UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended	March 31, ~~2022~~2023

	OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 1-4797

ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

36-1258310

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

155 Harlem Avenue

Glenview

60025

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 847-724-7500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock	ITW	New York Stock Exchange
1.25% Euro Notes due 2023	ITW23	New York Stock Exchange
0.250% Euro Notes due 2024	ITW24A	New York Stock Exchange
0.625% Euro Notes due 2027	ITW27	New York Stock Exchange
2.125% Euro Notes due 2030	ITW30	New York Stock Exchange
1.00% Euro Notes due 2031	ITW31	New York Stock Exchange
3.00% Euro Notes due 2034	ITW34	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at March 31, ~~2022: 311,442,968~~2023: 303,902,781


	Table of Contents

	PART I - Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1314
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2829

	PART II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2930
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2930
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2930
Item 6.	Exhibits	3031

Signatures		3132

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Income (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions except per share amounts	In millions except per share amounts	2022		2021		In millions except per share amounts	2023		2022
Operating Revenue	Operating Revenue	$	3,939	$	3,544	Operating Revenue	$	4,019	$	3,939
Cost of revenue	Cost of revenue	2,357		2,039		Cost of revenue	2,341		2,357
Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	652		566		Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	675		652
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	35		34		Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	31		35
Operating Income	Operating Income	895		905		Operating Income	972		895
Interest expense	Interest expense	(48)		(52)		Interest expense	(60)		(48)
Other income (expense)	Other income (expense)	14		12		Other income (expense)	10		14
Income Before Taxes	Income Before Taxes	861		865		Income Before Taxes	922		861
Income Taxes	Income Taxes	199		194		Income Taxes	208		199
Net Income	Net Income	$	662	$	671	Net Income	$	714	$	662

Net Income Per Share:	Net Income Per Share:					Net Income Per Share:
Basic	Basic	$	2.12	$	2.12	Basic	$	2.34	$	2.12
Diluted	Diluted	$	2.11	$	2.11	Diluted	$	2.33	$	2.11

Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:	Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:					Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:
Average	Average	312.5		316.6		Average	305.0		312.5
Average assuming dilution	Average assuming dilution	313.7		317.9		Average assuming dilution	306.1		313.7

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022
Net Income	Net Income	$	662	$	671	Net Income	$	714	$	662

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	26		(7)		Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	37		26
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	5		11		Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	—		5
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	31		4		Other comprehensive income (loss)	37		31

Comprehensive Income	Comprehensive Income	$	693	$	675	Comprehensive Income	$	751	$	693

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited)


In millions except per share amounts	In millions except per share amounts	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		In millions except per share amounts	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets	Assets					Assets
Current Assets:	Current Assets:					Current Assets:
Cash and equivalents	Cash and equivalents	$	1,296	$	1,527	Cash and equivalents	$	1,143	$	708
Trade receivables	Trade receivables	3,126		2,840		Trade receivables	3,201		3,171
Inventories	Inventories	1,883		1,694		Inventories	2,000		2,054
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	377		313		Prepaid expenses and other current assets	334		329
Assets held for sale						Assets held for sale	10		8
Total current assets	Total current assets	6,682		6,374		Total current assets	6,688		6,270

Net plant and equipment	Net plant and equipment	1,795		1,809		Net plant and equipment	1,885		1,848
Goodwill	Goodwill	5,008		4,965		Goodwill	4,884		4,864
Intangible assets	Intangible assets	875		972		Intangible assets	738		768
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	546		552		Deferred income taxes	503		494
Other assets	Other assets	1,380		1,405		Other assets	1,223		1,178
		$	16,286	$	16,077		$	15,921	$	15,422

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity					Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:	Current Liabilities:					Current Liabilities:
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	$	1,041	$	778	Short-term debt	$	2,870	$	1,590
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	696		585		Accounts payable	599		594
Accrued expenses	Accrued expenses	1,541		1,648		Accrued expenses	1,504		1,728
Cash dividends payable	Cash dividends payable	380		382		Cash dividends payable	398		400
Income taxes payable	Income taxes payable	200		77		Income taxes payable	224		147
Liabilities held for sale						Liabilities held for sale	1		1
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	3,858		3,470		Total current liabilities	5,596		4,460

Noncurrent Liabilities:	Noncurrent Liabilities:					Noncurrent Liabilities:
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	6,817		6,909		Long-term debt	5,510		6,173
Deferred income taxes	Deferred income taxes	627		654		Deferred income taxes	477		484
Noncurrent income taxes payable	Noncurrent income taxes payable	365		365		Noncurrent income taxes payable	273		273
Other liabilities	Other liabilities	1,037		1,053		Other liabilities	964		943
Total noncurrent liabilities	Total noncurrent liabilities	8,846		8,981		Total noncurrent liabilities	7,224		7,873

Stockholders' Equity:	Stockholders' Equity:					Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock (par value of $0.01 per share):	Common stock (par value of $0.01 per share):					Common stock (par value of $0.01 per share):
Issued- 550.0 shares in 2022 and 2021 Outstanding- 311.4 shares in 2022 and 312.9 shares in 2021		6		6
Issued- 550.0 shares in 2023 and 2022 Outstanding- 303.9 shares in 2023 and 305.0 shares in 2022						Issued- 550.0 shares in 2023 and 2022 Outstanding- 303.9 shares in 2023 and 305.0 shares in 2022	6		6
Additional paid-in-capital	Additional paid-in-capital	1,447		1,432		Additional paid-in-capital	1,526		1,501
Retained earnings	Retained earnings	24,607		24,325		Retained earnings	26,115		25,799
Common stock held in treasury	Common stock held in treasury	(21,008)		(20,636)		Common stock held in treasury	(22,743)		(22,377)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,471)		(1,502)		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,804)		(1,841)
Noncontrolling interest	Noncontrolling interest	1		1		Noncontrolling interest	1		1
Total stockholders' equity	Total stockholders' equity	3,582		3,626		Total stockholders' equity	3,101		3,089
		$	16,286	$	16,077		$	15,921	$	15,422

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


In millions except per share amounts	In millions except per share amounts	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-controlling Interest		Total		In millions except per share amounts	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-controlling Interest		Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023																Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance at December 31, 2022																Balance at December 31, 2022	$	6	$	1,501	$	25,799	$	(22,377)	$	(1,841)	$	1	$	3,089
Net income																Net income	—		—		714		—		—		—		714
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation																Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		8		—		11		—		—		19
Stock-based compensation expense																Stock-based compensation expense	—		17		—		—		—		—		17
Repurchases of common stock																Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock																Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(2)		—		—		(2)
Dividends declared ($1.31 per share)																Dividends declared ($1.31 per share)	—		—		(398)		—		—		—		(398)
Other comprehensive income (loss)																Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		37		—		37

Balance at March 31, 2023																Balance at March 31, 2023	$	6	$	1,526	$	26,115	$	(22,743)	$	(1,804)	$	1	$	3,101

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022															Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance at December 31, 2021	Balance at December 31, 2021	$	6	$	1,432	$	24,325	$	(20,636)	$	(1,502)	$	1	$	3,626	Balance at December 31, 2021	$	6	$	1,432	$	24,325	$	(20,636)	$	(1,502)	$	1	$	3,626
Net income	Net income	—		—		662		—		—		—		662		Net income	—		—		662		—		—		—		662
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		(1)		—		3		—		—		2		Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		(1)		—		3		—		—		2
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	—		16		—		—		—		—		16		Stock-based compensation expense	—		16		—		—		—		—		16
Repurchases of common stock	Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)		Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Dividends declared ($1.22 per share)	Dividends declared ($1.22 per share)	—		—		(380)		—		—		—		(380)		Dividends declared ($1.22 per share)	—		—		(380)		—		—		—		(380)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		31		—		31		Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		31		—		31

Balance at March 31, 2022	Balance at March 31, 2022	$	6	$	1,447	$	24,607	$	(21,008)	$	(1,471)	$	1	$	3,582	Balance at March 31, 2022	$	6	$	1,447	$	24,607	$	(21,008)	$	(1,471)	$	1	$	3,582

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Balance at December 31, 2020		$	6	$	1,362	$	23,114	$	(19,659)	$	(1,642)	$	1	$	3,182
Net income		—		—		671		—		—		—		671
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation		—		5		—		12		—		—		17
Stock-based compensation expense		—		11		—		—		—		—		11
Repurchases of common stock		—		—		—		(250)		—		—		(250)
Dividends declared ($1.14 per share)		—		—		(360)		—		—		—		(360)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Noncontrolling interest		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
Balance at March 31, 2021		$	6	$	1,378	$	23,425	$	(19,897)	$	(1,638)	$	2	$	3,276

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022
Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:	Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:					Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:
Net income	Net income	$	662	$	671	Net income	$	714	$	662
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:	Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:					Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	Depreciation	71		66		Depreciation	68		71
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	35		34		Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	31		35
Change in deferred income taxes	Change in deferred income taxes	(37)		21		Change in deferred income taxes	3		(37)
Provision for uncollectible accounts	Provision for uncollectible accounts	1		—		Provision for uncollectible accounts	3		1
(Income) loss from investments	(Income) loss from investments	(1)		(1)		(Income) loss from investments	(2)		(1)

(Gain) loss on sale of plant and equipment						(Gain) loss on sale of plant and equipment	(1)		—
(Gain) loss on sale of operations and affiliates						(Gain) loss on sale of operations and affiliates	—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense	16		11		Stock-based compensation expense	17		16
Other non-cash items, net	Other non-cash items, net	—		3		Other non-cash items, net	4		—
Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:	Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:					Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Increase) decrease in-	(Increase) decrease in-					(Increase) decrease in-
Trade receivables	Trade receivables	(301)		(192)		Trade receivables	(17)		(301)
Inventories	Inventories	(207)		(122)		Inventories	64		(207)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	Prepaid expenses and other assets	(47)		(21)		Prepaid expenses and other assets	(50)		(47)
Increase (decrease) in-	Increase (decrease) in-					Increase (decrease) in-
Accounts payable	Accounts payable	116		65		Accounts payable	2		116
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(119)		(13)		Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(184)		(119)
Income taxes	Income taxes	134		88		Income taxes	77		134
Other, net	Other, net	—		(1)		Other, net	(1)		—
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	323		609		Net cash provided by operating activities	728		323
Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:	Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:					Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	(2)		—		Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	—		(2)
Additions to plant and equipment	Additions to plant and equipment	(74)		(68)		Additions to plant and equipment	(113)		(74)
Proceeds from investments	Proceeds from investments	2		1		Proceeds from investments	2		2
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	2		2		Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	3		2

Proceeds from sales of operations and affiliates						Proceeds from sales of operations and affiliates	(3)		—
Other, net	Other, net	(1)		—		Other, net	—		(1)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(73)		(65)		Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(111)		(73)
Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:	Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:					Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:
Cash dividends paid	Cash dividends paid	(382)		(361)		Cash dividends paid	(400)		(382)
Issuance of common stock	Issuance of common stock	16		26		Issuance of common stock	33		16
Repurchases of common stock	Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(250)		Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(375)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	564		—		Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	709		564
Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	357		—		Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	—		357
Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(656)		—		Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(138)		(656)
Other, net	Other, net	(13)		(9)		Other, net	(14)		(13)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(489)		(594)		Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(185)		(489)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	8		(30)		Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	3		8
Cash and Equivalents:	Cash and Equivalents:					Cash and Equivalents:
Increase (decrease) during the period	Increase (decrease) during the period	(231)		(80)		Increase (decrease) during the period	435		(231)
Beginning of period	Beginning of period	1,527		2,564		Beginning of period	708		1,527
End of period	End of period	$	1,296	$	2,484	End of period	$	1,143	$	1,296
Supplementary Cash Flow Information:	Supplementary Cash Flow Information:					Supplementary Cash Flow Information:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	$	58	$	56	Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	$	62	$	58
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	102	$	86	Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	128	$	102

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statements— The unaudited financial statements included herein have been prepared by Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company"). In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included in the Company's ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform with current year reporting.

(2) ~~Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)~~Divestitures

The Company routinely reviews its portfolio of businesses relative to its business portfolio criteria and evaluates if further portfolio refinements may be needed. As such, the Company may commit to a plan to exit or dispose of certain businesses and present them as held for sale in periods prior to the sale of the business.

In ~~early 2020, an outbreak~~the second quarter of a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") occurred in China and other jurisdictions. The COVID-19 outbreak was subsequently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. In response2022, plans were approved to ~~the outbreak, governments around the globe have taken various actions to reduce its spread,~~divest two businesses, including travel restrictions, shutdowns of businesses deemed nonessential, and stay-at-home or similar orders. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken globally to reduce its spread have negatively impacted the global economy, causing significant disruptionsone business in the ~~Company's global operations starting primarily~~Polymers & Fluids segment and one business in the ~~latter part of~~Food Equipment segment. These two businesses were classified as held for sale beginning in the ~~first~~second quarter of ~~2020 as COVID-19 spread and impacted~~2022. In the ~~countries~~fourth quarter of 2022, both of these businesses were divested. On October 3, 2022, the business in ~~which~~ the Company operates and the markets the Company serves. During 2021, the Company experienced solid recovery progress in many of its end markets; however, the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continued to have an adverse impact on the Company's global operations. The full extent of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on the markets served by the Company and on the Company's operations continues to be highly uncertain as conditions continue to fluctuate around the world, with vaccine administration rising in certain regions and spikes in infections (including the spread of variants) also being experienced. The pandemic and resurgence of outbreaks could continue to adversely impact the operations of the Company and its customers and suppliers.

~~(3) MTS Test~~Polymers & ~~Simulation Acquisition~~

~~On December 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of the Test & Simulation business of MTS Systems Corporation ("MTS") from Amphenol Corporation~~Fluids segment was sold for ~~a purchase price of $750~~$220 million, subject to certain closing ~~adjustments. The MTS Test & Simulation~~adjustments, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $156 million. On December 1, 2022, the business isin the Food Equipment segment was sold for $59 million, subject to certain closing adjustments, resulting in a ~~leading global supplier~~pre-tax gain of ~~high-performance testing and simulation systems and is highly complementary~~$41 million. Operating revenue related to these divested businesses that was included in the Company's ~~existing Test & Measurement and Electronics segment. The operating~~ results of operations for the ~~MTS Test & Simulation~~three months ended March 31, 2022 was $28 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. Assets and liabilities held for sale related to this business were ~~reported within the Test & Measurement~~$10 million and ~~Electronics segment from the date~~$1 million, respectively, as of ~~acquisition, with operating~~March 31, 2023, and $8 million and $1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Operating revenue ~~of $100~~for this business was $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. ~~The Company is in process of allocating~~This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss expected from the ~~purchase price to the acquired assets and liabilities as~~sale of the acquisition date, including intangible assets and goodwill. Based on its updated allocation, the Company recorded goodwill of $429 million and intangible assets of $258 million. The intangible assets included $93 million related to indefinite-lived trademarks and brands and $165 million related to amortizable intangible assets that are expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from 1 to 14 years, with a weighted-average life of 11 years. The Company does not expect any of the goodwill related to the transaction to be tax deductible. The fair values of the intangible assets were estimated based on discounted cash flow and market-based valuation models using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs and assumptions. Adjustments resulting from updates to the purchase price allocation during the first quarter of 2022 were not material. Subsequent acquisition accounting adjustments may change the amounts recorded, including goodwill and intangible assets, primarily due to the completion of valuations. The allocation of purchase price will be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.business.

~~(4)~~(3) Operating Revenue

The Company's 8384 diversified operating divisions are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following 7seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022
Automotive OEM	Automotive OEM	$	760	$	783	Automotive OEM	$	796	$	760
Food Equipment	Food Equipment	566		451		Food Equipment	635		566
Test & Measurement and Electronics	Test & Measurement and Electronics	685		552		Test & Measurement and Electronics	703		685
Welding	Welding	450		401		Welding	493		450
Polymers & Fluids	Polymers & Fluids	481		435		Polymers & Fluids	447		481
Construction Products	Construction Products	551		469		Construction Products	526		551
Specialty Products	Specialty Products	452		457		Specialty Products	423		452
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	(6)		(4)		Intersegment revenue	(4)		(6)
Total operating revenue	Total operating revenue	$	3,939	$	3,544	Total operating revenue	$	4,019	$	3,939

The following is a description of the product offerings, end markets and typical revenue transactions for each of the Company's 7seven segments:

Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations.

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, energy, consumer durables and industrial capital goods ~~energy and consumer durables~~ markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. In other limited arrangements involving the sale of highly specialized systems that include a high degree of customization and installation at the customer site, revenue is recognized over time if the product does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date. Revenue for transactions meeting these criteria is recognized over time as work is performed based on the costs incurred to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion.

Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, ~~construction,~~ MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers ~~and industrial capital goods~~ markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial ~~MRO~~ and ~~construction~~MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•~~line integration,~~ conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed.

~~(5)~~

(4) Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 22.6% and ~~2021 was~~ 23.1% ~~and 22.4%~~, respectively. The effective tax ~~rate~~rates included discrete income tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $8$13 million and $9$8 million for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in these jurisdictions, including the Internal Revenue Service, ~~("IRS"), Her~~His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, German Fiscal Authority, French Fiscal Authority, and Australian Tax Office, and a number of these audits are currently ongoing, which may increase the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits in future periods. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits may be decreased by approximately ~~$51~~$28 million related predominantly to the potential resolution of ~~federal, state and foreign~~income tax examinations. The Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential exposure for these issues.

~~(6)~~(5) Inventories

Inventories as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


In millions	In millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		In millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw material	Raw material	$	775	$	716	Raw material	$	823	$	887
Work-in-process	Work-in-process	248		208		Work-in-process	252		228
Finished goods	Finished goods	981		888		Finished goods	1,036		1,050
LIFO reserve	LIFO reserve	(121)		(118)		LIFO reserve	(111)		(111)
Total inventories	Total inventories	$	1,883	$	1,694	Total inventories	$	2,000	$	2,054

~~(7)~~(6) Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended									Three Months Ended
		March 31,									March 31,
		Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits					Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022		2023		2022
Components of net periodic benefit cost:	Components of net periodic benefit cost:									Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	Service cost	$	12	$	13	$	2	$	2	Service cost	$	9	$	12	$	1	$	2
Interest cost	Interest cost	13		10		3		3		Interest cost	23		13		6		3
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets	(27)		(25)		(6)		(7)		Expected return on plan assets	(32)		(27)		(5)		(6)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	7		13		(1)		—		Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1		7		(1)		(1)

Total net periodic benefit cost		$	5	$	11	$	(2)	$	(2)

Total net periodic benefit cost (income)										Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	1	$	5	$	1	$	(2)

The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of revenue and Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses in the Statement of Income while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense).

The Company expects to contribute approximately $14 million to its pension plans and $4 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in ~~2022.~~2023. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, contributions of $3 million to pension plans and $1$2 million to other postretirement benefit plans have been made.

~~(8)~~

(7) Debt

Total debt as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


In millions	In millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		In millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	$	1,041	$	778	Short-term debt	$	2,870	$	1,590
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	6,817		6,909		Long-term debt	5,510		6,173
Total debt	Total debt	$	7,858	$	7,687	Total debt	$	8,380	$	7,763

Short-term debt included commercial paper of ~~$1.0~~$1.6 billion and ~~$210 million~~$1.1 billion as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was ~~0.51%~~4.86% and ~~0.14%~~4.35%, respectively. ~~As of December 31, 2021,~~ Short-term debt as of March 31, 2023 also included ~~$568~~$699 million related to the 3.50% notes due March 1, 2024, which were reclassified from Long-term debt to Short-term debt in the first quarter of 2023. Additionally, Short-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included $542 million and $535 million, respectively, related to the 1.25% Euro notes due May 22, 2023, which were reclassified from Long-term debt to Short-term debt in the second quarter of 2022.

In 2022, the $568 million of 1.75% Euro notes due May 20, 2022 ~~which~~ were redeemed in full at face value on February 22, 2022. ~~Additionally, $350 million of 3.375% notes due September 15, 2021 were redeemed in full at face value on June 15, 2021.~~

The Company has a ~~$2.5~~$3.0 billion revolving credit facility with a termination date of ~~September 27, 2024,~~October 21, 2027, which is available to provide additional liquidity, including to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. No amounts were outstanding under the ~~$2.5 billion~~ revolving credit facility as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 or December 31, ~~2021.~~2022.

The approximate fair value and related carrying value of the Company's total long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt presented as short-term debt, as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


In millions	In millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		In millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Fair value	Fair value	$	7,082	$	8,296	Fair value	$	6,376	$	6,228
Carrying value	Carrying value	6,817		7,477		Carrying value	6,751		6,708

The approximate fair values of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, were based on a valuation model using Level 2 observable inputs which included market rates for comparable instruments for the respective periods.

~~(9)~~(8) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021:~~2022:


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022
Beginning balance	Beginning balance	$	(1,502)	$	(1,642)	Beginning balance	$	(1,841)	$	(1,502)

Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	49		33		Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	27		49
Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income		—		2

Income taxes	Income taxes	(23)		(42)		Income taxes	10		(23)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	26		(7)		Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	37		26

Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	6		13		Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	—		6
Income taxes	Income taxes	(1)		(2)		Income taxes	—		(1)
Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	5		11		Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	—		5

Ending balance	Ending balance	$	(1,471)	$	(1,638)	Ending balance	$	(1,804)	$	(1,471)

~~Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income related to the exit of an immaterial foreign operation.~~

Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income ~~represented~~related to the amortization of actuarial gains and losses. Refer to Note 7.6. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015 and the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). On February 22, 2022, €500 million of the Euro notes issued in May 2014 were redeemed in full. Refer to Note 8.7. Debt for additional information regarding the redemption of these notes. The carrying values of the outstanding 2019, 2015 and 2014 Euro notes as of March 31, 2023 were ~~$1.8~~$1.7 billion, $1.1 billion and ~~$543~~$532 million, ~~respectively, as~~respectively. The amount of ~~March 31, 2022. The cumulative unrealized~~ pre-tax gain (loss) related to these notes recorded in ~~Accumulated other~~Other comprehensive income (loss) ~~related to~~was a loss of $41 million for the ~~net investment hedge was~~three months ended March 31, 2023 and a gain of ~~$277~~$94 million ~~and $183 million as of~~for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.~~2022.

As of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, the ending balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of after-tax cumulative translation adjustment losses of ~~$1.3~~$1.5 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, and after-tax unrecognized pension and other postretirement ~~benefits~~benefit costs of ~~$191~~$293 million and ~~$320~~$191 million, respectively.

~~(10)~~(9) Segment Information

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following 7seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Refer to Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information regarding operating revenue and operating income for the Company's segments.

ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INTRODUCTION

Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") is a global manufacturer of a diversified range of industrial products and equipment with 8384 divisions in 5251 countries. As of December 31, ~~2021,~~2022, the Company employed approximately ~~45,000~~46,000 people.

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products.

Due to the large number of diverse businesses and the Company's decentralized operating structure, the Company does not require its businesses to provide detailed information on operating results. Instead, the Company's corporate management collects data on several key measurements: operating revenue, operating income, operating margin, overhead costs, number of months on hand in inventory, days sales outstanding in accounts receivable, past due receivables and return on invested capital. These key measures are monitored by management and significant changes in operating results versus current trends in end markets and variances from forecasts are discussed with operating unit management.

THE ITW BUSINESS MODEL

The powerful and highly differentiated ITW Business Model is the Company's core source of value creation. It is the Company's competitive advantage and defines how ITW creates value for its shareholders. The ITW Business Model is comprised of three unique elements:

•ITW's80/20 Front-to-Back process is the operating system that is applied in every ITW business. Initially introduced as a manufacturing efficiency tool in the 1980s, ITW has continually refined, improved and expanded 80/20 into a proprietary, holistic business management process that generates significant value for the Company and its customers. Through the application of data driven insights generated by 80/20 practice, ITW focuses on its largest and best opportunities (the "80") and eliminates cost, complexity and distractions associated with the less profitable opportunities (the "20"). 80/20 enables ITW businesses to consistently achieve world-class operational excellence in product availability, quality, and innovation, while generating superior financial performance;

•Customer-back Innovation has fueled decades of profitable growth at ITW. The Company's unique innovation approach is built on insight gathered from the 80/20 Front-to-Back process. Working from the customer back, ITW businesses position themselves as the go-to problem solver for their "80" customers. ITW's innovation efforts are focused on understanding customer needs, particularly those in "80" markets with solid long-term growth fundamentals, and creating unique solutions to address those needs. These customer insights and learnings drive innovation at ITW and have contributed to a portfolio of approximately ~~19,300~~19,200 granted and pending patents;

•ITW's Decentralized, Entrepreneurial Culture enables ITW businesses to be fast, focused, and responsive. ITW businesses have significant flexibility within the framework of the ITW Business Model to customize their approach in order to best serve their specific customers' needs. ITW colleagues recognize their unique responsibilities to execute the Company's strategy and values. As a result, the Company maintains a focused and simple organizational structure that, combined with outstanding execution, delivers best-in-class services and solutions adapted to each business' customers and end markets.

ENTERPRISE STRATEGY

In late 2012, ITW began its strategic framework transitioning the Company on its current path to fully leverage the compelling performance potential of the ITW Business Model. The Company undertook a complete review of its performance, focusing on its businesses delivering consistent above-market growth with best-in-class margins and returns, and developing a strategy to replicate that performance across its operations.

ITW determined that solid and consistent above-market organic growth is the core growth engine to deliver world-class financial performance and compelling long-term returns for its shareholders. To shift its primary growth engine to organic, the Company began executing a multi-step approach.

•The first step was to narrow the focus and improve the quality of ITW's business portfolio. As part of the Portfolio Management initiative, ITW exited businesses that were operating in commoditized market spaces and prioritized sustainable differentiation as a must-have requirement for all ITW businesses. This process included both divesting

entire businesses and exiting commoditized product lines and customers inside otherwise highly differentiated ITW divisions.

As a result of this work, ITW's business portfolio now has significantly higher organic growth potential. ITW segments and divisions now possess attractive and differentiated product lines and end markets as they continue to improve operating margins and generate price/cost increases. The Company achieved this through product line

simplification, or eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, while supporting and growing the businesses' largest / most profitable customers and product lines.

•Step two, Business Structure Simplification, was implemented to simplify and scale up ITW's operating structure to support increased engineering, marketing, and sales resources, and improve global reach and competitiveness, all of which were critical to driving accelerated organic growth. ITW now has 8384 scaled-up divisions with significantly enhanced focus on growth investments, core customers and products, and customer-back innovation.

•The Strategic Sourcing initiative established sourcing as a core strategic and operational capability at ITW, delivering an average of one percent reduction in spend each year from 2013 through ~~2021~~2022 and continues to be a key contributor to the Company's ongoing enterprise strategy.

•With the initial portfolio realignment and scale-up work largely complete, the Company shifted its focus to preparing for and accelerating organic growth, reapplying the 80/20 Front-to-Back process to optimize its newly scaled-up divisions for growth, first, to build a foundation of operational excellence, and second, to identify the best opportunities to drive organic growth.

ITW has clearly demonstrated superior 80/20 management, resulting in meaningful incremental improvement in margins and returns as evidenced by the Company's operating margin and after-tax return on invested capital. At the same time, these 80/20 initiatives can also result in restructuring initiatives that reduce costs and improve profitability and returns.

PATH TO FULL POTENTIAL

Since the launch of the enterprise strategy, the Company has made considerable progress on our path to ~~position itself to reach~~ full potential. The ITW Business Model and unique set of capabilities are a source of strong and enduring competitive advantage, but for the Company to truly reach its full potential, every one of its divisions must also be operating at its full potential. To do so, the Company remains focused on its core ~~principles to position ITW to perform to its full potential:~~principles:

•Portfolio discipline

•80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence

•Full-potential organic growth

Portfolio Discipline

The Company only operates in industries where it can generate significant, long-term competitive advantage from the ITW Business Model. ITW businesses have the right "raw material" in terms of market and business attributes that best fit the ITW Business Model and have significant potential to drive above-market organic growth over the long-term.

The Company focuses on high-quality businesses, ensuring it operates in markets with positive long-term macro fundamentals and with customers that have critical needs and value ITW's differentiated products, services and solutions. ITW's portfolio operates in highly diverse end markets and geographies which makes the Company more resilient in the face of uncertain or volatile market environments.

The Company routinely evaluates its portfolio to ensure it delivers sustainable differentiation and drives consistent long-term performance. This includes both implementing portfolio refinements and assessing selective high-quality acquisitions to supplement ITW's long-term growth potential.

~~The Company previously communicated its intent~~In the second quarter of 2022, plans were approved to ~~explore options,~~divest two businesses, including ~~potential divestitures,~~one business in the Polymers & Fluids segment and one business in the Food Equipment segment. These two businesses were classified as held for ~~certain businesses with revenues totaling up to $1 billion.~~sale beginning in the second quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of ~~2019,~~2022, both of these businesses were divested. The business in the ~~Company completed the divestitures of three businesses and continues to evaluate options~~Polymers & Fluids segment was sold for certain other businesses. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company chose to defer any further significant divestiture activity to a later date. The Company is reinitiating the divestiture process in 2022 for certain businesses with combined annual revenues of approximately $0.5 billion,$220 million, subject to ~~approval by~~certain closing adjustments, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $156 million. The business in the Food Equipment segment was sold for $59 million, subject to certain closing adjustments, resulting in a pre-

tax gain of $41 million. Operating revenue related to these divested businesses that was included in the Company's ~~Board~~results of ~~Directors.~~operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $28 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. Operating revenue for this business was $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss expected from the sale of the business. Refer to Note 2. Divestitures in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding the Company's divestitures.

80/20 Front-to-Back Practice Excellence

The 80/20 Front-to-Back process is a rigorous, iterative and highly data-driven approach to identify where the Company has true differentiation and the ability to drive sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company simplifies and eliminates

complexity and redesigns every aspect of its business to ensure focused execution on key opportunities, markets, customers, and products.

ITW will continue to drive 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence in every division in the Company, every day. Driving strong operational excellence in the quality of 80/20 Front-to-Back practice across the Company, division by division, will produce further customer-facing performance improvement in a number of divisions and additional structural margin expansion at the enterprise level.

~~Full-potential~~Full-Potential Organic Growth

Reaching full potential means that every division is positioned for sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company has clearly defined action plans aimed at leveraging the performance power of the ITW Business Model to achieve full-potential organic growth in every division, with specific focus on:

•"80" focused Market Penetration - fully leveraging the considerable growth potential that resides in the Company's largest and most differentiated product offerings and customer relationships

•Customer-back Innovation - strengthening the Company's commitment to serial innovation and delivering a continuous flow of differentiated new products to its key customers

•Strategic Sales Excellence - deploying a high-performance sales function in every division

As the Company continues to make progress toward its full potential, the Company will explore opportunities to reinforce or further expand the long-term organic growth potential of ITW through the addition of selective high-quality acquisitions, such as the acquisition of the Test & Simulation business of MTS Systems Corporation ("MTS") from Amphenol Corporation on December 1, 2021. The operating results of the MTS Test & Simulation business were reported within the Company's Test & Measurement and Electronics segment. Refer to Note 3. MTS Test & Simulation Acquisition in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding this acquisition.acquisitions.

TERMS USED BY ITW

Management uses the following terms to describe the financial results of operations of the Company:

•Organic business - acquired businesses that have been included in the Company's results of operations for more than 12 months on a constant currency basis.

•Operating leverage - the estimated effect of the organic revenue volume changes on organic operating income, assuming variable margins remain the same as the prior period.

•Price/cost - represents the estimated net impact of increases or decreases in the cost of materials used in the Company's products versus changes in the selling price to the Company's customers.

•Product line simplification (PLS) - focuses businesses on eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, and focuses businesses on supporting and growing their largest customers and product lines. In the short-term, PLS may result in a decrease in revenue and overhead costs while improving operating margin. In the long-term, PLS is expected to result in growth in revenue, profitability, and returns.

Unless otherwise stated, the changes in financial results in the consolidated results of operations and the results of operations by segment represent the current year period versus the comparable period in the prior year. The following discussion of operating results should be read in conjunction with Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In early 2020, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in China and other jurisdictions. The COVID-19 outbreak was subsequently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. In response to the outbreak, governments around the globe ~~have taken~~took various actions to reduce its spread, including travel restrictions, shutdowns of businesses deemed nonessential, and stay-at-home or similar orders. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken globally to reduce its spread ~~have~~ negatively impacted the global economy, causing significant disruptions in the Company's global operations starting primarily in the latter part of the first quarter of 2020 as COVID-19 spread and impacted the countries in which the Company operates and the markets the Company serves.

~~For~~Despite the ~~duration of~~ongoing disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company ~~is focusing on the following priorities: (1) protect the health and support the well-being of ITW's colleagues; (2) continue to serve the Company's customers with excellence to the best of its~~

ability; (3) maintain financial strength, liquidity and strategic optionality; and (4) leverage the Company's strengths to position it to fully participate in the recovery. To support ITW's colleagues, among its many actions and initiatives, the Company redesigned production processes to ensure proper social distancing practices, adjusted shift schedules and assignments to help colleagues who have child and elder care needs, and implemented aggressive new workplace sanitation practices and a coordinated response to ensure access to personal protective equipment to minimize infection risk. To support its customers, the Company has worked diligently to keep its facilities open and operating safely. The Company has adapted customer service systems and practices to seamlessly serve its customers under "work from home" requirementsexperienced solid recovery progress in many ~~parts~~ of ~~the world.~~

In areas around the world where governments issued stay-at-home or similar orders, the vast majority of ITW's businesses were designated as critical or essential businesses and, as such, they remained open and operational. In some cases, this is because the Company's products directly impact the COVID-19 response effort. In other cases, the Company's businesses are designated as critical because they play a vital role in serving and supporting industries that are deemed essential to the physical and economic health of our communities.

~~While the vast majority of the Company's facilities have remained open and operational~~its end markets during the ~~pandemic, many of these facilities were operating at a reduced capacity at various times since~~past two years. However, the outset of the pandemic. The full extent of the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on the markets served by the Company and on the Company's operations and financial position continues to be highly uncertain as conditions continue to fluctuate around the world, with vaccine administration rising in certain regions and spikes in infections (including the spread of variants) also being experienced. The pandemic and resurgence of outbreaks could continue to adversely impact the operations of the Company and its customers and suppliers. A description of the risks relating to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company's business, operations and financial condition is contained in Part I, - Item ~~1A -~~1A. Risk Factors in the Company's ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the first quarter of 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. In response, the United States and several other countries imposed economic and other sanctions on Russia. ~~Sales to customers in Russia represent less than one percent~~The Company has four immaterial Russian subsidiaries with total assets of ~~ITW’s total consolidated~~approximately $25 million as of March 31, 2023. The revenue ~~and are~~for these four subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $6 million. These subsidiaries were not material to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

In the second quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest two businesses, including one business in the Polymers & Fluids segment and one business in the Food Equipment segment. These two businesses were classified as held for sale beginning in the second quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, both of these businesses were divested. The business in the Polymers & Fluids segment was sold for $220 million, subject to certain closing adjustments, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $156 million. The business in the Food Equipment segment was sold for $59 million, subject to certain closing adjustments, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $41 million. Operating revenue related to these divested businesses that was included in the Company's results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $28 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, plans were approved to divest one business in the Specialty Products segment. This business was presented as held for sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022. Operating revenue for this business was $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. This business was sold on April 3, 2023, with no significant gain or loss expected from the sale of the business. Refer to Note 2. Divestitures in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding the Company's divestitures.

In a challenging and dynamic environment, the Company delivered strong financial results in the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 primarily due to the continued successful execution of enterprise initiatives ~~including the "Win the Recovery" actions initiated over the course of the past year,~~ and continued focus on the highly differentiated ITW Business Model. ~~Despite rising raw material costs and a challenging global supply chain environment,~~In the first quarter of 2023, the Company generated operating revenue growth of ~~11.2~~2.0 percent, ~~in the first quarter as six of seven segments had~~with organic revenue growth ~~while the Automotive OEM segment continued to be impacted by auto production reductions associated with the supply chain challenges affecting its customers. Operating~~of 5.2 percent, operating income was ~~$895~~$972 million and operating margin was ~~22.7 percent in the first quarter of 2022.~~24.2 percent.

The Company's consolidated results of operations for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended																	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,												Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring				Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	3,939		$	3,544		11.2	%	10.6	%	2.8	%	—	%			(2.2)	%	11.2	%	Operating revenue	$	4,019		$	3,939			2.0	%	5.2	%	(0.7)	%	—	%	(2.5)	%	2.0	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	895		$	905		(1.1)	%	2.1	%	(0.3)	%	(0.7)	%			(2.2)	%	(1.1)	%	Operating income	$	972		$	895			8.7	%	11.4	%	(0.5)	%	0.3	%	(2.5)	%	8.7	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	22.7		%	25.5		%	(280) bps		(190) bps		(70) bps		(20) bps				—		(280) bps		Operating margin %	24.2		%	22.7		%		150 bps		140 bps		10 bps		—		—		150 bps

•Operating revenue increased in the first quarter due to higher organic revenue, ~~and the MTS Test & Simulation acquisition, which was completed on December 1, 2021,~~ partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency ~~translation.~~translation and the impact of divestiture activity in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Organic revenue grew ~~10.6%~~5.2% as an increase in ~~six~~four segments was partially offset by a decline in the ~~Automotive OEM segment. Additionally, product~~Specialty Products, Construction Products and Polymers & Fluids segments. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 2060 basis points.

◦North American organic revenue increased ~~13.5% due to~~5.3% with growth in ~~all~~six segments, ~~primarily driven~~partially offset by a decline in the ~~Construction~~Specialty Products ~~Food Equipment, Welding and Polymers & Fluids segments.~~segment.

◦Europe, Middle East and Africa organic revenue increased ~~7.4% as growth in five segments was partially offset by a decline in the Automotive OEM and Specialty Products segments.~~

◦~~Asia Pacific organic revenue increased~~ 6.3% ~~due to growth in five segments, partially offset by a decline in the Specialty Products and Polymers & Fluids segments. China organic revenue increased 1.1%~~ as growth in the Automotive OEM, Food Equipment, Test & Measurement and Electronics and Welding segments was partially offset by a decline in the ~~Specialty Products,~~ Construction Products, Polymers & Fluids and Specialty Products segments.

◦Asia Pacific organic revenue increased 1.9% as growth in the Automotive OEM, Test & Measurement and Electronics, Construction Products and Welding segments was offset by a decline in the Specialty Products, Food Equipment and Polymers & Fluids segments. Organic revenue in China declined 6.5% due to a decrease in the Specialty Products, Automotive OEM, Food Equipment and Polymers & Fluids segments, partially offset by growth in the Test & Measurement and Electronics, Welding and Construction Products segments. The results in China were negatively impacted by COVID-related customer shutdowns.

•Operating income of ~~$895~~$972 million ~~decreased slightly compared to the prior year~~increased 8.7%, primarily due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency ~~translation and higher restructuring expenses.~~translation.

•Operating margin of ~~22.7% decreased 280~~24.2% increased 150 basis points primarily driven by ~~unfavorable~~favorable price/cost of ~~250~~190 basis points, ~~the dilutive impact of 70 basis points from the MTS Test & Simulation acquisition, higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses and freight costs, partially offset by~~ positive operating leverage of ~~200~~100 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives of 90100 basis ~~points.~~points, partially offset by higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses.

•The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 was 22.6% and ~~2021 was~~ 23.1% ~~and 22.4%~~, respectively. The effective tax rate included discrete income tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $8$13 million and $9$8 million for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021,~~2022, respectively.

•Diluted earnings per share (EPS) ~~were $2.11~~of $2.33 for the first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023 increased 10.4%.

•The Company repurchased approximately ~~1.8~~1.6 million shares of its common stock in the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 for approximately $375 million.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT

Total operating revenue and operating income for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months ended March 31,									Three Months ended March 31,
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	Operating Revenue				Operating Income				Dollars in millions	Operating Revenue				Operating Income
		2022		2021		2022		2021			2023		2022		2023		2022
Automotive OEM	Automotive OEM	$	760	$	783	$	138	$	189	Automotive OEM	$	796	$	760	$	128	$	138
Food Equipment	Food Equipment	566		451		126		96		Food Equipment	635		566		169		126
Test & Measurement and Electronics	Test & Measurement and Electronics	685		552		149		157		Test & Measurement and Electronics	703		685		172		149
Welding	Welding	450		401		139		121		Welding	493		450		157		139
Polymers & Fluids	Polymers & Fluids	481		435		118		112		Polymers & Fluids	447		481		109		118
Construction Products	Construction Products	551		469		136		130		Construction Products	526		551		145		136
Specialty Products	Specialty Products	452		457		120		126		Specialty Products	423		452		109		120
Intersegment revenue	Intersegment revenue	(6)		(4)		—		—		Intersegment revenue	(4)		(6)		—		—
Unallocated	Unallocated	—		—		(31)		(26)		Unallocated	—		—		(17)		(31)
Total	Total	$	3,939	$	3,544	$	895	$	905	Total	$	4,019	$	3,939	$	972	$	895

Segments are allocated a fixed overhead charge based on the segment's revenue. Expenses not charged to the segments are reported separately as Unallocated. Because the Unallocated category includes a variety of items, it is subject to fluctuations on a quarterly and annual basis.

AUTOMOTIVE OEM

This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

The results of operations for the Automotive OEM segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,										Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	760		$	783		(2.9)	%	(0.7)	%	—	%	—	%	(2.2)	%	(2.9)	%	Operating revenue	$	796		$	760			4.7	%	7.9	%	—	%	—	%	(3.2)	%	4.7	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	138		$	189		(27.2)	%	(21.0)	%	—	%	(4.4)	%	(1.8)	%	(27.2)	%	Operating income	$	128		$	138			(7.0)	%	(9.0)	%	—	%	5.4	%	(3.4)	%	(7.0)	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	18.1		%	24.1		%	(600) bps		(490) bps		—		(110) bps		—		(600) bps		Operating margin %	16.1		%	18.1		%		(200) bps		(280) bps		—		90 bps		(10) bps		(200) bps

•Operating revenue ~~declined~~grew due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency ~~translation and lower organic revenue.~~translation.

•Organic revenue ~~decreased 0.7% primarily due~~increased 7.9% compared to worldwide auto builds which grew 6%. Auto builds for North America, Europe and China, where the ~~impact~~Company has a higher concentration of ~~Automotive OEM customers adjusting production schedules~~revenue as compared to ~~account~~other geographic regions, increased 4%. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 30 basis points.

◦North American organic revenue increased 3.0% compared to North American auto builds which grew 10%. Auto build growth for the ~~shortage of semiconductor chips and other components in 2022. Worldwide auto builds declined 4%~~Detroit 3, where the Company has higher content, grew 2%.

◦European organic revenue ~~declined 10.5%~~grew 15.8% compared to European auto builds which ~~decreased 18%~~increased 17%.

◦Asia Pacific organic revenue increased ~~10.8%.~~5.0% primarily due to growth in South Korea and India. China organic revenue ~~grew 11.9%~~declined 5.0% versus China auto builds which ~~increased 6%~~decreased 8%. ~~Auto builds of foreign automotive manufacturers~~The results in China ~~where the Company has higher content, declined 7%.~~

◦~~North American organic revenue increased 3.1% compared to North American auto builds which declined 2%.~~were negatively impacted by COVID-related customer shutdowns.

•Operating margin of ~~18.1%~~16.1% decreased ~~600~~200 basis points primarily driven by ~~unfavorable price/cost of 320 basis points,~~ higher ~~overhead costs,~~operating expenses, including employee-related expenses and ~~higher restructuring expenses,~~continued investment in the business, and unfavorable price/cost of 10 basis points, partially offset by positive operating leverage of 150 basis points, benefits from the Company's enterprise ~~initiatives.~~initiatives and lower restructuring expenses.

FOOD EQUIPMENT

This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

The results of operations for the Food Equipment segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,										Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	566		$	451		25.3	%	28.2	%	—	%	—	%	(2.9)	%	25.3	%	Operating revenue	$	635		$	566			12.3	%	16.0	%	(1.2)	%	—	%	(2.5)	%	12.3	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	126		$	96		31.8	%	35.5	%	—	%	(0.2)	%	(3.5)	%	31.8	%	Operating income	$	169		$	126			34.2	%	38.6	%	(0.7)	%	(1.2)	%	(2.5)	%	34.2	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	22.3		%	21.2		%	110 bps		120 bps		—		—		(10) bps		110 bps		Operating margin %	26.7		%	22.3		%		440 bps		430 bps		20 bps		(10) bps		—		440 bps

•Operating revenue grew due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency ~~translation.~~translation and the impact of a divestiture in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Operating revenue in the first quarter of 2022 included approximately $7 million related to the business divested in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Organic revenue increased ~~28.2%~~16.0% as equipment and service organic revenue grew ~~29.0%~~15.5% and ~~25.8%~~18.5%, respectively.

◦North American organic revenue increased ~~22.7%~~21.3%. Equipment organic revenue grew ~~23.5% primarily due to~~24.9% with growth in the ~~restaurant~~institutional and ~~institutional~~restaurant end markets, partially offset by a decline in the food retail end market. Service organic revenue increased ~~21.3%~~16.7%.

◦International organic revenue increased ~~36.3%~~8.7%. Equipment organic revenue grew ~~36.4%~~3.3% primarily due to higher demand in the European warewash and refrigeration ~~and~~end markets, partially offset by a decline in the cooking end ~~markets.~~market. Service organic revenue increased ~~34.7%~~22.0%.

•Operating margin of ~~22.3%~~26.7% increased ~~110~~440 basis points primarily due to positive operating leverage of ~~560~~300 basis points, favorable price/cost of 280 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by higher operating expenses, including ~~higher~~ employee-related ~~expenses, and unfavorable price/cost of 110 basis points.~~expenses.

TEST & MEASUREMENT AND ELECTRONICS

This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, energy, consumer durables and industrial capital goods ~~energy and consumer durables~~ markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

The results of operations for the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended																	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,												Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring				Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	685		$	552		24.0	%	7.9	%	18.1	%	—	%			(2.0)	%	24.0	%	Operating revenue	$	703		$	685			2.6	%	5.6	%	—	%	—	%	(3.0)	%	2.6	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	149		$	157		(4.8)	%	(1.8)	%	(2.0)	%	0.5	%			(1.5)	%	(4.8)	%	Operating income	$	172		$	149			15.3	%	18.8	%	—	%	(0.4)	%	(3.1)	%	15.3	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	21.8		%	28.4		%	(660) bps		(260) bps		(420) bps		20 bps				—		(660) bps		Operating margin %	24.5		%	21.8		%		270 bps		270 bps		—		—		—		270 bps

•Operating revenue grew due to ~~the MTS Test & Simulation acquisition and~~ higher organic revenue, partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Organic revenue increased ~~7.9%~~5.6%.

◦Organic revenue for the test and measurement businesses increased ~~10.1%~~11.9% primarily driven by ~~higher semiconductor demand in North America and~~ the impact of a stronger capital spending ~~environment.~~environment, growth in the MTS Test & Simulation business and higher demand in the oil and gas end market, partially offset by lower semiconductor demand in North America. Instron, where demand is more closely tied to the capital spending environment, had organic revenue growth of ~~6.0%~~22.2%.

◦Electronics organic revenue ~~increased 5.6% driven by higher demand~~decreased 3.9% primarily due to a decline in the consumer electronics and semiconductor end ~~market.~~markets. The electronics assembly businesses ~~grew 9.0%~~decreased 6.5% primarily due to ~~higher~~lower demand in North America and Asia ~~Pacific and North America.~~Pacific. The other electronics businesses, which include the contamination control, static control and pressure sensitive adhesives businesses, ~~increased 3.9% with growth~~decreased 2.6% primarily due to a decline in ~~Asia Pacific and Europe,~~the semiconductor end market, partially offset by ~~a decline~~higher demand in ~~North America.~~the automotive end market.

•Operating margin of ~~21.8% decreased 660~~24.5% increased 270 basis points primarily driven by ~~the dilutive impact~~positive operating leverage of ~~420~~130 basis points, ~~from the MTS Test & Simulation acquisition, unfavorable~~favorable price/cost of ~~200~~90 basis points, benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and lower intangible asset amortization expense, partially offset by higher operating expenses, including employee-related ~~expenses and freight costs, partially offset by positive operating leverage of 160 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives.~~expenses.

WELDING

This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, ~~construction,~~ MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers ~~and industrial capital goods~~ markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

The results of operations for the Welding segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended																	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,												Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring				Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	450		$	401		12.2	%	12.9	%	—	%	—	%			(0.7)	%	12.2	%	Operating revenue	$	493		$	450			9.6	%	10.2	%	—	%	—	%	(0.6)	%	9.6	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	139		$	121		14.4	%	15.2	%	—	%	(0.4)	%			(0.4)	%	14.4	%	Operating income	$	157		$	139			13.4	%	13.6	%	—	%	(0.1)	%	(0.1)	%	13.4	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	30.8		%	30.3		%	50 bps		60 bps		—		(10) bps				—		50 bps		Operating margin %	31.9		%	30.8		%		110 bps		100 bps		—		—		10 bps		110 bps

•Operating revenue grew due to higher organic revenue, partially offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Organic revenue increased ~~12.9%~~10.2% driven by growth in equipment of ~~10.4%~~9.9% and consumables of ~~17.0%~~10.7% primarily due to higher demand in the industrial end markets related to heavy equipment for the agriculture, infrastructure and ~~mining~~oil and ~~in the commercial~~gas end ~~markets related to construction, light fabrication and farm and ranch customers.~~markets.

◦North American organic revenue increased ~~12.0%~~9.8% due to growth in the industrial ~~and commercial~~ end markets of ~~14.5% and 8.8%~~17.5%, ~~respectively.~~partially offset by a decline in the commercial end market of 2.2%.

◦International organic revenue grew ~~17.2%~~12.2% primarily due to higher equipment demand in the oil and gas end ~~markets in Europe and Asia.~~markets.

•Operating margin of ~~30.8%~~31.9% increased 50110 basis points primarily driven by favorable price/cost of 310 basis points, positive operating leverage of ~~180~~140 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by ~~unfavorable price/cost of 150 basis points and~~ higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses.

POLYMERS & FLUIDS

This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial ~~MRO~~ and ~~construction~~MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

The results of operations for the Polymers & Fluids segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended																	Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,												Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring				Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	481		$	435		10.5	%	12.8	%	—	%	—	%			(2.3)	%	10.5	%	Operating revenue	$	447		$	481			(7.0)	%	(0.1)	%	(4.5)	%	—	%	(2.4)	%	(7.0)	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	118		$	112		5.3	%	7.7	%	—	%	0.1	%			(2.5)	%	5.3	%	Operating income	$	109		$	118			(7.6)	%	(0.4)	%	(2.9)	%	(1.3)	%	(3.0)	%	(7.6)	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	24.5		%	25.7		%	(120) bps		(120) bps		—		—				—		(120) bps		Operating margin %	24.4		%	24.5		%		(10) bps		(10) bps		40 bps		(30) bps		(10) bps

•Operating revenue ~~grew~~declined primarily due to ~~higher organic revenue, partially offset by~~the impact of a divestiture in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation.

•Operating revenue in the first quarter of 2022 included approximately $22 million related to the business divested in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Organic revenue ~~grew 12.8% driven by an increase~~was essentially flat, as growth in North America ~~and Europe, partially~~was offset by a decline in Europe and Asia Pacific. ~~Additionally, product~~Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 3080 basis points.

◦Organic revenue for the automotive aftermarket businesses ~~increased 16.5%~~decreased 1.3% primarily ~~driven by an increase~~due to a decline in the car care and tire repair businesses in North America, partially offset by growth in the engine and body repair businesses in North America and growth in the European tire repair and additives businesses.

◦Organic revenue for the polymers businesses increased ~~11.2%~~1.1% with growth in ~~Europe and~~ North America, partially offset by a decline in Europe and Asia Pacific. Demand in Asia Pacific was negatively impacted by softness in the consumer electronics end market.

◦Organic revenue for the fluids businesses grew ~~6.2%~~1.0% primarily due to an increase in the hygiene and industrial maintenance, repair and operations end markets in ~~Europe and~~ North America.

•Operating margin of ~~24.5%~~24.4% decreased ~~120~~10 basis points primarily driven by ~~unfavorable price/cost of 210 basis points and~~ higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses, and ~~freight costs,~~higher restructuring expenses, partially offset by ~~positive operating leverage~~favorable price/cost of ~~240~~140 basis points, benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, the favorable impact of a divestiture in the fourth quarter of 2022 and lower intangible asset amortization expense.

CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS

This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

The results of operations for the Construction Products segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,										Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	551		$	469		17.4	%	21.3	%	—	%	—	%	(3.9)	%	17.4	%	Operating revenue	$	526		$	551			(4.6)	%	(1.4)	%	—	%	—	%	(3.2)	%	(4.6)	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	136		$	130		4.9	%	7.5	%	—	%	0.5	%	(3.1)	%	4.9	%	Operating income	$	145		$	136			6.5	%	10.3	%	—	%	(0.9)	%	(2.9)	%	6.5	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	24.7		%	27.6		%	(290) bps		(310) bps		—		10 bps				(290) bps		Operating margin %	27.5		%	24.7		%		280 bps		290 bps		—		(20) bps		10 bps		280 bps

•Operating revenue ~~grew~~declined due to ~~higher organic revenue, partially offset by~~ the unfavorable effect of foreign currency ~~translation.~~translation and lower organic revenue.

•Organic revenue ~~increased 21.3% with growth across all major regions. Additionally, product~~decreased 1.4% primarily due to a decline in Europe. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 3040 basis points.

◦North American organic revenue ~~grew 32.1%~~increased 0.4% driven by ~~higher~~growth in the commercial end markets of 4.7%, partially offset by lower demand in the United States residential ~~and commercial~~ end markets of ~~36.2% and 14.5%, respectively.~~0.5%.

◦International organic revenue ~~increased 13.0%~~decreased 3.2%. European organic revenue ~~grew 16.0%~~declined 8.5% primarily ~~driven by higher~~due to lower demand in the commercial and residential end markets. Asia Pacific organic revenue increased ~~8.9%~~4.3% primarily due to higher demand in the Australia and New Zealand residential end markets.

•Operating margin of ~~24.7% decreased 290~~27.5% increased 280 basis points primarily driven by ~~unfavorable~~favorable price/cost of ~~620 basis points and higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses, partially offset by positive operating leverage of 310~~500 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise ~~initiatives.~~initiatives, partially offset by higher operating expenses, including employee-related expenses.

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•~~line integration,~~ conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

The results of operations for the Specialty Products segment for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31,						Components of Increase (Decrease)								Dollars in millions	March 31,										Components of Increase (Decrease)
		2022			2021			Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total			2023			2022				Inc (Dec)		Organic		Acquisition/ Divestiture		Restructuring		Foreign Currency		Total
Operating revenue	Operating revenue	$	452		$	457		(1.1)	%	0.6	%	—	%	—	%	(1.7)	%	(1.1)	%	Operating revenue	$	423		$	452			(6.4)	%	(5.0)	%	—	%	—	%	(1.4)	%	(6.4)	%
Operating income	Operating income	$	120		$	126		(4.5)	%	(3.9)	%	—	%	1.0	%	(1.6)	%	(4.5)	%	Operating income	$	109		$	120			(9.8)	%	(9.1)	%	—	%	0.1	%	(0.8)	%	(9.8)	%
Operating margin %	Operating margin %	26.6		%	27.6		%	(100) bps		(130) bps		—		30 bps		—		(100) bps		Operating margin %	25.6		%	26.6		%		(100) bps		(110) bps		—		—		10 bps		(100) bps

•Operating revenue declined due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency ~~translation, partially offset by higher organic revenue.~~translation.

•Organic revenue ~~increased 0.6%~~decreased 5.0%. Consumable sales ~~grew 5.1%~~declined 4.5% primarily due to ~~higher~~lower demand in North America and ~~Europe, partially offset by a decrease in~~ Asia Pacific. Equipment sales ~~declined 16.1% with~~decreased 7.3% primarily driven by lower demand ~~across all major regions. Additionally, product~~in North America and Europe. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 50340 basis points.

◦North American organic revenue ~~increased 6.5%~~decreased 4.4% primarily driven by ~~growth~~a decline in the consumer packaging, strength films, specialty films and decorating equipment businesses, partially offset by ~~a decline~~growth in the ground support equipment and ~~appliance~~filter medical businesses.

◦International organic revenue decreased ~~9.0%~~5.9% primarily due to a decline in the ~~ground support equipment,~~Asia Pacific and Europe consumer packaging, appliance, strength films and ~~appliance~~graphics businesses, ~~in Europe and the strength film and appliance businesses in Asia Pacific,~~ partially offset by growth in Europe in the ~~specialty films and filter medical businesses in Europe.~~ground support equipment business.

•Operating margin of ~~26.6%~~25.6% decreased 100 basis points primarily driven by unfavorable ~~price/cost~~operating leverage of 70100 basis points, higher ~~overhead costs, including~~ employee-related expenses and ~~higher freight costs,~~product mix, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and ~~lower restructuring expenses.~~favorable price/cost of 100 basis points.

OTHER FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

•Interest expense ~~was~~in the first quarter of 2023 increased to $60 million versus $48 million in the first quarter of 2022 ~~versus $52 million in the first quarter of 2021. Interest expense in 2022 was $4 million lower than 2021~~ primarily due to higher average outstanding commercial paper and higher interest rates, partially offset by the repayment of notes due ~~September 15, 2021 and~~ May 20, 2022. Refer to Note 8.7. Debt in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding the repayment of notes.

•Other income (expense) was income of ~~$14~~$10 million in the first quarter of ~~2022, an increase~~2023, a decrease of $2$4 million compared to the first quarter of ~~2021~~2022 primarily due to higher ~~other net periodic benefit income in 2022, partially offset by~~ foreign currency translation losses, ~~in 2022 compared to foreign currency translation gains in 2021.~~partially offset by higher interest income.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's primary sources of liquidity are free cash flow and short-term credit facilities. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company had ~~$1.3~~$1.1 billion of cash and equivalents on hand and no outstanding borrowings under its $~~2.5~~3.0 billion revolving credit facility. The Company also has maintained strong access to public debt markets. Management believes that these sources are sufficient to service debt and to finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, which include:

•internal investments to support organic growth and sustain core businesses;

•payment of an attractive dividend to shareholders; and

•external investments in selective strategic acquisitions that support the Company's organic growth focus ~~such as the recently completed acquisition of the MTS Test & Simulation business,~~ and an active ~~share~~stock repurchase program. ~~Refer to Note 3. MTS Test & Simulation Acquisition in Item 1. Financial Statements for further information regarding this acquisition.~~

The Company believes that, based on its operating revenue, operating margin, free cash flow, and credit ratings, it could readily obtain additional financing, if necessary.

Cash Flow

The Company uses free cash flow to measure cash flow generated by operations that is available for dividends, ~~share~~stock repurchases, acquisitions and debt repayment. The Company believes this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors in evaluating the Company's financial performance and measures the Company's ability to generate cash internally to fund Company initiatives. Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities less additions to plant and equipment. Free cash flow is a measurement that is not the same as net cash flow from operating activities per the statement of cash flows and may not be consistent with similarly titled measures used by other companies. Summarized cash flow information for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


		Three Months Ended					Three Months Ended
		March 31,					March 31,
In millions	In millions	2022		2021		In millions	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	323	$	609	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	728	$	323
Additions to plant and equipment	Additions to plant and equipment	(74)		(68)		Additions to plant and equipment	(113)		(74)
Free cash flow	Free cash flow	$	249	$	541	Free cash flow	$	615	$	249

Cash dividends paid	Cash dividends paid	$	(382)	$	(361)	Cash dividends paid	$	(400)	$	(382)
Repurchases of common stock	Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(250)		Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(375)
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	(2)		—		Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	—		(2)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	564		—		Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	709		564
Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	357		—		Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months	—		357
Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(656)		—		Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	(138)		(656)
Other, net	Other, net	6		20		Other, net	21		6
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents	8		(30)		Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents	3		8
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	$	(231)	$	(80)	Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	$	435	$	(231)

Free cash flow ~~decreased~~was lower in the first quarter of 2022 due to higher working capital investments to support revenue growth, including increased inventory levels to help mitigate supply chain risk and sustain customer service levels.

Stock Repurchase Program

On August 3, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2018 Program"). Under the 2018 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 6.7 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $158.11 per share during 2019, approximately 4.2 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $167.69 per share during 2020, approximately ~~1.2~~4.4 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $211.50 in the first quarter of 2021, approximately 1.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $233.29 in the second quarter of 2021, approximately 1.0 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $229.03 in the third quarter of 2021, approximately 1.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $237.11 in the fourth quarter of$227.29 during 2021 and approximately 1.2 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $216.62 in the first quarter of 2022. The 2018 Program was completed in the first quarter of 2022.

On May 7, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2021 Program"). Under the 2021 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 0.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $209.29 in the first quarter of ~~2022.~~2022, approximately 1.8 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $205.03 in the second quarter of 2022, approximately 2.4 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $204.54 in the third quarter of 2022, approximately 2.3 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $221.59 in the fourth quarter of 2022, and approximately 1.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $233.62 in the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, there were ~~$2.9~~approximately $1.1 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2021 Program.

After-tax Return on Average Invested Capital

The Company uses after-tax return on average invested capital ("After-tax ROIC") to measure the effectiveness of its operations' use of invested capital to generate profits. After-tax ROIC is not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). After-tax ROIC is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company's ability to generate returns from cash invested in its operations and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate After-tax ROIC. The Company defines After-tax ROIC as operating income after taxes divided by average invested capital, which is annualized when presented in interim periods. Operating income after taxes is a non-GAAP measure consisting of net income before interest expense and other income (expense), on an after-tax basis, which are excluded as they do not represent returns generated by the Company's operations. Total invested capital represents the net assets of the Company, other than cash and equivalents and outstanding debt which do not represent capital investment in the Company's operations. The most comparable GAAP measure to operating income after taxes is net income. Net income to average invested capital and After-tax ROIC for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were as follows:


		Three Months Ended							Three Months Ended
		March 31,							March 31,
Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	2022			2021			Dollars in millions	2023			2022
Numerator:	Numerator:							Numerator:
Net Income	Net Income	$	662		$	671		Net Income	$	714		$	662
Interest expense, net of tax (1)	Interest expense, net of tax (1)	37			40			Interest expense, net of tax (1)	46			37
Other (income) expense, net of tax (1)	Other (income) expense, net of tax (1)	(11)			(9)			Other (income) expense, net of tax (1)	(8)			(11)
Operating income after taxes	Operating income after taxes	$	688		$	702		Operating income after taxes	$	752		$	688

Denominator:	Denominator:							Denominator:
Invested capital:	Invested capital:							Invested capital:
Cash and equivalents	Cash and equivalents	$	1,296		$	2,484		Cash and equivalents	$	1,143		$	1,296
Trade receivables	Trade receivables	3,126			2,662			Trade receivables	3,201			3,126
Inventories	Inventories	1,883			1,292			Inventories	2,000			1,883
Net assets held for sale								Net assets held for sale	9			—
Net plant and equipment	Net plant and equipment	1,795			1,746			Net plant and equipment	1,885			1,795
Goodwill and intangible assets	Goodwill and intangible assets	5,883			5,379			Goodwill and intangible assets	5,622			5,883
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(2,237)			(1,850)			Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(2,103)			(2,237)
Debt	Debt	(7,858)			(7,949)			Debt	(8,380)			(7,858)
Other, net	Other, net	(306)			(488)			Other, net	(276)			(306)
Total net assets (stockholders' equity)	Total net assets (stockholders' equity)	3,582			3,276			Total net assets (stockholders' equity)	3,101			3,582
Cash and equivalents	Cash and equivalents	(1,296)			(2,484)			Cash and equivalents	(1,143)			(1,296)
Debt	Debt	7,858			7,949			Debt	8,380			7,858
Total invested capital	Total invested capital	$	10,144		$	8,741		Total invested capital	$	10,338		$	10,144

Average invested capital (2)	Average invested capital (2)	$	9,966		$	8,740		Average invested capital (2)	$	10,241		$	9,966

Net income to average invested capital (3)	Net income to average invested capital (3)	26.6		%	30.7		%	Net income to average invested capital (3)	27.9		%	26.6		%
After-tax return on average invested capital (3)	After-tax return on average invested capital (3)	27.6		%	32.1		%	After-tax return on average invested capital (3)	29.4		%	27.6		%

(1) Effective tax rate used for interest expense and other (income) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 22.6% and ~~2021 was~~ 23.1% ~~and 22.4%~~, respectively.

(2) Average invested capital is calculated using the total invested capital balances at the start of the period and at the end of the periods presented.

(3)Returns for the three months ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 were converted to an annual rate by multiplying the calculated return by 4.

Working Capital

Management uses working capital as a measurement of the short-term liquidity of the Company. Net working capital as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 is summarized as follows:


In millions	In millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Increase/ (Decrease)		In millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Increase/ (Decrease)
Current assets:	Current assets:							Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	Cash and equivalents	$	1,296	$	1,527	$	(231)	Cash and equivalents	$	1,143	$	708	$	435
Trade receivables	Trade receivables	3,126		2,840		286		Trade receivables	3,201		3,171		30
Inventories	Inventories	1,883		1,694		189		Inventories	2,000		2,054		(54)
Other		377		313		64
Prepaid expenses and other current assets								Prepaid expenses and other current assets	334		329		5
Assets held for sale								Assets held for sale	10		8		2
Total current assets	Total current assets	6,682		6,374		308		Total current assets	6,688		6,270		418
Current liabilities:	Current liabilities:							Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	1,041		778		263		Short-term debt	2,870		1,590		1,280
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	Accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,237		2,233		4		Accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,103		2,322		(219)
Liabilities held for sale								Liabilities held for sale	1		1		—
Other	Other	580		459		121		Other	622		547		75
Total current liabilities	Total current liabilities	3,858		3,470		388		Total current liabilities	5,596		4,460		1,136
Net working capital	Net working capital	$	2,824	$	2,904	$	(80)	Net working capital	$	1,092	$	1,810	$	(718)

As of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, a significant portion of the Company's cash and equivalents was held by international subsidiaries. Cash and equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the U.S. Cash and equivalents held internationally are typically used for international operating needs or reinvested to fund expansion of existing international businesses. International funds may also be used to fund international acquisitions or, if not considered permanently invested, may be repatriated to the U.S. The Company has accrued for foreign withholding taxes related to foreign held cash and equivalents that are not permanently invested.

In the U.S., the Company utilizes cash flows from operations to fund domestic cash needs and the Company's capital allocation priorities. This includes operating needs of the U.S. businesses, dividend payments, ~~share~~stock repurchases, acquisitions, servicing of domestic debt obligations, reinvesting to fund expansion of existing U.S. businesses and general corporate needs. The Company may also use its commercial paper program, which is ~~backed~~supported by a long-term credit facility, for short-term liquidity needs. The Company believes cash generated by operations and liquidity provided by the Company's commercial paper program will continue to be sufficient to fund cash requirements in the U.S.

Debt

Total debt as of March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


In millions	In millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		In millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt	Short-term debt	$	1,041	$	778	Short-term debt	$	2,870	$	1,590
Long-term debt	Long-term debt	6,817		6,909		Long-term debt	5,510		6,173
Total debt	Total debt	$	7,858	$	7,687	Total debt	$	8,380	$	7,763

In 2022, the $568 million of 1.75% Euro notes due May 20, 2022 ~~which~~ were redeemed in full at face value on February 22, 2022.

Total Debt to EBITDA

The Company uses the ratio of total debt to EBITDA as a measure of its ability to repay its outstanding debt obligations. EBITDA and the ratio of total debt to EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes that total debt to EBITDA is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company's long term financial liquidity and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate total debt to EBITDA. The ratio of total debt to EBITDA represents total debt divided by net income before interest expense, other income (expense), income taxes, depreciation, and amortization and impairment of intangible assets on a trailing twelve month basis. Total debt to EBITDA for the trailing twelve month periods ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and December 31, ~~2021~~2022 was as follows:


Dollars in millions	Dollars in millions	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		Dollars in millions	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total debt	Total debt	$	7,858	$	7,687	Total debt	$	8,380	$	7,763

Net income	Net income	$	2,685	$	2,694	Net income	$	3,086	$	3,034
Add:	Add:					Add:
Interest expense	Interest expense	198		202		Interest expense	215		203
Other income		(53)		(51)
Other (income) expense						Other (income) expense	(251)		(255)
Income taxes	Income taxes	637		632		Income taxes	817		808
Depreciation	Depreciation	282		277		Depreciation	273		276
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	134		133		Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	130		134
EBITDA	EBITDA	$	3,883	$	3,887	EBITDA	$	4,270	$	4,200
Total debt to EBITDA ratio	Total debt to EBITDA ratio	2.0		2.0		Total debt to EBITDA ratio	2.0		1.8

Stockholders' Equity

The changes to stockholders' equity during the three months ended ~~March 31, 2022~~2023 were as follows:


In millions
Total stockholders' equity, December 31, ~~2021~~2022	$	~~3,626~~3,089
Net income	~~662~~714
Repurchases of common stock	(375)
Dividends declared	~~(380)~~(398)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	2637
Other, net	2334
Total stockholders' equity, March 31, ~~2022~~2023	$	~~3,582~~3,101

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "plans," "intend," "may," "strategy," "prospects," "estimate," "will," "should," "could," "project," "target," "anticipate," "guidance," "forecast," and other similar words, and may include, without limitation, statements regarding the duration and potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and global supply chain challenges, related government actions and the Company's strategy in response thereto on the Company's business, future financial and operating performance, free cash flow, economic and regulatory conditions in various geographic regions including inflation, the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the timing and amount of benefits from the Company's enterprise strategy initiatives, the timing and amount of dividends and ~~share~~stock repurchases, the protection of the Company's intellectual property, the likelihood of future goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges, the impact of adopting new accounting pronouncements, the adequacy of internally generated funds and credit facilities to service debt and finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, the sufficiency of U.S. generated cash to fund cash requirements in the U.S., the cost and availability of additional financing, the availability of raw materials and energy

and the impact of raw material cost inflation, ~~enterprise initiatives,~~ the Company's portion of future benefit payments related to pension and other postretirement benefits, the Company's information technology infrastructure, potential acquisitions and divestitures and the expected performance of acquired businesses and impact of divested businesses, the impact of U.S. and global tax legislation and the estimated timing and amount related to the resolution of tax matters, the cost of compliance with environmental

regulations, the impact of failure of the Company's employees to comply with applicable laws and regulations, and the outcome of outstanding legal proceedings. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Important risks that may influence future results include (1) the COVID-19 pandemic and other pandemics or public health crises, related government actions and the Company's strategy in response thereto, (2) weaknesses or downturns in the markets served by the Company, (3) changes or deterioration in international and domestic political and economic conditions, such as the ~~Russian invasion of~~Russia and Ukraine conflict or U.S.-China trade relations and the impact of related economic and other sanctions, ~~imposed on Russia,~~ (4) the unfavorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations, (5) the ~~timing and amount of benefits from the~~ Company's enterprise strategy initiatives ~~and their~~may not have the desired impact on organic revenue growth, (6) market conditions and cost and availability of financing to fund the Company's ~~share~~stock repurchases, (7) a delay or decrease in the introduction of new products into the Company's product lines, (8) any failure to protect the Company's intellectual property, (9) potential negative impact of impairments to goodwill and other intangible assets on the Company's return on invested capital, financial condition or results of operations, (10) raw material price increases and supply shortages or delays, (11) financial market risks to the Company's obligations under its defined benefit pension plans, (12) negative effects of service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks, ~~network~~ security breaches of our technology networks and systems or those of our vendors and third-party service providers, or violations of data privacy laws, (13) the potential negative impact of acquisitions on the Company's profitability and returns, (14) potential negative effects of divestitures, including retained liabilities and unknown contingent liabilities, (15) impact of tax legislation and regulatory action and changing tax rates, (16) potential adverse outcomes in legal proceedings or enforcement actions, (17) uncertainties related to environmental regulation and the physical risks of climate change, ~~and~~ (18) potential failure of the Company's employees, agents or business partners to comply with ~~anti-corruption,~~anti-bribery, competition, import/export, trade sanctions, data privacy, human rights and other ~~laws.~~laws, and (19) increases in inflation or interest rates and the possibility of economic recession. A more detailed description of these risks is contained under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2021.~~2022. These risks are not ~~all inclusive~~all-inclusive and given these and other possible risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.

Any forward-looking statements made by ITW speak only as of the date on which they are made. ITW is under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise.

ITW practices fair disclosure for all interested parties. Investors should be aware that while ITW regularly communicates with securities analysts and other investment professionals, it is against ITW's policy to disclose to them any material non-public information or other confidential commercial information. Investors should not assume that ITW agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(e)) as of March 31, ~~2022.~~2023. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, ~~2022,~~2023, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

In connection with the evaluation by management, including the Company's Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 were identified that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

None. The Company's threshold for disclosing environmental legal proceedings involving a governmental authority where potential monetary sanctions are involved is $1 million.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

The Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks which could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. Refer to the description of the Company's risk factors previously disclosed in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors in the Company's ~~2021~~2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described therein.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

~~Share~~Stock repurchase activity for the first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 was as follows:


In millions except per share amounts	In millions except per share amounts							In millions except per share amounts
Period	Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Maximum Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs		Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs	Maximum Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs
January 2022		—	$	—	—	$	3,240
February 2022		1.2	$	216.58	1.2	$	2,990
March 2022		0.6	$	208.79	0.6	$	2,865
January 2023								January 2023	—	$	—	—	$	1,490
February 2023								February 2023	0.5	$	235.00	0.5	$	1,365
March 2023								March 2023	1.1	$	232.94	1.1	$	1,115
Total	Total	1.8			1.8			Total	1.6			1.6

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Index


Exhibit Number						Exhibit Description

31						Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications.

32						Section 1350 Certification.

101						The following financial and related information from the Illinois Tool Works Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2022~~2023 is formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) and submitted electronically herewith: (i) Statement of Income, (ii) Statement of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Statement of Financial Position, (iv) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) Statement of Cash Flows, and (vi) related Notes to Financial Statements.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC.

Dated:	May ~~5, 2022~~4, 2023	By:	/s/ Randall J. Scheuneman
			Randall J. Scheuneman
			Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer
			(Principal Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

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