactment will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.


NOTE 5 – Long-term debt
Our long-term debt is summarized below (in thousands):

Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
    
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through August 2018$28,400
 $52,100
VIE unsecured floating rate term loans due quarterly through December 2018808
 1,292
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through June 2020110,000
 140,000
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through September 2020240,000
 285,000
Borrowings under revolving credit agreement expiring June 2020
 635,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.125% due October 2019600,000
 600,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.125% due July 2020600,000
 600,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.875% due September 2021350,000
 350,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 6.375% due October 2023650,000
 650,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.50% due September 2024325,000
 325,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.75% due June 2027200,000
 200,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.25% due September 2027240,000
 240,000
Total principal long-term debt3,344,208
 4,078,392
Debt issuance costs(23,462) (27,615)
Other (fair market value adjustments and discounts)(4,934) (7,382)
Total long-term debt3,315,812
 4,043,395
Less current portion of long-term debt maturities280,646
 646
Long-term debt, net of current portion$3,035,166
 $4,042,749

In connection with and prior to the completion of the spin-off, Cars.com borrowed an aggregate principal amount of approximately $675.0 million under a revolving credit facility agreement. The proceeds were used to make a tax-free distribution of $650.0 million from Cars.com to TEGNA. In the second quarter of 2017, TEGNA used $609.9 million of the tax-free distribution proceeds to fully pay down our then-outstanding revolving credit agreement borrowings plus accrued interest. As of September 30, 2017, we had an unused borrowing capacity of $1.5 billion under our revolving credit facility.

As a result of the sale of our majority ownership stake in CareerBuilder we received cash proceeds of $198.3 million, net of cash transferred of $36.6 million. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2017 and prior to the closing of the sale, CareerBuilder issued a final cash dividend to its selling shareholders, of which $25.8 million was retained by TEGNA.

Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017
    
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through August 2018$
 $20,500
VIE unsecured floating rate term loans due quarterly through December 2018162
 646
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through June 202070,000
 100,000
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through September 2020180,000
 225,000
Borrowings under revolving credit agreement expiring June 202372,000
 
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.125% due October 2019320,000
 320,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.125% due July 2020600,000
 600,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.875% due September 2021350,000
 350,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 6.375% due October 2023650,000
 650,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.50% due September 2024325,000
 325,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.75% due June 2027200,000
 200,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.25% due September 2027240,000
 240,000
Total principal long-term debt3,007,162
 3,031,146
Debt issuance costs(16,766) (20,551)
Other (fair market value adjustments and discounts)(799) (2,902)
Total long-term debt2,989,597
 3,007,693
Less current portion of long-term debt maturities162
 646
Long-term debt, net of current portion$2,989,435
 $3,007,047

On October 16, 2017,June 21, 2018, we used the net proceeds from the CareerBuilder sale, as well as the remaining cash distribution from Cars.com and other cash on hand to retire $280.0 millionentered into an amendment of principal of our unsecured notes due in October 2019 on an accelerated basis. This principal amount was classified as current debt at the end of the third quarter of 2017 due to our intention to retire it in October 2017.

On August 1, 2017, we amended our Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement. Under the amended terms, the $1.51 billion of revolving credit commitments and letter of credit commitments have been extended until June 21, 2023. The amendment also extended our maximumpermitted total leverage ratio willto remain at 5.0x through June 30, 2018, after which, as amended, it will be reduced2019, reducing to 4.75x for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2019 through the end of the fiscal quarter ending June 201930, 2020, and then reducing to 4.5x until4.50x for the expiration datefiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 and thereafter.

As of theSeptember 30, 2018, we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.42 billion under our revolving credit agreement on June 29, 2020.facility.



NOTE 6 – Retirement plans

Our principal defined benefit pension plan is the TEGNA Retirement Plan (TRP). The disclosure table below includes the pension expenses of the TRP and the TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP). In connection with our acquisition of KFMB, we assumed its preexisting pension plan which, as of the acquisition date, had a total net pension obligation of $7.3 million. All plan participants’ benefits were frozen prior to the acquisition date. During the second quarter of 2018, the KFMB pension plan was merged into the TRP. The total net pension obligations, including both current and non-current liabilities, as of September 30, 2017,2018, were $199.0$130.9 million ($31.08.4 million is recorded as a current obligation within accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet).

Our pension costs, which primarily include costs for the qualified TRP plan and the nonqualifiednon-qualified SERP, plan, are presented in the following table (in thousands):
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Service cost-benefits earned during the period$218
 $204
 $654
 $612
$3
 $218
 $9
 $654
Interest cost on benefit obligation5,990
 6,449
 17,971
 19,636
5,721
 5,990
 15,945
 17,971
Expected return on plan assets(6,580) (6,691) (19,741) (20,073)(8,218) (6,580) (23,148) (19,741)
Amortization of prior service cost159
 165
 476
 505
42
 159
 126
 476
Amortization of actuarial loss2,081
 1,846
 6,242
 5,740
1,271
 2,081
 3,814
 6,242
Pension payment timing related charges1,198
 
 7,498
 
Expense for company-sponsored retirement plans$1,868
 $1,973
 $5,602
 $6,420
$17
 $1,868
 $4,244
 $5,602

The service cost component of our pension expense is recorded within the operating expense line items Cost of revenue, Business units - Selling, general and administrative, and Corporate - General and administrative within the Consolidated Statements of Income. All other components of theour pension expense are included within the Other non-operating items line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income.

During the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 we made $11.1 million in cash contributions to the TRP. No additional contributions are expected for the remainder of 2018. We made $10.9 million in cash contributions to the TRP and plan to make additional contributions of $1.7 million to the TRP during the fourth quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2017. We did not make any contributions to the TRP in 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 2016,2017, we made benefit payments to participants of the SERP of $32.9 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

In the first and $4.2third quarters of 2018, we accelerated the recognition of previously deferred pension costs as a result of lump sum SERP payments made to certain former executives. The first and third quarter charges were $6.3 million respectively.and $1.2 million, respectively, and were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost.


NOTE 7 – Supplemental equity information
The following table summarizes equity account activity for the nine months ended September 30, 20172018 and 20162017 (in thousands):
TEGNA Inc. Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total EquityTEGNA Inc. Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
     
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017$995,041
 $
 $995,041
Comprehensive income:     
Net income244,850
 
 244,850
Other comprehensive income8,855
 
 8,855
Total comprehensive income253,705
 
 253,705
Dividends declared(45,193) 
 (45,193)
Stock-based compensation12,292
 
 12,292
Treasury shares acquired(5,831) 
 (5,831)
Impact from adoption of new revenue standard(3,724) 
 (3,724)
Other activity, including shares withheld for employee taxes(707) 
 (707)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2018$1,205,583
 $
 $1,205,583
          
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016$2,271,418
 $281,587
 $2,553,005
$2,271,418
 $281,587
 $2,553,005
Comprehensive income:          
Net loss(29,881) (58,698) (88,579)(29,881) (58,698) (88,579)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (income not available to shareholders)
 (2,797) (2,797)
 (2,797) (2,797)
Other comprehensive income34,241
 5,819
 40,060
34,241
 5,819
 40,060
Total comprehensive income (loss)4,360
 (55,676) (51,316)4,360
 (55,676) (51,316)
Dividends declared(60,121) 
 (60,121)(60,121) 
 (60,121)
Stock-based compensation14,189
 
 14,189
14,189
 
 14,189
Treasury shares acquired(8,453) 
 (8,453)(8,453) 
 (8,453)
Spin-off of Cars.com(1,510,851) 
 (1,510,851)(1,510,851) 
 (1,510,851)
Deconsolidation of CareerBuilder
 (225,911) (225,911)
 (225,911) (225,911)
Other activity, including shares withheld for employee taxes(4,667) 
 (4,667)(4,667) 
 (4,667)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2017$705,875
 $
 $705,875
$705,875
 $
 $705,875
     
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015$2,191,971
 $264,773
 $2,456,744
Comprehensive income:     
Net income303,578
 40,178
 343,756
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (income not available to shareholders)
 (3,628) (3,628)
Other comprehensive (loss)(8,497) (3,737) (12,234)
Total comprehensive income295,081
 32,813
 327,894
Dividends declared(90,755) 
 (90,755)
Stock-based compensation13,216
 
 13,216
Treasury shares acquired(150,917) 
 (150,917)
Spin-off of Publishing businesses(39,456) 
 (39,456)
Other activity, including shares withheld for employee taxes(17,645) (2,923) (20,568)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2016$2,201,495
 $294,663
 $2,496,158



The following table summarizes the components of, and the changes in, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL), net of tax and noncontrolling interests (in thousands):
 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation (1) Other Total
        
Quarters Ended:       
Balance at June 30, 2017$(124,632) $(23,608) $2,364
 $(145,876)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 1,428
 
 1,428
Amounts reclassified from AOCL1,351
 22,024
 
 23,375
Other comprehensive income1,351
 23,452
 
 24,803
Balance at Sept. 30, 2017$(123,281) $(156) $2,364
 $(121,073)
        
Balance at June 30, 2016$(113,854) $(23,282) $1,400
 $(135,736)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 (1,043) (3,743) (4,786)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL1,075
 
 
 1,075
Other comprehensive income (loss)1,075
 (1,043) (3,743) (3,711)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2016$(112,779) $(24,325) $(2,343) $(139,447)
        
        
 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation (1) Other Total
        
Nine Months Ended:       
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016$(127,341) $(28,560) $(5,672) $(161,573)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 6,380
 (1,707) 4,673
Amounts reclassified from AOCL4,060
 22,024
 9,743
 35,827
Other comprehensive income4,060
 28,404
 8,036
 40,500
Balance at Sept. 30, 2017$(123,281) $(156) $2,364
 $(121,073)
        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015$(116,496) $(20,129) $5,674
 $(130,951)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 (4,196) (8,017) (12,213)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL3,717
 
 
 3,717
Other comprehensive income (loss)3,717
 (4,196) (8,017) (8,496)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2016$(112,779) $(24,325) $(2,343) $(139,447)
        
(1) Our entire foreign currency translation adjustment is related to our CareerBuilder investment. As a result of deconsolidating the investment due to the sale of our majority ownership, we reclassified the translation adjustment from AOCL to the Consolidated Statement of Income as of the date of sale, July 31, 2017. Due to the noncontrolling stake that we retained in CareerBuilder, we will continue to record our ownership share of foreign currently translation adjustments through our equity method investment.








 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Other Total
        
Quarters Ended:       
Balance at June 30, 2018$(125,288) $547
 $
 $(124,741)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 (23) 
 (23)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL1,851
 
 
 1,851
Total other comprehensive income1,851
 (23) 
 1,828
Balance at Sept. 30, 2018$(123,437) $524
 $
 $(122,913)
        
Balance at June 30, 2017$(124,632) $(23,608) $2,364
 $(145,876)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 1,428
 
 1,428
Amounts reclassified from AOCL1,351
 22,024
 
 23,375
Other comprehensive income1,351
 23,452
 
 24,803
Balance at Sept. 30, 2017$(123,281) $(156) $2,364
 $(121,073)
        
 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation Other Total
        
Nine Months Ended:       
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017$(107,037) $114
 $
 $(106,923)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 410
 
 410
Amounts reclassified from AOCL8,445
 
 
 8,445
Total other comprehensive income8,445
 410
 
 8,855
Reclassification of stranded tax effects to retained earnings(24,845) 
 
 (24,845)
Balance at Sept. 30, 2018$(123,437) $524
 $
 $(122,913)
        
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016$(127,341) $(28,560) $(5,672) $(161,573)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 6,380
 (1,707) 4,673
Amounts reclassified from AOCL4,060
 22,024
 9,743
 35,827
Other comprehensive income4,060
 28,404
 8,036
 40,500
Balance at Sept. 30, 2017$(123,281) $(156) $2,364
 $(121,073)
        



Reclassifications from AOCL to the Statement of Income are comprised of pension and other post-retirement components and a loss on our available for sale investment.components. Pension and other post retirement reclassifications are related to the amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of actuarial losses. The loss on our available for sale investments represents an other than temporary impairment (OTTI) recognized on our investment in shares of common stock of Gannett Co., Inc. in the second quarter of 2017. The OTTI loss represents the amount of loss previously recorded to AOCL which was recognized as a non-operating expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income due to the fact that we did not expect the investment to fully recover the losses, priorand pension payment timing related charges related to our sale of it. We sold the entirety of our investment in Gannett Co., Inc. common stock in the third quarter of 2017.SERP plan. Amounts reclassified out of AOCL are summarized below (in thousands):
Quarter ended
Sept. 30,
 Nine months ended
Sept. 30,
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost$16
 $(22) $48
 $108
$(101) $16
 $(302) $48
Amortization of actuarial loss2,185
 1,785
 6,555
 5,977
1,376
 2,185
 4,129
 6,555
Reclassification of CareerBuilder foreign currency translation22,024
 
 22,024
 

 22,024
 
 22,024
Reclassification of available for sale investment
 
 9,743
 

 
 
 9,743
Pension payment timing related charges1,198
 
 7,498
 
Total reclassifications, before tax24,225
 1,763
 38,370
 6,085
2,473
 24,225
 11,325
 38,370
Income tax effect(850) (688) (2,543) (2,368)(622) (850) (2,880) (2,543)
Total reclassifications, net of tax$23,375
 $1,075
 $35,827
 $3,717
$1,851
 $23,375
 $8,445
 $35,827

Performance Share Award Program

During the first quarter of 2018, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (LDCC) of the Board of Directors established new performance metrics for long-term incentive awards for our executives under the Company’s 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010), as amended, designed to better reflect TEGNA as a pure-play broadcaster. On March 1, 2018, we granted certain employees performance share awards (PSAs) reflecting these new metrics with aggregate target awards of approximately 0.6 million shares of our common stock.

The number of shares earned under the March 1 PSAs will be determined based on the achievement of certain financial performance criteria (adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow as defined by the PSA) over a two-year cumulative financial performance period. If the financial performance criteria are met and certified by the LDCC, the shares earned under the PSA will be subject to an additional one year service period before the common stock is released to the employees. The PSAs do not pay dividends or allow voting rights during the performance period. Therefore, the fair value of the PSA is the quoted market value of our stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant performance period. The PSA provides the LDCC with limited discretion to make adjustments to the financial targets to ensure consistent year-to-year comparison for the performance criteria.

For expense recognition, in the period it becomes probable that the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA will be achieved, we will recognize expense for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the shares subject to the PSA related to the vesting period that has already lapsed. Each reporting period we will adjust the fair value of the PSAs to the quoted market value of our stock price. In the event we determine it is no longer probable that we will achieve the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA, we will reverse all of the previously recognized compensation expense in the period such a determination is made.



NOTE 8 – Earnings per share

Our earnings per share (basic and diluted) are presented below (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts):
Quarter ended
Sept. 30,
 Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 2017 20162018 2017 2018 2017
              
Net income from continuing operations$50,754
 $76,737
 $144,682
 $211,615
$92,826
 $50,754
 $240,525
 $144,682
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax(10,803) 56,698
 (233,261) 132,141
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations2,806
 (14,752) 58,698
 (40,178)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax4,325
 (10,803) 4,325
 (233,261)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations
 2,806
 
 58,698
Net income (loss) attributable to TEGNA Inc.$42,757
 $118,683
 $(29,881) $303,578
$97,151
 $42,757
 $244,850
 $(29,881)
              
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic215,863
 214,813
 215,558
 216,865
216,015
 215,863
 216,210
 215,558
Effect of dilutive securities:    

 

    

 

Restricted stock units828
 1,630
 880
 1,662
167
 828
 116
 880
Performance share units721
 775
 674
 1,049

 721
 72
 674
Stock options683
 881
 715
 935
166
 683
 219
 715
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted218,095
 218,099
 217,827
 220,511
216,348
 218,095
 216,617
 217,827
              
Earnings from continuing operations per share - basic$0.24
 $0.36
 $0.67
 $0.98
$0.43
 $0.24
 $1.11
 $0.67
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations per share - basic(0.04) 0.19
 (0.81) 0.42
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - basic0.02
 (0.04) 0.02
 (0.81)
Net income (loss) per share - basic$0.20
 $0.55
 $(0.14) $1.40
$0.45
 $0.20
 $1.13
 $(0.14)
              
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted$0.23
 $0.35
 $0.66
 $0.96
$0.43
 $0.23
 $1.11
 $0.66
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations per share - diluted(0.04) 0.19
 (0.80) 0.42
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per share - diluted0.02
 (0.04) 0.02
 (0.80)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted$0.19
 $0.54
 $(0.14) $1.38
$0.45
 $0.19
 $1.13
 $(0.14)

Our calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the impact of the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, performance share units, and the exercise of outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method when dilutive. The diluted earnings per share amounts exclude the effects of approximately 96,000189,000 and 142,000235,000 stock awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, respectively; and 192,00096,000 and 292,000142,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016,2017, respectively, as their inclusion would be accretive to earnings per share.


NOTE 9 – Fair value measurement

We measure and record in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements certain assets and liabilities at fair value. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between market data (observable inputs) and our own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:

Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using our own estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured atOur deferred compensation investments were valued using Level 1 inputs with a fair value of $14.6 million as of December 31, 2017. Our deferred compensation assets were invested in a fixed income mutual fund. During the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheetsfirst quarter of 2018, we liquidated the deferred compensation investment to cover payments made to SERP participants (see Note 6).

Cost method investments in private companies are recorded at cost, less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. The carrying value of these investments was $24.2 million as of September 30, 2017,2018 and $17.4 million as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 Fair Value Measurements as of Sept. 30, 2017
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
        
Available for sale investment
 
 
 
Total$
 $
 $
 $
        
Deferred compensation investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:  
Interest in registered investment companies      $14,921
Fixed income fund      13,672
Total investments at fair value      $28,593
2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 there were no events or changes in circumstance that suggested an impairment or an


 Fair Value Measurements as of Dec. 31, 2016 (recast)
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
        
Available for sale investment16,744
 
 
 16,744
Total$16,744
 $
 $
 $16,744
        
Deferred compensation investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:  
Interest in registered investment companies      $10,140
Fixed income fund      13,575
Total investments at fair value      $40,459
observable price change to any of these investments. The cost method investments are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Available for sale investment: Our investment previously consisted of shares of common stock of Gannett Co., Inc., which had been classified as a Level 1 asset as the shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. During the second quarter of 2017 we recorded an OTTI loss in the non-operating items line item of the Consolidated Statement of Income, and in the third quarter of 2017 we sold the investment in its entirety.

Interest in registered investment companies: These investments include one fund which invests in intermediate-term investment grade bonds and a fund which invests in equities listed predominantly on European and Asian exchanges. Funds are valued using the net asset values as quoted through publicly available pricing sources and investments are redeemable on request.

Fixed income fund investment: Valued using the net asset value provided monthly by the fund company and shares are generally redeemable on request. There are no unfunded commitments to these investments as of September 30, 2017.

In addition to the financial instruments listed in the table above, weWe additionally hold other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and debt. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated their fair values. The fair value of our total debt, based on the bid and ask quotes for the related debt (Level 2), totaled $3.49$3.06 billion at September 30, 2017,2018, and $4.19$3.16 billion at December 31, 2016.2017.

The sale of the majority of our ownership in CareerBuilder resulted in a $342.9 million pre-tax loss recorded within discontinued operations (see Note 12). The loss includes a goodwill impairment charge of $332.9 million. The valuation used in


the Step 1 goodwill impairment test was based on the enterprise value determined in the purchase agreement (which represents a Level 3 input in the fair value hierarchy).

During the third quarter of 2017, a few of our television stations were impacted by hurricanes Harvey and Irma. In particular, Hurricane Harvey caused major damage to our Houston television station (KHOU), and as a result, we recognized $10.2 million in non-cash charges, writing off destroyed equipment and recording an impairment to the value of the building (fair value of the building was determined using a market based valuation). In addition, we incurred $8.4 million in cash expenses related to repairing the studio and office and providing for additional staffing and operational needs to keep the station operating during and immediately following these weather emergencies. Partially offsetting these expenses, we received initial insurance proceeds of $11.0 million ($5.0 million was received as of September 30, 2017 and $6.0 million was received in October 2017). The net expense impact from the hurricane of $7.6 million has been recorded in asset impairment and facility consolidation charges on our Consolidated Statements of Income.

We also recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $5.8 million in the second quarter of 2017 associated with the write-off of a note receivable from one of our equity method investments (see Note 3).




NOTE 10 – Business segmentSupplemental cash flow information

Our reportable segment determination is basedThe following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, as reported on our managementCondensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, to cash, cash equivalents, and internal reporting structure, the naturerestricted cash, as reported on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of products and services offered by the segments, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker.Cash Flows (in thousands):
 Sept. 30, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017 Sept. 30, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents included in:       
Continuing operations$23,766
 $98,801
 $383,354
 $15,879
Discontinued operations
 
 
 61,041
Restricted cash equivalents included in:       
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 29,240
 
 
Investments and other assets
 
 29,620
 28,197
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$23,766
 $128,041
 $412,974
 $105,117

Immediately following the spin-offOur restricted cash equivalents consist of Cars.comhighly liquid investments that were held within a rabbi trust and the sale ofwere used to pay our majority stake in CareerBuilder, we began classifying our operations as one operatingdeferred compensation and reportable segment, Media, which consists of our 46 television stations operating in 38 markets, offering high-quality television programming and digital content. Also now included in the Media Segment is our DMS business which was previously reported in our Digital Segment.SERP obligations.

As a result of classifying the former Digital Segment’s historical financial results as discontinued operations there is no remaining activity in 2017 as shown in the tables below. The 2016 activity shown below for our Digital Segment relatesfollowing table provides additional information about cash flows related to our former Cofactor business which did not meet the criteria for discontinued operation reporting when the business was sold in December 2016. The historical periods below have also been updated to restate the historical results of our DMS business within our Media business.interest and taxes (in thousands):
 Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2018 2017
Supplemental cash flow information:   
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds$51,325
 $104,422
Cash paid for interest$121,616
 $133,752

Segment operating results are summarized as follows (in thousands):
 Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2017 2016 2017 2016
   (recast)   (recast)
Revenues:       
Media$464,264
 $517,021
 $1,412,703
 $1,449,202
Digital
 2,596
 
 8,031
Total$464,264
 $519,617
 $1,412,703
 $1,457,233
        
Operating Income (net of depreciation, amortization, asset impairment and facility consolidation charges):       
Media (a)
$130,338
 $219,766
 $433,629
 $568,163
Digital
 (17,832) 
 (23,300)
Corporate (a)
(13,477) (16,083) (43,577) (46,974)
Total$116,861
 $185,851
 $390,052
 $497,889
        
Depreciation, amortization, asset impairment and facility consolidation charges:       
Media$27,538
 $18,583
 $67,864
 $59,735
Digital
 15,565
 
 16,297
Corporate596
 57
 1,115
 3,109
Total$28,134
 $34,205
 $68,979
 $79,141
        
(a) In the first quarter of 2017, we adopted new accounting guidance that changed the classification of certain components of net periodic pension and other post-retirement benefit expense (post-retirement benefit expense). The service cost component of the post-retirement benefit expense will continue to be presented as an operating expense while all other components of post-retirement benefit expense will be presented as non-operating expense. The prior year period was adjusted to reflect the effects of applying the new guidance. This resulted in an increase to operating income in third quarter of 2017 and 2016 of $1.7 million and $1.8 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 of $4.9 million and $5.8 million, respectively. Net income, earnings per share, and retained earnings were not impacted by the new standard.




NOTE 11 – Other matters

Commitments, contingencies and other matters

In the third quarter of 2018, certain national media outlets reported the existence of a confidential investigation by the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DOJ) into the local television advertising sales practices of station owners. We have received a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) in connection with the DOJ’s investigation. The investigation is ongoing.

Since the national media reports, numerous putative class action lawsuits have been filed against owners of television stations (the advertising cases) in different jurisdictions. The advertising cases assert antitrust and other claims and seek monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest, as well as injunctions against the allegedly wrongful conduct. We have been named as a defendant in sixteen of the advertising cases.

The advertising cases are in the very early stages, and have been consolidated into a single proceeding in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. We deny any violation of law, believe that the claims asserted in the advertising cases are without merit, and intend to defend ourselves vigorously against them.

We, along with a number of our subsidiaries, also are defendants in other judicial and administrative proceedings involving matters incidental to our business. We do not believe that any material liability will be imposed as a result of theseany of the foregoing matters.

Voluntary Retirement Program

During the first quarter of 2016, we initiated a Voluntary Retirement Program (VRP) at our Media Segment. Under the VRP, Media employees meeting certain eligibility requirements were offered buyout payments in exchange for voluntarily retiring. Eligible non-union employees had until April 7, 2016, to retire under the plan. In 2016, based on acceptances received, we recorded $16.0 million of severance expense. Upon separation, employees accepting the VRP received salary continuation payments primarily based on years of service, the majority of which occurred evenly over the 12-month period following separation date. As of September 30, 2017, we had less than $0.4 million of VRP buyout obligation remaining.

FCC Broadcast Spectrum Program

Congress authorizedIn April 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to conductFCC announced the completion of a voluntary incentive auction to reallocate certain spectrum currently occupied by television broadcast stations to mobile wireless broadband services, along with a related “repacking” of the television spectrum for remaining television stations. The repacking requires that certain television stations move to different channels, and some stations will have smaller service areas and/or experience additional interference. Congress announced the results of the auction, including a list of the stations to be repacked, in April 2017. None of our stations will relinquish any spectrum rights as a result of the


auction, and accordingly we will not receive any incentive auction proceeds. The FCC has, however, notified us that 13 of our stations will be repacked to new channels. In general, television stations moving channels may have smaller service areas and/or experience additional interference; however, based on our transition planning to date, we do not expect the repacking to have any material effect on the geographic areas or populations served by our repacked full-power stations’ over-the-air signals. The legislation authorizing the incentive auction and repacking established a $1.75 billion fund for reimbursement of costs incurred by stations required to change channels in the repacking. Subsequent legislation enacted on March 23, 2018, appropriated an additional $1 billion for the repacking fund, of which up to $750 million may be made available to repacked full power and Class A television stations and multichannel video programming distributors. Other funds are earmarked to assist affected low power television stations, television translator stations, and FM radio stations, as well for consumer education efforts. Some of our television translator stations have been or will be displaced as a result of the repacking, and thus are eligible under the new repacking funds appropriation to seek reimbursement for costs incurred as a result of such displacement (subject to the translator locating an available alternative channel, which is not guaranteed).

The repacking process is scheduled to occur over a 39-month period, divided into ten phases. Our full power stations have been assigned to phases two through nine, and a majority of our capital expenditures in connection with the repack will occur in 2018 and 2019. To date, we have incurred approximately $7.9 million in capital expenditures for the spectrum repack project (of which $6.6 million was paid during the first nine months of 2018). We have received FCC reimbursements of approximately $5.1 million through September 30, 2018. The reimbursements were recorded as a contra operating expense within our asset impairment and other (gains) charges line item on our Consolidated Statement of Income and reported as an investing inflow on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

We are eligibleEach repacked full power commercial television station, including each of our 13 repacked stations, has been allocated a reimbursement amount equal to seek reimbursement forapproximately 92.5% of the station’s estimated repacking costs, associated with implementing changes to our facilities requiredas verified by the repack. The legislation authorizing the incentive auction and repacking established a $1.75 billionFCC’s fund for reimbursement of costs incurred by stations required to change channels in the repacking. The FCC has reported that the aggregate cost estimated by repacked stations to complete the repack will be almost $1.9 billion. In October 2017, the FCC announced that it had made an approximately $1 billion allocation from the fund to repacked stations to allow those stations to begin to be reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with the construction of facilities on reassigned channels. This allocation represents approximately 52% of the total estimated demand for repack funds.administrator. Although we expect the FCC to make additional allocations from the fund, it is not clear at this time whetherguaranteed that the FCC ultimately will receive from Congress the additional fundsapprove all reimbursement requests necessary to completely reimburse each repacked station for all amounts incurred in connection with the repack. Beyond the potential for not being reimbursed for all amounts we incur, it is still too early to predict the ultimate impact of the incentive auction and repacking upon our business.

As noted above, while we did not sell any of our spectrumReduction in the auction, we did enter into a channel share agreement with another broadcaster that sold spectrum in the auction. Pursuant to the terms of our channel share agreement we received $32.6 million in cash proceeds duringForce Programs

During the third quarter of 2017. These proceeds2018, we initiated reduction in force programs at our corporate headquarters and our DMS business unit, which resulted in a total severance charge of $7.3 million. The corporate headquarters reductions were deferredpart of our ongoing consolidations of our corporate structure following our strategic transformation into a pure play broadcast company. The reduction in force at our DMS unit is a result of a rebranding of our service offerings and unification of our sales strategy to better serve our customers. A majority of the employees impacted by these reductions will receive lump sum severance payments. The severance payments from these programs will be amortized on a straight-line basis as other revenue over a 20 year period. The $32.6 million cash proceeds were reflected as cash flow from operating activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statementspaid by the end of Cash Flow.the third quarter of 2019.

NOTE 12 – Discontinued operations

Cars.com spin-off

On May 31, 2017, we completed the previously announced spin-off of Cars.com creating two publicly traded companies: TEGNA, an innovative media company with the largest broadcast group among major network affiliates in the top 25 markets; and Cars.com, a leading digital automotive marketplace.Cars.com. The spin-off was effected through a pro rata distribution of all outstanding common shares of Cars.com to TEGNA stockholders of record at the close of business on May 18, 2017 (the “Record Date”)Record Date). Stockholders retained their TEGNA shares and received one share of Cars.com for every three shares of TEGNA stock they owned on the Record Date. Cars.com began “regular way” trading on the New York Stock Exchange on June 1, 2017 under the symbol “CARS”. In connection with the Cars.com spin-off, we received a one time tax-free cash distribution from Cars.com of $650.0 million. In the second quarter of 2017, we used $609.9 million of the tax-free distribution proceeds to fully pay down outstanding revolving credit agreement borrowings. In October 2017, we used the remainder of the proceeds to pay down a portion of the outstanding principal on unsecured notes due in October 2019 (see Note 5).



Separation Agreement

We entered into a separation agreement with Cars.com which sets forth, among other things, the identified assets transferred, the liabilities assumed and the contracts assigned to each of TEGNA and Cars.com as part of the separation and the conditions related to the distribution of Cars.com outstanding stock to TEGNA stockholders.

Transition Services Agreement

We entered into a transition services agreement with Cars.com prior to the distribution pursuant to which we and our subsidiaries will provide certain services to Cars.com on an interim and transitional basis, not to exceed 24 months. The services to be provided include certain tax, human resource and risk management consulting services, and certain other short term services to complete a limited number of ongoing analysis projects. The agreed upon charges for such services are generally intended to allow us to recover all costs and expenses of providing such services, and such charges are not expected to be material to either us or Cars.com.

The transition services agreement will terminate on the expiration of the term of the last service provided under it, with a minimum service period of 60 days and a maximum service period of 24 months, with most services expected to last for less than the maximum service period following the distribution date. Cars.com generally can terminate a particular service prior to the scheduled expiration date, subject generally to the minimum service period and a minimum notice period of 45 days.

Tax Matters Agreement

Prior to the distribution, we entered into a tax matters agreement that governs the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes (including taxes arising in the ordinary course of business and taxes, if any, incurred as a result of any failure of the distribution and certain related transactions to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes), tax attributes, the preparation and filing of tax returns, the control of audits and other tax proceedings and assistance and cooperation in respect of tax matters.

Employee Matters Agreement

We entered into an employee matters agreement with Cars.com prior to the distribution to allocate liabilities and responsibilities relating to employment matters, employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters. The employee matters agreement governs certain compensation and employee benefit obligations with respect to the current and former employees and non-employee directors of each company.

The employee matters agreement provides that, unless otherwise specified, Cars.com will be responsible for liabilities associated with employees who will be employed by Cars.com following the spin-off and former employees whose last employment was with the Cars.com businesses, and we will be responsible for all other current and former TEGNA employees. Cars.com will retain sponsorship of 401(k) retirement plans, deferred compensation plans and other incentive plans maintained for the exclusive benefit of Cars.com employees as well as various welfare plans applicable to the Cars.com employees.

CareerBuilder Sale

On July 31, 2017, we sold our majority ownership interest in CareerBuilder to an investor group led by investment funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, LLC, a leading global alternative investment manager, and the Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board. Our share of the pre-tax net cash proceeds from the sale was $198.3 million. These net proceeds were used in October 2017 to pay down existing debt (see Note 5). Additionally, during the third quarter of 2017 and prior to the closing of the sale, CareerBuilder issued a final dividend to its selling shareholders, of which $25.8 million was retained by TEGNA. As part of the agreement, we remain an ongoing partner in CareerBuilder, reducing our 53% controlling interest toretaining an approximately 17% interest (or approximately 12%10% on a fully-diluted basis) and two seats on CareerBuilder’s 10 person board. As a result, subsequent toFollowing the sale, CareerBuilder is no longer consolidated within our reported operating results. Our remaining ownership interest will beis being accounted for as an equity method investment. Subsequent toIn the datefirst nine months of sale2018, we recorded $0.5$15.7 million of equity earnings during the remainder of the third quarter of 2017 from our remaining interest in CareerBuilder.

Financial Statement Presentation of Digital Segment

As a result of the Cars.com and CareerBuilder transactions described above, the operating results and financial position of our former Digital Segment have been included in discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statements of Income for all applicable periods presented. The resultsthe prior year period.

In the third quarter of 2018, we recorded a tax benefit from discontinued operations of $4.3 million. The tax benefit primarily relates to updating the 2017 income tax provision estimates for the nine months ended September 2017 include a $342.9 million pre-tax loss relatedCareerBuilder and Cars.com to the sale2017 federal tax return completed during the third quarter of CareerBuilder (after noncontrolling interest, $271.7 million of the pre-tax loss is attributable to TEGNA). The pre-tax loss includes a goodwill impairment charge of $332.9 million and costs to sell the business of $10.9 million. Fair value used for the pre-tax loss was based on the enterprise value of CareerBuilder as determined in the definitive purchase agreement.

2018.


The carrying value of the assets and liabilities of our former Digital Segment’s discontinued operations as of December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
  
 Dec. 31, 2016
  
ASSETS 
Cash and cash equivalents$61,041
Accounts receivable, net214,171
Property and equipment, net74,695
Goodwill1,488,112
Other Intangibles, net1,718,592
Other assets71,193
Total assets$3,627,804
  
LIABILITIES 
Accounts payable$166,853
Deferred revenue110,071
Deferred tax liability280,264
Other liabilities66,969
Total liabilities$624,157

The financial results of discontinued operations in the third quarter and the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are presented as a loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax, on our Consolidated Statements of Income. The following table presents the 2017 financial results of discontinued operations (in thousands):

 
Quarter ended
Sept. 30,
 
Nine months ended
Sept. 30,
 2017 (1) 2016 2017 (1) 2016 (2)
        
Operating revenues$54,874
 $340,649
 $647,021
 $999,929
        
Cost of revenue and SG&A expenses60,301
 228,152
 522,287
 708,815
Depreciation
 9,421
 19,569
 24,843
Amortization
 23,385
 40,300
 68,159
Loss on sale of CareerBuilder(1,872) 
 342,900
 
Total operating expenses58,429
 260,958
 925,056
 801,817
        
Total operating (loss) income(3,555) 79,691
 (278,035) 198,112
        
Non-operating income (expense)647
 (3,304) (1,078) (8,989)
        
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, before income taxes(2,908) 76,387
 (279,113) 189,123
Provision for income taxes(7,895) (19,689) 45,852
 (56,982)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax$(10,803) $56,698
 $(233,261) $132,141
        
(1) The quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2017 include CareerBuilder’s operations through the date of sale on July 31, 2017. Cars.com operations are included in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 through the date of spin-off on May 31, 2017.
(2) The nine months ended September 30, 2016 include approximately $7.5 million of net loss from discontinued operations related to the operations of our former Sightline business through the date of sale on March 18, 2016.
 Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2017 (1) 
Nine months ended
Sept. 30, 2017 (1)
    
Revenues$54,874
 $647,021
Operating expenses58,429
 925,056
Loss from discontinued operations, before income taxes(2,908) (279,113)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes(7,895) 45,852
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax(10,803) (233,261)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests from discontinued operations$2,806
 $58,698

(1) The quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2017 include CareerBuilder’s operations through the date of sale on July 31, 2017. Cars.com operations are included in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 through the date of spin-off on May 31, 2017.


The financial results reflected above may not represent our former Digital stand alone operating results, as the results reported within income from discontinued operations, net, include only certain costs that are directly attributable to those businesses and exclude certain corporate overhead costs that were previously allocated. For earnings per share information on discontinued operations, see Note 8.
In our Condensed Consolidated StatementsStatement of Cash Flows, the cash flows from discontinued operations are not separately classified. As such, major categoriesclassified, but supplemental cash flow information for these business units is presented below. The depreciation, amortization, and significant cash investing items of the discontinued operation cash flows for theoperations were as follows (in thousands):
 Nine Months ended Sept. 30, 2017 (1)
  
Depreciation$19,569
Amortization of intangible assets40,300
Capital expenditures$37,441

(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes Cars.com through the spin-off date of
May 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented below (in thousands):CareerBuilder’s operations through the date of sale on July 31, 2017.

 Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2017 (1) 2016
    
Depreciation$19,569
 $24,843
Amortization40,300
 68,159
Capital expenditures37,441
 38,825
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired$
 $196,750
    
(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes Cars.com through the spin-off date of May 31, 2017 and CareerBuilder’s operations through the date of sale on July 31, 2017.


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Company Overview

We are an innovative media company that serves the greater good of our communities.communities through empowering stories, impactful investigations and innovative marketing services. With 4647 television stations and two radio stations in 3839 U.S. markets, we are the largest owner of topbig four network affiliates in the top 25 markets, reaching approximately one-third of all television households nationwide. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers whenever, wherever they are. Each month, we reach approximately 50 million adultsconsumers on-air and 35approximately 30 million across our digital platforms. We have been consistently honored with the industry’s top awards, including Edward R. Murrow, George Polk, Alfred I. DuPont and Emmy Awards. WeThrough TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers through unparalleledacross television, email, social, and innovative solutions including our Over the Top (“OTT”) local(OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network, Premion, centralized marketing resource, Hatch; and our digital marketing services (DMS) business, a one-stop shop for local businesses to connect with consumers through digital marketing. Across platforms, we tell empowering stories, conduct impactful investigations and deliver innovative marketing solutions. network.

We continue to make innovative programming a priority and invest in local news and other special programming to ensure we stay connected to our audiences and empower them throughout the day. For example, we recently launched VERIFY news, a fact-checking segment across platforms, and HeartThreads, a new national digital content vertical. Additionally, in September 2017 we premiered our TEGNA-owned daily live syndicated program “Daily Blast LIVE,” which airs on 36 TEGNA stations and nationally on Facebook and YouTube. Also in September, we launched a daily talk show, “Sister Circle,” produced out of WATL in Atlanta, which airs in 12 TEGNA markets and nationally live on TV One, reaching 60% of U.S. television households. Finally, our KXTV station in Sacramento partnered with Cheddar network to launch “Cheddar Local,” which provides KXTV with local business and technology segments relevant to the Sacramento community.

After completing the strategic actions discussed below, we now haveoperate one operating and reportable segment. The primary sources of our revenues are: 1) advertising & marketing services revenues, which include local and national non-political advertising, as well as DMSdigital marketing services (including Premion), and advertising on the stations’ websites and tablet and mobile products; 2) subscription revenues, reflecting fees paid by satellite, cable, OTT (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet) and telecommunications providers to carry our television signals on their systems; 3) political advertising revenues, which are driven by electionseven year election cycles at the local and peak in even yearsnational level (e.g. 2016, 2014)2018, 2016) and particularly in the second half of those years; 3) subscription revenues, representing fees primarily paid by satellite and cable operators and telecommunications companies to carry our television signals on their systems and OTT revenues; and 4) other services, such as production of programming from third parties and production of advertising material.

Our business continues to evolve toward growing stable and profitable revenue streams. We expect high margin subscription and political revenues will account for approximately half of our total two-year revenue beginning in 2019/2020, and a larger percentage on a rolling two-year cycle thereafter. Our balance sheet combined with these strong, accelerating and dependable cash flows provide us the ability to pursue the path that offers the most attractive return on capital at any given point in time. We have a broad set of capital deployment opportunities, including retiring debt to create additional future flexibility; investing in original, relevant and engaging content; investing in growth businesses like our new OTT advertising service Premion; and pursuing value accretive acquisition-related growth. We will continue to review all opportunities in a disciplined manner, both strategically and financially. In the near-term, our priorities continue to be maintaining a strong balance sheet, enabling organic growth, acquiring attractively priced strategic assets and returning capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and opportunistic share repurchases.

Our corporate costs are separated from our business expenses and are recorded as general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Income Statement. These costs include activities that are not directly attributable or allocable to our media business operations. This category primarily consists of broad corporate management functions including legal, human resources, and finance, as well as activities and costs not directly attributable to the operations of our media business.

Strategic ActionsOn February 15, 2018, we acquired assets in San Diego consisting of KFMB-TV (the CBS affiliated station), KFMB-D2 (CW channel) and radio broadcast stations KFMB-AM and KFMB-FM (collectively KFMB) for $328.4 million in cash. Through this transaction, we added a strong market to our portfolio. San Diego is the 29th largest U.S. TV market with 1.1 million households and the 17th largest radio market. KFMB-TV is the long-standing market leader in San Diego. It leads the market in audience ratings and share across all demographics and is number one in news across all major time slots. As a result of this acquisition, our U.S. television household reach increased by more than one million or one percentage point.

On May 31, 2017,August 20, 2018, we completedannounced that we entered into a definitive agreement with Gray Television, Inc. to acquire WTOL, the previously announced spin-offCBS affiliate in Toledo, OH, and KWES, the NBC affiliate in Odessa-Midland, TX, for $105 million in cash. The acquisition of Cars.com. The spin-off was achieved through a pro rata distribution of all outstanding common shares of Cars.com to TEGNA stockholders of record at the close of business on May 18, 2017 (the “Record Date”). Stockholders retained their TEGNA shares and received one share of Cars.com for every three shares of TEGNA stock they ownedthese stations is contingent on the Record Date. Cars.com began “regular way” trading onclosing of the New York Stock Exchange on June 1, 2017Gray-Raycom merger, which is expected to take place in the fourth quarter of 2018. It is also subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions. We expect to finance the acquisition through the use of available cash and borrowing under the symbol “CARS”. In connection with the Cars.com spin-off we received a one time cash distribution from Cars.com of $650.0 million.our existing credit facility.

On July 31, 2017, we completed the sale of our majority ownership interest in CareerBuilder to an investor group led by investments funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, LLC, a leading global alternative investment manager,


and the Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board. Our share of the pre-tax net cash proceeds from the sale was $198.3 million. These net proceeds were used in October 2017 to pay down existing debt (see Note 5). Additionally, prior to the sale, CareerBuilder issued a final dividend to its selling shareholders, $25.8 million of which was retained by TEGNA.

As part of the sale agreement, we remain an ongoing partner in CareerBuilder, reducing our 53% controlling interest to approximately 17% equity interest (or approximately 12% on a fully-diluted basis) and two seats on CareerBuilder’s 10 member board. As a result, CareerBuilder is no longer consolidated within our reported operating results. Our remaining ownership interest is accounted for as an equity method investment.

Consolidated Results from Operations

The following discussion is a period-to-period comparison of our consolidated results from continuing operations on a GAAP basis. On May 31, 2017, we completed the spin-off of Cars.com and on July 31, 2017, we completed the sale of our majority ownership interest in CareerBuilder. Results for Cars.com and CareerBuilder are now reflected as Discontinued Operations in our Consolidated Statements of Income for all applicable periods presented. As a result, we will report one segment going forward which will include the results for Media and a remaining DMS contract that was previously reported in the Digital Segment. The historical financial results also include our former Cofactor business through the date of its sale in December 2016.

The period-to-periodyear-to-year comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results. In addition, see the section on page 2625 titled ‘Results from Operations - Non-GAAP Information’ for additional tables presenting information which supplements our financial information provided on a GAAP basis. Our consolidated results of continuing operations on a GAAP basis were as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
  (recast)     (recast)             
Revenues$464,264
 $519,617
 (11%) $1,412,703
 $1,457,233
 (3%)$538,976
 $464,264
 16% $1,565,146
 $1,412,703
 11%
                      
Operating expenses:    

          

      
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation235,474
 200,495
 17% 696,565
 590,058
 18%271,156
 235,474
 15% 793,943
 696,565
 14%
Business units - selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation70,914
 83,039
 (15%) 214,645
 246,280
 (13%)
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation76,639
 70,914
 8% 229,193
 214,645
 7%
Corporate - General and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation12,881
 16,027
 (20%) 42,462
 43,865
 (3%)17,593
 12,881
 37% 41,522
 42,462
 (2%)
Depreciation15,186
 13,212
 15% 41,721
 42,653
 (2%)14,262
 15,186
 (6%) 41,594
 41,721
 0%
Amortization of intangible assets5,395
 5,775
 (7%) 16,172
 17,542
 (8%)8,047
 5,395
 49% 22,791
 16,172
 41%
Asset impairment and facility consolidation charges7,553
 15,218
 (50%) 11,086
 18,946
 (41%)
Asset impairment and other (gains) charges(3,005) 7,553
 ***
 (9,331) 11,086
 ***
Total operating expenses$347,403
 $333,766
 4% $1,022,651
 $959,344
 7%$384,692
 $347,403
 11% $1,119,712
 $1,022,651
 9%
                      
Total operating income$116,861

$185,851
 (37%) $390,052
 $497,889
 (22%)$154,284
 $116,861
 32% $445,434
 $390,052
 14%
                      
Non-operating expense(54,660) (70,673) (23%) (190,515) (194,236) (2%)
Non-operating expenses(47,669) (54,660) (13%) (142,980) (190,515) (25%)
Provision for income taxes11,447
 38,441
 (70%) 54,855
 92,038
 (40%)13,789
 11,447
 20% 61,929
 54,855
 13%
Net income from continuing operations$50,754
 $76,737
 (34%) $144,682
 $211,615
 (32%)$92,826
 $50,754
 83% $240,525
 $144,682
 66%
                      
Earnings from continuing operations per share - basic$0.24
 $0.36
 (33%) $0.67
 $0.98
 (32%)$0.43
 $0.24
 79% $1.11
 $0.67
 66%
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted$0.23
 $0.35
 (34%) $0.66
 $0.96
 (31%)$0.43
 $0.23
 87% $1.11
 $0.66
 68%
           
*** Not meaningful*** Not meaningful

Revenues

During the second quarter of 2017, we changed the way we present certain revenues, which we now callOur Advertising and Marketing Services (AMS), to better reflect our sales transformation strategy that focuses on customer needs versus specific products. This category includes all sources of our traditional television advertising and digital revenues including Premion DMS and other digital advertising and marketing revenues across our platforms.

Also, the “Retransmission” Our Subscription revenue category was renamed “Subscription”includes revenue earned from cable and satellite providers for the right to better reflect changes in that revenue stream, includingcarry our signals and the distribution of TEGNA stations on OTT streaming services.


As a result of these changes, revenues are grouped into the following categories: Advertising & Marketing Services, Political, Subscription, Other, and our former business unit Cofactor (sold in December 2016).
The following table summarizes the year-over-year changes in these selectour revenue categories (in thousands):
 Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change
Advertising & Marketing Services (a)
$277,817
 $330,589
 (16%) $843,175
 $934,977
 (10%)
Political3,783
 38,060
 (90%) 13,387
 64,050
 (79%)
Subscription177,692
 143,676
 24% 540,344
 436,292
 24%
Other4,972
 4,696
 6% 15,797
 13,883
 14%
Cofactor
 2,596
 ***
 
 8,031
 ***
Total$464,264
 $519,617
 (11%) $1,412,703
 $1,457,233
 (3%)
            
(a) Includes traditional television advertising, digital advertising as well as revenue from our DMS business.
 Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
            
Advertising & Marketing Services$264,852
 $277,817
 (5%) $829,638
 $843,175
 (2%)
Subscription207,463
 177,692
 17% 622,382
 540,344
 15%
Political60,410
 3,783
 ***
 93,725
 13,387
 ***
Other6,251
 4,972
 26% 19,401
 15,797
 23%
Total revenues$538,976
 $464,264
 16% $1,565,146
 $1,412,703
 11%
            
*** Not meaningful

Revenues decreased $55.4 million, or 11%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. This net decrease was primarily due to a decline in AMS revenue of $52.8

Total revenues increased $74.7 million, or 16%, in the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. This declinenet increase was primarily due to the absence of Olympic revenue in 2017 as compared to $57.3 million in 2016 and lower DMS revenue due to the conclusion of a transition services agreement with Gannett. Partially offsetting the overall AMS decline was an increase in digital revenue, including Premion revenue. Political revenue was down by $34.3 million, due to an expected decrease reflecting the absence of 2016 politically related advertising spending. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in subscription revenue of $34.0$29.8 million, or 24%17%, in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to the recent renewal of certain retransmission agreements as well as annual rate increases under other existing retransmission agreements.agreements and increases from OTT streaming service providers. Also contributing to the overall increase was political revenue which increased $56.6 million in the third quarter of 2018, driven by the mid-term elections cycle. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in AMS revenue of $13.0 million, or 5%, in the third quarter of 2018. This decline was attributed to a softening of demand for traditional television advertising and election year political displacement, partially offset by an increase in digital revenue (primarily from Premion) and revenue from our KFMB station acquisition.

In the first nine months of 2017, operating revenue decreased $44.52018, total revenues increased $152.4 million, or 3%11%, compared to the same period in 2016. The net decrease2017. This increase was primarily due to a net decline in AMS revenue of $91.8 million, or 10%, for the first nine months of 2017. The third quarter decline in AMS revenue, described above, drove most of the year-to-date decline. In addition we had lower Super Bowl revenue due to the shift in coverage from our larger CBS station footprint to smaller FOX station footprint (which impacted 2017 results by $9.1 million). These AMS declines were partially offset by an increase in digital revenue, including our Premion revenue. Additionally, political revenue was down $50.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to an expected decrease reflecting the absence of 2016 Presidential election year political spending. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in subscription revenue of $104.1$82.0 million, or 24%15%, in the first nine months of 20172018 primarily due to the recent renewal of certain retransmission agreements as well as annual rate increases under other existing retransmission agreements.agreements and increases from OTT streaming service providers. Also contributing to the overall increase was political revenue which increased $80.3 million in the first nine months of 2018, largely due to activity related to the mid-term elections cycle. AMS revenue during first nine months of 2018 declined $13.5 million, or 2%, as compared to the same period in 2017. Increases in AMS from Winter Olympic and Super Bowl advertising, KFMB station acquisition, and digital advertising (primarily Premion) were offset by declines in digital marketing services (DMS) revenue (primarily due to conclusion of a transition service agreement with Gannett Co., Inc. (Gannett) in June 2017) and a softening of demand and election year political displacement for traditional television advertising.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues increased $35.0$35.7 million, or 17%15%, in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The increase was primarily due to a $42.6$15.7 million increase in programming costs (primarily driven by 11(due to the growth in subscription revenues), a $12.4 million increase in digital expenses (due to investments made in the Premion business), and $6.8 million increase comprised of the increase from our NBC stations paying reverse compensation payments for first timeKFMB station acquisition and increases in 2017)costs from production of original content (Daily Blast LIVE!, local news, and Sister Circle). ThisAlso contributing to the increase was $0.9 million of severance expense due to a reduction in force at our DMS business.

In the first nine months of 2018, cost of revenues increased $97.4 million, or 14%, compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $45.6 million increase in programming costs (due to the growth in subscription revenues), a $35.1 million increase in digital expenses (due to investments made in the Premion business), and $18.9 million increase comprised of the increase from our KFMB station acquisition and increases associated with production of original content (Daily Blast LIVE!, local news, and Sister Circle), and variable editorial costs tied to increased revenues (event coverage costs of Olympics and Super Bowl). These increases were partially offset by a decline in DMS costs of $7.4$10.1 million driven bydue to the conclusion of the transition service agreement with Gannett.

In the first nine months of 2017, cost of revenues increased $106.5 million, or 18%, compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $135.1 million increase in programming costs (primarily driven by 11 of our NBC stations paying reverse compensation payments for first time in 2017). This increase was partially offset by the absence of $10.8 million of expenses associated with our 2016 voluntary retirement program and a decline in DMS costs of $11.8 million associated with the conclusion of the transition serviceservices agreement with Gannett.

Business Units - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Business unit selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $12.1increased $5.7 million, or 15%8%, in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to a $4.2 million increase in costs due to incremental political revenue from the resultmid-term elections cycle and our acquisition of a $6.0 million decline in DMS selling and advertising expense related to the transition service agreement conclusion. Also contributing to the decline was the absence of $2.6KFMB. In addition, $0.9 million of Cofactor expenses,severance expense in third quarter of 2018 due to its dispositiona reduction in December 2016.force at our DMS business, and an increase in legal costs.

In the first nine months of 2017,ended September 30, 2018, business unit selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $31.6increased $14.5 million, or 13%,7% compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease2017. The increase was primarily driven by a $5.0 million increase due to a $14.7higher selling costs (due to incremental revenue from the midterm elections, Olympics and Super Bowl). The remaining net $9.5 million decline in DMS sellingincrease was primarily due to the acquisition of KFMB and advertising expenses, the absence of $6.5 million of expenses associated with Cofactor, and the absence of $4.0 million of expenses associated with our 2016 voluntary retirement program. These decreases were partially offset by $1.6 million of severance expenses for broadcast employees in 2017.


higher legal costs.

Corporate General and Administrative Expenses

Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $3.1increased $4.7 million, or 20%37%, in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The decreaseincrease was primarily due to the absence of $1.6driven by $5.5 million ofin severance expenses fromrecognized during the third quarter of 2016, as well as the continued right sizing2018, which more than offset operational efficiencies, and resulted from a reduction in force related to our ongoing consolidations of theour corporate function in connection with thestructure following our strategic actions impacting our former Digital Segment.transformation into a pure play broadcast company.

DuringIn the first nine months of 2017,ended September 30, 2018, corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $1.4$0.9 million, or 3%2%, compared to the same period in 2016. This change2017. The decrease was primarily due to the absence of $1.6$0.9 million ofin severance expenses from the third quarter of 2016, partially offset by severance expense incurred in the first nine months of 2017, of approximately $1.1 million. The remaining difference is attributable tolower corporate expenses associated with the continued right sizingright-sizing of the corporate function following the spin-off of Cars.com and the sale of our majority interest in connection withCareerBuilder in 2017. These reductions were partially offset by $5.5 million in severance expense incurred in the strategic actions impacting our former Digital Segment.third quarter of 2018 due to a reduction in force.



Depreciation Expense

Depreciation expense increased $2.0decreased less than $1.0 million or 15%, in both the third quarter of 2017and first nine months 2018 compared to the same periodperiods in 2016.2017. The increase wasdecreases were primarily due to $1.4 million of additionalassets becoming fully depreciated, partially offset by incremental depreciation expense related to a change in useful livesour acquisition of certain broadcasting assets in connection with the FCC channel reassignment process.

In the first nine months of 2017, depreciation expense decreased $0.9 million, or 2%, as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to recent declines in the purchase of property and equipment, offset by accelerated depreciation related to a change in useful lives of certain broadcasting assets.KFMB.

Amortization Expense

Amortization expense decreased by $0.4increased $2.7 million, and $1.4 millionor 49%, in the third quarter of 2018 and $6.6 million or 41% in the first nine months of 2017, respectively,2018 compared to the same periods in 2016.2017. The decreasesincreases were a resultprimarily due to incremental amortization expense resulting from our acquisition of certain assets associated with previous acquisitions reaching the end of their useful lives.KFMB.

Asset Impairment and Facility ConsolidationOther (Gains) Charges

AssetWe had $3.0 million of net asset impairment and facility consolidationother gains in the third quarter of 2018 compared to charges wereof $7.6 million in the third quarter of 2017. The 2018 net gains primarily consist of $3.0 million of gains due to reimbursements received from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for required spectrum repacking. The 2017 comparedcharges related to $15.2 million in the third quarter of 2016. In the third quarter of 2017, a few televisiondamages to our stations were impactedcaused by hurricanes Harvey and Irma. In particular, Hurricane Harvey caused significant damage to our Houston television station (KHOU); as a result, we recognized $10.2 million in non-cash charges, writing off destroyed equipment and recording an impairment to the value of the building. In addition, we incurred $8.4 million in cash expenses related to repairing the studio and office and providing for additional staffing and operational needs to keep the stations operating during and immediately following these weather emergencies. Partially offsetting these expenses, we received initial insurance proceeds of $11.0 million ($5.0 million was received as ofin September 30, 2017 and $6.0 million was received in October 2017). The net expense impact from the hurricane of $7.6 million has been recorded in asset impairment and facility consolidation charges. The 2016 charge relates to a goodwill impairment at Cofactor.

DuringIn the first nine months of 2017, asset impairment and facility consolidation charges were $11.12018, we recognized net gains of $9.3 million, compared to $18.9$11.1 million of charges recognized in the same period in 2016.2017. The 2018 net gains primarily consist of a gain recognized on the sale of real estate in Houston and gains due to reimbursements received from the FCC for required spectrum repacking. The 2017 charges primarily consisted of net $7.6 million in expenses related to Hurricane Harvey, $1.4 million related to the consolidation of office space at corporate headquarters and at our DMS business, unit, and $2.2 million of non-cash building-related impairment chargescharge incurred by our broadcast stations. The 2016 charges were comprised of the third quarter goodwill impairment charge of $15.2 million at Cofactor and a $3.7 million impairment charge related to a long-lived-asset.station. 

Operating Income

Our operating income decreased $69.0increased $37.4 million, or 37%32%, in the third quarter of 2017 and $107.8 million, or 22%, in the first nine months of 2017,2018 compared to the same periodsperiod in 2016.2017. The decreases wereincrease was driven by the changes in revenue and expenses discussed above. Revenue increased by $74.7 million, or 16%, in the third quarter. As a result, our consolidated operating margins wereimproved to 29% in the third quarter of 2018 compared to 25% in the third quarter of 2017 and 28%2017.

Our operating income increased $55.4 million, or 14%, in the first nine months of 2017,2018 compared to 36%the same period in 2017. The increase was driven by the third quarter of 2016changes in revenue (increased 11%) and 34% inexpenses (increased 9%) discussed above. As a result, our consolidated operating margin remained consistent at 28% for the first nine months of 2016.both 2018 and 2017.

Non-Operating Income (Expense)Expenses

Non-operating expenseexpenses decreased $16.0$7.0 million, or 23%13%, in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in transaction costs of $10.9 million primarily associated with costs incurred in the prior year period related to the Cars.com spin-off. Also contributing to the decrease was a decline in interest expense of $5.7$3.6 million in 2018 driven by lower average debt outstanding, due to the pay down of the drawn amounts on the revolving line of credit.partially offset by slightly higher interest rates. The total average outstanding debt was $3.38$3.08 billion for the third quarter of 2017,2018, compared to $4.31$3.38 billion in the same period of 2016.2017. The weighted average interest rate on total outstanding debt was 5.75%5.89% for the third quarter of 2017,2018, compared to 5.21%5.75% in the same period of 2016.2017. The decrease was also attributable to a decline in transaction costs of $2.3 million in 2018 as compared to 2017. Pension expense was also $1.6 million lower due to strong investment returns achieved.



DuringIn the first nine months of 2017,2018, non-operating expenses decreased $3.7$47.5 million or 2%,25% compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The decrease was primarilypartially due to lowera decline in interest expense of $13.3$17.1 million in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 driven by lower average debt outstanding, partially offset by increased costs associated with the strategic actions of $3.4 million (primarily the Cars.com spin-off) and a $5.8 million loss associated with the write-off of a note receivable from one of our equity method investments. The lowerslightly higher interest expense was due to lower average debt outstanding.rates. The total average outstanding debt was $3.75$3.13 billion during the first nine months of 2017,in 2018 compared to $4.28$3.75 billion in the same period of 2016.2017. The weighted average interest rate on total outstanding debt was 5.51%5.87% for the first nine months of 2017,2018 compared to 5.32% in5.51% for the same period of 2016.2017. The decrease was also partially due to our $16.8 million gain from our investment in CareerBuilder due to the sale of its subsidiary, Economic Modeling, LLC, in the second quarter of 2018 and the absence of impairment charges recognized in 2017 of $9.3 million (related to the write-off of a note receivable from a former equity investment and impairment on our former investment in Gannett stock). Also contributing to the decrease was a decline in transaction expenses of $6.5 million in 2018.



Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased $27increased $2.3 million, or 70%20%, in the third quarter of 2017 as2018 compared to the same period in 2016, and decreased $37.22017. Income tax expense increased $7.1 million, or 40%13%, in the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same period in 2016.2017. The decrease in Income tax expense isincrease was primarily due to a declineincreases in net income before tax, as wellpartially offset by a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% as a favorable deferred tax adjustment related to a previously-disposed business.result of the enactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act). Our reported effective income tax rate was 18.4% in12.9% for the third quarter of 2017,2018, compared to 33.4%18.4% for continuing operations for the third quarter of 2016. The2017. Our reported effective income tax rate was 27.5%20.5% for the first nine months of 2017,2018, compared to 30.3%27.5% for the same period in 2016.2017. The tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 20172018 periods are lower than the comparable 2016 rates2017 periods primarily due to the corporate tax rate reduction and adjusting the provisional tax impacts of the Tax Act recorded in net2017 upon the completion of the federal tax return in the third quarter of 2018, partially offset by the repeal of the domestic manufacturing deduction as well as an increase in state income before tax andtaxes due to the deferred tax adjustment mentioned above.acquisition of KFMB.

Income from continuing operationsFrom Continuing Operations

Income from continuing operations was $50.8$92.8 million, or $0.23$0.43 per diluted share, in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to $76.7$50.8 million or $0.35$0.23 per diluted share during the same period in 2016.2017. For the first nine months of 2017,2018, we reported net income from continuing operations of $144.7$240.5 million, or $0.66$1.11 per diluted share, compared to $211.6$144.7 million, or $0.96$0.66 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016.2017. Both income from continuing operations and earnings per share were affected by the factors discussed above.

The weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding in the both the third quarter of 2018 and 2017 was 216.3 million and 2016 was 218.1 million.million, respectively. The weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding in the first nine months quarter of 2018 and 2017 decreased by 2.7was 216.6 million shares toand 217.8 million, from 220.5 million in the same period in 2016.respectively.
Results from Operations - Non-GAAP Information

Presentation of Non-GAAP information

We use non-GAAP financial performance and liquidity measures to supplement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the related GAAP measures, nor should they be considered superior to the related GAAP measures, and should be read together with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. Also, our non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

Management and our Board of Directors use the non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of evaluating business unit and consolidated company performance. Furthermore, the ExecutiveLeadership Development and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors uses non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP EPS, Adjusted revenues and free cash flow to evaluate management’s performance. Therefore, we believe that each of the non-GAAP measures presented provides useful information to investors and other stakeholders by allowing them to view our business through the eyes of management and our Board of Directors, facilitating comparisons of results across historical periods and focus on the underlying ongoing operating performance of our business. We discuss in this Form 10-Q non-GAAP financial performance measures that exclude from our reported GAAP results the impact of “special items” consisting of severance expense, chargesitems related to asset impairment and facility consolidations,other (gains) charges, TEGNA Foundation donations, certain non-operating expenses (business acquisition, pension payment timing related charges, and integration costs), costs associated with the Cars.com spin-off transaction, and certaina net gain on equity method investment. In addition, we have income tax benefitsspecial items associated with tax impacts associated with the Cars.com spin-offacquisition of KFMB; and saledeferred tax benefit adjustments related to adjusting provisional tax impacts of CareerBuilder. tax reform (enacted in December 2017) and a partial capital loss valuation allowance release, both resulting from completion of our 2017 federal income tax return in the third quarter.

We believe that such gains, expenses charges and gainscharges are not indicative of normal, ongoing operations. Such items vary from period to period and are significantly impacted by the timing and nature of these events. Therefore, while we may incur or recognize these types of gains, expenses charges and gainscharges in the future, we believe that removing these items for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with a more focused presentation of our ongoing operating performance.

We discuss Adjusted EBITDA (with and without corporate expenses), a non-GAAP financial performance measuremeasures that we believe offers a useful view of the overall operation of our businesses. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income from continuing operations before (1) interest expense, (2) income taxes, (3) equity income (losses) in unconsolidated investments, net, (4) other non-operating items such as spin-offcorporate transaction expenses (such as business acquisition and disposition costs) and investment income, (5) severance expense, (6) facility consolidationasset impairment and other (gains) charges, (7) impairment charges, (8) depreciation and (9) amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to Adjusted EBITDA is Net income from continuing operations. Users should consider the limitations of using Adjusted EBITDA, including the fact that this measure does not provide a complete measure of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash


flows from operating activities as a measure of


liquidity. In particular, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow available for management’s discretionary expenditures, as this measure does not consider certain cash requirements, such as working capital needs, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, interest payments, tax payments and other debt service requirements.

We also consider adjusted revenues to be an important non-GAAP financial measure. Our adjusted revenue is calculated by taking total company revenues on a GAAP basis and adjusting it to exclude (1) estimated net incremental Olympic and Super Bowl revenue, (2) Political revenues, (3) revenues from a previously sold business (Cofactor), and (4)(3) revenues associated with a discontinued portion of our DMS business. These adjustments are made to our reported revenue on a GAAP basis in order to evaluate and assess our core operations on a comparable basis, and it represents the ongoing operations of our broadcast business.

We also discuss free cash flow, a non-GAAP liquidity measure. Free cash flow is defined as “net cash flow from operating activities” as reported on the statement of cash flows reduced by “purchase of property and equipment”. We believe that free cash flow is a useful measure for management and investors to evaluate the level of cash generated by operations and the ability of its operations to fund investments in new and existing businesses, return cash to shareholders under the company’s capital program, repay indebtedness, add to our cash balance, or use in other discretionary activities. We use free cash flow to monitor cash available for repayment of indebtedness and in discussions with the investment community. Like Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management’s discretionary use.

Discussion of special charges and credits affecting reported results

Our results for the quarter and first nine months ended September 30, 20172018 included the following items we consider “special items” and are not indicative of our normal ongoing operations:

Operating asset impairment and facility consolidationother net gains primarily consists of a gain recognized on the sale of real estate in Houston and gains due to reimbursements from the FCC for required spectrum repacking. These gains are partially offset by an early lease termination payment;
Severance charges which included payroll and related benefit costs due to restructuring at our DMS business and at our corporate headquarters;
Other non-operating items associated with business acquisition and integration costs, and a charitable donation made to the TEGNA Foundation;
Pension payment timing related charges related to the acceleration of previously deferred pension costs as a result of lump sum SERP payments made to certain former executives.
A gain recognized in our equity income in unconsolidated investments, related to our share of CareerBuilder’s gain on the sale of its EMSI business;
Tax provision impacts related to our acquisition of KFMB; and
Deferred tax benefits related to adjusting the provisional tax impacts of tax reform (enacted in December 2017) and a partial capital loss valuation allowance release, both resulting from the completion of our 2017 federal income tax return in the third quarter of 2018.
Our results for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included the following special items:
Operating asset impairment and other charges related to damage caused by Hurricane Harvey and the consolidation of office space at corporate headquarters and at our DMS business unit;business;
Other non-operating items associated with costs of the spin-off of our Cars.com business unit, a charitable donationsdonation made to the TEGNA Foundation, and non-cash asset impairment charges associated with write off of a note receivable fromassociated with an equity method investment;
A specialSpecial tax benefit related to deferred tax remeasurement attributable to the spin-off of our Cars.com business unit and a deferred tax adjustment related to a previously-disposed business; and
Severance charges which included payroll and related benefit costs.
Our results for the quarter and first nine months ended September 30, 2016 included the following special items:
Severance charges primarily related to a voluntary retirement program at our broadcast stations (which includes payroll and related benefit costs);
Non-cash asset impairment charges associated with goodwill, an operating asset, and equity method investments; and
Non-operating costs associated with the spin-off of our Cars.com business unit and acquisition-related costs.

Reconciliations of certain line items impacted by special items to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP on our consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of incomeIncome follow (in thousands, except per share amounts):
   Special Items     Special Items  
Quarter ended September 30, 2017 
GAAP
measure
 Operating asset impairment and facility consolidation Other non-operating items Tax benefits Non-GAAP measure
Quarter ended September 30, 2018 
GAAP
measure
 Operating asset impairment and other Severance expense Pension payment timing related charge Special tax benefit Non-GAAP measure
                      
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation $271,156
 $
 $(931) $
 $
 $270,225
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 76,639
 
 (875) 
 
 75,764
Corporate - General and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 17,593
 
 (5,481) 
 
 12,112
Asset impairment and other (gains) (3,005) 3,005
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses $347,403
 $(7,553) $
 $
 $339,850
 384,692
 3,005
 (7,287) 
 
 380,410
Operating income 116,861
 7,553
 
 
 124,414
 154,284
 (3,005) 7,287
 
 
 158,566
Other non-operating items (3,671) 
 2,688
 
 (983) (214) 
 
 1,198
 
 984
Total non-operating expense (54,660) 
 2,688
 
 (51,972) (47,669) 
 
 1,198
 
 (46,471)
Income before income taxes 62,201
 7,553
 2,688
 
 72,442
 106,615
 (3,005) 7,287
 1,198
 
 112,095
Provision for income taxes 11,447
 2,780
 629
 8,086
 22,942
 13,789
 (800) 1,714
 301
 9,657
 24,661
Income from continuing operations 50,754
 4,773
 2,059
 (8,086) 49,500
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted (a)
 $0.23
 $0.02
 $0.01
 $(0.04) $0.23
Net income from continuing operations 92,826
 (2,205) 5,573
 897
 (9,657) 87,434
Net income from continuing operations per share-diluted (a)
 $0.43
 $(0.01) $0.03
 $
 $(0.04) $0.40
(a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding.                      
            
   Special Items    
Quarter ended September 30, 2017 
GAAP
measure
 Operating asset impairment and other Other non-operating items Special tax benefit Non-GAAP measure  
            
Asset impairment and other charges $7,553
 $(7,553) $
 $
 $
 
Operating expenses 347,403
 (7,553) 
 
 339,850
 
Operating income 116,861
 7,553
 
 
 124,414
 
Other non-operating items (3,671) 
 2,688
 
 (983) 
Total non-operating expense (54,660) 
 2,688
 
 (51,972) 
Income before income taxes 62,201
 7,553
 2,688
 
 72,442
 
Provision for income taxes 11,447
 2,780
 629
 8,086
 22,942
 
Net income from continuing operations 50,754
 4,773
 2,059
 (8,086) 49,500
 
Net income from continuing operations per share-diluted (a)
 $0.23
 $0.02
 $0.01
 $(0.04) $0.23
  
(a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding.            


    Special Items  
Quarter ended September 30, 2016 
GAAP
measure
 Severance expense Operating asset impairment and facility consolidation Other non-operating items Non-GAAP measure
           
Operating expenses $333,766
 $(2,870) $(15,218) $
 $315,678
Operating income 185,851
 2,870
 15,218
 
 203,939
Other non-operating items (11,874) 
 
 13,161
 1,287
Total non-operating expense (70,673) 
 
 13,161
 (57,512)
Income before income taxes 115,178
 2,870
 15,218
 13,161
 146,427
Provision for income taxes 38,441
 1,112
 5,900
 3,515
 48,968
Income from continuing operations 76,737
 1,758
 9,318
 9,646
 97,459
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted (a)
 $0.35
 $0.01
 $0.04
 $0.04
 $0.45
(a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding.

    Special Items  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 
GAAP
measure
 Severance expense Operating asset impairment Other non-operating items Tax benefits Non-GAAP measure
             
Operating expenses $1,022,651
 $(3,053) $(11,086) $
 $
 $1,008,512
Operating income 390,052
 3,053
 11,086
 
 
 404,191
Other non-operating items (26,853) 
 
 31,991
 
 5,138
Total non-operating expense (190,515) 
 
 31,991
 
 (158,524)
Income before income taxes 199,537
 3,053
 11,086
 31,991
 
 245,667
Provision for income taxes 54,855
 1,174
 4,104
 6,921
 11,724
 78,778
Income from continuing operations 144,682
 1,879
 6,982
 25,070
 (11,724) 166,889
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted $0.66
 $0.01
 $0.03
 $0.12
 $(0.05) $0.77
             
    Special Items  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 
GAAP
measure
 Severance expense Operating asset impairment Equity investment impairment Other non-operating items Non-GAAP measure
             
Operating expenses $959,344
 $(20,118) $(18,946) $
 $
 $920,280
Operating income 497,889
 20,118
 18,946
 
 
 536,953
Equity (loss) income in unconsolidated charges (2,763) 
 
 1,869
 
 (894)
Other non-operating items (16,029) 
 
 
 16,324
 295
Total non-operating expense (194,236) 
 
 1,869
 16,324
 (176,043)
Income before income taxes 303,653
 20,118
 18,946
 1,869
 16,324
 360,910
Provision for income taxes 92,038
 7,799
 7,345
 725
 4,583
 112,490
Income from continuing operations 211,615
 12,319
 11,601
 1,144
 11,741
 248,420
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted $0.96
 $0.06
 $0.05
 $0.01
 $0.05
 $1.13
             





    Special Items  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 
GAAP
measure
 Severance expense Operating asset impairment and other Pension payment timing related charges Other non-operating items Net gain on equity method investment Special tax benefit Non-GAAP measure  
                   
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation $793,943
 $(931) $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $793,012
 
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 229,193
 (875) 
 
 
 
 
 228,318
 
Corporate - General and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 41,522
 (5,481) 
 
 
 
 
 36,041
 
Asset impairment and other (gains) (9,331) 
 9,331
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses 1,119,712
 (7,287) 9,331
 
 
 
 
 1,121,756
 
Operating income 445,434
 7,287
 (9,331) 
 
 
 
 443,390
 
Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net 15,080
 
 
 
 
 (16,758) 
 (1,678) 
Other non-operating items (13,005) 
 
 7,498
 15,184
 
 
 9,677
 
Total non-operating expense (142,980) 
 
 7,498
 15,184
 (16,758) 
 (137,056) 
Income before income taxes 302,454
 7,287
 (9,331) 7,498
 15,184
 (16,758) 
 306,334
 
Provision for income taxes 61,929
 1,714
 (798) 1,909
 2,178
 (4,216) 7,007
 69,723
 
Net income from continuing operations 240,525
 5,573
 (8,533) 5,589
 13,006
 (12,542) (7,007) 236,611
 
Net income from continuing operations per share-diluted (a)
 $1.11
 $0.03
 $(0.04) $0.03
 $0.06
 $(0.06) $(0.03) $1.09
 
(a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding.                  
    Special Items        
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 
GAAP
measure
 Severance expense Operating asset impairment Other non-operating items Special tax benefit Non-GAAP measure      
                   
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation $696,565
 $(522) $
 $
 $
 $696,043
 

    
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 214,645
 (1,471) 
 
 
 213,174
 

    
Corporate - General and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation 42,462
 (1,060) 
 
 
 41,402
 

    
Asset impairment and other charges 11,086
 
 (11,086) 
 
 
 

 

  
Operating expenses 1,022,651
 (3,053) (11,086) 
 
 1,008,512
 

 

  
Operating income 390,052
 3,053
 11,086
 
 
 404,191
 

 

  
Other non-operating items (26,853) 
 
 31,991
 
 5,138
 

 

  
Total non-operating expense (190,515) 
 
 31,991
 
 (158,524) 

 

  
Income before income taxes 199,537
 3,053
 11,086
 31,991
 
 245,667
 

 

  
Provision for income taxes 54,855
 1,174
 4,104
 6,921
 11,724
 78,778
 

 

  
Net income from continuing operations 144,682
 1,879
 6,982
 25,070
 (11,724) 166,889
 

 

  
Net income from continuing operations per share-diluted $0.66
 $0.01
 $0.03
 $0.12
 $(0.05) $0.77
   

  


Adjusted Revenues

Reconciliations of adjusted revenues to our revenues presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income are presented below (in thousands):
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
                      
Advertising & Marketing Services (a)
$277,817
 $330,589
 (16.0%) $843,175
 $934,977
 (9.8%)$264,852
 $277,817
 (5%) $829,638
 $843,175
 (2%)
Subscription207,463
 177,692
 17% 622,382
 540,345
 15%
Political3,783
 38,060
 (90.1%) 13,386
 64,050
 (79.1%)60,410
 3,783
 ***
 93,725
 13,386
 ***
Subscription177,692
 143,676
 23.7% 540,345
 436,292
 23.8%
Other4,972
 4,696
 5.9% 15,797
 13,883
 13.8%6,251
 4,972
 26% 19,401
 15,797
 23%
Cofactor
 2,596
 ***
 
 8,031
 ***
Total company revenues (GAAP basis)$464,264
 $519,617
 (10.7%) $1,412,703
 $1,457,233
 (3.1%)
Total revenues (GAAP basis)$538,976
 $464,264
 16% $1,565,146
 $1,412,703
 11%
Factors impacting comparisons:                      
Estimated incremental Olympic and Super Bowl$
 $(28,300) ***
 $
 $(37,210) ***
Estimated net incremental Olympic and Super Bowl$
 $
 % $(24,000) $(323) ***
Political(3,783) (38,060) (90.1%) (13,386) (64,050) (79.1%)(60,410) (3,783) ***
 (93,725) (13,386) ***
CoFactor (sold in December 2016)
 (2,596) ***
 
 (8,031) ***
Discontinued digital marketing services
 (13,893) ***
 (16,673) (40,509) (58.8%)
 
 ***
 
 (16,673) ***
Total company adjusted revenues$460,481
 $436,768
 5.4% $1,382,644
 $1,307,433
 5.8%
Total company adjusted revenues (non-GAAP basis)$478,566
 $460,481
 4% $1,447,421
 $1,382,321
 5%
                      
(a) Includes traditional advertising, digital advertising as well as revenue from our DMS businesses.
*** Not meaningful           

Excluding the impacts of Political advertising revenue impacts fromand the discontinued DMSdigital marketing transition services agreement, the absence of Cofactor revenue, and estimated prior year incremental Olympic and Super Bowl revenue, total company adjusted revenues on a comparable basis increased five percent4% in the third quarter 2018 and six percent5% in the first nine months of 20172018 compared to the same periods in 2016.



2017. This is primarily attributable to increases in subscription revenue, partially offset by declines in AMS revenue as described in the Results from Operations section above.
Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP
Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to net income from continuing operations attributable to TEGNA Inc. presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income are presented below (in thousands):
Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,Quarter ended Sept. 30, Nine months ended Sept. 30,
2017 2016 Change 2017 2016 Change2018 2017 Change 2018 2017 Change
                      
Net income from continuing operations (GAAP basis)$50,754
 $76,737
 (34%) $144,682
 $211,615
 (32%)$92,826
 $50,754
 83% $240,525
 $144,682
 66%
Provision for income taxes11,447
 38,441
 (70%) 54,855
 92,038
 (40%)13,789
 11,447
 20% 61,929
 54,855
 13%
Interest expense51,855
 57,601
 (10%) 162,113
 175,444
 (8%)48,226
 51,855
 (7%) 145,055
 162,113
 (11%)
Equity loss in unconsolidated investments, net(866) 1,198
 ***
 1,549
 2,763
 (44%)
Equity (income) loss in unconsolidated investments, net(771) (866) (11%) (15,080) 1,549
 ***
Other non-operating items3,671
 11,874
 (69%) 26,853
 16,029
 68%214
 3,671
 (94%) 13,005
 26,853
 (52%)
Operating income (GAAP basis)116,861
 185,851
 (37%) 390,052
 497,889
 (22%)154,284
 116,861
 32% 445,434
 390,052
 14%
Severance expense
 2,870
 ***
 3,053
 20,118
 (85%)7,287
 
 ***
 7,287
 3,053
 ***
Asset impairment and facility consolidation charges7,553
 15,218
 (50%) 11,086
 18,946
 (41%)
Asset impairment and other (gains) charges(3,005) 7,553
 ***
 (9,331) 11,086
 ***
Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP basis)124,414
 203,939
 (39%) 404,191
 536,953
 (25%)158,566
 124,414
 27% 443,390
 404,191
 10%
Depreciation15,186
 13,212
 15% 41,721
 42,653
 (2%)14,262
 15,186
 (6%) 41,594
 41,721
 %
Amortization of intangible assets5,395
 5,775
 (7%) 16,172
 17,542
 (8%)8,047
 5,395
 49% 22,791
 16,172
 41%
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP basis)144,995
 222,926
 (35%) 462,084
 597,148
 (23%)180,875
 144,995
 25% 507,775
 462,084
 10%
Corporate - General and administrative expense, exclusive of depreciation (non-GAAP basis)12,881
 14,470
 (11%) 41,402
 42,308
 (2%)12,112
 12,881
 (6%) 36,041
 41,402
 (13%)
Adjusted EBITDA, excluding Corporate (non-GAAP basis)$157,876
 $237,396
 (33%) $503,486
 $639,456
 (21%)$192,987
 $157,876
 22% $543,816
 $503,486
 8%
           
*** Not meaningful           
Third

In the third quarter 2017 adjustedof 2018 Adjusted EBITDA margin was 36% without corporate expense or 34% with corporate expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Adjusted EBITDA margin was 35% without corporate or 31%32% with corporate. Our total Adjusted EBITDA decreased $77.9increased $35.9 millionor35% 25% in the third quarter of 20172018 compared to 20162017 and decreased $135.1increased $45.7 million or 23%10% for the first nine months of 20172018 from the prior year comparable period. The decreaseincrease in the third quarter was primarily driven by the operational factors discussed above within the revenue and operating expense fluctuation explanation sections. Most notably, for the third quarter, the increase was primarily driven by an increase in political and subscription revenues offset by higher programming costs (due to 11 of our NBC stations which began making reverse compensation payments forand investments in Premion. For the first time),nine months of 2018, the absenceAdjusted EBITDA increase of Olympic revenue in 2017 and the expected decline in political revenue in 2017.

Certain Matters Affecting Future Operating Results

The following items will affect year-over-year comparisons for 2017 results:

Revenues - In the fourth quarter of 2017 revenue will be impacted$45.7 million is primarily due to the absenceimpact of $82 millionpolitical, Olympic, and Super Bowl advertising and subscription revenue, partially offset by higher programming costs and investments in net political revenues compared to the fourth quarter of 2016, and the absence of $16 million of DMS revenue due to the conclusion of a transition services agreement with Gannett.
Premion.

Based on current trends, we expect total company revenues on a GAAP basis compared to the prior year quarter to be down in the high-single to low double-digits. Adjusting to remove political revenue and revenue related to the terminated transition services agreement, we expect our fourth quarter adjusted company revenues to be up in the high single-digit to low double-digits year-over-year.Free cash flow reconciliation

Programming Costs - Beginning in January 2017, 11 of our NBC stations began making reverse compensation paymentsOur free cash flow, a non-GAAP liquidity measure, was $297.4 million for the first time. As such, 2017 is an unusual year as there will be an unfavorable gap between the increase in subscription revenue we earn from multichannel video programming distributors (MVPD),nine months of 2018 compared to $287.9 millionfor the increase in fees we will pay our affiliates. At the end of 2016, we renegotiated several new subscriptions agreements with major MVPD carriers, and as a result, we have reduced our net retransmission gap in 2017 to approximately $31 million to $34 million. Further, we expect our strategic initiatives launched in 2016 (including Premion, centralized pricing initiatives, and Hatch) will more than offset the remaining net retransmission gapsame period in 2017.

Income Taxes - After the spin-off of Cars.com and disposition of CareerBuilder, the recurring effective income tax rate for 2018 is anticipated to be approximately 35%. This estimated effective income tax rate is higher than that Our free cash flow for the third quarter andfirst nine months of 2018 was higher than the first nine months of 2017 because of the same factors affecting cash flow from operating activities discussed in the ”Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Flows” section below.

Reconciliations from “Net cash flow from operating activities” to “Free cash flow” follow (in thousands):
 Nine months ended September 30,
 2018 2017
    
Net cash flow from operating activities$332,660
 $351,739
Purchase of property and equipment(35,281) (63,846)
Free cash flow$297,379
 $287,893

Forward Looking Financial Information

In the fourth quarter of 2018, we expect total revenue will increase 30% to 32% year-over-year, driven by continued strong political advertising and subscription revenue growth. Political revenue is expected to be $144 million for the fourth quarter and approximately $238 million for the full year (up from our previous guidance of $180 million to $200 million), reflecting the central role our strong TEGNA stations play in all local political marketing strategies. Adjusted revenue, excluding political advertising, is expected to be up mid-single digits despite being negatively impacted by political displacement.

Premion remains on pace to achieve full-year revenue guidance of $75 million, excluding Premion political revenue, which is included in total reported political revenue.

We expect fourth quarter non-GAAP operating expenses will increase percentage-wise in the mid-teens year-over-year due to tax benefits associated withcontinued growth in programming fees and Premion reinvestments, as well as the spin-offfact that the majority of Cars.com and other non-recurring items realizedpolitical advertising revenue will be recognized in 2017.
the fourth quarter of 2018.

We expect our full year Adjusted EBITDA margin to be toward the high end of the previously guided range of 36% to 38%, excluding corporate expenses.


Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Flows

Our strong cash generation capability and financial condition, together with our significant borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement, are more than sufficient to fund our capital expenditures, interest expense, dividends, share repurchases, investments in strategic initiatives and other operating requirements. Over the longer term, we expect to continue to fund debt maturities, acquisitions and investments through a combination of cash flows from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit agreement and funds raised in the capital markets. As we summarize below, during 2017 we have completed several strategic actions that have positioned us to be able to pursue strategic acquisition opportunities that may develop in our sector, invest in new content and revenue initiatives, and grow revenue in fiscal year 2018.
During the second quarter we completed our spin-off of Cars.com which resulted in a one-time tax-free cash distribution of $650.0 million to TEGNA. We used $609.9 million of the tax-free distribution proceeds to fully pay down our then outstanding revolving credit agreement borrowings.
On July 31, 2017, we sold our majority ownership interest in CareerBuilder. Our share of the pre-tax net cash proceeds from the sale was $198.3 million, net of cash transferred of $36.6 million. Additionally, prior to the sale, CareerBuilder issued a final dividend to its selling shareholders, of which $25.8 million was retained by TEGNA. On October 16 2017, we used the net proceeds from the CareerBuilder sale, the remaining cash distribution proceeds from Cars.com of $40.1 million, and cash on hand to early retire $280.0 million of principal of unsecured notes due in October 2019.

On August 1, 2017,June 21, 2018, we amended our Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement. Under the amended terms, the $1.51 billion of revolving credit commitments and letter of credit commitments have been extended until June 21, 2023. The amendment also extended our maximumpermitted total leverage ratio will remain atof 5.0x from June 21, 2018 through the end of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2018, after which, as amended, it will be reduced2019, reducing to 4.75x for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2019 through the end of the fiscal quarter ending June 201930, 2020, and then reducing to 4.5x until4.50x for the expirationfiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 and thereafter.
On February 15, 2018, we borrowed $220.0 million under the revolving credit facility primarily to finance the acquisition of the credit agreement on June 29, 2020. Lastly, on September 19, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300 million of our common stock over the next three years.

KFMB. At the end of the third quarter of 2017,2018, our total debt was $3.32$3.01 billion and cash and cash equivalents totaled $383.4$23.8 million.



As of September 30, 2017,2018, we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.5$1.42 billion under our revolving credit facility. We intend to continue

Our operations have historically generated strong positive cash flow which, along with availability under our existing revolving credit facility, provides adequate liquidity to invest in organic and strategic growth opportunities, as well as acquisitions such as our 2018 acquisition of KFMB and also intend to maintain the financial flexibility to pursue strategic acquisitions when appropriate.our pending acquisition of stations in Toledo, OH, and Odessa-Midland, TX. Our financial and operating performance, as well as our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to maintain compliance with credit facility covenants, are subject to certain risk factors; see the Part II. Other Information, Item 1A. Risk Factors discussion below.of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.



Cash Flows

The following table provides a summary of our cash flow information followed by a discussion of the key elements of our cash flow (in thousands):
 Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2017 2016
    
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, beginning of period$15,879
 $26,096
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations, beginning of period61,041
 103,104
     Balance of cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period76,920
 129,200
    
Operating activities:   
    Net (loss) income(88,579) 343,756
    Loss on write down of CareerBuilder342,900
 
    Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash adjustments153,242
 197,025
    Pension (contributions), net of expense(12,547) 2,135
    Spectrum channel share agreement proceeds32,588
 
    Other, net(76,421) (88,153)
Net cash flows from operating activities351,183
 454,763
Net cash from (used for) investing activities152,499
 (273,309)
Net cash used for financing activities(197,248) (203,325)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents306,434
 (21,871)
    
Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, end of period383,354
 19,185
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations, end of period
 88,144
     Balance of cash and cash equivalents, end of the period$383,354
 $107,329
 Nine months ended Sept. 30,
 2018 2017
    
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations, beginning of period$128,041
 $44,076
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations, beginning of period
 61,041
     Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of the period128,041
 105,117
    
Operating activities:   
    Net income (loss)244,850
 (88,579)
    Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash adjustments54,606
 496,142
    Pension (contributions), net of expense(39,932) (12,547)
    Spectrum channel share agreement proceeds
 32,588
    Other, net73,136
 (75,865)
Net cash flows from operating activities332,660
 351,739
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities(352,407) 153,366
Net cash used for financing activities(84,528) (197,248)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(104,275) 307,857
    
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations, end of period23,766
 412,974
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations, end of period
 
     Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of the period$23,766
 $412,974

Operating Activities - Cash flow from operating activities was $351.2$332.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to $454.8$351.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.same period in 2017. The decrease in net cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to higher programming coststhe absence of $135.1approximately $107.8 million (primarily due to the NBC affiliation agreement), the decline in political revenue of $50.7 million, and the absence of operating cash flow related to Cars.com and CareerBuilder following their spin-offwhich were spun-off and sale, respectively. sold, respectively, during 2017 as well as an increase of $27.4 million in pension payments and contributions in 2018.

These decreases were partially offset by declines in tax payments of $40.6$53.1 million andresulting primarily from lower tax rates following enactment of the Tax Act, as well as lower interest payments of $19.8 million.$12.2 million primarily due to lower average debt outstanding. Also partially offsetting the net operating cash flow decreasedecreases was a $22.1 million increase in deferred revenue, primarily due to upfront cash inflow receivedpayments made for political advertisements which will air in 2017the fourth quarter of $32.6 million from a spectrum channel sharing agreement.2018.

Investing Activities - Cash flow fromused for investing activities totaled $152.5was $352.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $153.4 million for the same period 2017. The cash used for investing activities in 2018 was primarily due to our acquisition of $273.3KFMB for $328.4 million for the same period 2016.and purchases of property and equipment of $35.3 million. The 2017 net cash inflowprovided by investing activities in 2017 was primarily a result of the sale of the majority of our ownership in CareerBuilder, which provided $198.3 million of proceeds, net of cash transferred. Additionally, we had cash inflow of $15.1$21.6 million from the sale of assets, primarily comprised of proceeds of $14.6 million from the sale of Gannett Co., Inc., common stock. These inflows were partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $63.8 million in 2017.

The 2016 net cash used for investing activities

A majority of $273.3 million was primarily comprised of $196.8 million paidour capital expenditures for the acquisitions of businesses (net of cash acquired)FCC spectrum repacking project will occur in 2018 and purchase2019, and we estimate that in total we will spend approximately $42.0 million on the project. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we spent approximately $6.6 million in capital expenditures on the spectrum repacking project and this is reflected in the line Purchase of property and equipment within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. We received FCC reimbursements during the first nine months of 2018 of $5.1 million, which were reflected in the amountline Reimbursement from spectrum repacking. We believe that the FCC will reimburse us for substantially all of $68.6 million.our expenditures related to the repack project.

Financing Activities - Cash flow used forby financing activities totaled $197.2was $84.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017,2018, compared to $203.3$197.2 million net outflow for the same period in 2016.2017. The 2017 net outflow of cash for financing activitieschange was primarily due to debt activity on our revolving credit facility and dividends.dividend payments. Activity on our revolving credit facility in the first nine months of 2018 resulted in a net inflow of $72.0 million, which includes an inflow of $220.0 million to partially fund our acquisition of KFMB, offset by repayments made subsequent to acquisition. With regards to 2017 debt activity, prior to the completion of the spin-off, Cars.com borrowed approximately $675.0 million under a revolving credit facility agreement, while incurring $6.2 million of debt issuance costs. The proceeds were used to make a one time tax-free cash distribution of $650.0 million from Cars.com to TEGNA. We used most of the cash received to pay down our then outstanding revolving credit balance of $609.9 million. Total net payments on the revolving credit facility in the first nine months of 2017 were $635.0 million. We used an additional $99.2

Also contributing to the fluctuation were dividend payments which resulted in cash outflows of $45.2 million in the first nine months of 2018 as compared to pay down other existing debt. Additionally,$75.1 million in the same period in 2017 we made dividend paymentsand a one time cash transfer of $75.1 million, paid a final dividend to the noncontrolling owners of CareerBuilder of $23.0 million, and transferred $20.1 million to Cars.com in connection with the spin-off.



The 2016 net financing outflow of $203.3 million was primarily a result of stock repurchases of $150.9 million and dividend payments of $91.6 million. These outflows were partially offset by a net debt inflow of $58.7 million primarily comprised of $310.0 million of borrowings which were partially offset by debt repayments of $249.6 million.

Non-GAAP Liquidity Measure

Our free cash flow, a non-GAAP liquidity measure, was $287.3 million for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $386.2 million for the same periodspin-off in 2016. Our free cash flow for the first nine months of 2017 was lower than the first nine months of 2016 because of the same factors affecting cash flow from operating activities discussed above. Free cash flow, which we reconcile to “Net cash flow from operating activities,” is cash flow from operating activities reduced by “Purchase of property and equipment.” We believe that free cash flow is a useful measure for management and investors to evaluate the level of cash generated by operations and the ability of our operations to fund investments in new and existing businesses, return cash to shareholders under our capital program, repay indebtedness or to use in other discretionary activities.

Reconciliations from “Net cash flow from operating activities” to “Free cash flow” follow (in thousands):
     Nine months ended September 30,
     2017 2016
        
Net cash flow from operating activities    $351,183
 $454,763
Purchase of property and equipment    (63,846) (68,577)
Free cash flow
 
 $287,337
 $386,186
2017.
Certain Factors Affecting Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements regarding business strategies, market potential, future financial performance and other matters. The words “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “project” and similar expressions, among others, generally identify “forward-looking statements”. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, including those described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our actual financial results may be different from those projected due to the inherent nature of projections. Given these uncertainties, forward-looking statements should not be relied on in making investment decisions. The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of its filing. Except where required by applicable law, we expressly disclaim a duty to provide updates to forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, changes in expectations, or the estimates and assumptions associated with them. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by the federal securities laws.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, refer to the following section of our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K: “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” Our exposureexposures to market risk has been reducedhave not changed materially since December 31, 2016, due to the sale of our majority ownership in CareerBuilder, which has decreased our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates related to CareerBuilder’s international operations.2017.

As of September 30, 2017, we had $379.22018, approximately $2.69 billion of our debt has a fixed interest rate (which represents approximately 90% of our total principal debt obligation). Our remaining debt obligation of $322.2 million in long-termhas floating rate obligations outstanding.interest rates. These obligations fluctuate with market interest rates. By way of comparison, a 50 basis points increase or decrease in the average interest rate for these obligations would result in a change in annualized interest expense of approximately $1.9$1.6 million. The fair value of our total debt, based on bid and ask quotes for the related debt, totaled $3.49$3.06 billion as of September 30, 2017,2018 and $4.19$3.16 billion as of December 31, 2016.2017.



Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017.2018. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective, as of September 30, 2017,2018, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

There have been no material changes in our internal controls or in other factors during the fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Other than ordinary, routine litigation incidentalSee Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding our business, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries currently is party to any material pending legal proceeding.proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 20162017 Annual Report on Form 10-K describes the risks and uncertainties that we believe may have the potential to materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, projected results and future prospects. The information below describes material changes fromrepresents an update to the cybersecurity risk factorsfactor disclosed in our 20162017 Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the other risk factors and information described therein.

The spin-offOur efforts to minimize the likelihood and impact of adverse cybersecurity incidents and to protect our technology and confidential information may not be successful and our business could be negatively affected
Our information technology systems are critically important to operating our business efficiently and effectively. We rely on our information technology systems to manage our business data, communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes. As such, we are exposed to various cybersecurity threats, including but not limited to, threats to our information technology infrastructure, and unauthorized attempts to gain access to our confidential information, including third parties which receive our confidential information for business purposes. We take significant measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks and defend our company against such attacks, including by conducting regular periodic training of our Cars.comemployees as to the protection of sensitive information and training intended to prevent the success of “phishing” attacks.
Despite these efforts, due to the evolving nature and ever-increasing abilities of cyber-attacks, we may not be successful in detecting, reporting or responding to cyber incidents in a timely manner. Depending on the severity of the breach or cyber-attack, such events could result in business interruptions, disclosure of nonpublic information, loss of sales and salecustomers, misstated financial data, liabilities for stolen assets or information, diversion of our majority ownership interest in CareerBuilder has reduced the sizemanagement’s attention, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, increased cybersecurity protection costs, litigation, and diversificationfinancial consequences, any or all of our business, which in turn increases our exposure to the changes and highly competitive environment of the broadcast industry.

We now operate as a single business segment which is more exposed to the increased competition and changing regulatory environment within the broadcast industry. Broadcast companies operate in a highly competitive environment and compete for audiences, advertising & marketing services revenue and quality programing. Lower audience share, declines in advertising & marketing services revenue and increased programming costs wouldcould adversely affect our business financial conditionoperations and resultsreputation. We maintain cyber risk insurance, but this insurance may be insufficient to cover all of operations.

In addition, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Congress are contemplating several new laws and changes to existing media ownership and other broadcast-related regulations, regarding a wide rangeour losses from any future breaches of matters (including permitting companies to own more stations in a single market, as well as owning more stations nationwide). Changes to FCC rules may lead to additional opportunities and increased uncertainty in the industry. We cannot be assured that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing, new or potential competitors, or that competition and consolidation in the media marketplace will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.systems.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On September 19, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. During the third quarter of 2017,2018, no shares were repurchased.repurchased and as of September 30, 2018, approximately $279.1 million remained under this program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.


Item 5. Other Information
None.


Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Number Description Location
     
3-1 Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. 
     
3-1-1 Amendment to Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. 
     
3-1-2 Amendment to Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. 
     
3-2 By-laws, as amended through December 8, 2015.July 24, 2018. 
     
10-1Tenth Amendment, dated as of August 1, 2017, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto.
     
31-1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of CEO. 
     
31-2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of CFO. 
     
32-1 Section 1350 Certification of CEO. 
     
32-2 Section 1350 Certification of CFO. 
     
101 
The following financial information from TEGNA Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017,2018, formatted in XBRL includes: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 20172018 and December 31, 2016,2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 20172018 and September 30, 2016,2017, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 20172018 and September 30, 2016,2017, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for the year-to-date periods ended September 30, 20172018 and September 30, 2016,2017, and (v) the notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

We agree to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each agreement with respect to long-term debt not filed herewith in reliance upon the exemption from filing applicable to any series of debt representing less than 10% of our total consolidated assets.

*Asterisks identify management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements.


SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 8, 20172018TEGNA INC.
  
 /s/ Clifton A. McClelland III
 Clifton A. McClelland III
 Senior Vice President and Controller
 (on behalf of Registrant and as Chief Accounting Officer)


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