UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
_________________________________
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended April 30, 20222023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-00566


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GREIF, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________
Delaware31-4388903
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
425 Winter Road
Delaware Ohio
43015
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(740) 549-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”



“smaller reporting company,” and "emerging“emerging growth company"company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common StockGEFNew York Stock Exchange
Class B Common StockGEF-BNew York Stock Exchange
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the close of business on June 6, 2022:5, 2023:
Class A Common Stock26,627,73825,473,248 shares
Class B Common Stock22,007,72521,331,127 shares



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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)(in millions, except per share amounts)2022202120222021(in millions, except per share amounts)2023202220232022
Net salesNet sales$1,667.3 $1,340.6 $3,231.6 $2,487.1 Net sales$1,308.9 $1,667.3 $2,579.9 $3,231.6 
Cost of products soldCost of products sold1,328.6 1,074.7 2,603.2 2,009.0 Cost of products sold997.1 1,328.6 2,016.5 2,603.2 
Gross profitGross profit338.7 265.9 628.4 478.1 Gross profit311.8 338.7 563.4 628.4 
Selling, general and administrative expensesSelling, general and administrative expenses147.4 146.8 299.0 281.1 Selling, general and administrative expenses137.2 147.4 276.6 299.0 
Restructuring chargesRestructuring charges3.7 12.0 7.2 15.1 Restructuring charges2.4 3.7 4.8 7.2 
Timberland gains— (95.7)— (95.7)
Integration related costs2.0 1.8 3.6 3.8 
Acquisition and integration related costsAcquisition and integration related costs4.6 2.0 12.1 3.6 
Non-cash asset impairment chargesNon-cash asset impairment charges— 0.2 62.4 1.5 Non-cash asset impairment charges1.3 — 1.8 62.4 
(Gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net(0.3)0.1 (1.7)1.7 
(Gain) loss on disposal of businesses, net(4.2)0.1 (4.2)— 
Gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, netGain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net(5.0)(0.3)(5.0)(1.7)
Gain on disposal of businesses, netGain on disposal of businesses, net(9.8)(4.2)(64.4)(4.2)
Operating profitOperating profit190.1 200.6 262.1 270.6 Operating profit181.1 190.1 337.5 262.1 
Interest expense, netInterest expense, net13.2 26.7 30.3 51.9 Interest expense, net23.4 13.2 46.2 30.3 
Debt extinguishment chargesDebt extinguishment charges25.4 — 25.4 — Debt extinguishment charges— 25.4 — 25.4 
Non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 — 8.6 
Other (income) expense, net(4.4)2.8 (2.4)2.8 
Other expense (income), netOther expense (income), net2.9 (4.4)6.2 (2.4)
Income before income tax expense and equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, netIncome before income tax expense and equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net155.9 171.0 208.8 207.3 Income before income tax expense and equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net154.8 155.9 285.1 208.8 
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense29.9 17.3 65.5 23.4 Income tax expense39.1 29.9 76.8 65.5 
Equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxEquity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.7)(0.3)(2.0)(1.0)Equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.3)(0.7)(0.8)(2.0)
Net incomeNet income126.7 154.0 145.3 184.9 Net income116.0 126.7 209.1 145.3 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interestsNet income attributable to noncontrolling interests(1.6)(4.2)(9.9)(11.7)Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4.8)(1.6)(8.0)(9.9)
Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.$125.1 $149.8 $135.4 $173.2 Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.$111.2 $125.1 $201.1 $135.4 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:Basic earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:Basic earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A common stockClass A common stock$2.11 $2.51 $2.28 $2.91 Class A common stock$1.91 $2.11 $3.46 $2.28 
Class B common stockClass B common stock$3.15 $3.77 $3.40 $4.36 Class B common stock$2.88 $3.15 $5.19 $3.40 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:Diluted earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:Diluted earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A common stockClass A common stock$2.09 $2.51 $2.27 $2.91 Class A common stock$1.90 $2.09 $3.44 $2.27 
Class B common stockClass B common stock$3.15 $3.77 $3.40 $4.36 Class B common stock$2.88 $3.15 $5.19 $3.40 
Weighted-average number of Class A common shares outstanding:Weighted-average number of Class A common shares outstanding:Weighted-average number of Class A common shares outstanding:
BasicBasic26.6 26.5 26.6 26.5 Basic25.8 26.6 25.7 26.6 
DilutedDiluted26.8 26.7 26.8 26.6 Diluted26.2 26.8 26.0 26.8 
Weighted-average number of Class B common shares outstanding:Weighted-average number of Class B common shares outstanding:Weighted-average number of Class B common shares outstanding:
BasicBasic22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Basic21.5 22.0 21.6 22.0 
DilutedDiluted22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Diluted21.5 22.0 21.6 22.0 
Cash dividends declared per common share:Cash dividends declared per common share:Cash dividends declared per common share:
Class A common stockClass A common stock$0.46 $0.44 $0.92 $0.88 Class A common stock$0.50 $0.46 $1.00 $0.92 
Class B common stockClass B common stock$0.69 $0.66 $1.37 $1.31 Class B common stock$0.75 $0.69 $1.49 $1.37 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
4

Table of Contents
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)2022202120222021
Net income$126.7 $154.0 $145.3 $184.9 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation*64.1 6.6 32.6 34.2 
Derivative financial instruments24.1 9.5 35.9 11.4 
Minimum pension liabilities3.4 24.4 6.5 47.1 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax91.6 40.5 75.0 92.7 
Comprehensive income218.3 194.5 220.3 277.6 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests0.3 2.2 4.3 12.3 
Comprehensive income attributable to Greif, Inc.$218.0 $192.3 $216.0 $265.3 
*Three and six months ended April 30, 2022 balances include $113.1 million release of foreign currency translation from business divestment.
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Net income$116.0 $126.7 $209.1 $145.3 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation(2.3)64.1 49.0 32.6 
Derivative financial instruments(5.1)24.1 (30.8)35.9 
Minimum pension liabilities(1.4)3.4 (3.8)6.5 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(8.8)91.6 14.4 75.0 
Comprehensive income107.2 218.3 223.5 220.3 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests4.7 0.3 8.2 4.3 
Comprehensive income attributable to Greif, Inc.$102.5 $218.0 $215.3 $216.0 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

Table of Contents
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in millions)(in millions)April 30,
2022
October 31,
2021
(in millions)April 30,
2023
October 31,
2022
ASSETSASSETSASSETS
Current assetsCurrent assetsCurrent assets
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents$108.7 $124.6 Cash and cash equivalents$158.5 $147.1 
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowanceTrade accounts receivable, net of allowance880.3 889.5 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance727.0 749.1 
Inventories:Inventories:Inventories:
Raw materialsRaw materials382.5 390.7 Raw materials302.9 316.0 
Work-in-process— 1.5 
Finished goodsFinished goods92.3 107.0 Finished goods97.3 87.3 
Assets held for saleAssets held for sale1.7 6.9 Assets held for sale1.8 1.3 
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses55.0 54.0 Prepaid expenses58.1 57.3 
Other current assetsOther current assets96.3 89.9 Other current assets136.1 141.3 
1,616.8 1,664.1 1,481.7 1,499.4 
Long-term assetsLong-term assetsLong-term assets
GoodwillGoodwill1,482.8 1,515.4 Goodwill1,649.8 1,464.5 
Other intangible assets, net of amortizationOther intangible assets, net of amortization611.5 648.4 Other intangible assets, net of amortization762.8 576.2 
Deferred tax assetsDeferred tax assets13.7 16.3 Deferred tax assets10.9 10.1 
Pension assetPension asset58.6 39.9 Pension asset47.2 30.8 
Operating lease assetsOperating lease assets261.7 289.4 Operating lease assets272.1 254.7 
Finance lease assetsFinance lease assets32.5 1.2 
Other long-term assetsOther long-term assets146.3 121.1 Other long-term assets136.9 178.0 
2,574.6 2,630.5 2,912.2 2,515.5 
Properties, plants and equipmentProperties, plants and equipmentProperties, plants and equipment
Timber properties, net of depletionTimber properties, net of depletion227.4 224.6 Timber properties, net of depletion228.0 226.8 
LandLand157.3 161.9 Land158.2 154.8 
BuildingsBuildings525.7 543.8 Buildings540.7 515.1 
Machinery and equipmentMachinery and equipment1,990.3 2,042.3 Machinery and equipment2,085.1 1,968.3 
Capital projects in progressCapital projects in progress119.4 137.2 Capital projects in progress196.6 182.9 
3,020.1 3,109.8 3,208.6 3,047.9 
Accumulated depreciationAccumulated depreciation(1,588.6)(1,588.6)Accumulated depreciation(1,691.0)(1,592.9)
1,431.5 1,521.2 1,517.6 1,455.0 
Total assetsTotal assets$5,622.9 $5,815.8 Total assets$5,911.5 $5,469.9 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6

Table of Contents
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in millions)(in millions)April 30,
2022
October 31,
2021
(in millions)April 30,
2023
October 31,
2022
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYLIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilitiesCurrent liabilitiesCurrent liabilities
Accounts payableAccounts payable$619.8 $704.5 Accounts payable$502.4 $561.3 
Accrued payroll and employee benefitsAccrued payroll and employee benefits130.4 160.3 Accrued payroll and employee benefits121.5 174.4 
Restructuring reservesRestructuring reserves14.1 20.3 Restructuring reserves12.2 12.3 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt80.8 120.3 Current portion of long-term debt80.8 71.1 
Short-term borrowingsShort-term borrowings27.8 50.5 Short-term borrowings2.3 5.7 
Liabilities held for sale0.6 0.9 
Current portion of operating lease liabilitiesCurrent portion of operating lease liabilities50.1 54.0 Current portion of operating lease liabilities50.9 48.9 
Current portion of finance lease liabilitiesCurrent portion of finance lease liabilities3.3 0.9 
Other current liabilitiesOther current liabilities198.3 203.3 Other current liabilities164.0 173.3 
1,121.9 1,314.1 937.4 1,047.9 
Long-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilitiesLong-term liabilities
Long-term debtLong-term debt1,991.3 2,054.8 Long-term debt2,206.1 1,839.3 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities215.6 239.5 Operating lease liabilities224.6 209.4 
Finance lease liabilitiesFinance lease liabilities29.7 0.2 
Deferred tax liabilitiesDeferred tax liabilities330.5 318.0 Deferred tax liabilities333.4 343.6 
Pension liabilitiesPension liabilities70.9 78.3 Pension liabilities61.0 58.0 
Postretirement benefit obligationsPostretirement benefit obligations10.8 11.0 Postretirement benefit obligations7.1 7.2 
Contingent liabilities and environmental reservesContingent liabilities and environmental reserves20.3 19.5 Contingent liabilities and environmental reserves19.8 19.0 
Long-term income tax payableLong-term income tax payable27.8 27.8 Long-term income tax payable25.6 25.6 
Other long-term liabilitiesOther long-term liabilities97.6 153.1 Other long-term liabilities99.2 109.6 
2,764.8 2,902.0 3,006.5 2,611.9 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)00
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Redeemable noncontrolling interestsRedeemable noncontrolling interests17.8 24.1 Redeemable noncontrolling interests52.7 15.8 
EquityEquityEquity
Common stock, without par valueCommon stock, without par value186.0 179.3 Common stock, without par value205.8 173.5 
Treasury stock, at costTreasury stock, at cost(134.0)(134.1)Treasury stock, at cost(277.6)(205.1)
Retained earningsRetained earnings1,910.3 1,825.6 Retained earnings2,239.7 2,095.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translationForeign currency translation(257.2)(295.4)Foreign currency translation(267.7)(316.5)
Derivative financial instrumentsDerivative financial instruments32.3 (3.6)Derivative financial instruments42.0 72.8 
Minimum pension liabilitiesMinimum pension liabilities(51.0)(57.5)Minimum pension liabilities(62.4)(58.6)
Total Greif, Inc. shareholders' equity1,686.4 1,514.3 
Total Greif, Inc. shareholders’ equityTotal Greif, Inc. shareholders’ equity1,879.8 1,761.3 
Noncontrolling interestsNoncontrolling interests32.0 61.3 Noncontrolling interests35.1 33.0 
Total shareholders' equity1,718.4 1,575.6 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$5,622.9 $5,815.8 
Total shareholders’ equityTotal shareholders’ equity1,914.9 1,794.3 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equityTotal liabilities and shareholders’ equity$5,911.5 $5,469.9 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
7

Table of Contents
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
Six Months Ended April 30,Six Months Ended April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:Cash flows from operating activities:
Net incomeNet income145.3 $184.9 Net income$209.1 $145.3 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortizationDepreciation, depletion and amortization114.0 118.1 Depreciation, depletion and amortization111.7 114.0 
Non-cash asset impairment chargesNon-cash asset impairment charges62.4 1.5 Non-cash asset impairment charges1.8 62.4 
Non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Loss (gain) on disposals of properties, plants and equipment, net(1.7)1.7 
Gain on disposals of properties, plants and equipment, netGain on disposals of properties, plants and equipment, net(5.0)(1.7)
Gain on disposals of businesses, netGain on disposals of businesses, net(4.2)— Gain on disposals of businesses, net(64.4)(4.2)
Timberland gains— (95.7)
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss(5.1)0.9 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)1.1 (41.5)
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)4.2 (5.1)
Deferred income tax expenseDeferred income tax expense1.6 1.1 
Debt extinguishment chargesDebt extinguishment charges22.6 — Debt extinguishment charges— 22.6 
Non-cash lease expenseNon-cash lease expense15.1 26.1 Non-cash lease expense23.2 15.1 
Other, netOther, net0.7 (0.5)Other, net(0.4)0.7 
Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in certain assets and liabilities, net of impacts from acquisitions:Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in certain assets and liabilities, net of impacts from acquisitions:
Trade accounts receivableTrade accounts receivable(87.4)(98.4)Trade accounts receivable66.0 (87.4)
InventoriesInventories(56.2)(71.4)Inventories38.6 (56.2)
Accounts payableAccounts payable22.4 125.8 Accounts payable(66.9)22.4 
Restructuring reservesRestructuring reserves(4.9)(0.2)Restructuring reserves(0.3)(4.9)
Operating leasesOperating leases(16.0)(29.5)Operating leases(23.4)(16.0)
Pension and post-retirement benefit liabilitiesPension and post-retirement benefit liabilities(19.8)(11.9)Pension and post-retirement benefit liabilities(14.8)(19.8)
Other, netOther, net(26.7)45.3 Other, net(37.3)(26.7)
Net cash provided by operating activitiesNet cash provided by operating activities161.6 163.8 Net cash provided by operating activities243.7 161.6 
Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of business, net of cash acquiredPurchases of business, net of cash acquired(447.5)— 
Purchases of properties, plants and equipmentPurchases of properties, plants and equipment(75.0)(57.7)Purchases of properties, plants and equipment(91.1)(75.0)
Purchases of and investments in timber propertiesPurchases of and investments in timber properties(5.1)(2.5)Purchases of and investments in timber properties(3.2)(5.1)
Proceeds from the sale of timberlands— 145.1 
Collections of receivables held in special purpose entities— 50.9 
Payments for issuance of loans receivable— (15.0)
Payments for deferred purchase price of acquisitionsPayments for deferred purchase price of acquisitions(21.7)(4.7)
Proceeds from the sale of properties, plants, equipment and other assetsProceeds from the sale of properties, plants, equipment and other assets8.3 — Proceeds from the sale of properties, plants, equipment and other assets6.9 8.3 
Proceeds from the sale of businessesProceeds from the sale of businesses139.2 — Proceeds from the sale of businesses105.6 139.2 
Other, net(4.7)(2.5)
Net cash provided by investing activities62.7 118.3 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activitiesNet cash (used in) provided by investing activities(451.0)62.7 
Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debtProceeds from issuance of long-term debt3,026.5 744.6 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt1,252.0 3,026.5 
Payments on long-term debtPayments on long-term debt(3,122.7)(990.1)Payments on long-term debt(919.5)(3,122.7)
Proceeds (payments) on short-term borrowings, net(16.1)15.2 
Payments on short-term borrowings, netPayments on short-term borrowings, net(4.0)(16.1)
Proceeds from trade accounts receivable credit facilityProceeds from trade accounts receivable credit facility1.9 61.6 Proceeds from trade accounts receivable credit facility86.6 1.9 
Payments on trade accounts receivable credit facilityPayments on trade accounts receivable credit facility(1.9)(18.3)Payments on trade accounts receivable credit facility(53.9)(1.9)
Payments for liabilities held in special purpose entities— (43.3)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholdersDividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders(54.6)(52.2)Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders(57.9)(54.6)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interestsDividends paid to noncontrolling interests(9.4)(4.9)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests(4.9)(9.4)
Payments for debt extinguishment and issuance costsPayments for debt extinguishment and issuance costs(20.8)— Payments for debt extinguishment and issuance costs— (20.8)
Payments for share repurchasesPayments for share repurchases(59.6)— 
Tax withholding payments for stock-based awardsTax withholding payments for stock-based awards(13.7)— 
Purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interestPurchases of redeemable noncontrolling interest(3.3)— 
Other, netOther, net(6.2)— 
Net cash used in financing activities(197.1)(287.4)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activitiesNet cash provided by (used in) financing activities215.6 (197.1)
Effects of exchange rates on cashEffects of exchange rates on cash(43.1)9.8 Effects of exchange rates on cash3.1 (43.1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalentsNet increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(15.9)4.5 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents11.4 (15.9)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of periodCash and cash equivalents at beginning of period124.6 105.9 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period147.1 124.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of periodCash and cash equivalents at end of period$108.7 $110.4 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$158.5 $108.7 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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Table of Contents
GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended April 30, 2022Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
interests
Total
Equity
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
interests
Total
Equity
(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount
As of January 31, 202248,608 $183.2 28,234 $(134.0)$1,812.9 $(368.8)$1,493.3 $64.0 $1,557.3 
As of January 31, 2023As of January 31, 202347,542 $188.5 29,300 $(221.1)$2,157.4 $(279.4)$1,845.4 $36.8 $1,882.2 
Net incomeNet income125.1 125.1 1.6 126.7 Net income111.2 111.2 4.8 116.0 
Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment release65.4 65.4 (1.3)64.1 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $8.0 million of income tax benefit24.1 24.1 24.1 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.0 million income tax benefit3.4 3.4 3.4 
Foreign currency translationForeign currency translation(2.2)(2.2)(0.1)(2.3)
Derivative financial instruments, net of $1.8 million of income tax expenseDerivative financial instruments, net of $1.8 million of income tax expense(5.1)(5.1)(5.1)
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $0.4 million income tax benefitMinimum pension liability adjustment, net of $0.4 million income tax benefit(1.4)(1.4)(1.4)
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income.218.0 218.3 Comprehensive income.102.5 107.2 
Divestment of noncontrolling interest— (24.4)(24.4)
Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interestCurrent period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest(0.1)(0.1)(0.1)Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest0.2 0.2 0.2 
Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interestsNet income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.3)(0.3)Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.5)(0.5)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.46 and $0.69 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(27.4)(27.4)(27.4)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.50 and $0.75 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.50 and $0.75 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(29.0)(29.0)(29.0)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and otherDividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (7.6)(7.6)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (5.9)(5.9)
Dividends earned on RSU sharesDividends earned on RSU shares(0.2)(0.2)(0.2)Dividends earned on RSU shares(0.1)(0.1)(0.1)
Share repurchasesShare repurchases(717)15.0 717 (56.8)(41.8)(41.8)
Long-term incentive shares issuedLong-term incentive shares issued0.3 (6)— 0.3 0.3 Long-term incentive shares issued18 0.8 (18)0.2 1.0 1.0 
Share based compensationShare based compensation— 1.3 — — 1.3 1.3 Share based compensation— 0.3 — — 0.3 0.3 
Restricted stock, directorsRestricted stock, directors22 1.2 (22)— 1.2 1.2 Restricted stock, directors18 1.2 (18)0.1 1.3 1.3 
As of April 30, 202248,636 $186.0 28,206 $(134.0)$1,910.3 $(275.9)$1,686.4 $32.0 $1,718.4 
As of April 30, 2023As of April 30, 202346,861 $205.8 29,981 $(277.6)$2,239.7 $(288.1)$1,879.8 $35.1 $1,914.9 
Six Months Ended April 30, 2022Six Months Ended April 30, 2023
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount
As of October 31, 202148,559 $179.3 28,283 $(134.1)$1,825.6 $(356.5)$1,514.3 $61.3 $1,575.6 
As of October 31, 2022As of October 31, 202247,443 $173.5 29,399 $(205.1)$2,095.2 $(302.3)$1,761.3 $33.0 $1,794.3 
Net incomeNet income135.4 135.4 9.9 145.3 Net income201.1 201.1 8.0 209.1 
Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment release38.2 38.2 (5.6)32.6 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $12.0 million of income tax benefit35.9 35.9 35.9 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.5 million income tax benefit6.5 6.5 6.5 
Foreign currency translationForeign currency translation48.8 48.8 0.2 49.0 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $10.3 million of income tax expenseDerivative financial instruments, net of $10.3 million of income tax expense(30.8)(30.8)(30.8)
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $0.5 million income tax expenseMinimum pension liability adjustment, net of $0.5 million income tax expense(3.8)(3.8)(3.8)
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income.216.0 220.3 Comprehensive income.215.3 223.5 
Divestment of noncontrolling interest— (24.4)(24.4)
Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and otherCurrent period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and other4.9 4.9 4.9 Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and other1.0 1.0 1.0 
Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interestsNet income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— 0.1 0.1 Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.2)(0.2)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.92 and $1.37 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(54.6)(54.6)(54.6)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($1.00 and $1.49 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($1.00 and $1.49 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(57.9)(57.9)(57.9)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and otherDividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (9.3)(9.3)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (5.9)(5.9)
Dividends earned on RSU sharesDividends earned on RSU shares(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)Dividends earned on RSU shares0.3 0.3 0.3 
Share repurchasesShare repurchases(949)15.0 949 (74.6)(59.6)(59.6)
Long-term incentive shares issuedLong-term incentive shares issued52 3.0 (52)0.1 3.1 3.1 Long-term incentive shares issued349 14.6 (349)2.0 16.6 16.6 
Share based compensationShare based compensation— 2.4 — — 2.4 2.4 Share based compensation— 1.5 — — 1.5 1.5 
Restricted stock, executive0.1 (3)— 0.1 0.1 
Restricted stock, directorsRestricted stock, directors22 1.2 (22)— 1.2 1.2 Restricted stock, directors18 1.2 (18)0.1 1.3 1.3 
As of April 30, 202248,636 $186.0 28,206 $(134.0)$1,910.3 $(275.9)$1,686.4 $32.0 $1,718.4 
As of April 30, 2023As of April 30, 202346,861 $205.8 29,981 $(277.6)$2,239.7 $(288.1)$1,879.8 $35.1 $1,914.9 
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Three Months Ended April 30, 2021Three Months Ended April 30, 2022
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
interests
Total
Equity
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
interests
Total
Equity
(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount
As of January 31, 202148,533 $175.4 28,309 $(134.2)$1,542.0 $(377.9)$1,205.3 $57.3 $1,262.6 
As of January 31, 2022As of January 31, 202248,608 $183.2 28,234 $(134.0)$1,812.9 $(368.8)$1,493.3 $64.0 $1,557.3 
Net incomeNet income149.8 149.8 4.2 154.0 Net income125.1 125.1 1.6 126.7 
Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation8.6 8.6 (2.0)6.6 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $3.2 million income tax expense9.5 9.5 9.5 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $8.8 million income tax expense24.4 24.4 24.4 
Foreign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment releaseForeign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment release65.4 65.4 (1.3)64.1 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $8.0 million income tax benefitDerivative financial instruments, net of $8.0 million income tax benefit24.1 24.1 24.1 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.0 million income tax benefitMinimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.0 million income tax benefit3.4 3.4 3.4 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income192.3 194.5 Comprehensive income218.0 218.3 
Divestment of noncontrolling interestDivestment of noncontrolling interest— (24.4)(24.4)
Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interestCurrent period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest0.6 0.6 0.6 Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest(0.1)(0.1)(0.1)
Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interestsNet income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.5)(0.5)Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.3)(0.3)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.44 and $0.66 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(26.3)(26.3)(26.3)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.46 and $0.69 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.46 and $0.69 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(27.4)(27.4)(27.4)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and otherDividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (3.5)(3.5)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (7.6)(7.6)
Dividends earned on RSU sharesDividends earned on RSU shares(0.2)(0.2)(0.2)
Long-term incentive shares issuedLong-term incentive shares issued0.3 (6)— 0.3 0.3 
Share based compensationShare based compensation— 1.0 — — 1.0 1.0 Share based compensation— 1.3 — — 1.3 1.3 
Restricted stock, directorsRestricted stock, directors26 1.2 (26)0.1 1.3 1.3 Restricted stock, directors22 1.2 (22)— 1.2 1.2 
As of April 30, 202148,559 $177.6 28,283 $(134.1)$1,666.1 $(335.4)$1,374.2 $55.5 $1,429.7 
As of April 30, 2022As of April 30, 202248,636 $186.0 28,206 $(134.0)$1,910.3 $(275.9)$1,686.4 $32.0 $1,718.4 
Six Months Ended April 30, 2021Six Months Ended April 30, 2022
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
Capital StockTreasury StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greif,
Inc.
Equity
Non
controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount(in millions, except for shares which are in thousands)Common
Shares
AmountTreasury
Shares
Amount
As of October 31, 202048,450 $170.2 28,392 $(134.4)$1,543.9 $(427.5)$1,152.2 $48.5 $1,200.7 
As of October 31, 2021As of October 31, 202148,559 $179.3 28,283 $(134.1)$1,825.6 $(356.5)$1,514.3 $61.3 $1,575.6 
Net incomeNet income173.2 173.2 11.7 184.9 Net income135.4 135.4 9.9 145.3 
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation33.6 33.6 0.6 34.2 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $3.8 million income tax expense11.4 11.4 11.4 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $16.2 million income tax expense47.1 47.1 47.1 
Other comprehensive income (loss):Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment releaseForeign currency translation, net of $113.1 million business divestment release38.2 38.2 (5.6)32.6 
Derivative financial instruments, net of $12.0 million income tax benefitDerivative financial instruments, net of $12.0 million income tax benefit35.9 35.9 35.9 
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.5 million income tax benefitMinimum pension liability adjustment, net of $1.5 million income tax benefit6.5 6.5 6.5 
Comprehensive incomeComprehensive income265.3 277.6 Comprehensive income.216.0 220.3 
Divestment of noncontrolling interestDivestment of noncontrolling interest— (24.4)(24.4)
Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and otherCurrent period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and other1.2 1.2 1.2 Current period mark to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest and other4.9 4.9 4.9 
Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interestsNet income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— (0.8)(0.8)Net income allocated to redeemable noncontrolling interests— 0.1 0.1 
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.88 and $1.31 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(52.2)(52.2)(52.2)
Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.92 and $1.37 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)Dividends paid to Greif, Inc. shareholders ($0.92 and $1.37 per Class A share and Class B share, respectively)(54.6)(54.6)(54.6)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and otherDividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (4.5)(4.5)Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests and other— (9.3)(9.3)
Dividends earned on RSU sharesDividends earned on RSU shares(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)
Long-term incentive shares issuedLong-term incentive shares issued80 3.9 (80)0.2 4.1 4.1 Long-term incentive shares issued52 3.0 (52)0.1 3.1 3.1 
Share based compensationShare based compensation— 2.2 — — 2.2 2.2 Share based compensation— 2.4 — — 2.4 2.4 
Restricted stock, executiveRestricted stock, executive0.1 (3)— 0.1 0.1 Restricted stock, executive0.1 (3)— 0.1 0.1 
Restricted stock, directorsRestricted stock, directors26 1.2 (26)0.1 1.3 1.3 Restricted stock, directors22 1.2 (22)— 1.2 1.2 
As of April 30, 202148,559 $177.6 28,283 $(134.1)$1,666.1 $(335.4)$1,374.2 $55.5 $1,429.7 
As of April 30, 2022As of April 30, 202248,636 $186.0 28,206 $(134.0)$1,910.3 $(275.9)$1,686.4 $32.0 $1,718.4 

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GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
The fiscal year of Greif, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references to years or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ended in that year, unless otherwise stated.
The information filed herein reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the interim condensed consolidated balance sheetssheet as of April 30, 20222023 and the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2021,2022, the interim condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and changes in shareholders'shareholders’ equity for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 20212022 and the interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 20212022 of the Company. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greif, Inc., all wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiaries and investments in limited liability companies, partnerships and joint ventures in which it has controlling influence or is the primary beneficiary. Non-majority owned entities include investments in limited liability companies, partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company does not have controlling interest and are accounted for using either the equity or cost method, as appropriate.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in thethis Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended October 31, 20212022 (the “2021“2022 Form 10-K”).
Newly Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes", which is intended to simplify accounting for income taxes. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on November 1, 2021. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows or disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Except for the accounting pronouncement described above, thereThere have been no new accounting pronouncements issuedstandards adopted since the filing of the 20212022 Form 10-K that have significance, or potential significance, to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
There have been no new accounting pronouncements issued since the filing of the 2022 Form 10-K that have significance, or potential significance, to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 — ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Acquisitions
Centurion Acquisition
The Company completed its acquisition of Centurion Container LLC (“Centurion”) on March 31, 2023 (the “Centurion Acquisition”), which increased the Company’s ownership interest in Centurion from approximately 10% to 80%. Centurion is a leader in the North American IBC reconditioning industry and is involved in IBC rebottling, reconditioning and distribution. The total purchase price for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was $144.5 million. The fair value of remaining noncontrolling interest of 20% after the acquisition was $40.9 million.
Prior to the acquisition, the Company accounted for its approximately 10% ownership interest under the equity method of accounting. The acquisition of a controlling financial interest was accounted for as a step acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 805. As a result, fair value of our previously held interest in Centurion of $16.8 million was valued using a discounted cash flow model, resulting in a gain of $9.8 million. The gain was reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of income within the gain on disposal of businesses, net line.
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The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Centurion and the preliminary valuation of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)Amounts Recognized as of the Acquisition Date
Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash consideration$144.5 
Noncontrolling interest40.9 
Previously held interest16.8 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Accounts receivable$12.4 
Inventories2.0 
Prepaid and other current assets0.4 
Intangibles83.4 
Operating lease assets10.2 
Properties, plants and equipment7.7 
Total assets acquired116.1 
Accounts payable(4.2)
Other current liabilities(4.3)
Operating lease liabilities(10.2)
Total liabilities assumed(18.7)
Total identifiable net assets$97.4 
Goodwill$104.8 
The Company recognized goodwill related to this acquisition of $104.8 million. The goodwill recognized in this acquisition was attributable to the acquired assembled workforce, expanded market presence, and enhanced business network, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. Centurion is reported within the Global Industrial Packaging segment to which the goodwill was assigned. The majority of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The fair value for acquired customer relationship intangibles was determined as of the acquisition date based on estimates and judgments regarding expectations for the future after-tax cash flows arising from the revenue from customer relationships that existed on the acquisition date over their estimated lives, including the probability of expected future contract renewals and revenue, less a contributory assets charge, all of which is discounted to present value. The fair values of the trade name intangible assets were determined utilizing the relief from royalty method, which is a form of the income approach. Under this method, a royalty rate based on observed market royalties is applied to projected revenue supporting the trade names and discounted to present value using an appropriate discount rate. 
Acquired intangible assets are being amortized over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation and weighted average remaining useful lives for identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the acquisition date:
(in millions)Final Purchase Price AllocationWeighted Average Estimated Useful Life
Customer relationships$74.7 12.0
Trademarks8.7 5.0
Total intangible assets$83.4 
The Company has not yet finalized the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including income taxes and contingencies. The Company expects to finalize these amounts within one year of the acquisition date. The
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estimate of fair value and purchase price allocation were based on information available at the time of closing the acquisition, and the Company continues to evaluate the underlying inputs and assumptions that are being used in fair value estimates. Accordingly, these preliminary estimates are subject to adjustments during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of the acquisition, based upon new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the date of closing the acquisition.
Centurion’s results of operations have been included in the Company’s financial statements for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of March 31, 2023. Centurion contributed net sales of $7.4 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023.
Lee Container Acquisition
The Company completed its acquisition of Lee Container Corporation, Inc. (“Lee Container”) on December 15, 2022 (the “Lee Container Acquisition”). Lee Container is an industry-leading manufacturer of high-performance barrier, conventional blow molded containers, jerrycans and small plastics. The total purchase price for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was $302.8 million. The Company incurred transaction costs of $5.1 million to complete this acquisition.
The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Lee Container and the preliminary valuation of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
(in millions)Amounts Recognized as of the Acquisition DateMeasurement Period Adjustments (1)Amount Recognized as of Acquisition Date (as Adjusted)
Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash consideration$302.8 $0.2 $303.0 
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Accounts receivable$21.9 $(0.4)$21.5 
Inventories27.5 (1.0)26.5 
Prepaid and other current assets0.5 0.1 0.6 
Intangibles133.5 — 133.5 
Finance lease assets32.4 1.0 33.4 
Properties, plants and equipment54.7 — 54.7 
Total assets acquired270.5 (0.3)270.2 
Accounts payable(3.9)— (3.9)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits(1.3)— (1.3)
Other current liabilities(3.1)2.8 (0.3)
Finance lease liabilities(30.6)(2.8)(33.4)
Total liabilities assumed(38.9)— (38.9)
Total identifiable net assets$231.6 (0.3)231.3 
Goodwill$71.2 $0.5 $71.7 
The Company recognized goodwill related to this acquisition of $71.7 million. The goodwill recognized in this acquisition was attributable to the acquired assembled workforce, expected synergies, and economies of scale, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. Lee Container is reported within the Global Industrial Packaging segment to which the goodwill was assigned. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The cost approach was used to determine the fair value for building improvements and equipment. The cost approach measures the value by estimating the cost to acquire, or construct, comparable assets and adjusts for age and condition. The Company assigned building improvements a useful life ranging from 1 year to 9 years and equipment a useful life ranging from 1 year to 19 years. Acquired property, plant and equipment are being depreciated over their estimated remaining useful lives on a straight-line basis.
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The fair value for acquired customer relationship intangibles was determined as of the acquisition date based on estimates and judgments regarding expectations for the future after-tax cash flows arising from the revenue from customer relationships that existed on the acquisition date over their estimated lives, including the probability of expected future contract renewals and revenue, less a contributory assets charge, all of which is discounted to present value. The fair values of the trade name intangible assets were determined utilizing the relief from royalty method, which is a form of the income approach. Under this method, a royalty rate based on observed market royalties is applied to projected revenue supporting the trade names and discounted to present value using an appropriate discount rate. 
Acquired intangible assets are being amortized over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation and weighted average remaining useful lives for identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the acquisition date:
(in millions)Final Purchase Price AllocationWeighted Average Estimated Useful Life
Customer relationships$120.0 15.0
Trademarks13.5 5.0
Total intangible assets$133.5 
The Company has not yet finalized the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including income taxes and contingencies. The Company expects to finalize these amounts within one year of the acquisition date. The estimate of fair value and purchase price allocation were based on information available at the time of closing the acquisition, and the Company continues to evaluate the underlying inputs and assumptions that are being used in fair value estimates. Accordingly, these preliminary estimates are subject to adjustments during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, based upon new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the date of closing the acquisition.
Lee Container’s results of operations have been included in the Company’s financial statements for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of December 15, 2022. Lee Container contributed net sales of $38.4 million and $56.3 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023, respectively.
Pro Forma Results
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma data presents consolidated information as if the Centurion Acquisition and Lee Container Acquisition had been completed on November 1, 2021. These amounts were calculated after adjusting Centurion’s and Lee Container’s results to reflect interest expense incurred on the debt to finance the acquisitions, additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied from November 1, 2021, the adjusted tax expense, and related transaction costs.
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)2023202220232022
Pro forma net sales$1,326.2 $1,738.9 $2,637.8 $3,363.2 
Pro forma net income attributable to Greif, Inc.113.1 130.6 216.3 140.4 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A common stock$1.95 $2.19 $3.73 $2.36 
Class B common stock$2.92 $3.29 $5.58 $3.53 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A common stock$1.93 $2.18 $3.70 $2.35 
Class B common stock$2.92 $3.29 $5.58 $3.53 
The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on the Company’s preliminary assignment of purchase price and therefore subject to adjustment upon finalizing the purchase price assignment. The pro forma data should not be considered indicative of the results that would have occurred if the acquisition and related financing had been consummated on the assumed completion dates, nor are they indicative of future results.
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Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
At the commencement of the 2023 fiscal year, the terms of the joint venture agreement for one joint venture within the Global Industrial Packaging reportable segment include mandatory redemption by the Company, in cash, of the noncontrolling interest holders’ equity at a formulaic price after the expiration of a lockout period specific to each noncontrolling interest holder. The Company redeemed the 5.2% outstanding equity interest of the noncontrolling interest holder in this joint venture on January 26, 2023 for $3.3 million.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
At the commencement of the 2023 fiscal year, the terms of the joint venture agreement for one joint venture within the Paper Packing & Services reportable segment include a put option for the noncontrolling interest owners to have the right to put all or a portion of those noncontrolling interests to the Company at a formulaic price after a set period of time. On March 31, 2023, the noncontrolling interest owner exercised their put option for all of their ownership interests. The Company made a payment for $3.6 million to the noncontrolling interest owner for the 20.0% outstanding equity interest.
Divestitures
Tama Divestiture
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company completed its divestiture of a U.S. business in the Paper Packaging & Services segment, Tama Paperboard, LLC (the “Tama Divestiture”), for current net cash proceeds of $100.2 million. The Tama Divestiture did not qualify as discontinued operations as it did not represent a strategic shift that has had a major impact on the Company’s operations or financial results. The Tama Divestiture resulted in a $54.6 million gain on sale of business, including goodwill allocated to the sale of $22.5 million.
NOTE 23 — RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring reserve balances for the six months ended April 30, 2022:2023:
(in millions)(in millions)Employee
Separation
Costs
Other
Costs
Total(in millions)Employee
Separation
Costs
Other
Costs
Total
Balance at October 31, 2021$18.6 $1.7 $20.3 
Balance at October 31, 2022Balance at October 31, 2022$11.2 $1.1 $12.3 
Costs incurred and charged to expenseCosts incurred and charged to expense3.9 3.3 7.2 Costs incurred and charged to expense2.7 2.1 4.8 
Costs paid or otherwise settledCosts paid or otherwise settled(9.6)(3.8)(13.4)Costs paid or otherwise settled(2.5)(2.4)(4.9)
Balance at April 30, 2022$12.9 $1.2 $14.1 
Balance at April 30, 2023Balance at April 30, 2023$11.4 $0.8 $12.2 
The focus for restructuring activities in 20222023 is to optimize operations and close under-performing assets.
During the three months ended April 30, 2022,2023, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $3.7$2.4 million, as compared to $12.0$3.7 million of restructuring charges recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2021.2022. The restructuring activity for the three months ended April 30, 20222023 consisted of $2.3$1.6 million in employee separation costs and $1.4$0.8 million in other restructuring costs, primarily consisting of professional fees and other fees associated with restructuring activities.
During the six months ended April 30, 2022,2023, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $7.2$4.8 million, as compared to $15.1$7.2 million of restructuring charges recorded during the six months ended April 30, 2021.2022. The restructuring activity for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 consisted of $3.9$2.7 million in employee separation costs and $3.3$2.1 million in other restructuring costs, primarily consisting of professional fees and other fees associated with restructuring activities.
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The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts expected to be incurred from open restructuring plans or plans that are being formulated and have not been announced as of the filing date of this Form 10-Q. Remaining amounts expected to be incurred were $10.9$14.8 million as of April 30, 2022:2023:
(in millions)(in millions)Total Amounts
Expected to
be Incurred
Amounts Incurred During the Six Months Ended April 30, 2022Amounts
Remaining
to be Incurred
(in millions)Total Amounts
Expected to
be Incurred
Amounts Incurred During the Six Months Ended April 30, 2023Amounts
Remaining
to be Incurred
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging
Employee separation costsEmployee separation costs$10.1 $3.3 $6.8 Employee separation costs$5.4 $1.7 $3.7 
Other restructuring costsOther restructuring costs3.7 1.5 2.2 Other restructuring costs2.2 1.2 1.0 
13.8 4.8 9.0 7.6 2.9 4.7 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services
Employee separation costsEmployee separation costs1.1 0.6 0.5 Employee separation costs4.6 1.0 3.6 
Other restructuring costsOther restructuring costs3.2 1.8 1.4 Other restructuring costs7.4 0.9 6.5 
4.3 2.4 1.9 12.0 1.9 10.1 
$18.1 $7.2 $10.9 $19.6 $4.8 $14.8 
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NOTE 34 — LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt is summarized as follows:
(in millions)(in millions)April 30, 2022October 31, 2021(in millions)April 30, 2023October 31, 2022
2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans$1,615.0 $— 2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans$1,534.2 $1,565.0 
2019 Credit Agreement - Term Loans— 1,247.3 
Senior Notes due 2027— 495.9 
Accounts receivable credit facilitiesAccounts receivable credit facilities380.6 391.1 Accounts receivable credit facilities353.2 311.4 
2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility85.3 — 2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility406.5 41.9 
2019 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility— 50.5 
Other debtOther debt0.4 0.6 Other debt0.3 0.4 
2,081.3 2,185.4 2,294.2 1,918.7 
Less: current portionLess: current portion80.8 120.3 Less: current portion80.8 71.1 
Less: deferred financing costsLess: deferred financing costs9.2 10.3 Less: deferred financing costs7.3 8.3 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net$1,991.3 $2,054.8 Long-term debt, net$2,206.1 $1,839.3 
2022 Credit Agreement
On March 1, 2022, theThe Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered intoare parties to a second amended and restated senior secured credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of financial institutions. The 2022 Credit Agreement amended, restated and replaced in its entirety the Company's previous credit agreement, referred to as the "2019 Credit Agreement".
The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for (a) an $800.0 million secured revolving credit facility, consisting of a $725.0 million multicurrency facility and a $75.0 million U.S. dollar facility, maturing on March 1, 2027, (b) a $1,100$1,100.0 million secured term loan A-1 facility with quarterly principal installments commencingthat commenced on July 31, 2022 and continuingcontinue through January 31, 2027, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan A-1 facility being due and payable on maturity on March 1, 2027, and (c) a $515.0 million secured term loan A-2 facility with quarterly principal installments commencingthat commenced on July 31, 2022 and continuingcontinue through January 31, 2027, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan A-2 being due and payable on maturity on March 1, 2027. The term loan A-2 facility reflectsSubject to the combinationterms of the outstanding balances of2022 Credit Agreement, the secured term A-2 and A-3 loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement.
The Company used the borrowingshas an option to borrow additional funds under the 2022 Credit Agreement on March 1, 2022, to redeemwith the Senior Notes due 2027, and to repay and refinance allagreement of the outstanding borrowings under the 2019 Credit Agreement, and will use the borrowings thereunder to fund ongoing working capital and capital expenditure needs and for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, and to pay related fees and expenses. lenders.
Interest is based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"(“SOFR”) plus a credit spread adjustment Euro Interbank Offer Rate ("EURIBOR") or a base rate that resets periodically plus, in each case, a calculated margin amount that is based on ourthe Company’s leverage ratio. Subject to the terms of the 2022 Credit Agreement, the Company has an option to add borrowings to the 2022 Credit Agreement with the agreement of the lenders.
As of April 30, 2022, $1,700.32023, $1,940.7 million was outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement. The current portion was $80.8 million, and the long-term portion was $1,619.5$1,859.9 million. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement was 1.45%5.38% for the six months ended April 30, 2022.2023. The actual interest rate for borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement was 1.74%6.19% as of April 30, 2022.2023. The deferred financing costs associated with the term loan portion of the 2022 Credit Agreement totaled $9.2$7.3 million as of April 30, 20222023 and are recorded as a reduction of long-term debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The deferred financing costs associated with the revolverrevolving portion of the 2022
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Credit Agreement totaled $5.1$4.0 million as of April 30, 20222023 and are recorded within other long-term assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As2023 Credit Agreement
Subsequent to the quarter, on May 17, 2023, the Company and Greif Packing LLC (“Greif Packaging”) entered into a result$300.0 million senior secured credit agreement (the “2023 Credit Agreement”) with CoBank, ACB (“CoBank”), who acted as a lender and is acting as administrative agent of the refinancing, $0.7 million of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the 20192023 Credit Agreement. The 2023 Credit Agreement and $2.8 millionis permitted incremental equivalent debt under the terms of newly incurred financing costs related to the 2022 Credit Agreement. The 2023 Credit Agreement were expensed as debt extinguishment charges inprovides for a $300.0 million secured term loan facility with quarterly principal installments commencing on July 31, 2023 and continuing through January 31, 2028, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan being due and payable on maturity on May 17, 2028. The Company used the interim condensed consolidated statements of income.
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Senior Notes due 2027
On March 1, 2022,borrowing under the Company redeemed all of its outstanding Senior Notes due 2027, which were issued by the Company on February 11, 2019, for $500.0 million. The total redemption price for the Senior Notes due 2022 was $516.3 million, which was equal2023 Credit Agreement to the aggregate principal payment outstanding of $500.0 million plusrepay and refinance a call premium of $16.3 million. The premium was recognized as a debt extinguishment charges on the interim condensed consolidated statements of income. The paymentportion of the redemption price was funded byoutstanding borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement.
AsInterest accruing under the 2023 Credit Agreement is based on SOFR plus a result of redeeming the Senior Notes due 2027, $1.8 million of unamortized deferred financing costs and $3.8 million of unamortized discount were expensed as debt extinguishment chargescredit spread adjustment or a base rate that resets periodically plus, in each case, a calculated margin amount that is based on the interim condensed consolidated statements of income.Company’s leverage ratio.
United States Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility
On May 17, 2022, Greif Receivables Funding LLC (“Greif Funding”), Greif Packaging, LLC (“Greif Packaging”), and certain other U.S. subsidiaries of the Company are parties to an amended and restated its U.S. receivables financing facilityReceivables Financing Facility Agreement (the “U.S. Receivables Facility”RFA”). Prior to this amendment,On May 17, 2023, the maximum availability was $275.0 million. The U.S. Receivables Facility has a maturity date of the U.S. RFA was extended to May 17, 2023 and2024. The U.S. RFA provides an accounts receivable financing facility of $300.0 million. As of April 30, 2022,2023, there was $275.0$258.3 million outstanding under the U.S. Receivables Facility that is reported as long-term debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets because the Company intends to refinance these obligations on a long-term basis and has the intent and ability to consummate a long-term refinancing by exercising the renewal option in the respective agreement or entering into new financing arrangements.RFA.
Greif Funding is a direct subsidiary of Greif Packaging and is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. However, because Greif Funding is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Company, the assets of Greif Funding are not available to satisfy the liabilities and obligations of the Company, Greif Packaging or other subsidiaries of the Company, and the liabilities of Greif Funding are not the liabilities or obligations of the Company or its other subsidiaries.
International Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility
On April 20, 2022, Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. and Greif Services Belgium BV, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc., are parties to an amended and restated the Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Financing Agreement (the "European RFA"“European RFA”) with affiliates of a major international bank. The amended and restatedOn April 14, 2023, the maturity date of the European RFA matureswas extended to April 24, 2023.23, 2024. The European RFA provides an accounts receivable financing facility of up to €100.0 million ($105.6110.4 million as of April 30, 2022)2023) secured by certain European accounts receivable. The $105.6As of April 30, 2023, $95.0 million was outstanding on the European RFA as of April 30, 2022 is reported as long-term debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets because the Company intends to refinance these obligations on a long-term basis and has the intent and ability to consummate a long-term refinancing by exercising the renewal option in the respective agreement or entering into new financing arrangements.RFA.
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NOTE 45 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the fair value for those assets and (liabilities) measured on a recurring basis as of April 30, 20222023 and October 31, 2021:2022:
April 30, 2022April 30, 2023
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
(in millions)(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Interest rate derivativesInterest rate derivatives$— $29.8 $— $29.8 $— $(1.6)$— $(1.6)Interest rate derivatives$— $49.8 $— $49.8 $— $(10.0)$— $(10.0)
Foreign exchange hedgesForeign exchange hedges— 2.1 — 2.1 — (0.5)— (0.5)Foreign exchange hedges— 1.1 — 1.1 — (2.6)— (2.6)
Insurance annuityInsurance annuity— — 19.0 19.0 — — — — Insurance annuity— — 19.7 19.7 — — — — 
Cross currency swapCross currency swap— 30.0 — 30.0 — — — — Cross currency swap— 15.5 — 15.5 — (3.2)— (3.2)
October 31, 2021October 31, 2022
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
(in millions)(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Interest rate derivativesInterest rate derivatives$— $7.6 $— $7.6 $— $(16.8)$— $(16.8)Interest rate derivatives$— $72.1 $— $72.1 $— $(1.0)$— $(1.0)
Foreign exchange hedgesForeign exchange hedges— 0.1 — 0.1 — (0.1)— (0.1)Foreign exchange hedges— — — — — (0.2)— (0.2)
Insurance annuityInsurance annuity— — 20.9 20.9 — — — — Insurance annuity— — 17.8 17.8 — — — — 
Cross currency swapCross currency swap— 10.2 — 10.2 — (1.2)— (1.2)Cross currency swap— 46.8 — 46.8 — — — — 
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, current liabilities and short-term borrowings as of April 30, 20222023 and October 31, 20212022 approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these items and are not included in this table.
Interest Rate Derivatives
TheAs of April 30, 2023, the Company has various borrowing facilities which charge interest based on the one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR and SOFR rate plus a spread.
In 2022, the Company entered into 3 interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $150.0$1,300.0 million, that amortize to $30.0 million over a five-year term, maturing onbetween March 1, 2027. The outstanding notional amount as of April 30, 2022 is $150.0 million.11, 2024 and July 16, 2029. The Company receiveswill receive variable rate interest payments based upon one-month U.S. dollar SOFR, and in return the Company iswill be obligated to pay interest at a weighted-averageweighted average fixed interest rate of 2.21% plus a spread.2.62%. This effectively convertedwill convert the borrowing rate on an amount of debt equal to the outstanding notional amount of the interest rate swapswaps from a variable rate to a fixed rate.
In 2020, the Company entered into 4 interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $200.0 million, maturing on July 15, 2029. The Company receives variable rate interest payments based upon one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR, and in return the Company is obligated to pay interest at a weighted-average interest rate of 0.90% plus a spread. This effectively converted the borrowing rate on an amount of debt equal to the outstanding notional amount of the interest rate swap from a variable rate to a fixed rate.
In 2019, the Company entered into 6 interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1,300.0 million that amortize to $200.0 million over a five-year term, maturing on March 11, 2024. The outstanding notional amount as of April 30, 2022 is $500.0 million. The Company receives variable rate interest payments based upon one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR, and in return the Company is obligated to pay interest at a weighted-average interest rate of 2.49% plus a spread. This effectively converted the borrowing rate on an amount of debt equal to the outstanding notional amount of the interest rate swap from a variable rate to a fixed rate.
In 2017, the Company entered into 3 interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $300.0 million that matured on February 1, 2022. The Company received variable rate interest payments based upon one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR, and in return the Company was obligated to pay interest at a fixed rate of 1.19% plus a spread. This effectively converted the borrowing rate on an amount of debt equal to the outstanding notional amount of the interest rate swap from a variable rate to a fixed rate.
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These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the gain or loss on these derivative instruments areis reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. See Note 1112 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures of the aggregate gain or loss included within other comprehensive income. The assumptions used in measuring fair value of these interest rate derivatives are considered level 2 inputs, which are based upon observable market rates, including LIBORSOFR and interest paid based upon a designated fixed rate over the life of the swap agreements.
LossesGains (losses) reclassified to earnings under these contracts were $3.3$6.6 million and $4.3$(3.3) million for the three months ended April 30, 2023, and 2022, and 2021, respectively. LossesGains (losses) reclassified to earnings under these contracts were $7.6$11.3 million and $8.7$(7.6) million for the six months ended April 30, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, respectively. A derivative gain of $3.3$27.7 million, based upon interest rates at April 30, 2022,2023, is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings in the next twelve months.
Foreign Exchange Hedges
The Company conducts business in various international currencies and is subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. The Company’s objective is to reduce volatility associated with foreign exchange rate changes. Accordingly, the Company enters into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of certain existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency cash flows. As of April 30, 2022,2023, and October 31, 2021,2022, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in the notional amount of $119.3$155.7 million and $81.8$132.1 million, respectively.
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Adjustments to fair value are recognized in earnings, offsetting the impact of the hedged profits. The assumptions used in measuring fair value of foreign exchange hedges are considered level 2 inputs, which are based on observable market pricing for similar instruments, principally foreign exchange futures contracts.
For the three months ended April 30, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, the Company recorded a realized gain (loss) of $0.3$0.6 million and $(0.6)$0.3 million under fair value contracts in other expense, net. For the six months ended April 30, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, the Company recorded realized gains (losses)gain (loss) of $(2.1)$0.7 million and $1.3$(2.1) million under fair value contracts in other expense, net.
For the three months ended April 30, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, the Company recorded an unrealized net gain (loss) of $0.6$1.3 million and $(0.6)$0.6 million in other expense, net. For the six months ended April 30, 2022,2023, and 2021,2022, the Company recorded an unrealized net gain (loss) of $1.6$(1.5) million and $(1.2)$1.6 million in other expense, net.
Cross Currency Swap
The Company has operations and investments in various international locations and is subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates.
In October 2021, As of April 30, 2023, the Company entered into 2has various cross currency interest rate swap agreementsswaps that synthetically swap $116.8$319.3 million of fixed rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt atdebt. The Company receives a weighted average rate of 1.26%.1.39% on these swaps. These agreements are designated as either net investment hedges or cash flow hedges for accounting purposes and will mature inbetween March 2, 2024 and October 5, 2026.
In August 2021, the Company entered into 2 cross currency interest rate swap agreements that synthetically swap $117.6 million of fixed rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt at a weighted average rate of 1.19%. These agreements are designated as net investment hedges for accounting purposes and will mature in August 2026.
In March 2018, the Company entered into 2 cross currency interest rate swap agreement that synthetically swaps $100.0 million of fixed rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt at a rate of 2.35%. The agreement is designated as a net investment hedge for accounting purposes and will mature in March 2023.
The gain or loss on these net investment hedge derivative instruments is included in the foreign currency translation component of other comprehensive income until the net investment is sold, diluted, or liquidated. See Note 1112 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures of the aggregate gain or loss included within other comprehensive income. The gain or loss on the cash flow hedge derivative instruments is included in the unrealized foreign exchange component of other expense, offset by the underlying gain or loss on the underlying cash flows that are being hedged. Interest payments received for the cross currency swap are excluded from the net investment hedge effectiveness assessment and are recorded in interest expense, net on the consolidated statements of income. The assumptions used in measuring fair value of the cross currency swap are considered level 2 inputs, which are based upon the Euro to United States dollar exchange rate market.
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For the three months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, gains recorded in interest expense, net under the cross currency swap agreements were $1.4$1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.$1.4 million. For the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, gains recorded in interest expense, net under the cross currency swap agreements were $2.8$2.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively.$2.8 million.
Other Financial Instruments
The fair values of the Company’s 2022 Credit Agreement, the U.S. Receivables Facility and the European RFA do not materially differ from carrying value becauseas the Company’s cost of borrowing is variable and approximates current borrowing rates. The fair values of the Company’s long-term obligations are estimated based on either the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or the current interest rates offered for the debt of the same remaining maturities, which are considered level 2 inputs in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC")ASC Topic 820, "Fair“Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures."
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Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company recognized asset impairment charges of $62.4 million and $1.5 million during the six months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the impairment of long-lived assets held and used and net assets held for sale for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
 Quantitative Information about Level 3
Fair Value Measurements
(in millions)Impairment AmountValuation
Technique
Unobservable
Input
Range of
Input
Values
April 30, 2023
Long Lived Assets$1.8 Discounted Cash Flows; Indicative BidsDiscounted Cash Flows; Indicative BidsN/A
Total$1.8 
April 30, 2022
Net Assets Held for Sale$62.4 Indicative BidsIndicative BidsN/A
Total$62.4 
April 30, 2021
Long Lived Assets$1.5 Discounted Cash Flows; Indicative BidsDiscounted Cash Flows; Indicative BidsN/A
Total$1.5 
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
On December 31, 2021,During the six months ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded no impairment charges related to assets and liabilities held for sale. During the six months ended April 30, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to divest its approximately 50% equity interest in the Flexible Products & Services business (the "FPS Divestiture"“FPS Divestiture”). This agreement triggered the reclassification of the Flexible Products & Services business to assets and liabilities held for sale, which further resulted in recognized impairment charges of $62.4 million in the first quarter of 2022. See Note 13 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures of the FPS Divestiture. During the six months ended April 30, 2021, the Company recorded no impairment charges related to assets and liabilities held for sale.
The assumptions used in measuring fair value of assets and liabilities held for sale are considered level 3 inputs, which include recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from commercial real estate brokers.
Long-Lived Assets
As necessary, based on triggering events, the Company measures long-lived assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The Company recorded no$1.8 million impairment charges related to both properties, plants and equipment, net and intangible assets during the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and $1.5 millionno impairment charges related to both properties, plants and equipment, net and intangible assets during the six months ended April 30, 2021,2022, respectively.
The assumptions used in measuring fair value of long-lived assets are considered level 3 inputs, which include bids received from third parties, recent purchase offers, market comparable information and discounted cash flows based on assumptions that market participants would use.
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NOTE 56 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Long-Term Incentive Plan
The Company'sCompany’s 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2020 LTIP"“2020 LTIP”) is intended to focus management on the key measures that drive superior performance over the longer term. The 2020 LTIP provides key employees with incentive compensation based upon consecutive and overlapping three-year performance periods that commence at the start of every year. For each three-year performance period, the performance goals are based on performance criteria as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. For each three-year performance period commencing at the beginning of the year, participants may be granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) or performance stock units (“PSUs”) or a combination of both.
The Company may grant RSUs based on a three-year vesting period on the basis of service only. The RSUs are an equity-classified plan measured at fair value on the grant date recognized ratably over the service period. Dividend-equivalent rights may be granted in connection with an RSU award and are recognized in conjunction with the Company'sCompany’s dividend issuance and settled upon vesting of the award.
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The Company granted 99,006105,753 RSUs on December 16, 2021,14, 2022, for the performance period commencing on November 1, 20212022 and ending October 31, 2024.2025. The weighted average fair value of the RSUs granted on that date was $60.54.$68.99.
During 2023, the Company issued 76,005 shares of Class A Common Stock excluding shares withheld for the payment of taxes owed by recipients for RSUs vested for the performance period commenced on November 1, 2020 and ended October 31, 2022.
Under the 2020 LTIP, the Company may grant PSUs for a three-year performance period based upon service, performance criteria and market conditions. The performance criteria are based on targeted levels of (a) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization and (b) total shareholder return, as determined by the Compensation Committee. The PSUs are a liability-classified plan wherein the fair value of the PSUs awarded is determined at each reporting period using a Monte Carlo simulation. A Monte Carlo simulation uses assumptions including the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, and expected life of the awards to determine a fair value of the market condition throughout the vesting period.
The Company granted 162,392183,218 PSUs on December 16, 2021,14, 2022, for the performance period commencing on November 1, 20212022 and ending October 31, 2024.2025. If earned, the PSUs are to be awarded in shares of Class A Common Stock. The weighted average fair value of the PSUs granted on that date was $60.08.$70.06. The weighted average fair value of the PSUs at April 30, 20222023 was $86.80.$74.09.
During 2023, the Company issued 256,053 shares of Class A Common Stock excluding shares withheld for the payment of taxes owed by recipients for PSUs vested for the performance period commenced on November 1, 2020 and ended October 31, 2022.
NOTE 67 — INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense for the quarter and year to date periods was computed in accordance with ASC 740-270 "Income“Income Taxes - Interim Reporting." Under this method, losses from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided have not been included in the amount to which the ASC 740-270 rate was applied. The Company'sCompany’s income tax expense may fluctuate due to changes in estimated losses and income from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided, the timing of recognition of the related tax expense under ASC 740-270, and the impact of discrete items in the respective quarter.
For the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and April 30, 2021,2022, income tax expense was $65.5$76.8 million and $23.4$65.5 million, respectively. The $42.1$11.3 million net increase in income tax expense for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 was primarily the resultattributable to $18.8 million increased tax expense associated with business divestitures, $2.7 million fewer benefits from releases of an increase inuncertain tax positions and $1.4 million of miscellaneous other items; offset by $11.6 million reduced tax expense on lower pre-tax book earnings, changesincome excluding the book gain on business divestiture. Additionally, in the expected mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, including jurisdictions for which valuation allowances have been recorded, and the timing of recognition of the related tax expense under ASC740-270. Additionally,2022, a net $60.4 million book expense was recorded related to the FPS Divestiture and other businesses for which there is expected to be no tax benefit.benefit was recorded.
NOTE 78 — POST RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
The components of net periodic pension cost include the following:
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Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)2022202120222021(in millions)2023202220232022
Service costService cost$3.0 $3.1 $6.0 $6.2 Service cost$2.0 $3.0 $4.0 $6.0 
Interest costInterest cost5.1 4.6 10.2 9.1 Interest cost8.7 5.1 17.4 10.2 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(8.3)(8.1)(16.5)(16.0)Expected return on plan assets(9.7)(8.3)(19.4)(16.5)
Amortization of prior service costAmortization of prior service cost(0.1)(0.1)(0.2)(0.1)Amortization of prior service cost(0.1)(0.1)(0.2)(0.2)
Recognized net actuarial lossRecognized net actuarial loss2.0 3.7 4.0 7.5 Recognized net actuarial loss(0.6)2.0 (1.1)4.0 
Net periodic pension costNet periodic pension cost$1.7 $3.2 $3.5 $6.7 Net periodic pension cost$0.3 $1.7 $0.7 $3.5 
As previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report onCompany’s 2022 Form 10-K, for the year ended October 31, 2021, the Company expects to make employer contributions of $35.5$28.4 million, including benefits paid directly by the Company, during 2022.2023.
The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit, other than the service cost components, are included in the line item "Other“Other income, net"net” in the interim condensed consolidated statements of income.
During the six months ended April 30, 2021, an annuity contract for approximately $100.0 million was purchased with United States defined benefit plan assets and the pension obligation for certain retirees in the United States under that plan was irrevocably transferred from that plan to the annuity contract. Additionally, lump sum payments totaling $6.0 million and $7.5 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2021 were made from the defined benefit plan assets to certain participants who agreed to such payments, representing the current fair value
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Table of the participant’s respective pension benefit. The settlement items described above resulted in a decrease in the fair value of both the plan assets and the projected benefit obligation of $107.5 million and a non-cash pension settlement charge of $0.1 million and $8.6 million of unrecognized net actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended April 30, 2021.Contents
NOTE 89 — CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESERVES
Litigation-related Liabilities
The Company may become involved from time-to-time in litigation and regulatory matters incidental to its business, including governmental investigations, enforcement actions, personal injury claims, product liability, employment health and safety matters, commercial disputes, intellectual property matters, disputes regarding environmental clean-up costs, litigation in connection with acquisitions and divestitures, and other matters arising out of the normal conduct of its business. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in such litigation. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
The Company may accrue for contingencies related to litigation and regulatory matters if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions can occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. The Company regularly reviews contingencies to determine whether its accruals are adequate. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates.
Environmental Reserves
As of April 30, 2022,2023, and October 31, 2021,2022, the Company'sCompany’s environmental reserves were $20.3$19.8 million and $19.5$19.0 million, respectively. These reserves are principally based on environmental studies and cost estimates provided by third parties, but also take into account management estimates. The estimated liabilities are reduced to reflect the anticipated participation of other potentially responsible parties in those instances where it is probable that such parties are legally responsible and financially capable of paying their respective shares of relevant costs. For sites that involve formal actions subject to joint and several liabilities, these actions have formal agreements in place to apportion the liability.
As of April 30, 20222023 and October 31, 2021,2022, the Company has accrued $11.0$9.8 million for the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site in New Jersey.
Aside from the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, other environmental reserves of the Company as of April 30, 20222023 and October 31, 20212022 included $9.3$10.0 million and $8.5$9.2 million, respectively, for its various facilities around the world. It is possible that there could be resolution of uncertainties in the future that would require the Company to record charges that could be material to future earnings.
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The Company’s exposure to adverse developments with respect to any individual site is not expected to be material. Although environmental remediation could have a material effect on results of operations if a series of adverse developments occur in a particular quarter or year, the Company believes that the chance of a series of adverse developments occurring in the same quarter or year is remote. Future information and developments will require the Company to continually reassess the expected impact of these environmental matters.
NOTE 910 — EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company has two classes of common stock and, as such, applies the “two-class method” of computing earnings per share (“EPS”) as prescribed in ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” In accordance with this guidance, earnings are allocated in the same fashion as dividends would be distributed. Under the Company’s certificate of incorporation, any distribution of dividends in any year must be made in proportion of 1one cent a share for Class A Common Stock to one and one-half cents a share for Class B Common Stock, which results in a 40% to 60% split to Class A and B shareholders, respectively. In accordance with this, earnings are allocated first to Class A and Class B Common Stock to the extent that dividends are actually paid and the remainder is allocated assuming all of the earnings for the period have been distributed in the form of dividends.
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The Company calculates EPS as follows:
Basic Class A EPS=40% * Average Class A Shares Outstanding*Undistributed Net Income+Class A Dividends Per Share
40% * Average Class A Shares Outstanding + 60% * Average Class B Shares OutstandingAverage Class A Shares Outstanding
Diluted Class A EPS=40% * Average Class A Shares Outstanding*Undistributed Net Income+Class A Dividends Per Share
40% * Average Class A Shares Outstanding + 60% * Average Class B Shares OutstandingAverage Diluted Class A Shares Outstanding
Basic Class B EPS=60% * Average Class B Shares Outstanding*Undistributed Net Income+Class B Dividends Per Share
40% * Average Class A Shares Outstanding + 60% * Average Class B Shares OutstandingAverage Class B Shares Outstanding
         *Diluted Class B EPS calculation is identical to Basic Class B calculation
The following table provides EPS information for each period, respectively:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)2022202120222021(in millions)2023202220232022
Numerator for basic and diluted EPSNumerator for basic and diluted EPSNumerator for basic and diluted EPS
Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.$125.1 $149.8 $135.4 $173.2 Net income attributable to Greif, Inc.$111.2 $125.1 $201.1 $135.4 
Cash dividendsCash dividends(27.4)(26.3)(54.6)(52.2)Cash dividends(29.0)(27.4)(57.9)(54.6)
Undistributed earnings attributable to Greif, Inc.Undistributed earnings attributable to Greif, Inc.$97.7 $123.5 $80.8 $121.0 Undistributed earnings attributable to Greif, Inc.$82.2 $97.7 $143.2 $80.8 
The Class A Common Stock has no voting rights unless four quarterly cumulative dividends upon the Class A Common Stock are in arrears. The Class B Common Stock has full voting rights. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors.
Common Stock Repurchases
In June 2022, the Stock Repurchase Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of shares of the Company’s Class A or Class B Common Stock or any combination thereof. On June 23, 2022, the Company entered into a $75.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with Bank of America, N.A. for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. In addition, at that time the Company initiated a plan to repurchase an aggregate of $75.0 million of shares of its Class A or Class B Common Stock, or any combination thereof, in open market purchases (“OSR program”). The OSR program was completed on May 26, 2023.
Under the ASR, on June 24, 2022, the Company made a payment of $75.0 million and received an initial delivery of approximately 80% of the expected share repurchases, or 1,021,451 shares of Class A Common Stock. On February 28, 2023, the Company received the remaining 94,259 shares of Class A Common Stock.
The Company began making repurchases of Class B Common Stock under the OSR program on September 9, 2022 and repurchases of Class A Common Stock under the OSR program on March 16, 2023 in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of April 30, 2023, $25.0 million of shares of Class A Common Stock, or 406,343 shares, and $45.7 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 619,804 shares, had been repurchased under the OSR program. Subsequent to the quarter, during May 2023, the Company purchased $4.3 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 56,794 shares, which completed the OSR program.
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The following table summarizes the shares of the Company’s Class A and Class B common and treasury sharesCommon Stock as of the specified dates:
Authorized
Shares
Issued
Shares
Outstanding
Shares
Treasury
Shares
Authorized
Shares
Issued
Shares
Outstanding
Shares
Treasury
Shares
April 30, 2022
April 30, 2023April 30, 2023
Class A Common StockClass A Common Stock128,000,000 42,281,920 26,627,738 15,654,182 Class A Common Stock128,000,000 42,281,920 25,473,248 16,808,672 
Class B Common StockClass B Common Stock69,120,000 34,560,000 22,007,725 12,552,275 Class B Common Stock69,120,000 34,560,000 21,387,921 13,172,079 
October 31, 2021
October 31, 2022October 31, 2022
Class A Common StockClass A Common Stock128,000,000 42,281,920 26,550,924 15,730,996 Class A Common Stock128,000,000 42,281,920 25,606,287 16,675,633 
Class B Common StockClass B Common Stock69,120,000 34,560,000 22,007,725 12,552,275 Class B Common Stock69,120,000 34,560,000 21,836,745 12,723,255 
The following is a reconciliation of the shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
2022202120222021 2023202220232022
Class A Common Stock:Class A Common Stock:Class A Common Stock:
Basic sharesBasic shares26,618,116 26,544,197 26,596,024 26,500,134 Basic shares25,771,973 26,618,116 25,712,178 26,596,024 
Assumed conversion of restricted sharesAssumed conversion of restricted shares194,898 120,050 180,522 102,616 Assumed conversion of restricted shares413,922 194,898 274,499 180,522 
Diluted sharesDiluted shares26,813,014 26,664,247 26,776,546 26,602,750 Diluted shares26,185,895 26,813,014 25,986,677 26,776,546 
Class B Common Stock:Class B Common Stock:Class B Common Stock:
Basic and diluted sharesBasic and diluted shares22,007,725 22,007,725 22,007,725 22,007,725 Basic and diluted shares21,495,741 22,007,725 21,608,671 22,007,725 
NOTE 1011 — LEASES
The Company leases certain buildings, warehouses, land, transportation equipment, operating equipment, and office equipment with remaining lease terms from less than 1 year up to 2019 years. The Company reviews all options to extend, terminate, or purchase a right of use asset at the time of lease inception and accounts for options deemed reasonably certain.
The Company combines lease and non-lease components for all leases, except real estate, for which these components are presented separately. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not capitalized and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The implicit rate is not readily determinable for substantially all of the Company'sCompany’s leases, and therefore the initial present value of lease payments is calculated utilizing an estimated incremental borrowing rate determined at the portfolio level based on market and Company specific information.
Certain of the Company’s leases include variable costs. As the right of use asset recorded on the balance sheet was determined based upon factors considered at the commencement date, changes in these variable expenses are not capitalized and are expensed as incurred throughout the lease term.
As of April 30, 2022,2023, the Company does not have material exposure to finance leases and has not entered into any significant leases which have not yet commenced.
The following table presents the lease expense components for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)2022202120222021(in millions)2023202220232022
Operating lease costOperating lease cost$16.7 $17.2 $33.7 $34.5 Operating lease cost$16.1 $16.7 $31.0 $33.7 
Finance lease cost - amortizationFinance lease cost - amortization1.1 0.2 1.8 1.0 
Finance lease cost - interestFinance lease cost - interest0.6 — 1.0 — 
Other lease cost*Other lease cost*6.3 7.0 12.0 12.7 Other lease cost*5.8 6.1 13.2 11.0 
Total lease costTotal lease cost$23.0 $24.2 $45.7 $47.2 Total lease cost$23.6 $23.0 $47.0 $45.7 
*includes variable, short-term, and finance lease costs
*includes variable and short-term lease costs*includes variable and short-term lease costs
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FutureThe following table presents the future maturity for the Company'sCompany’s lease liabilities, during the next five years, and in the aggregate for the years thereafter are as follows:of April 30, 2023:
(in millions)(in millions)April 30,
2022
(in millions)Operating LeasesFinance LeasesTotal expected payments
2022$62.9 
2023202356.5 2023$58.3 $5.8 $64.1 
2024202447.1 202451.7 5.8 57.5 
2025202541.4 202545.6 5.5 51.1 
2026202633.5 202637.6 5.4 43.0 
2027202728.7 5.2 33.9 
ThereafterThereafter110.0 Thereafter97.8 17.5 115.3 
Total lease paymentsTotal lease payments$351.4 Total lease payments$319.7 $45.2 $364.9 
Less: interestLess: interest(85.7)Less: interest(44.2)(12.2)(56.4)
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities$265.7 Lease liabilities$275.5 $33.0 $308.5 
The following table presents the weighted-average lease term and discount rate as of April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
April 30,
2022
April 30,
2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) for operating lease liabilities10.210.7
Weighted-average discount rate for operating lease liabilities3.60 %3.66 %
April 30,
2023
April 30,
2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases9.510.2
Finance leases8.12.8
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases4.14 %3.60 %
Finance leases6.31 %3.35 %
The following table presents other required lease related information for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)2022202120222021(in millions)2023202220232022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used for operating liabilitiesOperating cash flows used for operating liabilities$17.0 $17.2 $34.1 $34.6 Operating cash flows used for operating liabilities$16.1 $17.0 $31.1 $34.1 
Financing cash flows used for finance leasesFinancing cash flows used for finance leases1.0 0.3 1.7 0.6 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilitiesLeased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities4.3 11.7 12.0 13.6 Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities42.5 4.3 47.2 12.0 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilitiesLeased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— — 33.7 0.3 
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NOTE 1112 — COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table provides the rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended April 30, 2022:2023:
(in millions)Foreign
Currency
Translation
Derivative Financial InstrumentsMinimum
Pension
Liability
Adjustment
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance as of October 31, 2021$(295.4)$(3.6)$(57.5)$(356.5)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(74.9)35.9 6.5 (32.5)
Foreign currency translation released from business divestment113.1 — — 113.1 
Balance as of April 30, 2022$(257.2)$32.3 $(51.0)$(275.9)
(in millions)Foreign
Currency
Translation
Derivative Financial InstrumentsMinimum
Pension
Liability
Adjustment
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance as of October 31, 2022$(316.5)$72.8 $(58.6)$(302.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss)48.8 (30.8)(3.8)14.2 
Balance as of April 30, 2023$(267.7)$42.0 $(62.4)$(288.1)
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The following table provides the rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended April 30, 2021:2022:
(in millions)Foreign Currency
Translation
Derivative
Financial
Instruments
Minimum Pension
Liability Adjustment
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance as of October 31, 2020$(294.9)$(24.7)$(107.9)$(427.5)
Other comprehensive income33.6 11.4 47.1 92.1 
Balance as of April 30, 2021$(261.3)$(13.3)$(60.8)$(335.4)
(in millions)Foreign Currency
Translation
Derivative
Financial
Instruments
Minimum Pension
Liability Adjustment
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance as of October 31, 2021$(295.4)$(3.6)$(57.5)$(356.5)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(74.9)35.9 6.5 (32.5)
Foreign currency translation released from business divestment113.1 — — 113.1 
Balance as of April 30, 2022$(257.2)$32.3 $(51.0)$(275.9)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) above are presented net of tax, as applicable.
NOTE 1213 — BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has 6six operating segments, which are aggregated into 3three reportable business segments: Global Industrial Packaging; Paper Packaging & Services; and Land Management.
The Company’s reportable business segments offer different products and services. The accounting policies of the reportable business segments are substantially the same as those described in the “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” note in the 20212022 Form 10-K.
On March 31, 2023, the Company completed the Centurion Acquisition. Centurion is a leader in the North American IBC reconditioning industry involved in IBC rebottling, reconditioning and distribution, which complement the Company’s Global Industrial Packaging specialty portfolio. The results of Centurion are recorded within the Global Industrial Packaging segment while the Company evaluates the impact of the Centurion Acquisition on its reportable business segments.
On December 15, 2022, the Company completed the Lee Container Acquisition. Lee Container is an industry-leading manufacturer of high-performance barrier, conventional blow molded containers, jerrycans and small plastics, which complement the Company’s Global Industrial Packaging specialty portfolio. The results of Lee Container are recorded within the Global Industrial Packaging segment while the Company evaluates the impact of the Lee Container Acquisition on its reportable business segments.
The following tables present net sales disaggregated by geographic area for each reportable segment for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023:
Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$282.1 $338.2 $127.9 $748.2 
Paper Packaging & Services544.6 — 10.2 554.8 
Land Management5.9 — — 5.9 
Total net sales$832.6 $338.2 $138.1 $1,308.9 
Six Months Ended April 30, 2023
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$541.4 $653.0 $259.6 $1,454.0 
Paper Packaging & Services1,095.1 — 19.9 1,115.0 
Land Management10.9 — — 10.9 
Total net sales$1,647.4 $653.0 $279.5 $2,579.9 
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The following tables present net sales disaggregated by geographic area for each reportable segment for the three and six months ended April 30, 2022:
Three Months Ended April 30, 2022
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$345.1 $459.2 $167.4 $971.7 
Paper Packaging & Services678.5 — 10.8 689.3 
Land Management6.3 — — 6.3 
Total net sales$1,029.9 $459.2 $178.2 $1,667.3 
Six Months Ended April 30, 2022
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$663.9 $916.5 $340.4 $1,920.8 
Paper Packaging & Services1,279.3 — 20.0 1,299.3 
Land Management11.5 — — 11.5 
Total net sales$1,954.7 $916.5 $360.4 $3,231.6 
The following tables present net sales disaggregated by geographic area for each reportable segment for the three and six months ended April 30, 2021:
Three Months Ended April 30, 2021
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$250.3 $410.5 $137.2 $798.0 
Paper Packaging & Services528.4 — 8.6 537.0 
Land Management5.6 — — 5.6 
Total net sales$784.3 $410.5 $145.8 $1,340.6 
Six Months Ended April 30, 2021
(in millions)United StatesEurope, Middle East and AfricaAsia Pacific and Other AmericasTotal
Global Industrial Packaging$453.1 $741.0 $263.2 $1,457.3 
Paper Packaging & Services1,001.9 — 16.0 1,017.9 
Land Management11.9 — — 11.9 
Total net sales$1,466.9 $741.0 $279.2 $2,487.1 
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The following segment information is presented for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)2022202120222021(in millions)2023202220232022
Operating profit:Operating profit:Operating profit:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$108.0 $76.4 $139.0 $130.4 Global Industrial Packaging$111.3 $108.0 $157.2 $139.0 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services80.1 27.3 118.4 41.6 Paper Packaging & Services67.6 80.1 176.7 118.4 
Land ManagementLand Management2.0 96.9 4.7 98.6 Land Management2.2 2.0 3.6 4.7 
Total operating profitTotal operating profit$190.1 $200.6 $262.1 $270.6 Total operating profit$181.1 $190.1 $337.5 $262.1 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense:Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense:Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$18.8 $21.2 $39.4 $42.2 Global Industrial Packaging$23.2 $18.8 $44.6 $39.4 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services35.1 36.9 73.1 74.1 Paper Packaging & Services32.8 35.1 65.9 73.1 
Land ManagementLand Management0.7 0.7 1.5 1.8 Land Management0.6 0.7 1.2 1.5 
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization expenseTotal depreciation, depletion and amortization expense$54.6 $58.8 $114.0 $118.1 Total depreciation, depletion and amortization expense$56.6 $54.6 $111.7 $114.0 
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The following table presents total assets by segment and total properties, plants and equipment, net by geographic area:
(in millions)April 30,
2022
October 31,
2021
Assets:
Global Industrial Packaging$2,514.5 $2,735.1 
Paper Packaging & Services2,522.0 2,506.5 
Land Management250.5 249.2 
Total segments5,287.0 5,490.8 
Corporate and other335.9 325.0 
Total assets$5,622.9 $5,815.8 
Long lived assets, net:
United States$1,282.2 $1,321.8 
Europe, Middle East and Africa311.0 374.5 
Asia Pacific and other Americas100.0 114.3 
Total long-lived assets, net$1,693.2 $1,810.6 
NOTE 13 — DIVESTITURES
During the second quarter of 2022, the Company completed the FPS Divestiture for $123.0 million, before preliminary adjustments at closing of $38.8 million and subject to final adjustments. The Company received net cash proceeds of $131.6 million, inclusive of $24.4 million of cash and cash equivalents deconsolidated as a result of the divestiture.
The gain on sale of businesses, net for the three and six months ended April 30, 2022 was $4.2 million in the Global Industrial Packaging segment, consisting of $4.8 million gain on the sale of an equity method investment with an offsetting loss of $0.6 million due to the FPS divestiture.
(in millions)April 30,
2023
October 31,
2022
Assets:
Global Industrial Packaging$2,885.4 $2,308.4 
Paper Packaging & Services2,396.4 2,473.9 
Land Management251.7 250.0 
Total segments5,533.5 5,032.3 
Corporate and other378.0 437.6 
Total assets$5,911.5 $5,469.9 
Long lived assets, net*:
United States$1,410.1 $1,315.6 
Europe, Middle East and Africa321.9 303.7 
Asia Pacific and other Americas90.2 91.6 
Total long-lived assets, net$1,822.2 $1,710.9 
*includes property, plants and equipment, net, operating lease assets and finance lease assets
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL
The terms “Greif,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” as used in this discussion refer to Greif, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Our fiscal year begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references in unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in thethis Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("this Form 10-Q"(this “Form 10-Q”) to the years, or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ended in that year, unless otherwise stated.
The discussion and analysis presented below relates to the material changes in financial condition and results of operations for ourthe interim condensed consolidated balance sheetssheet as of April 30, 20222023 and the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2021,2022, and for the interim condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the interim condensed consolidated financial statements that appear elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 20212022 (the “2021“2022 Form 10-K”). Readers are encouraged to review the entire 20212022 Form 10-K, as it includes information regarding Greif not discussed in this Form 10-Q. This information will assist in your understanding of the discussion of our current period financial results.
All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Form 10-Q, including without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected costs, goals, trends, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “aspiration,” “objective,” “project,” “believe,” “continue,” “on track” or “target” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology. All forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are based on assumptions, expectations and other information currently available to management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements have a reasonable basis, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct.
Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those forecasted, projected or anticipated, whether expressed in or implied by the statements. Such risks and uncertainties that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) historically, our business has been sensitive to changes in general economic or business conditions, (ii) our global operations subject us to political risks, instability and currency exchange that could adversely affect our results of operations, (iii) the COVID-19 pandemic could continue to impact any combination of our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, (iv) the current and future challenging global economy and disruption and volatility of the financial and credit markets may adversely affect our business, (iv) the COVID-19 pandemic could continue to impact any combination of our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, (v) the continuing consolidation of our customer base and suppliers may intensify pricing pressure, (vi) we operate in highly competitive industries, (vii) our business is sensitive to changes in industry demands and customer preferences, (viii) raw material, price fluctuations, global supply chain disruptions and increased inflation may adversely impact our results of operations, (ix) energy and transportation price fluctuations and shortages may adversely impact our manufacturing operations and costs, (x) the frequency and volume of our timber and timberland sales will impact our financial performance, (xi) we may not successfully implement our business strategies, including achieving our growth objectives, (xii)(xi) we may encounter difficulties or liabilities arising from acquisitions or divestitures, (xiii)(xii) we may incur additional restructuringrationalization costs and there is no guarantee that our efforts to reduce costs will be successful, (xiv)(xiii) several operations are conducted by joint ventures that we cannot operate solely for our benefit, (xv)(xiv) certain of the agreements that govern our joint ventures provide our partners with put or call options, (xvi)(xv) our ability to attract, develop and retain talented and qualified employees, managers and executives is critical to our success, (xvii)(xvi) our business may be adversely impacted by work stoppages and other labor relations matters, (xviii)(xvii) we may be subject to losses that might not be covered in whole or in part by existing insurance reserves or insurance coverage and general insurance premium and deductible increases, (xix)(xviii) our business depends on the uninterrupted operations of our facilities, systems and business functions, including our information technology and other business systems, (xx)(xix) a security breach of customer, employee, supplier or our information and data privacy risks and costs of compliance with new regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, (xxi)(xx) we could be subject to changes to our tax rates, the adoption of new U.S. or foreign tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities, (xxii)(xxi) full realization of our deferred tax assets may be affected by a number of factors, (xxiii)(xxii) we have a significant amount of goodwill and long-lived assets which, if impaired in the future, would adversely impact our results of operations, (xxiv)(xxiii) our pension and post-retirement plans are underfunded and will require future cash contributions, and our required future cash contributions could be higher than we expect, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity, (xxiv) changing climate, global climate change regulations and greenhouse gas effects may adversely affect our operations and financial performance, (xxv) we may be unable to achieve our greenhouse gas emission
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reduction targets by 2030, (xxvi) legislation/regulation related to environmental and health and safety matters and corporate social responsibility could negatively impact our operations and financial performance, (xxvi)(xxvii) product liability claims and other legal proceedings could adversely affect our operations and financial performance, (xxvii)and (xxviii) we may incur fines or penalties, damage to our reputation or other adverse consequences if our employees, agents or business partners violate, or are alleged to have violated, anti-bribery, competition or other laws, (xxviii) changing climate, global climate change regulations and greenhouse gas effectslaws.
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may adversely affect our operations and financial performance, (xxix) we may be unable to achieve our greenhouse gas emission reduction targets by 2030. The risks described above are not all-inclusive, and given these and other possible risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. For a detailed discussion of the most significant risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those forecasted, projected or anticipated, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recently filed2022 Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
All forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to such risk factors. Except to the limited extent required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
OVERVIEW
Business Segments
We operate in three reportable business segments: Global Industrial Packaging; Paper Packaging & Services; and Land Management.
In the Global Industrial Packaging reportable segment, we are a leading global producer of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, rigid intermediate bulk containers, jerrycans and other small plastics, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products, water bottles and remanufactured and reconditioned industrial containers, and services, such as container life cycle management, filling, logistics, warehousing and other packaging services. We sell our industrial packaging products on a global basis to customers in industries such as chemicals, paints and pigments, food and beverage, petroleum, industrial coatings, agriculture, pharmaceutical and minerals, among others.
In the Paper Packaging & Services reportable segment, we produce and sell containerboard, corrugated sheets, corrugated containers, and other corrugated products to customers in North America in industries such as packaging, automotive, food, and building products. Our corrugated container products are used to ship such diverse products as home appliances, small machinery, grocery products, automotive components, books and furniture, as well as numerous other applications. We also produce and sell coated recycled paperboard and uncoated recycled paperboard, some of which we use to produce and sell industrial products (tubes and cores, construction products, and protective packaging), which ultimately serve both industrial and consumer markets.. In addition, we also purchase and sell recycled fiber and we also produce and sell adhesives.adhesives used in out paperboard products.
In the Land Management reportable segment, we are focused on the active harvesting and regeneration of our United States timber properties to achieve sustainable long-term yields. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of market and weather conditions. We also sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use ("HBU")HBU land and development land. As of April 30, 2022,2023, we owned approximately 175,000 acres of timber property in the southeastern United States, which includes 18,800 acres of special use land.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with these principles, require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Our critical accounting policies are discussed in Part II, Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the 20212022 Form 10-K. We believe that the consistent application of these policies enables us to provide readers of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements with useful and reliable information about our results of operations and financial condition. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from the disclosures contained in the 20212022 Form 10-K.
Recently Issued10-K, except for the inclusion of our business combinations policies as discussed below and Newly Adopted Accounting Standards
Seein Note 12 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a detailed description of recently issued and newly adopted accounting standards.10-Q.
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Business Combinations
We completed our acquisition of Lee Container Corporation, Inc. (“Lee Container”) on December 15, 2022 (the “Lee Container Acquisition”). Lee Container is an industry-leading manufacturer of high-performance barrier, conventional blow molded containers, jerrycans, and small plastics, and this acquisition expanded our Global Industrial Packaging segment portfolio. Lee Container’s results of operations have been included in our financial results for the period subsequent to its acquisition date.
We completed our acquisition of Centurion Container LLC (“Centurion”) on March 31, 2023 (the “Centurion Acquisition”), which increased our ownership interest in Centurion from approximately 10% to 80%. Centurion is a leader in the North American IBC reconditioning industry and is involved in IBC rebottling, reconditioning and distribution and expanded the Global Industrial Packaging segment portfolio. Centurion’s results of operations have been included in our financial results for the period subsequent to its acquisition date.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, we allocate the fair value of purchase consideration transferred to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. The fair values assigned, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants, are based on estimates and assumptions determined by management. The excess purchase consideration over the aggregate fair value of tangible and intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed, is recorded as goodwill.
When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.
During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill if new information is obtained related to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred.
See Note 2 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Recently Issued and Newly Adopted Accounting Standards
There have been no new accounting pronouncements issued or adopted since the filing of the 2022 Form 10-K that have significance, or potential significance, to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following comparative information is presented for the three and six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021.2022. Historical revenues and earnings may or may not be representative of future operating results as a result of various economic and other factors.

Items that could have a significant impact on the financial statements include the risks and uncertainties listed in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors, of the 20212022 Form 10-K. Actual results could differ materially using different estimates and assumptions, or if conditions are significantly different in the future.
The non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are used throughout the following discussion of our results of operations, both for our consolidated and segment results. For our consolidated results, EBITDA is defined as net income, plus interest expense, net, plus debt extinguishment charges, plus income tax expense, plus depreciation, depletion and amortization, expense, and Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA plus restructuring charges, plus timberland gains, net, plus acquisition and integration related costs, plus non-cash asset impairment charges, plus non-cash pension settlement (income) charges, plus incremental COVID-19 costs, net, plus(gain) loss (gain) on disposal of properties, plants, equipment and businesses, net, less timberland gains, net. Since we do not calculate net income by businessreportable segment, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA by businessreportable segment are reconciled to operating profit by businessreportable segment. In that case, EBITDA is defined as operating profit by businessreportable segment less other (income) expense, net, less non-cash pension settlement charges, less other (income) expense, net,charges, less equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, plus depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for that businessreportable segment, and Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA plus any restructuring charges, plus timberland gains, net, plus acquisition and integration related costs, plus non-cash asset impairment charges, plus non-cash pension settlement charges, plus incremental COVID-19 costs, net, plus (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment and businesses, net, less timberlands gains, net, for that businessreportable segment.
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We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as financial measures to evaluate our historical and ongoing operations and believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to enable investors to perform meaningful comparisons of our historical and current performance. In addition, we present our U.S. and non-U.S. income before income taxes after eliminating the impact of restructuring charges, integration related costs, non-cash asset impairment charges, non-cash pension settlement charges, incremental COVID-19 costs, net and (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment and businesses, net, timberland gains, net, which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that excluding the impact of these adjustments enables investors to perform a meaningful comparison of our current and historical performance that investors find valuable. The foregoing non-GAAP financial measures are intended to supplement and should be read together with our financial results. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered an alternative or substitute for, and should not be considered superior to, our reported financial results. Accordingly, users of this financial information should not place undue reliance on the non-GAAP financial measures.

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Second Quarter Results
The following table sets forth the net sales, operating profit, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for each of our business segments for the three months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Net sales:Net sales:Net sales:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$971.7 $798.0 Global Industrial Packaging$748.2 $971.7 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services689.3 537.0 Paper Packaging & Services554.8 689.3 
Land ManagementLand Management6.3 5.6 Land Management5.9 6.3 
Total net salesTotal net sales$1,667.3 $1,340.6 Total net sales$1,308.9 $1,667.3 
Operating profit:Operating profit:Operating profit:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$108.0 $76.4 Global Industrial Packaging$111.3 $108.0 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services80.1 27.3 Paper Packaging & Services67.6 80.1 
Land ManagementLand Management2.0 96.9 Land Management2.2 2.0 
Total operating profitTotal operating profit$190.1 $200.6 Total operating profit$181.1 $190.1 
EBITDA:EBITDA:EBITDA:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$131.8 $95.1 Global Industrial Packaging$131.5 $131.8 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services115.3 64.1 Paper Packaging & Services100.8 115.3 
Land ManagementLand Management2.7 97.6 Land Management2.8 2.7 
Total EBITDATotal EBITDA$249.8 $256.8 Total EBITDA$235.1 $249.8 
Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$130.9 $106.2 Global Industrial Packaging$121.2 $130.9 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services117.4 68.3 Paper Packaging & Services104.9 117.4 
Land ManagementLand Management2.7 2.1 Land Management2.5 2.7 
Total Adjusted EBITDATotal Adjusted EBITDA$251.0 $176.6 Total Adjusted EBITDA$228.6 $251.0 

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The following table sets forth EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, reconciled to net income and operating profit, for our consolidated results for the three months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Net incomeNet income$126.7 $154.0 Net income$116.0 $126.7 
Plus: interest expense, netPlus: interest expense, net13.2 26.7 Plus: interest expense, net23.4 13.2 
Plus: debt extinguishment chargesPlus: debt extinguishment charges25.4 — Plus: debt extinguishment charges— 25.4 
Plus: income tax expensePlus: income tax expense29.9 17.3 Plus: income tax expense39.1 29.9 
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expensePlus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense54.6 58.8 Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense56.6 54.6 
EBITDAEBITDA$249.8 $256.8 EBITDA$235.1 $249.8 
Net incomeNet income$126.7 $154.0 Net income$116.0 $126.7 
Plus: interest expense, netPlus: interest expense, net13.2 26.7 Plus: interest expense, net23.4 13.2 
Plus: income tax expensePlus: income tax expense29.9 17.3 Plus: income tax expense39.1 29.9 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 
Plus: debt extinguishment chargesPlus: debt extinguishment charges25.4 — Plus: debt extinguishment charges— 25.4 
Plus: other (income) expense, net(4.4)2.8 
Plus: other expense (income), netPlus: other expense (income), net2.9 (4.4)
Plus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxPlus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.7)(0.3)Plus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.3)(0.7)
Operating profitOperating profit190.1 200.6 Operating profit181.1 190.1 
Less: non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 
Less: other (income) expense, net(4.4)2.8 
Less: other expense (income), netLess: other expense (income), net2.9 (4.4)
Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxLess: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.7)(0.3)Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.3)(0.7)
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expensePlus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense54.6 58.8 Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense56.6 54.6 
EBITDAEBITDA249.8 256.8 EBITDA235.1 249.8 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges3.7 12.0 Plus: restructuring charges2.4 3.7 
Less: timberland gains— (95.7)
Plus: integration related costs2.0 1.8 
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs4.6 2.0 
Plus: non-cash asset impairment chargesPlus: non-cash asset impairment charges— 0.2 Plus: non-cash asset impairment charges1.3 — 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 1.2 
Plus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(4.5)0.2 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(14.8)(4.5)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$251.0 $176.6 Adjusted EBITDA$228.6 $251.0 

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The following table sets forth EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for our business segments, reconciled to the operating profit for each segment, for the three months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Three Months Ended
April 30,
Three Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging
Operating profitOperating profit$108.0 $76.4 Operating profit$111.3 $108.0 
Less: other (income) expense, net(4.3)2.8 
Less: other expense (income), netLess: other expense (income), net3.3 (4.3)
Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxLess: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.7)(0.3)Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.3)(0.7)
Plus: depreciation and amortization expensePlus: depreciation and amortization expense18.8 21.2 Plus: depreciation and amortization expense23.2 18.8 
EBITDAEBITDA131.8 95.1 EBITDA131.5 131.8 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges2.7 10.2 Plus: restructuring charges0.8 2.7 
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs2.5 — 
Plus: non-cash asset impairment chargesPlus: non-cash asset impairment charges1.0 — 
Plus: non-cash asset impairment charges— 0.2 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 0.5 
Plus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(3.6)0.2 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(14.6)(3.6)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$130.9 $106.2 Adjusted EBITDA$121.2 $130.9 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services
Operating profitOperating profit$80.1 $27.3 Operating profit$67.6 $80.1 
Less: non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 
Less: other income, netLess: other income, net(0.1)— Less: other income, net(0.4)(0.1)
Plus: depreciation and amortization expensePlus: depreciation and amortization expense35.1 36.9 Plus: depreciation and amortization expense32.8 35.1 
EBITDAEBITDA115.3 64.1 EBITDA100.8 115.3 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges1.0 1.7 Plus: restructuring charges1.6 1.0 
Plus: integration related costs2.0 1.8 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 0.1 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 0.7 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(0.9)(0.1)
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs2.1 2.0 
Plus: non-cash asset impairment chargesPlus: non-cash asset impairment charges0.3 — 
Plus: (loss) gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, netPlus: (loss) gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net0.1 (0.9)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$117.4 $68.3 Adjusted EBITDA$104.9 $117.4 
Land ManagementLand ManagementLand Management
Operating profitOperating profit$2.0 $96.9 Operating profit$2.2 $2.0 
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense0.7 0.7 
Plus: depreciation and depletion expensePlus: depreciation and depletion expense0.6 0.7 
EBITDAEBITDA2.7 97.6 EBITDA2.8 2.7 
Plus: restructuring charges— 0.1 
Less: timberland gains— (95.7)
Plus: loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net— 0.1 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(0.3)— 
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$2.7 $2.1 Adjusted EBITDA$2.5 $2.7 
Net Sales
Net sales were $1,308.9 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $1,667.3 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $1,340.62022. The $358.4 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $326.7 million increasedecrease was primarily due to higherlower average sale prices and higher published containerboard and boxboard pricesvolumes across the Global Industrial Packaging andsegment, lower volumes across the Paper Packaging & Services segments, respectively.segment and the $59.5 million impact to net sales resulting from the divestiture of the Flexibles Product & Services business in the second quarter of 2022 (the “FPS Divestiture”). See the "Segment Review"“Segment Review” below for additional information on net sales by segment for the second quarter of 2022.2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $311.8 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $338.7 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $265.92022. The $26.9 million for the second quarter of 2021. The increasedecrease was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by higherlower raw material, transportation and manufacturing costs. See the "Segment Review"“Segment Review” below for additional information on gross profit by segment. Gross profit margin was 20.323.8 percent and 19.820.3 percent for the second quarter of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $137.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 and $147.4 million for the second quarter of 2022 and $146.82022. The $10.2 million for the second quarter of 2021.decrease was primarily due to incentive compensation expense reduction. SG&A expenses were 8.810.5 percent and 11.08.8 percent of net sales for the second quarter of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Financial Measures
Operating profit was $181.1 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $190.1 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $200.62022. Net income was $116.0 million for the second quarter of 2021. Net income was2023 compared with $126.7 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $154.02022. Adjusted EBITDA was $228.6 million for the second quarter of 2021. Adjusted EBITDA was2023 compared with $251.0 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $176.6 million for the second quarter of 2021.2022. The reasons for the changes in operating profit, net income, and Adjusted EBITDA for each segment are described below in the "Segment“Segment Review."
Trends
We anticipate that overall, the lower customer demand for our productspatterns that we experienced during the first half of the year will continue through the second half of the year, subject to be stable, although inflation, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, increasing interest rates and Covid-19 related matters may negatively impact somenormal seasonal increases. For the second half of our customers. Globalthe year, we expect that steel prices are forecasted to continue to decline at a moderate pace. Resinwill slightly increase, resin prices will remain stable and that the price of old corrugated container ("OCC") pricescontainers will increase slightly. Transportation, labor, and utilities are expected to remain relatively stable forthrough the remaindersecond half of the year, with OCC prices slightly increasing during the fourth quarter. Further, we anticipate other direct materials, transportation, labor and energy to continue to see inflationary pressure through the year.
The foregoing is subject to the impact and consequences of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia. As described in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors, of the 2021 Form 10-K, our global operations subject us to general economic and business conditions and political, social, economic and labor instability, including war, invasion and civil disturbance, that could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, demand for our products and services has historically corresponded to changes in general economic and business conditions of the industries and countries in which we operate. However, our operations in Russia account for approximately 3% of our total sales and approximately 1% of our total assets. We will continue to actively monitor this situation.
Segment Review
Global Industrial Packaging
Our Global Industrial Packaging segment offers a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, rigid and flexible intermediate bulk containers, jerrycans and other small plastics, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products, water bottles and remanufactured and reconditioned industrial containers, and services, such as container life cycle management, filling, logistics, warehousing and other packaging services. Key factors influencing profitability in the Global Industrial Packaging segment are:
Selling prices, product mix, customer demand and sales volumes;
Raw material costs, primarily steel, resin, containerboard and used industrial packaging for reconditioning;
Energy and transportation costs;
Benefits from executing the Greif Business System;
Restructuring charges;
Acquisition of businesses and facilities;
Divestiture of businesses and facilities; and
Impact of foreign currency translation.
Net sales were $748.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $971.7 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $798.02022. The $223.5 million decrease was primarily due to lower volumes, lower average selling prices and the $59.5 million impact to net sales resulting from the FPS Divestiture.
Gross profit was $177.9 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $173.7 million increase in net sales was primarily due to higher average selling prices and product mix, partially offset by lower volumes.
Gross profit was2023 compared with $185.3 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $170.12022. The $7.4 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $15.2 million increasedecrease in gross profit was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by
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higher lower raw material, transportation and manufacturing costs. Gross profit margin was 19.123.8 percent and 21.319.1 percent for the three months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Operating profit was $111.3 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with operating profit of $108.0 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with operating profit of $76.4 million for the second quarter of 2021.2022. The $31.6$3.3 million increase iswas primarily due to a $9.8 million gain recognized on our previously held minority ownership interest in Centurion and to gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, partially offset by the same factors that impacted gross profit. Adjusted EBITDA was $121.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $130.9 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $106.22022. The $9.7 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $24.7 million increasedecrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to the same factors that impacted gross profit.
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Paper Packaging & Services
Our Paper Packaging & Services segment produces and sells containerboard, corrugated sheets, corrugated containers, and other corrugated products to customers in North America in industries such as packaging, automotive, food and building products. Our corrugated container products are used to ship such diverse products as home appliances, small machinery, grocery products, automotive components, books and furniture, as well as numerous other applications. We also produce and sell coated recycled paperboard and uncoated recycled paperboard, some of which we use to produce and sell products (tubes and cores, construction products, and protective packaging), which ultimately serve both industrial and consumer markets. In addition, we purchase and sell recycled fiber, and we also produce and sell adhesives. Key factors influencing profitability in the Paper Packaging & Services segment are:
Selling prices, product mix, customer demand and sales volumes;
Raw material costs, primarily old corrugated containers;
Energy and transportation costs;
Benefits from executing the Greif Business System;
Restructuring charges;
Acquisition of businesses and facilities;
Restructuring charges; and
Divestiture of businesses and facilities.
Net sales were $554.8 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $689.3 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $537.02022. The $134.5 million decrease was primarily due to lower volumes.
Gross profit was $131.4 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $152.3 million increase was primarily due to higher volumes and higher published containerboard and boxboard prices.
Gross profit was2023 compared with $150.8 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $93.92022. The $19.4 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $56.9 million increasedecrease in gross profit was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by higherlower raw material, transportation labor and utilitymanufacturing costs. Gross profit margin was 21.923.7 percent and 17.521.9 percent for the second quarter of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Operating profit was $67.6 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $80.1 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $27.32022. The $12.5 million for the second quarter of 2021. The increasedecrease was primarily due to the same factors as that impacted gross profit.profit, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses. Adjusted EBITDA was $104.9 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $117.4 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $68.32022. The $12.5 million for the second quarter of 2021. The $49.1 million increasedecrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to the same factors that impacted grossoperating profit.
Land Management
As of April 30, 2022,2023, our Land Management segment consisted of approximately 175,000 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States. Key factors influencing profitability in the Land Management segment are:
Planned level of timber sales;
Selling prices and customer demand;
Gains on timberland sales; and
Gains on the disposal of development, surplus and HBU properties (“special use property”).
Net sales were $5.9 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with $6.3 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $5.62022.
Gross profit was $2.5 million for the second quarter of 2021.
Gross profit was2023 compared with $2.6 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $1.92022.
Operating profit was $2.2 million for the second quarter of 2021.
Operating profit decreased to2023 compared with $2.0 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared with $96.92022. Adjusted EBITDA was $2.5 million and $2.7 million for the second quarter of 2021. During the second quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of approximately 69,200 acres of timberlands in southwest
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Alabama (the "2021 Timberland Sale") which resulted in timberland gains of $95.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA was $2.7 million2023 and $2.1 million for the second quarter of 2022, and 2021, respectively.
In order to maximize the value of our timber property, we continue to review our current portfolio and explore the development of certain of these properties. This process has led us to characterize our property as follows:
Surplus property, meaning land that cannot be efficiently or effectively managed by us, whether due to parcel size, lack of productivity, location, access limitations or for other reasons;
HBU property, meaning land that in its current state has a higher market value for uses other than growing and selling timber;
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Development property, meaning HBU land that, with additional investment, may have a significantly higher market value than its HBU market value; and
Core timberland, meaning land that is best suited for growing and selling timber.
We report the sale of core timberland property in timberland gains, the sale of HBU and surplus property in gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net and the sale of timber and development property under net sales and cost of products sold in our interim condensed consolidated statements of income. All HBU and development property, together with surplus property, is used to productively grow and sell timber until the property is sold.
Whether timberland has a higher value for uses other than growing and selling timber is a determination based upon several variables, such as proximity to population centers, anticipated population growth in the area, the topography of the land, aesthetic considerations, including access to lakes or rivers, the condition of the surrounding land, availability of utilities, markets for timber and economic considerations both nationally and locally. Given these considerations, the characterization of land is not a static process, but requires an ongoing review and re-characterization as circumstances change.
As of April 30, 2022,2023, we had approximately 18,800 acres of special use property in the United States.
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Income Tax Expense
Our quarterly income tax expense was computed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"(“ASC”) 740-270 "Income“Income Taxes - Interim Reporting." In accordance with this accounting standard, annual estimated tax expense is computed based on forecasted annual earnings and other forecasted annual amounts, including, but not limited to, items such as uncertain tax positions and withholding taxes. Additionally, losses from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided have not been included in the annual estimated tax rate. Income tax expense each quarter is provided for on a current year-to-date basis using the annual estimated tax rate, adjusted for discrete taxable events that occur during the interim period.
Income tax expense for the second quarter of 20222023 was $29.9$39.1 million on $155.9$154.8 million of pretax income, and income tax expense for the second quarter of 20212022 was $17.3$29.9 million on $171.0$155.9 million of pretax income. The quarterly$9.2 million net increase in income tax expense occurred due to a net unfavorable increase in 2022 was primarilydiscrete tax expense attributable to an increase in pre-tax earnings, excluding the gain on the 2021 Timberland Sale and the gain on sale$6.5 million of the FPS Divestiture (as defined in the next section), the tax impact of which were recognized discretely. Changes in the expected mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, including jurisdictions for which valuation allowances have been recorded, as well as the timing of recognition of the related tax expense under ASC 740-270 also contributed to the increase in tax expense in 2022. Favorable discrete items increased in 2022 resulting in an additional net $2.3 million tax benefit compared to 2021. A net $8.6 million tax decrease was recognized related to certain assumptions regarding capital losses that are expected to offset capital gains resulting from the 2021 Timberland Sale. This decrease was offset by an increase in tax expense of $4.9 million, resulting from the recognition of certain state basis differences, foreign and U.S. state tax rate changes and withholdingprior year taxes accruals, and an increase in tax expense of $1.4 million related to other miscellaneous items. Additionally, a $4.4 million book gain was recorded in the second quarter related toof 2022 and $4.3 million of non-recurring net discrete benefits recorded in the disposalsecond quarter of business,2022, which there is expected to be nooffset by $1.1 million of favorable changes in tax impact.rates and $0.5 million of other miscellaneous items.
We are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state and local tax authorities and foreign tax authorities. We believe that adequate provisions have been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.
The estimated net decrease in unrecognized tax benefits for the next 12 months ranges from zero to $8.0$7.1 million. Actual results may differ materially from this estimate.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Changes
Foreign currency translation
In accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” the assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into United States Dollars at the rate of exchange existing at the end of the current period, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates over the month in which they are incurred. The cumulative translation adjustments, which represent the effects of translating assets and liabilities of our international operations, are presented in the interim condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). On April 1, 2022, we completed the divestment of our approximately 50% equity interest in the Flexible Products and Services business (the "FPS Divestiture"). From this transaction, $113.1 million of foreign currency translation adjustment was released.
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Year-to-Date Results
The following table sets forth the net sales, operating profit, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for each of our business segments for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Net sales:Net sales:Net sales:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$1,920.8 $1,457.3 Global Industrial Packaging$1,454.0 $1,920.8 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services1,299.3 1,017.9 Paper Packaging & Services1,115.0 1,299.3 
Land ManagementLand Management11.5 11.9 Land Management10.9 11.5 
Total net salesTotal net sales$3,231.6 $2,487.1 Total net sales$2,579.9 $3,231.6 
Operating profit:Operating profit:Operating profit:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$139.0 $130.4 Global Industrial Packaging$157.2 $139.0 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services118.4 41.6 Paper Packaging & Services176.7 118.4 
Land ManagementLand Management4.7 98.6 Land Management3.6 4.7 
Total operating profitTotal operating profit$262.1 $270.6 Total operating profit$337.5 $262.1 
EBITDA:EBITDA:EBITDA:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$182.8 $170.9 Global Industrial Packaging$195.7 $182.8 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services191.5 107.0 Paper Packaging & Services243.3 191.5 
Land ManagementLand Management6.2 100.4 Land Management4.8 6.2 
Total EBITDATotal EBITDA$380.5 $378.3 Total EBITDA$443.8 $380.5 
Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:Adjusted EBITDA:
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging$245.1 $185.7 Global Industrial Packaging$193.0 $245.1 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services197.9 124.4 Paper Packaging & Services195.6 197.9 
Land ManagementLand Management4.8 5.0 Land Management4.5 4.8 
Total Adjusted EBITDATotal Adjusted EBITDA$447.8 $315.1 Total Adjusted EBITDA$393.1 $447.8 

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The following table sets forth EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, reconciled to net income and operating profit, for our consolidated results for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Net incomeNet income$145.3 $184.9 Net income$209.1 $145.3 
Plus: interest expense, netPlus: interest expense, net30.3 51.9 Plus: interest expense, net46.2 30.3 
Plus: debt extinguishment chargesPlus: debt extinguishment charges25.4 — Plus: debt extinguishment charges— 25.4 
Plus: income tax expensePlus: income tax expense65.5 23.4 Plus: income tax expense76.8 65.5 
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expensePlus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense114.0 118.1 Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense111.7 114.0 
EBITDAEBITDA$380.5 $378.3 EBITDA$443.8 $380.5 
Net incomeNet income$145.3 $184.9 Net income$209.1 $145.3 
Plus: interest expense, netPlus: interest expense, net30.3 51.9 Plus: interest expense, net46.2 30.3 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Plus: debt extinguishment chargesPlus: debt extinguishment charges25.4 — Plus: debt extinguishment charges— 25.4 
Plus: income tax expensePlus: income tax expense65.5 23.4 Plus: income tax expense76.8 65.5 
Plus: other (income) expense, net(2.4)2.8 
Plus: other expense (income), netPlus: other expense (income), net6.2 (2.4)
Plus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxPlus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(2.0)(1.0)Plus: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.8)(2.0)
Operating profitOperating profit262.1 270.6 Operating profit337.5 262.1 
Less: other (income) expense, net(2.4)2.8 
Less: non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Less: other expense (income), netLess: other expense (income), net6.2 (2.4)
Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxLess: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(2.0)(1.0)Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.8)(2.0)
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expensePlus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense114.0 118.1 Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expense111.7 114.0 
EBITDAEBITDA$380.5 $378.3 EBITDA$443.8 $380.5 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges7.2 15.1 Plus: restructuring charges4.8 7.2 
Plus: timberland gains— (95.7)
Plus: integration related costs3.6 3.8 
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs12.1 3.6 
Plus: non-cash asset impairment chargesPlus: non-cash asset impairment charges62.4 1.5 Plus: non-cash asset impairment charges1.8 62.4 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 1.8 
Plus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(5.9)1.7 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants, equipment, and businesses, net(69.4)(5.9)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$447.8 $315.1 Adjusted EBITDA$393.1 $447.8 
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The following table sets forth EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for our business segments, reconciled to the operating profit for each segment, for the six months ended April 30, 20222023 and 2021:2022:
Six Months Ended
April 30,
Six Months Ended
April 30,
(in millions)(in millions)20222021(in millions)20232022
Global Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial PackagingGlobal Industrial Packaging
Operating profitOperating profit$139.0 $130.4 Operating profit$157.2 $139.0 
Less: other (income) expense, net(2.4)2.7 
Less: other expense (income), netLess: other expense (income), net6.9 (2.4)
Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of taxLess: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(2.0)(1.0)Less: equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax(0.8)(2.0)
Plus: depreciation and amortization expensePlus: depreciation and amortization expense39.4 42.2 Plus: depreciation and amortization expense44.6 39.4 
EBITDAEBITDA$182.8 $170.9 EBITDA$195.7 $182.8 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges4.8 13.0 Plus: restructuring charges2.9 4.8 
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs7.5 — 
Plus: non-cash impairment chargesPlus: non-cash impairment charges1.5 62.4 
Plus: non-cash impairment charges62.4 1.5 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 0.8 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net(4.9)(0.5)Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net(14.6)(4.9)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$245.1 $185.7 Adjusted EBITDA$193.0 $245.1 
Paper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & ServicesPaper Packaging & Services
Operating profitOperating profit$118.4 $41.6 Operating profit$176.7 $118.4 
Less: other expense, net— 0.1 
Less: non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Less: other income, netLess: other income, net(0.7)— 
Plus: depreciation and amortization expensePlus: depreciation and amortization expense73.1 74.1 Plus: depreciation and amortization expense65.9 73.1 
EBITDAEBITDA$191.5 $107.0 EBITDA$243.3 $191.5 
Plus: restructuring chargesPlus: restructuring charges2.4 2.0 Plus: restructuring charges1.9 2.4 
Plus: integration related costs3.6 3.8 
Plus: non-cash pension settlement charges— 8.6 
Plus: incremental COVID-19 costs, net— 1.0 
Plus: loss on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net0.4 2.0 
Plus: acquisition and integration related costsPlus: acquisition and integration related costs4.6 3.6 
Plus: non-cash impairment chargesPlus: non-cash impairment charges0.3 — 
Plus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, netPlus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net(54.5)0.4 
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$197.9 $124.4 Adjusted EBITDA$195.6 $197.9 
Land ManagementLand ManagementLand Management
Operating profitOperating profit$4.7 $98.6 Operating profit$3.6 $4.7 
Plus: depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses1.5 1.8 
Plus: depreciation and depletion expensePlus: depreciation and depletion expense1.2 1.5 
EBITDAEBITDA$6.2 $100.4 EBITDA$4.8 $6.2 
Plus: restructuring charges— 0.1 
Plus: timberland gains— (95.7)
Plus: (gain) loss on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net(1.4)0.2 
Plus: gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, netPlus: gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, and businesses, net(0.3)(1.4)
Adjusted EBITDAAdjusted EBITDA$4.8 $5.0 Adjusted EBITDA$4.5 $4.8 
Net Sales
Net sales were $2,579.9 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $3,231.6 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $2,487.12022. The $651.7 million for the first six months of 2021. The $744.5 million increasedecrease was primarily due to higher volumes and higherlower average sale prices and volumes across the Global Industrial Packaging segment, lower volumes across the Paper Packaging & Services segment and higher volumes andthe $148.8 million impact to net sales resulting from the FPS Divestiture, partially offset by higher published containerboard and boxboard prices inacross the Paper Packaging & Services segment. See the "Segment Review" below for additional information on net sales by segment during the first six months of 2022.2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $563.4 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $628.4 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $478.12022. The $65.0 million for the first six months of 2021. The increasedecrease was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by higherlower raw material, transportation and manufacturing costs. See “Segment Review” below for additional information on gross profit by segment. Gross profit margin was 19.421.8 percent and 19.219.4 percent for first six months of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses increased towere $276.6 million for the first six months of 2023 from $299.0 million for the first six months of 2022 from $281.12022. The $22.4 million for the first six months of 2021.decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily due to incentive compensation expense reduction. SG&A expenses were 9.310.7 percent and 11.39.3 percent of net sales for first six months of 2023 and 2022, and 2021, respectively. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to increased incentive accruals.
Financial Measures
Operating profit was $337.5 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $262.1 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $270.62022. Net income was $209.1 million for the first six months of 2021. Net income was2023 compared with $145.3 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $184.92022. Adjusted EBITDA was $393.1 million for the first six months of 2021. Adjusted EBITDA was2023 compared with $447.8 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $315.1 million for the first six months of 2021.2022. The reasons for the changes in operating profit, net income, and Adjusted EBITDA for each segment are described below in the "Segment Review."
Segment Review
Global Industrial Packaging
Net sales were $1,454.0 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $1,920.8 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $1,457.32022. The $466.8 million decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower volumes and selling prices, the $148.8 million impact to net sales resulting from the FPS Divestiture, and negative foreign currency translation impacts.
Gross profit was $303.2 million for the first six months of 2021. The $463.5 million increase in net sales was primarily due to higher volumes, higher average selling prices and product mix.
Gross profit was2023 compared with $362.4 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $300.42022. The $59.2 million for the first six months of 2021. The $62.0 million increasedecrease in gross profit was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by higherlower raw material, transportation and manufacturing costs. Gross profit margin was 18.920.9 percent and 20.618.9 percent for the first six months of 20222023 and 2021,2022, respectively.
Operating profit was $157.2 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $139.0 million for the first six months of 2022. The $18.2 million increase in operating profit was primarily due to the $62.4 million non-cash impairment charge during the first quarter of 2022 compared with $130.4related to the FPS Divestiture, a $9.8 million gain recognized on our previously held minority ownership interest in Centurion, and lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by the same factors that impacted gross profit. Adjusted EBITDA was $193.0 million for the first six months of 2021 due to the same factors that impacted gross profit, offset by $62.4 million non-cash impairment charge related to the FPS Divestiture. Adjusted EBITDA was2023 compared with $245.1 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $185.72022. The $52.1 million for the first six months of 2021. The $59.4 million increasedecrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to the same factors that impacted gross profit.profit, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses.
Paper Packaging & Services
Net sales were $1,115.0 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $1,299.3 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $1,017.92022. The $184.3 million for the first six months of 2021. The $281.4 million increasedecrease in net sales was primarily due to higherlower volumes, andpartially offset by higher published containerboard and boxboard prices.
Gross profit was $255.6 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $261.6 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $173.52022. The $6.0 million for the first six months of 2021. Gross profit margin was 20.1 percent and 17.0 percent for the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The $88.1 million increasedecrease in gross profit was primarily due to the same factors that impacted net sales, partially offset by higherlower raw material, transportation labor and utilitymanufacturing costs. Gross profit margin was 22.9 percent and 20.1 percent for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Operating profit was $176.7 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $118.4 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $41.62022. The $58.3 million for the first six months of 2021. The increase in operating profit was primarily due to the $54.6 million gain from divestiture of Tama Paperboard, LLC in the Paper Packaging & Services segment (the “Tama Divestiture”) during the first quarter of 2023 and lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by the same factors that impacted gross profit. Adjusted EBITDA was $195.6 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $197.9 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $124.42022. The $2.3 million for the first six months of 2021. The $73.5 million increasedecrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to the same factors that impacted gross profit.profit, partially offset by lower incentive compensation expense in SG&A.
Land Management
Net sales were $10.9 million for the first six months of 2023 compared with $11.5 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $11.92022.
Gross profit was $4.6 million for the first six months of 2021.
Gross profit was2023 compared with $4.4 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $4.22022.
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Operating profit was $3.6 million for the first six months of 2021.
Operating profit decreased to2023 compared with $4.7 million for the first six months of 2022 compared with $98.62022. Adjusted EBITDA was $4.5 million and $4.8 million for the first six months of 2021. During the first six months of 2021, we completed the 2021 Timberland Sale. Adjusted EBITDA was $4.8 million2023 and $5.0 million for the first six months of 2022, and 2021, respectively.
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Income tax expense
Income tax expense for the quarter and year to date was computed in accordance with ASC 740-270 "Income Taxes - Interim Reporting." Under this method, losses from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided have not been included in the amount to which the ASC 740-270 rate was applied. Our income tax expense may fluctuate due to changes in estimated losses and income from jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been provided, the timing of recognition of the related tax expense under ASC 740-270, and the impact of discrete items in the respective quarter.
Income tax expense for the first six months of 20222023 was $65.5$76.8 million on $208.8$285.1 million of pretax income, and income tax expense for the first six months of 20212022 was $23.4$65.5 million on $207.3$208.8 million of pretax income. The $42.1$11.3 million net increase in total income tax expense in 2022 was primarily attributable to an increase in pre-tax earnings, excluding the gain on the 2021 Timberland Sale and the gain on sale of the FPS Divestiture, the tax impact of which were recognized discretely. Changes in the expected mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, including jurisdictions for which valuation allowances have been recorded, as well as the timing of recognition of the relatedincreased tax expense under ASC 740-270 also attributed toassociated with business divestitures. During the increase in tax expense in 2022. Additionally, favorable discrete items decreased by $6.6 million. The decrease in favorable discrete adjustments consistsfirst six months of an increase in tax expense of $8.5 million due to tax basis adjustments in certain tangible property and state basis differences; an increase in tax expense of $3.6 million related to withholding taxes accruals and prior year settlement of U.S. Federal and Canadian income tax audits; and an increase in tax expense of $1.6 million related to other miscellaneous items; offset by2022, a $3.3 million decrease in unrecognized tax liabilities primarily as a result of expiration of the statute of limitations; and a net $3.8 million tax expense decrease related to certain assumptions regarding capital losses that are expected to offset capital gains resulting from the 2021 Timberland Sale. Additionally, a net $60.4 million book deductionexpense was recorded in 2022 related to the FPS Divestiture and other businesses onfor which there is expected to be no tax benefit.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Changes
Foreign currency translation
In accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” the assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into United States Dollars at the rate of exchange existing at the end of the current period, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates over the month in which they are incurred. The cumulative translation adjustments, which represent the effects of translating assets and liabilities of our international operations, are presented in the interim condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). On April 1, 2022, we completed the FPS Divestiture and $113.1benefit was recorded while $18.8 million of foreign currency translation adjustmentdiscrete tax expense was released.recorded on a $54.5 million book gain on business divestiture during the first six months of 2023. Additionally, $2.7 million fewer benefits from releases of uncertain tax positions and $1.4 million of miscellaneous other items were recorded during the first six months of 2023 in comparison to the same period during 2022, offset by $11.6 million reduced tax expense on lower pre-tax book income, excluding business divestitures.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our primary sources of liquidity are operating cash flows and borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and proceeds from our trade accounts receivable credit facilities. We use these sources to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, cash dividends, debt repayment and acquisitions. We anticipate continuing to fund these items in a like manner. We currently expect that operating cash flows, borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and proceeds from our trade accounts receivable credit facilities will be sufficient to fund our anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, cash dividends, debt repayment, potential acquisitions of businesses and other liquidity needs for at least 12 months.

Cash Flow
Six Months Ended April 30, (in millions)
20222021
Net cash provided by operating activities$161.6 $163.8 
Net cash provided by investing activities62.7 118.3 
Net cash used in financing activities(197.1)(287.4)
Effects of exchange rates on cash(43.1)9.8 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(15.9)4.5 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year124.6 105.9 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$108.7 $110.4 


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Six Months Ended April 30, (in millions)
20232022
Net cash provided by operating activities$243.7 $161.6 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(451.0)62.7 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities215.6 (197.1)
Effects of exchange rates on cash3.1 (43.1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents11.4 (15.9)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year147.1 124.6 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$158.5 $108.7 
Operating Activities
The $9.2$22.1 million decrease in accounts receivable to $880.3$727.0 million as of April 30, 20222023 from $889.5$749.1 million as of October 31, 20212022 was primarily due to lower average sale prices and lower volumes.
The $3.1 million decrease in inventories to $400.2 million as of April 30, 2023 from $403.3 million as of October 31, 2022 was primarily due to the accounts receivable that were deconsolidated as a result of FPS Divestiture, offset by higher volumes and higher average sale prices.decrease in raw material costs.
The $24.4 million decrease in inventories to $474.8 million as of April 30, 2022 from $499.2 million as of October 31, 2021 was primarily due to the inventories that were deconsolidated as result of FPS Divestiture, offset by increased inventory to meet customer demand.
The $84.7$58.9 million decrease in accounts payable to $619.8$502.4 million as of April 30, 20222023 from $704.5$561.3 million as of October 31, 20212022 was primarily due to the accounts payable that were deconsolidated as result of FPS Divestiture as well asdecrease in raw material costs, lower demand and timing of payable settlements.
Investing Activities
During the first six months of 20222023 and 2021,2022, we invested $75.0$91.1 million and $57.7$75.0 million, respectively, of cash in capital expenditures. Additionally, duringDuring the first six months of 2023, we paid $447.5 million for purchases of business, net of cash acquired, primarily for the Lee Container Acquisition and the Centurion Acquisition. During the first six months of 2023, we received $105.6 million of cash from sale of businesses, primarily from the Tama Divestiture. During the first six months of 2022, we received $139.2 million of cash from sale of businesses, primarily from the FPS Divestiture. There was no activity for the sale of business for the comparable period in 2021.
Financing Activities
During the first six months of 20222023 and 2021,2022, we paid cash dividends to stockholders of Greif, Inc. in the amount of $54.6$57.9 million and $52.2$54.6 million, respectively. We also paid down $96.2 million and $245.5borrowed $332.5 million of long-term debt, net of proceeds, for the first six months of 20222023 and 2021, respectively.paid down $96.2 million of long-term debt, net of payments, for the first six months of 2022. During the first six months of 2023, we paid $59.6 million for the share repurchase program. During the first six months of 2022, we paid $20.8 million of debt extinguishment charges and debt issuance costs related to our debt refinancing. We did not have similar charges
Stock Repurchase Program
In June 2022, the Stock Repurchase Committee of our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of shares of our Class A or activitiesClass B Common Stock or any combination thereof. On June 23, 2022, we entered into a $75.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with Bank of America, N.A. for the same periodrepurchase of shares of our Class A Common Stock. In addition, at that time we initiated a plan to repurchase an aggregate of $75.0 million of shares of its Class A or Class B Common Stock, or any combination thereof, in 2021.open market purchases (“OSR program”). The OSR program was completed on May 26, 2023.
Under the ASR, on June 24, 2022, we made a payment of $75.0 million and received an initial delivery of approximately 80% of the expected share repurchases, or 1,021,451 shares of Class A Common Stock. On February 28, 2023, the Company received the remaining 94,259 shares of Class A Common Stock.
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We began making repurchases of Class B Common Stock under the OSR program on September 9, 2022 and repurchases of Class A Common Stock under the OSR program on March 16, 2023 in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of April 30, 2023, $25.0 million of shares of Class A Common Stock, or 406,343 shares, and $45.7 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 619,804 shares, had been repurchased under the OSR program. Subsequent to the quarter, during May 2023, we purchased $4.3 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 56,794 shares, which completed the OSR program.
See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding this program and the repurchase of shares of Class A and B Common Stock.
Financial Obligations
Borrowing Arrangements
Long-term debt is summarized as follows:
(in millions)(in millions)April 30,
2022
October 31,
2021
(in millions)April 30,
2023
October 31,
2022
2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans$1,615.0 $— 2022 Credit Agreement - Term Loans$1,534.2 $1,565.0 
2019 Credit Agreement - Term Loans— 1,247.3 
Senior Notes due 2027— 495.9 
Accounts receivable credit facilitiesAccounts receivable credit facilities380.6 391.1 Accounts receivable credit facilities353.2 311.4 
2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility85.3 — 2022 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility406.5 41.9 
2019 Credit Agreement - Revolving Credit Facility— 50.5 
Other debtOther debt0.4 0.6 Other debt0.3 0.4 
2,081.3 2,185.4 2,294.2 1,918.7 
Less: current portionLess: current portion80.8 120.3 Less: current portion80.8 71.1 
Less: deferred financing costsLess: deferred financing costs9.2 10.3 Less: deferred financing costs7.3 8.3 
Long-term debt, netLong-term debt, net$1,991.3 $2,054.8 Long-term debt, net$2,206.1 $1,839.3 
2022 Credit Agreement
On March 1, 2022, weWe and certain of our subsidiaries entered intoare parties to a second amended and restated senior secured credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of financial institutions. The 2022 Credit Agreement amended, restated and replaced in its entirety our previous credit agreement, referred to as the "2019 Credit Agreement".
The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for (a) an $800.0 million secured revolving credit facility, consisting of a $725.0 million multicurrency facility and a $75.0 million U.S. dollar facility, maturing on March 1, 2027, (b) a $1,100$1,100.0 million secured term loan A-1 facility with quarterly principal installments commencingthat commenced on July 31, 2022 and continuingcontinue through January 31, 2027, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan A-1 facility being due and payable on maturity on March 1, 2027, and (c) a $515.0 million secured term loan A-2 facility with quarterly principal installments commencingthat commenced on July 31, 2022 and
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continuing continue through January 31, 2027, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan A-2 being due and payable on maturity on March 1, 2027. The term loan A-2 facility reflects the combination of the outstanding balances of the secured term A-2 and A-3 loans under the 2019 Credit Agreement. We used the borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement on March 1, 2022, to redeem the Senior Notes due 2027, discussed below, and to repay and refinance all of the outstanding borrowings under the 2019 Credit Agreement, and will use the borrowings thereunder to fund ongoing working capital and capital expenditure needs and for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, and to pay related fees and expenses.
Interest is based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"(“SOFR”) plus a credit spread adjustment Euro Interbank Offer Rate ("EURIBOR") or a base rate that resets periodically plus, in each case, a calculated margin amount that is based on our leverage ratio. Subject to the terms of the 2022 Credit Agreement, we have an option to add borrowings to the 2022 Credit Agreement with the agreement of the lenders. As of April 30, 2022,2023, we had $714.7$393.5 million of available borrowing capacity under the $800.0 million secured revolving credit facility.
The repayment of all borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement is secured by a security interest in certain of our personal property and certain of the personal property of certain of our U.S. subsidiaries, including equipment and inventory and certain intangible assets, as well as a pledge of the capital stock of substantially all of our U.S. subsidiaries, and is secured, in part, by the capital stock of the non-U.S. borrowers. However, in the event that we receive and maintain an investment grade rating from either Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, we may request the release of such collateral.
The 2022 Credit Agreement contains certain covenants, which include financial covenants that require us to maintain a certain leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. The leverage ratio generally requires that at the end of any fiscal quarter we will not permit the ratio of (a) our total consolidated indebtedness (less the aggregate amount of our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents), to (b) our consolidated net income plus depreciation, depletion and amortization, interest expense (including capitalized interest), income taxes, and minus certain extraordinary gains and non-recurring gains (or plus certain extraordinary
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losses and non-recurring losses) and plus or minus certain other items for the preceding twelve months (as used in this paragraph only “EBITDA”) to be greater than 4.00 to 1.00; provided that such leverage ratio is subject to (i) a covenant step-up (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) increase adjustment of 0.50 upon the consummation of, and the following three fiscal quarters after, certain specified acquisitions, and (ii) a collateral release decrease adjustment of 0.25x during any collateral release period (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement). The interest coverage ratio generally requires that at the end of any fiscal quarter we will not permit the ratio of (a) our consolidated EBITDA, to (b) our consolidated interest expense to the extent paid or payable, to be less than 3.00 to 1.00, during the applicable preceding twelve-month period. As of April 30, 2022,2023, we were in compliance with these covenants.
Senior Notes2023 Credit Agreement
Subsequent to the quarter, on May 17, 2023, we and Greif Packaging LLC entered into a $300.0 million senior secured credit agreement (the “2023 Credit Agreement”) with CoBank, ACB (“CoBank”), who acted as lender and is acting as administrative agent of the 2023 Credit Agreement. The 2023 Credit Agreement is permitted incremental equivalent debt under the terms of the 2022 Credit Agreement. The 2023 Credit Agreement provides for a $300.0 million secured term loan facility with quarterly principal installments commencing on July 31, 2023 and continuing through January 31, 2028, with any outstanding principal balance of such term loan being due 2027and payable on maturity on May 17, 2028. We used the borrowing under the 2023 Credit Agreement to repay and refinance a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement. Interest accruing under the 2023 Credit Agreement is based on SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment or a base rate that resets periodically plus, in each case, a calculated margin amount that is based on our leverage ratio.
On March 1, 2022, we redeemedThe repayment of all borrowings under the 2023 Credit Agreement is secured by a security interest in certain of our personal property and certain of the personal property of certain of our U.S. subsidiaries, including equipment and inventory and certain intangible assets, as well as a pledge of the capital stock of substantially all of our outstanding 6.50% Senior Notes due 2027 for $500.0 million, plusU.S. subsidiaries. However, in the event that we receive and maintain an investment grade rating from either Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, we may request the release of such collateral. Our obligations under the 2023 Credit Agreement are secured on a call premium of $16.3 million,pari passu basis with proceeds from ourthe obligations arising under the 2022 Credit Agreement.
The 2023 Credit Agreement contains covenants, including financial covenants, substantially the same as the covenants in 2022 Credit Agreement, as described above, and a “most favored lender” provision related to the 2022 Credit Agreement.
United States Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility
GreifWe have a $300.0 million U.S. Receivables Funding LLC, Greif Packaging LLC, and certain of our other U.S. subsidiaries are parties to an amended and restated U.S. receivables financing facilityFinancing Facility Agreement (the “U.S. Receivables Facility”RFA”). On May 17, 2023, the maturity date of the U.S. RFA was extended to May 17, 2024. As of April 30, 2022,2023, there was $275.0$258.3 million outstanding balance under the U.S. Receivables Facility that is reported as long-term debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets because we intend to refinance these obligations on a long-term basis and has the intent and ability to consummate a long-term refinancing by exercising the renewal option in the respective agreement or entering into new financing arrangements. On May 17, 2022, the current U.S. Receivables Facility was amended to provide an accounts receivable financing facility of $300.0 million, with a maturity date of May 17, 2023.
We may terminate the U.S. Receivables Facility at any time upon five days prior written notice.RFA. The U.S. Receivables Facility is secured by certain of our United States trade accounts receivables and bears interest at a variable rate based on the SOFR or an applicable base rate, plus a margin, or a commercial paper rate plus a margin. Interest is payable on a monthly basis and the principal balance is payable upon termination of the U.S. Receivables Facility. The U.S. Receivables Facility also contains events of default and covenants, which are substantially the same as the covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement, as defined above. As of April 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these covenants. Proceeds of the U.S. Receivables Facility are available for working capital and general corporate purposes.
International Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facilities
Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. and Greif Services Belgium BV, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc., are parties to an amended and restated the Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Financing Agreement (the "European RFA"). The amended and restated European RFA matures April 24, 2023. The European RFA provides an accounts receivable financing facility of up to €100.0 million ($105.6 million as of April 30, 2022) secured by certain European accounts receivable. The $105.6 million outstanding on the European RFA as of April 30, 2022 is reported as long-term debt on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets because we intend to refinance these obligations on a long-term basis and have the intent and ability to consummate a long-term refinancing by exercising the renewal option in the respective agreement or entering into new financing arrangements.
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We may terminate the European RFA at any time upon one calendar month prior written notice. The European RFA is secured by certain of our international trade accounts receivables and bears interest at a commercial paper rate plus a margin. Interest is payable on a monthly basis and the principal balance is payable upon termination of the European RFA. The European RFA also contains events of default and covenants, which are substantially the same as the covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement, as defined above.Agreement. As of April 30, 2022,2023, we were in compliance with these covenants. Proceeds of the U.S. RFA are available for working capital and general corporate purposes.
International Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility
We have a €100.0 million ($110.4 million as of April 30, 2023) European Receivables Financing Agreement (the “European RFA”), which matures on April 23, 2024. As of April 30, 2023, $95.0 million was outstanding on the European RFA. As of April 30, 2023, we were in compliance with covenants contained in the European RFA. Proceeds of the European RFA are available for working capital and general corporate purposes.
See Note 4 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional disclosures regarding our financial instruments.
Financial Instruments
Interest Rate Derivatives
As of April 30, 2022,2023, we have various interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $850.0$1,300.0 million, amortizing down over the term, in which we receive variable interest rate payments based on SOFR and in return are obligated to pay interest at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 2.07%2.62%, plus an interesta spread.
These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. purposes and will mature between March 11, 2024 and July 16, 2029.
Accordingly, the gain or loss on these derivative instruments areis reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transactions and in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
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Foreign Exchange Hedges
We conduct business in international currencies and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to reduce volatility associated with foreign exchange rate changes to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of certain existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency cash flows.
As of April 30, 2022,2023, and October 31, 2021,2022, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in the notional amount of $119.3$155.7 million, and $81.8$132.1 million, respectively.
Cross Currency Swap
We have operations and investments in various international locations and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. We have cross currency interest rate swaps that synthetically swap $334.4$319.3 million of fixed rate debt to Euro denominated fixed rate debt. We receive a weighted average rate of 1.56%1.39%. These agreements are designated a mixture ofeither net investment hedges andor cash flow hedges for accounting purposes and will mature between March 20232, 2024 and October 5, 2026.
Accordingly, the gain or loss on the net investment hedge derivative instruments is included in the foreign currency translation component of other comprehensive income until the net investment is sold, diluted, or liquidated. The gain or loss on the cash flow hedge derivative instruments is included in the unrealized foreign exchange component of other expense, offset by the underlying gain or loss on the underlying cash flows that are being hedged. Interest payments received from the cross currency swap are excluded from the net investment hedge effectiveness assessment and are recorded in interest expense, net on the consolidated statements of income.
See Note 45 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional disclosuredisclosures regarding our financial instruments.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no significant changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about our market risk from the disclosures contained in the 20212022 Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company completed the Lee Container Acquisition on December 15, 2022 and the Centurion Acquisition on March 31, 2023. The scope of the Company’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2023, will not include the Lee Container Acquisition and the Centurion Acquisition. This exclusion is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the Company’s scope in the year of acquisition.
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
With the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report:
Information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission;
Information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and
Our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the 20212022 Form 10-K under Part I, Item 1A –– Risk Factors.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.(c.) Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
In June 2022, the Stock Repurchase Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $150.0 million of shares of the Company’s Class A or Class B Common Stock or any combination thereof. On June 23, 2022, the Company entered into a $75.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement (“ASR”) with Bank of America, N.A. for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. In addition, at that time the Company initiated a plan to repurchase an aggregate of $75.0 million of shares of its Class A or Class B Common Stock, or any combination thereof, in open market purchases (“OSR program”). The OSR program was completed on May 26, 2023.
Under the ASR, on June 24, 2022, the Company made a payment of $75.0 million and received an initial delivery of approximately 80% of the expected share repurchases, or 1,021,451 shares of Class A Common Stock. On February 28, 2023, the Company received the remaining 94,259 shares of Class A Common Stock.
The Company began making repurchases of Class B Common Stock under the OSR program on September 9, 2022 and repurchases of Class A Common Stock under the OSR program on March 16, 2023 in accordance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of April 30, 2023, $25.0 million of shares of Class A Common Stock, or 406,343 shares, and $45.7 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 619,804 shares, had been repurchased under the OSR program. Subsequent to the quarter, during May 2023, the Company purchased $4.3 million of shares of Class B Common Stock, or 56,794 shares, which completed the OSR program.
See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding this program and the repurchase of shares of Class A and B Common Stock.
During the three months ended April 30, 2023, the Company’s repurchases of shares of its Class A and Class B Common Stock were as follows:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock PurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share of Class A Common Stock*Total Number of Shares of Class B Common Stock PurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share of Class B Common Stock*Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced ProgramApproximate Dollar Value That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
February 1, 2023 to February 28, 202394,259 $67.22 62,730 $82.08 156,989 $40,891,523 
March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023199,100 60.27 87,510 73.92 286,610 22,423,530 
April 1, 2023 to April 30, 2023207,243 62.73 66,638 76.89 273,881 4,298,875 
Total500,602 62.60 216,878 77.19 717,480 
*Average price paid per share reflects the weighted average purchase price paid for shares.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a.) Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a — 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a — 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a —14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a — 14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
LetterAmendment agreement dated April 20, 2022,14, 2023, between Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A.,the persons listed in Schedule 1 as Originators, Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V. as Main SPV, Greif Services Belgium BV as Greif CC, Subordinated Lender, Belgian Intermediary, Originator Agent and master Servicer, Greif, Inc. as Performance Indemnity Provider, Stichting Cooperage Receivables Finance Holding as Shareholder, Trust International Management (T.I.M.) B.V. as Main SPV’s Director and Shareholder’s Director, Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Corporation B.V., Greif, Inc., Greif Service Belgium BVBA as lender, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A. as Facility Agent, Main SPV Account Bank, Funding Administrator, Main SPV Administrator and Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V., extending the maturity date of the European receivables financing arrangement to April 24, 2023.Italian Intermediary and Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A. Trading as Rabobank London as Liquidity Facility Provider.
Amendment agreement dated April 20, 2022, between Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A. Trading as Rabobank London, Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., Nieuw Amsterdam Receivables Corporation B.V., Cooperage Receivables Finance B.V., Stichting Cooperage Receivables Finance Holding, Greif Service Belgium BV, Greif, Inc., the Originators as listed in ScheduleNo. 1 and Trust International Management (T.I.M.) B.V., regarding the European receivables financing arrangement.
Amendment No. 4 dated May 17, 2022,2023, to Third Amended and Restated Transfer and AdministrationSale Agreement dated September 24, 2019, by and among Greif Receivables Funding LLC, Greif Packagingas seller, Container Life Cycle Management LLC, Corrchoice (PA) LLC, East Texas Lee Container, L.P., Lee Container, LLC, and Lee Container Iowa, LLC, as initial Servicer,new originators, Greif Packaging LLC, Delta Petroleum Company, Inc., American Flange & Manufacturing Co. Inc., Caraustar Mill Group, Inc., Caraustar Industrial and Consumer Products Group, Inc., Caraustar Recovered Fiber Group, Inc., The Newark Group, Inc., Caraustar Consumer Products Group, LLC, Tama Paperboard, LLC,and Cascade Paper Converters Co., as original originators.
Amendment No. 5 dated May 17, 2023, to Third Amended and each other entity from time to time party heretoRestated Transfer and Administration Agreement dated September 24, 2019, by and among Greif Receivables Funding LLC, as an Originator,seller, Container Life Cycle Management LLC, Corrchoice (PA) LLC, East Texas Lee Container, L.P., Lee Container, LLC, and Lee Container Iowa, LLC, as Originators, Bank of America, N.A.new originators, Greif Packaging LLC, Delta Petroleum Company, Inc., American Flange & Manufacturing Co. Inc., Caraustar Mill Group, Inc., Caraustar Industrial and Consumer Products Group, Inc., Caraustar Recovered Fiber Group, Inc., The Newark Group, Inc., Caraustar Consumer Products Group, LLC, and Cascade Paper Converters Co., as Committed Investor, a Managing Agent, an Administrator and the Agent and the various investor groups, managing agents and administrators from time to time parties here to.original originators.
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The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2022,2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereto duly authorized.
GREIF, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: June 9, 20228, 2023/s/ LAWRENCE A. HILSHEIMER
Lawrence A. Hilsheimer
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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