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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31,September 30, 2023, or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                         to                         
Commission file number: 1-3754
Ally Financial Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 38-0572512
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
Ally Detroit Center
500 Woodward Avenue, Floor 10
Detroit, Michigan 48226
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(866) 710-4623
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolsName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareALLYNYSE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                    Yes                     No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                            Yes                     No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes                     No
At April 28,October 27, 2023, the number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock was 300,820,617301,630,395 shares.
1

Table of Contents
Index
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
2

Table of Contents
Index of Defined Terms
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
The following is a list of abbreviations and acronyms that are used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
TermDefinition
ALCOAsset-Liability Committee
ALMAsset Liability Management
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
BHFBetter Home & Finance Holding Company (formerly BMC Holdco)
BHCBank holding company
BHC ActBank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended
BMCBetter Mortgage Company
BMC HoldcoParent of BMC
BoardAlly Board of Directors
BTFPBank Term Funding Program
CDCertificate of deposit
CECLAccounting Standards Update 2016-13 (and related Accounting Standards Updates), or current expected credit loss
COHCorporate overhead
COVID-19Coronavirus disease 2019
CRACommunity Reinvestment Act of 1977, as amended
CSGCommercial Services Group
CVACredit valuation adjustment
Dodd-Frank ActDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended
DVADebit valuation adjustment
EGRRCP ActEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, as amended
ERMCEnterprise Risk Management Committee
ESGEnvironmental, social, and governance
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
F&IFinance and insurance
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDICIAFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, as amended
FHCFinancial holding company
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FRBFederal Reserve Bank, or Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as the context requires
FTPFunds-transfer pricing
GAPGuaranteed asset protection
GDPGross domestic product of the United States of America
GLB ActGramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, as amended
GMGeneral Motors Company
IB FinanceIB Finance Holding Company, LLC
LCRLiquidity coverage ratio
LGDLoss given default
LIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate
LIBOR ActAdjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act
LIHTCLow-income housing tax credit
LMILow-to-moderate income
LTVLoan-to-value
MD&AManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
NYSENew York Stock Exchange
3

Table of Contents
Index of Defined Terms
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

TermDefinition
MD&AManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
NYSENew York Stock Exchange
OTCOver-the-counter
P&CProperty and casualty
PCAPrompt corrective action
RCRisk Committee of the Ally Board of Directors
ROURight-of-use
RVRecreational vehicle
RWARisk-weighted asset
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SignatureSignature Bank
SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate
SPESpecial-purpose entity
StellantisStellantis N.V.
SVBSilicon Valley Bank
Tailoring RulesThe rules implementing Title IV of the EGRRCP Act
TDRTroubled debt restructuring
TLACTotal loss-absorbing capacity
UPBUnpaid principal balance
U.S. Basel IIIThe rules implementing the 2010 Basel III capital framework in the United States as well as related provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended from time to time
U.S. GAAPAccounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America
VIEVariable interest entity
VMCVehicle maintenance contract
VSCVehicle service contract
WACWeighted-average coupon
wSTWFWeighted short-term wholesale funding
4

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q


Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans$2,575 $1,714 
Interest on loans held-for-sale15 
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets238 188 
Interest on cash and cash equivalents56 
Operating leases402 403 
Total financing revenue and other interest income3,286 2,311 
Interest expense
Interest on deposits1,217 211 
Interest on short-term borrowings12 
Interest on long-term debt227 185 
Interest on other2 — 
Total interest expense1,458 401 
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets226 217 
Net financing revenue and other interest income1,602 1,693 
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned306 280 
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net4 14 
Other gain on investments, net74 
Other income, net of losses114 143 
Total other revenue498 442 
Total net revenue2,100 2,135 
Provision for credit losses446 167 
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense537 493 
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses88 58 
Other operating expenses641 571 
Total noninterest expense1,266 1,122 
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense388 846 
Income tax expense from continuing operations68 191 
Net income from continuing operations320 655 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)— 
Net income319 655 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax283 (1,633)
Comprehensive income (loss)$602 $(978)

Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans$2,837 $2,120 $8,133 $5,676 
Interest on loans held-for-sale7 10 29 18 
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets267 218 752 609 
Interest on cash and cash equivalents99 16 242 23 
Operating leases385 397 1,179 1,196 
Total financing revenue and other interest income3,595 2,761 10,335 7,522 
Interest expense
Interest on deposits1,563 567 4,198 1,041 
Interest on short-term borrowings13 43 36 67 
Interest on long-term debt274 194 753 563 
Interest on other — 2 
Total interest expense1,850 804 4,989 1,672 
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets212 238 638 674 
Net financing revenue and other interest income1,533 1,719 4,708 5,176 
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned320 289 936 849 
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net4 10 13 28 
Other (loss) gain on investments, net(41)(54)59 (173)
Other income, net of losses152 52 431 347 
Total other revenue435 297 1,439 1,051 
Total net revenue1,968 2,016 6,147 6,227 
Provision for credit losses508 438 1,381 909 
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense463 467 1,448 1,397 
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses107 70 329 217 
Other operating expenses662 624 1,970 1,807 
Total noninterest expense1,232 1,161 3,747 3,421 
Income from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense228 417 1,019 1,897 
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations(68)117 74 460 
Net income from continuing operations296 300 945 1,437 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (1)(1)(1)
Net income296 299 944 1,436 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(902)(1,331)(706)(4,182)
Comprehensive (loss) income$(606)$(1,032)$238 $(2,746)
Statement continues on the next page.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
5

Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
20232022
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
2023202220232022
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholdersNet income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders$292 $627 Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders$269 $273 $862 $1,354 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)— Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (1)(1)(1)
Net income attributable to common stockholdersNet income attributable to common stockholders$291 $627 Net income attributable to common stockholders$269 $272 $861 $1,353 
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)302,657 335,678 Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)304,134 308,220 303,497 321,884 
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)303,448 337,812 Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)305,693 310,086 304,601 323,875 
Basic earnings per common shareBasic earnings per common shareBasic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$0.97 $1.87 Net income from continuing operations$0.88 $0.88 $2.84 $4.20 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax — (0.01)— 
Net incomeNet income$0.96 $1.87 Net income$0.88 $0.88 $2.84 $4.20 
Diluted earnings per common shareDiluted earnings per common shareDiluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$0.96 $1.86 Net income from continuing operations$0.88 $0.88 $2.83 $4.18 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax — (0.01)— 
Net incomeNet income$0.96 $1.86 Net income$0.88 $0.88 $2.83 $4.18 
Cash dividends declared per common shareCash dividends declared per common share$0.30 $0.30 Cash dividends declared per common share$0.30 $0.30 $0.90 $0.90 
(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.
(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.
Refer to Note 16 for additional earnings per share information. The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
6

Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
($ in millions, except share data)($ in millions, except share data)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions, except share data)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearingNoninterest-bearing$554 $542 Noninterest-bearing$603 $542 
Interest-bearingInterest-bearing9,226 5,029 Interest-bearing7,912 5,029 
Total cash and cash equivalentsTotal cash and cash equivalents9,780 5,571 Total cash and cash equivalents8,515 5,571 
Equity securitiesEquity securities718 681 Equity securities725 681 
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $34,272 and $34,863)29,450 29,541 
Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $891 and $884)1,047 1,062 
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $33,265 and $34,863)Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $33,265 and $34,863)26,794 29,541 
Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $779 and $884)Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $779 and $884)1,013 1,062 
Loans held-for-sale, netLoans held-for-sale, net524 654 Loans held-for-sale, net289 654 
Finance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, net
Finance receivables and loans, net of unearned incomeFinance receivables and loans, net of unearned income136,304 135,748 Finance receivables and loans, net of unearned income140,260 135,748 
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan losses(3,751)(3,711)Allowance for loan losses(3,837)(3,711)
Total finance receivables and loans, netTotal finance receivables and loans, net132,553 132,037 Total finance receivables and loans, net136,423 132,037 
Investment in operating leases, netInvestment in operating leases, net10,236 10,444 Investment in operating leases, net9,569 10,444 
Premiums receivable and other insurance assetsPremiums receivable and other insurance assets2,713 2,698 Premiums receivable and other insurance assets2,775 2,698 
Other assetsOther assets9,144 9,138 Other assets9,601 9,138 
Total assetsTotal assets$196,165 $191,826 Total assets$195,704 $191,826 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Deposit liabilitiesDeposit liabilitiesDeposit liabilities
Noninterest-bearingNoninterest-bearing$174 $185 Noninterest-bearing$188 $185 
Interest-bearingInterest-bearing153,839 152,112 Interest-bearing152,647 152,112 
Total deposit liabilitiesTotal deposit liabilities154,013 152,297 Total deposit liabilities152,835 152,297 
Short-term borrowingsShort-term borrowings1,455 2,399 Short-term borrowings2,410 2,399 
Long-term debtLong-term debt20,480 17,762 Long-term debt20,096 17,762 
Interest payableInterest payable759 408 Interest payable1,437 408 
Unearned insurance premiums and service revenueUnearned insurance premiums and service revenue3,455 3,453 Unearned insurance premiums and service revenue3,494 3,453 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities2,625 2,648 Accrued expenses and other liabilities2,607 2,648 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities182,787 178,967 Total liabilities182,879 178,967 
Contingencies (refer to Note 23)Contingencies (refer to Note 23)Contingencies (refer to Note 23)
EquityEquityEquity
Common stock and paid-in capital ($0.01 par value, shares authorized 1,100,000,000; issued 510,014,869 and 507,682,838; and outstanding 300,820,617 and 299,324,357)21,880 21,816 
Common stock and paid-in capital ($0.01 par value, shares authorized 1,100,000,000; issued 510,887,028 and 507,682,838; and outstanding 301,629,751 and 299,324,357)Common stock and paid-in capital ($0.01 par value, shares authorized 1,100,000,000; issued 510,887,028 and 507,682,838; and outstanding 301,629,751 and 299,324,357)21,936 21,816 
Preferred stockPreferred stock2,324 2,324 Preferred stock2,324 2,324 
Accumulated deficit(185)(384)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)197 (384)
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAccumulated other comprehensive loss(3,776)(4,059)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(4,765)(4,059)
Treasury stock, at cost (209,194,252 and 208,358,481 shares)(6,865)(6,838)
Treasury stock, at cost (209,257,277 and 208,358,481 shares)Treasury stock, at cost (209,257,277 and 208,358,481 shares)(6,867)(6,838)
Total equityTotal equity13,378 12,859 Total equity12,825 12,859 
Total liabilities and equityTotal liabilities and equity$196,165 $191,826 Total liabilities and equity$195,704 $191,826 
Statement continues on the next page.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
7

Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The assets of consolidated variable interest entities that can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated variable interest entities and the liabilities of these entities for which creditors (or beneficial interest holders) do not have recourse to our general credit were as follows.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Finance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, net
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$11,354 $9,547 Consumer automotive$9,594 $9,547 
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan losses(412)(336)Allowance for loan losses(352)(336)
Total finance receivables and loans, netTotal finance receivables and loans, net10,942 9,211 Total finance receivables and loans, net9,242 9,211 
Other assetsOther assets810 645 Other assets584 645 
Total assetsTotal assets$11,752 $9,856 Total assets$9,826 $9,856 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Long-term debtLong-term debt$3,043 $2,436 Long-term debt$3,118 $2,436 
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities8 Accrued expenses and other liabilities7 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$3,051 $2,441 Total liabilities$3,125 $2,441 
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
8

Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)Common stock and paid-in capitalPreferred stockAccumulated deficitAccumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stockTotal equity($ in millions)Common stock and paid-in capitalPreferred stockRetained earnings (accumulated deficit)Accumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stockTotal equity
Balance at January 1, 2022$21,671 $2,324 $(1,599)$(158)$(5,188)$17,050 
Balance at July 1, 2022Balance at July 1, 2022$21,762 $2,324 $(721)$(3,009)$(6,372)$13,984 
Net incomeNet income655 655 Net income299 299 
Preferred stock dividends — Series BPreferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)Preferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)
Preferred stock dividends — Series CPreferred stock dividends — Series C(12)(12)Preferred stock dividends — Series C(11)(11)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation57 57 Share-based compensation19 19 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss(1,633)(1,633)Other comprehensive loss(1,331)(1,331)
Common stock repurchasesCommon stock repurchases(584)(584)Common stock repurchases(415)(415)
Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)(104)(104)Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)(95)(95)
Balance at March 31, 2022$21,728 $2,324 $(1,076)$(1,791)$(5,772)$15,413 
Balance at January 1, 2023$21,816 $2,324 $(384)$(4,059)$(6,838)$12,859 
Balance at September 30, 2022Balance at September 30, 2022$21,781 $2,324 $(544)$(4,340)$(6,787)$12,434 
Balance at July 1, 2023Balance at July 1, 2023$21,915 $2,324 $23 $(3,863)$(6,867)$13,532 
Net incomeNet income319 319 Net income296 296 
Preferred stock dividends — Series BPreferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)Preferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)
Preferred stock dividends — Series CPreferred stock dividends — Series C(12)(12)Preferred stock dividends — Series C(11)(11)
Share-based compensationShare-based compensation64 64 Share-based compensation21 21 
Other comprehensive income283 283 
Common stock repurchases(27)(27)
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss(902)(902)
Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)(92)(92)Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)(95)(95)
Balance at March 31, 2023$21,880 $2,324 $(185)$(3,776)$(6,865)$13,378 
Balance at September 30, 2023Balance at September 30, 2023$21,936 $2,324 $197 $(4,765)$(6,867)$12,825 
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)Common stock and paid-in capitalPreferred stockRetained earnings (accumulated deficit)Accumulated other comprehensive lossTreasury stockTotal equity
Balance at January 1, 2022$21,671 $2,324 $(1,599)$(158)$(5,188)$17,050 
Net income1,436 1,436 
Preferred stock dividends — Series B(48)(48)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C(35)(35)
Share-based compensation110 110 
Other comprehensive loss(4,182)(4,182)
Common stock repurchases(1,599)(1,599)
Common stock dividends ($0.90 per share)(298)(298)
Balance at September 30, 2022$21,781 $2,324 $(544)$(4,340)$(6,787)$12,434 
Balance at January 1, 2023$21,816 $2,324 $(384)$(4,059)$(6,838)$12,859 
Net income944 944 
Preferred stock dividends — Series B(48)(48)
Preferred stock dividends — Series C(35)(35)
Share-based compensation120 120 
Other comprehensive loss(706)(706)
Common stock repurchases(29)(29)
Common stock dividends ($0.90 per share)(280)(280)
Balance at September 30, 2023$21,936 $2,324 $197 $(4,765)$(6,867)$12,825 
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
9

Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
20232022
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
20232022
Operating activitiesOperating activitiesOperating activities
Net incomeNet income$319 $655 Net income$944 $1,436 
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesReconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activitiesReconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization317 339 Depreciation and amortization923 1,000 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses446 167 Provision for credit losses1,381 909 
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, netGain on mortgage and automotive loans, net(4)(14)Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net(13)(28)
Other gain on investments, net(74)(5)
Other (gain) loss on investments, netOther (gain) loss on investments, net(59)173 
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-saleOriginations and purchases of loans held-for-sale(844)(1,355)Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale(1,913)(3,394)
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held-for-saleProceeds from sales and repayments of loans held-for-sale1,068 1,465 Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held-for-sale2,283 3,118 
Net change inNet change inNet change in
Deferred income taxesDeferred income taxes24 183 Deferred income taxes(62)447 
Interest payableInterest payable351 92 Interest payable1,029 274 
Other assetsOther assets(43)214 Other assets29 1,120 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities(208)(122)Other liabilities52 (88)
Other, netOther, net80 22 Other, net86 107 
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities1,432 1,641 Net cash provided by operating activities4,680 5,074 
Investing activitiesInvesting activitiesInvesting activities
Purchases of equity securitiesPurchases of equity securities(45)(349)Purchases of equity securities(257)(515)
Proceeds from sales of equity securitiesProceeds from sales of equity securities87 548 Proceeds from sales of equity securities295 808 
Purchases of available-for-sale securitiesPurchases of available-for-sale securities(152)(3,962)Purchases of available-for-sale securities(388)(6,346)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securitiesProceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities307 474 Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities337 768 
Proceeds from repayments of available-for-sale securitiesProceeds from repayments of available-for-sale securities477 1,508 Proceeds from repayments of available-for-sale securities1,631 3,720 
Purchases of held-to-maturity securitiesPurchases of held-to-maturity securities (47)
Proceeds from repayments of held-to-maturity securitiesProceeds from repayments of held-to-maturity securities15 59 Proceeds from repayments of held-to-maturity securities49 133 
Purchases of finance receivables and loans held-for-investmentPurchases of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment(818)(1,364)Purchases of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment(3,201)(6,360)
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables and loans initially held-for-investmentProceeds from sales of finance receivables and loans initially held-for-investment4 Proceeds from sales of finance receivables and loans initially held-for-investment25 12 
Originations and repayments of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment and other, netOriginations and repayments of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment and other, net(103)(2,240)Originations and repayments of finance receivables and loans held-for-investment and other, net(2,452)(5,050)
Purchases of operating lease assetsPurchases of operating lease assets(741)(946)Purchases of operating lease assets(2,174)(2,840)
Disposals of operating lease assetsDisposals of operating lease assets706 865 Disposals of operating lease assets2,384 2,449 
Net change in nonmarketable equity investmentsNet change in nonmarketable equity investments(2)(116)Net change in nonmarketable equity investments(45)(261)
Other, netOther, net(117)(163)Other, net(419)(379)
Net cash used in investing activitiesNet cash used in investing activities(382)(5,685)Net cash used in investing activities(4,215)(13,908)
Statement continues on the next page.Statement continues on the next page.Statement continues on the next page.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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Table of Contents
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
20232022
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
20232022
Financing activitiesFinancing activitiesFinancing activities
Net change in short-term borrowingsNet change in short-term borrowings(944)3,950 Net change in short-term borrowings11 7,200 
Net increase in depositsNet increase in deposits1,715 916 Net increase in deposits525 4,166 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debtProceeds from issuance of long-term debt3,129 1,059 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt4,893 4,867 
Repayments of long-term debtRepayments of long-term debt(426)(2,222)Repayments of long-term debt(2,609)(5,314)
Purchases of land and buildings in satisfaction of finance lease liabilitiesPurchases of land and buildings in satisfaction of finance lease liabilities (44)
Repurchases of common stockRepurchases of common stock(27)(584)Repurchases of common stock(29)(1,599)
Common stock dividends paidCommon stock dividends paid(96)(104)Common stock dividends paid(277)(298)
Preferred stock dividends paidPreferred stock dividends paid(28)(28)Preferred stock dividends paid(83)(83)
Net cash provided by financing activitiesNet cash provided by financing activities3,323 2,987 Net cash provided by financing activities2,431 8,895 
Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cashEffect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash Effect of exchange-rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (9)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash4,373 (1,055)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cashNet increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash2,896 52 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of yearCash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year6,222 5,670 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year6,222 5,670 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at March 31,$10,595 $4,615 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30,Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30,$9,118 $5,722 
Supplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosuresSupplemental disclosures
Cash paid (received) forCash paid (received) forCash paid (received) for
InterestInterest$1,085 $292 Interest$3,895 $1,342 
Income taxesIncome taxes(150)21 Income taxes(42)(427)
Noncash itemsNoncash itemsNoncash items
Loans held-for-sale transferred to finance receivables and loans held-for-investmentLoans held-for-sale transferred to finance receivables and loans held-for-investment75 25 Loans held-for-sale transferred to finance receivables and loans held-for-investment208 92 
Finance receivables and loans held-for-investment transferred to loans held-for-saleFinance receivables and loans held-for-investment transferred to loans held-for-sale11 
Transfer of equity-method investments to equity securitiesTransfer of equity-method investments to equity securities 40 
Transfer of nonmarketable equity investments to equity securitiesTransfer of nonmarketable equity investments to equity securities19 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
March 31, ($ in millions)
20232022
September 30, ($ in millions)
September 30, ($ in millions)
20232022
Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetCash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet$9,780 $3,932 Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet$8,515 $5,004 
Restricted cash included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (a)Restricted cash included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (a)815 683 Restricted cash included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (a)603 718 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash FlowsTotal cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows$10,595 $4,615 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows$9,118 $5,722 
(a)Restricted cash balances relate primarily to our securitization arrangements. Refer to Note 10 for additional details describing the nature of restricted cash balances.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

1.    Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Changes in Significant Accounting Policies
Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.
Our accounting and reporting policies conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior periods’ financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation, which did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and that affect income and expenses during the reporting period and related disclosures. In developing the estimates and assumptions, management uses all available evidence; however, actual results could differ because of uncertainties associated with estimating the amounts, timing, and likelihood of possible outcomes. Our most significant estimates pertain to the allowance for loan losses, valuations of automotive lease assets and residuals, fair value of financial instruments, and the determination of the provision for income taxes.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at March 31,September 30, 2023, and for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, are unaudited but reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements (and the related Notes) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed on February 24, 2023, with the SEC.
Significant Accounting Policies
Finance Receivables and Loans
On January 1, 2023, we implemented ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. This guidance eliminates the concept of TDRs and adds new disclosure requirements related to loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and gross charge-offs. We implemented the ASU on a prospective basis, which results in certain aspects of our accounting policies changing for the current year. For significant accounting policy information related to the accounting and reporting of TDRs, for which comparative period information is presented, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Modifications of Loans with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
We may provide a modification to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty if we believe they have the ability and are willing to repay their loan. The type of modification granted will vary depending on our credit risk management practices, as well as the borrower’s financial condition and the characteristics of the loan, including the unpaid balance, the underlying collateral, and the number or types of previous modifications granted. Modifications that we make subject to these requirements include payment extensions, principal forgiveness, and/or interest rate concessions. These modifications generally reduce the borrower’s periodic payment amount. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications.
Payment extensions — Payment extensions include both payment deferrals and contractual maturity extensions. Deferral arrangements allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual terms of the loan and the contractual maturity date of the loan remains unchanged. Deferrals also include certain forbearance agreements. Within the commercial loan portfolio, deferrals primarily reflect a deferral of interest payments. Under a contractual maturity extension agreement, the last payment date is extended to a future date, contractually lengthening the remaining term of the original loan.
Principal forgiveness — Under principal forgiveness, the outstanding principal balance of a loan is reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding. Under these involuntary instances, the bankruptcy court in a Chapter 11 or 13 proceeding may order us to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the loan to a specified amount.
Interest rate concessions — Interest rate concessions adjust the contractual interest rate of the loan to a rate that is not consistent with a market rate for a customer with similar credit risk.
Combination — Combination includes loans that have undergone multiple of the above loan modification types. This primarily includes rewritten loans where we grant an interest rate concession and a contractual maturity extension.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. In all cases, the cumulative impacts of all modifications made within the 12-month period before the current modification are considered at the time of the most recent modification.
For consumer loans of all classes, various qualitative factors are used for assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. These factors include, but are not limited to, the borrower’s default status on any of its debts, bankruptcy, and recent changes in financial circumstances (for instance, loss of employment). For commercial loans of all classes, similar qualitative factors are considered when assessing the financial difficulty of the borrower. In addition to the previously noted factors, consideration is also given to the borrower’s forecasted ability to service the debt in accordance with the contractual terms, possible regulatory actions, and other potential business disruptions (for example, the loss of a significant customer or other revenue stream).
In our consumer automotive portfolio class of loans, we also provide extensions or deferrals of payments to borrowers whom we deem to be experiencing only temporary financial difficulty. In these cases, there are limits within our operational policies to minimize the number of times a loan can be extended, as well as limits to the length of each extension, including a cumulative cap over the life of the loan. If these limits are breached, the modification may require disclosure as noted in the following paragraph. Before offering an extension or deferral, we evaluate the capacity of the customer to make the scheduled payments after the deferral period. During the deferral period, we continue to accrue interest on the loan as part of the deferral agreement. We grant these extensions or deferrals when we expect to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the original contract rate.
We do not disclose modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay. In order to assess whether a payment delay is insignificant, we consider the amount of the modified payments subject to delay in conjunction with the unpaid principal balance or the collateral value of the loan, whether or not the delay is significant with respect to the frequency of payments under the original contract, or the loan’s original expected duration. In the cases where payment extensions cumulatively extend beyond 90 days and are more than 10% of the original contractual term, or where the cumulative payment extension within the 12-month period immediately preceding the current modification is beyond 180 days, we deem the delay in payment to be more than insignificant.
The financial impacts of modifications that meet the definition of a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are reported in the period in which they are identified. Additionally, if such a loan defaults within 12 months of the modification, we are required to disclose the instances of redefault. For the purpose of this disclosure, we have determined that a loan is considered to have redefaulted when the loan meets the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy, except for commercial loans where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.
Nonaccrual Loans
Generally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.
Income Taxes
In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax accounting policy and related methodology.
Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant accounting policies.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Recently Adopted Accounting StandardsNonaccrual Loans
Troubled Debt RestructuringsGenerally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02)loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.
Income Taxes
In March 2022,calculating the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The purpose of this guidance is twofold. First, the guidance eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance that has been deemed no longer necessary under CECL. The guidance also adds a requirement to incorporate current year gross charge-offs by origination year into the vintage tables. With respect to the TDR impacts, under CECL, credit lossesprovision for financial assets measured at amortized cost are determined based on the total current expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Therefore, credit losses on financial assets that have been modified as TDRs would have largely been incorporated in the allowance upon initial recognition. Under ASU 2022-02, we will evaluate whether loan modifications previously characterized as TDRs represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loaninterim income taxes, in accordance with ASC Topic 310,740, ReceivablesIncome Taxes. The guidance also added new disclosures that require, we apply an entityestimated annual effective tax rate to provide information related to loan modifications that are made to borrowers that are deemedyear-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be in financial difficulty. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The impact of these amendments was not material.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The purpose of this guidance is to clarify that a contractual restriction on the ability to sell an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore should not be considered when measuring the equity security’s fair value. Additionally, an entity cannot separately recognize and measure a contractual-sale restriction. This guidance also adds specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual-sale restrictions, including (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using a prospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.
Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (ASU 2023-02)
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The purpose of this guidance is to expand the use of the proportional amortization method to certain tax equity investments made primarilyapplicable for the purpose of receivingfull fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax creditsaccounting policy and other income tax benefits. In orderrelated methodology.
Refer to qualify for the proportional amortization method, the following five conditions must be met: (1) it is probable that the income tax credits allocableNote 1 to the tax equity investor will be available, (2) the tax equity investor does not have the ability to exerciseConsolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the underlying project, (3) substantially all of the projected benefits are from income tax credits and other income tax benefits, (4) the tax equity investor’s projected yield is based solely on the cash flows from the income tax credits and other income tax benefits is positive, and (5) the tax equity investor is a limited liability investor in the limited liability entity for both legal and tax purposes, and the tax equity investor’s liability is limited to its capital investment. Selecting the proportional amortization method will be an accounting policy election that must be applied on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than at the entity level or to individual investments. Additionally, in order to apply the proportional amortization method to qualifying investments, an entity must use the flow-through method when accounting for the receipt of the investment tax credits. This guidance also adds disclosure requirements related to tax credit programs where the proportional amortization method has been elected. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using either a modified retrospective or retrospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in retained earnings and disclosed upon adoption. In the event that we elect to apply the proportional amortization method to any qualifying programs upon adoption, management is still assessing the total impacts of these amendments, but does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.
2.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our primary revenue sources, which include financing revenue and other interest income, are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not in the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. As part of our Insurance operations, we recognize revenue from insurance contracts, which are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not included in the scope of this standard. Certain noninsurance contracts within our Insurance operations, including VSCs, GAP contracts, and VMCs, are included in the scope of this standard. All revenue associated with noninsurance contracts is recognized over the contract term on a basis proportionate to the anticipated cost emergence. Further, commissions and sales expense incurred to obtain these contracts are amortized over the terms of the related policies and service contracts on the same basis as premiums and service revenue are earned, and all advertising costs are recognized as expense when incurred.policies.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents a disaggregated view of our revenue from contracts with customers. For further information regarding our revenue recognition policies and details about the nature of our respective revenue streams, refer to Note 1 and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)$ $169 $ $ $ $169 
Remarketing fee income33     33 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue    23 23 
Banking fees and interchange income (d)    10 10 
Brokered/agent commissions 3    3 
Other5     5 
Total revenue from contracts with customers38 172   33 243 
All other revenue39 209 4 29 (26)255 
Total other revenue (e)$77 $381 $4 $29 $7 $498 
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)$— $162 $— $— $— $162 
Remarketing fee income27 — — — — 27 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue— — — — 11 11 
Banking fees and interchange income (d)— — — — 11 11 
Brokered/agent commissions— — — — 
Other— — — 
Total revenue from contracts with customers32 166 — — 23 221 
All other revenue36 104 14 24 43 221 
Total other revenue (e)$68 $270 $14 $24 $66 $442 
(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at January 1, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $241 million and $231 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(b)At March 31, 2023, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts, and with respect to this balance we expect to recognize revenue of $680 million during the remainder of 2023, $779 million in 2024, $604 million in 2025, $423 million in 2026, and $481 million thereafter. At March 31, 2022, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts.
(c)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and recognized $144 million of expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion at March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, and recognized $137 million of expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
(d)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $4 million and $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(e)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.
In addition to the components of other revenue presented above, as part of our Automotive Finance operations, we recognized net remarketing gains of $47 million and $50 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively, on the sale of off-lease vehicles. These gains are included in depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
3.    Other Income, Net of Losses
Details of other income, net of losses, were as follows.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Late charges and other administrative fees$47 $37 
Remarketing fees33 27 
Loss on nonmarketable equity investments, net (a)(11)(1)
(Loss) income from equity-method investments (a)(18)20 
Other, net63 60 
Total other income, net of losses$114 $143 
(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments.
4.    Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
The following table shows a rollforward of our reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.
($ in millions)20232022
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,$119 $122 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable72 81 
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,47 41 
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred related to:
Current year87 61 
Prior years (a)1 (3)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred88 58 
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable related to:
Current year(49)(36)
Prior years(28)(20)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable(77)(56)
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at March 31,58 43 
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable75 80 
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at March 31,$133 $123 
(a)There have been no material adverse changes to the reserve for prior years.
5.    Other Operating Expenses
Details of other operating expenses were as follows.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Insurance commissions$157 $149 
Technology and communications108 97 
Advertising and marketing78 72 
Lease and loan administration48 51 
Property and equipment depreciation47 39 
Regulatory and licensing fees35 26 
Professional services32 43 
Vehicle remarketing and repossession27 20 
Amortization of intangible assets (a)7 
Other102 66 
Total other operating expenses$641 $571 
(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our intangible assets.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
6.    Investment Securities
Our investment portfolio includes various debt and equity securities. Our debt securities, which are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, include government securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were as follows.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Amortized costGross unrealizedFair valueAmortized costGross unrealizedFair value
($ in millions)gainslossesgainslosses
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$2,274 $ $(210)$2,064 $2,272 $— $(256)$2,016 
U.S. States and political subdivisions783 2 (72)713 841 (82)760 
Foreign government173  (9)164 158 — (12)146 
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)19,161  (2,741)16,420 19,668 (3,038)16,633 
Mortgage-backed residential5,069 1 (788)4,282 5,154 — (855)4,299 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)4,451  (799)3,652 4,380 — (845)3,535 
Asset-backed440  (21)419 459 — (26)433 
Corporate debt1,921 1 (186)1,736 1,931 (213)1,719 
Total available-for-sale securities (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)$34,272 $4 $(4,826)$29,450 $34,863 $$(5,327)$29,541 
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,047 $ $(156)$891 $1,062 $— $(178)$884 
Total held-to-maturity securities (f) (g)$1,047 $ $(156)$891 $1,062 $— $(178)$884 
(a)Fair value includes a $46 million asset and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and a $70 million and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Certain available-for-sale securities are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(c)Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $12 million at both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(d)Available-for-sale securities with a fair value of $4.9 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This primarily included $3.4 billion and $3.0 billion pledged to secure advances from the FHLB at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This also included securities pledged for other purposes as required by contractual obligations or law, under which agreements we granted the counterparty the right to sell or pledge $1.5 billion and $899 million of the underlying available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(e)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $87 million and $91 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(f)There was no allowance for credit losses recorded at both March 31, 2023, or December 31, 2022, as management determined that there were no expected credit losses in our portfolio of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
(g)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $2 million at both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The maturity distribution of debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables based upon contractual maturities. Call or prepayment options may cause actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities.
TotalDue in one year or lessDue after one year through five yearsDue after five years through ten yearsDue after ten years
($ in millions)AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
March 31, 2023
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$2,064 1.6 %$  %$946 1.3 %$1,118 1.8 %$  %
U.S. States and political subdivisions713 3.1 17 2.8 55 2.6 104 3.3 537 3.2 
Foreign government164 1.9 14 0.9 79 2.0 71 2.1   
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)16,420 2.6     51 2.3 16,369 2.6 
Mortgage-backed residential4,282 2.8     14 2.9 4,268 2.8 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)3,652 2.2   96 3.1 1,355 2.2 2,201 2.2 
Asset-backed419 1.8   405 1.7 12 5.0 2 2.8 
Corporate debt1,736 2.5 96 2.2 969 2.4 656 2.6 15 5.6 
Total available-for-sale securities$29,450 2.5 $127 2.1 $2,550 1.9 $3,381 2.2 $23,392 2.6 
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities$34,272 $130 $2,729 $3,874 $27,539 
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,047 2.8 %$  %$  %$  %$1,047 2.8 %
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,047 2.8 $  $  $  $1,047 2.8 
December 31, 2022
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$2,016 1.6 %$— — %$716 1.3 %$1,300 1.7 %$— — %
U.S. States and political subdivisions760 3.2 26 2.7 60 2.7 112 3.3 562 3.2 
Foreign government146 1.8 13 0.8 74 1.8 59 1.9 — — 
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)16,633 2.6 — — — — 27 2.0 16,606 2.6 
Mortgage-backed residential4,299 2.8 — — — — 14 2.9 4,285 2.8 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)3,535 2.2 — — 66 3.1 1,234 2.1 2,235 2.1 
Asset-backed433 1.7 — — 401 1.7 25 1.8 3.5 
Corporate debt1,719 2.4 86 2.4 912 2.3 705 2.6 16 4.9 
Total available-for-sale securities$29,541 2.5 $125 2.3 $2,229 1.9 $3,476 2.1 $23,711 2.6 
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities$34,863 $126 $2,403 $4,048 $28,286 
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,062 2.8 %$— — %$— — %$— — %$1,062 2.8 %
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,062 2.8 $— — $— — $— — $1,062 2.8 
(a)Yield is calculated using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the market value. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon and amortized cost, and excludes expected capital gains and losses.
(b)Fair value includes a $46 million asset and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and a $70 million and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
The balances of cash equivalents were $17 million and $18 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were composed primarily of money-market funds and short-term securities, including U.S. Treasury bills.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents interest and dividends on investment securities.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Taxable interest$217 $174 
Taxable dividends3 
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax6 
Interest and dividends on investment securities$226 $183 
The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities, and net gains or losses on equity securities held during the period.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Available-for-sale securities
Gross realized gains$5 $18 
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities5 18 
Net realized gain on equity securities5 52 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities64 (65)
Other gain on investments, net$74 $
The following table presents the credit quality of our held-to-maturity securities, based on the latest available information as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The credit ratings are sourced from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, which include S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The ratings presented are a composite of the ratings sourced from the agencies or, if the ratings cannot be sourced from the agencies, are based on the asset type of the particular security. All our held-to-maturity securities were current in their payment of principal and interest as of both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our held-to-maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 2022.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)AATotal (a)AATotal (a)
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,047 $1,047 $1,062 $1,062 
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,047 $1,047 $1,062 $1,062 
(a)Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, which we evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists requiring the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. For additional information on our methodology, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our available-for-sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 2022.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerLess than 12 months12 months or longer
($ in millions)Fair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$10 $ $2,054 $(210)$529 $(68)$1,487 $(188)
U.S. States and political subdivisions164 (2)439 (70)547 (55)135 (27)
Foreign government16  137 (9)75 (4)71 (8)
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)1,998 (95)14,364 (2,646)7,472 (892)8,978 (2,146)
Mortgage-backed residential512 (29)3,726 (759)1,985 (289)2,287 (566)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)507 (24)3,089 (775)996 (124)2,535 (721)
Asset-backed50 (1)362 (20)162 (4)272 (22)
Corporate debt262 (9)1,406 (177)782 (67)895 (146)
Total available-for-sale securities$3,519 $(160)$25,577 $(4,666)$12,548 $(1,503)$16,660 $(3,824)
(a)Includes basis adjustments for certain securities that are included in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. This analysis considered a variety of factors including, but not limited to, performance indicators of the issuer, default rates, industry analyst reports, credit ratings, and other relevant information, which indicated that contractual cash flows are expected to occur. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that no credit reserves were required at March 31, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
7.    Finance Receivables and Loans, Net
The composition of finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost basis was as follows.
($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (a)$83,640 $83,286 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance (b)19,189 19,445 
Mortgage — Legacy (c)272 290 
Total consumer mortgage19,461 19,735 
Consumer other
Personal Lending (d)2,074 1,990 
Credit Card1,640 1,599 
Total consumer other3,714 3,589 
Total consumer106,815 106,610 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive14,905 14,595 
Other9,075 9,154 
Commercial real estate5,509 5,389 
Total commercial29,489 29,138 
Total finance receivables and loans (e) (f)$136,304 $135,748 
(a)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $2 million and $3 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.
(c)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $16 million and $17 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.
(d)Includes $2 million and $3 million of finance receivables at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option.
(e)Totals include net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $2.3 billion at both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(f)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $726 million and $707 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billed interest on our credit card loans is included within finance receivables and loans, net.
The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (a)CommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2023$3,020 $27 $426 $238 $3,711 
Charge-offs (b)(536)(1)(64) (601)
Recoveries185 2 5  192 
Net charge-offs(351)1 (59) (409)
Provision for credit losses (c)353 (4)88 12 449 
Other (1) 1  
Allowance at March 31, 2023$3,022 $23 $455 $251 $3,751 
(a)Excludes$3 million and $2 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.
(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(c)Excludes $3 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (a)CommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2022$2,769 $27 $221 $250 $3,267 
Charge-offs (b)(276)(1)(24)— (301)
Recoveries163 168 
Net charge-offs(113)(23)(133)
Provision for credit losses107 (3)59 167 
Other— — (1)— 
Allowance at March 31, 2022$2,763 $26 $258 $254 $3,301 
(a)Excludes $7 million of finance receivables and loans at both January 1, 2022, and March 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.
(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
The following table presents sales of finance receivables and loans and transfers of finance receivables and loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale based on net carrying value.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Consumer mortgage$1 $— 
Total sales and transfers$1 $— 
The following table presents purchases of finance receivables and loans based on unpaid principal balance at the time of purchase.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Consumer automotive$758 $493 
Consumer mortgage2 825 
Commercial7 — 
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans (a)$767 $1,318 
(a)Excludes $4 million of finance receivables and loans purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nonaccrual Loans
Generally, we recognize loans of all classes as past due when they are 30 days delinquent on making a contractually required payment, and loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for at least 90 days, or when full collection is not expected. Interest income recognition is suspended when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Additionally, amortization of premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs ceases when finance receivables and loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Exceptions include commercial real estate loans that are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for 60 days or when full collection is not probable, if sooner. Additionally, a loan can be returned to accrual status when the loan has been brought fully current, the collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured, and six consecutive months of repayment performance is achieved. In certain cases, if a borrower has been current up to the time of the modification and repayment of the debt subsequent to the modification is reasonably assured, we may choose to continue to accrue interest on the loan.
Income Taxes
In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. This method differs from that described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes our annual significant income tax accounting policy and related methodology.
Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant accounting policies.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (ASU 2022-02)
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The purpose of this guidance is twofold. First, the guidance eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance that has been deemed no longer necessary under CECL. The guidance also adds a requirement to incorporate current year gross charge-offs by origination year into the vintage tables. With respect to the TDR impacts, under CECL, credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are determined based on the total current expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset or group of financial assets. Therefore, credit losses on financial assets that have been modified as TDRs would have largely been incorporated in the allowance upon initial recognition. Under ASU 2022-02, we will evaluate whether loan modifications previously characterized as TDRs represent a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Receivables. The guidance also added new disclosures that require an entity to provide information related to loan modifications that are made to borrowers that are deemed to be in financial difficulty. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The impact of these amendments was not material.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The purpose of this guidance is to clarify that a contractual restriction on the ability to sell an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore should not be considered when measuring the equity security’s fair value. Additionally, an entity cannot separately recognize and measure a contractual-sale restriction. This guidance also adds specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual-sale restrictions, including (1) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the restrictions, and (3) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using a prospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management does not expect the impact of these amendments to be material.
Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (ASU 2023-02)
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. The purpose of this guidance is to expand the use of the proportional amortization method to certain tax equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. In order to qualify for the proportional amortization method, the following five conditions must be met: (1) it is probable that the income tax credits allocable to the tax equity investor will be available, (2) the tax equity investor does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the underlying project, (3) substantially all of the projected benefits are from income tax credits and other income tax benefits, (4) the tax equity investor’s projected yield is based solely on the cash flows from the income tax credits and other income tax benefits is positive, and (5) the tax equity investor is a limited liability investor in the limited liability entity for both legal and tax purposes, and the tax equity investor’s liability is limited to its capital investment. Selecting the proportional amortization method will be an accounting policy election that must be applied on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than at the entity level or to individual investments. Additionally, in order to apply the proportional amortization method to qualifying investments, an entity must use the flow-through method when accounting for the receipt of the investment tax credits. This guidance also adds disclosure requirements related to tax credit programs where the proportional amortization method has been elected. The amendments are effective on January 1, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments must be applied using either a modified retrospective or retrospective approach with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in retained earnings and disclosed upon adoption. Management is still assessing the total impact of electing these amendments for qualifying tax credit programs; however, if we elect to apply these amendments, we do not expect the impact to be material.
2.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our primary revenue sources, which include financing revenue and other interest income, are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not in the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. As part of our Insurance operations, we recognize revenue from insurance contracts, which are addressed by other U.S. GAAP topics and are not included in the scope of this standard. Certain noninsurance contracts within our Insurance operations, including VSCs, GAP contracts, and VMCs, are included in the scope of this standard. All revenue associated with noninsurance contracts is recognized over the contract term on a basis proportionate to the anticipated cost emergence. Further, commissions and sales expense incurred to obtain these contracts are amortized over the terms of the related policies and service contracts on the same basis as premiums and service revenue are earned, and all advertising costs are recognized as expense when incurred.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following tables present a disaggregated view of our revenue from contracts with customers. For further information regarding our revenue recognition policies and details about the nature of our respective revenue streams, refer to Note 1 and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)$ $173 $ $ $ $173 
Remarketing fee income27     27 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue    23 23 
Banking fees and interchange income (d)    10 10 
Brokered/agent commissions 3    3 
Other5 1    6 
Total revenue from contracts with customers32 177   33 242 
All other revenue47 116 4 24 2 193 
Total other revenue (e)$79 $293 $4 $24 $35 $435 
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b) (c)$— $164 $— $— $— $164 
Remarketing fee income26 — — — — 26 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue— — — — 18 18 
Banking fees and interchange income (d)— — — — 11 11 
Brokered/agent commissions— — — — 
Other— — — 
Total revenue from contracts with customers31 167 — — 30 228 
All other revenue43 69 54 (104)69 
Total other revenue (e)$74 $236 $$54 $(74)$297 
(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at both July 1, 2023, and 2022, and $249 million and $236 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(b)At September 30, 2023, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts, and with respect to this balance we expect to recognize revenue of $238 million during the remainder of 2023, $845 million in 2024, $683 million in 2025, $513 million in 2026, and $695 million thereafter. At September 30, 2022, we had unearned revenue of $3.0 billion associated with outstanding contracts.
(c)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both July 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, and recognized $148 million of expense during the three months ended September 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both July 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, and recognized $143 million of expense during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
(d)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $5 million and $4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(e)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated
2023
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)$ $513 $ $ $ $513 
Remarketing fee income91     91 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue    69 69 
Banking fees and interchange income (c)    31 31 
Brokered/agent commissions 10    10 
Other15 1    16 
Total revenue from contracts with customers106 524   100 730 
All other revenue133 487 13 81 (5)709 
Total other revenue (d)$239 $1,011 $13 $81 $95 $1,439 
2022
Revenue from contracts with customers
Noninsurance contracts (a) (b)$— $489 $— $— $— $489 
Remarketing fee income82 — — — — 82 
Brokerage commissions and other revenue— — — — 42 42 
Banking fees and interchange income (c)— — — — 32 32 
Brokered/agent commissions— 11 — — — 11 
Other16 — — — 19 
Total revenue from contracts with customers98 500 — — 77 675 
All other revenue116 164 25 97 (26)376 
Total other revenue (d)$214 $664 $25 $97 $51 $1,051 
(a)We had opening balances of $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion in unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts at January 1, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $733 million and $701 million of these balances were recognized as insurance premiums and service revenue earned in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(b)We had deferred insurance assets of $1.8 billion at both January 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, and recognized $436 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We had deferred insurance assets of $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion at January 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively, and recognized $420 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(c)Interchange income is reported net of customer rewards. Customer rewards expense was $14 million and $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(d)Represents a component of total net revenue. Refer to Note 22 for further information on our reportable operating segments.
In addition to the components of other revenue presented above, as part of our Automotive Finance operations, we recognized net remarketing gains of $57 million and $174 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively,compared to $39 million and $139 million for the same periods in 2022, on the sale of off-lease vehicles. These gains are included in depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
3.    Other Income, Net of Losses
Details of other income, net of losses, were as follows.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Late charges and other administrative fees$50 $42 $145 $117 
Remarketing fees27 26 91 82 
Income from equity-method investments (a)8 51 5 96 
Loss on nonmarketable equity investments, net (a) (135)(11)(133)
Other, net67 68 201 185 
Total other income, net of losses$152 $52 $431 $347 
(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our equity-method investments and nonmarketable equity investments.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
4.    Reserves for Insurance Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
The following table shows a rollforward of our reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses.
($ in millions)20232022
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,$119 $122 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable72 81 
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at January 1,47 41 
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred related to:
Current year326 220 
Prior years (a)3 (3)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred329 217 
Net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable related to:
Current year(270)(183)
Prior years(38)(26)
Total net insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses paid or payable(308)(209)
Net reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at September 30,68 49 
Plus: Reinsurance recoverable77 73 
Total gross reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses at September 30,$145 $122 
(a)There have been no material adverse changes to the reserve for prior years.
5.    Other Operating Expenses
Details of other operating expenses were as follows.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Insurance commissions$160 $152 $475 $452 
Technology and communications109 100 328 297 
Advertising and marketing74 89 231 238 
Lease and loan administration57 45 158 150 
Property and equipment depreciation51 42 146 122 
Regulatory and licensing fees45 33 119 81 
Professional services35 42 103 132 
Vehicle remarketing and repossession30 23 85 65 
Amortization of intangible assets (a)6 19 25 
Other95 89 306 245 
Total other operating expenses$662 $624 $1,970 $1,807 
(a)Refer to Note 10 for further information on our intangible assets.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
6.    Investment Securities
Our investment portfolio includes various debt and equity securities. Our debt securities, which are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, include government securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, and mortgage-backed securities. The cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities were as follows.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Amortized costGross unrealizedFair valueAmortized costGross unrealizedFair value
($ in millions)gainslossesgainslosses
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$2,280 $ $(289)$1,991 $2,272 $— $(256)$2,016 
U.S. States and political subdivisions729  (117)612 841 (82)760 
Foreign government175  (16)159 158 — (12)146 
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)18,434  (3,798)14,636 19,668 (3,038)16,633 
Mortgage-backed residential4,858  (985)3,873 5,154 — (855)4,299 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)4,497  (1,031)3,466 4,380 — (845)3,535 
Asset-backed370  (16)354 459 — (26)433 
Corporate debt1,922  (219)1,703 1,931 (213)1,719 
Total available-for-sale securities (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)$33,265 $ $(6,471)$26,794 $34,863 $$(5,327)$29,541 
Held-to-maturity securities
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,013 $ $(234)$779 $1,062 $— $(178)$884 
Total held-to-maturity securities (f) (g)$1,013 $ $(234)$779 $1,062 $— $(178)$884 
(a)Fair value includes a $148 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $86 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Certain available-for-sale securities are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(c)Certain entities related to our Insurance operations are required to deposit securities with state regulatory authorities. These deposited securities totaled $12 million at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(d)Available-for-sale securities with a fair value of $4.4 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This primarily included $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion pledged to secure advances from the FHLB at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This also included securities pledged for other purposes as required by contractual obligations or law, under which agreements we granted the counterparty the right to sell or pledge $1.3 billion and $899 million of the underlying available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(e)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $86 million and $91 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(f)There was no allowance for credit losses recorded at both September 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022, as management determined that there were no expected credit losses in our portfolio of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
(g)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $2 million at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The maturity distribution of debt securities outstanding is summarized in the following tables based upon contractual maturities. Call or prepayment options may cause actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities.
TotalDue in one year or lessDue after one year through five yearsDue after five years through ten yearsDue after ten years
($ in millions)AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
September 30, 2023
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$1,991 1.6 %$23 2.0 %$1,270 1.4 %$698 1.9 %$  %
U.S. States and political subdivisions612 3.2 5 2.2 44 2.4 112 3.6 451 3.2 
Foreign government159 2.0 19 1.4 72 2.1 68 2.2   
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)14,636 2.6   11 1.9 33 2.5 14,592 2.6 
Mortgage-backed residential3,873 2.8     12 2.9 3,861 2.8 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)3,466 2.3   116 3.3 1,474 2.3 1,876 2.1 
Asset-backed354 1.8   349 1.7 5 3.9   
Corporate debt1,703 2.6 172 2.3 908 2.6 614 2.7 9 5.8 
Total available-for-sale securities$26,794 2.5 $219 2.2 $2,770 1.9 $3,016 2.4 $20,789 2.6 
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities$33,265 $224 $3,033 $3,662 $26,346 
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,013 2.8 %$  %$  %$  %$1,013 2.8 %
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,013 2.8 $  $  $  $1,013 2.8 
December 31, 2022
Fair value of available-for-sale securities (a)
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$2,016 1.6 %$— — %$716 1.3 %$1,300 1.7 %$— — %
U.S. States and political subdivisions760 3.2 26 2.7 60 2.7 112 3.3 562 3.2 
Foreign government146 1.8 13 0.8 74 1.8 59 1.9 — — 
Agency mortgage-backed residential (b)16,633 2.6 — — — — 27 2.0 16,606 2.6 
Mortgage-backed residential4,299 2.8 — — — — 14 2.9 4,285 2.8 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (b)3,535 2.2 — — 66 3.1 1,234 2.1 2,235 2.1 
Asset-backed433 1.7 — — 401 1.7 25 1.8 3.5 
Corporate debt1,719 2.4 86 2.4 912 2.3 705 2.6 16 4.9 
Total available-for-sale securities$29,541 2.5 $125 2.3 $2,229 1.9 $3,476 2.1 $23,711 2.6 
Amortized cost of available-for-sale securities$34,863 $126 $2,403 $4,048 $28,286 
Amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,062 2.8 %$— — %$— — %$— — %$1,062 2.8 %
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,062 2.8 $— — $— — $— — $1,062 2.8 
(a)Yield is calculated using the effective yield of each security at the end of the period, weighted based on the market value. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon and amortized cost, and excludes expected capital gains and losses.
(b)Fair value includes a $148 million liability and a $12 million liability for agency mortgage-backed residential securities and an $86 million liability and $15 million asset for agency mortgage-backed commercial securities related to basis adjustments for securities in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
The balances of cash equivalents were $58 million and $18 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were composed primarily of money-market funds and short-term securities.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents interest and dividends on investment securities.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Taxable interest$246 $196 $692 $556 
Taxable dividends5 12 12 
Interest and dividends exempt from U.S. federal income tax5 16 16 
Interest and dividends on investment securities$256 $206 $720 $584 
The following table presents gross gains and losses realized upon the sales of available-for-sale securities, and net gains or losses on equity securities held during the period.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Available-for-sale securities
Gross realized gains$ $$5 $23 
Net realized gain on available-for-sale securities 5 23 
Net realized gain on equity securities15 21 67 
Net unrealized (loss) gain on equity securities(56)(61)33 (263)
Other (loss) gain on investments, net$(41)$(54)$59 $(173)
The following table presents the credit quality of our held-to-maturity securities, based on the latest available information as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The credit ratings are sourced from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, which include S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The ratings presented are a composite of the ratings sourced from the agencies or, if the ratings cannot be sourced from the agencies, are based on the asset type of the particular security. All our held-to-maturity securities were current in their payment of principal and interest as of both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our held-to-maturity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 2022.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)AATotal (a)AATotal (a)
Debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residential$1,013 $1,013 $1,062 $1,062 
Total held-to-maturity securities$1,013 $1,013 $1,062 $1,062 
(a)Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, which we evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists requiring the recognition of an allowance for credit losses. For additional information on our methodology, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. We have not recorded any interest income reversals on our available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, or 2022.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months12 months or longerLess than 12 months12 months or longer
($ in millions)Fair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized loss
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies$ $ $1,991 $(289)$529 $(68)$1,487 $(188)
U.S. States and political subdivisions139 (6)465 (111)547 (55)135 (27)
Foreign government25 (2)135 (14)75 (4)71 (8)
Agency mortgage-backed residential (a)356 (23)14,280 (3,775)7,472 (892)8,978 (2,146)
Mortgage-backed residential151 (6)3,716 (979)1,985 (289)2,287 (566)
Agency mortgage-backed commercial (a)172 (10)3,247 (1,021)996 (124)2,535 (721)
Asset-backed18  322 (16)162 (4)272 (22)
Corporate debt147 (6)1,550 (213)782 (67)895 (146)
Total available-for-sale securities$1,008 $(53)$25,706 $(6,418)$12,548 $(1,503)$16,660 $(3,824)
(a)Includes basis adjustments for certain securities that are included in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific securities within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. This analysis considered a variety of factors including, but not limited to, performance indicators of the issuer, default rates, industry analyst reports, credit ratings, and other relevant information, which indicated that contractual cash flows are expected to occur. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that no credit reserves were required at September 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
7.    Finance Receivables and Loans, Net
The composition of finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost basis was as follows.
($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (a)$85,370 $83,286 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance (b)18,657 19,445 
Mortgage — Legacy (c)238 290 
Total consumer mortgage18,895 19,735 
Consumer other
Personal Lending (d)2,206 1,990 
Credit Card1,872 1,599 
Total consumer other4,078 3,589 
Total consumer108,343 106,610 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive16,605 14,595 
Other9,376 9,154 
Commercial real estate5,936 5,389 
Total commercial31,917 29,138 
Total finance receivables and loans (e) (f)$140,260 $135,748 
(a)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $2 million and $3 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.
(c)Includes loans originated as interest-only mortgage loans of $13 million and $17 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, of which all have exited the interest-only period.
(d)Includes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.
(e)Totals include net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred fees and costs of $2.3 billion at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(f)Totals do not include accrued interest receivable, which was $813 million and $707 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Billed interest on our credit card loans is included within finance receivables and loans, net.
The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherCommercialTotal
Allowance at July 1, 2023$3,064 $23 $476 $218 $3,781 
Charge-offs (a)(602) (74)(1)(677)
Recoveries209 2 6 4 221 
Net charge-offs(393)2 (68)3 (456)
Provision for credit losses (b)433 (4)68 15 512 
Other 1 (2)1  
Allowance at September 30, 2023$3,104 $22 $474 $237 $3,837 
(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(b)Excludes $4 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (a)CommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2023$3,020 $27 $426 $238 $3,711 
Charge-offs (b)(1,634)(3)(208)(62)(1,907)
Recoveries613 7 18 5 643 
Net charge-offs(1,021)4 (190)(57)(1,264)
Provision for credit losses (c)1,106 (9)239 54 1,390 
Other(1) (1)2  
Allowance at September 30, 2023$3,104 $22 $474 $237 $3,837 
(a)Excludes$3 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.
(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(c)Excludes $9 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (a)CommercialTotal
Allowance at July 1, 2022$2,885 $26 $303 $236 $3,450 
Charge-offs (b)(381)(1)(33)(32)(447)
Recoveries164 171 
Net charge-offs(217)(29)(31)(276)
Provision for credit losses326 (1)99 14 438 
Other(1)(1)— (1)
Allowance at September 30, 2022$2,993 $27 $372 $219 $3,611 
(a)Excludes $7 million and $6 million of finance receivables and loans at July 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.
(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (a)CommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2022$2,769 $27 $221 $250 $3,267 
Charge-offs (b)(934)(3)(84)(58)(1,079)
Recoveries496 10 517 
Net charge-offs(438)(76)(55)(562)
Provision for credit losses (c)663 (7)228 23 907 
Other(1)— (1)(1)
Allowance at September 30, 2022$2,993 $27 $372 $219 $3,611 
(a)Excludes $7 million and $6 million of finance receivables and loans at January 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option and incorporate no allowance for loan losses.
(b)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(c)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table presents sales of finance receivables and loans and transfers of finance receivables and loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale based on net carrying value.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Consumer automotive$ $$ $
Consumer mortgage 1 
Commercial11 — 11 — 
Total sales and transfers$11 $$12 $
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents purchases of finance receivables and loans based on unpaid principal balance at the time of purchase.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Consumer automotive$1,064 $1,346 $2,902 $3,397 
Consumer mortgage7 1,127 14 2,760 
Commercial3 10 
Total purchases of finance receivables and loans$1,074 $2,475 $2,926 $6,160 
Nonaccrual Loans
The following tables present the amortized cost of our finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status. All consumer or commercial finance receivables and loans that were 90 days or more past due were on nonaccrual status as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023
($ in millions)($ in millions)Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2023Nonaccrual statusNonaccrual with no allowance (a)Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2022Nonaccrual statusNonaccrual with no allowance (a)($ in millions)Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2023Nonaccrual status at Jul. 1, 2023Nonaccrual statusNonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$1,187 $1,110 $473 $1,078 $1,187 $445 Consumer automotive$1,187 $1,098 $1,110 $519 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance34 34 21 59 34 25 Mortgage Finance34 38 33 17 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy15 15 13 26 15 14 Mortgage — Legacy15 14 13 12 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage49 49 34 85 49 39 Total consumer mortgage49 52 46 29 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal LendingPersonal Lending13 12  13 — Personal Lending13 11 14  
Credit CardCredit Card43 54  11 43 — Credit Card43 55 72  
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other56 66  16 56 — Total consumer other56 66 86  
Total consumerTotal consumer1,292 1,225 507 1,179 1,292 484 Total consumer1,292 1,216 1,242 548 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive5   33 Automotive5 24 97 16 
OtherOther157 159 4 221 157 33 Other157 161 159 6 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate   — — Commercial real estate 3 3  
Total commercialTotal commercial162 159 4 257 162 35 Total commercial162 188 259 22 
Total finance receivables and loans (b)Total finance receivables and loans (b)$1,454 $1,384 $511 $1,436 $1,454 $519 Total finance receivables and loans (b)$1,454 $1,404 $1,501 $570 
(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.
(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $4 million and $11 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
December 31, 2022
($ in millions)Nonaccrual status at Jan. 1, 2022Nonaccrual status at Jul. 1, 2022Nonaccrual statusNonaccrual with no allowance (a)
Consumer automotive$1,078 $1,073 $1,187 $445 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance59 42 34 25 
Mortgage — Legacy26 22 15 14 
Total consumer mortgage85 64 49 39 
Consumer other
Personal Lending13 — 
Credit Card11 18 43 — 
Total consumer other16 23 56 — 
Total consumer1,179 1,160 1,292 484 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive33 
Other221 214 157 33 
Commercial real estate— — 
Total commercial257 219 162 35 
Total finance receivables and loans (b)$1,436 $1,379 $1,454 $519 
(a)Represents a component of nonaccrual status at end of period.
(b)We recorded interest income from cash payments associated with finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status of $3 million and $9 million for both the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.September 30, 2022, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Credit Quality Indicators
We evaluate the credit quality of our consumer loan portfolio based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Loan delinquency reporting is generally based upon borrower payment activity, relative to the contractual terms of the loan.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our consumer finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on delinquency status and origination year.
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to termOrigination yearRevolving loans converted to term
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansTotal
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotiveConsumer automotive
CurrentCurrent$7,801 $33,822 $20,093 $9,232 $5,604 $4,098 $ $ $80,650 Current$24,518 $27,587 $16,045 $7,084 $3,995 $2,460 $ $ $81,689 
30–59 days past due30–59 days past due23 769 756 308 226 210   2,292 30–59 days past due324 948 734 282 194 146   2,628 
60–89 days past due60–89 days past due1 244 273 108 74 65   765 60–89 days past due88 371 295 105 71 52   982 
90 or more days past due90 or more days past due 88 96 38 31 35   288 90 or more days past due34 146 113 43 32 31   399 
Total consumer automotive (a)Total consumer automotive (a)7,825 34,923 21,218 9,686 5,935 4,408   83,995 Total consumer automotive (a)24,964 29,052 17,187 7,514 4,292 2,689   85,698 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage FinanceMortgage Finance
CurrentCurrent21 2,271 10,797 1,917 794 3,316   19,116 Current112 2,204 10,498 1,857 754 3,142   18,567 
30–59 days past due30–59 days past due 5 9 4 4 16   38 30–59 days past due 5 16 9 6 16   52 
60–89 days past due60–89 days past due 1 2 1  8   12 60–89 days past due 1 4 1  9   15 
90 or more days past due90 or more days past due 2 4  1 16   23 90 or more days past due 2 3  2 16   23 
Total Mortgage FinanceTotal Mortgage Finance21 2,279 10,812 1,922 799 3,356   19,189 Total Mortgage Finance112 2,212 10,521 1,867 762 3,183   18,657 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy
CurrentCurrent     59 177 18 254 Current     53 152 17 222 
30–59 days past due30–59 days past due     2 1  3 30–59 days past due     3 1  4 
60–89 days past due60–89 days past due     2 1  3 60–89 days past due     2   2 
90 or more days past due90 or more days past due     8 2 2 12 90 or more days past due     6 2 2 10 
Total Mortgage — LegacyTotal Mortgage — Legacy     71 181 20 272 Total Mortgage — Legacy     64 155 19 238 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage21 2,279 10,812 1,922 799 3,427 181 20 19,461 Total consumer mortgage112 2,212 10,521 1,867 762 3,247 155 19 18,895 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal LendingPersonal LendingPersonal Lending
CurrentCurrent384 1,272 327 39 4 1   2,027 Current948 934 239 27 1    2,149 
30–59 days past due30–59 days past due1 12 5      18 30–59 days past due7 14 4      25 
60–89 days past due60–89 days past due 11 4      15 60–89 days past due3 11 4      18 
90 or more days past due90 or more days past due 8 4      12 90 or more days past due3 9 2      14 
Total Personal Lending (b)Total Personal Lending (b)385 1,303 340 39 4 1   2,072 Total Personal Lending (b)961 968 249 27 1    2,206 
Credit CardCredit CardCredit Card
CurrentCurrent      1,548  1,548 Current      1,737  1,737 
30–59 days past due30–59 days past due      22  22 30–59 days past due      36  36 
60–89 days past due60–89 days past due      19  19 60–89 days past due      30  30 
90 or more days past due90 or more days past due      51  51 90 or more days past due      69  69 
Total Credit CardTotal Credit Card      1,640  1,640 Total Credit Card      1,872  1,872 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other385 1,303 340 39 4 1 1,640  3,712 Total consumer other961 968 249 27 1  1,872  4,078 
Total consumerTotal consumer$8,231 $38,505 $32,370 $11,647 $6,738 $7,836 $1,821 $20 $107,168 Total consumer$26,037 $32,232 $27,957 $9,408 $5,055 $5,936 $2,027 $19 $108,671 
(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $355$328 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at March 31,September 30, 2023. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Excludes $2 million of finance receivables at March 31, 2023, for which we have elected the fair value option.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
202220212020201920182017 and priorRevolving loansTotal
Consumer automotive
Current$36,127 $22,102 $10,341 $6,451 $3,237 $1,890 $— $— $80,148 
30–59 days past due707 878 370 284 165 120 — — 2,524 
60–89 days past due207 324 135 99 55 38 — — 858 
90 or more days past due73 111 47 38 23 24 — — 316 
Total consumer automotive (a)37,114 23,415 10,893 6,872 3,480 2,072 — — 83,846 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Current2,292 10,893 1,946 815 577 2,805 — — 19,328 
30–59 days past due15 29 26 — — 81 
60–89 days past due— — — 11 
90 or more days past due— — 14 — — 25 
Total Mortgage Finance2,309 10,927 1,950 821 590 2,848 — — 19,445 
Mortgage — Legacy
Current— — — — — 62 191 18 271 
30–59 days past due— — — — — — 
60–89 days past due— — — — — — — 
90 or more days past due— — — — — 13 
Total Mortgage — Legacy— — — — — 74 195 21 290 
Total consumer mortgage2,309 10,927 1,950 821 590 2,922 195 21 19,735 
Consumer other
Personal Lending
Current1,492 392 48 — — — 1,938 
30–59 days past due14 — — — — — 21 
60–89 days past due— — — — — 15 
90 or more days past due— — — — — — 13 
Total Personal Lending (b)1,523 408 50 — — — 1,987 
Credit Card
Current— — — — — — 1,518 — 1,518 
30–59 days past due— — — — — — 22 — 22 
60–89 days past due— — — — — — 18 — 18 
90 or more days past due— — — — — — 41 — 41 
Total Credit Card— — — — — — 1,599 — 1,599 
Total consumer other1,523 408 50 — 1,599 — 3,586 
Total consumer$40,946 $34,750 $12,893 $7,698 $4,071 $4,994 $1,794 $21 $107,167 
(a)Certain consumer automotive loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. The amortized cost excludes a liability of $560 million related to basis adjustments for loans in closed portfolios with active hedges under the portfolio layer method at December 31, 2022. These basis adjustments would be allocated to the amortized cost of specific loans within the pool if the hedge was dedesignated. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Excludes $3 million of finance receivables at December 31, 2022, for which we have elected the fair value option.
25

Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents gross charge-offs of our finance receivables and loans for each portfolio class by origination year that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our charge-off policy.
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to term
Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansTotal
Consumer automotive$2 $220 $178 $56 $42 $38 $ $ $536 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage — Legacy     1   1 
Total consumer mortgage     1   1 
Consumer other
Personal Lending 21 9 1     31 
Credit Card      32 1 33 
Total consumer other 21 9 1   32 1 64 
Total consumer2 241 187 57 42 39 32 1 601 
Total finance receivables and loans$2 $241 $187 $57 $42 $39 $32 $1 $601 
We evaluate the credit quality of our commercial loan portfolio using regulatory risk ratings, which are based on relevant information about the borrower’s financial condition, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. We use the following definitions for risk rankings below Pass.
Special mention — Loans that have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.
27

Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Substandard — Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weakness that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful — Loans that have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss — Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
26

Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The regulatory risk classification utilized is influenced by internal credit risk ratings, which are based on a variety of factors. A borrower’s internal credit risk rating is updated at least annually, and more frequently when a borrower’s credit profile changes, including when we become aware of potential credit deterioration. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of our commercial finance receivables and loans by credit quality indicator based on risk rating and origination year.
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to termOrigination yearRevolving loans converted to term
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansTotal
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansRevolving loans converted to termTotal
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotiveAutomotive
PassPass$129 $598 $198 $122 $72 $50 $12,654 $ $13,823 Pass$394 $522 $174 $103 $63 $26 $14,511 $ $15,793 
Special mentionSpecial mention1 22 46   27 926  1,022 Special mention4 8 31   15 640  698 
SubstandardSubstandard      60  60 Substandard 1     39  40 
DoubtfulDoubtful     6 68  74 
Total automotiveTotal automotive130 620 244 122 72 77 13,640  14,905 Total automotive398 531 205 103 63 47 15,258  16,605 
OtherOtherOther
PassPass82 640 436 329 319 170 5,513 93 7,582 Pass356 530 359 269 337 179 5,869 144 8,043 
Special mentionSpecial mention 177 187 196 95 209 260 38 1,162 Special mention 214 179 208 51 145 239 26 1,062 
SubstandardSubstandard   4 50 118 55 13 240 Substandard  51 3 26 83 24 18 205 
DoubtfulDoubtful    63 26 2  91 Doubtful     57 9  66 
Total otherTotal other82 817 623 529 527 523 5,830 144 9,075 Total other356 744 589 480 414 464 6,141 188 9,376 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estateCommercial real estate
PassPass263 1,519 1,090 941 672 937 9 22 5,453 Pass748 1,533 1,141 901 653 863  36 5,875 
Special mentionSpecial mention 2 32 2 19 1   56 Special mention2 7 28 2 18 1   58 
SubstandardSubstandard 3       3 
Total commercial real estateTotal commercial real estate263 1,521 1,122 943 691 938 9 22 5,509 Total commercial real estate750 1,543 1,169 903 671 864  36 5,936 
Total commercialTotal commercial$475 $2,958 $1,989 $1,594 $1,290 $1,538 $19,479 $166 $29,489 Total commercial$1,504 $2,818 $1,963 $1,486 $1,148 $1,375 $21,399 $224 $31,917 

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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to term
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
202220212020201920182017 and priorRevolving loansTotal
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive
Pass$640 $211 $132 $78 $28 $34 $12,327 $— $13,450 
Special mention23 47 — — 10 21 1,016 — 1,117 
Substandard— — — — — 27 — 28 
Total automotive663 258 132 79 38 55 13,370 — 14,595 
Other
Pass594 469 607 419 54 133 5,344 89 7,709 
Special mention177 158 175 95 47 128 278 35 1,093 
Substandard— — 51 — 139 55 13 262 
Doubtful— — — 64 — 25 — — 89 
Loss— — — — — — — 
Total other771 627 786 629 101 425 5,678 137 9,154 
Commercial real estate
Pass1,481 1,118 951 679 369 716 13 5,336 
Special mention— 32 19 — — — — 53 
Total commercial real estate1,481 1,150 953 698 369 716 13 5,389 
Total commercial$2,915 $2,035 $1,871 $1,406 $508 $1,196 $19,057 $150 $29,138 
The following table presents an analysis of our past-due commercial finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost basis.
($ in millions)($ in millions)30–59 days past due60–89 days past due90 days or more past dueTotal past dueCurrentTotal finance receivables and loans($ in millions)30–59 days past due60–89 days past due90 days or more past dueTotal past dueCurrentTotal finance receivables and loans
March 31, 2023
September 30, 2023September 30, 2023
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive$ $ $ $ $14,905 $14,905 Automotive$5 $ $12 $17 $16,588 $16,605 
OtherOther1  3 4 9,071 9,075 Other1 2 3 6 9,370 9,376 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate    5,509 5,509 Commercial real estate    5,936 5,936 
Total commercialTotal commercial$1 $ $3 $4 $29,485 $29,489 Total commercial$6 $2 $15 $23 $31,894 $31,917 
December 31, 2022December 31, 2022December 31, 2022
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive$— $— $— $— $14,595 $14,595 Automotive$— $— $— $— $14,595 $14,595 
OtherOther— 9,151 9,154 Other— 9,151 9,154 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate— — — — 5,389 5,389 Commercial real estate— — — — 5,389 5,389 
Total commercialTotal commercial$— $$$$29,135 $29,138 Total commercial$— $$$$29,135 $29,138 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents gross charge-offs of our finance receivables and loans for each portfolio class by origination year that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our charge-off policy.
Origination yearRevolving loans converted to term
Nine months ended
September 30, 2023
($ in millions)
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving loansTotal
Consumer automotive$97 $693 $492 $149 $109 $94 $ $ $1,634 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance     1   1 
Mortgage — Legacy     2   2 
Total consumer mortgage     3   3 
Consumer other
Personal Lending5 59 23 3     90 
Credit Card      111 7 118 
Total consumer other5 59 23 3   111 7 208 
Total consumer102 752 515 152 109 97 111 7 1,845 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Automotive      5  5 
Other    57    57 
Total commercial    57  5  62 
Total finance receivables and loans$102 $752 $515 $152 $166 $97 $116 $7 $1,907 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Loan Modifications
The following table presentstables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified subsequent to origination during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, for each portfolio segment, by modification type. For additional information on loan modification types in scope of this disclosure, refer to Note 1. The below tables exclude consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans currently enrolled in a trial modification program. Trial modifications generally represent a three-month period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the anticipated modified payment terms. If the borrower successfully completes the trial loan modification program, the contractual terms of the loan are updated and the modification is considered permanent. As of September 30, 2023, there were $4 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans in a trial modification program.
Payment extensionsPayment extensions
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Payment deferralsContractual maturity extensionsPrincipal forgivenessInterest rate concessionsCombinationTotal (a)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Payment deferrals (a)Contractual maturity extensionsPrincipal forgivenessInterest rate concessionsCombinationTotal
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$ $14 $2 $ $39 $55 Consumer automotive$ $62 $1 $ $ $63 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance 2   2 4 Mortgage Finance 1    1 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy    1 1 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage 2   2 4 Total consumer mortgage 1   1 2 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Credit CardCredit Card   3  3 Credit Card   4  4 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other   3  3 Total consumer other   4  4 
Total consumerTotal consumer 16 2 3 41 62 Total consumer 63 1 4 1 69 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
OtherOther62 7    69 Other37     37 
Total commercialTotal commercial62 7    69 Total commercial37     37 
Total finance receivables and loansTotal finance receivables and loans$62 $23 $2 $3 $41 $131 Total finance receivables and loans$37 $63 $1 $4 $1 $106 
(a)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Payment extensions
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Payment deferrals (a)Contractual maturity extensionsPrincipal forgivenessInterest rate concessionsCombinationTotal (b)
Consumer automotive$ $99 $13 $ $30 $142 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance 2   2 4 
Mortgage — Legacy 1   1 2 
Total consumer mortgage 3   3 6 
Consumer other
Credit Card   9  9 
Total consumer other   9  9 
Total consumer 102 13 9 33 157 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other65 47    112 
Total commercial65 47    112 
Total finance receivables and loans$65 $149 $13 $9 $33 $269 
(a)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(b)Represents 0.1%0.2% of total finance receivables and loans outstanding as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presentstables present the financial effect of loan modifications that occurred during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023.
Payment extensions (a)Principal forgivenessInterest rate concessions (a)Combination (a) (b)Payment extensions (a)Principal forgivenessInterest rate concessions (a)Combination (a) (b)
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Number of months extended/deferredAmount forgivenInitial rateRevised rateRemaining termRevised remaining termInitial rateRevised rate
Three months ended
September 30, 2023
($ in millions)
Three months ended
September 30, 2023
($ in millions)
Number of months extended/deferredAmount forgivenInitial rateRevised rateRemaining termRevised remaining termInitial rateRevised rate
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive26$1  % %748510.4 %9.7 %Consumer automotive28$  % %   % %
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance159   3144674.9 3.9 Mortgage Finance210       
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy    1802802.5 2.0 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage159   3144674.9 3.9 Total consumer mortgage210   1802802.5 2.0 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Credit CardCredit Card  29.6 10.6     Credit Card  30.0 11.0     
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other  29.6 10.6     Total consumer other $ 30.0 11.0     
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
Other(c)Other(c)12       Other(c)3$  % %   % %
Total commercialTotal commercial12$       Total commercial3$       
(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.
(b)Term is presented in number of months.
(c)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Payment extensions (a)Principal forgivenessInterest rate concessions (a)Combination (a) (b) (c)
Nine months ended
September 30, 2023
($ in millions)
Number of months extended/deferredAmount forgivenInitial rateRevised rateRemaining termRevised remaining termInitial rateRevised rate
Consumer automotive27$2  % %758510.4 %9.7 %
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance186   3094704.6 3.4 
Mortgage — Legacy76   1742832.7 2.0 
Total consumer mortgage149   2844354.3 3.1 
Consumer other
Credit Card  30.0 8.0     
Total consumer other $ 30.0 8.0     
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other (d)13$  % %   % %
Total commercial13$       
(a)Calculated using a weighted-average balance for each portfolio class.
(b)Term is presented in number of months.
(c)Some consumer mortgage combination loan modifications include deferrals of principal. The weighted average number of months deferred for these loans was 210 months.
(d)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following tables present the subsequent performance of loans recorded at amortized cost, by portfolio segment and credit quality indicator, that have been modified during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023.
Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Current30–59 days past due60–89 days past due90 or more days past dueTotal
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Current30–59 days past due60–89 days past due90 or more days past due (a)Total
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotiveConsumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensionsContractual maturity extensions$13 $1 $ $ $14 Contractual maturity extensions$60 $2 $ $ $62 
Principal forgivenessPrincipal forgiveness   2 2 Principal forgiveness   1 1 
Combination37 2   39 
Total consumer automotive (a)Total consumer automotive (a)50 3  2 55 Total consumer automotive (a)60 2  1 63 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage FinanceMortgage Finance
Contractual maturity extensionsContractual maturity extensions2    2 Contractual maturity extensions1    1 
Combination  2  2 
Total Mortgage FinanceTotal Mortgage Finance2  2  4 Total Mortgage Finance1    1 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy
CombinationCombination1    1 
Total Mortgage — LegacyTotal Mortgage — Legacy1    1 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage2  2  4 Total consumer mortgage2    2 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Credit CardCredit CardCredit Card
Interest rate concessionsInterest rate concessions1 1  1 3 Interest rate concessions2 1  1 4 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other1 1  1 3 Total consumer other2 1  1 4 
Total consumerTotal consumer$53 $4 $2 $3 $62 Total consumer$64 $3 $ $2 $69 
(a)During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 12Includes 67 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $1 million that have redefaulted.redefaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Special mentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
PassSpecial mentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
OtherOtherOther
Payment deferrals(a)Payment deferrals(a)$ $34 $28 $62 Payment deferrals(a)$ $ $ $37 $37 
Contractual maturity extensions7   7 
Total commercialTotal commercial$7 $34 $28 $69 Total commercial$ $ $ $37 $37 
(a)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Current30–59 days past due60–89 days past due90 or more days past due (a)Total
Consumer automotive
Contractual maturity extensions$89 $7 $2 $1 $99 
Principal forgiveness8 1  4 13 
Combination28 1 1  30 
Total consumer automotive125 9 3 5 142 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance
Contractual maturity extensions2    2 
Combination   2 2 
Total Mortgage Finance2   2 4 
Mortgage — Legacy
Contractual maturity extensions1    1 
Combination1    1 
Total Mortgage — Legacy2    2 
Total consumer mortgage4   2 6 
Consumer other
Credit Card
Interest rate concessions5 1 1 2 9 
Total consumer other5 1 1 2 9 
Total consumer$134 $10 $4 $9 $157 
(a)Includes 108 consumer automotive loans with a total amortized cost of $3 million and 1 consumer mortgage loan with a total amortized cost of $2 million that redefaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
PassSpecial mentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Commercial and industrial
Other
Payment deferrals (a)$ $ $ $65 $65 
Contractual maturity extensions34 7 6  47 
Total commercial$34 $7 $6 $65 $112 
(a)Includes a commercial and industrial loan within our Corporate Finance operations that was also granted a three-month contractual maturity extension during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Troubled Debt Restructuring Disclosures Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02
The adoption of ASU 2022-02 eliminated TDR recognition and measurement guidance, as well as all TDR-related disclosures. Refer to Note 1 for additional information. TDRs were loan modifications where concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Total TDRs recorded at amortized cost were $2.4 billion at December 31, 2022.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presentstables present information related to finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost modified in connection with a TDR during the period.
2022
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Number of loansPre-modification amortized cost basisPost-modification amortized cost basis
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Number of loansPre-modification amortized cost basisPost-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive13,451 $231 $227 Consumer automotive11,733 $193 $187 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage FinanceMortgage Finance
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy— — 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage10 Total consumer mortgage
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Credit CardCredit Card351 Credit Card749 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other351 Total consumer other749 
Total consumerTotal consumer13,812 238 234 Total consumer12,488 197 191 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
OtherOther34 34 Other51 55 
Total commercialTotal commercial34 34 Total commercial51 55 
Total finance receivables and loansTotal finance receivables and loans13,813 $272 $268 Total finance receivables and loans12,489 $248 $246 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Number of loansPre-modification amortized cost basisPost-modification amortized cost basis
Consumer automotive38,112 $637 $620 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance13 10 10 
Mortgage — Legacy
Total consumer mortgage22 11 11 
Consumer other
Credit Card1,843 
Total consumer other1,843 
Total consumer39,977 651 634 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other462 466 
Total commercial462 466 
Total finance receivables and loans39,982 $1,113 $1,100 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presentstables present information about finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost that have redefaulted during the reporting period and were within 12 months or less of being modified as a TDR. Redefault is when finance receivables and loans meet the requirements for evaluation under our charge-off policy except for commercial finance receivables and loans, where redefault is defined as 90 days past due.
2022
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Number of loansAmortized costCharge-off amount
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Number of loansAmortized costCharge-off amount
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive2,111 $31 $13 Consumer automotive2,473 $37 $16 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance— Mortgage Finance— 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage Total consumer mortgage— 
Total consumer finance receivables and loans2,113 33 13 
Consumer otherConsumer other
Credit CardCredit Card146 — — 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other146 — — 
Total consumerTotal consumer2,620 $38 $16 
CommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
OtherOther31 
Total commercialTotal commercial31 
Total finance receivables and loansTotal finance receivables and loans2,113 $33 $13 Total finance receivables and loans2,621 $39 $47 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Number of loansAmortized costCharge-off amount
Consumer automotive6,722 $103 $43 
Consumer mortgage
Mortgage Finance— 
Total consumer mortgage 
Consumer Other
Credit Card225 — — 
Total consumer other225 — — 
Total consumer6,951 106 43 
Commercial
Commercial and industrial
Other31 
Total commercial1131
Total finance receivables and loans6,952 $107 $74 
8.    Leasing
Ally as the Lessee
We have operating leases for certain of our corporate facilities, which have remaining lease terms of 53 months to 87 years. Most of the property leases have fixed payment terms with annual fixed-escalation clauses and include options to extend or terminate the lease. We do not include these term extensions or termination provisions in our estimates of the lease term if we do not consider it reasonably certain that the options will be exercised.
We also have operating leases for a fleet of vehicles that is used by our sales force for business purposes, with noncancelable lease terms of 367 days. Thereafter, the leases are month-to-month, up to a maximum of 48 months from inception.
During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and March 31, 2022, we paid $8$7 million and $10$23 million, respectively, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities.liabilities at September 30, 2023, compared to $10 million and $29 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in cash for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities at September 30, 2022. These amounts are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, we obtained $12$10 million and $36 million, respectively, of ROU assets in exchange for new lease liabilities. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating lease portfolio was 54 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.59%2.87%, compared to 5 years and 2.57% as of December 31, 2022.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents future minimum rental payments we are required to make under operating leases that have commenced as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and that have noncancelable lease terms expiring after March 31,September 30, 2023.
($ in millions)
2023$26 
202432 
202526 
202620 
202716 
2028 and thereafter18 
Total undiscounted cash flows138 
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows(8)
Total lease liability$130 
In June 2022, we purchased an operations center in Lewisville, Texas, which consisted of a previously leased facility. Upon closing the transaction, the lease ROU asset and liability were derecognized and new fixed assets totaling approximately $44 million were recognized as property and equipment at cost within other assets of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
($ in millions)
2023$9 
202435 
202530 
202623 
202717 
2028 and thereafter17 
Total undiscounted cash flows131 
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows(8)
Total lease liability$123 
The following table details the components of total net operating lease expense.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Operating lease expenseOperating lease expense$7 $Operating lease expense$7 $$21 $25 
Variable lease expenseVariable lease expense1 Variable lease expense1 3 
Total lease expense, net (a)Total lease expense, net (a)$8 $Total lease expense, net (a)$8 $$24 $28 
(a)Included in other operating expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Ally as the Lessor
Investment in Operating Leases
We purchase consumer operating lease contracts and the associated vehicles from dealerships after those contracts are executed by the dealers and the consumers. The amount we pay a dealer for an operating lease contract is based on the negotiated price for the vehicle less vehicle trade-in, down payment from the consumer, and available automotive manufacturer incentives. Under the operating lease, the consumer is obligated to make payments in amounts equal to the amount by which the negotiated purchase price of the vehicle (less any trade-in value, down payment, or available manufacturer incentives) exceeds the contract residual value (including residual support) of the vehicle at lease termination, plus operating lease rental charges. The customer can terminate the lease at any point after commencement, subject to additional charges and fees. Both the consumer and the dealership have the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which generally range from 24 to 60 months, at the residual value of the vehicle, however it is not reasonably certain this option will be exercised and accordingly our consumer leases are classified as operating leases. In addition to the charges described above, the consumer is generally responsible for certain charges related to excess mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle. These charges are deemed variable lease payments and, as these payments are not based on a rate or index, they are recognized as net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.
When we acquire a consumer operating lease, we assume ownership of the vehicle from the dealer. We require that property damage, bodily injury, collision, and comprehensive insurance be obtained by the lessee on all consumer operating leases. Neither the consumer nor the dealer is responsible for the value of the vehicle at the time of lease termination. When vehicles are not purchased by customers or the receiving dealer at scheduled lease termination, the vehicle is returned to us for remarketing. We generally bear the risk of loss to the extent the value of a leased vehicle upon remarketing is below the expected residual value. At termination, our actual sales proceeds from remarketing the vehicle may be higher or lower than the estimated residual value resulting in a gain or loss on remarketing, which is included in net depreciation expense on operating lease assets in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Excessive mileage or excessive wear and tear on the vehicle during the lease may impact the sales proceeds received upon remarketing. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consumer operating leases with a carrying value, net of accumulated depreciation, of $43$19 million and $56 million, respectively, were covered by a residual value guarantee of 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table details our investment in operating leases.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
VehiclesVehicles$12,148 $12,304 Vehicles$11,496 $12,304 
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciation(1,912)(1,860)Accumulated depreciation(1,927)(1,860)
Investment in operating leases, netInvestment in operating leases, net$10,236 $10,444 Investment in operating leases, net$9,569 $10,444 
The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under operating leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after March 31,September 30, 2023.
($ in millions)($ in millions)($ in millions)
20232023$1,179 2023$408 
202420241,058 20241,240 
20252025533 2025733 
20262026152 2026302 
2027202713 202750 
2028 and thereafter2028 and thereafter3 
Total lease payments from operating leasesTotal lease payments from operating leases$2,935 Total lease payments from operating leases$2,736 
We recognized operating lease revenue of $402$385 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and $403$397 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. Depreciation expense on operating lease assets includes net remarketing gains recognized on the sale of operating lease assets. The following table summarizes the components of depreciation expense on operating lease assets.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)$273 $267 Depreciation expense on operating lease assets (excluding remarketing gains) (a)$269 $277 $812 $813 
Remarketing gains, netRemarketing gains, net(47)(50)Remarketing gains, net(57)(39)(174)(139)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assetsNet depreciation expense on operating lease assets$226 $217 Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets$212 $238 $638 $674 
(a)Includes variable lease payments related to excess mileage and excessive wear and tear on vehicles of $2$3 million during bothand $7 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and $2 million and $5 million during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Finance Leases
In our Automotive Finance operations, we also hold automotive leases that require finance lease treatment as prescribed by ASC Topic 842, Leases. Our total gross investment in finance leases, which is included in finance receivables and loans, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was $499$525 million and $481 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes lease payment receivables of $487$519 million and $468 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and unguaranteed residual assets of $12$6 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022. Interest income on finance lease receivables was $9$10 million and $28 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and $7$8 million and $22 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, and is included in interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents future minimum rental payments we have the right to receive under finance leases with noncancelable lease terms expiring after March 31,September 30, 2023.
($ in millions)($ in millions)($ in millions)
20232023$130 2023$53 
20242024148 2024172 
20252025129 2025149 
2026202680 2026119 
2027202740 202759 
2028 and thereafter2028 and thereafter15 2028 and thereafter33 
Total undiscounted cash flowsTotal undiscounted cash flows542 Total undiscounted cash flows585 
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flowsDifference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows(56)Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows(66)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivablePresent value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable$486 Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivable$519 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
9.    Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
We securitize, transfer, and service consumer automotive loans. We often securitize these loans (also referred to as financial assets) using SPEs. An SPE is a legal entity that is designed to fulfill a specified limited need of the sponsor. Our principal use of SPEs is to obtain liquidity by securitizing certain of our financial assets. SPEs are often VIEs and may or may not be included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, we opportunistically sell consumer automotive and credit card whole-loans to SPEs where we have a continuing involvement.
VIEs are legal entities that either have an insufficient amount of equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack the ability to control the entity’s activities that most significantly impact economic performance through voting or similar rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity.
The VIEs included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet represent SPEs where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, primarily due to our servicing activities and our beneficial interests in the VIE that could be potentially significant.
The nature, purpose, and activities of nonconsolidated SPEs are similar to those of our consolidated SPEs with the primary difference being the nature and extent of our continuing involvement. For nonconsolidated SPEs, the transferred financial assets are removed from our balance sheet provided the conditions for sale accounting are met. The financial assets obtained from the sale are primarily reported as cash or retained interests (if applicable). Liabilities incurred as part of these sales, are recorded at fair value at the time of sale and are reported as accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon the sale of the loans, we recognize a gain or loss on sale for the difference between the assets recognized, the assets derecognized, and the liabilities recognized as part of the transaction. With respect to our ongoing right to service the assets we sell, the servicing fee we receive represents adequate compensation, and consequently, we do not recognize a servicing asset or liability.
The pretax gain on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs was $1 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023. We had no pretax gains or losses on sales of financial assets into nonconsolidated VIEs during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and during both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
We provide long-term guarantee contracts to investors in certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities and have extended a line of credit to provide liquidity. Since we do not have control over the entities or the power to make decisions, we do not consolidate the entities and our involvement is limited to the guarantee and the line of credit.
We are involved with various other nonconsolidated equity investments, including affordable housing entities and venture capital funds and loan funds. We do not consolidate these entities and our involvement is limited to our outstanding investment, additional capital committed to these funds plus any previously recognized low-income housing tax credits that are subject to recapture.
Refer to Note 1 and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further description of our securitization activities and our involvement with VIEs.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents our involvement in consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs in which we hold variable interests. We have excluded certain transactions with nonconsolidated entities from the balances presented in the table below, where our only continuing involvement relates to financial interests obtained through the ordinary course of business, primarily from lending and investing arrangements. For additional detail related to the assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities refer to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
($ in millions)($ in millions)Carrying value of total assetsCarrying value of total liabilitiesAssets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs (a)Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs($ in millions)Carrying value of total assetsCarrying value of total liabilitiesAssets sold to nonconsolidated VIEs (a)Maximum exposure to loss in nonconsolidated VIEs
March 31, 2023
September 30, 2023September 30, 2023
On-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOn-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOn-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$22,126 (b)$3,162 (c)$ $ Consumer automotive$19,532 (b)$3,230 (c)$ $ 
Off-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOff-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOff-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive  461 461 (d)Consumer automotive  835 835 (d)
Consumer other (e)Consumer other (e)  118 118 Consumer other (e)  131 131 
Commercial otherCommercial other2,203 (f)864 (g) 2,767 (h)Commercial other2,278 (f)822 (g) 2,860 (h)
TotalTotal$24,329 $4,026 $579 $3,346 Total$21,810 $4,052 $966 $3,826 
December 31, 2022December 31, 2022December 31, 2022
On-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOn-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOn-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$20,415 (b)$2,553 (c)$— $— Consumer automotive$20,415 (b)$2,553 (c)$— $— 
Off-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOff-balance sheet variable interest entitiesOff-balance sheet variable interest entities
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive— — $227 $227 (d)Consumer automotive— — $227 $227 (d)
Consumer other (e)Consumer other (e)— — 103 103 Consumer other (e)— — 103 103 
Commercial otherCommercial other2,199 (f)873 (g)— 2,767 (h)Commercial other2,199 (f)873 (g)— 2,767 (h)
TotalTotal$22,614 $3,426 $330 $3,097 Total$22,614 $3,426 $330 $3,097 
(a)Asset values represent the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding consumer automotive and credit card finance receivables and loans within the VIEs.
(b)Includes $10.4$9.7 billion and $10.6 billion of assets that were not encumbered by VIE beneficial interests held by third parties at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Ally or consolidated affiliates hold the interests in these assets.
(c)Includes $111$105 million and $113 million of liabilities that were not obligations to third-party beneficial interest holders at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(d)Maximum exposure to loss represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions. This measure is based on the unlikely event that all the loans have underwriting defects or other defects that trigger a representation and warranty provision and the collateral supporting the loans are worthless. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.
(e)Represents balances from Ally Credit Card.
(f)Amounts are classified as other assets except for $41$44 million and $38 million classified as equity securities at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(g)Amounts are classified as accrued expenses and other liabilities.
(h)For certain nonconsolidated affordable housing entities, maximum exposure to loss represents the yield we guaranteed investors through long-term guarantee contracts. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that the yield delivered to investors in the form of low-income tax housing credits is recaptured. For nonconsolidated equity investments, maximum exposure to loss represents our outstanding investment, additional committed capital, and low-income housing tax credits subject to recapture. The amount disclosed is based on the unlikely event that our committed capital is funded, our investments become worthless, and the tax credits previously delivered to us are recaptured. This required disclosure is not an indication of our expected loss.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Cash Flows with Nonconsolidated Special-Purpose Entities
The following table summarizes cash flows received and paid related to SPEs and asset-backed financings where the transfer is accounted for as a sale and we have a continuing involvement with the transferred consumer automotive and credit card assets (for example, servicing) that were outstanding during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022. Additionally, this table contains information regarding cash flows received from and paid to nonconsolidated SPEs that existed during each period.
Three months ended March 31,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)20232022
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotiveConsumer automotive
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the periodCash proceeds from transfers completed during the period$252 $— Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period$707 $60 
Servicing feesServicing fees2 — Servicing fees11 — 
Other cash flowsOther cash flows1 — 
Consumer other (a)Consumer other (a)Consumer other (a)
Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the periodCash proceeds from transfers completed during the period39 12 Cash proceeds from transfers completed during the period100 93 
Servicing feesServicing fees3 Servicing fees7 
TotalTotal$296 $13 Total$826 $162 
(a)Represents activity from Ally Credit Card.
Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses
The following tables present quantitative information about off-balance sheet whole-loan sales where we have continuing involvement.
Total amountAmount 60 days or more past dueTotal amountAmount 60 days or more past due
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Whole-loan sales (a)Whole-loan sales (a)Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$461 $227 $5 $Consumer automotive$835 $227 $27 $
Consumer otherConsumer other118 103 11 Consumer other131 103 16 
TotalTotal$579 $330 $16 $10 Total$966 $330 $43 $10 
(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.
Net credit lossesNet credit losses
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Whole-loan sales (a)Whole-loan sales (a)Whole-loan sales (a)
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$1 $— Consumer automotive$10 $— $14 $— 
Consumer otherConsumer other5 — Consumer other8 — 21 — 
TotalTotal$6 $— Total$18 $— $35 $— 
(a)Whole-loan sales are not part of a securitization transaction, but represent consumer automotive and credit card pools of loans sold to third-party investors.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
10.    Other Assets
The components of other assets were as follows.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Property and equipment at costProperty and equipment at cost$2,390 $2,352 Property and equipment at cost$2,425 $2,352 
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciation(1,116)(1,076)Accumulated depreciation(1,142)(1,076)
Net property and equipmentNet property and equipment1,274 1,276 Net property and equipment1,283 1,276 
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects(a)Investment in qualified affordable housing projects(a)1,616 1,596 Investment in qualified affordable housing projects(a)1,630 1,596 
Net deferred tax assetsNet deferred tax assets1,030 1,087 Net deferred tax assets1,514 1,087 
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivablesAccrued interest, fees, and rent receivables898 786 
Nonmarketable equity investmentsNonmarketable equity investments833 842 Nonmarketable equity investments857 842 
GoodwillGoodwill822 822 Goodwill822 822 
Accrued interest, fees, and rent receivables807 786 
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (a)740 585 
Equity-method investments (b)Equity-method investments (b)595 608 Equity-method investments (b)650 608 
Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (c)Restricted cash held for securitization trusts (c)522 585 
Other accounts receivableOther accounts receivable153 164 Other accounts receivable181 164 
Operating lease right-of-use assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets105 111 Operating lease right-of-use assets99 111 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (d)Restricted cash and cash equivalents (d)81 66 
Net intangible assetsNet intangible assets91 98 Net intangible assets79 98 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (c)75 66 
Other assetsOther assets1,003 1,097 Other assets985 1,097 
Total other assetsTotal other assets$9,144 $9,138 Total other assets$9,601 $9,138 
(a)Presented gross of the associated unfunded commitment. Refer to Note 13 for further information.
(b)Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.
(c)Includes restricted cash collected from customer payments on securitized receivables, which are distributed by us to investors as payments on the related secured debt, and cash reserve deposits utilized as a form of credit enhancement for various securitization transactions.
(b)Primarily relates to investments made in connection with our CRA program.
(c)(d)Primarily represents a number of arrangements with third parties where certain restrictions are placed on balances we hold due to collateral agreements associated with operational processes with a third-party bank, or letter of credit arrangements and corresponding collateral requirements.
The total carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments held at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, including cumulative unrealized gains and losses, was as follows.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
FRB stockFRB stock$396 $401 FRB stock$419 $401 
FHLB stockFHLB stock324 318 FHLB stock338 318 
Equity investments without a readily determinable fair valueEquity investments without a readily determinable fair valueEquity investments without a readily determinable fair value
Cost basis at acquisitionCost basis at acquisition90 89 Cost basis at acquisition73 89 
AdjustmentsAdjustmentsAdjustments
Upward adjustmentsUpward adjustments183 177 Upward adjustments50 177 
Downward adjustments (including impairment)Downward adjustments (including impairment)(160)(143)Downward adjustments (including impairment)(23)(143)
Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair valueCarrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value113 123 Carrying amount, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value100 123 
Nonmarketable equity investmentsNonmarketable equity investments$833 $842 Nonmarketable equity investments$857 $842 
During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, respectively, unrealized gains and losses included in the carrying value of the nonmarketable equity investments still held as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, were as follows.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022
Upward adjustments$5 $
Downward adjustments (including impairment) (a)(17)(2)
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)2023202220232022
Upward adjustments$ $— $7 $
Downward adjustments (including impairment) (a)$ $(137)$(17)$(140)
(a)No impairment on FHLB and FRB stock was recognized during both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022.
Total loss on nonmarketable equity investments, net, which includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses, were losses of $11 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, andMarch 31, 2022, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The downward adjustments (including impairment) during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, were primarily driven by an impairment in our investment in BMC Holdco. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, this investment was transferred from nonmarketable equity investments to equity securities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as our investment converted into publicly traded common stock in BHF.
Total loss on nonmarketable equity investments, net, which includes both realized and unrealized gains and losses, was a loss of $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to losses of $135 million and $133 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
The carrying balance of goodwill by reportable operating segment was as follows.
($ in millions)($ in millions)Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsCorporate and Other (a)Total($ in millions)Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsCorporate and Other (a)Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2021Goodwill at December 31, 2021$20 $27 $775 $822 Goodwill at December 31, 2021$20 $27 $775 $822 
Goodwill acquiredGoodwill acquired— — — — Goodwill acquired— — — — 
Goodwill at December 31, 2022Goodwill at December 31, 2022$20 $27 $775 $822 Goodwill at December 31, 2022$20 $27 $775 $822 
Goodwill acquiredGoodwill acquired    Goodwill acquired    
Goodwill at March 31, 2023$20 $27 $775 $822 
Goodwill at September 30, 2023Goodwill at September 30, 2023$20 $27 $775 $822 
(a)Includes $479 million of goodwill associated with Ally Credit Card at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, $153 million of goodwill associated with Ally Lending at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and $143 million of goodwill associated with Ally Invest at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
The net carrying value of intangible assets by class was as follows.
March 31, 2023 (a)December 31, 2022September 30, 2023 (a)December 31, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)Gross intangible assetsAccumulated amortizationNet carrying valueGross intangible assetsAccumulated amortizationNet carrying value($ in millions)Gross intangible assetsAccumulated amortizationNet carrying valueGross intangible assetsAccumulated amortizationNet carrying value
TechnologyTechnology$122 $(57)$65 $122 $(53)$69 Technology$122 $(65)$57 $122 $(53)$69 
Customer listsCustomer lists58 (53)5 58 (51)Customer lists58 (55)3 58 (51)
Purchased credit card relationshipsPurchased credit card relationships25 (5)20 25 (4)21 Purchased credit card relationships25 (6)19 25 (4)21 
TrademarksTrademarks2 (1)1 (1)Trademarks2 (2) (1)
Total intangible assetsTotal intangible assets$207 $(116)$91 $207 $(109)$98 Total intangible assets$207 $(128)$79 $207 $(109)$98 
(a)We expect to recognize amortization expense of $20$7 million during the remainder of 2023, $19 million in 2024, and $14 million in each ofper year for 2025, 2026, and 2027.
11.    Deposit Liabilities
Deposit liabilities consisted of the following.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing depositsNoninterest-bearing deposits$174 $185 Noninterest-bearing deposits$188 $185 
Interest-bearing depositsInterest-bearing depositsInterest-bearing deposits
Savings, money market, and checking accounts101,528 110,776 
Savings, money market, and spending accountsSavings, money market, and spending accounts99,161 110,776 
Certificates of depositCertificates of deposit52,311 41,336 Certificates of deposit53,486 41,336 
Total deposit liabilitiesTotal deposit liabilities$154,013 $152,297 Total deposit liabilities$152,835 $152,297 
At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, certificates of deposit included $6.7$6.8 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively, of those in denominations in excess of $250 thousand.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
12.    Debt
Short-Term Borrowings
The following table presents the composition of our short-term borrowings portfolio.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)UnsecuredSecured (a)TotalUnsecuredSecured (a)Total($ in millions)UnsecuredSecured (a)TotalUnsecuredSecured (a)Total
Federal Home Loan BankFederal Home Loan Bank$ $700 $700 $— $1,900 $1,900 Federal Home Loan Bank$ $1,675 $1,675 $— $1,900 $1,900 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchaseSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase 755 755 — 499 499 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 735 735 — 499 499 
Total short-term borrowingsTotal short-term borrowings$ $1,455 $1,455 $— $2,399 $2,399 Total short-term borrowings$ $2,410 $2,410 $— $2,399 $2,399 
(a)Refer to the section below titled Long-Term Debt for further details on assets restricted as collateral for payment of the related debt.
We periodically enter into term repurchase agreements—short-term borrowing agreements in which we sell securities to one or more investors while simultaneously committing to repurchase them at a specified future date, at the stated price plus accrued interest. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the securities sold under agreements to repurchase consisted of $755$483 million of agency mortgage-backed residential debt securities and $252 million of which $493 millionU.S. Treasury and federal agency securities. The repurchase agreements are set to mature within 30 days, and $262 million are set to mature within 31 to 60 days. Refer to Note 6 and Note 21 for further details.
The primary risk associated with these repurchase agreements is that the counterparty will be unable to perform under the terms of the contract. As the borrower, we are exposed to the excess market value of the securities pledged over the amount borrowed. Daily mark-to-market collateral management is designed to limit this risk to the initial margin. However, should a counterparty declare bankruptcy or become insolvent, we may incur additional delays and costs. In some instances, we may place or receive cash collateral with counterparties under collateral arrangements associated with our repurchase agreements. At March 31,September 30, 2023, we placed cash collateral of $4$15 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and we did not receive any collateral. At December 31, 2022, we placed cash collateral of $1 million subsequent to the execution of the repurchase agreements, and we did not receive any collateral.
Long-Term Debt
The following tables present the composition of our long-term debt portfolio.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)UnsecuredSecuredTotalUnsecuredSecuredTotal($ in millions)UnsecuredSecuredTotalUnsecuredSecuredTotal
Long-term debt (a)Long-term debt (a)Long-term debt (a)
Due within one yearDue within one year$2,015 $2,902 $4,917 $2,023 $2,395 $4,418 Due within one year$2,622 $3,349 $5,971 $2,023 $2,395 $4,418 
Due after one yearDue after one year8,634 6,929 15,563 8,014 5,330 13,344 Due after one year8,194 5,931 14,125 8,014 5,330 13,344 
Total long-term debt (b)Total long-term debt (b)$10,649 $9,831 $20,480 $10,037 $7,725 $17,762 Total long-term debt (b)$10,816 $9,280 $20,096 $10,037 $7,725 $17,762 
(a)Includes basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting. Refer to Note 18 for additional information.
(b)Includes advances, net of hedge basis adjustments, from the FHLB of Pittsburgh of $6.8$6.2 billion and $5.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following table presents the scheduled remaining maturity of long-term debt at March 31,September 30, 2023, assuming no early redemptions will occur. The amounts below include adjustments to the carrying value resulting from the application of hedge accounting. The actual payment of secured debt may vary based on the payment activity of the related pledged assets.
($ in millions)($ in millions)202320242025202620272028 and thereafterTotal($ in millions)202320242025202620272028 and thereafterTotal
UnsecuredUnsecuredUnsecured
Long-term debtLong-term debt$2,077 $1,480 $2,470 $107 $1,538 $3,855 $11,527 Long-term debt$1,219 $1,478 $2,485 $154 $1,537 $4,790 $11,663 
Original issue discountOriginal issue discount(46)(68)(74)(82)(95)(513)(878)Original issue discount(16)(68)(74)(82)(94)(513)(847)
Total unsecuredTotal unsecured2,031 1,412 2,396 25 1,443 3,342 10,649 Total unsecured1,203 1,410 2,411 72 1,443 4,277 10,816 
SecuredSecuredSecured
Long-term debtLong-term debt2,134 3,124 2,060 1,806 473 234 9,831 Long-term debt807 3,388 2,293 1,991 526 275 9,280 
Total long-term debtTotal long-term debt$4,165 $4,536 $4,456 $1,831 $1,916 $3,576 $20,480 Total long-term debt$2,010 $4,798 $4,704 $2,063 $1,969 $4,552 $20,096 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following summarizes assets restricted as collateral for the payment of the related debt obligation.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive finance receivablesConsumer automotive finance receivables$43,426 $11,759 
Consumer mortgage finance receivablesConsumer mortgage finance receivables$19,499 $19,771 Consumer mortgage finance receivables18,931 19,771 
Consumer automotive finance receivables13,505 11,759 
Commercial finance receivablesCommercial finance receivables5,413 4,210 Commercial finance receivables5,837 4,210 
Investment securities (amortized cost of $5,008 and $4,288) (a)4,241 3,525 
Investment securities (amortized cost of $4,818 and $4,288) (a)Investment securities (amortized cost of $4,818 and $4,288) (a)3,865 3,525 
Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)$42,658 $39,265 Total assets restricted as collateral (b) (c) (d)$72,059 $39,265 
Secured debt (e)Secured debt (e)$11,286 $10,124 Secured debt (e)$11,690 $10,124 
(a)A portion of the restricted investment securities at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, was restricted under repurchase agreements. Refer to the section above titled Short-Term Borrowings for information on the repurchase agreements.
(b)All restricted assets are those of Ally Bank.
(c)Ally Bank has an advance agreement with the FHLB, and had assets pledged to secure borrowings that were restricted as collateral to the FHLB totaling $28.4$27.9 billion and $27.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities. Ally Bank has access to the FRB Discount Window and had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3$34.0 billion and $2.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These assets were composed of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans. Availability under these programs is only for the operations of Ally Bank and cannot be used to fund the operations or liabilities of Ally or its other subsidiaries.
(d)Excludes restricted cash and cash reserves for securitization trusts recorded within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.
(e)Includes $1.5 billion and $2.4 billion of short-term borrowings at March 31,both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.2022.
13.    Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities were as follows.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projectsUnfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects$861 $869 Unfunded commitments for investment in qualified affordable housing projects$818 $869 
Accounts payableAccounts payable541 435 Accounts payable482 435 
Employee compensation and benefitsEmployee compensation and benefits225 424 Employee compensation and benefits344 424 
Deferred revenueDeferred revenue168 169 Deferred revenue161 169 
Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses(a)Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses(a)133 119 Reserves for insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses(a)145 119 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities130 137 Operating lease liabilities123 137 
Other liabilitiesOther liabilities567 495 Other liabilities534 495 
Total accrued expenses and other liabilitiesTotal accrued expenses and other liabilities$2,625 $2,648 Total accrued expenses and other liabilities$2,607 $2,648 
(a)Refer to Note 4 for further information.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
14.    Preferred Stock
The following table summarizes information about our preferred stock. For additional information regarding our preferred stock, refer to Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Series B preferred stock (a)Series B preferred stock (a)Series B preferred stock (a)
Issuance dateIssuance dateApril 22, 2021April 22, 2021Issuance dateApril 22, 2021April 22, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)
Carrying value ($ in millions)
$1,335$1,335
Carrying value ($ in millions)
$1,335$1,335
Par value (per share)
Par value (per share)
$0.01$0.01
Par value (per share)
$0.01$0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)
Liquidation preference (per share)
$1,000$1,000
Liquidation preference (per share)
$1,000$1,000
Number of shares authorizedNumber of shares authorized1,350,0001,350,000Number of shares authorized1,350,0001,350,000
Number of shares issued and outstandingNumber of shares issued and outstanding1,350,0001,350,000Number of shares issued and outstanding1,350,0001,350,000
Dividend/couponDividend/couponDividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2026Prior to May 15, 20264.700%4.700%Prior to May 15, 20264.700%4.700%
On and after May 15, 2026On and after May 15, 2026Five Year Treasury + 3.868%Five Year Treasury + 3.868%On and after May 15, 2026Five Year Treasury + 3.868%Five Year Treasury + 3.868%
Series C preferred stock (a)Series C preferred stock (a)Series C preferred stock (a)
Issuance dateIssuance dateJune 2, 2021June 2, 2021Issuance dateJune 2, 2021June 2, 2021
Carrying value ($ in millions)
Carrying value ($ in millions)
$989$989
Carrying value ($ in millions)
$989$989
Par value (per share)
Par value (per share)
$0.01$0.01
Par value (per share)
$0.01$0.01
Liquidation preference (per share)
Liquidation preference (per share)
$1,000$1,000
Liquidation preference (per share)
$1,000$1,000
Number of shares authorizedNumber of shares authorized1,000,0001,000,000Number of shares authorized1,000,0001,000,000
Number of shares issued and outstandingNumber of shares issued and outstanding1,000,0001,000,000Number of shares issued and outstanding1,000,0001,000,000
Dividend/couponDividend/couponDividend/coupon
Prior to May 15, 2028Prior to May 15, 20284.700%4.700%Prior to May 15, 20284.700%4.700%
On and after May 15, 2028On and after May 15, 2028Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%On and after May 15, 2028Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%Seven Year Treasury + 3.481%
(a)We may, at our option, redeem the Series B and Series C shares on any dividend payment date on or after May 15, 2026, or May 15, 2028, respectively, or at any time within 90 days following a regulatory event that precludes the instruments from being included in additional Tier 1 capital.
15.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presentstables present changes, net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
($ in millions)Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)Cash flow hedges (b)Defined benefit pension plans (c)Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at January 1, 2022$(95)$19 $35 $(117)$(158)
Net change(1,631)(5)(1,633)
Balance at March 31, 2022$(1,726)$20 $30 $(115)$(1,791)
Balance at January 1, 2023$(4,095)$18 $18 $— $(4,059)
Net change284  (1) 283 
Balance at March 31, 2023$(3,811)$18 $17 $ $(3,776)
Three months ended September 30,
($ in millions)Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)Cash flow hedges (b)Defined benefit pension plans (c)Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at July 1, 2022$(2,940)$19 $27 $(115)$(3,009)
Net change(1,343)(1)(3)16 (1,331)
Balance at September 30, 2022$(4,283)$18 $24 $(99)$(4,340)
Balance at July 1, 2023$(3,881)$21 $(3)$— $(3,863)
Net change(886)(1)(15) (902)
Balance at September 30, 2023$(4,767)$20 $(18)$ $(4,765)
(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)Unrealized losses on investment securities (a)Translation adjustments and net investment hedges (b)Cash flow hedges (b)Defined benefit pension plans (c)Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at January 1, 2022$(95)$19 $35 $(117)$(158)
Net change(4,188)(1)(11)18 (4,182)
Balance at September 30, 2022$(4,283)$18 $24 $(99)$(4,340)
Balance at January 1, 2023$(4,095)$18 $18 $— $(4,059)
Net change(672)2 (36) (706)
Balance at September 30, 2023$(4,767)$20 $(18)$ $(4,765)
(a)Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of our available-for-sale securities portfolio. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.
(b)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(c)During 2022, we settled our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
The following tables present the before- and after-tax changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Three months ended March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Investment securitiesInvestment securitiesInvestment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the periodNet unrealized losses arising during the period$(1,163)$277 $(886)
Translation adjustmentsTranslation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the periodNet unrealized losses arising during the period(5)1 (4)
Net investment hedges (a)Net investment hedges (a)
Net unrealized gains arising during the periodNet unrealized gains arising during the period$377 $(89)$288 Net unrealized gains arising during the period4 (1)3 
Cash flow hedges (a)Cash flow hedges (a)
Net unrealized losses arising during the periodNet unrealized losses arising during the period(15)4 (11)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operationsLess: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations5 (a)(1)(b)4 Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations5 (b)(1)(c)4 
Net changeNet change372 (88)284 Net change(20)5 (15)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period4 (1)3 
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations5 (d)(1)(b)4 
Net change(1) (1)
Other comprehensive income$371 $(88)$283 
Other comprehensive lossOther comprehensive loss$(1,184)$282 $(902)
(a)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(b)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(c)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period$(1,757)$416 $(1,341)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations2(a)— (b)2
Net change(1,759)416 (1,343)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(11)(9)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period10 (2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations(d)(1)(b)
Defined benefit pension plans
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to income from continuing operations(21)(e)(b)(16)
Other comprehensive loss$(1,743)$412 $(1,331)
(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Three months ended March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period$(2,120)$503 $(1,617)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations18(a)(4)(b)14
Net change(2,138)507 (1,631)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period— 
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(3)(2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations(d)(1)(b)
Defined benefit pension plans
Net unrealized gains arising during the period2— 2
Other comprehensive loss$(2,142)$509 $(1,633)
(e)Includes losses reclassified to compensation and benefits expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as a result of actions taken toward the settlement of our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period$(877)$209 $(668)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations5 (a)(1)(b)4 
Net change(882)210 (672)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized gains arising during the period1  1 
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period1  1 
Cash flow hedges (c)
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(33)9 (24)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations15 (d)(3)(b)12 
Net change(48)12 (36)
Other comprehensive loss$(928)$222 $(706)
(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in millions)
Before taxTax effectAfter tax
Investment securities
Net unrealized losses arising during the period$(5,465)$1,295 $(4,170)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations23(a)(5)(b)18
Net change(5,488)1,300 (4,188)
Translation adjustments
Net unrealized losses arising during the period(13)(10)
Net investment hedges (c)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period11 (2)
Cash flow hedges (c)
Less: Net realized gains reclassified to income from continuing operations15 (d)(4)(b)11 
Defined benefit pension plans
Net unrealized gains arising during the period2— 2
Less: Net realized losses reclassified to income from continuing operations(21)(e)(b)(16)
Net change23 (5)18 
Other comprehensive loss$(5,482)$1,300 $(4,182)
(a)Includes gains reclassified to other gain on investments, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Includes amounts reclassified to income tax expense from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(c)For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
(d)Includes gains reclassified to interest and fees on finance receivables and loans in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(e)Includes losses reclassified to compensation and benefits expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as a result of actions taken toward the settlement of our qualified defined benefit pension plan. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
16.    Earnings per Common Share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
20232022
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (a)
2023202220232022
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$320 $655 Net income from continuing operations$296 $300 $945 $1,437 
Preferred stock dividends — Series BPreferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)Preferred stock dividends — Series B(16)(16)(48)(48)
Preferred stock dividends — Series CPreferred stock dividends — Series C(12)(12)Preferred stock dividends — Series C(11)(11)(35)(35)
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholdersNet income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders$292 $627 Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders$269 $273 $862 $1,354 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)— Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (1)(1)(1)
Net income attributable to common stockholdersNet income attributable to common stockholders$291 $627 Net income attributable to common stockholders$269 $272 $861 $1,353 
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)302,657 335,678 Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)304,134 308,220 303,497 321,884 
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)303,448 337,812 Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (b)305,693 310,086 304,601 323,875 
Basic earnings per common shareBasic earnings per common shareBasic earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$0.97 $1.87 Net income from continuing operations$0.88 $0.88 $2.84 $4.20 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax — (0.01)— 
Net incomeNet income$0.96 $1.87 Net income$0.88 $0.88 $2.84 $4.20 
Diluted earnings per common shareDiluted earnings per common shareDiluted earnings per common share
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations$0.96 $1.86 Net income from continuing operations$0.88 $0.88 $2.83 $4.18 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax — (0.01)— 
Net incomeNet income$0.96 $1.86 Net income$0.88 $0.88 $2.83 $4.18 
(a)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Earnings per share is calculated based on unrounded numbers.
(b)Includes shares related to share-based compensation that vested but were not yet issued.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
17.    Regulatory Capital and Other Regulatory Matters
Ally is subject to enhanced prudential standards that have been established by the FRB under the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended by the EGRRCP Act and as applied to Category IV firms under the Tailoring Rules. AsRefer to the discussion below, however, about rules proposed by the U.S. banking agencies in 2023 that would significantly alter the Tailoring Rules. Currently, as a Category IV firm, Ally is (1) subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle, (2) required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB, (3) exempted from company-run capital stress testing requirements, (4) required to maintain a buffer of unencumbered highly liquid assets to meet projected net stressed cash outflows over a 30-day planning horizon, (5) exempted from the requirements of the LCR and the net stable funding ratio (provided that our average wSTWF continues to remain under $50 billion), and (6) exempted from the requirements of the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and single-counterparty credit limits. Even so, we are subject to rules enabling the FRB to conduct supervisory stress testing on a more or less frequent basis based on our financial condition, size, complexity, risk profile, scope of operations, or activities or based on risks to the U.S. economy. Further, we are subject to rules requiring the resubmission of our capital plan if we determine that there has been or will be a material change in our risk profile, financial condition, or corporate structure since we last submitted the capital plan or if the FRB determines that (a) our capital plan is incomplete or our capital plan or internal capital adequacy process contains material weaknesses, (b) there has been, or will likely be, a material change in our risk profile (including a material change in our business strategy or any risk exposure), financial condition, or corporate structure, or (c) the BHC stress scenario(s) are not appropriate for our business model and portfolios, or changes in the financial markets or the macroeconomic outlook that could have a material impact on our risk profile and financial condition require the use of updated scenarios. While a resubmission is pending, without prior approval of the FRB, we would generally be prohibited from paying dividends, repurchasing our common stock, or making other capital distributions. In addition, to satisfy the FRB in its review of our capital plan, we may be required to further cease or limit these capital distributions or to issue capital instruments that could be dilutive to stockholders. The FRB also may prevent us from maintaining or expanding lending or other business activities.
Basel Capital Framework
The FRB and other U.S. banking agencies have adopted risk-based and leverage capital rules that establish minimum capital-to-asset ratios for BHCs, like Ally, and depository institutions, like Ally Bank.
The risk-based capital ratios are based on a banking organization’s RWAs, which are generally determined under the standardized approach applicable to Ally and Ally Bank by (1) assigning on-balance-sheet exposures to broad risk-weight categories according to the counterparty or, if relevant, the guarantor or collateral (with higher risk weights assigned to categories of exposures perceived as representing greater risk), and (2) multiplying off-balance-sheet exposures by specified credit conversion factors to calculate credit equivalent amounts and assigning those credit equivalent amounts to the relevant risk-weight categories. The leverage ratio, in contrast, is based on an institution’s average unweighted on-balance-sheet exposures.
Under U.S. Basel III, Ally and Ally Bank must maintain a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6%, and a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8%. On top of the minimum risk-based capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank are subject to a capital conservation buffer requirement, which must be satisfied entirely with capital that qualifies as
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Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Failure to maintain more than the full amount of the capital conservation buffer requirement would result in automatic restrictions on the ability of Ally and Ally Bank to make capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases and redemptions, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. U.S. Basel III also subjects Ally and Ally Bank to a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. While the capital conservation buffer requirement for Ally Bank is fixed at 2.5% of RWAs, the capital conservation buffer requirement for a Category IV firm like Ally is equal to its stress capital buffer requirement. The stress capital buffer requirement for Ally, in turn, is the greater of 2.5% and the result of the following calculation: (1) the difference between Ally’s starting and minimum projected Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratios under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus (2) the sum of the dollar amount of Ally’s planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of its nine-quarter capital planning horizon, as a percentage of RWAs. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the stress capital buffer requirement for Ally was 2.5%.
Ally and Ally Bank are currently subject to the U.S. Basel III standardized approach for counterparty credit risk but not to the U.S. Basel III advanced approaches for credit risk or operational risk. Ally is also not currently subject to the U.S. market-risk capital rule, which applies only to banking organizations with significant trading assets and liabilities. Since Ally and Ally Bank are currently not subject to the advanced approaches risk-based capital rules, we elected to apply a one-time option to exclude most components of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss from regulatory capital. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally had $3.8$4.8 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, of accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of applicable income taxes, that were excluded from Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Refer to the discussion below, however, about rules proposed by the U.S. banking agencies in 2023 that would require us to recognize all components of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital, except gains and losses on cash-flow hedges where the hedged items are not recognized on our balance sheet at fair value. Refer also to Note 15 for additional details about our accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Failure to satisfy regulatory-capital requirements could result in significant sanctions—such as bars or other limits on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses to executive officers, limitations on acquisitions and new activities, restrictions on our acceptance of brokered deposits, a loss of our status as an FHC, or informal or formal enforcement and other supervisory actions—and could have a significant adverse effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements or the business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects of Ally and Ally Bank.
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The risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio play a central role in PCA, which is an enforcement framework used by the U.S. banking agencies to constrain the activities of depository institutions based on their levels of regulatory capital. Five categories have been established using thresholds for the Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the total risk-based capital ratio, and the Tier 1 leverage ratio: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. FDICIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution, including any payment of a cash dividend or a management fee to its BHC, if the depository institution would become undercapitalized after the distribution. An undercapitalized institution is also subject to growth limitations and must submit and fulfill a capital restoration plan. Although BHCs are not subject to the PCA framework, the FRB is empowered to compel a BHC to take measures—such as the execution of financial or performance guarantees—when PCA is required in connection with one of its depository-institution subsidiaries. At both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, Ally Bank met the capital ratios required to be well capitalized under the PCA framework.
Under FDICIA and the PCA framework, insured depository institutions such as Ally Bank must be well capitalized or, with a waiver from the FDIC, adequately capitalized in order to accept brokered deposits, and even adequately capitalized institutions are subject to some restrictions on the rates they may offer for brokered deposits. Brokered deposits totaled $13.8$11.3 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, which represented 9.0%7.4% of Ally Bank’s total deposits.
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The following table summarizes our capital ratios under U.S. Basel III.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022Required minimum (a)Well-capitalized minimumSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022Required minimum (a)Well-capitalized minimum
($ in millions)($ in millions)AmountRatioAmountRatio($ in millions)AmountRatioAmountRatio
Capital ratiosCapital ratiosCapital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.Ally Financial Inc.$14,540 9.23 %$14,592 9.27 %4.50 %(b)Ally Financial Inc.$14,994 9.31 %$14,592 9.27 %4.50 %(b)
Ally BankAlly Bank17,121 11.43 17,011 11.38 4.50 6.50 %Ally Bank17,215 11.27 17,011 11.38 4.50 6.50 %
Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.Ally Financial Inc.$16,803 10.66 %$16,867 10.72 %6.00 %6.00 %Ally Financial Inc.$17,257 10.71 %$16,867 10.72 %6.00 %6.00 %
Ally BankAlly Bank17,121 11.43 17,011 11.38 6.00 8.00 Ally Bank17,215 11.27 17,011 11.38 6.00 8.00 
Total (to risk-weighted assets)Total (to risk-weighted assets)Total (to risk-weighted assets)
Ally Financial Inc.Ally Financial Inc.$19,626 12.46 %$19,209 12.21 %8.00 %10.00 %Ally Financial Inc.$20,126 12.49 %$19,209 12.21 %8.00 %10.00 %
Ally BankAlly Bank19,007 12.69 18,888 12.64 8.00 10.00 Ally Bank19,140 12.53 18,888 12.64 8.00 10.00 
Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)Tier 1 leverage (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (c)
Ally Financial Inc.Ally Financial Inc.$16,803 8.54 %$16,867 8.65 %4.00 %(b)Ally Financial Inc.$17,257 8.60 %$16,867 8.65 %4.00 %(b)
Ally BankAlly Bank17,121 9.18 17,011 9.23 4.00 5.00 %Ally Bank17,215 9.04 17,011 9.23 4.00 5.00 %
(a)In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios, Ally and Ally Bank were required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer of 2.5% at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
(b)Currently, there is no ratio component for determining whether a BHC is “well-capitalized.”
(c)Federal regulatory reporting guidelines require the calculation of adjusted quarterly average assets using a daily average methodology.
On January 1, 2020, we adopted CECL. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our allowance for loan losses accounting policy. Under a rule finalized by the FRB and other U.S. banking agencies in 2020, we delayed recognizing the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital until after a two-year deferral period, which for us extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, we were required to phase in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025. The estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital that we deferred and began phasing in on January 1, 2022, is generally calculated as the entire day-one impact at adoption plus 25% of the subsequent change in allowance during the two-year deferral period. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, the total deferred impact on Common Equity Tier 1 capital related to our adoption of CECL was $591 million.
In December 2017, the Basel Committee approved revisions to the global Basel III capital framework (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV), many of which—if adopted in the United States—could heighten regulatory capital standards. While these revisions were planned for implementation by member countries by January 1, 2023, the U.S. banking agencies have yet to propose rules to do so. At this time, how the revisions will be harmonized and finalized in the United States remains unclear, although officials of the U.S. banking agencies have indicated that regulatory capital standards are expected to become more exacting. In addition, in the wake of the failures of SVB and Signature, President Biden on March 30, 2023, urged the U.S. banking agencies to roll back many of the Tailoring Rules for Category IV firms like Ally, including by (1) imposing regulatory capital standards currently applicable to the largest banking organizations, such as the minimum total-loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) requirement and the inclusion of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital, (2) reinstating the LCR and requiring more rigorous liquidity stress testing, (3) returning to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle, and (4) resuming resolution planning for Ally and its significant legal entities under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other applicable insolvency laws. On April 28, 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to customize and implement revisions to the global Basel III capital framework that had been approved by the Basel Committee in December 2017 (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV). For regulatory capital, the proposed rule would eliminate the effect of the Tailoring Rules by requiring the recognition of most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss and the application of deductions, limitations, and criteria for specified capital investments, minority interests, and TLAC holdings. For each of the risk-based capital ratios, a large banking organization like Ally would calculate and be bound by the lower of two alternatives: one version of the ratio based on an expanded risk-based approach prescribed in the proposed rule and one version of the ratio based on the standardized approach as modified by the proposed rule. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the
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standardized approach produces the lower ratio. Under the expanded risk-based approach, total RWAs would equal the sum of the RWAs for credit risk, equity risk, operational risk, market risk, and CVA risk as set forth in the proposed rule minus any amount of the banking organization’s adjusted allowance for credit losses that is not included in Tier 2 capital and any amount of allocated transfer risk reserves. Under the standardized approach, total RWAs would be calculated using the existing rules with a revised methodology for determining market risk-weighted assets and a required application of the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk for derivative exposures. Category IV firms would be further required under the proposed rule to project their risk-based capital ratios under baseline conditions in their capital plans and related reports using the RWA-calculation approach that results in their binding risk-based capital ratios as of the start of the projection horizon. The proposed rule also would roll back additional elements of the Tailoring Rules by applying to Category IV firms the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and enhanced public disclosure and reporting requirements. Under the proposed rule, a three-year transition period from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2028, would apply to the recognition of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital and the use of the expanded risk-based approach. The phase-in of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss is expected to significantly affect our levels of regulatory capital. While we believe that this would be manageable, we also anticipate that our levels of regulatory capital would need to be gradually increased in advance of and during the proposed transition period. As for the proposed changes to RWAs, while we continue to evaluate the effects of individual provisions and the interplay among them as well as potential management actions in response, the impact is not currently expected to be significant in the aggregate if the proposed rule were adopted in its existing form. We are actively engaged with research and advocacy groups to inform the rulemaking process and better understand the impacts of the proposed rule on banking organizations of various sizes and complexities—as well as the competitive environment more broadly—and likewise encourage the U.S. banking agencies to closely study these impacts and their wider implications.
In August 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued two proposed rules to improve the resolvability of Category IV firms like Ally. The first proposed rule would require Category II, III, and IV firms, their large consolidated banks, and other institutions to issue and maintain minimum amounts of eligible long-term debt in an amount that is the greater of (i) 6 percent of total RWAs, (ii) 3.5 percent of average total consolidated assets, and (iii) 2.5 percent of total leverage exposure. Covered insured depository institutions, like Ally Bank, that are consolidated subsidiaries of covered entities, like Ally, would be required to issue eligible long-term debt internally to a company that consolidates the covered insured depository institution, which would in turn be required to purchase that long-term debt. Only long-term debt instruments that are most readily able to absorb losses in a resolution proceeding would qualify, and the operations of covered entities would be subject to clean-holding-company requirements such as prohibitions and limitations on their liabilities to unaffiliated entities. Under the proposed rule, a transition period would apply with 25, 50, and 100 percent of the long-term-debt requirements coming into effect by the end of the first, second, and third years, respectively, after finalization of the rule. The second proposed rule, which was issued solely by the FDIC, would require each insured depository institution with $100 billion or more in total assets, like Ally Bank, to submit a full resolution plan with an identified strategy for ensuring timely access to insured deposits, maximizing value from the disposition of assets, minimizing any losses realized by creditors, and addressing potential financial-stability risks. Each resolution plan also would be subject to more stringent standards on its assumptions, content, and reviews. Covered insured depository institutions would need to submit a full resolution plan every two years with interim supplements in non-submission years. We are still assessing the impact of these two proposed rules but, due to the current structure and amount of debt instruments issued by Ally and Ally Bank, expect the long-term-debt rule in particular to significantly affect us.
Whether and when final rules related to these proposals may be adopted and take effect, as well as what changes to the proposed rules may be reflected in any final rules after the comment periods, remain unclear. Also, beyond these proposed rules, more stringent and less tailored liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally may be forthcoming, including those that may reinstate the LCR, require more rigorous liquidity stress testing, and return Ally to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle.
Capital Planning and Stress Tests
Under the Tailoring Rules, we are generally subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle and exempted from mandated company-run capital stress testing requirements. We are also required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB. Our annual capital plan must include an assessment of our expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, including any issuance of a debt or equity capital instrument, any dividend or other capital distribution, and any similar action that the FRB determines could have an impact on our capital. The plan must also include a detailed description of our process for assessing capital adequacy, including a discussion of how we, under expected and stressful conditions, will maintain capital commensurate with our risks and above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, will serve as a source of strength to Ally Bank, and will maintain sufficient capital to continue our operations by maintaining ready access to funding, meeting our obligations to creditors and other counterparties, and continuing to serve as a credit intermediary.
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The Tailoring Rules align capital planning, supervisory stress testing, and stress capital buffer requirements for large banking organizations like Ally. As a Category IV firm, Ally is expected to have the ability to elect to participate in the supervisory stress test—and receive a correspondingly updated stress capital buffer requirement—in a year in which Ally would not generally be subject to the supervisory stress test. Refer to the section titled Basel Capital Framework above for further discussion about our stress capital buffer requirements. During a year in which Ally does not undergo a supervisory stress test, we would receive an updated stress capital buffer requirement only to reflect our updated planned common-stock dividends. Ally was subject to the 2022 supervisory stress test and did not elect to participate in the 2023 supervisory stress test.
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On January 10, 2022, our Board authorized a stock-repurchase program, permitting us to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock from time to time from the first quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2022 subject to restrictions imposed by the FRB, and an increase in our cash dividend on common stock from $0.25 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to $0.30 per share for the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $1.65 billion of common stock under our stock-repurchase program. Since the commencement of our initial stock-repurchase program in the third quarter of 2016, we have reduced the number of outstanding shares of our common stock by 38%, from 484 million as of June 30, 2016, to 301302 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023. At this time, the Board has not authorized a stock-repurchase program for 2023.2023 or 2024.
We submitted our 2022 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2022. Ally received an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement from the FRB in June 2022, which was determined to be 2.5% and reflected a decline of 100 basis points relative to our prior requirement. The updated 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in August 2022 and became effective on October 1, 2022. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and issued $500 million of additional subordinated notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital for Ally under U.S. Basel III. We submitted our 2023 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2023, and received in June 2023 an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement that remained unchanged at 2.5%. The 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in July 2023 and became effective on October 1, 2023.
Our ability to make capital distributions, including our ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock, will continue to be subject to the FRB’s review and our internal governance requirements, including approval by our Board. The amount and size of any future dividends and share repurchases also will be subject to various factors, including Ally’s capital and liquidity positions, accounting and regulatory considerations (including any restrictions that may be imposed by the FRB)FRB and any changes to capital, liquidity, and other regulatory requirements that may be proposed or adopted by the U.S. banking agencies), the taxation of share repurchases, financial and operational performance, alternative uses of capital, common-stock price, and general market conditions, and may be extended, modified, or discontinued at any time.
The following table presents information related to our common stock and distributions to our common stockholders.
Common stock repurchased during period (a)Number of common shares outstandingCash dividends declared per common share (b)Common stock repurchased during period (a)Number of common shares outstandingCash dividends declared per common share (b)
($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)Approximate dollar valueNumber of sharesBeginning of periodEnd of period($ in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)Approximate dollar valueNumber of sharesBeginning of periodEnd of period
202220222022
First quarterFirst quarter$584 12,548 337,941 327,306 $0.30 First quarter$584 12,548 337,941 327,306 $0.30 
Second quarterSecond quarter600 15,031 327,306 312,781 0.30 Second quarter600 15,031 327,306 312,781 0.30 
Third quarterThird quarter415 12,468 312,781 300,335 0.30 Third quarter415 12,468 312,781 300,335 0.30 
Fourth quarterFourth quarter51 1,731 300,335 299,324 0.30 Fourth quarter51 1,731 300,335 299,324 0.30 
202320232023
First quarterFirst quarter$27 836 299,324 300,821 $0.30 First quarter$27 836 299,324 300,821 $0.30 
Second quarterSecond quarter58 300,821 301,619 0.30 
Third quarterThird quarter 5 301,619 301,630 0.30 
(a)Includes shares of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.
(b)On April 14,October 9, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock, payable on MayNovember 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on MayNovember 1, 2023. Refer to Note 24 for further information regarding this common-stock dividend.
18.    Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We enter into derivative instruments, which may include interest rate swaps, foreign-currency forwards, equity options, and interest rate options, in connection with our risk-management activities. Our primary objective for using derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk associated with our fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities, foreign exchange risks related to our net investments in foreign subsidiaries, as well as foreign-currency denominated assets and liabilities, and other market risks related to our investment portfolio.
Interest Rate Risk
We monitor our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities and may enter into interest rate swaps, forwards, and options to achieve oura more desired mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate assets and liabilities. We execute these trades to modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting certain fixed-rate instruments to a variable-rate and certain variable-rate instruments to a fixed-rate. We use a mix of both derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting treatment and economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.
Derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting treatment can include receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate unsecured debt obligations, receive-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of specific fixed-rate FHLB advances, pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of securities within our available-for-sale portfolio, and pay-fixed swaps designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate held-for-investment consumer automotive loan assets. Other derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting consist of interest rate
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fixed-rate held-for-investment consumer automotive loan assets. Other derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting consist of interest rate floor contracts designated as cash flow hedges of the expected future cash flows in the form of interest receipts on a portion of our dealer floorplan commercial loans.
We have the ability to execute economic hedges, which could consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, forwards, and options to mitigate interest rate risk.
We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business that meet the accounting definition of a derivative.
Foreign Exchange Risk
We enter into derivative financial instrument contracts to mitigate the risk associated with variability in cash flows related to our various foreign-currency exposures.
We enter into foreign-currency forwards with external counterparties as net investment hedges of foreign exchange exposure on our investment in foreign subsidiaries. Our equity is impacted by the cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the translation of foreign subsidiary results; this impact is reflected in our accumulated other comprehensive income. We also periodically enter into foreign-currency forwards to economically hedge any foreign-denominated debt, centralized lending, and foreign-denominated third-party loans. These foreign-currency forwards used as economic hedges are recorded at fair value with changes recorded as income or expense offsetting the gains and losses on the associated foreign-currency transactions.
Investment Risk
We enter into equity options to mitigate the risk associated with our exposure to the equity markets.
Credit Risk
We enter into various retail automotive-loan purchase agreements with certain counterparties. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Based upon these terms, these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative.
Counterparty Credit Risk
Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe us under the contract completely fail to perform under the terms of those contracts, assuming no recoveries of underlying collateral as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instrument.
We manage our risk to financial counterparties through internal credit analysis, limits, and monitoring. Additionally, derivatives and repurchase agreements are entered into with approved counterparties using industry standard agreements.
We execute certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps and floors, using bilateral agreements with financial counterparties. Bilateral agreements generally require both parties to post collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet posting thresholds established under the agreements. If either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Payments related to the exchange of collateral for OTC derivatives are recognized as collateral.
We also execute certain derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, with clearinghouses, which require us to post and receive collateral. For these clearinghouse derivatives, these payments are recognized as settlements rather than collateral.
Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. No such specified credit-risk-related events occurred during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, or 2022.
We placed cash and noncash collateral with counterparties totaling $5$552 million, and $674 million, respectively, supporting our derivative positions at March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to $2 million and $384 million of cash and noncash collateral, respectively, at December 31, 2022, in accounts maintained by counterparties.2022. These amounts include noncash collateral placed at clearinghouses and exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The receivables for cash collateral placed are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in other assets. We granted our counterparties the right to sell or pledge the noncash collateral.
We received cash collateral from counterparties totaling $51$20 million and $23 million in accounts maintained by counterparties at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts exclude cash and noncash collateral pledged under repurchase agreements. The payables for cash collateral received are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
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Balance Sheet Presentation
The following table summarizes the amounts of derivative instruments reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amounts are presented on a gross basis, are segregated by derivatives that are designated and qualifying as hedging instruments or those that are not, and are further segregated by type of contract within those two categories.
Derivative contracts in a receivable and payable position exclude open trade equity on derivatives cleared through central clearing counterparties. Any associated margin exchanged with our central clearing counterparties are treated as settlements of the derivative exposure, rather than collateral. Such payments are recognized as settlements of the derivatives contracts in a receivable and payable position on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Notional amounts are reference amounts from which contractual obligations are derived and are not recorded on the balance sheet. In our view, derivative notional is not an accurate measure of our derivative exposure when viewed in isolation from other factors, such as market rate fluctuations and counterparty credit risk.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivative contracts in aNotional amountDerivative contracts in aNotional amountDerivative contracts in aNotional amountDerivative contracts in aNotional amount
($ in millions)($ in millions)receivable positionpayable positionreceivable positionpayable position($ in millions)receivable positionpayable positionreceivable positionpayable position
Derivatives designated as accounting hedgesDerivatives designated as accounting hedgesDerivatives designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
SwapsSwaps$ $ $39,549 $— $— $30,619 Swaps$ $ $33,194 $— $— $30,619 
Purchased optionsPurchased options47  5,000 22 — 2,800 Purchased options19  6,250 22 — 2,800 
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts
ForwardsForwards 2 154 — 151 Forwards1  163 — 151 
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives designated as accounting hedges47 2 44,703 22 33,570 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges20  39,607 22 33,570 
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedgesDerivatives not designated as accounting hedgesDerivatives not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Futures and forwardsFutures and forwards  77 — — 37 Futures and forwards1  84 — — 37 
Written optionsWritten options2  123 — 79 Written options1  103 — — 79 
Total interest rate riskTotal interest rate risk2  200 — — 116 Total interest rate risk2  187 — — 116 
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts
Futures and forwardsFutures and forwards  52 — 147 Futures and forwards  57 — 147 
Total foreign exchange riskTotal foreign exchange risk  52 — 147 Total foreign exchange risk  57 — 147 
Credit contracts (a)Credit contracts (a)Credit contracts (a)
Other credit derivativesOther credit derivatives 44 n/a— 39 n/aOther credit derivatives 14 n/a— 39 n/a
Total credit riskTotal credit risk 44 n/a— 39 n/aTotal credit risk 14 n/a— 39 n/a
Equity contractsEquity contractsEquity contracts
Written optionsWritten options 3 1 — — Written options   — — 
Purchased optionsPurchased options1  1 — — Purchased options   — — 
Total equity riskTotal equity risk1 3 2 — Total equity risk   — 
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedgesTotal derivatives not designated as accounting hedges3 47 254 41 263 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges2 14 244 41 263 
Total derivativesTotal derivatives$50 $49 $44,957 $23 $42 $33,833 Total derivatives$22 $14 $39,851 $23 $42 $33,833 
n/a = not applicable
(a)The maximum potential amount of undiscounted future payments that could be required under these credit derivatives was $76$38 million and $82 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents amounts recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.


Carrying amount of the hedged itemsCumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged items

Carrying amount of the hedged itemsCumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged items
TotalDiscontinued (a)TotalDiscontinued (a)
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Available-for-sale securities (b)Available-for-sale securities (b)$11,493 $11,265 $(45)$(180)$(174)$(181)Available-for-sale securities (b)$14,478 $11,265 $(434)$(180)$(164)$(181)
Finance receivables and loans, net (c)Finance receivables and loans, net (c)52,785 46,390 (402)(617)(47)(57)Finance receivables and loans, net (c)46,091 46,390 (358)(617)(30)(57)
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Long-term debtLong-term debt$7,708 $7,697 $108 $112 $108 $120 Long-term debt$7,736 $7,697 $102 $112 $102 $120 
(a)Represents the fair value hedging adjustment on qualifying hedges for which the hedging relationship was discontinued. This represents a subset of the amounts reported in the total hedging adjustment.
(b)These amounts include the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios of available-for-sale securities used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $13.0 billion and $10.0 billion, respectively, of which $12.8 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, represents the amortized cost basis and unallocated basis adjustments of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $16$360 million liability and a $135 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $132$126 million liability and a $138 million liability, respectively. At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $7.7$10.5 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $116$234 million assetliability and a $3 million asset, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship. Refer to Note 6 for a reconciliation of the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities.
(c)These amounts include the carrying value of closed portfolios of loan receivables used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is the stated amount of assets in the closed portfolios anticipated to be outstanding for the designated hedge period. At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $52.8$46.1 billion and $46.4 billion, respectively, of which $51.9$40.1 billion and $46.1 billion, respectively, represents the carrying value of closed portfolios designated in an active hedge relationship. At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships was a $402$358 million liability and a $617 million liability, respectively, of which the portion related to discontinued hedging relationships was a $47$30 million liability and a $57 million liability, respectively. At March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the notional amounts of the designated hedged items were $30.5$21.3 billion and $22.8 billion, respectively, with cumulative basis adjustments of a $355$328 million liability and a $560 million liability, respectively, which would be allocated across the entire remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedge relationship.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Statement of Income Presentation
The following table summarizes the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as accounting hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Gain (loss) recognized in earningsGain (loss) recognized in earningsGain (loss) recognized in earnings
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Gain (loss) on mortgage and automotive loans, net$5 $(2)
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, netGain on mortgage and automotive loans, net$4 $$13 $
Other income, net of lossesOther income, net of losses Other income, net of losses(1)(1)10 
Total interest rate contractsTotal interest rate contracts5 Total interest rate contracts3 11 12 18 
Foreign exchange contractsForeign exchange contractsForeign exchange contracts
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses1 (3)Other operating expenses1 1 11 
Total foreign exchange contractsTotal foreign exchange contracts1 (3)Total foreign exchange contracts1 1 11 
Credit contractsCredit contractsCredit contracts
Other income, net of lossesOther income, net of losses(5)(1)Other income, net of losses — (5)(2)
Total credit contractsTotal credit contracts(5)(1)Total credit contracts — (5)(2)
Equity contractsEquity contractsEquity contracts
Other income, net of lossesOther income, net of losses(4)— Other income, net of losses(4)— (11)— 
Total equity contractsTotal equity contracts(4)— Total equity contracts(4)— (11)— 
Total loss recognized in earnings$(3)$(3)
Total gain (loss) recognized in earningsTotal gain (loss) recognized in earnings$ $20 $(3)$27 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table summarizestables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debtInterest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debt
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationshipsGain (loss) on fair value hedging relationshipsGain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debtHedged fixed-rate unsecured debt$ $— $ $— $1 $(2)Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt$ $— $ $— $ $
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debtDerivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt —  — (1)Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt —  —  (1)
Hedged available-for-sale securitiesHedged available-for-sale securities — 130 (42) — Hedged available-for-sale securities — (164)(97) — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securitiesDerivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities — (130)42  — Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities — 164 97  — 
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loansHedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans205 (304) —  — Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans66 (174) —  — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loansDerivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans(205)304  —  — Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans(66)174  —  — 
Total gain on fair value hedging relationshipsTotal gain on fair value hedging relationships —  —  — Total gain on fair value hedging relationships —  —  — 
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationshipsGain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loansHedged variable-rate commercial loansHedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income5  —  — 
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into incomeReclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income4  —  — 
Total gain on cash flow hedging relationships$5 $$ $— $ $— 
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income$2,575 $1,714 $238 $188 $227 $185 
Other hedged forecasted transactionsOther hedged forecasted transactions
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into incomeReclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income —    (1)
Total gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationshipsTotal gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships$4 $$ $— $ $(1)
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive IncomeTotal amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income$2,837 $2,120 $267 $218 $274 $194 
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debt
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged fixed-rate unsecured debt$ $— $ $— $1 $
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate unsecured debt —  — (1)(5)
Hedged available-for-sale securities — (272)(186) — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on available-for-sale securities — 272 186  — 
Hedged fixed-rate consumer automotive loans232 (627) —  — 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments on fixed-rate consumer automotive loans(232)627  —  — 
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships —  —  — 
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Hedged variable-rate commercial loans
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income14 16  —  — 
Other hedged forecasted transactions
Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income—  (1)
Total gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships$14 $16 $ $— $ $(1)
Total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income$8,133 $5,676 $752 $609 $753 $563 
During the next 12 months, we estimate $8$7 million of gainslosses will be reclassified into pretax earnings from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.
The following table summarizestables summarize the location and amounts of gains and losses related to interest and amortization on derivative instruments designated as qualifying fair value and cash flow hedges reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debtInterest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debt
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationshipsGain (loss) on fair value hedging relationshipsGain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustmentsAmortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments$ $— $ $— $2 $Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments$ $— $ $— $3 $
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debtInterest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt —  —  — 
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances)Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances) —  — 1 (1)Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances) —  — 1 (1)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securitiesAmortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities — 5  — Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities — 6  — 
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securitiesInterest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities — 13 (1) — Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities — 46 —  — 
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustmentsAmortization of deferred loan basis adjustments10 (9) —  — Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments8 17  —  — 
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investmentInterest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment162 (18) —  — Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment154 36  —  — 
Total gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships$172 $(27)$18 $— $3 $— 
Total gain on fair value hedging relationshipsTotal gain on fair value hedging relationships$162 $53 $52 $$4 $— 
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assetsInterest on long-term debt
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
202320222023202220232022
Gain on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate contracts
Amortization of deferred unsecured debt basis adjustments$ $— $ $— $7 $
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of unsecured debt —  —  
Amortization of deferred secured debt basis adjustments (FHLB advances) —  — 2 (3)
Amortization of deferred basis adjustments of available-for-sale securities — 17  — 
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of available-for-sale securities — 86 (1) — 
Amortization of deferred loan basis adjustments26  —  — 
Interest for qualifying accounting hedges of consumer automotive loans held for investment505 13  —  — 
Total gain on fair value hedging relationships$531 $19 $103 $$9 $
The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Interest rate contractsInterest rate contractsInterest rate contracts
Loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)$(1)$(6)
Loss recognized in other comprehensive lossLoss recognized in other comprehensive loss$(20)$(4)$(48)$(15)
The following table summarizes the effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)Foreign exchange contracts (a) (b)
Loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)$ $(3)
Gain recognized in other comprehensive incomeGain recognized in other comprehensive income$4 $10 $1 $11 
(a)There were no amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, or 2022.
(b)Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. There were no amounts reclassified for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, or 2022.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
19.    Income Taxes
We recognized total income tax expensebenefit from continuing operations of $68 million and income tax expense from continuing operations of $74 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $191$117 million and $460 million for the same periodperiods in 2022.
The decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to adjustments to the valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards as well as the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings. In the third quarter of 2023, we recognized a nonrecurring net tax benefit of $94 million primarily driven by a tax planning strategy resulting in the release of a valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards of $92 million. In the third quarter of 2022, we established a valuation allowance against foreign tax credit carryforwards as a result of a reduction in forecasted foreign-sourced income caused by revised estimates from certain previously executed and forecasted securitization transactions of $27 million. The release of valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards resulted in a significant variation in the customary relationship between pretax income and income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
The decrease in income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings.earnings, the release of valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards of $92 million during 2023, the establishment of valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards of $47 million during 2022, and an increase in qualified clean vehicle tax credits for purchased plug-in electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles. The release of valuation allowance resulted in a significant variation in the customary relationship between pretax income and income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
As of each reporting date, we consider existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. We continue to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit for certain foreign tax credit carryforwards and state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we continue to provide a partial valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets relating to these carryforwards and it is reasonably possible that the valuation allowance may change in the next 12 months.
20.    Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
For purposes of this disclosure, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. Fair value is based on the assumptions we believe market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability. Additionally, entities are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring the fair value of a liability.
U.S. GAAP specifies a three-level hierarchy that is used when measuring and disclosing fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The following is a description of the three hierarchy levels.
Level 1    Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market, and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.
Level 2    Inputs are other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3    Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management’s best assumptions of how market participants would price the assets or liabilities. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.
Judgment is used in estimating inputs to our internal valuation models used to estimate our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayment speeds, credit losses, and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements and amounts that could be realized.
The following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models, and significant assumptions utilized.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Equity securities — We hold various marketable equity securities measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Measurements based on observable market prices are classified as Level 1.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Available-for-sale securities — We carry our available-for-sale securities at fair value based on external pricing sources. We classify our securities as Level 1 when fair value is determined using quoted prices available for the same instruments trading in active markets. We classify our securities as Level 2 when fair value is determined using prices for similar instruments trading in active markets. We perform pricing validation procedures for our available-for-sale securities.
Derivative instruments — We enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of our risk-management strategies. Certain of these derivatives are exchange traded, such as equity options. To determine the fair value of these instruments, we utilize the quoted market prices for those particular derivative contracts; therefore, we classified these contracts as Level 1.
We also execute OTC and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps, foreign-currency denominated forward contracts, caps, floors, and agency to-be-announced securities. We utilize third-party-developed valuation models that are widely accepted in the market to value these derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contract and market observable inputs (such as interest rate forward curves, interpolated volatility assumptions, or equity pricing) are used in the model. We classified these derivative contracts as Level 2 because all significant inputs into these models were market observable.
We also enter into interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments that are executed as part of our mortgage business, certain of which meet the accounting definition of a derivative and therefore are recorded as derivatives on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest rate lock commitments are valued using internal pricing models with unobservable inputs, so they are classified as Level 3.
We purchase automotive finance receivables and loans from third parties as part of forward flow arrangements and, from time-to-time, execute opportunistic ad-hoc bulk purchases. As part of those agreements, we may withhold a portion of the purchase price from the counterparty and be required to pay the counterparty all or part of the amount withheld at agreed upon measurement dates and determinable amounts if actual credit performance of the acquired loans on the measurement date is better than or equal to what was estimated at the time of acquisition. Because these contracts meet the accounting definition of a derivative, we recognize a liability at fair value for these deferred purchase price payments. The fair value of these liabilities is determined using a discounted cash flow method. To estimate cash flows, we utilize various significant assumptions, including market observable inputs (for example, forward interest rates) and internally developed inputs (for example, prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and expected credit losses). These liabilities are valued using internal loss models with unobservable inputs, and are classified as Level 3.
We are required to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including our own credit standing, when measuring fair value of derivative assets and liabilities. We reduce credit risk on the majority of our derivatives by entering into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral associated with the fair value of our derivative positions on an ongoing basis. In the event that we do not enter into legally enforceable agreements that enable the posting and receiving of collateral, we will consider our credit risk in the valuation of derivative liabilities through a DVA and the credit risk of our counterparties in the valuation of derivative assets through a CVA, if warranted. When measuring these valuation adjustments, we generally use credit default swap spreads.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Recurring Fair Value
The following tables display the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis including financial instruments elected for the fair value option. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items; therefore, they do not directly display the impact of our risk-management activities.
Recurring fair value measurementsRecurring fair value measurements
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
AssetsAssetsAssets
Investment securitiesInvestment securitiesInvestment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)Equity securities (a) (b)$676 $ $1 $677 Equity securities (a) (b)$680 $ $1 $681 
Available-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securities
Debt securitiesDebt securitiesDebt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agenciesU.S. Treasury and federal agencies2,064   2,064 U.S. Treasury and federal agencies1,991   1,991 
U.S. States and political subdivisionsU.S. States and political subdivisions 709 4 713 U.S. States and political subdivisions 608 4 612 
Foreign governmentForeign government47 117  164 Foreign government43 116  159 
Agency mortgage-backed residentialAgency mortgage-backed residential 16,420  16,420 Agency mortgage-backed residential 14,636  14,636 
Mortgage-backed residentialMortgage-backed residential 4,282  4,282 Mortgage-backed residential 3,873  3,873 
Agency mortgage-backed commercialAgency mortgage-backed commercial 3,652  3,652 Agency mortgage-backed commercial 3,466  3,466 
Asset-backedAsset-backed 419  419 Asset-backed 354  354 
Corporate debtCorporate debt 1,736  1,736 Corporate debt 1,703  1,703 
Total available-for-sale securitiesTotal available-for-sale securities2,111 27,335 4 29,450 Total available-for-sale securities2,034 24,756 4 26,794 
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c) 24  24 Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c) 29  29 
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)  2 2 
Other assetsOther assetsOther assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable positionDerivative contracts in a receivable positionDerivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rateInterest rate 47 2 49 Interest rate 20 1 21 
Foreign currencyForeign currency 1  1 
Equity1   1 
Total derivative contracts in a receivable positionTotal derivative contracts in a receivable position1 47 2 50 Total derivative contracts in a receivable position 21 1 22 
Total assetsTotal assets$2,788 $27,406 $9 $30,203 Total assets$2,714 $24,806 $6 $27,526 
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilitiesAccrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable positionDerivative contracts in a payable positionDerivative contracts in a payable position
Foreign currency$ $2 $ $2 
CreditCredit  44 44 Credit$ $ $14 $14 
Equity3   3 
Total derivative contracts in a payable positionTotal derivative contracts in a payable position3 2 44 49 Total derivative contracts in a payable position  14 14 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$3 $2 $44 $49 Total liabilities$ $ $14 $14 
(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 16%12%.
(b)Excludes $41$44 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Recurring fair value measurements
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Investment securities
Equity securities (a) (b)$642 $— $$643 
Available-for-sale securities
Debt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies2,016 — — 2,016 
U.S. States and political subdivisions— 756 760 
Foreign government39 107 — 146 
Agency mortgage-backed residential— 16,633 — 16,633 
Mortgage-backed residential— 4,299 — 4,299 
Agency mortgage-backed commercial— 3,535 — 3,535 
Asset-backed— 433 — 433 
Corporate debt— 1,719 — 1,719 
Total available-for-sale securities2,055 27,482 29,541 
Mortgage loans held-for-sale (c)— 13 — 13 
Finance receivables and loans, net
Consumer other (c)— — 
Other assets
Derivative contracts in a receivable position
Interest rate— 22 — 22 
Equity— — 
Total derivative contracts in a receivable position22 — 23 
Total assets$2,698 $27,517 $$30,223 
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Derivative contracts in a payable position
Foreign currency$— $$— $
Credit— — 39 39 
Equity— — 
Total derivative contracts in a payable position39 42 
Total liabilities$$$39 $42 
(a)Our direct investment in any one industry did not exceed 15%.
(b)Excludes $38 million of equity securities that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient and therefore are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(c)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following tables present the reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We often economically hedge the fair value change of our assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the following tables do not fully reflect the impact of our risk-management activities.
Equity securities (a)Available-for-sale securitiesFinance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)Equity securities (a)Available-for-sale securitiesFinance receivables and loans, net (b)
($ in millions)($ in millions)202320222023202220232022($ in millions)202320222023202220232022
AssetsAssetsAssets
Fair value at January 1,$1 $$4 $$3 $
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Fair value at July 1,Fair value at July 1,$1 $$5 $12 $ $
Net realized/unrealized lossesNet realized/unrealized losses
Included in earningsIncluded in earnings  —  (1)Included in earnings (1) —  — 
Included in OCIIncluded in OCI —  —  — Included in OCI —  —  — 
PurchasesPurchases —   Purchases —   
SalesSales (9) —  — Sales —  —  — 
IssuancesIssuances —  —  — Issuances —  —  — 
SettlementsSettlements —  — (1)(3)Settlements — (1)(11) (5)
Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 3 —  —  — Transfers into Level 3 —  —  — 
Transfers out of Level 3Transfers out of Level 3 —  —  — Transfers out of Level 3 —  —  — 
Fair value at March 31,$1 $$4 $11 $2 $
Net unrealized losses still held at March 31,
Fair value at September 30,Fair value at September 30,$1 $$4 $$ $
Net unrealized gains still held at September 30,Net unrealized gains still held at September 30,
Included in earningsIncluded in earnings$ $— $ $— $ $(1)Included in earnings$ $— $ $— $ $— 
Included in OCIIncluded in OCI —  —  — Included in OCI —  —  — 
(a)Net realized/unrealized gainslosses are reported as other (loss) gain on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.
(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)20232022
LiabilitiesLiabilitiesLiabilities
Fair value at January 1,$39 $53 
Net realized/unrealized losses
Fair value at July 1,Fair value at July 1,$18 $50 
Net realized/unrealized gainsNet realized/unrealized gains
Included in earningsIncluded in earnings Included in earnings(3)(6)
Included in OCIIncluded in OCI  Included in OCI  
PurchasesPurchases  Purchases  
SalesSales — Sales — 
IssuancesIssuances — Issuances — 
SettlementsSettlements — Settlements(5)(2)
Transfers into Level 3Transfers into Level 3 — Transfers into Level 3 — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)Transfers out of Level 3 (b)3 — Transfers out of Level 3 (b)3 
Fair value at March 31,$42 $61 
Net unrealized losses still held at March 31,
Fair value at September 30,Fair value at September 30,$13 $48 
Net unrealized gains still held at September 30,Net unrealized gains still held at September 30,
Included in earningsIncluded in earnings$3 $Included in earnings$ $(1)
Included in OCIIncluded in OCI — Included in OCI — 
(a)Net realized/unrealized lossesgains are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023. This transfer isSeptember 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022. These transfers are deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Equity securities (a)Available-for-sale securitiesFinance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)
($ in millions)202320222023202220232022
Assets
Fair value at January 1,$1 $$4 $$3 $
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses)
Included in earnings  —  (1)
Included in OCI —  —  — 
Purchases — 1  12 
Sales (9) —  — 
Issuances —  —  — 
Settlements — (1)(11)(3)(12)
Transfers into Level 3 —  —  — 
Transfers out of Level 3 —  —  — 
Fair value at September 30,$1 $$4 $$ $
Net unrealized losses still held at September 30,
Included in earnings$ $— $ $— $ $(1)
Included in OCI —  —  — 
(a)Net realized/unrealized gains are reported as other (loss) gain on investments, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Carried at fair value due to fair value option elections.
(c)Net realized/unrealized losses are reported as other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Derivative liabilities, net of derivative assets (a)
($ in millions)20232022
Liabilities
Fair value at January 1,$39 $53 
Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses
Included in earnings(6)
Included in OCI  
Purchases  
Sales — 
Issuances — 
Settlements(30)(12)
Transfers into Level 3 — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (b)10 
Fair value at September 30,$13 $48 
Net unrealized gains still held at September 30,
Included in earnings$(3)$(5)
Included in OCI — 
(a)Net realized/unrealized (gains) losses are reported as gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net, and other income, net of losses, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(b)Represents the settlement value of interest rate derivative assets that are transferred to loans held-for-sale within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022. These transfers are deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nonrecurring Fair Value
We may be required to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from the application of lower-of-cost or fair value accounting or certain impairment measures. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures.
The following tables display assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and still held at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts are generally as of the end of each period presented, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred during each period.
Nonrecurring fair value measurementsLower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustmentsTotal gain (loss) included in earningsNonrecurring fair value measurementsLower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustmentsTotal gain (loss) included in earnings
March 31, 2023 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustmentsTotal gain (loss) included in earnings
AssetsAssetsAssets
Loans held-for-sale, netLoans held-for-sale, net$ $ $500 $500 $ n/m(a)Loans held-for-sale, net$ $ $260 $260 $ n/m(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
AutomotiveAutomotive  73 73 (17)n/m(a)
OtherOther  60 60 (100)n/m(a)Other  78 78 (77)n/m(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, netTotal commercial finance receivables and loans, net  60 60 (100)n/m(a)Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net  151 151 (94)n/m(a)
Other assetsOther assetsOther assets
Nonmarketable equity investments 2 28 30 21 n/m(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)  6 6 (1)n/m(a)Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)  6 6 (1)n/m(a)
Total assetsTotal assets$ $2 $594 $596 $(80)n/mTotal assets$ $ $417 $417 $(95)n/m
n/m = not meaningful
(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.
(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.
(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.
Nonrecurring fair value measurementsLower-of-cost-or-fair-value reserve, valuation reserve, or cumulative adjustmentsTotal gain (loss) included in earnings
December 31, 2022 ($ in millions)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Loans held-for-sale, net$— $— $641 $641 $— n/m(a)
Commercial finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Automotive— — — n/m(a)
Other— — 39 39 (89)n/m(a)
Total commercial finance receivables and loans, net— — 42 42 (89)n/m(a)
Other assets
Nonmarketable equity investments— — 12 12 n/m(a)
Repossessed and foreclosed assets (c)— — — n/m(a)
Total assets$— $— $700 $700 $(86)n/m
n/m = not meaningful
(a)We consider the applicable valuation allowance, allowance for loan losses, or cumulative adjustments to be the most relevant indicator of the impact on earnings caused by the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the table above excludes total gains and losses included in earnings for these items. The carrying values are inclusive of the respective valuation reserve, loan loss allowance, or cumulative adjustment.
(b)Represents collateral-dependent loans held for investment for which a nonrecurring measurement was made. The related allowance for loan losses represents the cumulative fair value adjustments for those specific receivables.
(c)The allowance provided for repossessed and foreclosed assets represents any cumulative valuation adjustment recognized to adjust the assets to fair value.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets
We elected the fair value option for an insignificant amount of conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale and certain personal lending finance receivables. We elected the fair value option for conforming mortgage loans held-for-sale to mitigate earnings volatility by better matching the accounting for the assets with the related derivatives. We elected the fair value option for certain personal lending finance receivables to mitigate the complexities of recording these loans at amortized cost. Our intent in electing fair value measurement was to mitigate a divergence between accounting gains or losses and economic exposure for certain assets and liabilities.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of financial instruments, except for those recorded at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the previous section of this note titled Recurring Fair Value. When possible, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is internally derived based on appropriate valuation methodologies with respect to the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting current market data to develop the market assumptions and inputs necessary to estimate fair value. As such, the actual amount received to sell an asset or the amount paid to settle a liability could differ from our estimates. Fair value information presented herein was based on information available at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Estimated fair valueEstimated fair value
($ in millions)($ in millions)Carrying valueLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total($ in millions)Carrying valueLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
March 31, 2023
September 30, 2023September 30, 2023
Financial assetsFinancial assetsFinancial assets
Held-to-maturity securitiesHeld-to-maturity securities$1,047 $ $891 $ $891 Held-to-maturity securities$1,013 $ $779 $ $779 
Loans held-for-sale, netLoans held-for-sale, net500   500 500 Loans held-for-sale, net260   260 260 
Finance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, net132,551   134,325 134,325 Finance receivables and loans, net136,423   137,008 137,008 
FHLB/FRB stock (a)FHLB/FRB stock (a)720  720  720 FHLB/FRB stock (a)757  757  757 
Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities
Deposit liabilitiesDeposit liabilities$52,311 $ $ $52,251 $52,251 Deposit liabilities$53,486 $ $ $53,329 $53,329 
Short-term borrowingsShort-term borrowings1,455   1,487 1,487 Short-term borrowings2,410   2,418 2,418 
Long-term debtLong-term debt20,480  14,044 6,890 20,934 Long-term debt20,096  14,216 6,192 20,408 
December 31, 2022December 31, 2022December 31, 2022
Financial assetsFinancial assetsFinancial assets
Held-to-maturity securitiesHeld-to-maturity securities$1,062 $— $884 $— $884 Held-to-maturity securities$1,062 $— $884 $— $884 
Loans held-for-sale, netLoans held-for-sale, net641 — — 641 641 Loans held-for-sale, net641 — — 641 641 
Finance receivables and loans, netFinance receivables and loans, net132,034 — — 133,856 133,856 Finance receivables and loans, net132,034 — — 133,856 133,856 
FHLB/FRB stock (a)FHLB/FRB stock (a)719 — 719 — 719 FHLB/FRB stock (a)719 — 719 — 719 
Financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities
Deposit liabilitiesDeposit liabilities$42,336 $— $— $41,909 $41,909 Deposit liabilities$42,336 $— $— $41,909 $41,909 
Short-term borrowingsShort-term borrowings2,399 — — 2,417 2,417 Short-term borrowings2,399 — — 2,417 2,417 
Long-term debtLong-term debt17,762 — 12,989 5,263 18,252 Long-term debt17,762 — 12,989 5,263 18,252 
(a)Included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In addition to the financial instruments presented in the above table, we have various financial instruments for which the carrying value approximates the fair value due to their short-term nature and limited credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, cash collateral, accrued interest receivable, accrued interest payable, trade receivables and payables, and other short-term receivables and payables. Included in cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal. Classified as Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy, cash and cash equivalents generally expose us to limited credit risk and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
21.    Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Our derivative contracts and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions are generally supported by qualifying master netting and master repurchase agreements. These agreements are legally enforceable bilateral agreements that (i) create a single legal obligation for all individual transactions covered by the agreement to the nondefaulting entity upon an event of default of the counterparty, including bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding, and (ii) provide the nondefaulting entity the right to accelerate, terminate, and close-out on a net basis all transactions under the agreement and to liquidate or set off collateral promptly upon an event of default of the counterparty.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default related to derivative instruments, we maintain collateral agreements with certain counterparties. The agreements require both parties to maintain collateral in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments meet established thresholds. In the event that either party defaults on the obligation, the secured party may seize the collateral. Generally, our collateral arrangements are bilateral such that we and the counterparty post collateral for the obligation. Contractual terms provide for standard and customary exchange of collateral based on changes in the market value of the outstanding derivatives. A party posts additional collateral when their obligation rises or removes collateral when it falls, such that the net replacement cost of the nondefaulting party is covered in the event of counterparty default.
In certain instances, as it relates to our derivative instruments, we have the option to report derivative assets and liabilities as well as assets and liabilities associated with cash collateral received or delivered that is governed by a master netting agreement on a net basis as long as certain qualifying criteria are met. Similarly, for our repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions, we have the option to report recognized assets and liabilities subject to a master netting agreement on a net basis if certain qualifying criteria are met. At March 31,September 30, 2023, these instruments are reported as gross assets and gross liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For additional information on derivative instruments and hedging activities, refer to Note 18.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The composition of offsetting derivative instruments, financial assets, and financial liabilities was as follows.
Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilitiesGross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetNet amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetGross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)Financial instrumentsCollateral (a) (b) (c)Net amount
March 31, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets in net asset positions$47 $ $47 $ $(47)$ 
Derivative assets in net liability positions1  1 (1)  
Derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements2  2   2 
Total assets$50 $ $50 $(1)$(47)$2 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities in net liability positions$5 $ $5 $(1)$(4)$ 
Derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements44  44   44 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (d)755  755  (755) 
Total liabilities$804 $ $804 $(1)$(759)$44 
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets in net asset positions$23 $— $23 $(1)$(22)$— 
Total assets$23 $— $23 $(1)$(22)$— 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities in net liability positions$$— $$— $(1)$
Derivative liabilities in net asset positions— (1)— — 
Derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements39 — 39 — — 39 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (d)499 — 499 — (499)— 
Total liabilities$541 $— $541 $(1)$(500)$40 
Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilitiesGross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetNet amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance SheetGross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
($ in millions)Financial instrumentsCollateral (a) (b) (c)Net amount
September 30, 2023
Assets
Derivative assets (d)$22 $ $22 $ $(20)$2 
Total assets$22 $ $22 $ $(20)$2 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)$14 $ $14 $ $ $14 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)735  735  (735) 
Total liabilities$749 $ $749 $ $(735)$14 
December 31, 2022
Assets
Derivative assets$23 $— $23 $(1)$(22)$— 
Total assets$23 $— $23 $(1)$(22)$— 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities (e)$42 $— $42 $(1)$(1)$40 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (f)499 — 499 — (499)— 
Total liabilities$541 $— $541 $(1)$(500)$40 
(a)Financial collateral received/pledged shown as a balance based on the sum of all net asset and liability positions between Ally and each individual derivative counterparty.
(b)Amounts disclosed are limited to the financial asset or liability balance and, accordingly, exclude excess collateral received or pledged and noncash collateral received. We do not record noncash collateral received on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet unless certain conditions are met.
(c)Certain agreements grant us the right to sell or pledge the noncash assets we receive as collateral. We have not sold or pledged any of the noncash collateral received under these agreements.
(d)Includes derivative assets with no offsetting arrangements of $2 million as of September 30, 2023.
(e)Includes derivative liabilities with no offsetting arrangements of $14 million and $39 million as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(f)For additional information on securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 12.
22.    Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activity from which revenues are earned and expenses incurred for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
We report our results of operations on a business-line basis through four operating segments: Automotive Finance operations, Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance operations, and Corporate Finance operations, with the remaining activity reported in Corporate and Other. The
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
operating segments are determined based on the products and services offered, and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. The following is a description of each of our reportable operating segments.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Dealer Financial Services
Dealer Financial Services comprises the following two segments.
Automotive Finance operations — One of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the United States providing automotive financing services to consumers, automotive dealers and retailers, companies, and municipalities. Our automotive finance services include providing retail installment sales contracts, loans and operating leases, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and other lines of credit to dealers, warehouse lines to automotive retailers, fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and vehicle-remarketing services.
Insurance operations — A complementary automotive-focused business offering both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer financial and insurance products, we provide VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. We also underwrite select commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ vehicle inventory.
Mortgage Finance operations
Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties. Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel.
Corporate Finance operations
Our Corporate Finance operations provide senior secured leveraged asset-based and cash flow loans to mostly U.S.-based middle-market companies, with a focus on businesses owned by private equity sponsors. These loans are typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. We also provide, through our Lender Finance business, nonbank wholesale-funded managers with partial funding for their direct-lending activities, which is principally leveraged loans. Additionally, we offer a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to serve companies, primarily in the healthcare industry.skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities, such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock—as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business—and the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Financial results related to Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice (formerly known as wealth managementmanagement) offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, and CRA loans and related investments are also included within Corporate and Other.
We utilize an FTP methodology for the majority of our business operations. The FTP methodology assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities on a match funded basis, aligned with the expected duration and the benchmark rate curve plus an assumed credit spread. Match funding allocates interest income and interest expense to these reportable segments so their respective results are insulated from interest rate risk. This methodology is consistent with our ALM practices, which includes managing interest rate risk centrally at a corporate level. The net residual impact of the FTP methodology is included within the results of Corporate and Other.
The information presented in our reportable operating segments is based in part on internal allocations and methodologies, including a COH methodology, which involves management judgment. COH methodology is used for measuring the profit and loss of our reportable operating segments. We have various enterprise functions, such as technology, marketing, finance, compliance, internal audit, and risk. Operating expenses from the enterprise functions are either directly allocated to the reportable operating segment, indirectly allocated to the reportable operating segment utilizing the COH methodology, or remain in Corporate and Other. COH methodology considers the reportable operating segment expense base and enterprise function expenses. The reportable operating segment expense base is used to determine the allocation mix. This mix is applied to the allocable expenses in Corporate and Other to determine the COH for the respective reportable operating segment. Allocable enterprise function costs are primarily technology and marketing expenses. Generally, costs that remain within Corporate and Other that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments include marketing sponsorships, treasury and other corporate activities, and charitable contributions.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
202320232023
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income$1,322 $26 $54 $103 $97 $1,602 Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,360 $29 $53 $97 $(6)$1,533 
Other revenueOther revenue77 381 4 29 7 498 Other revenue79 293 4 24 35 435 
Total net revenueTotal net revenue1,399 407 58 132 104 2,100 Total net revenue1,439 322 57 121 29 1,968 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses351  (1)15 81 446 Provision for credit losses444  (2)5 61 508 
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense606 315 38 45 262 1,266 Total noninterest expense618 338 33 32 211 1,232 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense$442 $92 $21 $72 $(239)$388 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expenseIncome (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$377 $(16)$26 $84 $(243)$228 
Total assetsTotal assets$111,960 $8,867 $19,290 $10,226 $45,822 $196,165 Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
202220222022
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income$1,295 $17 $53 $83 $245 $1,693 Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,303 $24 $57 $80 $255 $1,719 
Other revenue68 270 14 24 66 442 
Other revenue (loss)Other revenue (loss)74 236 54 (74)297 
Total net revenueTotal net revenue1,363 287 67 107 311 2,135 Total net revenue1,377 260 64 134 181 2,016 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses104 — — 57 167 Provision for credit losses328 — 13 95 438 
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense534 274 56 37 221 1,122 Total noninterest expense561 290 43 30 237 1,161 
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense$725 $13 $11 $64 $33 $846 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expenseIncome (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$488 $(30)$19 $91 $(151)$417 
Total assetsTotal assets$105,754 $9,220 $18,596 $8,086 $42,641 $184,297 Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $1.2$1.0 billion and $1.5$1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income$4,031 $84 $160 $292 $141 $4,708 
Other revenue239 1,011 13 81 95 1,439 
Total net revenue4,270 1,095 173 373 236 6,147 
Provision for credit losses1,126  (3)35 223 1,381 
Total noninterest expense1,824 1,011 108 110 694 3,747 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,320 $84 $68 $228 $(681)$1,019 
Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income$3,899 $61 $166 $240 $810 $5,176 
Other revenue214 664 25 97 51 1,051 
Total net revenue4,113 725 191 337 861 6,227 
Provision for credit losses660 — 27 220 909 
Total noninterest expense1,640 864 153 95 669 3,421 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,813 $(139)$36 $215 $(28)$1,897 
Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $3.3 billion and $4.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
23.    Contingencies and Other Risks
As a financial-services company, we are regularly involved in pending or threatened legal proceedings and other matters and are or may be subject to potential liability in connection with them. These legal matters may be formal or informal and include litigation and arbitration with one or more identified claimants, certified or purported class actions with yet-to-be-identified claimants, and regulatory or other governmental information-gathering requests, examinations, investigations, and enforcement proceedings. Our legal matters exist in varying stages of adjudication, arbitration, negotiation, or investigation and span our business lines and operations. Claims may be based in law or equity—such as those arising under contracts or in tort and those involving banking, consumer-protection, securities, tax, employment, and other laws—and some can present novel legal theories and allege substantial or indeterminate damages.
Ally and its subsidiaries, including Ally Bank, also are or may be subject to potential liability under other contingent exposures, including indemnification, tax, self-insurance, and other miscellaneous contingencies.
We accrue for a legal matter or other contingent exposure when a loss becomes probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are evaluated each quarter and may be adjusted, upward or downward, based on our best judgment after consultation with counsel. No assurance exists that our accruals will not need to be adjusted in the future. When a probable or reasonably possible loss on a legal matter or other contingent exposure could be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, we provide disclosure in this note as prescribed by ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our policy for establishing accruals.
The course and outcome of legal matters are inherently unpredictable. This is especially so when a matter is still in its early stages, the damages sought are indeterminate or unsupported, significant facts are unclear or disputed, novel questions of law or other meaningful legal uncertainties exist, a request to certify a proceeding as a class action is outstanding or granted, multiple parties are named, or regulatory or other governmental entities are involved. Other contingent exposures and their ultimate resolution are similarly unpredictable for reasons that can vary based on the circumstances.
As a result, we often are unable to determine how or when threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures will be resolved and what losses may be incrementally and ultimately incurred. Actual losses may be higher or lower than any amounts accrued or estimated for those matters and other exposures, possibly to a significant degree.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Subject to the foregoing, based on our current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, we do not believe that the ultimate outcomes of currently threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures are likely to be material to our consolidated financial condition after taking into account existing accruals. In light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters and other exposures, however, one or more of them could be material to our results of operations or cash flows during a particular reporting period, depending on factors such as the amount of the loss or liability and the level of our income for that period.
24.    Subsequent Events
Declaration of Common Dividend
On April 14,October 9, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock. The dividend is payable on MayNovember 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on MayNovember 1, 2023.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Notice about Forward-Looking Statements and Other Terms
From time to time we have made, and in the future will make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “pursue,” “seek,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “potential,” “target,” “objective,” “trend,” “plan,” “goal,” “initiative,” “priorities,” or other words of comparable meaning or future-tense or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” or “could.” Forward-looking statements convey our expectations, intentions, or forecasts about future events, circumstances, or results.
This report, including any information incorporated by reference in this report, contains forward-looking statements. We also may make forward-looking statements in other documents that are filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to investors, analysts, members of the media, or others.
All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which may change over time and many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a prediction or guarantee about the future. Actual future objectives, strategies, plans, prospects, performance, conditions, or results may differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statement. While no list of assumptions, risks, or uncertainties could be complete, some of the factors that may cause actual results or other future events or circumstances to differ from those in forward-looking statements include:
evolving local, regional, national, or international business, economic, or political conditions;
changes in laws or the regulatory or supervisory environment, including as a result of financial-services legislation, regulation, or policies or changes in government officials or other personnel;
changes in monetary, fiscal, or trade laws or policies, including as a result of actions by governmental agencies, central banks, or supranational authorities;
changes in accounting standards or policies;
changes in the automotive industry or the markets for new or used vehicles, including the rise of vehicle sharing and ride hailing, the development of autonomous and alternative-energy vehicles, and the impact of demographic shifts on attitudes and behaviors toward vehicle type, ownership, and use;
any instability or breakdown in the financial system, including as a result of the failure of a financial institution or other participant in it;
disruptions or shifts in investor sentiment or behavior in the securities, capital, or other financial markets, including financial or systemic shocks and volatility or changes in market liquidity, interest or currency rates, or valuations;
the discontinuation of LIBOR and any negative impacts that could result;
changes in business or consumer sentiment, preferences, or behavior, including spending, borrowing, or saving by businesses or households;
changes in our corporate or business strategies, the composition of our assets, or the way in which we fund those assets;
our ability to execute our business strategy for Ally Bank, including its digital focus;
our ability to optimize our automotive finance and insurance businesses and to continue diversifying into and growing other consumer and commercial business lines, including mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending, credit cards, corporate finance, brokerage, and wealth management;personal advice;
our ability to develop capital plans acceptable to the FRB and our ability to implement them, including any payment of dividends or share repurchases;
our ability to conduct appropriate stress tests and effectively plan for and manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk-management standards, and regulatory or supervisory requirements or expectations;
our ability to cost-effectively fund our business and operations, including through deposits and the capital markets;
changes in any credit rating assigned to Ally, including Ally Bank;
adverse publicity or other reputational harm to us, our service providers, or our senior officers;
our ability to develop, maintain, or market our products or services or to absorb unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with those products or services;
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our ability to innovate, to anticipate the needs of current or future customers, to successfully compete, to increase or hold market share in changing competitive environments, or to deal with pricing or other competitive pressures;
the continuing profitability and viability of our dealer-centric automotive finance and insurance businesses, especially in the face of competition from captive finance companies and their automotive manufacturing sponsors and challenges to the dealer’s role as intermediary between manufacturers and purchasers;
our ability to appropriately underwrite loans that we originate or purchase and to otherwise manage credit risk;
changes in the credit, liquidity, or other financial condition of our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors;
our ability to effectively deal with economic, business, or market slowdowns or disruptions;
our ability to address heightened scrutiny and expectations from supervisory or other governmental authorities and to timely and credibly remediate related concerns or deficiencies;
judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, disputes, or rulings that create uncertainty for, or are adverse to, us or the financial services industry;
the potential outcomes of judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, or disputes to which we are or may be subject, and our ability to absorb and address any damages or other remedies that are sought or awarded, and any collateral consequences;
the performance and availability of third-party service providers on whom we rely in delivering products and services to our customers and otherwise conducting our business and operations;
our ability to manage and mitigate security risks, including our capacity to withstand cyberattacks;
our ability to maintain secure and functional financial, accounting, technology, data processing, or other operating systems or infrastructure;
the adequacy of our corporate governance, risk-management framework, compliance programs, or internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to control lapses or deficiencies in financial reporting or to effectively mitigate or manage operational risk;
the efficacy of our methods or models in assessing business strategies or opportunities or in valuing, measuring, estimating, monitoring, or managing positions or risk;
our ability to keep pace with changes in technology that affect us or our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors or to maintain rights or interests in associated intellectual property;
our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions;
the adequacy of our succession planning for key executives or other personnel and our ability to attract or retain qualified employees;
natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events, cyber-warfare, and pandemics (such as adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our customers, counterparties, employees, and service providers);
our ability to maintain appropriate ESG practices, oversight, and disclosures;
policies and other actions of governments to manage and mitigate climate and related environmental risks, and the effects of climate change or the transition to a lower-carbon economy on our business, operations, and reputation; or
other assumptions, risks, or uncertainties described in the Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A herein), Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part I, Item 2 herein), or the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 herein) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or described in any of the Company’s annual, quarterly or current reports.
Any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf speaks only as of the date that it was made. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances, or results that arise after the date that the statement was made, except as required by applicable securities laws. You, however, should consult further disclosures (including disclosures of a forward-looking nature) that we may make in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Current Report on Form 8-K.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions apply. The term “loans” means the following consumer and commercial products associated with our direct and indirect financing activities: loans, retail installment sales contracts, lines of credit, and other financing products excluding operating leases. The term “operating leases” means consumer- and commercial-vehicle lease agreements where Ally is the lessor and the lessee is generally not obligated to acquire ownership of the vehicle at lease-end or compensate Ally for the
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vehicle’s residual value. The terms “lend,” “finance,” and “originate” mean our direct extension or origination of loans, our purchase or acquisition of loans, or our purchase of operating leases as applicable. The term “consumer” means all consumer products associated with our loan and operating-lease activities and all commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “commercial” means all commercial products associated with our loan activities, other than commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “partnerships” means business arrangements rather than partnerships as defined by law.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Overview
Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.
Primary Business Lines
Dealer Financial Services, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance, and Corporate Finance are our primary business lines. The remaining activity is reported in Corporate and Other, which primarily consists of centralized treasury activities as well as Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth managementpersonal advice offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and related investments, and certain strategic investments. The following table summarizes the operating results excluding discontinued operations of each business line. Operating results for each of the business lines are more fully described in the MD&A sections that follow.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Total net revenueTotal net revenueTotal net revenue
Dealer Financial ServicesDealer Financial ServicesDealer Financial Services
Automotive FinanceAutomotive Finance$1,399 $1,363 3Automotive Finance$1,439 $1,377 5$4,270 $4,113 4
InsuranceInsurance407 287 42Insurance322 260 241,095 725 51
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance58 67 (13)Mortgage Finance57 64 (11)173 191 (9)
Corporate FinanceCorporate Finance132 107 23Corporate Finance121 134 (10)373 337 11
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other104 311 (67)Corporate and Other29 181 (84)236 861 (73)
TotalTotal$2,100 $2,135 (2)Total$1,968 $2,016 (2)$6,147 $6,227 (1)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expenseIncome (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expenseIncome (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense
Dealer Financial ServicesDealer Financial ServicesDealer Financial Services
Automotive FinanceAutomotive Finance$442 $725 (39)Automotive Finance$377 $488 (23)$1,320 $1,813 (27)
InsuranceInsurance92 13 n/mInsurance(16)(30)4784 (139)160
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance21 11 91Mortgage Finance26 19 3768 36 89
Corporate FinanceCorporate Finance72 64 13Corporate Finance84 91 (8)228 215 6
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other(239)33 n/mCorporate and Other(243)(151)(61)(681)(28)n/m
TotalTotal$388 $846 (54)Total$228 $417 (45)$1,019 $1,897 (46)
n/m = not meaningful
Our Dealer Financial Services business is one of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the country and offers a wide range of financial services and insurance products to automotive dealerships and their customers. Dealer Financial Services comprises our Automotive Finance and Insurance segments.
Our Automotive Finance operations include purchasing retail installment sales contracts and operating leases from dealers and automotive retailers, extending automotive loans directly to consumers, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and providing other lines of credit to dealers, supplying warehouse lines to automotive retailers, offering automotive-fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and supplying vehicle-remarketing services. Our dealer-centric business model, value-added products and services, full-spectrum financing, and business expertise proven over many credit cycles make us a premier automotive finance company. Our success as an automotive financeautomotive-finance provider is driven by the consistent and broad range of products and services we offer to dealers and automotive retailers. The automotive marketplace is dynamic and evolving, including substantial investments in electrification by automobile manufacturers and suppliers. We remain focused on meeting the needs of both our dealer and consumer customers, and continuing to strengthen and expand upon our approximately 22,700 dealer relationships. We continue to identify and cultivate relationships with automotive retailers, including those with leading eCommercee-commerce platforms. We also operate an online direct-lending platform for consumers seeking direct financing. We believe these actions will enable us to respond to the growing trends for a more streamlined and digital automotive financing process to serve both dealers and consumers. Additionally, we provide comprehensive automotive remarketing services, including the use of SmartAuction, our online auction platform, which efficiently supports dealer-to-dealer
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and other commercial wholesale vehicle transactions. SmartAuction provides diversified fee-based revenue and serves as a means of deepening relationships with our dealership customers. Furthermore, our strong and expansive dealer relationships,
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
comprehensive suite of products and services, full-spectrum financing, and depth of experience position us to evolve with future shifts in automobile technologies, including electrification. We have provided and continue to provide automobile financing for hybridbattery-electric and battery-electricplug-in hybrid vehicles, including brands such as Jeep, Tesla, Ford, and BMW. This positions us to remain a leader in automotive financing as we believe the majority of these vehicles will be sold through dealerships and automotive retailers with whom we have an established relationship. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $606 million of our consumer automotive retail loan originations and purchases, and $482 million of our operating lease originations and purchases, were for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. As of September 30, 2023, $1.1 billion of our consumer automotive finance receivables and loans had battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles as the underlying collateral, and $797 million of our investment in operating leases were battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
We have focused on developing dealer relationships beyond those relationships that primarily were developed through our previous role as a captive finance company for GM and Stellantis. We have established relationships with thousands of automotive dealers through our customer-centric approach and specialized incentive programs designed to drive loyalty amongst dealers to our products and services. Our Growth channel includes brands such as Ford, Nissan,Toyota, Hyundai, Kia, Hyundai, Toyota,Nissan, and Honda, as well as used-vehicle-only retailers with a national presence and online-only automotive retailers. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, approximately 68%71% of our Growth channel dealer relationships were with franchised dealers and dealers with a national presence.
Our Insurance operations offer both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. We serve approximately 2.5 million consumers nationwide across F&I and P&C products. In addition, we offer F&I products in Canada, where we serve more than 400 thousand consumers and are the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada and VSC provider for Subaru Canada. In 2022, we entered into a long-term commitment to continue as the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada.
As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer F&I products, we offer VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. Ally Premier Protection is our flagship VSC offering, which provides coverage for new and used vehicles of virtually all makes and models. We also offerunderwrite ClearGuard on the SmartAuction platform, which is a protection product designed to minimize the risk to dealers from arbitration claims for eligible vehicles sold at auction. We alsoAdditionally, we underwrite selected commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ wholesale vehicle inventory, and offer additional products to protect a dealer’s business, including property and liability coverage that is underwritten by a third-party carrier with a portion of the insurance risk assumed through a quota share agreement. On a smaller scale, we also periodically assume other insurance risks through quota share arrangements and perform services as an underwriting carrier for an insurance program managed by a third-party where we cede the majority of such business to external reinsurance markets.
Our dealer-centric business model, value-added products and services, full-spectrum financing, and business expertise proven over many credit cycles, make us a premier automotive finance and insurance company ready to support and strengthen our approximately 22,300 active dealer relationships as of September 30, 2023. A dealer is considered to have an active relationship with us if we provided automotive financing, remarketing, or insurance services during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Our Mortgage Finance operations consist of the management of held-for-investment and held-for-sale consumer mortgage loan portfolios. Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering, and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties.
Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Under our current arrangement, our direct-to-consumer conforming mortgages are originated as held-for-sale and sold, while jumbo and LMI mortgages are originated as held-for-investment and subserviced by a third party. Loans originated in the direct-to-consumer channel are sourced by existing Ally customer marketing, prospect marketing on third-party websites, and email or direct mail campaigns. In April 2019, we announced a strategic partnership with BMC, which delivers an enhanced end-to-end digital mortgage experience for our customers through our direct-to-consumer channel. Through this partnership, BMC conducts the sales, processing, underwriting, and closing for Ally’s digital mortgage offerings in a highly innovative, scalable, and cost-efficient manner, while Ally retains control of all the marketing and advertising strategies and loan pricing. This partnership with BMC limits operational volatility as the mortgage industry continues to evolve in the current interest rate environment. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we originated $197$731 million of mortgage loans through our direct-to-consumer channel. During 2018, we made a strategic equity investment in the parent of BMC (BMC Holdco) that was subsequently increased in 2019 and 2020. The carrying value of this investment was $19$9 million as of March 31, 2023. This investmentSeptember 30, 2023, is recognized as a nonmarketablewithin equity investment within other assets ofsecurities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is included in Corporate and Other. Refer to Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers, including direct originators and large aggregators who have the financial capacity to support strong representations and warranties, and the industry knowledge and experience to originate high-quality assets. Bulk purchases are made on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel. During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we purchased $2$14 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties. Our mortgage loan purchases are held-for-investment.
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The combination of our direct-to-consumer strategy and bulk portfolio purchase program provides the capacity to expand revenue sources and further grow and diversify our finance receivable portfolio with an attractive asset class while also deepening relationships with existing Ally customers.
Our Corporate Finance operations primarily offer senior-secured loans to private equity sponsor-owned U.S.-based middle-market companies and to well-established asset managers that mostly provide leveraged loans. The portfolio is composed of floating-rate leveraged asset-based and cash flow/enterprise value loans. Our Sponsor Finance business focuses on companies owned by private-
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equityprivate-equity sponsors with loans typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. Additionally, our Lender Finance business provides asset managers with facilities to partially fund their direct-lending activities. We also provide a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes activity related to certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock, as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, CRA loans and related investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment, are also included in Corporate and Other.
Corporate and Other includes the results of Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and wealth managementpersonal advice offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost investing. The digital wealth managementpersonal advice business aligns with our strategy to create a premier digital financial services company and provides additional sources of fee income through asset management and certain other fees, with minimal balance sheet utilization. This business also provides an additional source of low-cost deposits through arrangements with Ally Invest’s clearing broker.
Information related to our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Lending, is also included within Corporate and Other. Ally Lending primarily serves medicalhome improvement and home improvementmedical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. The home improvement vertical had originations of $252$851 million during the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2023, and now represents approximately 57%68% of new originations. Point-of-sale lending broadens our capabilities, and expands our product offering into consumer unsecured personal lending, all while helping to further meet the financial needs of our customers.
Financial information related to our credit card business, Ally Credit Card, is included within Corporate and Other. Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform and features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. We believe Ally Credit Card enhances our ability to grow and deepen both new and existing customer relationships.
On October 24, 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a final rule that significantly amends their CRA regulations. Although the effective date of the rule is April 1, 2024, the applicability date for the majority of its provisions is January 1, 2026. We are still evaluating the rule and its impact, but our CRA strategy and program may be adversely affected by it.
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Consolidated ResultsDealer Financial Services
Dealer Financial Services comprises the following two segments.
Automotive Finance operations— One of Operationsthe largest full-service automotive finance operations in the United States providing automotive financing services to consumers, automotive dealers and retailers, companies, and municipalities. Our automotive finance services include providing retail installment sales contracts, loans and operating leases, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and other lines of credit to dealers, warehouse lines to automotive retailers, fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and vehicle-remarketing services.
Insurance operations — A complementary automotive-focused business offering both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer financial and insurance products, we provide VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. We also underwrite select commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ vehicle inventory.
Mortgage Finance operations
Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties. Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel.
Corporate Finance operations
Our Corporate Finance operations provide senior secured leveraged asset-based and cash flow loans to mostly U.S.-based middle-market companies, with a focus on businesses owned by private equity sponsors. These loans are typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. We also provide, through our Lender Finance business, nonbank wholesale-funded managers with partial funding for their direct-lending activities, which is principally leveraged loans. Additionally, we offer a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities, such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock—as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business—and the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Financial results related to Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice (formerly known as wealth management) offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, and CRA loans and investments are also included within Corporate and Other.
We utilize an FTP methodology for the majority of our business operations. The FTP methodology assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities on a match funded basis, aligned with the expected duration and the benchmark rate curve plus an assumed credit spread. Match funding allocates interest income and interest expense to these reportable segments so their respective results are insulated from interest rate risk. This methodology is consistent with our ALM practices, which includes managing interest rate risk centrally at a corporate level. The net residual impact of the FTP methodology is included within the results of Corporate and Other.
The following table summarizesinformation presented in our consolidatedreportable operating resultssegments is based in part on internal allocations and methodologies, including a COH methodology, which involves management judgment. COH methodology is used for measuring the periods shown. Referprofit and loss of our reportable operating segments. We have various enterprise functions, such as technology, marketing, finance, compliance, internal audit, and risk. Operating expenses from the enterprise functions are either directly allocated to the reportable operating segment, sections ofindirectly allocated to the MD&A that follows for a more complete discussion ofreportable operating results by business line.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Total financing revenue and other interest income$3,286 $2,311 42
Total interest expense1,458 401 n/m
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets226 217 (4)
Net financing revenue and other interest income1,602 1,693 (5)
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned306 280 9
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net4 14 (71)
Other gain on investments, net74 n/m
Other income, net of losses114 143 (20)
Total other revenue498 442 13
Total net revenue2,100 2,135 (2)
Provision for credit losses446 167 (167)
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense537 493 (9)
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses88 58 (52)
Other operating expenses641 571 (12)
Total noninterest expense1,266 1,122 (13)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense388 846 (54)
Income tax expense from continuing operations68 191 64
Net income from continuing operations$320 $655 (51)
Financial ratios:
Return on average assets (a)0.67 %1.46 %n/m
Return on average equity (a)9.60 %16.44 %n/m
Equity to assets (a)7.01 %8.88 %n/m
Common dividend payout ratio (b)31.25 %16.04 %n/m
n/m = not meaningful
(a)segment utilizing the COH methodology, or remain in Corporate and Other. COH methodology considers the reportable operating segment expense base and enterprise function expenses. The ratios were based on average assetsreportable operating segment expense base is used to determine the allocation mix. This mix is applied to the allocable expenses in Corporate and average total equity using an average daily balance methodology.
(b)The common dividend payout ratio was calculated using basic earnings per common share.
We earned net income from continuing operations of $320 millionOther to determine the COH for the three months ended March 31, 2023, comparedrespective reportable operating segment. Allocable enterprise function costs are primarily technology and marketing expenses. Generally, costs that remain within Corporate and Other that are not allocated to $655 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, results were favorably impacted by higher total financing revenueour reportable operating segments include marketing sponsorships, treasury and other interest income, as well as higher gain on investments, net. These items were more than offset by higher interest expense, provision for credit losses,corporate activities, and noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Net financing revenue and other interest income decreased $91 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. Consumer automotive revenue increased as higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions contributed to the increase in revenue, as well as higher average consumer assets resulting from growth in the used-vehicle portfolio, primarily through franchised dealers and national retailers. Additionally, commercial automotive revenue increased due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as well as higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply. These increases were more than offset by higher interest expense. We experienced higher interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, in response to higher benchmark interest rates, which increased our cost of funds associated with our deposit liabilities.
Other gain on investments, net was $74 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily driven by $64 million of unrealized gains on equity securities, consistent with broader stock market performance, as compared to the three monthscharitable contributions.
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ended March 31, 2022, which included $65 million of unrealized losses. This was partially offset by realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities and equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022, that did not reoccur.Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.
Other income, net of losses decreased $29 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to losses related to certain equity-method investments during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,360 $29 $53 $97 $(6)$1,533 
Other revenue79 293 4 24 35 435 
Total net revenue1,439 322 57 121 29 1,968 
Provision for credit losses444  (2)5 61 508 
Total noninterest expense618 338 33 32 211 1,232 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$377 $(16)$26 $84 $(243)$228 
Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,303 $24 $57 $80 $255 $1,719 
Other revenue (loss)74 236 54 (74)297 
Total net revenue1,377 260 64 134 181 2,016 
Provision for credit losses328 — 13 95 438 
Total noninterest expense561 290 43 30 237 1,161 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$488 $(30)$19 $91 $(151)$417 
Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
The(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses increased $279 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily driven by higher net charge-offs across our consumer portfolios. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Noninterest expense wastotaled $1.0 billion and $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to $1.1and 2022, respectively.
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income$4,031 $84 $160 $292 $141 $4,708 
Other revenue239 1,011 13 81 95 1,439 
Total net revenue4,270 1,095 173 373 236 6,147 
Provision for credit losses1,126  (3)35 223 1,381 
Total noninterest expense1,824 1,011 108 110 694 3,747 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,320 $84 $68 $228 $(681)$1,019 
Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income$3,899 $61 $166 $240 $810 $5,176 
Other revenue214 664 25 97 51 1,051 
Total net revenue4,113 725 191 337 861 6,227 
Provision for credit losses660 — 27 220 909 
Total noninterest expense1,640 864 153 95 669 3,421 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,813 $(139)$36 $215 $(28)$1,897 
Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $3.3 billion and $4.3 billion for the threenine months ended March 31, 2022. September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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23.    Contingencies and Other Risks
As a financial-services company, we are regularly involved in pending or threatened legal proceedings and other matters and are or may be subject to potential liability in connection with them. These legal matters may be formal or informal and include litigation and arbitration with one or more identified claimants, certified or purported class actions with yet-to-be-identified claimants, and regulatory or other governmental information-gathering requests, examinations, investigations, and enforcement proceedings. Our legal matters exist in varying stages of adjudication, arbitration, negotiation, or investigation and span our business lines and operations. Claims may be based in law or equity—such as those arising under contracts or in tort and those involving banking, consumer-protection, securities, tax, employment, and other laws—and some can present novel legal theories and allege substantial or indeterminate damages.
Ally and its subsidiaries, including Ally Bank, also are or may be subject to potential liability under other contingent exposures, including indemnification, tax, self-insurance, and other miscellaneous contingencies.
We accrue for a legal matter or other contingent exposure when a loss becomes probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are evaluated each quarter and may be adjusted, upward or downward, based on our best judgment after consultation with counsel. No assurance exists that our accruals will not need to be adjusted in the future. When a probable or reasonably possible loss on a legal matter or other contingent exposure could be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, we provide disclosure in this note as prescribed by ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our policy for establishing accruals.
The increasecourse and outcome of legal matters are inherently unpredictable. This is especially so when a matter is still in its early stages, the damages sought are indeterminate or unsupported, significant facts are unclear or disputed, novel questions of law or other meaningful legal uncertainties exist, a request to certify a proceeding as a class action is outstanding or granted, multiple parties are named, or regulatory or other governmental entities are involved. Other contingent exposures and their ultimate resolution are similarly unpredictable for reasons that can vary based on the three months ended March 31, 2023, was driven by increased expensescircumstances.
As a result, we often are unable to supportdetermine how or when threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures will be resolved and what losses may be incrementally and ultimately incurred. Actual losses may be higher or lower than any amounts accrued or estimated for those matters and other exposures, possibly to a significant degree.
Subject to the growthforegoing, based on our current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, we do not believe that the ultimate outcomes of currently threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures are likely to be material to our consolidated financial condition after taking into account existing accruals. In light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters and other exposures, however, one or more of them could be material to our results of operations or cash flows during a particular reporting period, depending on factors such as the amount of the loss or liability and the level of our consumer product suite and expandincome for that period.
24.    Subsequent Events
Declaration of Common Dividend
On October 9, 2023, our digital capabilities and portfolioBoard declared a quarterly cash dividend of products.
We recognized total income tax expense from continuing operations$0.30 per share on all common stock. The dividend is payable on November 15, 2023, to stockholders of $68 million forrecord at the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to income tax expenseclose of $191 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings.business on November 1, 2023.
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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Notice about Forward-Looking Statements and Other Terms
From time to time we have made, and in the future will make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “pursue,” “seek,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “potential,” “target,” “objective,” “trend,” “plan,” “goal,” “initiative,” “priorities,” or other words of comparable meaning or future-tense or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” or “could.” Forward-looking statements convey our expectations, intentions, or forecasts about future events, circumstances, or results.
This report, including any information incorporated by reference in this report, contains forward-looking statements. We also may make forward-looking statements in other documents that are filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to investors, analysts, members of the media, or others.
All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which may change over time and many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a prediction or guarantee about the future. Actual future objectives, strategies, plans, prospects, performance, conditions, or results may differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statement. While no list of assumptions, risks, or uncertainties could be complete, some of the factors that may cause actual results or other future events or circumstances to differ from those in forward-looking statements include:
evolving local, regional, national, or international business, economic, or political conditions;
changes in laws or the regulatory or supervisory environment, including as a result of financial-services legislation, regulation, or policies or changes in government officials or other personnel;
changes in monetary, fiscal, or trade laws or policies, including as a result of actions by governmental agencies, central banks, or supranational authorities;
changes in accounting standards or policies;
changes in the automotive industry or the markets for new or used vehicles, including the rise of vehicle sharing and ride hailing, the development of autonomous and alternative-energy vehicles, and the impact of demographic shifts on attitudes and behaviors toward vehicle type, ownership, and use;
any instability or breakdown in the financial system, including as a result of the failure of a financial institution or other participant in it;
disruptions or shifts in investor sentiment or behavior in the securities, capital, or other financial markets, including financial or systemic shocks and volatility or changes in market liquidity, interest or currency rates, or valuations;
the discontinuation of LIBOR and any negative impacts that could result;
changes in business or consumer sentiment, preferences, or behavior, including spending, borrowing, or saving by businesses or households;
changes in our corporate or business strategies, the composition of our assets, or the way in which we fund those assets;
our ability to execute our business strategy for Ally Bank, including its digital focus;
our ability to optimize our automotive finance and insurance businesses and to continue diversifying into and growing other consumer and commercial business lines, including mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending, credit cards, corporate finance, brokerage, and personal advice;
our ability to develop capital plans acceptable to the FRB and our ability to implement them, including any payment of dividends or share repurchases;
our ability to conduct appropriate stress tests and effectively plan for and manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk-management standards, and regulatory or supervisory requirements or expectations;
our ability to cost-effectively fund our business and operations, including through deposits and the capital markets;
changes in any credit rating assigned to Ally, including Ally Bank;
adverse publicity or other reputational harm to us, our service providers, or our senior officers;
our ability to develop, maintain, or market our products or services or to absorb unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with those products or services;
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our ability to innovate, to anticipate the needs of current or future customers, to successfully compete, to increase or hold market share in changing competitive environments, or to deal with pricing or other competitive pressures;
the continuing profitability and viability of our dealer-centric automotive finance and insurance businesses, especially in the face of competition from captive finance companies and their automotive manufacturing sponsors and challenges to the dealer’s role as intermediary between manufacturers and purchasers;
our ability to appropriately underwrite loans that we originate or purchase and to otherwise manage credit risk;
changes in the credit, liquidity, or other financial condition of our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors;
our ability to effectively deal with economic, business, or market slowdowns or disruptions;
our ability to address heightened scrutiny and expectations from supervisory or other governmental authorities and to timely and credibly remediate related concerns or deficiencies;
judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, disputes, or rulings that create uncertainty for, or are adverse to, us or the financial services industry;
the potential outcomes of judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, or disputes to which we are or may be subject, and our ability to absorb and address any damages or other remedies that are sought or awarded, and any collateral consequences;
the performance and availability of third-party service providers on whom we rely in delivering products and services to our customers and otherwise conducting our business and operations;
our ability to manage and mitigate security risks, including our capacity to withstand cyberattacks;
our ability to maintain secure and functional financial, accounting, technology, data processing, or other operating systems or infrastructure;
the adequacy of our corporate governance, risk-management framework, compliance programs, or internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to control lapses or deficiencies in financial reporting or to effectively mitigate or manage operational risk;
the efficacy of our methods or models in assessing business strategies or opportunities or in valuing, measuring, estimating, monitoring, or managing positions or risk;
our ability to keep pace with changes in technology that affect us or our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors or to maintain rights or interests in associated intellectual property;
our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions;
the adequacy of our succession planning for key executives or other personnel and our ability to attract or retain qualified employees;
natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events, cyber-warfare, and pandemics (such as adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our customers, counterparties, employees, and service providers);
our ability to maintain appropriate ESG practices, oversight, and disclosures;
policies and other actions of governments to manage and mitigate climate and related environmental risks, and the effects of climate change or the transition to a lower-carbon economy on our business, operations, and reputation; or
other assumptions, risks, or uncertainties described in the Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A herein), Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part I, Item 2 herein), or the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 herein) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or described in any of the Company’s annual, quarterly or current reports.
Any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf speaks only as of the date that it was made. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances, or results that arise after the date that the statement was made, except as required by applicable securities laws. You, however, should consult further disclosures (including disclosures of a forward-looking nature) that we may make in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Current Report on Form 8-K.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions apply. The term “loans” means the following consumer and commercial products associated with our direct and indirect financing activities: loans, retail installment sales contracts, lines of credit, and other financing products excluding operating leases. The term “operating leases” means consumer- and commercial-vehicle lease agreements where Ally is the lessor and the lessee is generally not obligated to acquire ownership of the vehicle at lease-end or compensate Ally for the
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vehicle’s residual value. The terms “lend,” “finance,” and “originate” mean our direct extension or origination of loans, our purchase or acquisition of loans, or our purchase of operating leases as applicable. The term “consumer” means all consumer products associated with our loan and operating-lease activities and all commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “commercial” means all commercial products associated with our loan activities, other than commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “partnerships” means business arrangements rather than partnerships as defined by law.
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Overview
Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.
Primary Business Lines
Dealer Financial Services, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance, and Corporate Finance are our primary business lines. The remaining activity is reported in Corporate and Other, which primarily consists of centralized treasury activities as well as Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and investments, and certain strategic investments. The following table summarizes the operating results excluding discontinued operations of each business line. Operating results for each of the business lines are more fully described in the MD&A sections that follow.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Total net revenue
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance$1,439 $1,377 5$4,270 $4,113 4
Insurance322 260 241,095 725 51
Mortgage Finance57 64 (11)173 191 (9)
Corporate Finance121 134 (10)373 337 11
Corporate and Other29 181 (84)236 861 (73)
Total$1,968 $2,016 (2)$6,147 $6,227 (1)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance$377 $488 (23)$1,320 $1,813 (27)
Insurance(16)(30)4784 (139)160
Mortgage Finance26 19 3768 36 89
Corporate Finance84 91 (8)228 215 6
Corporate and Other(243)(151)(61)(681)(28)n/m
Total$228 $417 (45)$1,019 $1,897 (46)
n/m = not meaningful
Our Dealer Financial Services business is one of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the country and offers a wide range of financial services and insurance products to automotive dealerships and their customers. Dealer Financial Services comprises our Automotive Finance and Insurance segments.
Our Automotive Finance operations include purchasing retail installment sales contracts and operating leases from dealers and automotive retailers, extending automotive loans directly to consumers, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and providing other lines of credit to dealers, supplying warehouse lines to automotive retailers, offering automotive-fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and supplying vehicle-remarketing services. Our success as an automotive-finance provider is driven by the consistent and broad range of products and services we offer to dealers and automotive retailers. The automotive marketplace is dynamic and evolving, including substantial investments in electrification by automobile manufacturers and suppliers. We continue to identify and cultivate relationships with automotive retailers, including those with leading e-commerce platforms. We also operate an online direct-lending platform for consumers seeking direct financing. We believe these actions will enable us to respond to the growing trends for a more streamlined and digital automotive financing process to serve both dealers and consumers. Additionally, we provide comprehensive automotive remarketing services, including the use of SmartAuction, our online auction platform, which efficiently supports dealer-to-dealer and other commercial wholesale vehicle transactions. SmartAuction provides diversified fee-based revenue and serves as a means of deepening relationships with our dealership customers. Furthermore, our strong and expansive dealer relationships,
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comprehensive suite of products and services, full-spectrum financing, and depth of experience position us to evolve with future shifts in automobile technologies, including electrification. We have provided and continue to provide automobile financing for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, including brands such as Jeep, Tesla, Ford, and BMW. This positions us to remain a leader in automotive financing as we believe the majority of these vehicles will be sold through dealerships and automotive retailers with whom we have an established relationship. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $606 million of our consumer automotive retail loan originations and purchases, and $482 million of our operating lease originations and purchases, were for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. As of September 30, 2023, $1.1 billion of our consumer automotive finance receivables and loans had battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles as the underlying collateral, and $797 million of our investment in operating leases were battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
We have focused on developing dealer relationships beyond those relationships that primarily were developed through our previous role as a captive finance company for GM and Stellantis. We have established relationships with thousands of automotive dealers through our customer-centric approach and specialized incentive programs designed to drive loyalty amongst dealers to our products and services. Our Growth channel includes brands such as Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan, and Honda, as well as used-vehicle-only retailers with a national presence and online-only automotive retailers. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 71% of our Growth channel dealer relationships were with franchised dealers and dealers with a national presence.
Our Insurance operations offer both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. We serve approximately 2.5 million consumers nationwide across F&I and P&C products. In addition, we offer F&I products in Canada, where we serve more than 400 thousand consumers and are the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada and VSC provider for Subaru Canada. In 2022, we entered into a long-term commitment to continue as the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada.
As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer F&I products, we offer VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. Ally Premier Protection is our flagship VSC offering, which provides coverage for new and used vehicles of virtually all makes and models. We also underwrite ClearGuard on the SmartAuction platform, which is a protection product designed to minimize the risk to dealers from arbitration claims for eligible vehicles sold at auction. Additionally, we underwrite selected commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ wholesale vehicle inventory, and offer additional products to protect a dealer’s business, including property and liability coverage that is underwritten by a third-party carrier with a portion of the insurance risk assumed through a quota share agreement. On a smaller scale, we also periodically assume other insurance risks through quota share arrangements and perform services as an underwriting carrier for an insurance program managed by a third-party where we cede the majority of such business to external reinsurance markets.
Our dealer-centric business model, value-added products and services, full-spectrum financing, and business expertise proven over many credit cycles, make us a premier automotive finance and insurance company ready to support and strengthen our approximately 22,300 active dealer relationships as of September 30, 2023. A dealer is considered to have an active relationship with us if we provided automotive financing, remarketing, or insurance services during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Our Mortgage Finance operations consist of the management of held-for-investment and held-for-sale consumer mortgage loan portfolios. Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering, and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties.
Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Under our current arrangement, our direct-to-consumer conforming mortgages are originated as held-for-sale and sold, while jumbo and LMI mortgages are originated as held-for-investment and subserviced by a third party. Loans originated in the direct-to-consumer channel are sourced by existing Ally customer marketing, prospect marketing on third-party websites, and email or direct mail campaigns. In April 2019, we announced a strategic partnership with BMC, which delivers an enhanced end-to-end digital mortgage experience for our customers through our direct-to-consumer channel. Through this partnership, BMC conducts the sales, processing, underwriting, and closing for Ally’s digital mortgage offerings in a highly innovative, scalable, and cost-efficient manner, while Ally retains control of all the marketing and advertising strategies and loan pricing. This partnership with BMC limits operational volatility as the mortgage industry continues to evolve in the current interest rate environment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we originated $731 million of mortgage loans through our direct-to-consumer channel. During 2018, we made a strategic equity investment in the parent of BMC (BMC Holdco) that was subsequently increased in 2019 and 2020. The carrying value of this investment was $9 million as of September 30, 2023, is within equity securities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is included in Corporate and Other. Refer to Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers, including direct originators and large aggregators who have the financial capacity to support strong representations and warranties, and the industry knowledge and experience to originate high-quality assets. Bulk purchases are made on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we purchased $14 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties. Our mortgage loan purchases are held-for-investment.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The combination of our direct-to-consumer strategy and bulk portfolio purchase program provides the capacity to expand revenue sources and further grow and diversify our finance receivable portfolio with an attractive asset class while also deepening relationships with existing Ally customers.
Our Corporate Finance operations primarily offer senior-secured loans to private equity sponsor-owned U.S.-based middle-market companies and to well-established asset managers that mostly provide leveraged loans. The portfolio is composed of floating-rate leveraged asset-based and cash flow/enterprise value loans. Our Sponsor Finance business focuses on companies owned by private-equity sponsors with loans typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. Additionally, our Lender Finance business provides asset managers with facilities to partially fund their direct-lending activities. We also provide a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes activity related to certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock, as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, CRA loans and investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment, are also included in Corporate and Other.
Corporate and Other includes the results of Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost investing. The digital personal advice business aligns with our strategy to create a premier digital financial services company and provides additional sources of fee income through asset management and certain other fees, with minimal balance sheet utilization. This business also provides an additional source of low-cost deposits through arrangements with Ally Invest’s clearing broker.
Information related to our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Lending, is also included within Corporate and Other. Ally Lending primarily serves home improvement and medical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. The home improvement vertical had originations of $851 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and now represents approximately 68% of originations. Point-of-sale lending broadens our capabilities, and expands our product offering into consumer unsecured personal lending, all while helping to further meet the financial needs of our customers.
Financial information related to our credit card business, Ally Credit Card, is included within Corporate and Other. Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform and features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. We believe Ally Credit Card enhances our ability to grow and deepen both new and existing customer relationships.
On October 24, 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a final rule that significantly amends their CRA regulations. Although the effective date of the rule is April 1, 2024, the applicability date for the majority of its provisions is January 1, 2026. We are still evaluating the rule and its impact, but our CRA strategy and program may be adversely affected by it.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Dealer Financial Services
Dealer Financial Services comprises the following two segments.
Automotive Finance operations— One of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the United States providing automotive financing services to consumers, automotive dealers and retailers, companies, and municipalities. Our automotive finance services include providing retail installment sales contracts, loans and operating leases, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and other lines of credit to dealers, warehouse lines to automotive retailers, fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and vehicle-remarketing services.
Insurance operations — A complementary automotive-focused business offering both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer financial and insurance products, we provide VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. We also underwrite select commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ vehicle inventory.
Mortgage Finance operations
Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties. Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel.
Corporate Finance operations
Our Corporate Finance operations provide senior secured leveraged asset-based and cash flow loans to mostly U.S.-based middle-market companies, with a focus on businesses owned by private equity sponsors. These loans are typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. We also provide, through our Lender Finance business, nonbank wholesale-funded managers with partial funding for their direct-lending activities, which is principally leveraged loans. Additionally, we offer a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities, such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock—as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business—and the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Financial results related to Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice (formerly known as wealth management) offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, and CRA loans and investments are also included within Corporate and Other.
We utilize an FTP methodology for the majority of our business operations. The FTP methodology assigns charge rates and credit rates to classes of assets and liabilities on a match funded basis, aligned with the expected duration and the benchmark rate curve plus an assumed credit spread. Match funding allocates interest income and interest expense to these reportable segments so their respective results are insulated from interest rate risk. This methodology is consistent with our ALM practices, which includes managing interest rate risk centrally at a corporate level. The net residual impact of the FTP methodology is included within the results of Corporate and Other.
The information presented in our reportable operating segments is based in part on internal allocations and methodologies, including a COH methodology, which involves management judgment. COH methodology is used for measuring the profit and loss of our reportable operating segments. We have various enterprise functions, such as technology, marketing, finance, compliance, internal audit, and risk. Operating expenses from the enterprise functions are either directly allocated to the reportable operating segment, indirectly allocated to the reportable operating segment utilizing the COH methodology, or remain in Corporate and Other. COH methodology considers the reportable operating segment expense base and enterprise function expenses. The reportable operating segment expense base is used to determine the allocation mix. This mix is applied to the allocable expenses in Corporate and Other to determine the COH for the respective reportable operating segment. Allocable enterprise function costs are primarily technology and marketing expenses. Generally, costs that remain within Corporate and Other that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments include marketing sponsorships, treasury and other corporate activities, and charitable contributions.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows.
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,360 $29 $53 $97 $(6)$1,533 
Other revenue79 293 4 24 35 435 
Total net revenue1,439 322 57 121 29 1,968 
Provision for credit losses444  (2)5 61 508 
Total noninterest expense618 338 33 32 211 1,232 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$377 $(16)$26 $84 $(243)$228 
Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,303 $24 $57 $80 $255 $1,719 
Other revenue (loss)74 236 54 (74)297 
Total net revenue1,377 260 64 134 181 2,016 
Provision for credit losses328 — 13 95 438 
Total noninterest expense561 290 43 30 237 1,161 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$488 $(30)$19 $91 $(151)$417 
Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $1.0 billion and $1.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Automotive Finance operationsInsurance operationsMortgage Finance operationsCorporate Finance operationsCorporate and OtherConsolidated (a)
2023
Net financing revenue and other interest income$4,031 $84 $160 $292 $141 $4,708 
Other revenue239 1,011 13 81 95 1,439 
Total net revenue4,270 1,095 173 373 236 6,147 
Provision for credit losses1,126  (3)35 223 1,381 
Total noninterest expense1,824 1,011 108 110 694 3,747 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,320 $84 $68 $228 $(681)$1,019 
Total assets$114,742 $8,736 $18,745 $10,749 $42,732 $195,704 
2022
Net financing revenue and other interest income$3,899 $61 $166 $240 $810 $5,176 
Other revenue214 664 25 97 51 1,051 
Total net revenue4,113 725 191 337 861 6,227 
Provision for credit losses660 — 27 220 909 
Total noninterest expense1,640 864 153 95 669 3,421 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense$1,813 $(139)$36 $215 $(28)$1,897 
Total assets$109,114 $8,533 $19,862 $9,840 $41,291 $188,640 
(a)Net financing revenue and other interest income after the provision for credit losses totaled $3.3 billion and $4.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
23.    Contingencies and Other Risks
As a financial-services company, we are regularly involved in pending or threatened legal proceedings and other matters and are or may be subject to potential liability in connection with them. These legal matters may be formal or informal and include litigation and arbitration with one or more identified claimants, certified or purported class actions with yet-to-be-identified claimants, and regulatory or other governmental information-gathering requests, examinations, investigations, and enforcement proceedings. Our legal matters exist in varying stages of adjudication, arbitration, negotiation, or investigation and span our business lines and operations. Claims may be based in law or equity—such as those arising under contracts or in tort and those involving banking, consumer-protection, securities, tax, employment, and other laws—and some can present novel legal theories and allege substantial or indeterminate damages.
Ally and its subsidiaries, including Ally Bank, also are or may be subject to potential liability under other contingent exposures, including indemnification, tax, self-insurance, and other miscellaneous contingencies.
We accrue for a legal matter or other contingent exposure when a loss becomes probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are evaluated each quarter and may be adjusted, upward or downward, based on our best judgment after consultation with counsel. No assurance exists that our accruals will not need to be adjusted in the future. When a probable or reasonably possible loss on a legal matter or other contingent exposure could be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, we provide disclosure in this note as prescribed by ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our policy for establishing accruals.
The course and outcome of legal matters are inherently unpredictable. This is especially so when a matter is still in its early stages, the damages sought are indeterminate or unsupported, significant facts are unclear or disputed, novel questions of law or other meaningful legal uncertainties exist, a request to certify a proceeding as a class action is outstanding or granted, multiple parties are named, or regulatory or other governmental entities are involved. Other contingent exposures and their ultimate resolution are similarly unpredictable for reasons that can vary based on the circumstances.
As a result, we often are unable to determine how or when threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures will be resolved and what losses may be incrementally and ultimately incurred. Actual losses may be higher or lower than any amounts accrued or estimated for those matters and other exposures, possibly to a significant degree.
Subject to the foregoing, based on our current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, we do not believe that the ultimate outcomes of currently threatened or pending legal matters and other contingent exposures are likely to be material to our consolidated financial condition after taking into account existing accruals. In light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters and other exposures, however, one or more of them could be material to our results of operations or cash flows during a particular reporting period, depending on factors such as the amount of the loss or liability and the level of our income for that period.
24.    Subsequent Events
Declaration of Common Dividend
On October 9, 2023, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all common stock. The dividend is payable on November 15, 2023, to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 1, 2023.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Notice about Forward-Looking Statements and Other Terms
From time to time we have made, and in the future will make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “pursue,” “seek,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “potential,” “target,” “objective,” “trend,” “plan,” “goal,” “initiative,” “priorities,” or other words of comparable meaning or future-tense or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” or “could.” Forward-looking statements convey our expectations, intentions, or forecasts about future events, circumstances, or results.
This report, including any information incorporated by reference in this report, contains forward-looking statements. We also may make forward-looking statements in other documents that are filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to investors, analysts, members of the media, or others.
All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which may change over time and many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a prediction or guarantee about the future. Actual future objectives, strategies, plans, prospects, performance, conditions, or results may differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statement. While no list of assumptions, risks, or uncertainties could be complete, some of the factors that may cause actual results or other future events or circumstances to differ from those in forward-looking statements include:
evolving local, regional, national, or international business, economic, or political conditions;
changes in laws or the regulatory or supervisory environment, including as a result of financial-services legislation, regulation, or policies or changes in government officials or other personnel;
changes in monetary, fiscal, or trade laws or policies, including as a result of actions by governmental agencies, central banks, or supranational authorities;
changes in accounting standards or policies;
changes in the automotive industry or the markets for new or used vehicles, including the rise of vehicle sharing and ride hailing, the development of autonomous and alternative-energy vehicles, and the impact of demographic shifts on attitudes and behaviors toward vehicle type, ownership, and use;
any instability or breakdown in the financial system, including as a result of the failure of a financial institution or other participant in it;
disruptions or shifts in investor sentiment or behavior in the securities, capital, or other financial markets, including financial or systemic shocks and volatility or changes in market liquidity, interest or currency rates, or valuations;
the discontinuation of LIBOR and any negative impacts that could result;
changes in business or consumer sentiment, preferences, or behavior, including spending, borrowing, or saving by businesses or households;
changes in our corporate or business strategies, the composition of our assets, or the way in which we fund those assets;
our ability to execute our business strategy for Ally Bank, including its digital focus;
our ability to optimize our automotive finance and insurance businesses and to continue diversifying into and growing other consumer and commercial business lines, including mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending, credit cards, corporate finance, brokerage, and personal advice;
our ability to develop capital plans acceptable to the FRB and our ability to implement them, including any payment of dividends or share repurchases;
our ability to conduct appropriate stress tests and effectively plan for and manage capital or liquidity consistent with evolving business or operational needs, risk-management standards, and regulatory or supervisory requirements or expectations;
our ability to cost-effectively fund our business and operations, including through deposits and the capital markets;
changes in any credit rating assigned to Ally, including Ally Bank;
adverse publicity or other reputational harm to us, our service providers, or our senior officers;
our ability to develop, maintain, or market our products or services or to absorb unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with those products or services;
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
our ability to innovate, to anticipate the needs of current or future customers, to successfully compete, to increase or hold market share in changing competitive environments, or to deal with pricing or other competitive pressures;
the continuing profitability and viability of our dealer-centric automotive finance and insurance businesses, especially in the face of competition from captive finance companies and their automotive manufacturing sponsors and challenges to the dealer’s role as intermediary between manufacturers and purchasers;
our ability to appropriately underwrite loans that we originate or purchase and to otherwise manage credit risk;
changes in the credit, liquidity, or other financial condition of our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors;
our ability to effectively deal with economic, business, or market slowdowns or disruptions;
our ability to address heightened scrutiny and expectations from supervisory or other governmental authorities and to timely and credibly remediate related concerns or deficiencies;
judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, disputes, or rulings that create uncertainty for, or are adverse to, us or the financial services industry;
the potential outcomes of judicial, regulatory, or administrative inquiries, examinations, investigations, proceedings, or disputes to which we are or may be subject, and our ability to absorb and address any damages or other remedies that are sought or awarded, and any collateral consequences;
the performance and availability of third-party service providers on whom we rely in delivering products and services to our customers and otherwise conducting our business and operations;
our ability to manage and mitigate security risks, including our capacity to withstand cyberattacks;
our ability to maintain secure and functional financial, accounting, technology, data processing, or other operating systems or infrastructure;
the adequacy of our corporate governance, risk-management framework, compliance programs, or internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to control lapses or deficiencies in financial reporting or to effectively mitigate or manage operational risk;
the efficacy of our methods or models in assessing business strategies or opportunities or in valuing, measuring, estimating, monitoring, or managing positions or risk;
our ability to keep pace with changes in technology that affect us or our customers, counterparties, service providers, or competitors or to maintain rights or interests in associated intellectual property;
our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions;
the adequacy of our succession planning for key executives or other personnel and our ability to attract or retain qualified employees;
natural or man-made disasters, calamities, or conflicts, including terrorist events, cyber-warfare, and pandemics (such as adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our customers, counterparties, employees, and service providers);
our ability to maintain appropriate ESG practices, oversight, and disclosures;
policies and other actions of governments to manage and mitigate climate and related environmental risks, and the effects of climate change or the transition to a lower-carbon economy on our business, operations, and reputation; or
other assumptions, risks, or uncertainties described in the Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A herein), Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part I, Item 2 herein), or the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 herein) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or described in any of the Company’s annual, quarterly or current reports.
Any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf speaks only as of the date that it was made. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances, or results that arise after the date that the statement was made, except as required by applicable securities laws. You, however, should consult further disclosures (including disclosures of a forward-looking nature) that we may make in any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Current Report on Form 8-K.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions apply. The term “loans” means the following consumer and commercial products associated with our direct and indirect financing activities: loans, retail installment sales contracts, lines of credit, and other financing products excluding operating leases. The term “operating leases” means consumer- and commercial-vehicle lease agreements where Ally is the lessor and the lessee is generally not obligated to acquire ownership of the vehicle at lease-end or compensate Ally for the
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vehicle’s residual value. The terms “lend,” “finance,” and “originate” mean our direct extension or origination of loans, our purchase or acquisition of loans, or our purchase of operating leases as applicable. The term “consumer” means all consumer products associated with our loan and operating-lease activities and all commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “commercial” means all commercial products associated with our loan activities, other than commercial retail installment sales contracts. The term “partnerships” means business arrangements rather than partnerships as defined by law.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Overview
Ally Financial Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, Ally, the Company, we, us, or our) is a financial-services company with the nation’s largest all-digital bank and an industry-leading automotive financing and insurance business, driven by a mission to “Do It Right” and be a relentless ally for customers and communities. The Company serves customers through a full range of online banking services (including deposits, mortgage lending, point-of-sale personal lending and credit-card products) and securities brokerage and investment advisory services. The Company also includes a corporate finance business that offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies. Ally is a Delaware corporation and is registered as a BHC under the BHC Act and an FHC under the GLB Act.
Primary Business Lines
Dealer Financial Services, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations, Mortgage Finance, and Corporate Finance are our primary business lines. The remaining activity is reported in Corporate and Other, which primarily consists of centralized treasury activities as well as Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice offering, Ally Lending, our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and investments, and certain strategic investments. The following table summarizes the operating results excluding discontinued operations of each business line. Operating results for each of the business lines are more fully described in the MD&A sections that follow.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Total net revenue
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance$1,439 $1,377 5$4,270 $4,113 4
Insurance322 260 241,095 725 51
Mortgage Finance57 64 (11)173 191 (9)
Corporate Finance121 134 (10)373 337 11
Corporate and Other29 181 (84)236 861 (73)
Total$1,968 $2,016 (2)$6,147 $6,227 (1)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense
Dealer Financial Services
Automotive Finance$377 $488 (23)$1,320 $1,813 (27)
Insurance(16)(30)4784 (139)160
Mortgage Finance26 19 3768 36 89
Corporate Finance84 91 (8)228 215 6
Corporate and Other(243)(151)(61)(681)(28)n/m
Total$228 $417 (45)$1,019 $1,897 (46)
n/m = not meaningful
Our Dealer Financial Services business is one of the largest full-service automotive finance operations in the country and offers a wide range of financial services and insurance products to automotive dealerships and their customers. Dealer Financial Services comprises our Automotive Finance and Insurance segments.
Our Automotive Finance operations include purchasing retail installment sales contracts and operating leases from dealers and automotive retailers, extending automotive loans directly to consumers, offering term loans to dealers, financing dealer floorplans and providing other lines of credit to dealers, supplying warehouse lines to automotive retailers, offering automotive-fleet financing, providing financing to companies and municipalities for the purchase or lease of vehicles, and supplying vehicle-remarketing services. Our success as an automotive-finance provider is driven by the consistent and broad range of products and services we offer to dealers and automotive retailers. The automotive marketplace is dynamic and evolving, including substantial investments in electrification by automobile manufacturers and suppliers. We continue to identify and cultivate relationships with automotive retailers, including those with leading e-commerce platforms. We also operate an online direct-lending platform for consumers seeking direct financing. We believe these actions will enable us to respond to the growing trends for a more streamlined and digital automotive financing process to serve both dealers and consumers. Additionally, we provide comprehensive automotive remarketing services, including the use of SmartAuction, our online auction platform, which efficiently supports dealer-to-dealer and other commercial wholesale vehicle transactions. SmartAuction provides diversified fee-based revenue and serves as a means of deepening relationships with our dealership customers. Furthermore, our strong and expansive dealer relationships,
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
comprehensive suite of products and services, full-spectrum financing, and depth of experience position us to evolve with future shifts in automobile technologies, including electrification. We have provided and continue to provide automobile financing for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, including brands such as Jeep, Tesla, Ford, and BMW. This positions us to remain a leader in automotive financing as we believe the majority of these vehicles will be sold through dealerships and automotive retailers with whom we have an established relationship. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $606 million of our consumer automotive retail loan originations and purchases, and $482 million of our operating lease originations and purchases, were for battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. As of September 30, 2023, $1.1 billion of our consumer automotive finance receivables and loans had battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles as the underlying collateral, and $797 million of our investment in operating leases were battery-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
We have focused on developing dealer relationships beyond those relationships that primarily were developed through our previous role as a captive finance company for GM and Stellantis. We have established relationships with thousands of automotive dealers through our customer-centric approach and specialized incentive programs designed to drive loyalty amongst dealers to our products and services. Our Growth channel includes brands such as Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan, and Honda, as well as used-vehicle-only retailers with a national presence and online-only automotive retailers. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 71% of our Growth channel dealer relationships were with franchised dealers and dealers with a national presence.
Our Insurance operations offer both consumer finance protection and insurance products sold primarily through the automotive dealer channel, and commercial insurance products sold directly to dealers. We serve approximately 2.5 million consumers nationwide across F&I and P&C products. In addition, we offer F&I products in Canada, where we serve more than 400 thousand consumers and are the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada and VSC provider for Subaru Canada. In 2022, we entered into a long-term commitment to continue as the preferred VSC and other protection plan provider for GM Canada.
As part of our focus on offering dealers a broad range of consumer F&I products, we offer VSCs, VMCs, and GAP products. Ally Premier Protection is our flagship VSC offering, which provides coverage for new and used vehicles of virtually all makes and models. We also underwrite ClearGuard on the SmartAuction platform, which is a protection product designed to minimize the risk to dealers from arbitration claims for eligible vehicles sold at auction. Additionally, we underwrite selected commercial insurance coverages, which primarily insure dealers’ wholesale vehicle inventory, and offer additional products to protect a dealer’s business, including property and liability coverage that is underwritten by a third-party carrier with a portion of the insurance risk assumed through a quota share agreement. On a smaller scale, we also periodically assume other insurance risks through quota share arrangements and perform services as an underwriting carrier for an insurance program managed by a third-party where we cede the majority of such business to external reinsurance markets.
Our dealer-centric business model, value-added products and services, full-spectrum financing, and business expertise proven over many credit cycles, make us a premier automotive finance and insurance company ready to support and strengthen our approximately 22,300 active dealer relationships as of September 30, 2023. A dealer is considered to have an active relationship with us if we provided automotive financing, remarketing, or insurance services during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Our Mortgage Finance operations consist of the management of held-for-investment and held-for-sale consumer mortgage loan portfolios. Our held-for-investment portfolio includes our direct-to-consumer Ally Home mortgage offering, and bulk purchases of high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans originated by third parties.
Through our direct-to-consumer channel, we offer a variety of competitively priced jumbo and conforming fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage products through a third party. Under our current arrangement, our direct-to-consumer conforming mortgages are originated as held-for-sale and sold, while jumbo and LMI mortgages are originated as held-for-investment and subserviced by a third party. Loans originated in the direct-to-consumer channel are sourced by existing Ally customer marketing, prospect marketing on third-party websites, and email or direct mail campaigns. In April 2019, we announced a strategic partnership with BMC, which delivers an enhanced end-to-end digital mortgage experience for our customers through our direct-to-consumer channel. Through this partnership, BMC conducts the sales, processing, underwriting, and closing for Ally’s digital mortgage offerings in a highly innovative, scalable, and cost-efficient manner, while Ally retains control of all the marketing and advertising strategies and loan pricing. This partnership with BMC limits operational volatility as the mortgage industry continues to evolve in the current interest rate environment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we originated $731 million of mortgage loans through our direct-to-consumer channel. During 2018, we made a strategic equity investment in the parent of BMC (BMC Holdco) that was subsequently increased in 2019 and 2020. The carrying value of this investment was $9 million as of September 30, 2023, is within equity securities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and is included in Corporate and Other. Refer to Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Through the bulk loan channel, we purchase loans from several qualified sellers, including direct originators and large aggregators who have the financial capacity to support strong representations and warranties, and the industry knowledge and experience to originate high-quality assets. Bulk purchases are made on a servicing-released basis, allowing us to directly oversee servicing activities and manage refinancing through our direct-to-consumer channel. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we purchased $14 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties. Our mortgage loan purchases are held-for-investment.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The combination of our direct-to-consumer strategy and bulk portfolio purchase program provides the capacity to expand revenue sources and further grow and diversify our finance receivable portfolio with an attractive asset class while also deepening relationships with existing Ally customers.
Our Corporate Finance operations primarily offer senior-secured loans to private equity sponsor-owned U.S.-based middle-market companies and to well-established asset managers that mostly provide leveraged loans. The portfolio is composed of floating-rate leveraged asset-based and cash flow/enterprise value loans. Our Sponsor Finance business focuses on companies owned by private-equity sponsors with loans typically used for leveraged buyouts, refinancing and recapitalizations, mergers and acquisitions, growth, turnarounds, and debtor-in-possession financings. Additionally, our Lender Finance business provides asset managers with facilities to partially fund their direct-lending activities. We also provide a commercial real estate product, currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
Corporate and Other primarily consists of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes activity related to certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock, as well as other equity investments through Ally Ventures, our strategic investment business. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, CRA loans and investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment, are also included in Corporate and Other.
Corporate and Other includes the results of Ally Invest, our digital brokerage and personal advice offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost investing. The digital personal advice business aligns with our strategy to create a premier digital financial services company and provides additional sources of fee income through asset management and certain other fees, with minimal balance sheet utilization. This business also provides an additional source of low-cost deposits through arrangements with Ally Invest’s clearing broker.
Information related to our point-of-sale financing business, Ally Lending, is also included within Corporate and Other. Ally Lending primarily serves home improvement and medical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. The home improvement vertical had originations of $851 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and now represents approximately 68% of originations. Point-of-sale lending broadens our capabilities, and expands our product offering into consumer unsecured personal lending, all while helping to further meet the financial needs of our customers.
Financial information related to our credit card business, Ally Credit Card, is included within Corporate and Other. Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform and features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. We believe Ally Credit Card enhances our ability to grow and deepen both new and existing customer relationships.
On October 24, 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a final rule that significantly amends their CRA regulations. Although the effective date of the rule is April 1, 2024, the applicability date for the majority of its provisions is January 1, 2026. We are still evaluating the rule and its impact, but our CRA strategy and program may be adversely affected by it.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our consolidated operating results for the periods shown. Refer to the reportable operating segment sections of the MD&A that follows for a more complete discussion of operating results by business line.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest income
Total financing revenue and other interest income$3,595 $2,761 30$10,335 $7,522 37
Total interest expense1,850 804 (130)4,989 1,672 (198)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets212 238 11638 674 5
Net financing revenue and other interest income1,533 1,719 (11)4,708 5,176 (9)
Other revenue
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned320 289 11936 849 10
Gain on mortgage and automotive loans, net4 10 (60)13 28 (54)
Other (loss) gain on investments, net(41)(54)2459 (173)134
Other income, net of losses152 52 192431 347 24
Total other revenue435 297 461,439 1,051 37
Total net revenue1,968 2,016 (2)6,147 6,227 (1)
Provision for credit losses508 438 (16)1,381 909 (52)
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expense463 467 11,448 1,397 (4)
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses107 70 (53)329 217 (52)
Other operating expenses662 624 (6)1,970 1,807 (9)
Total noninterest expense1,232 1,161 (6)3,747 3,421 (10)
Income from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense228 417 (45)1,019 1,897 (46)
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations(68)117 15874 460 84
Net income from continuing operations$296 $300 (1)$945 $1,437 (34)
Financial ratios:
Return on average assets (a)0.60 %0.64 %n/m0.65 %1.05 %n/m
Return on average equity (a)8.35 %8.36 %n/m9.16 %12.86 %n/m
Equity to assets (a)7.20 %7.60 %n/m7.11 %8.13 %n/m
Common dividend payout ratio (b)34.09 %34.09 %n/m31.69 %21.43 %n/m
n/m = not meaningful
(a)The ratios were based on average assets and average total equity using an average daily balance methodology.
(b)The common dividend payout ratio was calculated using basic earnings per common share.
We earned net income from continuing operations of $296 million and $945 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $300 million and $1.4 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, results were favorably impacted by higher total financing revenue and other interest income, and a decrease in income tax expense from continuing operations. These items were more than offset by higher interest expense, provision for credit losses, and noninterest expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, results were also favorably impacted by other gain on investments, net.
Net financing revenue and other interest income decreased $186 million and $468 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Consumer automotive revenue increased as higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions contributed to the increases in revenue. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rates. The increases were also impacted by higher average consumer assets resulting from growth in the used-vehicle portfolio, primarily through franchised dealers and national retailers. Commercial automotive revenue increased due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as our commercial automotive loans are generally variable-rate. Additionally, the increases were impacted by higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply. These increases were more than offset by higher interest expense. We experienced higher interest expense for the three months and nine months ended
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, in response to higher benchmark interest rates, which increased our cost of funds associated with our deposit liabilities.
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned was $320 million and $936 million for thethree months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $289 million and $849 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases for thethree months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher P&C earned premium from higher dealer inventory levels, growth in other dealer-related protection products, and higher other premium and service revenue written from non-automotive assumed reinsurance business.
Other loss on investments, net, was $41 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and other gain on investments, net was $59 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to other loss on investments, net of $54 million and $173 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in 2022, were primarily attributable to the performance of equity securities, consistent with broader stock market performance. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was partially offset by realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities and equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, that did not reoccur.
Other income, net of losses increased $100 million and $84 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily driven by net downward adjustments of $10 million related to equity securities without a readily determinable fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net downward adjustments (including impairment) of $137 million and $139 million during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Additionally, the increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were driven by increased late charges and other administrative fees, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The provision for credit losses increased $70 million and $472 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases in provision for credit losses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher net charge-offs across our consumer portfolios. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Noninterest expense was $1.2 billion and $3.7 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $1.2 billion and $3.4 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were driven by increased expenses to support the growth of our consumer product suite and expand our digital capabilities and portfolio of products and we incurred higher collection and repossession costs. Additionally, insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses increased for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, primarily due to increased losses from our vehicle inventory insurance program attributable to higher weather frequency and severity, growing dealer inventory levels, and higher insured values for non-weather losses. The increases were also driven by restructuring charges associated with a workforce reduction during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
We recognized total income tax benefit from continuing operations of $68 million and income tax expense from continuing operations of $74 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $117 million and $460 million for the same periods in 2022. The decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to adjustments to the valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards as well as the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings. The decrease in income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to the tax effects of a decrease in pretax earnings, adjustments to the valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards, and an increase in qualified clean vehicle tax credits for purchased plug-in electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles. The release of valuation allowance resulted in a significant variation in the customary relationship between pretax income and income tax expense for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Refer to Note 19 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Dealer Financial Services
Results for Dealer Financial Services are presented by reportable operating segment, which includes our Automotive Finance and Insurance operations.
Automotive Finance
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the operating results of our Automotive Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our other reportable operating segments.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income
ConsumerConsumer$1,576 $1,302 21Consumer$1,748 $1,461 20$4,973 $4,125 21
CommercialCommercial299 129 132Commercial364 189 93998 460 117
Loans held-for-saleLoans held-for-sale3 — n/mLoans held-for-sale2 — n/m6 — n/m
Operating leasesOperating leases402 403 Operating leases385 397 (3)1,179 1,196 (1)
Total financing revenue and other interest incomeTotal financing revenue and other interest income2,280 1,834 24Total financing revenue and other interest income2,499 2,047 227,156 5,781 24
Interest expenseInterest expense732 322 (127)Interest expense927 506 (83)2,487 1,208 (106)
Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets (a)Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets (a)226 217 (4)Net depreciation expense on operating lease assets (a)212 238 11638 674 5
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income1,322 1,295 2Net financing revenue and other interest income1,360 1,303 44,031 3,899 3
Other revenueOther revenueOther revenue
Other income77 68 13
Gain on automotive loans, netGain on automotive loans, net (100) (100)
Other income, net of lossesOther income, net of losses79 71 11239 211 13
Total other revenueTotal other revenue77 68 13Total other revenue79 74 7239 214 12
Total net revenueTotal net revenue1,399 1,363 3Total net revenue1,439 1,377 54,270 4,113 4
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses351 104 n/mProvision for credit losses444 328 (35)1,126 660 (71)
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expenseNoninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expenseCompensation and benefits expense181 168 (8)Compensation and benefits expense164 155 (6)505 475 (6)
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses425 366 (16)Other operating expenses454 406 (12)1,319 1,165 (13)
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense606 534 (13)Total noninterest expense618 561 (10)1,824 1,640 (11)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expenseIncome from continuing operations before income tax expense$442 $725 (39)Income from continuing operations before income tax expense$377 $488 (23)$1,320 $1,813 (27)
Total assetsTotal assets$111,960 $105,754 6Total assets$114,742 $109,114 5$114,742 $109,114 5
n/m = not meaningful
(a)Includes net remarketing gains of $47$57 million and $50$174 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $39 million and 2022, respectively.$139 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Our Automotive Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $442$377 million and $1.3 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $725$488 million and $1.8 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. For the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the decrease wasdecreases were primarily due to higher interest expense and higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher financing revenue.revenue and other interest income.
Consumer automotive loan financing revenue and other interest income increased $274$287 million and $848 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periodperiods in 2022. Higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions contributed to the increaseincreases in revenue, as well asrevenue. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rates. The increases were also impacted by higher average consumer assets resulting from growth in the used-vehicle portfolio, primarily through franchised dealers and national retailers.
Commercial loan financing revenue and other interest income increased $170$175 million and $538 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as well as higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply.
Interest expense was $732 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $322 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to higher benchmark interest rates, which increased our cost of funds associated with our deposit liabilities.
Total net operating lease revenue decreased $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. We recognized remarketing gains of $47 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to remarketing gains of $50 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in net operating lease revenue was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense resulting from a declining impact of downward adjustments to the rate of depreciation enacted in prior years, as well asincreases
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
were primarily due to higher yields from higher benchmark interest rates, as our commercial automotive loans are generally variable-rate. Additionally, the increases were impacted by higher asset balances resulting from improvements in new vehicle supply.
Interest expense was $927 million and $2.5 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $506 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by a decreasehigher interest rate environment, resulting in higher funding costs.
Total net operating lease revenue increased $14 million and $19 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases in net operating lease revenue were driven by higher remarketing gains resulting from lower terminationon off-lease vehicles, primarily due to normalizing volume as maturities shift towards leases that were originated duringtrends in the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, when new vehicle supply was significantly constrained.contractually priced buyout channels. Refer to the Operating Lease Residual Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion.
Total noninterest expenseother revenue increased $72$5 million and $25 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periodperiods in 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily due to higher COH allocations, as well as compensationan increase in servicing fees, remarketing fee income, and benefits expense,late charges. The increases in servicing fees are due to the growth in financial assets transferred to a nonconsolidated SPE for which increasedwe retain the ongoing right to service the assets. The increases in remarketing fee income are primarily due to increases in remarketing transaction volume through our SmartAuction platform. The increases in late charges are due to higher headcount to supportdelinquencies amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by persistent inflation. During the growth of the business. Results were also impacted by a legal settlement recovery during the threenine months ended March 31, 2022, that did not reoccur.September 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Refer to Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding assets sold to nonconsolidated SPEs.
The provision for credit losses increased $247$116 million and $466 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increaseincreases in provision for credit losses waswere primarily driven by higher net charge-offs during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Total noninterest expense increased $57 million and $184 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases were primarily due to expenses to support the growth of our consumer product suite and expand our digital capabilities and portfolio of products. Additionally, we incurred higher collection and repossession costs in the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022.
The following table presents the average balance and yield of the loan and operating lease portfolios of our Automotive Financing operations.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
202320222023202220232022
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Average balance (a)YieldAverage balance (a)Yield
($ in millions)($ in millions)Average balance (a)YieldAverage balance (a)YieldAverage balance (a)YieldAverage balance (a)Yield
Finance receivables and loans, net (b)Finance receivables and loans, net (b)Finance receivables and loans, net (b)
Consumer automotive (c)Consumer automotive (c)$83,605 8.48 %$78,224 6.61 %Consumer automotive (c)$85,514 8.12 %$82,927 6.99 %$84,720 7.86 %$80,509 6.85 %
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Wholesale floorplan (d)Wholesale floorplan (d)12,893 7.29 11,594 2.97 Wholesale floorplan (d)14,507 7.76 10,886 4.85 13,727 7.50 11,282 3.62 
Other commercial automotive (e)Other commercial automotive (e)5,756 5.04 4,810 4.17 Other commercial automotive (e)6,023 5.25 5,059 4.33 5,909 5.15 4,904 4.21 
Investment in operating leases, net (f)Investment in operating leases, net (f)10,435 6.84 10,878 6.96 Investment in operating leases, net (f)9,817 7.00 10,588 5.98 10,119 7.15 10,693 6.54 
(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.
(b)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
(c)IncludesExcludes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, which is included within Corporate and Other. ExcludingIncluding the impact of hedging activities, the yield was 7.66%8.90% and 6.75%8.73% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and 2022, respectively.7.29% and 6.92% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(d)IncludesExcludes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, which is included within Corporate and Other. ExcludingIncluding the impact of hedging activities, the yield was 7.14%7.88% and 2.78%7.64% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and 2022, respectively.5.03% and 3.80% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(e)Consists primarily of automotive dealer term loans, including those to finance dealership land and buildings, and dealer fleet financing.
(f)Yield includes net gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $47$57 million and $50$174 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $39 million and 2022, respectively.$139 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Excluding these gains and losses on sale, the yield was 5.03%4.69% and 5.10%4.85% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 4.52% and 2022, respectively.4.80% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans, excluding the impact of hedging activities, increased 91113 and 101 basis points, respectively, as compared to the three months ended March 31,same periods in 2022. The increaseincreases for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily driven by a higher portfolio yields resulting from pricing actions. We continue to opportunistically adjust pricing in response to rising benchmark interest rate environment.rates. Our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans, including the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges, was 8278 and 87 basis points higher than our portfolio yield for consumer automotive loans excluding the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023.September 30, 2023, respectively. This is attributable to the successful execution of hedging strategies that are used to mitigate interest rate risks. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Our portfolio yield for investment in operating leases, net, including net gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles, was 6.84%7.00% and 7.15% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 6.96%5.98% and 6.54% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The decline wasincreases were due to an increase in depreciation expense resulting from a declining impact of downward adjustments to the rate of depreciation enacted in prior years, as well as a decrease inhigher remarketing gains resulting from lower termination volume as maturities shift towards leases that were originated during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, when new vehicle supply was significantly constrained.on off-lease vehicles. Refer to the section titled Operating Lease Residual Risk Management within this MD&A for additional information.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Automotive Financing Volume
Consumer Automotive Financing
The following table presents retail loan originations and purchases by credit tier and product type.
Used retailNew retailUsed retailNew retail
Credit Tier (a)Credit Tier (a)
Volume
($ in billions)
% Share of volumeAverage FICO®
Volume
($ in billions)
% Share of volumeAverage FICO®Credit Tier (a)
Volume
($ in billions)
% Share of volumeAverage FICO®
Volume
($ in billions)
% Share of volumeAverage FICO®
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Three months ended September 30, 2023Three months ended September 30, 2023
SS$1.6 26 747 $1.0 37 748 S$2.6 38 755 $1.4 48 751 
AA2.7 44 687 1.3 48 686 A2.9 42 688 1.2 42 688 
BB1.3 21 648 0.4 15 655 B0.9 13 643 0.3 10 654 
CC0.4 7 611   628 C0.3 5 593   620 
DD0.1 2 569   580 D0.1 1 556   575 
EE0.1 1 541   642 
Total retail originationsTotal retail originations$6.1 100 687 $2.7 100 700 Total retail originations$6.9 100 701 $2.9 100 712 
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Three months ended September 30, 2022Three months ended September 30, 2022
SS$1.6 21 739 $1.0 33 744 S$1.8 23 742 $1.2 35 744 
AA3.8 50 683 1.6 53 683 A3.9 49 687 1.8 53 687 
BB1.7 23 648 0.4 13 651 B1.6 20 649 0.4 12 655 
CC0.4 617 — 625 C0.4 607 — — 633 
DD0.1 564 — — 572 D0.1 566 — — 631 
EE0.1 548 — — 550 
Total retail originationsTotal retail originations$7.9 100 684 $3.4 100 699 
Nine months ended September 30, 2023Nine months ended September 30, 2023
SS$6.7 34 752 $3.8 44 749 
AA8.5 43 687 3.8 44 687 
BB3.0 15 645 0.9 11 654 
CC0.9 5 600 0.1 1 624 
DD0.3 2 561   573 
EE0.2 1 550   553 
Total retail originationsTotal retail originations$19.6 100 695 $8.6 100 707 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022Nine months ended September 30, 2022
SS$5.2 21 741 $3.2 33 744 
AA12.2 50 685 5.1 53 685 
BB5.3 22 648 1.2 13 653 
CC1.3 610 0.1 629 
DD0.4 568 — — 600 
EE0.2 553 — — 541 
Total retail originationsTotal retail originations$7.6 100 682 $3.0 100 697 Total retail originations$24.6 100 682 $9.6 100 698 
(a)Represents Ally’s internal credit score, incorporating numerous borrower and structure attributes including: severity and aging of delinquency; number of credit inquiries; LTV ratio; term; and payment-to-income ratio. We periodically update our underwriting scorecard, which can have an impact on our credit tier scoring.
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The following table presents the percentage of total retail loan originations and purchases, in dollars, by the loan term in months.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
202320222023202220232022
0–710–7115 %14 %0–7114 %14 %14 %14 %
72–7572–7565 65 72–7562 63 63 65 
76 +76 +20 21 76 +24 23 23 21 
Total retail originationsTotal retail originations100 %100 %Total retail originations100 %100 %100 %100 %
Retail originations with a term of 76 months or more represented 20%24% and 23% of total retail originations for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 23% and 21% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. Substantially all the loans originated with a term of 76 months or more during both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, were considered to be prime and in credit tiers S, A, or B. Our underwriting processes are designed to consider various deal structure variables—such as payment-to-income, LTV, debt-to-income, and FICO® score—that compensate for longer loan terms and mitigate underwriting risk.
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, approximately 80%84% of our used retail originations were for vehicles with a model year of 2017 or newer. According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the average age of light vehicles in operation in the United States during 20212022 was approximately 12 years. Substantially all used retail originations with a term of 76 months or more during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, were for vehicles with a model year of 2017 or newer.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents the percentage of total outstanding retail loans by origination year.
March 31,20232022
September 30,September 30,20232022
Pre-2019Pre-20195 %14 %Pre-20193 %%
201920197 13 20195 
2020202012 20 20209 15 
2021202125 40 202120 31 
2022202241 13 202233 37 
2023202310 — 202330 — 
Total retailTotal retail100 %100 %Total retail100 %100 %
The following tables present the total retail loan and operating lease origination and purchase dollars and percentage mix by product type and by channel.
Consumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originationsConsumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originations
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Used retailUsed retail$6,085 $7,622 64 66 Used retail$6,932 $7,857 66 64 
New retailNew retail2,669 2,954 28 26 New retail2,920 3,403 27 27 
LeaseLease767 984 8 Lease698 1,076 7 
Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)$9,521 $11,560 100 100 Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)$10,550 $12,336 100 100 
(a)Includes CSG originations of $1.3$1.2 billion and $1.5 billion for both the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022.2022, respectively.
Consumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originations
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Growth channel$5,342 $6,302 56 55 
GM dealers2,121 2,426 22 21 
Stellantis dealers2,058 2,832 22 24 
Total consumer automotive financing originations$9,521 $11,560 100 100 
Consumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originations
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Used retail$19,598 $24,584 65 66 
New retail8,570 9,617 28 26 
Lease2,253 2,948 7 
Total consumer automotive financing originations (a)$30,421 $37,149 100 100 
(a)Includes CSG originations of $3.8 billion and $4.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Consumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originations
Three months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Growth channel$6,083 $6,914 58 56 
GM dealers2,341 2,665 22 22 
Stellantis dealers2,126 2,757 20 22 
Total consumer automotive financing originations$10,550 $12,336 100 100 
Consumer automotive financing originations% Share of Ally originations
Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions)
2023202220232022
Growth channel$17,223 $21,031 57 57 
GM dealers6,775 7,770 22 21 
Stellantis dealers6,423 8,348 21 22 
Total consumer automotive financing originations$30,421 $37,149 100 100 
Total consumer automotive loan and operating lease originations decreased $2.0$1.8 billion and $6.7 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periodperiods in 2022. The decrease wasdecreases were primarily driven by our dynamic underwriting strategies, including strategic pricing and curtailment actions to optimize our risk appetite and returns.
We have included origination metrics by loan term and FICO® Score within this MD&A. In addition, we employ our own risk evaluation, including proprietary risk models, in evaluating credit risk, as described in the section titled Automotive Financing Volume—Acquisition and Underwriting within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presentstables present the percentage of retail loan and operating lease originations and purchases, in dollars, by FICO® Score and product type. We define prime consumer automotive loans primarily as those loans with a FICO® Score at origination of 620 or greater.
Used retailNew retailLeaseUsed retailNew retailLease
Three months ended March 31,202320222023202220232022
Three months ended September 30,Three months ended September 30,202320222023202220232022
760 +760 +16 %12 %15 %14 %48 %44 %760 +23 %14 %21 %14 %48 %48 %
720–759720–75913 11 12 12 17 18 720–75914 13 13 12 16 18 
660–719660–71930 34 30 32 21 23 660–71930 33 29 35 22 23 
620–659620–65923 27 21 22 9 10 620–65918 24 17 21 9 
540–619540–61911 10 4 2 540–6198 10 3 3 
< 540< 5402  —  — < 5403  —  — 
Unscored (a)Unscored (a)5 18 16 3 Unscored (a)4 17 15 2 
Total consumer automotive financing originationsTotal consumer automotive financing originations100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %Total consumer automotive financing originations100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
(a)Unscored are primarily CSG contracts with business entities that have no FICO® Score.
Used retailNew retailLease
Nine months ended September 30,202320222023202220232022
760 +20 %13 %18 %14 %48 %46 %
720–75914 12 13 12 17 18 
660–71930 34 30 33 22 23 
620–65919 25 19 22 9 
540–61910 10 3 2 
< 5403  —  — 
Unscored (a)4 17 15 2 
Total consumer automotive financing originations100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
(a)Unscored are primarily CSG contracts with business entities that have no FICO® Score.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Originations with a FICO® Score of less than 620 (considered nonprime) represented 10%8% and 9% of total consumer loan and operating lease originations for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 8%9% for both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. Consumer loans and operating leases with FICO® Scores of less than 540 represented 1%2% of total originations for both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to 2% and 2022.1% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Nonprime applications are subject to more stringent underwriting criteria (for example, minimum payment-to-income ratio, maximum debt-to-income ratio, and maximum amount financed), and our nonprime loan portfolio generally does not include any loans with a term of 76 months or more. The carrying value of our held-for-investment, nonprime consumer automotive loans before allowance for loan losses was $8.8 billion at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which representedor approximately 10.5%10.3% and 10.6% of our total consumer automotive loans at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For discussion of our credit-risk-management practices and performance, refer to the section titled Risk Management.
During the first quarter of 2023, we amended our relationship with Carvana, a leading e-commerce platform for buying and selling used vehicles. Specifically, we decreased our committed facility from a maximum of $5.0 billion to a maximum of $4.0 billion to support our continued efforts to optimize risk-adjusted returns. This commitment is effective for 364 days. As part of the agreement, we purchase finance receivables meeting certain prescribed eligibility requirements on a periodic basis from Carvana. We also have the opportunity to purchase additional contracts from Carvana on an ad-hoc basis that may fall outside of the prescribed eligibility requirements utilized within the recurring pools. The risk profile of the contractual purchases is similar to the volume we fund through other dealer-facing channels. All the finance receivables purchased through this channel are used vehicles, and are included in Growth channel in our consumer origination metrics. While different vintages exhibit varying performance, collectively to date, finance receivables purchased from Carvana have exhibited (1) favorable loss performance, as compared to original expectations assumed at the time of purchase, and (2) consistent delinquency and loss performance compared to loans with similar credit characteristics acquired through our indirect dealer channel. Consumer finance receivables and loans sourced from Carvana represented 6.9%7.7% of our total consumer automotive finance receivables and loans as of March 31,September 30, 2023. During both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, loan purchases from Carvana were 9% of our total consumer automotive financing originations.
For discussion of manufacturer marketing incentives, refer to the section titled Automotive Financing Volume—Manufacturer Marketing Incentives within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Commercial Wholesale Financing Volume
The following table presents the percentage of average balance of our commercial wholesale floorplan finance receivables, in dollars, by product type and by channel.
Average balanceAverage balance
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
20232022
($ in millions)($ in millions)2023202220232022
Stellantis new vehiclesStellantis new vehicles38 %28 %Stellantis new vehicles42 %32 %40 %30 %
Used vehiclesUsed vehicles27 51 Used vehicles23 44 25 48 
GM new vehiclesGM new vehicles22 14 GM new vehicles21 16 22 15 
Growth new vehiclesGrowth new vehicles13 Growth new vehicles14 13 
TotalTotal100 %100 %Total100 %100 %100 %100 %
Total commercial wholesale finance receivablesTotal commercial wholesale finance receivables$12,893 $11,594 Total commercial wholesale finance receivables$14,507 $10,886 $13,727 $11,282 
Average commercial wholesale financing receivables outstanding increased $1.3$3.6 billion and $2.4 billion during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same periodperiods in 2022, waswere primarily due to increased industry-wide new vehicle inventory levels. This was partially offset by reduced used vehicle inventory levels across the automotive industry.
During 2022, we amended Carvana’s commercial line of credit to a total of $2.2 billion and included a participation agreement for a total of $200 million. The participation agreement met the requirements for derecognition and therefore all outstanding amounts under this $200 million agreement are excluded from finance receivables and loans, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The $2.2 billion line of credit and related $200 million participation agreement are scheduled to terminate in the third quarter of 2023. The credit line will revert tototals $2.0 billion, thereafter, with a scheduled maturity in the first quarter of 2024. The line of credit represents a commitment to fund Carvana’s wholesale floorplan financing of used vehicles and is consistent in form and structure with our other wholesale floorplan financing arrangements. This includes the line of credit being fully collateralized to mitigate counterparty credit risk in the event of a default. On August 31, 2023, Carvana announced the following final results of its previously announced debt exchange offers: reduction in total debt by over $1.3 billion, extension of maturities, and lowering of near-term cash interest expense by more than $455 million each year for the next two years. Prior to that announcement, Carvana had asked us to consent to Carvana offering a second-priority lien on much of our collateral in connection with Carvana’sthe debt exchange offers described in the August 31, 2023 announcement on March 22,and other debt exchange offers contemplated in prior Carvana announcements. On September 1, 2023, that it would be offering noteholders the optionwe consented to exchange their unsecured notes. We considered this consent request in the context of our long-standing business relationship with Carvana and with the requirementon terms that the terms of Carvana’s debt exchange not impair our first-lien priority on motor vehicles or other collateral. We agreed to terms under which we would grant such consent, while maintainingmaintain our collateral position, if Carvana decides to complete the debt exchange.position. At March 31,September 30, 2023, Carvana’s gross wholesale floorplan assets outstanding balance was $494 million, net of $49 million attributable to the third-party participation agreement.$117 million.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Other Commercial Automotive Financing
We also provide other forms of commercial financing for the automotive industry including automotive dealer term and revolving loans and automotive fleet financing. Automotive dealer term and revolving loans are loans that we make to dealers to finance other aspects of the dealership business, including acquisitions. These loans are usually secured by real estate or other dealership assets and are typically personally guaranteed by the individual owners of the dealership. Additionally, these loans generally include cross-collateral and cross-default provisions. Automotive fleet financing credit lines may be obtained by dealers, their affiliates, and other independent companies that are used to purchase vehicles, which they lease or rent to others. The average balances of other commercial automotive loans increased $946 million$1.0 billion for both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to the same periodperiods in 2022, to an average of $5.8$6.0 billion and $5.9 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023.September 30, 2023, respectively.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Insurance
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the operating results of our Insurance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our other reportable segments.
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Insurance premiums and other income
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned$306 $280 9
Interest and dividends on investment securities, cash and cash equivalents, and other earning assets, net (a)26 17 53
Other gain (loss) on investments, net (b)72 (14)n/m
Other income3 (25)
Total insurance premiums and other income407 287 42
Expense
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses88 58 (52)
Acquisition and underwriting expense
Compensation and benefits expense28 28 
Insurance commissions expense157 149 (5)
Other expenses42 39 (8)
Total acquisition and underwriting expense227 216 (5)
Total expense315 274 (15)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense$92 $13 n/m
Total assets$8,867 $9,220 (4)
Insurance premiums and service revenue written$307 $265 16
Combined ratio (c)102.0 %96.5 %
n/m = not meaningful
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Insurance premiums and other income
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned$320 $289 11$936 $849 10
Interest and dividends on investment securities, cash and cash equivalents, and other earning assets, net (a)29 24 2184 61 38
Other (loss) gain on investments, net (b)(31)(56)4566 (197)134
Other income4 339 12 (25)
Total insurance premiums and other income322 260 241,095 725 51
Expense
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses107 70 (53)329 217 (52)
Acquisition and underwriting expense
Compensation and benefits expense26 26 81 78 (4)
Insurance commissions expense160 152 (5)475 452 (5)
Other expenses45 42 (7)126 117 (8)
Total acquisition and underwriting expense231 220 (5)682 647 (5)
Total expense338 290 (17)1,011 864 (17)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income tax expense$(16)$(30)47$84 $(139)160
Total assets$8,736 $8,533 2$8,736 $8,533 2
Insurance premiums and service revenue written$335 $291 15$941 $818 15
Combined ratio (c)104.3 %98.7 %107.0 %100.3 %
(a)Includes interest expense of $8 million and $12$23 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $7 million and $30 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(b)Includes net unrealized losses on equity securities of $47 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(b)Includes net unrealized gains on equity securities of $65$42 million for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and net unrealized losses on equity securities of $61$62 million and $259 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2022.September 30, 2022, respectively.
(c)Management uses a combined ratio as a primary measure of underwriting profitability. Underwriting profitability is indicated by a combined ratio under 100% and is calculated as the sum of all incurred losses and expenses (excluding interest and income tax expense) divided by the total of premiums and service revenue earned and other income (excluding interest, dividends, and other investment activity).
Our Insurance operations earned incomeincurred a loss from continuing operations before income tax expense of $92 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $13$16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increaseSeptember 30, 2023,and earned income of $84 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to losses of $30 million and $139 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, respectively. The increases in income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, waswere primarily driven by increases in other gain on investments, net, and insurance premiums and service revenue earned. These increasesearned and higher net investment gains, which were partially offset by an increaseincreases in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses. The three-month period change was affected by a decrease in loss on investments, net; while the nine month period change was impacted by an increase in gain on investments.
Insurance premiums and service revenue earned was $306$320 million and $936 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $280$289 million and $849 million for the same period inthree months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increaseincreases for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily driven by higher P&C earned premium from higher dealer inventory levels, and growth in other dealer-related protection products.products, and higher other premium and service revenue written from non-automotive assumed reinsurance business.
Other gainloss on investments, net was $72$31 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and other gain on investments, net was $66 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to other loss on investments, net of $14$56 million and $197 million for the same periodperiods in 2022.2022, respectively. The increaseincreases for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily attributable to $65 millionthe performance of unrealized gains on equity securities, consistent with broader stock market performance, as compared to results from the three months ended March 31, 2022, which included $61 million of unrealized losses. This increase was partially offset by a $41 million decrease in realized gains from equity securities, as elevated realized gains during the three months ended March 31, 2022, did not reoccur.
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses totaled $88 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $58 million for the same period in 2022. Loss and loss adjustment expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, increased primarily due to increased weather-related loss activity on higher inventory levels. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, weather-related loss and loss adjustment expenses from our vehicle inventory insurance program was $14 million, compared to $2 million during the same period in 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we utilized our excess of loss reinsurance and ceded weather-related losses on our vehicle inventory insurance program that exceeded $14 million during the quarter. Additionally, higher GAP losses were primarily driven by higher loss frequency and severity following elevated used vehicle values during 2022 that reduced losses during the three months endedperformance.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
March 31,Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses totaled $107 million and $329 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $70 million and $217 million for the same periods in 2022. Loss and loss adjustment expenses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased primarily due to increased losses from our vehicle inventory insurance program attributable to higher weather frequency and severity, growing dealer inventory levels, and higher insured values for non-weather losses. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, weather-related loss and loss adjustment expenses from our vehicle inventory insurance program was $22 million and $87 million, respectively, compared to $8 million and $36 million during the same periods in 2022. We utilized our excess of loss reinsurance and ceded weather-related losses on our vehicle inventory insurance program for the first and third quarters of 2023 as losses exceeded the retention limits of $14 million and $21 million, respectively. In April 2023, we renewed our annual excess of loss reinsurance agreement and continue to utilize this coverage for our vehicle inventory insurance to manage our risk of weather-related loss.losses under which retention limits vary for each quarter. Additionally, higher GAP losses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by higher loss frequency and severity following elevated used vehicle values during 2022 that reduced losses in the prior year. Losses also increased commensurate with portfolio growth from other dealer-related protection products in our P&C business and growth in non-automotive assumed reinsurance business.
Our combined ratio was 102.0%104.3% and 107.0% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to 96.5%98.7% and 100.3% for the same periodthree months and nine months ended in September 30, 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily driven by an increase in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, partially offset by higher earned premiums.
Premium and Service Revenue Written
The following table summarizes premium and service revenue written by product, net of premiums ceded to reinsurers, and premiums and service revenue assumed from third-parties. VSC and GAP revenue are earned over the life of the service contract on a basis proportionate to the anticipated loss pattern. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of this revenue stream.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Finance and insurance productsFinance and insurance productsFinance and insurance products
Vehicle service contractsVehicle service contracts$170 $166 Vehicle service contracts$190 $182 $544 $538 
Guaranteed asset protection and other finance and insurance products (a)Guaranteed asset protection and other finance and insurance products (a)56 34 Guaranteed asset protection and other finance and insurance products (a)62 48 176 126 
Total finance and insurance productsTotal finance and insurance products226 200 Total finance and insurance products252 230 720 664 
Property and casualty insurance (b)Property and casualty insurance (b)75 65 Property and casualty insurance (b)74 58 198 148 
Other premium and service revenue written (c)Other premium and service revenue written (c)6 — Other premium and service revenue written (c)9 23 
TotalTotal$307 $265 Total$335 $291 $941 $818 
(a)Other financial and insurance products include VMCs, ClearGuard, and other ancillary products.
(b)P&C insurance includes vehicle inventory insurance and dealer ancillary products including property and liability coverage underwritten by a third-party carrier earned on a straight line basis.
(c)Primarily includes non-automotive assumed reinsurance and revenue associated with performing services as an underwriting carrier.
Insurance premiums and service revenue written was $307$335 million and $941 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $265$291 million and $818 million for the same periodperiods in 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily due to higher F&I volumespremiums for other ancillary products.products in the U.S. and higher volume in Canada, partially offset by a continued shift in VSC product mix toward dealer reinsurance structures, where we earn a fee to administer the contract and cede premium and losses from the contract to the dealer’s reinsurance company. Additionally, there was an increasewere increases in written premiums from our P&C business primarily from rising dealer inventory levels and growth in other dealer property and liability products, as well as, from growth in other premium and service revenue written from non-automotive assumed reinsurance business.
Cash and Investments
A significant aspect of our Insurance operations is the investment of proceeds from premiums and other revenue sources. We use these investments to satisfy our obligations related to future claims at the time these claims are settled. Our Insurance operations have an Investment Committee, which develops guidelines and strategies for these investments. The guidelines established by this committee reflect our risk appetite, liquidity requirements, regulatory requirements, and rating agency considerations, among other factors.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table summarizes the composition of our Insurance operations cash and investment portfolio at fair value.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing cashNoninterest-bearing cash$60 $91 Noninterest-bearing cash$75 $91 
Interest-bearing cashInterest-bearing cash464 401 Interest-bearing cash479 401 
Total cash and cash equivalentsTotal cash and cash equivalents524 492 Total cash and cash equivalents554 492 
Equity securitiesEquity securities713 675 Equity securities710 675 
Available-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securities
Debt securitiesDebt securitiesDebt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agenciesU.S. Treasury and federal agencies499 485 U.S. Treasury and federal agencies467 485 
U.S. States and political subdivisionsU.S. States and political subdivisions432 474 U.S. States and political subdivisions366 474 
Foreign governmentForeign government164 146 Foreign government159 146 
Agency mortgage-backed residentialAgency mortgage-backed residential1,028 1,026 Agency mortgage-backed residential914 1,026 
Mortgage-backed residentialMortgage-backed residential235 235 Mortgage-backed residential213 235 
Corporate debtCorporate debt1,736 1,719 Corporate debt1,703 1,719 
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $4,569 and $4,636)4,094 4,085 
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $4,474 and $4,636)Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $4,474 and $4,636)3,822 4,085 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and securitiesTotal cash, cash equivalents, and securities$5,331 $5,252 Total cash, cash equivalents, and securities$5,086 $5,252 
In addition to these cash and investment securities, the Insurance segment has an interest-bearing intercompany arrangementarrangements with Corporate and Other, callable on demand. The intercompany loan balance due to Insurance was $523$547 million and $417 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and relatedrespectively. Related interest income of $2 million and $3$7 million was recognized for both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.2022.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Mortgage Finance
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the activities of our Mortgage Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our reportable segments.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income
Total financing revenue and other interest incomeTotal financing revenue and other interest income$153 $130 18Total financing revenue and other interest income$149 $151 (1)$453 $420 8
Interest expenseInterest expense99 77 (29)Interest expense96 94 (2)293 254 (15)
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income54 53 2Net financing revenue and other interest income53 57 (7)160 166 (4)
Gain on mortgage loans, netGain on mortgage loans, net4 14 (71)Gain on mortgage loans, net4 (43)13 25 (48)
Total net revenueTotal net revenue58 67 (13)Total net revenue57 64 (11)173 191 (9)
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses(1)— n/mProvision for credit losses(2)n/m(3)n/m
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expenseNoninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expenseCompensation and benefits expense6 Compensation and benefits expense5 16 17 6
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses32 50 36Other operating expenses28 38 2692 136 32
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense38 56 32Total noninterest expense33 43 23108 153 29
Income from continuing operations before income tax expenseIncome from continuing operations before income tax expense$21 $11 91Income from continuing operations before income tax expense$26 $19 37$68 $36 89
Total assetsTotal assets$19,290 $18,596 4Total assets$18,745 $19,862 (6)$18,745 $19,862 (6)
n/m = not meaningful
Our Mortgage Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $21$26 million and $68 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $11$19 million and $36 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increaseincreases for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily driven by lower noninterest expense, and higher net financing revenue and other interest income, partially offset by lower net gains on the sale of mortgage loans.
Net financing revenue and other interest income was $54$53 million and $160 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $53$57 million and $166 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increasedecreases in net financing revenue and other interest income for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily due to higher asset balances and lower prepayment activity, driven by a higher interest rate environment, which resulted in a decrease in asset balances and an increase in the cost of funds. This was partially offset by lower prepayment activity, which resulted in lower premium amortization. Premium amortization was $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $9and $3 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $3 million and $17 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we purchased $2$7 million and $14 million of mortgage loans that were originated by third parties, respectively, compared to $825 million for$1.1 billion and $2.8 billion during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. We originated $20$46 million and $102 million of mortgage loans held-for-investment during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $684$105 million and $1.1 billion during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net, was $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $14and $13 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $7 million and $25 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease wasdecreases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were attributable to lower volume on direct-to-consumer mortgage originations and the subsequent sale of these loans to BMC. We originated $177$221 million and $629 million of loans held-for-sale during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $1.0$415 million and $2.0 billion during the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
Total noninterest expenseThe provision for credit losses decreased $18$4 million to $38and $5 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, asrespectively, compared to the same period inthree months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decreasedecreases in provision for credit losses for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by a decrease in asset balances. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Total noninterest expense was $33 million and $108 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $43 million and $153 million for the same periods in 2022. The decreases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by lower operating expenses.expenses due to lower origination volumes. These costs are generally scalable with our origination volume as a result of our strategic partnership with BMC.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents the total UPB of purchases and originations of consumer mortgages held-for-investment, by FICO® Score at the time of acquisition.
FICO® ScoreFICO® Score
Volume
($ in millions)
% Share of volumeFICO® Score
Volume
($ in millions)
% Share of volume
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Three months ended September 30, 2023Three months ended September 30, 2023
740 +740 +$21 95 740 +$46 88 
720–739720–7391 5 720–7392 4 
700–719700–7193 5 
680–699680–6992 3 
Total consumer mortgage financing volumeTotal consumer mortgage financing volume$53 100 
Three months ended September 30, 2022Three months ended September 30, 2022
740 +740 +$1,010 82 
720–739720–739111 
700–719700–71984 
680–699680–69927 
Total consumer mortgage financing volumeTotal consumer mortgage financing volume$1,232 100 
Nine months ended September 30, 2023Nine months ended September 30, 2023
740 +740 +$101 87 
720–739720–7397 6 
700–719700–7194 4 
680–699680–6994 3 
Total consumer mortgage financing volumeTotal consumer mortgage financing volume$22 100 Total consumer mortgage financing volume$116 100 
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Nine months ended September 30, 2022Nine months ended September 30, 2022
740 +740 +$1,266 84 740 +$3,179 83 
720–739720–739157 10 720–739387 10 
700–719700–71975 700–719232 
680–699680–69910 680–69949 
660–679660–679— 660–679— 
Total consumer mortgage financing volumeTotal consumer mortgage financing volume$1,509 100 Total consumer mortgage financing volume$3,849 100 
During both the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we purchased and originated fewer consumer mortgage held-for-investment loans, as compared to the three months ended March 31,same periods in 2022. The decrease wasdecreases were primarily driven by the elevated interest rate environment. When interest rates rise, the likelihood of refinancing decreases and origination volumes tend to decrease.decrease
The following table presents the net UPB, net UPB as a percentage of total, WAC, premium net of discounts, LTV, and FICO® Scores for the products in our Mortgage Finance held-for-investment loan portfolio.
ProductProduct
Net UPB (a) ($ in millions)
% of total net UPBWAC
Net premium (discount) ($ in millions)
Average refreshed LTV (b)Average refreshed FICO® (c)Product
Net UPB (a) ($ in millions)
% of total net UPBWAC
Net premium (discount) ($ in millions)
Average refreshed LTV (b)Average refreshed FICO® (c)
March 31, 2023
September 30, 2023September 30, 2023
Adjustable-rateAdjustable-rate$401 2 3.26 %$2 53.40 %773 Adjustable-rate$398 2 3.51 %$2 53.09 %775 
Fixed-rateFixed-rate18,791 98 3.18 (5)55.03 781 Fixed-rate18,263 98 3.19 (6)53.11 782 
TotalTotal$19,192 100 3.18 $(3)54.99 781 Total$18,661 100 3.19 $(4)53.11 782 
December 31, 2022December 31, 2022December 31, 2022
Adjustable-rateAdjustable-rate$408 3.18 %$52.64 %771 Adjustable-rate$408 3.18 %$52.64 %771 
Fixed-rateFixed-rate19,039 98 3.18 (4)54.69 782 Fixed-rate19,039 98 3.18 (4)54.69 782 
TotalTotal$19,447 100 3.18 $(2)54.65 781 Total$19,447 100 3.18 $(2)54.65 781 
(a)Represents UPB, net of charge-offs.
(b)Updated home values were derived using a combination of appraisals, broker price opinions, automated valuation models, and metropolitan statistical area level house price indices.
(c)Updated to reflect changes in credit score since loan origination.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Corporate Finance
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the activities of our Corporate Finance operations. The amounts presented are before the elimination of balances and transactions with our reportable segments.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loansInterest and fees on finance receivables and loans$226 $93 143Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans$246 $141 74$704 $336 110
Interest on loans held-for-saleInterest on loans held-for-sale8 n/mInterest on loans held-for-sale2 (71)12 11 9
Interest expenseInterest expense131 12 n/mInterest expense151 68 (122)424 107 n/m
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income103 83 24Net financing revenue and other interest income97 80 21292 240 22
Total other revenueTotal other revenue29 24 21Total other revenue24 54 (56)81 97 (16)
Total net revenueTotal net revenue132 107 23Total net revenue121 134 (10)373 337 11
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses15 (150)Provision for credit losses5 13 6235 27 (30)
Noninterest expenseNoninterest expenseNoninterest expense
Compensation and benefits expenseCompensation and benefits expense28 23 (22)Compensation and benefits expense16 17 661 55 (11)
Other operating expensesOther operating expenses17 14 (21)Other operating expenses16 13 (23)49 40 (23)
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense45 37 (22)Total noninterest expense32 30 (7)110 95 (16)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expenseIncome from continuing operations before income tax expense$72 $64 13Income from continuing operations before income tax expense$84 $91 (8)$228 $215 6
Total assetsTotal assets$10,226 $8,086 26Total assets$10,749 $9,840 9$10,749 $9,840 9
n/m = not meaningful
Our Corporate Finance operations earned income from continuing operations before income tax expense of $72$84 million and $228 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to income earned of $64$91 million and $215 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was primarily driven by lower total other revenue, partially offset by an increase in net financing revenue and other interest income, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, was primarily due to higher net financing revenue and other revenue,interest income, partially offset by lower total other revenue and higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense, as compared to the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
Net financing revenue and other interest income was $103$97 million and $292 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $83$80 million and $240 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increaseincreases for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily due to higher average assets from continued growth in the portfolio.portfolio, as well as higher interest income resulting from higher rates and all loans in the portfolio being variable rate. This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense as benchmark interest rates continued to rise.
Other revenue increased $5decreased $30 million and $16 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decreases were primarily due to lower net investment gains, driven by a gain from the sale of a previously restructured exposure recognized during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decreases were partially offset by higher syndication and fee income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022.
The provision for credit losses decreased $8 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, primarily driven by lower specific reserve activity, compared to the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The provision for credit losses increased $8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher syndication and fee income fordriven by reserve reductions in the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022, related to qualitative reserves established at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by lower specific reserve activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and lower portfolio loan growth as compared to the same period in 2022.
The provision for credit losses increased $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher specific provision activity. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Total noninterest expense increased $8$2 million and $15 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily due to higher direct and allocated expenses related to the growth of the business.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Credit Portfolio
The following table presents loans held-for-sale, the amortized cost of finance receivables and loans outstanding, unfunded commitments to lend, and total serviced loans of our Corporate Finance operations. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, 59%61.2% of our loans and lending commitments were asset-based, with 99.9% in a first-lien position.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Loans held-for-sale, netLoans held-for-sale, net$266 $445 Loans held-for-sale, net$81 $445 
Finance receivables and loans (a)Finance receivables and loans (a)$10,003 $10,147 Finance receivables and loans (a)$10,637 $10,147 
Unfunded lending commitments (b)Unfunded lending commitments (b)$7,316 $6,390 Unfunded lending commitments (b)$8,436 $6,390 
Total serviced loansTotal serviced loans$14,760 $14,823 Total serviced loans$15,007 $14,823 
(a)Includes $9.2 billion and $9.0 billion of commercial and industrial loans at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and $1.0$1.4 billion and $1.1 billion of commercial real estate loans at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.2022. Our commercial real estate loans are currently focused on lending to skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and medical office buildings.
(b)Includes unused revolving credit line commitments for loans held-for-sale and finance receivables and loans, signed commitment letters, and standby letter of credit facilities, which are issued on behalf of clients and may contingently require us to make payments to a third-party beneficiary in the event of a draw by the beneficiary thereunder. As many of these commitments are subject to borrowing base agreements and other restrictive covenants or may expire without being fully drawn, the stated amounts of these unfunded commitments are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements.
The following table presents the percentage of total finance receivables and loans of our Corporate Finance operations by industry concentration. The finance receivables and loans are reported at amortized cost.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
IndustryIndustryIndustry
Financial servicesFinancial services39.6 %40.9 %Financial services42.7 %40.9 %
ServicesServices14.9 13.4 Services15.0 13.4 
Health servicesHealth services14.1 14.5 Health services13.8 14.5 
Machinery, equipment, and electronicsMachinery, equipment, and electronics8.5 7.3 Machinery, equipment, and electronics7.4 7.3 
Automotive and transportationAutomotive and transportation7.3 8.7 Automotive and transportation7.2 8.7 
Chemicals and metalsChemicals and metals7.0 7.0 Chemicals and metals6.5 7.0 
WholesaleWholesale2.9 2.6 Wholesale2.3 2.6 
Other manufactured productsOther manufactured products2.1 2.1 Other manufactured products1.5 2.1 
Retail tradeRetail trade1.9 1.7 Retail trade1.4 1.7 
OtherOther1.7 1.8 Other2.2 1.8 
Total finance receivables and loansTotal finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %Total finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Corporate and Other
The following table summarizes the activities of Corporate and Other, which primarily consist of centralized corporate treasury activities such as management of the cash and corporate investment securities and loan portfolios, short- and long-term debt, retail and brokered deposit liabilities, derivative instruments, original issue discount, and the residual impacts of our corporate FTP and treasury ALM activities. Corporate and Other also includes certain equity investments, which primarily consist of FHLB and FRB stock as well as other strategic investments through Ally Ventures, the management of our legacy mortgage portfolio, which primarily consists of loans originated prior to January 1, 2009, the activity related to Ally Invest, Ally Lending, Ally Credit Card, CRA loans and related investments, and reclassifications and eliminations between the reportable operating segments. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes costs that are not allocated to our reportable operating segments as part of our COH methodology, which involves management judgment. Refer to Note 22 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change($ in millions)20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change20232022Favorable/(unfavorable) % change
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income
Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans (a)Interest and fees on finance receivables and loans (a)$319 $58 n/mInterest and fees on finance receivables and loans (a)$328 $177 85$999 $330 n/m
Interest on loans held-for-saleInterest on loans held-for-sale4 n/mInterest on loans held-for-sale3 5010 100
Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets (b)Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets (b)209 162 29Interest and dividends on investment securities and other earning assets (b)235 190 24660 526 25
Interest on cash and cash equivalentsInterest on cash and cash equivalents53 n/mInterest on cash and cash equivalents96 15 n/m234 22 n/m
Total financing revenue and other interest incomeTotal financing revenue and other interest income585 223 162Total financing revenue and other interest income662 384 721,903 883 116
Interest expenseInterest expenseInterest expense
Original issue discount amortization (c)Original issue discount amortization (c)15 13 (15)Original issue discount amortization (c)15 13 (15)45 39 (15)
Other interest expense (d)Other interest expense (d)473 (35)n/mOther interest expense (d)653 116 n/m1,717 34 n/m
Total interest expenseTotal interest expense488 (22)n/mTotal interest expense668 129 n/m1,762 73 n/m
Net financing revenue and other interest incomeNet financing revenue and other interest income97 245 (60)Net financing revenue and other interest income(6)255 (102)141 810 (83)
Other revenueOther revenueOther revenue
Other gain on investments, net3 18 (83)
Other (loss) gain on investments, netOther (loss) gain on investments, net(11)n/m(8)22 (136)
Other income, net of lossesOther income, net of losses4 48 (92)Other income, net of losses46 (76)161103 29 n/m
Total other revenueTotal other revenue7 66 (89)Total other revenue35 (74)14795 51 86
Total net revenueTotal net revenue104 311 (67)Total net revenue29 181 (84)236 861 (73)
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses81 57 (42)Provision for credit losses61 95 36223 220 (1)
Total noninterest expense (e)Total noninterest expense (e)262 221 (19)Total noninterest expense (e)211 237 11694 669 (4)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income tax expense$(239)$33 n/m
Loss from continuing operations before income tax expenseLoss from continuing operations before income tax expense$(243)$(151)(61)$(681)$(28)n/m
Total assetsTotal assets$45,822 $42,641 7Total assets$42,732 $41,291 3$42,732 $41,291 3
n/m = not meaningful
(a)Includes impacts associated with hedging activities within our automotive loan portfolio, consumer other lending activity, and financing revenue from our legacy mortgage portfolio.
(b)Includes impacts associated with hedging activities of our available-for-sale securities.
(c)Amortization is included as interest on long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
(d)Includes the residual impacts of our FTP methodology and impacts of hedging activities of certain debt obligations.
(e)Includes reductions of $334$348 million and $318$1.0 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $321 million and $938 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023, andSeptember 30, 2022, respectively, related to the allocation of COH expenses to other segments. The receiving segments record their allocation of COH expense within other operating expense.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
The following table presents the scheduled remaining amortization of the original issue discount at March 31,September 30, 2023.
Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)
Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)
202320242025202620272028 and thereafter (a)Total
Year ended December 31, ($ in millions)
202320242025202620272028 and thereafter (a)Total
Original issue discountOriginal issue discountOriginal issue discount
Outstanding balance at year endOutstanding balance at year end$832 $764 $690 $608 $513 $— Outstanding balance at year end$831 $763 $689 $607 $513 $— 
Total amortization (b)Total amortization (b)46 68 74 82 95 513 $878 Total amortization (b)16 68 74 82 94 513 $847 
(a)The maximum annual scheduled amortization for any individual year is $141$143 million in 2030.
(b)The amortization is included as interest on long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Corporate and Other incurred a loss from continuing operations before income tax expense of $239$243 million and $681 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to incomea loss of $33$151 million and $28 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The lossdecreases in income for the three months ended
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
March 31,nine months ended September 30, 2023, waswere primarily driven by an increase in interest expense due to a higher interest rate environment, in addition to a decrease in other revenue due to losses on certain equity-method investments. The loss was partially offset by an increase in total financing revenue and other interest income.income and total other revenue.
Total financing revenue and other interest income was $585$662 million and $1.9 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $384 million and $883 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $223 million for the threeand nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily driven by the impacts of a higher interest rate environment on the investment securities portfolio and hedging activities, in addition to higher interest associated with cash and cash equivalents.equivalents and growth within unsecured lending.
Total interest expense increased $510$539 million and $1.7 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increase wasincreases were primarily driven by a higher interest rate environment, resulting in higher funding costs.
Total other revenue increased $109 million and $44 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by net downward adjustments (including impairment) related to equity investments without a readily determinable fair value during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, that did not reoccur during the current periods.
The provision for credit losses decreased $59$34 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and increased $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2022. TheSeptember 30, 2022, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the decrease in provision for credit losses was primarily driven by losses related to certain equity-method investments during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The provision for credit losses increased $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023,lower portfolio growth within Ally Credit Card and Ally Lending, as compared to the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. This decrease was partially offset by higher net charge-offs in Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card. For the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the increase in provision for credit losses was primarily driven by higher net charge-offs within Ally Credit Card and Ally Lending, partially offset by lower portfolio growth in Ally LendingCredit Card and Ally Credit CardLending as compared to the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. Refer to the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further discussion on our provision for credit losses.
Noninterest expense increased $41decreased $26 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and increased $25 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. Thethree months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the decrease was primarily driven by lower marketing expenses and other operating expenses, partially offset by restructuring charges associated with a workforce reduction of $30 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the increase was primarily driven by increased compensation and benefits expense.expense inclusive of the aforementioned restructuring charges associated with a workforce reduction as well as other operating expenses.
Total assets were $45.8$42.7 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to $42.6$41.3 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in our cash and cash equivalents balance within our investment portfolios, along with growth in consumer loans associated with Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card. Additionally, as of March 31,September 30, 2023, the amortized cost of the legacy mortgage portfolio was $272$238 million, compared to $341$306 million at March 31,September 30, 2022, which partially offset the increase.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Cash and Securities
The following table summarizes the composition of the cash and securities portfolio at fair value for Corporate and Other.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents
Noninterest-bearing cashNoninterest-bearing cash$494 $451 Noninterest-bearing cash$528 $451 
Interest-bearing cashInterest-bearing cash8,762 4,628 Interest-bearing cash7,433 4,628 
Total cash and cash equivalentsTotal cash and cash equivalents9,256 5,079 Total cash and cash equivalents7,961 5,079 
Equity securities (a)Equity securities (a)9 — 
Available-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securitiesAvailable-for-sale securities
Debt securitiesDebt securitiesDebt securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agenciesU.S. Treasury and federal agencies1,565 1,531 U.S. Treasury and federal agencies1,524 1,531 
U.S. States and political subdivisionsU.S. States and political subdivisions281 286 U.S. States and political subdivisions246 286 
Agency mortgage-backed residentialAgency mortgage-backed residential15,392 15,607 Agency mortgage-backed residential13,722 15,607 
Mortgage-backed residentialMortgage-backed residential4,047 4,064 Mortgage-backed residential3,660 4,064 
Agency mortgage-backed commercialAgency mortgage-backed commercial3,652 3,535 Agency mortgage-backed commercial3,466 3,535 
Asset-backedAsset-backed419 433 Asset-backed354 433 
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $29,703 and $30,227)25,356 25,456 
Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $28,791 and $30,227)Total available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $28,791 and $30,227)22,972 25,456 
Held-to-maturity securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesHeld-to-maturity securities
Debt securitiesDebt securitiesDebt securities
Agency mortgage-backed residentialAgency mortgage-backed residential891 884 Agency mortgage-backed residential779 884 
Total held-to-maturity securities (amortized cost of $1,047 and $1,062)891 884 
Total held-to-maturity securities (amortized cost of $1,013 and $1,062)Total held-to-maturity securities (amortized cost of $1,013 and $1,062)779 884 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and securitiesTotal cash, cash equivalents, and securities$35,503 $31,419 Total cash, cash equivalents, and securities$31,721 $31,419 
85

Table(a)Includes a $9 million investment in BHF as of ContentsSeptember 30, 2023, which was recorded as a nonmarketable equity investment as of December 31, 2022 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Other Investments
The following table summarizes other investments at carrying value for Corporate and Other. Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on these investments.
($ in millions)
($ in millions)
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Other assetsOther assetsOther assets
Investment in qualified affordable housing projectsInvestment in qualified affordable housing projects$1,616 $1,596 Investment in qualified affordable housing projects$1,630 $1,596 
Nonmarketable equity investments(a)Nonmarketable equity investments(a)779 794 Nonmarketable equity investments(a)799 794 
Equity-method investments (a)(b)Equity-method investments (a)(b)543 563 Equity-method investments (a)(b)592 563 
Total other investmentsTotal other investments$2,938 $2,953 Total other investments$3,021 $2,953 
(a)Includes a $19 million investment in BMC Holdco as of December 31, 2022, which was transferred to equity securities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2023.
(b)Primarily comprised of 56comprises 59 and 55 investments made in connection with our CRA program at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of these investments was $537$584 million and $557 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Nonmarketable equity investments and equity-method investments include strategic investments made through Ally Ventures. Ally Ventures identifies, invests in, and builds relationships with key startups. At March 31,September 30, 2023, the carrying value of investments made through Ally Ventures was $65$49 million, comprising 18 investments, as compared to $81 million comprising 18 investments at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Ally Invest
Ally Invest is our digital brokerage and wealth managementpersonal advice offering, which enables us to complement our competitive deposit products with low-cost and commission-free investing. The following table presents trading days and average customer trades per day, the number of funded accounts, total net customer assets, and total customer cash balances as of the end of each of the last five quarters.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2022September 30, 2023June 30, 2023March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022
Trading days (a)Trading days (a)62.0 62.5 64.0 62.0 62.0 Trading days (a)62.5 62.0 62.0 62.5 64.0 
Average customer trades per day, (in thousands)
Average customer trades per day, (in thousands)
29.1 27.1 29.1 33.7 40.2 
Average customer trades per day, (in thousands)
24.9 26.2 29.1 27.1 29.1 
Funded accounts (b) (in thousands)
Funded accounts (b) (in thousands)
523 518 521 518 517 
Funded accounts (b) (in thousands)
524 521 523 518 521 
Total net customer assets (b) ($ in millions)
Total net customer assets (b) ($ in millions)
$14,060 $12,834 $13,095 $13,508 $16,773 
Total net customer assets (b) ($ in millions)
$13,981 $14,945 $14,060 $12,834 $13,095 
Total customer cash balances (b) ($ in millions)
Total customer cash balances (b) ($ in millions)
$1,622 $1,757 $1,917 $2,027 $2,268 
Total customer cash balances (b) ($ in millions)
$1,363 $1,578 $1,622 $1,757 $1,917 
(a)Represents the number of days the New York Stock Exchange and other U.S. stock exchange markets are open for trading. A half day represents a day when the U.S. markets close early.
(b)Represents activity across the brokerage, robo, and wealth managementpersonal advice portfolios.
During the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, macroeconomic uncertainty and market volatility continued to impact customer engagement and trade activity. Totaltotal funded accounts increased 1% from both the prior quarter and from the firstthird quarter of 2022. Average customer trades per day increased 7%decreased 5% from the prior quarter and decreased 28%14% from the firstthird quarter of 2022, driven primarily by continued lower customer engagement and market volatility.engagement. Additionally, net customer assets increased 10%decreased 6% from the prior quarter and decreased 16%increased 7% from the firstthird quarter of 2022, as a result ofconsistent with changes in equity market valuations.
Ally Lending
Ally Lending is our unsecured personal lending offering, which primarily serves medicalhome improvement and home improvementmedical service providers by enabling promotional and fixed rate installment-loan products through a digital application process at point-of-sale. Total activeActive merchants totaled approximately 3,3002,900 as of March 31, 2023, reflecting an increase of 2% from March 31, 2022. Total activeSeptember 30, 2023. Active borrowers totaled approximately 500,000 as of March 31,September 30, 2023, reflecting an increase of 42%11% compared to March 31,September 30, 2022.
The following table presents personal lending originations by average FICO® Score.
Three months ended March 31, 2023Three months ended March 31, 2022Three months ended September 30, 2023Three months ended September 30, 2022Nine months ended September 30, 2023Nine months ended September 30, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)VolumeAverage FICO®VolumeAverage FICO®($ in millions)VolumeAverage FICO®Volume (a)Average FICO®VolumeAverage FICO®Volume (a)Average FICO®
Total personal lending originations (a)Total personal lending originations (a)$440 746 $442 734Total personal lending originations (a)$382 757 $599 735$1,258 753 $1,632 734
(a)Includes loans for which we have elected the fair value option measurement.measurement during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, personal lending originations decreased $2$217 million and $374 million to $440$382 million and $1.3 billion, as compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
The carrying value of our personal lending portfolio was $2.1$2.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to $1.2$1.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2022, while the associated yield was 9.9% and 10.0% for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to 12.6%11.0% and 11.8% for the three months and nine months ended March
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31,September 30, 2022. The decreasedecreases in associated yield for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in 2022, waswere due to increased originations in the home improvement vertical.vertical, as well as a shift in origination mix to customers with higher average FICO® scores.
The following table presents the percentage of total finance receivables and loans of Ally Lending by vertical. The finance receivables and loans are reported at amortized cost.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
VerticalVerticalVertical
Home improvementHome improvement64.2 %61.9 %Home improvement72.0 %61.9 %
MedicalMedical35.6 37.9 Medical27.8 37.9 
OtherOther0.2 0.2 Other0.2 0.2 
Total finance receivables and loans (a)Total finance receivables and loans (a)100.0 %100.0 %Total finance receivables and loans (a)100.0 %100.0 %
(a)Includes loans for which we have elected the fair value option measurement.
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Ally Credit Card
Ally Credit Card is our scalable, digital-first credit card platform that features leading-edge technology, and a proprietary, analytics-based underwriting model. The following table presents total active cardholders and finance receivables and loans.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total active cardholders (in thousands)
Total active cardholders (in thousands)
1,097 1,042 
Total active cardholders (in thousands)
1,199 1,042 
Finance receivables and loans ($ in millions)
Finance receivables and loans ($ in millions)
$1,640 $1,599 
Finance receivables and loans ($ in millions)
$1,872 $1,599 

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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Risk Management
Managing the risk/reward trade-off is a fundamental component of operating our businesses, and all employees are responsible for managing risk. We use multiple layers of defense to identify, monitor, and manage current and emerging risks.
Business lines — Responsible for owning and managing all the risks that emanate from their risk-taking activities, including business units and support functions.
Independent risk management — Operates independent of the business lines and is responsible for establishing and maintaining our risk-management framework and promulgating it enterprise-wide. Independent risk management also provides an objective, critical assessment of risks and—through oversight, effective challenge, and other means—evaluates whether Ally remains aligned with its risk appetite.
Internal audit — Provides its own independent assessments regarding the quality of our loan portfolios as well as the effectiveness of our risk management, internal controls, and governance. Internal audit includes Audit Services and the Loan Review Group.
Our risk-management framework is overseen by the RC. The RC sets the risk appetite across our company while risk-oriented management committees, the executive leadership team, and our associates identify and monitor current and emerging risks and manage those risks within our risk appetite. Our primary types of risks include credit risk, insurance/underwriting risk, liquidity risk, market risk, business/strategic risk, reputation risk, operational risk, information technology/cybersecurity risk, compliance risk, and conduct risk. For more information on our risk management process, refer to the Risk Management MD&A section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In addition to the primary risks that we manage, climate-related risk has been identified as an emerging risk. Climate-related risk refers to the risk of loss or change in business activities arising from climate change and represents a transverse risk that could impact other risks within Ally’s risk-management framework, such as credit risk from negatively impacted borrowers, reputation risk from increased stakeholder concerns, and operational risk from physical climate risks. Refer to section titled Climate-Related Risk within this section for more information.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Loan and Operating Lease Exposure
The following table summarizes the exposures from our loan and operating-lease activities based on our reportable operating segments.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Finance receivables and loansFinance receivables and loansFinance receivables and loans
Automotive Finance (a)Automotive Finance (a)$102,906 $102,070 Automotive Finance (a)$106,427 $102,070 
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance19,189 19,445 Mortgage Finance18,657 19,445 
Corporate FinanceCorporate Finance10,003 10,147 Corporate Finance10,637 10,147 
Corporate and Other (b)Corporate and Other (b)4,206 4,086 Corporate and Other (b)4,539 4,086 
Total finance receivables and loansTotal finance receivables and loans136,304 135,748 Total finance receivables and loans140,260 135,748 
Loans held-for-saleLoans held-for-saleLoans held-for-sale
Automotive FinanceAutomotive Finance19 Automotive Finance21 
Mortgage Finance (c)Mortgage Finance (c)24 13 Mortgage Finance (c)29 13 
Corporate FinanceCorporate Finance266 445 Corporate Finance81 445 
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other215 190 Corporate and Other158 190 
Total loans held-for-saleTotal loans held-for-sale524 654 Total loans held-for-sale289 654 
Total on-balance-sheet loansTotal on-balance-sheet loans136,828 136,402 Total on-balance-sheet loans140,549 136,402 
Whole-loan salesWhole-loan salesWhole-loan sales
Automotive FinanceAutomotive Finance461 227 Automotive Finance835 227 
Corporate and OtherCorporate and Other118 103 Corporate and Other131 103 
Total off-balance-sheet loans (d)Total off-balance-sheet loans (d)579 330 Total off-balance-sheet loans (d)966 330 
Operating lease assetsOperating lease assetsOperating lease assets
Automotive FinanceAutomotive Finance10,236 10,444 Automotive Finance9,569 10,444 
Total operating lease assetsTotal operating lease assets10,236 10,444 Total operating lease assets9,569 10,444 
Total loan and operating lease exposureTotal loan and operating lease exposure$147,643 $147,176 Total loan and operating lease exposure$151,084 $147,176 
(a)Includes a liability of $402$358 million and $617 million associated with fair value hedging adjustments at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)Includes $272$238 million and $290 million of consumer mortgage loans in our legacy mortgage portfolio at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(c)Represents the current balance of conforming mortgages originated directly to the held-for-sale portfolio.
(d)Represents the current unpaid principal balance of outstanding loans based on our customary representation and warranty provisions.
The risks inherent in our loan and operating lease exposures are largely driven by changes in the overall economy (including GDP trends and inflationary pressures), used vehicle and housing prices, unemployment levels, real personal income, household savings, and their impact on our borrowers. The potential financial statement impact of these exposures varies depending on the accounting classification and future expected disposition strategy. We retain most of our consumer automotive and credit card loans as they complement our core business model, but we do sell loans from time to time on an opportunistic basis. We ultimately manage the associated risks based on the underlying economics of the exposure. Our operating lease residual risk may be more volatile than credit risk in stressed macroeconomic scenarios. While all operating leases are exposed to potential reductions in used vehicle values, only loans where we take possession of the vehicle are affected by potential reductions in used vehicle values.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is defined as the risk of loss arising from an obligor not meeting its contractual obligations to us. Credit risk includes consumer credit risk, commercial credit risk, and counterparty credit risk.
Credit risk is a major source of potential economic loss to us. Credit risk is monitored by the executive leadership team and our associates, and is regularly reported to and reviewed with the RC. Management oversees credit decisioning, account servicing activities, and credit-risk-management processes, and manages credit risk exposures within our risk appetite. In addition, our Loan Review Group provides an independent assessment of the quality of our credit portfolios and credit-risk-management practices and reports its findings to the RC on a regular basis.
To mitigate risk, we have implemented specific policies and practices across business lines, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This reflects our commitment to maintaining an independent and ongoing assessment of credit risk and credit quality. Our policies require an objective and timely assessment of the overall quality of the consumer and commercial loan and operating lease portfolios. This includes the identification of relevant trends that affect the collectability of the portfolios, microsegments of the portfolios that are potential problem areas, loans and operating leases with potential credit weaknesses, and the assessment of the adequacy of internal credit risk policies
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and procedures. Our consumer and commercial loan and operating lease portfolios are subject to periodic stress tests, which include economic scenarios whose severity mirrors those developed and distributed by the FRB to assess how the portfolios may perform in a severe economic downturn. In addition, we establish and maintain underwriting policies and limits across our portfolios and higher risk segments (for example, nonprime) based on our risk appetite.
Another important aspect to managing credit risk involves the need to carefully monitor and manage the performance and pricing of our loan products with the aim of generating appropriate risk-adjusted returns. When considering pricing, various granular risk-based factors are considered such as expected loss rates, loss volatility, anticipated operating costs, and targeted returns on equity. We carefully monitor credit losses and trends in credit losses relative to expected credit losses at contract inception. We closely monitor our loan performance and profitability in light of forecasted economic conditions and manage credit risk and expectations of losses in the portfolio.
We manage credit risk based on the risk profile of the borrower, the source of repayment, the underlying collateral, and current market and economic conditions. We monitor the credit risk profile of individual borrowers, various segmentations (for example, geographic region, product type, industry segment), as well as the aggregate portfolio. We perform quarterly analyses of the consumer automotive, consumer mortgage, consumer other, and commercial portfolios to assess the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses based on historical, current, and anticipated trends. Refer to Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Additionally, we utilize numerous collection strategies to mitigate loss and provide ongoing support to customers in financial distress. We have enhanced our collection strategies to include customized messaging, digital communication, and proactive monitoring of vendor performance. We may offer several types of assistance to aid our customers based on their willingness and ability to repay their loan. As part of certain programs, we offer loan modifications to qualified borrowers, including payment extensions, interest rate concessions, and principal forgiveness.
Furthermore, we manage our credit exposure to financial counterparties based on the risk profile of the counterparty. Within our policies we have established standards and requirements for managing counterparty risk exposures in a safe and sound manner. Counterparty credit risk is derived from multiple exposure types including derivatives, securities trading, securities financing transactions, lending arrangements, and certain cash balances. For more information on derivative counterparty credit risk, refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
We employ an internal team of economists to enhance our planning and forecasting capabilities. This team conducts industry and market research, monitors economic risks, and helps support various forms of scenario planning. This group closely monitors macroeconomic trends given the nature of our business and the potential impacts on our exposure to credit risk. The unemployment rate remained low at 3.5%3.8% as of March 31,September 30, 2023. Sales of new light vehicles rose toremained at an average annual rate of 15.315.6 million during the firstthird quarter of 2023. Sales of new light motor vehicles remain below the pre-pandemic annual pace of 17.0 million in 2019, driving an increase in used vehicle values, as further described in the section below titled Operating Lease Vehicle Terminations and Remarketing. Additionally, used vehicle values may also be impacted by availability, the price of new vehicles, or changes in customer preferences. However, macroeconomic risks remain elevated, as continuing claims for unemployment insurance reached a 15-month high in the week ended March 25, 2023.elevated.
Consumer Credit Portfolio
During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the credit performance of the consumer loan portfolio reflected our underwriting strategy to originate a diversified portfolio of consumer automotive loan assets, including new, used, prime and nonprime finance receivables and loans, high-quality jumbo and LMI mortgage loans that are obtained through bulk loan purchases and direct-to-consumer mortgage originations, as well as point-of-sale personal lending through Ally Lending. We also offer revolving, unsecured loans through Ally Credit Card. The carrying value of our nonprime held-for-investment consumer automotive loans before allowance for loan losses represented approximately 10.5%10.3% and 10.6% of our total consumer automotive loans at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For information on our consumer credit risk practices and policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, and charge-offs, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table includes consumer finance receivables and loans recorded at amortized cost.
OutstandingNonperforming (a)Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)OutstandingNonperforming (a)Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Consumer automotive (c) (d)Consumer automotive (c) (d)$83,640 $83,286 $1,110 $1,187 $ $— Consumer automotive (c) (d)$85,370 $83,286 $1,110 $1,187 $ $— 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance19,189 19,445 34 34  — Mortgage Finance18,657 19,445 33 34  — 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy272 290 15 15  — Mortgage — Legacy238 290 13 15  — 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage19,461 19,735 49 49  — Total consumer mortgage18,895 19,735 46 49  — 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal Lending (e)Personal Lending (e)2,072 1,987 12 13  — Personal Lending (e)2,206 1,987 14 13  — 
Credit CardCredit Card1,640 1,599 54 43  — Credit Card1,872 1,599 72 43  — 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other3,712 3,586 66 56  — Total consumer other4,078 3,586 86 56  — 
Total consumer finance receivables and loansTotal consumer finance receivables and loans$106,813 $106,607 $1,225 $1,292 $ $— Total consumer finance receivables and loans$108,343 $106,607 $1,242 $1,292 $ $— 
(a)Includes nonaccrual TDR loans of $684 million at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information of the elimination of TDR recognition in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2022-02.
(b)Loans are generally in nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for 90 days or more, or when full collection is not expected. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.
(c)Certain finance receivables and loans are included in fair value hedging relationships. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(d)Includes outstanding CSG loans of $10.2$10.3 billion and $10.0 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and RV loans of $548$486 million and $578 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.2022.
(e)Excludes finance receivables of $2 million and $3 million at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option.
Total consumer finance receivables and loans increased $206 million$1.7 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, compared with December 31, 2022. The increase consists of $354 million$2.1 billion of consumer automotive finance receivables and loans and $126$492 million of consumer other finance receivables and loans, primarily due to loan originations outpacing portfolio runoff. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $274$840 million of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, which resulted from portfolio runoff outpacing originations and purchases. When interest rates rise, the likelihood of refinancing decreases and origination volumes tend to decrease.
Total consumer nonperforming finance receivables and loans at March 31,September 30, 2023, decreased $67$50 million to $1.2 billion from December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Nonperforming consumer finance receivables and loans as a percentage of total outstanding consumer finance receivables and loans were 1.1% and 1.2% at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Consumer automotive loans accruing and past due 30 days or more decreased $248increased $328 million to $2.7 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to $3.0 billion atwith December 31, 2022, which wasas delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, driven by seasonality. Consumer payment activity is typically strong duringpersistent inflation. During the first quarternine months ended September 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the year due to consumers receiving tax refunds.nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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The following table includes consumer net charge-offs from finance receivables and loans at amortized cost and related ratios.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
Net charge-offs (recoveries)Net charge-off ratios (a)Net charge-offs (recoveries)Net charge-off ratios (a)Net charge-offs (recoveries)Net charge-off ratios (a)
($ in millions)($ in millions)2023202220232022($ in millions)20232022202320222023202220232022
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$351 $113 1.7 %0.6 %Consumer automotive$393 $217 1.8 %1.1 %$1,021 $438 1.6 %0.7 %
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance  —  —  — 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy(1)(2)(1.6)(3.2)Mortgage — Legacy(2)(2)(3.0)(3.1)(4)(7)(2.1)(2.9)
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage(1)(2) — Total consumer mortgage(2)(1) — (4)(7) (0.1)
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal LendingPersonal Lending30 15 5.8 5.4 Personal Lending29 16 5.3 3.9 86 44 5.4 4.3 
Credit CardCredit Card29 7.2 3.4 Credit Card39 13 8.4 4.0 104 32 8.0 3.7 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other59 23 6.4 4.3 Total consumer other68 29 6.7 4.0 190 76 6.6 4.0 
Total consumer finance receivables and loansTotal consumer finance receivables and loans$409 $134 1.5 0.5 Total consumer finance receivables and loans$459 $245 1.7 0.9 $1,207 $507 1.5 0.7 
(a)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as net charge-offs divided by average outstanding finance receivables and loans excluding loans measured at fair value and loans held-for-sale during the period for each loan category.
Our net charge-offs from total consumer finance receivables and loans were $409$459 million and $1.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to net charge-offs of $134$245 million and $507 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. Net charge-offs for our consumer automotive portfolio increased by $238$176 million and $583 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periodperiods in 2022. We experienced increased net charge-offs in our consumer automotive portfolio,2022, as delinquencies have increased amid deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, from March 31,driven by persistent inflation. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we observed a slowing rate of increase in delinquency trends within our consumer automotive loan portfolio, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The following table summarizes total consumer loan originations for the periods shown. Total consumer loan originations include loans classified as finance receivables and loans held-for-sale during the period.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Consumer automotive (a)Consumer automotive (a)$9,014 $10,576 Consumer automotive (a)$10,076 $11,323 $28,862 $34,264 
Consumer mortgage (b)Consumer mortgage (b)197 1,680 Consumer mortgage (b)267 521 731 3,086 
Consumer other (c) (d)Consumer other (c) (d)440 442 Consumer other (c) (d)382 599 1,258 1,632 
Total consumer loan originationsTotal consumer loan originations$9,651 $12,698 Total consumer loan originations$10,725 $12,443 $30,851 $38,982 
(a)Includes loans purchased under forward flow agreements with automotive retailers, as well as $260$224 million and $694 million of loans originated as held-for-sale for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023.September 30, 2023, respectively, and $63 million for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(b)Excludes bulk loan purchases associated with our Mortgage Finance operations, and includes $177$221 million and $629 million of loans originated as held-for-sale for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, and $995$415 million and $2.0 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022.
(c)Includes loans related to our Ally Lending business for which we have elected the fair value option measurement.measurement during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(d)Excludes credit card loans which are revolving in nature.
Total consumer loan originations decreased $3.0$1.7 billion and $8.1 billion for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The decrease wasdecreases were primarily due to decreased loan originations within the consumer automotive portfolio, as a result of our dynamic underwriting strategies, including strategic pricing and curtailment actions to optimize our risk appetite and returns. The decrease wasdecreases were also impacted by decreased loan originations within the consumer mortgage portfolio, due to a higher interest rate environment.
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The following table shows the percentage of consumer finance receivables and loans by state concentration based on amortized cost.
March 31, 2023 (a)December 31, 2022September 30, 2023 (a)December 31, 2022
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (b)Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (b)Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherConsumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer other (b)
CaliforniaCalifornia8.7 %38.9 %8.1 %8.7 %38.8 %8.4 %California8.6 %39.1 %7.4 %8.7 %38.8 %8.4 %
TexasTexas13.7 7.3 7.7 13.6 7.3 7.7 Texas13.7 7.3 7.6 13.6 7.3 7.7 
FloridaFlorida9.6 6.5 7.7 9.5 6.6 7.8 Florida9.5 6.5 7.8 9.5 6.6 7.8 
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania4.5 2.1 4.6 4.5 2.1 4.6 Pennsylvania4.5 2.1 4.4 4.5 2.1 4.6 
GeorgiaGeorgia4.1 2.9 3.5 4.1 2.9 3.5 Georgia4.1 2.9 3.4 4.1 2.9 3.5 
North CarolinaNorth Carolina4.1 1.9 4.7 4.1 1.9 4.6 North Carolina4.3 1.9 4.9 4.1 1.9 4.6 
New YorkNew York3.6 1.9 4.4 3.6 1.9 4.8 
IllinoisIllinois3.5 2.8 4.3 3.5 2.8 4.3 Illinois3.3 2.8 4.2 3.5 2.8 4.3 
New York3.6 1.9 4.7 3.6 1.9 4.8 
New JerseyNew Jersey3.2 2.4 3.6 3.2 2.4 3.6 New Jersey3.2 2.4 3.6 3.2 2.4 3.6 
OhioOhio3.4 0.4 3.6 3.4 0.4 3.6 Ohio3.4 0.4 3.6 3.4 0.4 3.6 
Other United StatesOther United States41.6 32.9 47.5 41.8 32.9 47.1 Other United States41.8 32.7 48.7 41.8 32.9 47.1 
Total consumer loansTotal consumer loans100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %Total consumer loans100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %100.0 %
(a)Presentation is in descending order as a percentage of total consumer finance receivables and loans at March 31,September 30, 2023.
(b)Excludes $2 million and $3 million of finance receivables at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, for which we have elected the fair value option.
We monitor our consumer loan portfolio for concentration risk across the states in which we lend. The highest concentrations of consumer loans are in California and Texas, which represented an aggregate of 26.1% and 26.5% of our total outstanding consumer finance receivables and loans at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.2022, respectively. Our consumer mortgage loan portfolio concentration within California, which is primarily composed of high-quality jumbo mortgage loans, generally aligns to the California share of jumbo mortgages nationally.
Repossessed and Foreclosed Assets
We classify a repossessed or foreclosed asset as held-for-sale, which is included in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, when physical possession of the collateral is taken. We dispose of the acquired collateral in a timely fashion in accordance with regulatory requirements. For more information on repossessed and foreclosed assets, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Repossessed consumer automotive loan assets in our Automotive Finance operations were $216$207 million and $182$183 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and foreclosed mortgage assets were $1 million and $2 million at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Commercial Credit Portfolio
During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the credit performance of the commercial portfolio remained strong. For information on our commercial credit risk practices and policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, and charge-offs, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table includes total commercial finance receivables and loans reported at amortized cost.
OutstandingNonperforming (a)Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)OutstandingNonperforming (a)Accruing past due 90 days or more (b)
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive$14,905 $14,595 $ $$ $— Automotive$16,605 $14,595 $96 $$ $— 
Other (c)Other (c)9,075 9,154 159 157  — Other (c)9,376 9,154 159 157  — 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate5,509 5,389  —  — Commercial real estate5,936 5,389 3 —  — 
Total commercial finance receivables and loansTotal commercial finance receivables and loans$29,489 $29,138 $159 $162 $ $— Total commercial finance receivables and loans$31,917 $29,138 $258 $162 $ $— 
(a)Includes nonaccrual TDR loans of $157 million at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information of the elimination of TDR recognition in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2022-02.
(b)Loans are generally in nonaccrual status when principal or interest has been delinquent for 90 days or more, or when full collection is not expected. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on our accounting policy for finance receivables and loans on nonaccrual status.
(c)Other commercial and industrial primarily includes senior secured commercial lending largely associated with our Corporate Finance operations.
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Total commercial finance receivables and loans outstanding increased $351 million$2.8 billion from December 31, 2022, to $29.5$31.9 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023. Results were driven by a $482 million$2.3 billion increase in our Automotive Finance segment, primarily within the commercial and industrial receivables class. This was partially offset by a $144 million decrease in our Corporate Finance segment.
Total commercial nonperforming finance receivables and loans were $159$258 million at March 31,September 30, 2023, reflecting a decreasean increase of $3$96 million compared to December 31, 2022. Nonperforming commercial finance receivables and loans as a percentage of outstanding commercial finance receivables and loans decreased to 0.5% at March 31, 2023, compared towas 0.8% and 0.6% at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.2022, respectively.
The following table includes total commercial net charge-offs from finance receivables and loans at amortized cost and related ratios.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
Net recoveriesNet charge-off ratios (a)Net charge-offs (recoveries)Net charge-off ratios (a)Net charge-offs (recoveries)Net charge-off ratios (a)
($ in millions)($ in millions)2023202220232022($ in millions)20232022202320222023202220232022
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive$ $(1) %— %Automotive$ $—  %— %$4 $(1) %— %
OtherOther(3)31 (0.1)1.6 5357 0.8 1.0 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate —  — (1) — 
Total commercial finance receivables and loansTotal commercial finance receivables and loans$ $(1) — Total commercial finance receivables and loans$(3)$31  0.5 $57 $55 0.3 0.3 
(a)Net charge-off ratios are calculated as net charge-offs divided by average outstanding finance receivables and loans excluding loans measured at fair value and loans held-for-sale during the period for each loan category.
We had net recoveries of $3 million and net charge-offs of $57 million from total commercial finance receivables and loans for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to net charge-offs of $31 million and $55 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was primarily driven by a partial charge-off of one exposure in our Corporate Finance operations during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
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Commercial Real Estate
The commercial real estate portfolio consists of finance receivables and loans issued primarily to automotive dealers. Commercial real estate finance receivables and loans were $5.5$5.9 billion and $5.4 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which represented 4.2% and 4.0% of total outstanding finance receivables and loans at both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, $4.4There were $4.5 billion and $1.0$4.2 billion of commercial real estate loans were included in the Automotive Finance segment at September 30, 2023, and Corporate Finance segments,December 31, 2022, respectively, compared to $4.2and $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion as of commercial real estate loans included in the Corporate Finance segment at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
The following table presents the percentage of total commercial real estate finance receivables and loans by state concentration based on amortized cost.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
FloridaFlorida18.4 %17.9 %Florida18.7 %17.9 %
TexasTexas14.8 14.9 Texas14.1 14.9 
CaliforniaCalifornia9.0 8.4 California7.6 8.4 
OhioOhio5.5 4.2 
North CarolinaNorth Carolina5.6 5.3 North Carolina5.1 5.3 
New YorkNew York5.1 6.3 New York5.1 6.3 
MichiganMichigan4.2 4.2 Michigan3.8 4.2 
Ohio4.1 4.2 
TennesseeTennessee3.6 1.2 
GeorgiaGeorgia3.1 3.1 Georgia3.0 3.1 
Utah2.7 2.9 
Illinois2.6 2.7 
MissouriMissouri2.7 2.6 
Other United StatesOther United States30.4 30.1 Other United States30.8 31.9 
Total commercial real estate finance receivables and loansTotal commercial real estate finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %Total commercial real estate finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %
Commercial Criticized Exposure
Finance receivables and loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful are reported as criticized. These classifications are based on regulatory definitions and generally represent finance receivables and loans within our portfolio that have a higher default risk or have already defaulted. These finance receivables and loans require additional monitoring and review including specific actions to mitigate our potential loss.
Total criticized exposures decreased $12$437 million from December 31, 2022, to $2.6$2.2 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023. The decrease in total criticized exposures was primarily driven by a decrease in Special Mention loans within the commercial and industrial portfolio class of our Automotive Finance operations. Total criticized exposures were 8.9%6.9% and 9.1% of total commercial finance receivables and loans at March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, representing strong overall credit performance as the commercial loan portfolio continues to grow.
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The following table presents the percentage of total commercial criticized finance receivables and loans by industry concentration based on amortized cost.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
IndustryIndustryIndustry
AutomotiveAutomotive51.6 %53.4 %Automotive50.0 %53.4 %
ServicesServices15.3 6.5 
ElectronicsElectronics12.0 11.9 Electronics13.9 11.9 
Services11.1 6.5 
OtherOther25.3 28.2 Other20.8 28.2 
Total commercial criticized finance receivables and loansTotal commercial criticized finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %Total commercial criticized finance receivables and loans100.0 %100.0 %
Allowance for Loan Losses
Our quantitatively determined allowance under CECL is impacted by certain forecasted economic factors as further described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For example, our consumer automotive allowance for loan losses is most sensitive to state-level unemployment rates. Our process for determining the allowance for loan losses considers a borrower’s willingness and ability to pay and considers other factors, including loan modification programs. In addition to our quantitative allowance for loan losses, we also incorporate qualitative adjustments that may relate to idiosyncratic risks, weather-related events, changes in current economic conditions that may not be reflected in quantitatively derived results, such as the impacts associated with COVID-19, and other macroeconomic uncertainty. We also monitor model performance, using model error and related assessments, and we may incorporate qualitative reserves to adjust our
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quantitatively determined allowance if we observe deterioration in model performance. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis of our allowance utilizing varying macroeconomic scenarios, as described further within Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Credit Losses within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Through March 31,September 30, 2023, forecasted economic variables incorporated into our quantitative allowance processes were updated to include the current macroeconomic environment and our future expectations reflecting mild recessionary conditionsslow GDP growth in 2023.the near term. This included (but were not limited to) the following: the unemployment rate rising to approximately 4.5%4.3% in the third quarter of 2024, before reverting to the historical mean of approximately 6.2% by the third quarter of 2026, GDP growth slowing as measured on a quarter-over-quarter seasonally adjusted annualized rate basis through the first quarter of 2024, before reverting to the historical mean of approximately 6.3% by the first quarter of 2026, negative GDP growth as measured on a quarter-over-quarter seasonally adjusted annualized rate basis through the second quarter of 2023, before reverting to the historical mean of approximately 1.9% by the firstthird quarter of 2026, and increases in new light vehicle sales on a seasonally adjusted annualized rate basis of approximately 16 million units by the third quarter of 2024, before reverting to approximatelythe historical mean of 15 million units fromby the second halfthird quarter of 2023 through the forecast horizon.2026. Additionally, we maintain a qualitative allowance framework to account for ongoing uncertainty and volatility in the macroeconomic environment (including the impact of inflationary pressures) that could adversely impact frequency of loss and LGD. Our overall allowance for loan losses increased $40$56 million from the prior quarter to $3.8 billion at March 31,September 30, 2023, representing 2.8% and 2.7% as a percentage of total finance receivables at March 31,both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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2022.
The following tables present an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses on finance receivables and loans for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and March 31,September 30, 2022, respectively.
($ in millions)Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 ($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2023$3,020 $27 $426 $3,473 $238 $3,711 
Allowance at July 1, 2023Allowance at July 1, 2023$3,064 $23 $476 $3,563 $218 $3,781 
Charge-offs (a)Charge-offs (a)(536)(1)(64)(601) (601)Charge-offs (a)(602) (74)(676)(1)(677)
RecoveriesRecoveries185 2 5 192  192 Recoveries209 2 6 217 4 221 
Net charge-offsNet charge-offs(351)1 (59)(409) (409)Net charge-offs(393)2 (68)(459)3 (456)
Provision due to change in portfolio sizeProvision due to change in portfolio size5  14 19 (1)18 Provision due to change in portfolio size36  21 57 6 63 
Provision due to incremental charge-offsProvision due to incremental charge-offs351 (1)59 409  409 Provision due to incremental charge-offs393 (2)68 459 (3)456 
Provision due to all other factorsProvision due to all other factors(3)(3)15 9 13 22 Provision due to all other factors4 (2)(21)(19)12 (7)
Total provision for credit losses (b)Total provision for credit losses (b)353 (4)88 437 12 449 Total provision for credit losses (b)433 (4)68 497 15 512 
OtherOther (1) (1)1  Other 1 (2)(1)1  
Allowance at March 31, 2023$3,022 $23 $455 $3,500 $251 $3,751 
Allowance at September 30, 2023Allowance at September 30, 2023$3,104 $22 $474 $3,600 $237 $3,837 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 20231.7 % %6.4 %1.5 % %1.2 %
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans at March 31, 2023 (c)272.3 %47.1 %692.3 %285.7 %157.7 %271.0 %
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding at March 31, 20231.3 %0.3 %1.8 %1.1 %0.5 %1.0 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at March 31, 20232.2 (4.9)1.9 2.1 (328.9)2.3 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2023Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 20231.8 % %6.7 %1.7 % %1.3 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at September 30, 2023Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at September 30, 20232.0 (2.8)1.8 2.0 (17.9)2.1 
(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(b)Excludes $3$4 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Nine months ended September 30, 2023
($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2023$3,020 $27 $426 $3,473 $238 $3,711 
Charge-offs (a)(1,634)(3)(208)(1,845)(62)(1,907)
Recoveries613 7 18 638 5 643 
Net charge-offs(1,021)4 (190)(1,207)(57)(1,264)
Provision due to change in portfolio size66 (1)61 126 9 135 
Provision due to incremental charge-offs1,021 (4)190 1,207 57 1,264 
Provision due to all other factors19 (4)(12)3 (12)(9)
Total provision for credit losses (b)1,106 (9)239 1,336 54 1,390 
Other(1) (1)(2)2  
Allowance at September 30, 2023$3,104 $22 $474 $3,600 $237 $3,837 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 20231.6 % %6.6 %1.5 %0.3 %1.2 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at September 30, 20232.3 (4.0)1.9 2.2 3.1 2.3 
(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(b)Excludes $9 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Three months ended September 30, 2022
($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Allowance at July 1, 2022$2,885 $26 $303 $3,214 $236 $3,450 
Charge-offs (a)(381)(1)(33)(415)(32)(447)
Recoveries164 170 171 
Net charge-offs(217)(29)(245)(31)(276)
Provision due to change in portfolio size67 55 123 10 133 
Provision due to incremental charge-offs217 (2)29 244 31 275 
Provision due to all other factors42 — 15 57 (27)30 
Total provision for credit losses326 (1)99 424 14 438 
Other(1)(1)(1)— (1)
Allowance at September 30, 2022$2,993 $27 $372 $3,392 $219 $3,611 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 20221.1 %— %4.0 %0.9 %0.5 %0.8 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at September 30, 20223.4 (3.8)3.1 3.5 1.8 3.3 
(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
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Nine months ended September 30, 2022
($ in millions)
Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2022$2,769 $27 $221 $3,017 $250 $3,267 
Charge-offs (a)(934)(3)(84)(1,021)(58)(1,079)
Recoveries496 10 514 517 
Net charge-offs(438)(76)(507)(55)(562)
Provision due to change in portfolio size204 141 348 19 367 
Provision due to incremental charge-offs438 (8)76 506 55 561 
Provision due to all other factors21 (2)11 30 (51)(21)
Total provision for credit losses (b)663 (7)228 884 23 907 
Other(1)— (1)(2)(1)
Allowance at September 30, 2022$2,993 $27 $372 $3,392 $219 $3,611 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 20220.7 %(0.1)%4.0 %0.7 %0.3 %0.6 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at September 30, 20225.1 (2.7)3.7 5.0 3.0 4.8 
(a)Refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our charge-off policies.
(b)Excludes $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments. The liability related to the reserve for unfunded commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
($ in millions)Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
September 30, 2023
Allowance for loan losses to finance receivables and loans outstanding (a)3.6 %0.1 %11.6 %3.3 %0.7 %2.7 %
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans (a)279.6 %47.1 %549.1 %289.7 %91.6 %255.6 %
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding1.3 %0.2 %2.1 %1.1 %0.8 %1.1 %
September 30, 2022
Allowance for loan losses to finance receivables and loans outstanding (a)3.6 %0.1 %11.5 %3.2 %0.9 %2.7 %
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans (a)265.1 %49.9 %n/m278.1 %134.0 %261.1 %
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding1.4 %0.3 %1.1 %1.1 %0.6 %1.0 %
n/m = not meaningful
(a)Coverage percentages are based on the allowance for loan losses related to finance receivables and loans excluding those loans held at fair value as a percentage of the amortized cost.
($ in millions)Consumer automotiveConsumer mortgageConsumer otherTotal consumerCommercialTotal
Allowance at January 1, 2022$2,769 $27 $221 $3,017 $250 $3,267 
Charge-offs (a)(276)(1)(24)(301)— (301)
Recoveries163 167 168 
Net charge-offs(113)(23)(134)(133)
Provision due to change in portfolio size34 30 65 71 
Provision due to incremental charge-offs113 (2)23 134 (1)133 
Provision due to all other factors(40)(2)(36)(1)(37)
Total provision for credit losses107 (3)59 163 167 
Other— — (1)— 
Allowance at March 31, 2022$2,763 $26 $258 $3,047 $254 $3,301 
Net charge-offs to average finance receivables and loans outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 20220.6 %— %4.3 %0.5 %— %0.4 %
Allowance for loan losses to total nonperforming finance receivables and loans at March 31, 2022 (b)257.8 %34.4 %n/m260.9 %115.2 %237.7 %
Nonaccrual loans to finance receivables and loans outstanding at March 31, 20221.4 %0.4 %0.9 %1.2 %0.9 %1.1 %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs at March 31, 20226.1 (3.0)2.8 5.7 (596.3)6.2 
n/m= not meaningful
(a)ReferThe allowance for consumer loan losses as of September 30, 2023, increased $208 million compared to Note 1 toSeptember 30, 2022, reflecting an increase of $111 million in the Consolidated Financial Statementsconsumer automotive allowance, along with an increase of $102 million in the consumer other allowance, partially offset by a decrease of $5 million in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regardingconsumer mortgage allowance. The increase in our charge-off policies.consumer automotive allowance was primarily driven by portfolio growth and a higher coverage rate. The increase in the consumer other allowance was primarily driven by continued portfolio growth in Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card.
(b)Coverage percentages are based on theThe allowance for commercial loan losses relatedas of September 30, 2023, increased $18 million compared to finance receivablesSeptember 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher severity of recent defaults in the commercial and loans excluding those loans held at fair value as a percentageindustrial portfolio class of the amortized cost.our Automotive Finance operations and specific reserve builds in our Corporate Finance operations.
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The allowance for consumer loan losses as of March 31, 2023, increased $453 million compared to March 31, 2022, reflecting an increase of $259 million in the consumer automotive allowance, along with an increase of $197 million in the consumer other allowance. The increase in our consumer automotive allowance was primarily driven by portfolio growth. The increase in the consumer other allowance was primarily driven by continued growth in Ally Lending and Ally Credit Card.
The allowance for commercial loan losses as of March 31, 2023, decreased $3 million compared to March 31, 2022. The allowance for commercial loan losses remained relatively stable, as increases from portfolio growth were more than offset by a reduction in loan loss coverage from portfolio performance.
Provision for Loan Losses
The following table summarizes the provision for loan losses by loan portfolio class.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$353 $107 Consumer automotive$433 $326 $1,106 $663 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance(1)— Mortgage Finance(2)(3)
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy(3)(3)Mortgage — Legacy(2)(3)(6)(9)
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage(4)(3)Total consumer mortgage(4)(1)(9)(7)
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal LendingPersonal Lending49 36 Personal Lending23 42 95 109 
Credit CardCredit Card39 23 Credit Card45 57 144 119 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other88 59 Total consumer other68 99 239 228 
Total consumerTotal consumer437 163 Total consumer497 424 1,336 884 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive(1)— Automotive11 — 20 (1)
OtherOther16 Other5 13 37 29 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate(3)(5)Commercial real estate(1)(3)(5)
Total commercialTotal commercial12 Total commercial15 14 54 23 
Total provision for loan losses (a)Total provision for loan losses (a)$449 $167 Total provision for loan losses (a)$512 $438 $1,390 $907 
(a)Excludes $3$4 million and $9 million of benefit for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments during the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2023.September 30, 2023, respectively, and $2 million of provision for credit losses related to our reserve for unfunded commitments during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The provision for consumer credit losses increased $274$73 million and $452 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2022. The increaseincreases in provision for consumer credit losses for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, waswere primarily driven by higher net charge-offs across our consumer portfolios.
The provision for commercial credit losses increased $8$1 million and $31 million for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the threeand nine months ended March 31, 2023, the increaseSeptember 30, 2022. The increases in provision for commercial credit losses wasduring the nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily driven by reserve reductions in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, related to qualitative reserves established at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic within our Corporate Finance operations, in addition to higher provisions on specific exposures within our CorporateAutomotive Finance operations.operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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Allowance for Loan Losses by Type
The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio class.
2023202220232022
March 31, ($ in millions)
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance as a % of loans outstandingAllowance as a % of total allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan lossesAllowance as a % of
loans
outstanding
Allowance as a % of total allowance for loan losses
September 30, ($ in millions)
September 30, ($ in millions)
Allowance for loan lossesAllowance as a % of loans outstandingAllowance as a % of total allowance for loan lossesAllowance for loan lossesAllowance as a % of
loans
outstanding
Allowance as a % of total allowance for loan losses
Consumer automotiveConsumer automotive$3,022 3.6 80.6 $2,763 3.5 83.7 Consumer automotive$3,104 3.6 80.8 $2,993 3.6 82.9 
Consumer mortgageConsumer mortgageConsumer mortgage
Mortgage FinanceMortgage Finance20 0.1 0.5 19 0.1 0.6 Mortgage Finance19 0.1 0.5 21 0.1 0.6 
Mortgage — LegacyMortgage — Legacy3 1.1 0.1 2.0 0.2 Mortgage — Legacy3 1.3 0.1 1.9 0.1 
Total consumer mortgageTotal consumer mortgage23 0.1 0.6 26 0.1 0.8 Total consumer mortgage22 0.1 0.6 27 0.1 0.7 
Consumer otherConsumer otherConsumer other
Personal LendingPersonal Lending213 10.3 5.7 124 10.3 3.8 Personal Lending202 9.2 5.3 167 9.2 4.6 
Credit CardCredit Card242 14.7 6.4 134 12.9 4.0 Credit Card272 14.5 7.1 205 14.4 5.7 
Total consumer otherTotal consumer other455 12.3 12.1 258 11.5 7.8 Total consumer other474 11.6 12.4 372 11.5 10.3 
Total consumer loansTotal consumer loans3,500 3.3 93.3 3,047 3.1 92.3 Total consumer loans3,600 3.3 93.8 3,392 3.2 93.9 
CommercialCommercialCommercial
Commercial and industrialCommercial and industrialCommercial and industrial
AutomotiveAutomotive13 0.1 0.3 12 0.1 0.4 Automotive30 0.2 0.8 12 0.1 0.4 
OtherOther205 2.3 5.5 207 3.0 6.3 Other174 1.9 4.5 171 2.0 4.7 
Commercial real estateCommercial real estate33 0.6 0.9 35 0.7 1.0 Commercial real estate33 0.6 0.9 36 0.7 1.0 
Total commercial loansTotal commercial loans251 0.9 6.7 254 1.0 7.7 Total commercial loans237 0.7 6.2 219 0.9 6.1 
Total allowance for loan lossesTotal allowance for loan losses$3,751 2.8 100.0 $3,301 2.6 100.0 Total allowance for loan losses$3,837 2.7 100.0 $3,611 2.7 100.0 
Market Risk
Our financing, investing, and insurance activities give rise to market risk, or the potential change in the value of our assets (including securities, assets held-for-sale, loans and operating leases) and liabilities (including deposits and debt) due to movements in market variables, such as interest rates, spreads, foreign-exchange rates, equity prices, off-lease vehicle prices, and other equity investments.
The impact of changes in benchmark interest rates on our assets and liabilities (interest rate risk) represents an exposure to market risk and can affect interest rate sensitivities and cash flows when compared to our expectations. We primarily use interest rate derivatives to manage our interest rate risk exposure.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds target range to 4.75–5.00%5.25–5.50% to address the elevated inflation levels, with future rate increases still possible. Refer to the section below titled Net Financing Revenue Sensitivity Analysis for additional information on how future rate changes may impact net financing revenue.
The fair value of our spread-sensitive assets is also exposed to spread risk. Spread is the amount of additional return over the benchmark interest rates that an investor would demand for taking exposure to primarily credit and liquidity risk of an instrument. Generally, an increase in spreads would result in a decrease in fair value measurement.
We are also exposed to foreign-currency risk primarily from Canadian denominated assets and liabilities. We enter into foreign currency hedges to mitigate foreign exchange risk.
We have exposure to changes in the value of equity securities. We have exposure to equity securities with readily determinable fair values primarily related to our Insurance operations. For such equity securities, we use equity derivatives to manage our exposure to equity price fluctuations.
As part of our CRA program, we make investments in non-low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) CRA-eligible funds.funds that do not qualify for LIHTCs. Many of these CRA funds feature private equity or venture capital structures, and are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. We recognize our share of the investee’s earnings based on the performance of the funds. During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we recognized $25losses of $1 million of lossesand $18 million, respectively, related to these investments,investments. The losses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily due to broader real estate market trends adversely impacting certain funds. There were no indications of impairment within our portfolio of CRA-eligible funds as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
In addition, we are exposed to changes in the value of other nonmarketable equity investments without readily determinable fair market values, which may cause volatility in our earnings.
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As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had $3.8$4.8 billion of cumulative net unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities. During the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we recorded $284$886 million and $672 million of net unrealized gainslosses, respectively, on our available-for-sale securities, primarily due to market uncertainty pushing investors towards safer, higher-yielding investments.securities. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income within our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, and are generally not realized unless we sell the securities prior to their stated maturity date. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we did not have the intent to sell the available-for-sale securities with an unrealized loss position and we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. DuringFor the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, management determined that there were no expected credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to Note 6 and Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The composition of our balance sheet, including shorter-duration consumer automotive loans and variable-rate commercial loans, along with our primary funding source of retail deposits, partially mitigates market risk. Additionally, we maintain risk-management controls that measure and monitor market risk using a variety of analytical techniques including market value and sensitivity analysis. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. For information regarding our insured and uninsured deposit liabilities, refer to the section below titled Response to Banking Industry Failures.
LIBOR Transition
In recognition of the significance of LIBOR cessation, in July 2018, Ally formed an enterprise-wide LIBOR transition program that devotes numerous resources throughout all levels of the organization to facilitate the transition to alternative reference rates. Our program spans impacted business lines and functions to evaluate risks associated with the transition, while taking into account specific considerations related to our customers, products and instruments, and counterparty exposures. Through this program, we continue to planplanned for and guideguided the transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference rates, and continue to evaluate the impacts and potential impacts to our existing and future contracts with customers and counterparties, financial forecasts, operational processes, technology, modeling, and vendor relationships. Our program is also subject to the governance and oversight of our Board through the RC and certain executive committees, including the ALCO and the ERMC. For a more detailed discussion of our transition away from LIBOR, refer to the section titled Risk Management—LIBOR Transition in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We continueThe publication of the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to make progress on ourbe provided or ceased to be representative as of December 31, 2021. The remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be provided or ceased to be representative as of June 30, 2023. Our transition efforts includingincluded developing new products and agreements that utilize alternative reference rates, such as Prime and SOFR, and engaging our commercial customers with transitioning their existing financing agreements from LIBOR to alternative rates, as appropriate. During 2022, we accelerated our efforts of transitioning bilateral commercial automotive lending arrangements from LIBOR to Prime and continued originating corporate-finance loans using SOFR. Since the end of 2021, we have not entered into new contracts that use U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate, in alignment with guidance from U.S. banking regulators. Except for certain adjustable-rate mortgage loans described in the following paragraph, we transitioned all remaining contracts away from LIBOR during the first half of 2023.
The LIBOR Act, enacted in March 2022, provides a uniform approach for replacing LIBOR as a reference interest rate in tough legacy contracts—that is, contracts that do not include effective fallback provisions—when LIBOR is no longer published or is no longer representative. Under the LIBOR Act, references to the most common tenors of LIBOR in these contracts will be replaced as a matter of law, without the need to be amended by the parties, to instead reference benchmark interest rates based on SOFR that will be identified by the FRB. The FRB issued a final rule effective February 27, 2023, to implement the LIBOR Act. We continueplan to evaluate the effects ofrely on the LIBOR Act and the FRB’s final rule on our LIBOR-linked contracts which remain uncertain.for a smaller portfolio of adjustable-rate mortgage loans that utilize contracts containing LIBOR-based reference rates still remaining as of September 30, 2023.
Net Financing Revenue Sensitivity Analysis
Interest rate risk represents one of our most significant exposures to market risk. We actively monitor the level of exposure to movements in interest rates and take actions to mitigate adverse impacts these movements may have on future earnings. We use a sensitivity analysis of net financing revenue as our primary metric to measure and manage the interest rate risk of our financial instruments.
The execution of our current business strategy generally results in shorter-duration, fixed-rate consumer automotive loans comprising the majority of our assets and liquid, floating-rate retail deposits comprising the majority of our liabilities. This, in turn, results in a structurally liability sensitive balance sheet as our floating-rate retail deposits reprice faster than our fixed-rate consumer automotive loans when interest rates change. We prepare forward-looking baseline forecasts of pretax net financing revenue taking into considerationas well as anticipated future business growth, actions to alter our asset/liability positioning, and interest rates based on the implied forward curve. The analysis is highly dependent upon a variety of assumptions, includingone of the most significant being the repricing characteristics of retail deposits with both contractual and non-contractual maturities. We continually monitor industry and competitive repricing activity along with other business and market factors when contemplatingdeveloping deposit pricing assumptions.
SimulationsModeled simulations are then used to assess changes in pretax net financing revenue in multiple interest rate scenarios relative to the baseline forecast. The changes in net financing revenue relative to the baseline are defined as the sensitivity. Our simulations incorporate contractual cash flows and assumed repricing characteristics for all assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet exposures and incorporate the assumed effects of changing interest rates on the prepayment and attrition rates of certain assets and liabilities. Our simulations do not assume any specific future actions are taken to mitigate the impacts of changing interest rates.
The net financing revenue
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These simulations measure the potential changechanges in our pretax net financing revenue over the following 12 months. We test a number of alternative rate scenarios, including immediate and gradual parallel shocks to the implied market forward curve. ManagementWe also evaluatesevaluate nonparallel shocks to interest rates and stresses to certain term points on the yield curve in isolation to capture and monitor a numbervariety of risk types.risks.
Simulation results are driven by underlying models and assumptions that are based on trend behavior and other historical information. The underlying models and assumptions, including retail deposit pricing, are regularly monitored, evaluated, and may be updated accordingly as observed trends materialize. As a result, if future trends or behaviors deviate from those reflected in the models, actual sensitivities may vary—perhaps significantly—from those that are modeled. For example, the pace and magnitude of changes in the federal-funds rate during the last two years has challenged models like ours whose historical data is largely derived from a more stable rate environment. Actual sensitivities may differ for other reasons as well, including unplanned changes in balance sheet composition, timing of asset and liability repricing, the yield curve, customer behavior, macroeconomic conditions, the competitive environment, and management strategies. Accordingly, we do not treat the sensitivities as forecasts of net financing revenue but instead use them as a tool in managing interest rate risk.
In a stable rate scenario that assumes spot rates as of March 31,September 30, 2023, remain constant through the simulation, net financing revenue over the next 12 months is expected to decreaseincrease by $134$41 million versus the baseline forecast. The decrease isforecast, due to short-term rates remaining higher than their market-implied forwards and the relative size and current pricingshape of our liquid deposit portfolio.
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the implied forward curve.
The following table presents the pretax dollar impact to baseline forecasted net financing revenue over the next 12 months assuming various parallel shocks to the implied market forward curve as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gradual (a)InstantaneousGradual (a)InstantaneousGradual (a)InstantaneousGradual (a)Instantaneous
Change in interest ratesChange in interest rates($ in millions)($ in millions)Change in interest rates($ in millions)($ in millions)
+200 basis points+200 basis points$190 $208 $18 $(76)+200 basis points$211 $193 $18 $(76)
+100 basis points+100 basis points94 109 (37)+100 basis points97 101 (37)
-100 basis points-100 basis points(104)(117)(21)21 -100 basis points(111)(100)(21)21 
(a)Gradual changes in interest rates are recognized over 12 months.
Since December 31, 2022, the implied forward rate curve has further inverted as short-term interest rates have increased and market expectations of long-term interest rates have decreased. The impact of this change is reflected in our baseline net financing revenue forecast.steepened modestly. During the first quarterthree quarters of 2023, our floating-rate commercial balances and cash balances increased, and we saw a shift from liquid deposits to CDs, increased our pay-fixed swap position, increased our fixed rate term funding, and incrementally added interest rate floor contracts that will provide benefit in certain lower-rate scenarios. The impact of these changes is reflected in our baseline net financing revenue forecast. As a result, as of March 31,September 30, 2023, we expect to modestly benefit in the near-term if rates were to move higher than the forward curve implies, asimplies. This short-term asset sensitivity is the result of the assumed repricing of our assets and pay-fixed swap position is expected to outpaceoutpacing the assumed repricing of our liabilities. Over time,Within the 12-month horizon, we expect higher interest rate shocks to negatively affect our net financing revenue, as our simulations assume a normalizing cash position and maturing pay-fixed swap position, resulting in a reversion to liability sensitivity.sensitivity and, as a result, a negative effect on net financing revenue.
Our interest-rate risk position is influenced by the impact of hedging activity, which primarily consists of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of certain fixed-rate assets and fixed-rate debt instruments. Additionally, we use interest rate floor contracts designated as cash flow hedges on certain floating-rate assets. The size, maturity, and mix of our hedging activities are adjusted as our balance sheet, ALM objectives, and the interest rate environment evolve over time. Our hedging strategies, however, are not designed to eliminate all interest-rate risk, and we were adversely affected from rising interest rates in 2022 and 2023.
Operating Lease Residual Risk Management
We are exposed to residual risk on vehicles in the consumer operating lease portfolio. This operating lease residual risk represents the possibility that the actual proceeds realized upon the sale of returned vehicles will be lower than the projection of these values used in establishing the pricing at lease inception. Our operating lease portfolio, net of accumulated depreciation was $10.2$9.6 billion and $10.4 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The expected lease residual value of our operating lease portfolio at scheduled termination was $8.2$7.7 billion and $8.3 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. For information on our valuation of automotive operating lease residuals including periodic revisions through adjustments to depreciation expense based on current and forecasted market conditions, refer to the section titled Critical Accounting EstimatesValuation of Automotive Operating Lease Assets and Residuals within the MD&A in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Operating Lease Vehicle Terminations and Remarketing
The following table summarizes the volume of operating lease terminations and average gain per vehicle, as well as our methods of vehicle sales at lease termination, stated as a percentage of total operating lease vehicle disposals.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
202320222023202220232022
Off-lease vehicles terminated (in units)
Off-lease vehicles terminated (in units)
24,163 30,488 
Off-lease vehicles terminated (in units)
29,484 29,562 83,519 89,715 
Average gain per vehicle ($ per unit)
Average gain per vehicle ($ per unit)
$1,932 $1,640 
Average gain per vehicle ($ per unit)
$1,944 $1,325 $2,080 $1,547 
Method of vehicle salesMethod of vehicle salesMethod of vehicle sales
Sale to dealer, lessee, and otherSale to dealer, lessee, and other80 %88 %Sale to dealer, lessee, and other78 %90 %79 %89 %
AuctionAuctionAuction
InternetInternet15 Internet17 16 
PhysicalPhysical5 Physical5 5 
We recognized an average gain per vehicle of $1,932$1,944 and $2,080 for the three months and nine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to an average gain per vehicle of $1,640$1,325 and $1,547 for the same periodperiods in 2022. The increases in remarketing performance during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were primarily due to normalizing volume trends in the contractually priced buyout channels. Off-lease vehicles sold to lessees and dealers decreased 13% and 11% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2022. The number of off-lease vehicles remarketed during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, decreased 21%,7% compared to the same period in 2022, due to lower termination volume, in alignment with lower lease origination volume during the first half of 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in remarketing performance during the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to auction price stability and normalizing volume trends in the contractually priced buyout channels.
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Operating Lease Portfolio Mix
We monitor the concentration of our outstanding operating leases. Our exposure to Stellantis vehicles represented approximately 78% and 80% of our operating lease units as of March 31,both September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.2022.
The following table presents the mix of operating lease assets by vehicle type, based on volume of units outstanding.
March 31,20232022
September 30,September 30,20232022
Sport utility vehicleSport utility vehicle64 %60 %Sport utility vehicle67 %63 %
TruckTruck30 33 Truck28 31 
CarCar6 Car5 
Climate-Related Risk
We have identified and defined climate-related risk as an emerging risk. Pursuant to our risk-management framework, emerging risks include those that have yet to create a material impact or would only arise during stressful or unlikely circumstances. Refer to the section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on climate-related risks.
Climate-related risk is generally categorized into two major categories: (1) risk related to the transition to a lower-carbon economy (transition risk) and (2) risk related to the physical impacts of climate change. Transition risk considers how changes in policy, technology, and market preference could pose operational, financial, and reputational risk to companies. Physical risk from climate change can be acute or chronic. Acute physical risk refers to risks that are event-driven such as increased severity of extreme weather events, including tornadoes, hurricanes, or floods. Chronic physical risks refer to long-term shifts in climate patterns, such as sustained higher temperatures, that may, for example, cause sea levels to rise. We manage risks related to the physical impacts of climate change through the active engagement of our business continuity program, which is intended to limit disruptions during acute climate-related events. Additionally, we use excess of loss reinsurance to help mitigate risk of weather losses within our P&C business for our vehicle inventory program. We also use loss control techniques such as storm path monitoring to assist dealers in preparing for severe weather help to mitigate loss potential.
As the impacts of climate change become more evident, we have recognized (1) the importance of understanding, preparing for and taking timely preventive action against potentially material climate-change impacts, (2) increasing investor demand for consistent and comparable climate-change risk data, (3) changing federal policy focus as a result of rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement and an increase in regulatory discussion about potential requirements and oversight, and (4) that Ally’s commitment to “Do It Right” extends to the conservation of environmental resources to promote a sustainable future for our customers, employees, stockholders, and the communities in which we live and operate. For additional information, refer to the Risk Management MD&A section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Liquidity Management, Funding, and Regulatory Capital
Overview
The purpose of liquidity management is to enable us to meet loan and operating lease demand, debt maturities, deposit withdrawals, and other cash commitments under both normal operating conditions as well as periods of economic or financial stress. Our primary objective is to maintain cost-effective, stable and diverse sources of funding capable of sustaining the organization throughout all market cycles. Sources of funding include both retail and brokered deposits and secured and unsecured market-based funding across various maturity, interest rate, and investor profiles. Additional liquidity is available through a pool of unencumbered highly liquid securities, repurchase agreements, and advances from the FHLB of Pittsburgh.
We define liquidity risk as the risk that an institution’s financial condition or overall safety and soundness is adversely affected by the actual or perceived inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding or to easily unwind or offset specific exposures without significantly lowering market prices because of inadequate market depth or market disruptions. Liquidity risk can arise from a variety of institution-specific or market-related events that could have a negative impact on cash flows available to the organization. Effective management of liquidity risk positions an organization to meet cash flow obligations caused by unanticipated events. Managing liquidity needs and contingent funding exposures has proven essential to the solvency of financial institutions.
The ALCO, chaired by the Corporate Treasurer, is responsible for overseeing our funding and liquidity strategies. Corporate Treasury is responsible for managing our liquidity positions within limits approved by ALCO, the ERMC, and the RC. As part of managing liquidity risk, Corporate Treasury prepares monthly forecasts depicting anticipated funding needs and sources of funds, executes our funding strategies, and manages liquidity under normal as well as more severely stressed macroeconomic environments. Oversight and monitoring of liquidity risk are provided by Independent Risk Management.
The monthly liquidity forecasts demonstrate our ability to generate and obtain adequate amounts of cash to meet loan and operating lease demand, debt maturities, deposit withdrawals, and other cash commitments under normal operating conditions throughout the forecast horizon (currently through December 2025)2026). Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the scheduled maturity of long-term debt as of March 31,September 30, 2023. In recent years, we have become less reliant on market-based funding, reducing our exposure to disruptions in wholesale funding markets.
Funding Strategy
Liquidity and ongoing profitability are largely dependent on the timely and cost-effective access to retail deposits and funding in various segments of the capital markets. We focus on maintaining diversified funding sources across a broad base of depositors, lenders, and investors to meet liquidity needs throughout different economic cycles, including periods of financial distress. These funding sources include retail and brokered deposits, public and private asset-backed securitizations, unsecured debt, FHLB advances, and repurchase agreements. Our access to diversified funding sources enhances funding flexibility and results in a more cost-effective funding strategy over the long term. We evaluate funding markets on an ongoing basis to achieve an appropriate balance of unsecured and secured funding sources and maturity profiles.
We manage our funding to achieve a well-balanced portfolio across a spectrum of risk, maturity, and cost-of-funds characteristics. Optimizing funding at Ally Bank continues to be a key part of our long-term liquidity strategy. We optimize our funding sources at Ally Bank by prioritizing retail deposits, maintaining an active securitization programs,program, managing the maturity profile of our brokered deposit portfolio, utilizing repurchase agreements, and continuing to access funds from the FHLB.
Assets are primarily originated by Ally Bank to reduce parent company exposures and funding requirements, and to utilize our growing consumer deposit-taking capabilities. This allows us to use bank funding for substantially all our automotive finance and other assets and to provide a sustainable long-term funding channel for the business, while also improving the cost of funds for the enterprise.
Liquidity Risk Management
Multiple metrics are used to measure liquidity risk, manage the liquidity position, identify related trends, and monitor these trends and metrics against established limits. These metrics include comprehensive stress tests that measure the sufficiency of the liquidity portfolio over stressed horizons ranging from overnight to 12 months, stability ratios that measure longer-term structural liquidity, and concentration ratios that enable prudent funding diversification. In addition, we have established internal management routines designed to review all aspects of liquidity and funding plans, evaluate the adequacy of liquidity buffers, review stress testing results, and assist management in the execution of its funding strategy and risk-management accountabilities.
Our liquidity stress testing is designed to allow us to operate our businesses and to meet our contractual and contingent obligations, including unsecured debt maturities, for at least 12 months, assuming our normal access to funding is disrupted by severe market-wide and enterprise-specific events. We maintain available liquidity in the form of cash, and unencumbered highly liquid securities.securities, available FHLB capacity, and available FRB Discount Window capacity. This available liquidity is held at various legal entities and is subject to regulatory restrictions and tax implications that may limit our ability to transfer funds across entities.
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The following table summarizes our total available liquidity.
($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Unencumbered highly liquid securities (a)$21,486 $22,155 
Liquid cash and equivalents (b)9,267 5,111 
FHLB unused pledged borrowing capacity (c)12,194 11,148 
Total available liquidity (d)$42,947 $38,414 
($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Liquid cash and equivalents (a)$7,992 $5,111 
FHLB unused pledged borrowing capacity (b)10,996 11,148 
Unencumbered highly liquid securities (c)19,573 22,155 
FRB Discount Window pledged capacity (d)25,585 2,038 
Total available liquidity$64,146 $40,452 
(a)Includes unencumbered U.S. federal government, U.S. agency, and highly liquid corporate debt securities.
(b)Excludes restricted cash and foreign currency cash balances.
(c)(b)Pledged assets are primarily composed of consumer mortgage finance receivables and loans, as well as real-estate-backed loans within our Automotive Finance and Corporate Finance businesses, and non-agency mortgage-backed securities.
(c)Includes unencumbered U.S. federal government, U.S. agency, and highly liquid corporate debt securities.
(d)Excludes $2.1 billionPledged assets are composed of consumer automotive finance receivables and $2.0 billion of available funding capacity through the FRB Discount Window at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.loans. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on assets pledged to the FRB.
Recent Funding and Liquidity Developments
Key funding highlights from January 1, 2023, to date were as follows:
In February 2023, weAlly Financial Inc. accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and raised $500 million through the issuance of subordinated notes. In June 2023, Ally Financial Inc. raised $850 million through the issuance of unsecured senior notes. Based on the proposed rule requiring Category II, III, and IV firms to maintain minimum amounts of eligible long-term debt, we would expect both issuances to qualify under the requirement for covered bank holding companies. Refer to the section below titled Response to Banking Industry Failures for more information about the proposed rule.
We raised $777 million$1.6 billion through the completion of term securitization transactions backed by consumer automotive loans.
We issued $5.9$9.7 billion of brokered CDs.
Using newWe increased our total available funding we paid down outstanding FHLB balances owed, increasingcapacity through the FRB Discount Window by $23.5 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to $25.6 billion as of September 30, 2023. The increase in FRB Discount Window capacity reflects our available FHLB borrowing capacity.strategy to maintain increased contingent liquidity following the bank failures of early 2023 and to further align with the Addendum to the Interagency Policy Statement on Funding and Liquidity Risk Management: Importance of Contingency Funding Plans released in July 2023.
We increased and diversified repurchase agreement transaction funding with our counterparties.
Response to Banking Industry Failures
In March 2023, the FDIC was appointed as receiver for SVB and Signature after they experienced runs on deposits and other liquidity constraints. At the time, SVB and Signature were the 16th and 29th largest banks in the United States, respectively, as measured by total assets as of December 31, 2022. Also during March 2023, UBS Group AG announced the acquisition of Credit Suisse Group AG, with the support of the Swiss government.
Our liquidity position fundamentally differs from those of SVB and Signature before their failures. For example, more than 90%92% of deposits at Ally Bank were FDIC-insured as of March 31,September 30, 2023, compared to 12% for SVB and 10% for Signature as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, our deposit portfolio is primarily composed of granular and diversified retail customer accounts, as opposed to SVB and Signature who had large uninsured commercial deposits. Because of the market turbulence and uncertainty, however, we activated existing internal incident response procedures specifically designed to increase governance and monitoring of Ally Bank’s depositor behavior, liquidity position, and risk exposure, including frequent ongoing dialogue with the Board and supervisory authorities.
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We also took specific funding actions. Even before these failures, in response to the unprecedented pace of monetary tightening in 2022 and the resultant macroeconomic uncertainty, we had increased cash and available liquidity. Refer to the section above titled Recent Funding Developments. After the failures, we continued to do so by optimizing brokered CD issuances, borrowing from the FHLB, managing securities collateral pledged to the FHLB, maintaining competitive retail deposit pricing, and managing new loan origination volumes. We had $42.9$64.1 billion of total available liquidity as of March 31,September 30, 2023, which included $12.2$11.0 billion of available FHLB capacity and $25.6 billion of available FRB Discount Window capacity. Refer to the section above titled Liquidity Risk Management. FHLB funding provides us with a stable funding source, and can be drawn upon on a same-day basis if sufficiently secured with available collateral.
In support of American businesses and households, the FRB created the BTFP in March 2023 to make additional funding available to eligible depository institutions in order to help assure that banks have the ability to meet the needs of all of their depositors. The BTFP is a further source of liquidity against high-quality securities and contributes to financial stability by eliminating a bank’s need to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. Under the BTFP, depository institutions may borrow funds by pledging collateral eligible for purchase by the FRB in open market operations, such as U.S. Treasuries and agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, in each case valued at par. We did not borrow from the BTFP asthrough September 30, 2023. As of March 31, 2023. We estimate our available capacity under the BTFP was approximately $23.1 billion as of March 31, 2023. Additionally, as of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had $2.1$25.6 billion in total available funding capacity through the FRB Discount Window, with no debt outstanding during the first quarter ofnine months ended September 30, 2023.
On April 28, 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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Following the failures of SVB and Signature, on May 1, 2023, First Republic Bank was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. The FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank to assume all the deposits and substantially all the assets of First Republic Bank. We continue to monitor and assess the impact of these failures on Category IV firms like Ally.
In April 2023, in a statement accompanying the review of the FRB’s supervision and regulation of SVB, FRB Vice Chair for Supervision Barr highlighted a plan to revisit the Tailoring Rules and develop stronger capital, liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally. In July 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued a proposed rule to customize and implement revisions to the global Basel III capital framework that had been approved by the Basel Committee in December 2017 (commonly known as the Basel III endgame or as Basel IV). For regulatory capital, the proposed rule would eliminate the effect of the Tailoring Rules by requiring the recognition of most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss and the application of deductions, limitations, and criteria for specified capital investments, minority interests, and TLAC holdings. For each of the risk-based capital ratios, a large banking organization like Ally would calculate and be bound by the lower of two alternatives: one version of the ratio based on an expanded risk-based approach prescribed in the proposed rule and one version of the ratio based on the standardized approach as modified by the proposed rule. All capital buffer requirements, including the stress capital buffer requirement, would apply regardless of whether the expanded risk-based approach or the standardized approach produces the lower ratio. Under the expanded risk-based approach, total RWAs would equal the sum of the RWAs for credit risk, equity risk, operational risk, market risk, and CVA risk as set forth in the proposed rule minus any amount of the banking organization’s adjusted allowance for credit losses that is not included in Tier 2 capital and any amount of allocated transfer risk reserves. Under the standardized approach, total RWAs would be calculated using the existing rules with a revised methodology for determining market risk-weighted assets and a required application of the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk for derivative exposures. Category IV firms would be further required under the proposed rule to project their risk-based capital ratios under baseline conditions in their capital plans and related reports using the RWA-calculation approach that results in their binding risk-based capital ratios as of the start of the projection horizon. The proposed rule also would roll back additional elements of the Tailoring Rules by applying to Category IV firms the supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, and enhanced public disclosure and reporting requirements. Under the proposed rule, a three-year transition period from July 1, 2025, to June 30, 2028, would apply to the recognition of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss in regulatory capital and the use of the expanded risk-based approach. The phase-in of accumulated other comprehensive income and loss is expected to significantly affect our levels of regulatory capital. While we believe that this would be manageable, we also anticipate that our levels of regulatory capital would need to be gradually increased in advance of and during the proposed transition period. As for the proposed changes to RWAs, while we continue to evaluate the effects of individual provisions and the interplay among them as well as potential management actions in response, the impact is not currently expected to be significant in the aggregate if the proposed rule were adopted in its existing form. We are actively engaged with research and advocacy groups to inform the rulemaking process and better understand the impacts of the proposed rule on banking organizations of various sizes and complexities—as well as the competitive environment more broadly—and likewise encourage the U.S. banking agencies to closely study these impacts and their wider implications.
In August 2023, the U.S. banking agencies issued two proposed rules to improve the resolvability of Category IV firms like Ally. The first proposed rule would require Category II, III, and IV firms, their large consolidated banks, and other institutions to issue and maintain minimum amounts of eligible long-term debt in an amount that is the greater of (i) 6 percent of total RWAs, (ii) 3.5 percent of average total consolidated assets, and (iii) 2.5 percent of total leverage exposure. Covered insured depository institutions, like Ally Bank, that are consolidated subsidiaries of covered entities, like Ally, would be required to issue eligible long-term debt internally to a company that consolidates the covered insured depository institution, which would in turn be required to purchase that long-term debt. Only long-term debt instruments that are most readily able to absorb losses in a resolution proceeding would qualify, and the operations of covered entities would be subject to clean-holding-company requirements such as prohibitions and limitations on their liabilities to unaffiliated entities. Under the proposed rule, a transition period would apply with 25, 50, and 100 percent of the long-term-debt requirements coming into effect by the end of the first, second, and third years, respectively, after finalization of the rule. The second proposed rule, which was issued solely by the FDIC, would require each insured depository institution with $100 billion or more in total assets, like Ally Bank, to submit a full resolution plan with an identified strategy for ensuring timely access to insured deposits, maximizing value from the disposition of assets, minimizing
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any losses realized by creditors, and addressing potential financial-stability risks. Each resolution plan also would be subject to more stringent standards on its assumptions, content, and reviews. Covered insured depository institutions would need to submit a full resolution plan every two years with interim supplements in non-submission years. We are still assessing the impact of these two proposed rules but, due to the current structure and amount of debt instruments issued by Ally and Ally Bank, expect the long-term-debt rule in particular to significantly affect us.
Whether and when final rules related to these proposals may be adopted and take effect, as well as what changes to the proposed rules may be reflected in any final rules after the comment periods, remain unclear. Also, beyond these proposed rules, more stringent and less tailored liquidity, stress-testing, and other standards for Category IV firms like Ally may be forthcoming, including those that may reinstate the LCR, require more rigorous liquidity stress testing, and return Ally to supervisory stress testing on an annual cycle. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
In August 2023, citing macroeconomic trends impacting the banking industry, such as increased costs of funding and rapid tightening in monetary policy, Moody’s downgraded the credit ratings of a number of banks. Additionally, Moody’s downgraded the outlook of a number of banks, including Ally, where the outlook was lowered from Stable to Negative. Refer to the section below titled Credit Ratings for additional information.
Funding Sources
The following table summarizes our sources of funding and the amount outstanding under each category for the periods shown.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
($ in millions)($ in millions)On-balance sheet funding% Share of fundingOn-balance sheet funding% Share of funding($ in millions)On-balance sheet funding% Share of fundingOn-balance sheet funding% Share of funding
DepositsDeposits$154,013 88 $152,297 88 Deposits$152,835 87 $152,297 88 
DebtDebtDebt
Secured financingsSecured financings11,286 6 $10,124 Secured financings11,690 7 $10,124 
Institutional term debtInstitutional term debt10,176 6 9,678 Institutional term debt10,253 6 9,678 
Retail term notesRetail term notes473  359 — Retail term notes563  359 — 
Total debt (a)Total debt (a)21,935 12 20,161 12 Total debt (a)22,506 13 20,161 12 
Total on-balance-sheet fundingTotal on-balance-sheet funding$175,948 100 $172,458 100 Total on-balance-sheet funding$175,341 100 $172,458 100 
(a)Includes hedge basis adjustments as described in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the scheduled maturity of long-term debt at March 31,September 30, 2023.
Deposits
Ally Bank is a digital direct bank with no branch network that obtains retail deposits directly from customers. We offer competitive rates and fees on a full spectrum of retail deposit products, including online savings accounts, money-market demand accounts, CDs, interest-bearing checkingspending accounts, trust accounts, and IRAs. Our primary funding source is retail deposits, which provide us with stable, lower-cost funding. Wewe believe that, at scale retail deposits are the most efficient and stable source of funding for us when compared to other funding sources. Retail deposits constituted 79%80% of our total funding sources at March 31,September 30, 2023. In addition, we utilize brokered deposits, which are obtained through third-party intermediaries.
As of March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $12.1$11.4 billion and $15.2 billion, respectively, of deposit liabilities that are uninsured by the FDIC.FDIC, excluding affiliate and intercompany deposits.
The following table shows Ally Bank’s total primary retail deposit customers and deposit balances as of the end of each of the last five quarters.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022June 30, 2022March 31, 2022September 30, 2023June 30,
2023
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022
Total primary retail deposit customers (in thousands)
Total primary retail deposit customers (in thousands)
2,808 2,681 2,597 2,546 2,518 
Total primary retail deposit customers (in thousands)
2,989 2,894 2,808 2,681 2,597 
Deposits ($ in millions)
Deposits ($ in millions)
Deposits ($ in millions)
RetailRetail$138,497 $137,684 $133,878 $131,155 $135,978 Retail$140,100 $138,983 $138,497 $137,684 $133,878 
BrokeredBrokered13,801 12,590 9,617 6,962 4,049 Brokered11,264 13,677 13,801 12,590 9,617 
Other (a)Other (a)1,715 2,023 2,256 2,284 2,448 Other (a)1,471 1,650 1,715 2,023 2,256 
Total depositsTotal deposits$154,013 $152,297 $145,751 $140,401 $142,475 Total deposits$152,835 $154,310 $154,013 $152,297 $145,751 
(a)Other deposits include mortgage escrow deposits. Other deposits also include a deposit related to Ally Invest customer cash balances deposited at Ally Bank by a third party of $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2023, $1.5 billion as of both June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2022, and $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2022, $2.1 billion as2022.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, our total deposit base increased $1.7 billion,$538 million, and we added approximately 126,000307,000 retail deposit customers, ending with approximately 2.83.0 million retail deposit customers as of March 31,September 30, 2023. Total retail deposits increased $813 million$2.4 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, bringing the total retail deposits portfolio to $138.5$140.1 billion as of March 31,September 30, 2023, primarily driven by an increase in retail deposit customers. We have maintained competitive deposit rates in response to higher benchmark interest rates.rates and changes in product offerings by banks and nonbanks. Additionally, brokered deposits increased $1.2decreased $1.3 billion during the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our CD deposit liabilities increased $12.2 billion and our savings, money market, and spending account deposit liabilities decreased $11.6 billion. This trend was primarily due to customer migration from liquid savings to fixed-rate CDs, as observed across the industry. Overall, strong customer acquisition and retention rates continue to deliver a favorable funding mix.
Following the failures of SVB and Signature, we briefly experienced elevated two-way deposit flows. Uninsured deposit outflows were more than offset by inflows from new and existing customers. More than 90%Approximately 92% of retail deposits at Ally Bank were FDIC-insured as of March 31,September 30, 2023.
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September 30, 2023.
We continue to advance our digital capabilities and deliver incremental value to our retail deposit customers beyond competitive rates. We have delivered enhancements—such asrates and low fees. Notably, our smart savings tools—improving our customer’sdigital tools (e.g. Savings & Spend Buckets) improve the digital banking experience across the entire customer journey, and providing unique opportunities to organizeadditional account features like CoverDraft and build their savings. In January 2022, we announced Ally CoverDraft service, which provides a no fee overdraft allowance to our qualifying customers on debit transactions subject to a certain amount. In September 2022, we announced early direct deposit an account feature that allows customers to access qualifying direct deposits up to two days in advance of receipt. These changes are examples offurther bolster our “Do It Right” commitment for our customers.
We continue to be recognized for the totality of experience and value we provide our customers. In April 2022,2023, Forbes again named Ally to its “World’s Best Banks” list and in June 2022, Kiplinger named Ally Bank to its “Best Internet Banks” list for the sixth consecutive year. In September 2022,followed by The Wall Street Journal namedJournal’s BuySide recognition of Ally Bank as the “Best Overall Online Bank.Bank of 2023.” In November 2022,October 2023, MONEY® Magazine named Ally to its “Best Online Bank” list for the fifthsixth consecutive year, as well as the tentheleventh time in the past twelvethirteen years. In January 2023, Bankrate named Ally Bank the “Best Bank Overall.” For additional information on our deposit funding by type, refer to Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Securitizations and Secured Financings
In addition to building a larger deposit base in recent years, we maintain a presence in the securitization markets to finance our automotive loan portfolios. Securitizations and secured funding transactions, collectively referred to as securitization transactions due to their similarities, allow us to convert our automotive-finance receivables into cash earlier than what would have occurred in the normal course of business. For additional details surrounding our securitization activities, refer to the section titled Liquidity Management, Funding, and Regulatory Capital in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, we raised $777 million$1.6 billion through the completion of term securitization transactions backed by consumer automotive loans.
We have access to funding through advances with the FHLB. These advances are primarily secured by consumer and commercial mortgage finance receivables and loans and investment securities. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had pledged $28.4$27.9 billion of assets to the FHLB resulting in $19.7$18.8 billion in total funding capacity with $7.5$7.8 billion of debt outstanding.
At March 31,September 30, 2023, $42.7$72.1 billion of our total assets were restricted as collateral for the payment of debt obligations accounted for as secured borrowings. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Unsecured Financings
We have short-term and long-term unsecured debt outstanding from retail term note programs. These programs are composed of callable fixed-rate instruments with fixed maturity dates. There were $473$563 million of retail term notes outstanding at March 31,September 30, 2023. The remainder of our unsecured debt is composed of institutional term debt. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and raised $500 million through the issuance of subordinated notes. In June 2023, we raised $850 million through the issuance of unsecured senior notes. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our outstanding short-term borrowings and long-term unsecured debt.
Other Secured and Unsecured Short-term Borrowings
We have access to repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the firm sells financial instruments to a buyer, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to repurchase the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer at a stated price plus accrued interest at a future date. The securities sold in repurchase agreements include U.S. government and federal agency obligations. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had $755$735 million debt outstanding under repurchase agreements.
Additionally, we have access to the FRB Discount Window and can borrow funds to meet short-term liquidity demands. The FRB, however, is not a primary source of funding for day-to-day business. Instead, it is a liquidity source that can be accessed in stressed environments or periods of market disruption. As of March 31,September 30, 2023, we had assets pledged and restricted as collateral to the FRB totaling $2.3$34.0 billion, resulting in $2.1$25.6 billion in total funding capacity with no debt outstanding. For information on our ability to access the BTFP, refer to the section above titled Response to Banking Industry Failures.
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Guaranteed Securities
Certain senior notes (collectively, the Guaranteed Notes) issued by Ally Financial Inc. (referred to within this section as the Parent) are unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by IB Finance, a subsidiary of the Parent and the direct parent of Ally Bank, and Ally US LLC, a subsidiary of the Parent (together, the Guarantors, and the guarantee provided by each such Guarantor, the Note Guarantees). The Guarantors are primary obligors with respect to payment when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of all payment obligations of the Parent in respect of the Guaranteed Notes pursuant to the terms of the applicable indenture. At both March 31,September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the outstanding principal balance of the Guaranteed Notes was $2.0 billion, with the last scheduled maturity to take place in 2031.
The Note Guarantees rank equally in right of payment with the applicable Guarantor’s existing and future unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness and are subordinate to any secured indebtedness of the applicable Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The Note Guarantees are structurally subordinate to indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables and lease obligations, and in the case of Ally Bank, its deposits) of any nonguarantor subsidiaries of the applicable Guarantor to the extent of the value of the assets of such subsidiaries.
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The Note Guarantees and all other obligations of the Guarantors will terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) upon a permissible sale, disposition, or other transfer (including through merger or consolidation) of a majority of the equity interests (including any sale, disposition or other transfer following which the applicable Guarantor is no longer a subsidiary of the Parent), of the applicable Guarantor, or (ii) upon the discharge of the Parent’s obligations related to the Guaranteed Notes.
The following tables present summarized financial data for the Parent and the Guarantors on a combined basis. The Guarantors, both of which the Parent is deemed to possess control over, are fully consolidated after eliminating intercompany balances and transactions. Summarized financial data for nonguarantor subsidiaries is excluded.
Three months ended March 31,Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)2023202220232022
Net financing loss and other interest income (a)Net financing loss and other interest income (a)$(228)$(278)Net financing loss and other interest income (a)$(242)$(246)$(718)$(783)
Dividends from bank subsidiariesDividends from bank subsidiaries100 650 Dividends from bank subsidiaries500 900 1,000 2,300 
Total other revenue38 61 
Dividends from nonbank subsidiariesDividends from nonbank subsidiaries — 250 
Total other revenue (loss)Total other revenue (loss)33 (75)123 50 
Total net revenueTotal net revenue(90)433 Total net revenue291 579 655 1,568 
Provision for credit lossesProvision for credit losses(9)(11)Provision for credit losses(14)(4)(15)(24)
Total noninterest expenseTotal noninterest expense136 150 Total noninterest expense91 168 346 478 
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income tax benefit(217)294 
Income from continuing operations before income tax benefitIncome from continuing operations before income tax benefit214 415 324 1,114 
Income tax benefit from continuing operations (b)Income tax benefit from continuing operations (b)(71)(78)Income tax benefit from continuing operations (b)(188)(92)(336)(248)
Net (loss) income from continuing operations(146)372 
Net income from continuing operationsNet income from continuing operations402 507 660 1,362 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxLoss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)— Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (1)(1)(1)
Net (loss) income (c)$(147)$372 
Net income (c)Net income (c)$402 $506 $659 $1,361 
(a)Net financing loss and other interest income is primarily driven by interest expense on long-term debt. Refer to Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
(b)There is a significant variation in the customary relationship between pretax income (loss) and income tax benefit due to our accounting policy elections and consolidated tax adjustments. The income tax benefit excludes tax effects on dividends from subsidiaries.
(c)Excludes the Parent’s and Guarantors’ share of income of all nonguarantor subsidiaries.
($ in millions)($ in millions)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022($ in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total assets (a)Total assets (a)$6,020 $5,467 Total assets (a)$6,913 $5,467 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$11,801 $10,996 Total liabilities$12,074 $10,996 
(a)Excludes investments in all nonguarantor subsidiaries.
Cash Flows
The following summarizes the activity reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. While this information may be helpful to highlight certain macro trends and business strategies, the cash flow analysis may not be as helpful when analyzing changes in our net earnings and net assets. We believe that in addition to the traditional cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity, dividends, and ALM herein may provide more useful context in evaluating our liquidity position and related activity.
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Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.4$4.7 billion and $1.6$5.1 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Operating cash inflows were lower versus the prior year due to unfavorable market conditions as a result of the current macroeconomic environment. Refer to the Consolidated Results of Operations section of this MD&A for further discussion.
Net cash used in investing activities was $382 million$4.2 billion and $5.7$13.9 billion for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The change was primarily due to a $2.7$5.8 billion increase in net cash inflows related to loans held-for-investment and a $2.6$3.4 billion increase in net cash inflows related to available-for-sale securities.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the threenine months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, was $3.3$2.4 billion, compared to $3.0$8.9 billion for the same period in 2022. The change was primarily attributable to an increasea decrease in net cash inflows of $3.9$7.2 billion related to long-term debt, higher deposits of $799 million,short-term borrowings and a decrease in deposits of $3.6 billion. The decrease was partially offset by decreases in cash outflows, including lower repayments of $557 million fromlong-term debt of $2.7 billion and lower repurchases of common stock. This increase was primarily offset by a decline in short-term borrowingsstock of $4.9$1.6 billion.
Capital Planning and Stress Tests
Under the Tailoring Rules, we are generally subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year cycle and exempted from mandated company-run capital stress testing requirements. We are also required to submit an annual capital plan to the FRB. Our annual capital plan must include an assessment of our expected uses and sources of capital and a description of all planned capital actions over a nine-quarter planning horizon, including any issuance of a debt or equity capital instrument, any dividend or other capital distribution, and any similar action that the FRB determines could have an impact on our capital. The plan must also include a detailed description of our process for
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assessing capital adequacy, including a discussion of how we, under expected and stressful conditions, will maintain capital commensurate with our risks and above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, will serve as a source of strength to Ally Bank, and will maintain sufficient capital to continue our operations by maintaining ready access to funding, meeting our obligations to creditors and other counterparties, and continuing to serve as a credit intermediary.
The Tailoring Rules align capital planning, supervisory stress testing, and stress capital buffer requirements for large banking organizations like Ally. As a Category IV firm, Ally is expected to have the ability to elect to participate in the supervisory stress test—and receive a correspondingly updated stress capital buffer requirement—in a year in which Ally would not generally be subject to the supervisory stress test. Refer to the section titled Basel Capital Framework in Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion about our stress capital buffer requirements. During a year in which Ally does not undergo a supervisory stress test, we would receive an updated stress capital buffer requirement only to reflect our updated planned common-stock dividends. Ally was subject to the 2022 supervisory stress test and did not elect to participate in the 2023 supervisory stress test.
On January 10, 2022, our Board authorized a stock-repurchase program, permitting us to repurchase up to $2.0 billion of our common stock from time to time from the first quarter of 2022 through the fourth quarter of 2022 subject to restrictions imposed by the FRB, and an increase in our cash dividend on common stock from $0.25 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to $0.30 per share for the first quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased $1.65 billion of common stock under our stock-repurchase program. Since the commencement of our initial stock-repurchase program in the third quarter of 2016, we have reduced the number of outstanding shares of our common stock by 38%, from 484 million as of June 30, 2016, to 301302 million as of March 31,September 30, 2023. At this time, the Board has not authorized a stock-repurchase program for 2023.2023 or 2024.
We submitted our 2022 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2022. Ally received an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement from the FRB in June 2022, which was determined to be 2.5% and reflected a decline of 100 basis points relative to our prior requirement. The updated 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in August 2022 and became effective on October 1, 2022. In February 2023, we accessed the unsecured debt capital markets and issued $500 million of additional subordinated notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital for Ally under U.S. Basel III. We submitted our 2023 capital plan to the FRB on April 5, 2023, and received in June 2023 an updated preliminary stress capital buffer requirement that remained unchanged at 2.5%. The 2.5% stress capital buffer requirement was finalized in July 2023 and became effective on October 1, 2023.
Our ability to make capital distributions, including our ability to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock, will continue to be subject to the FRB’s review and our internal governance requirements, including approval by our Board. The amount and size of any future dividends and share repurchases also will be subject to various factors, including Ally’s capital and liquidity positions, accounting and regulatory considerations (including any restrictions that may be imposed by the FRB)FRB and any changes to capital, liquidity, and other regulatory requirements that may be proposed or adopted by the U.S. banking agencies), the taxation of share repurchases, financial and operational performance, alternative uses of capital, common-stock price, and general market conditions, and may be extended, modified, or discontinued at any time.
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Regulatory Capital
We became subject to U.S. Basel III on January 1, 2015, although a number of its provisions—including capital buffers and certain regulatory capital deductions—were subject to phase-in periods. For further information on U.S. Basel III, refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table presents selected regulatory capital data under U.S Basel III.
March 31,September 30,
($ in millions)($ in millions)20232022($ in millions)20232022
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratioCommon Equity Tier 1 capital ratio9.23 %9.97 %Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio9.31 %9.30 %
Tier 1 capital ratioTier 1 capital ratio10.66 %11.49 %Tier 1 capital ratio10.71 %10.77 %
Total capital ratioTotal capital ratio12.46 %13.13 %Total capital ratio12.49 %12.39 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (a)Tier 1 leverage ratio (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (a)8.54 %9.36 %Tier 1 leverage ratio (to adjusted quarterly average assets) (a)8.60 %8.78 %
Total equityTotal equity$13,378 $15,413 Total equity$12,825 $12,434 
CECL phase-in adjustment (b)CECL phase-in adjustment (b)591 887 CECL phase-in adjustment (b)591 887 
Preferred stock (c)Preferred stock (c)(2,324)(2,324)Preferred stock (c)(2,324)(2,324)
Goodwill and certain other intangiblesGoodwill and certain other intangibles(895)(932)Goodwill and certain other intangibles(878)(910)
Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (d)Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (d)(4)(6)Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (d)(5)(4)
AOCI-related adjustments (e)AOCI-related adjustments (e)3,794 1,811 AOCI-related adjustments (e)4,785 4,358 
Common Equity Tier 1 capitalCommon Equity Tier 1 capital14,540 14,849 Common Equity Tier 1 capital14,994 14,441 
Preferred stock (c)Preferred stock (c)2,324 2,324 Preferred stock (c)2,324 2,324 
Other adjustmentsOther adjustments(61)(49)Other adjustments(61)(49)
Tier 1 capitalTier 1 capital16,803 17,124 Tier 1 capital17,257 16,716 
Qualifying subordinated debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2Qualifying subordinated debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2901 623 Qualifying subordinated debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2903 624 
Qualifying allowance for loan losses and other adjustmentsQualifying allowance for loan losses and other adjustments1,922 1,817 Qualifying allowance for loan losses and other adjustments1,966 1,898 
Total capitalTotal capital$19,626 $19,564 Total capital$20,126 $19,238 
Risk-weighted assets (f)Risk-weighted assets (f)$157,573 $149,000 Risk-weighted assets (f)$161,076 $155,214 
(a)Tier 1 leverage ratio equals Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average total assets, which both reflect adjustments for disallowed goodwill, certain intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets.
(b)We elected to delay recognizing the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital until after a two-year deferral period, which for us extended through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, we phased in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by the first quarter of 2025. Refer to Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
(c)Refer to Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details about our non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock.
(d)Contains deferred tax assets required to be deducted from capital under U.S. Basel III.
(e)Comprises adjustments related to our accumulated other comprehensive income opt-out election, which allows us to exclude most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income from regulatory capital.
(f)Risk-weighted assets are defined by regulation and are generally determined by allocating assets and specified off-balance sheet exposures to various risk categories.
Credit Ratings
The cost and availability of unsecured financing are influenced by credit ratings, which are intended to be an indicator of the creditworthiness of a particular company, security, or obligation. Lower ratings result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to capital markets. This is particularly true for certain institutional investors whose investment guidelines require investment-grade ratings on term debt and the two highest rating categories for short-term debt (particularly money-market investors).
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Nationally recognized statistical rating organizations rate substantially all our debt. The following table summarizes our current ratings and outlook by the respective nationally recognized rating agencies.
Rating agencyShort-termSenior unsecured debtOutlook
Fitch (a)F3BBB-Stable
Moody’s (b)P-3Baa3StableNegative
S&P (c)A-3BBB-Stable
DBRS (d)R-2 (high)BBBStable
(a)Fitch affirmed our senior unsecured debt rating of BBB-, short-term rating of F3, and affirmed the outlook of Stable on March 20, 2023.
(b)Moody’s upgradedaffirmed our senior unsecured rating toof Baa3, from Ba1, upgradedaffirmed our short-term rating toof P-3, from Non-Prime and changed theour outlook to StableNegative from Rating Under ReviewStable on August 27, 2021.7, 2023.
(c)Standard & Poor’s affirmed our senior unsecured debt rating of BBB-, affirmed our short-term rating of A-3, and changed the outlook to Stable from Negative on March 25, 2021.
(d)DBRS upgraded our senior unsecured debt rating to BBB from BBB (Low), upgraded our short-term rating to R-2 (high) from R-3, and affirmed the outlook of Stable on March 6, 2023.
As illustrated by the issuer ratings above, as of March 31,September 30, 2023, Ally holds an investment-grade rating from all the respective nationally recognized rating agencies.
Rating agencies indicate that they base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, which may include capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, level and quality of earnings, and the current operating, legislative, and regulatory environment. Rating agencies themselves could make or be required to make substantial changes to their ratings policies and practices—particularly in response to legislative and regulatory changes. Potential changes in rating methodology, as well as in the legislative and regulatory environment, and the timing of those changes could impact our ratings, which as noted above could increase our borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital.
A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, and the ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We identified critical accounting estimates that, as a result of judgments, uncertainties, uniqueness, and complexities of the underlying accounting standards and operations involved could result in material changes to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows under different conditions or using different assumptions.
Our most critical accounting estimates are as follows:
Allowance for loan losses
Valuation of automotive lease assets and residuals
Fair value of financial instruments
Determination of provision for income taxes
We did not substantively change any material aspect of our methodologies and processes used in developing any of the estimates described above from what was described in the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding the methodology used in calculating the provision for income taxes for interim financial reporting.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Statistical Table
The accompanying supplemental information should be read in conjunction with the more detailed information, including our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, which appears elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Net Interest Margin Table
The following tables present an analysis of net yield on interest-earning assets (or net interest margin) excluding discontinued operations for the periods shown.
20232022Increase (decrease) due to
Three months ended March 31, ($ in millions)
Average balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateAverage balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateVolumeYield/rateTotal
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents$5,731 $56 3.95 %$4,027 $0.15 %$1 $53 $54 
Investment securities (b)31,503 226 2.92 35,900 183 2.07 (22)65 43 
Loans held-for-sale, net738 15 8.01 570 2.84 1 10 11 
Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)135,819 2,575 7.69 122,772 1,714 5.66 182 679 861 
Investment in operating leases, net (d)10,435 176 6.84 10,878 186 6.96 (8)(2)(10)
Other earning assets665 12 7.19 764 2.86 (1)8 7 
Total interest-earning assets184,891 3,060 6.71 174,911 2,094 4.86 966 
Noninterest-bearing cash and cash equivalents333 422 
Other assets10,817 9,825 
Allowance for loan losses(3,729)(3,279)
Total assets$192,312 $181,879 
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposit liabilities (b)$152,573 $1,217 3.23 %$141,387 $211 0.61 %$17 $989 $1,006 
Short-term borrowings1,024 12 5.46 980 1.99  7 7 
Long-term debt18,389 227 5.01 16,410 185 4.58 22 20 42 
Total interest-bearing liabilities171,986 1,456 3.44 158,777 401 1.03 1,055 
Noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities179 171 
Total funding sources172,165 1,456 3.44 158,948 401 1.03 
Other liabilities (e)6,662 2 n/m6,772 — n/mn/mn/m2 
Total liabilities178,827 165,720 
Total equity13,485 16,159 
Total liabilities and equity$192,312 $181,879 
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,602 $1,693 $(91)
Net interest spread (f)3.27 %3.83 %
Net yield on interest-earning assets (g)3.51 %3.93 %
n/m = not meaningful
20232022Increase (decrease) due to
Three months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Average balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateAverage balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateVolumeYield/rateTotal
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents$8,308 $99 4.73 %$3,627 $16 1.73 %$21 $62 $83 
Investment securities (b)29,640 256 3.43 33,220 206 2.47 (22)72 50 
Loans held-for-sale, net278 7 9.14 748 10 5.27 (6)3 (3)
Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)139,153 2,837 8.09 129,996 2,120 6.47 149 568 717 
Investment in operating leases, net (d)9,817 173 7.00 10,588 159 5.98 (12)26 14 
Other earning assets724 11 6.02 946 12 4.81 (3)2 (1)
Total interest-earning assets187,920 3,383 7.14 179,125 2,523 5.59 860 
Noninterest-bearing cash and cash equivalents335 503 
Other assets10,925 10,338 
Allowance for loan losses(3,820)(3,494)
Total assets$195,360 $186,472 
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposit liabilities (b)$153,345 $1,563 4.04 %$142,586 $567 1.58 %$43 $953 $996 
Short-term borrowings948 13 5.80 6,266 43 2.77 (36)6 (30)
Long-term debt20,315 274 5.35 16,798 194 4.59 41 39 80 
Total interest-bearing liabilities174,608 1,850 4.21 165,650 804 1.93 1,046 
Noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities181 207 
Total funding sources174,789 1,850 4.21 165,857 804 1.93 
Other liabilities (e)6,503  6,435 — —    
Total liabilities181,292 172,292 
Total equity14,068 14,180 
Total liabilities and equity$195,360 $186,472 
Net financing revenue and other interest income$1,533 $1,719 $(186)
Net interest spread (f)2.93 %3.66 %
Net yield on interest-earning assets (g)3.24 %3.81 %
(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.
(b)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the effects of our hedging activities.
(c)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
(d)Yield includes gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $47$57 million and $50$39 million for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Excluding these gains on sale, the annualized yield was 5.03%4.69% and 5.10%4.52% for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(e)Represents interest expense on tax liabilities included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest expense on tax liabilities is included in the net yield on interest-earning assets and excluded from the interest spread. For more information on our accounting policies regarding income taxes, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(f)Net interest spread represents the difference between the rate on total interest-earning assets and the rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.
(g)Net yield on interest-earning assets represents annualized net financing revenue and other interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
20232022Increase (decrease) due to
Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions)
Average balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateAverage balance (a)Interest income/interest expenseYield/rateVolumeYield/rateTotal
Assets
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents$7,156 $242 4.52 %$3,804 $23 0.81 %$20 $199 $219 
Investment securities (b)30,650 720 3.14 34,282 584 2.28 (62)198 136 
Loans held-for-sale, net477 29 8.00 580 18 4.14 (3)14 11 
Finance receivables and loans, net (b) (c)137,398 8,133 7.91 126,159 5,676 6.02 506 1,951 2,457 
Investment in operating leases, net (d)10,119 541 7.15 10,693 522 6.54 (28)47 19 
Other earning assets700 32 6.06 879 25 3.76 (5)12 7 
Total interest-earning assets186,500 9,697 6.95 176,397 6,848 5.19 2,849 
Noninterest-bearing cash and cash equivalents343 423 
Other assets10,841 10,226 
Allowance for loan losses(3,775)(3,371)
Total assets$193,909 $183,675 
Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing deposit liabilities (b)$152,715 $4,198 3.68 %$141,206 $1,041 0.99 %$85 $3,072 $3,157 
Short-term borrowings935 36 5.52 4,333 67 2.11 (53)22 (31)
Long-term debt19,660 753 5.12 16,481 563 4.57 109 81 190 
Total interest-bearing liabilities173,310 4,987 3.85 162,020 1,671 1.38 3,316 
Noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities174 186 
Total funding sources173,484 4,987 3.85 162,206 1,671 1.38 
Other liabilities (e)6,641 2 n/m6,537 n/mn/mn/m1 
Total liabilities180,125 168,743 
Total equity13,784 14,932 
Total liabilities and equity$193,909 $183,675 
Net financing revenue and other interest income$4,708 $5,176 $(468)
Net interest spread (f)3.10 %3.81 %
Net yield on interest-earning assets (g)3.37 %3.92 %
n/m = not meaningful
(a)Average balances are calculated using an average daily balance methodology.
(b)Includes the effects of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges. Refer to Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the effects of our hedging activities.
(c)Nonperforming finance receivables and loans are included in the average balances. For information on our accounting policies regarding nonperforming status, refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
(d)Yield includes gains on the sale of off-lease vehicles of $174 million and $139 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Excluding these gains on sale, the annualized yield was 4.85% and 4.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(e)Represents interest expense on tax liabilities included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest expense on tax
liabilities is included in the net yield on interest-earning assets and excluded from the interest spread. For more information on our accounting policies
regarding income taxes, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(f)Net interest spread represents the difference between the rate on total interest-earning assets and the rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.
(g)Net yield on interest-earning assets represents annualized net financing revenue and other interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Refer to the Market Risk section of Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
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Controls and Procedures
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the specified time periods. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of internal control including the possibility of human error or the circumvention or overriding of controls through individual actions or collusion. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated, with the participation of our management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In the normal course of business, we review our controls and procedures and make enhancements or modifications intended to support the quality of our financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
Refer to Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (incorporated herein by reference) for a discussion related to our legal proceedings, which supplements the discussion of legal proceedings set forth in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
The following table presents repurchases of our common stock, by month, for the three months ended March 31,September 30, 2023.
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Total number of shares repurchased (a) (in thousands)
Weighted-average price paid per share (a) (in dollars)
January 2023 $26.07 
February 2023832 32.33 
March 20234 23.99 
Total836 32.29 
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Total number of shares repurchased (a) (in thousands)
Weighted-average price paid per share (a) (in dollars)
July 2023 $ 
August 20233 27.37 
September 20232 29.06 
Total5 28.02 
(a)Consists of common stock withheld to cover income taxes owed by participants in our share-based incentive plans.
Item 3.    Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) Director or Executive Officer Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers, as defined in Rule 16a-1 under the Exchange Act, adopted, terminated, or modified a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Item 6.    Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the following index of exhibits are filed as a part of this report.
ExhibitDescriptionMethod of Filing
10.1Letter Agreement, dated October 10, 2023, between Ally Financial Inc. and Jeffrey J. Brown accepting Mr. Brown’s Notice of Intent to Retire
22.1Subsidiary Guarantors
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)Filed herewith.
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)Filed herewith.
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350Filed herewith.
101The following information from our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited), and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)Filed herewith.
104The cover page of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,September 30, 2023, (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)Filed herewith.
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Signatures
Ally Financial Inc. • Form 10-Q
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, this 2nd31st day of May,October, 2023.
Ally Financial Inc.
(Registrant)
/S/ BRRADLEYUSSELL JE. BHROWNUTCHINSON
Bradley J. BrownRussell E. Hutchinson
Corporate Treasurer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
/S/ DAVID J. DEBRUNNER
David J. DeBrunner
Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer
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