UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X]☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2018June 30, 2019
OR
[ ]☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 0-1088
KELLY SERVICES, INC.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWAREDelaware 38-1510762
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


999 WEST BIG BEAVER ROAD, TROY, MICHIGANWest Big Beaver Road, Troy, Michigan 48084
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Address of principal executive offices)  (Zip Code)


(248) 362-4444
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


No Change
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X]☒ No [  ]☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes [X]☒ No [  ]☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [  ]☒Accelerated filer [X]☐
Non-accelerated filer [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)☐Smaller reporting company [  ]☐
Emerging growth company [  ]☐ 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [  ]☐ No [X]☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each
class		Trading
Symbols		Name of each exchange
on which registered
Class A CommonKELYANASDAQ Global Market
Class B CommonKELYBNASDAQ Global Market
At July 30, 2018, 35,372,58429, 2019, 35,660,773 shares of Class A and 3,431,9723,428,863 shares of Class B common stock of the Registrant were outstanding.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
 Page Number
  
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
3
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited).
3
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
4
  
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited).
4
Consolidated Balance SheetsStatements of Earnings
4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
5
  
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' EquityBalance Sheets
76
  
Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsStockholders' Equity
8
  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Cash Flows
9
  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
2430
  
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
3743
  
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
3844
  
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
3844
  
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
3844
  
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
3844
  
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
3945
  
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
3945
  
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
3945
  
Item 5. Other Information.
3945
  
Item 6. Exhibits.
3945
  
SIGNATURES
4046


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions of dollars except per share data)
 
13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended
July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		 July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018		 June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018
Revenue from services$1,386.9
 $1,333.6
 $2,756.8
 $2,623.3
$1,367.5
 $1,386.9
 $2,750.1
 $2,756.8
              
Cost of services1,146.4
 1,104.8
 2,278.1
 2,162.9
1,123.5
 1,146.4
 2,254.5
 2,278.1
              
Gross profit240.5
 228.8
 478.7
 460.4
244.0
 240.5
 495.6
 478.7
              
Selling, general and administrative expenses220.1
 208.5
 446.3
 423.7
221.5
 220.1
 456.3
 446.3
              
Gain on sale of assets12.3
 —
 12.3
 —
       
Earnings from operations20.4
 20.3
 32.4
 36.7
34.8
 20.4
 51.6
 32.4
              
Loss on investment in Persol Holdings(52.5) —
 (28.8) —
Gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings61.2
 (52.5) 74.4
 (28.8)
              
Other income (expense), net0.6
 (0.5) (1.1) (2.1)0.2
 0.6
 (0.9) (1.1)
              
Earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate(31.5) 19.8
 2.5
 34.6
96.2
 (31.5) 125.1
 2.5
              
Income tax (benefit) expense(15.6) 1.5
 (9.2) 4.2
Income tax expense (benefit)12.7
 (15.6) 19.1
 (9.2)
              
Net earnings (loss) before equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate(15.9) 18.3
 11.7
 30.4
83.5
 (15.9) 106.0
 11.7
              
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate0.5
 0.4
 2.0
 0.5
0.3
 0.5
 (0.1) 2.0
              
Net earnings (loss)$(15.4) $18.7
 $13.7
 $30.9
$83.8
 $(15.4) $105.9
 $13.7
              
Basic earnings (loss) per share$(0.40) $0.48
 $0.35
 $0.79
$2.12
 $(0.40) $2.69
 $0.35
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$(0.40) $0.47
 $0.35
 $0.78
$2.12
 $(0.40) $2.68
 $0.35
              
Dividends per share$0.075
 $0.075
 $0.15
 $0.15
       
Average shares outstanding (millions):     
  
     
  
Basic38.8
 38.3
 38.7
 38.3
39.1
 38.8
 39.0
 38.7
Diluted38.8
 38.8
 38.8
 38.7
39.2
 38.8
 39.2
 38.8
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions of dollars)
 
13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended
July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		 July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018		 June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018
Net earnings (loss)$(15.4) $18.7
 $13.7
 $30.9
Net earnings$83.8
 $(15.4) $105.9
 $13.7
              
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:              
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax expense of $0.6, $0.0, $0.6 and $0.1, respectively(14.8) 6.9
 (0.8) 12.6
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax expense of $0.0, $0.6, $0.1 and $0.6, respectively6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
Less: Reclassification adjustments included in net earnings—
 —
 —
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
Foreign currency translation adjustments(14.8) 6.9
 (0.8) 12.6
6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
       
Unrealized gains on investment, net of tax expense of $0.4 and $9.0 in 2017, respectively—
 0.9
 —
 19.8
              
Other comprehensive income (loss)(14.8) 7.8
 (0.8) 32.4
6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
              
Comprehensive income (loss)$(30.2) $26.5
 $12.9
 $63.3
$90.7
 $(30.2) $111.3
 $12.9
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions) 
ASSETSJuly 1,
2018		 December 31,
2017
CURRENT ASSETS:   
June 30,
2019		 December 30,
2018
Assets   
Current Assets   
Cash and equivalents$33.9
 $32.5
$37.2
 $35.3
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $13.1 and $12.9, respectively1,248.9
 1,286.7
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $12.1 and $13.2, respectively1,273.6
 1,293.3
Prepaid expenses and other current assets64.5
 65.1
82.1
 71.9
Total current assets1,347.3
 1,384.3
1,392.9
 1,400.5
      
NONCURRENT ASSETS:   
Noncurrent Assets   
Property and equipment:      
Property and equipment292.7
 291.8
300.3
 294.7
Accumulated depreciation(208.0) (205.7)(216.9) (208.4)
Net property and equipment84.7
 86.1
83.4
 86.3
Operating lease right-of-use assets66.9
 —
Deferred taxes191.7
 183.4
217.5
 198.7
Goodwill107.3
 107.1
127.8
 107.3
Investment in Persol Holdings203.2
 228.1
213.7
 135.1
Investment in equity affiliate122.0
 117.4
122.0
 121.3
Other assets278.4
 271.8
318.1
 265.2
Total noncurrent assets987.3
 993.9
1,149.4
 913.9
      
TOTAL ASSETS$2,334.6
 $2,378.2
Total Assets$2,542.3
 $2,314.4
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions) 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYJuly 1,
2018		 December 31,
2017
CURRENT LIABILITIES:   
June 30,
2019		 December 30,
2018
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity   
Current Liabilities   
Short-term borrowings$1.7
 $10.2
$19.3
 $2.2
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities505.5
 537.7
513.7
 540.6
Operating lease liabilities20.3
 —
Accrued payroll and related taxes284.7
 287.4
283.5
 266.0
Accrued insurance25.3
 25.7
Accrued workers’ compensation and other claims25.1
 26.0
Income and other taxes60.7
 65.2
69.2
 62.7
Total current liabilities877.9
 926.2
931.1
 897.5
      
NONCURRENT LIABILITIES:   
Accrued insurance49.2
 49.9
Noncurrent Liabilities   
Operating lease liabilities49.3
 —
Accrued workers’ compensation and other claims48.8
 50.5
Accrued retirement benefits182.2
 178.1
178.0
 162.9
Other long-term liabilities64.4
 72.5
66.9
 44.0
Total noncurrent liabilities295.8
 300.5
343.0
 257.4
      
Commitments and contingencies (see contingencies footnote)

 

Commitments and contingencies (see Contingencies footnote)


 


      
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:   
Stockholders’ Equity   
Capital stock, $1.00 par value      
Class A common stock, shares issued 36.6 at 2018 and 201736.6
 36.6
Class B common stock, shares issued 3.5 at 2018 and 20173.5
 3.5
Class A common stock, 100.0 shares authorized; 36.6 shares issued at 2019 and 201836.6
 36.6
Class B common stock, 10.0 shares authorized; 3.5 shares issued at 2019 and 20183.5
 3.5
Treasury stock, at cost      
Class A common stock,1.3 shares at 2018 and 1.7 shares at 2017(26.8) (34.6)
Class A common stock, 1.0 shares at 2019 and 1.2 shares at 2018(20.9) (25.4)
Class B common stock(0.6) (0.6)(0.6) (0.6)
Paid-in capital23.4
 32.2
23.2
 24.4
Earnings invested in the business1,134.8
 983.6
1,238.1
 1,138.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(10.0) 130.8
(11.7) (17.1)
Total stockholders’ equity1,160.9
 1,151.5
1,268.2
 1,159.5
      
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY$2,334.6
 $2,378.2
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$2,542.3
 $2,314.4
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions of dollars)
13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended13 Weeks Ended 26 Weeks Ended
July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		 July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018		 June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018
Capital Stock              
Class A common stock              
Balance at beginning of period$36.6
 $36.6
 $36.6
 $36.6
$36.6
 $36.6
 $36.6
 $36.6
Conversions from Class B—
 —
 —
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
Balance at end of period36.6
 36.6
 36.6
 36.6
36.6
 36.6
 36.6
 36.6
              
Class B common stock              
Balance at beginning of period3.5
 3.5
 3.5
 3.5
3.5
 3.5
 3.5
 3.5
Conversions to Class A—
 —
 —
 —
—
 —
 —
 —
Balance at end of period3.5
 3.5
 3.5
 3.5
3.5
 3.5
 3.5
 3.5
              
Treasury Stock              
Class A common stock              
Balance at beginning of period(27.3) (37.5) (34.6) (38.4)(21.3) (27.3) (25.4) (34.6)
Issuance of stock awards0.5
 0.5
 7.8
 1.4
Net issuance of stock awards0.4
 0.5
 4.5
 7.8
Balance at end of period(26.8) (37.0) (26.8) (37.0)(20.9) (26.8) (20.9) (26.8)
              
Class B common stock              
Balance at beginning of period(0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6)(0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6)
Issuance of stock awards—
 —
 —
 —
Net issuance of stock awards—
 —
 —
 —
Balance at end of period(0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6)(0.6) (0.6) (0.6) (0.6)
              
Paid-in Capital              
Balance at beginning of period21.1
 31.5
 32.2
 28.6
21.0
 21.1
 24.4
 32.2
Issuance of stock awards2.3
 (0.4) (8.8) 2.5
Net issuance of stock awards2.2
 2.3
 (1.2) (8.8)
Balance at end of period23.4
 31.1
 23.4
 31.1
23.2
 23.4
 23.2
 23.4
              
Earnings Invested in the Business              
Balance at beginning of period1,153.2
 932.9
 983.6
 923.6
1,157.2
 1,153.2
 1,138.1
 983.6
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—
 —
 140.0
 —
—
 —
 —
 140.0
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue—
 —
 3.4
 —
—
 —
 —
 3.4
Net earnings (loss)(15.4) 18.7
 13.7
 30.9
Net earnings83.8
 (15.4) 105.9
 13.7
Dividends(3.0) (2.9) (5.9) (5.8)(2.9) (3.0) (5.9) (5.9)
Balance at end of period1,134.8
 948.7
 1,134.8
 948.7
1,238.1
 1,134.8
 1,238.1
 1,134.8
              
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)              
Balance at beginning of period4.8
 83.3
 130.8
 58.7
(18.6) 4.8
 (17.1) 130.8
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—
 —
 (140.0) —
—
 —
 —
 (140.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(14.8) 7.8
 (0.8) 32.4
6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
Balance at end of period(10.0) 91.1
 (10.0) 91.1
(11.7) (10.0) (11.7) (10.0)
              
Stockholders’ Equity at end of period$1,160.9
 $1,073.4
 $1,160.9
 $1,073.4
$1,268.2
 $1,160.9
 $1,268.2
 $1,160.9
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions of dollars)
26 Weeks Ended26 Weeks Ended
July 1,
2018		 July 2,
2017		June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net earnings$13.7
 $30.9
$105.9
 $13.7
Noncash adjustments:   
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities:   
Depreciation and amortization12.9
 10.6
15.6
 12.9
Operating lease asset amortization11.5
 —
Provision for bad debts1.5
 2.9
1.8
 1.5
Stock-based compensation4.7
 4.2
5.2
 4.7
Loss on investment in Persol Holdings28.8
 —
(Gain) loss on investment in Persol Holdings(74.4) 28.8
(Gain) loss on sale of assets(12.3) —
Equity in net (earnings) loss of PersolKelly Asia Pacific0.1
 (2.0)
Other, net(2.6) (0.5)(0.6) (0.6)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities(25.8) (3.7)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions20.7
 (25.8)
      
Net cash from operating activities33.2
 44.4
73.5
 33.2
      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Capital expenditures(10.3) (7.3)(8.7) (10.3)
Acquisition of companies, net of cash received(86.4) —
Proceeds from sale of assets13.8
 —
Proceeds from company-owned life insurance3.0
 —
Other investing activities(0.6) —
(1.3) (0.6)
      
Net cash used in investing activities(10.9) (7.3)(79.6) (10.9)
      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Net change in short-term borrowings(8.4) 0.7
17.1
 (8.4)
Dividend payments(5.9) (5.8)(5.9) (5.9)
Payments of tax withholding for stock awards(6.2) (0.5)(2.3) (6.2)
Other financing activities—
 (0.1)(0.3) —
      
Net cash used in financing activities(20.5) (5.7)
Net cash from (used in) financing activities8.6
 (20.5)
      
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(0.1) (0.2)(0.1) (0.1)
      
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash1.7
 31.2
2.4
 1.7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period36.9
 34.3
40.1
 36.9
      
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (1)
$38.6
 $65.5
$42.5
 $38.6









KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions of dollars)

(1) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the amounts reported in our
consolidated balance sheets:
26 Weeks Ended
June 30,
2019		 July 1,
2018
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:      
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents$33.9
 $60.8
$37.2
 $33.9
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets0.3
 0.3
0.4
 0.3
Noncurrent assets:      
Restricted cash included in other assets4.4
 4.4
4.9
 4.4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$38.6
 $65.5
$42.5
 $38.6
See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)


1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Kelly Services, Inc. (the “Company,” “Kelly,” “we” or “us”) have been prepared in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X and do not include all the information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods, have been made. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for a full year. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,30, 2018, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20,14, 2019 (the 2018 (the 2017 consolidated financial statements). The Company’s second fiscal quarter ended on June 30, 2019 (2019) and July 1, 2018 (2018) and July 2, 2017 (2017), each of which contained 13 weeks. The corresponding June year to date periods for 20182019 and 20172018 each contained 26 weeks.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years’year’s consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.


2. Revenue
Adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605.


We recorded a net increase to opening earnings invested in the business of $3.4 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606. The impact is primarily driven by the deferral of contract costs related to our customer contracts of $5.2 million, partially offset by deferring revenue billed at a point in time for services performed over time of $0.6 million and a deferred tax liability of $1.2 million. As of and for the three and six month periods ended July 1,year to date 2018, the consolidated financial statements were not materially impacted as a result of the application of Topic 606 compared to Topic 605.


Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Our revenues are recorded net of any sales, value added, or similar taxes collected from our customers.

We generate revenue from: the hourly sales of services by our temporary employees to customers (“staffing solutions” revenue), the recruiting of permanent employees for our customers (“permanent placement” revenue), and through our talent fulfillment and outcome-based activities (“talent solutions” and “outcome-based services” revenue).

We record revenues from sales of services and the related direct costs in accordance with the accounting guidance on reporting revenue gross as a principal versus net as an agent. When Kelly is the principal, we demonstrate control over the service by being the employer of record for the individuals performing the service, by being primarily responsible to our customers and by having a level of discretion in establishing pricing in which the gross amount is recorded as revenues. When Kelly arranges for other contingent labor suppliers and/or service providers to perform services for the customer, we do not control those services before they are transferred, and therefore, the amounts billed to our customers are net of the amounts paid to the secondary suppliers/service providers and the net amount is recorded as revenues.


Staffing Solutions Revenue

Staffing solutions can be branch-delivered (Americas and EMEA regions) or centrally-deliveredcentrally delivered (within Global Talent Solutions (“GTS”)). Our Americas Staffing segment is organized to deliver services in a number of specialty staffing solutions, which are summarized as: commercial, specialized professional/technical (“PT”) and educational staffing. Staffing solutions

9
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

contracts are short-term in nature. Billings are generally negotiated and invoiced on a per-hour or per-unit basis as the temporary staffing services are transferred to the customer. Revenue from the majority of our staffing solutions services continues to be recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the services we provide. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize revenue for these services over the term of the agreement in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice the customer.


Permanent Placement Revenue

Permanent placement solutions can be branch-delivered (Americas and EMEA regions) or centrally-deliveredcentrally delivered (within GTS). Our permanent placement revenue is recorded at the point in timewhen the permanent placement candidate begins full-time employment. On the candidate start date, the customer accepts the candidate and can direct the use of the candidate as well as obtains the significant risk and rewards of the candidate.  As such, we consider this the point the control transfers to the customer.


Talent Solutions and Outcome-Based Services Revenue

In addition to centrally-deliveredcentrally delivered staffing services, our GTS segment also includes talent solutions (contingent workforce outsourcing “CWO”, payroll process outsourcing “PPO” and recruitment process outsourcing “RPO”) and outcome-based services (business process outsourcing “BPO”, KellyConnect, career transition/outplacement services and talent advisory services). Billings are generally negotiated and invoiced on a measure of time (hours, weeks, months) or per-unit basis for our services performed. We continue to recognize revenue from the majority of our talent solutions services and our outcome-based services over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the services we provide. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize revenue for these services over the term of the agreement in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice the customer.



10
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table presents our segment revenues disaggregated by service type (in millions):
  Second Quarter June Year to Date
  2019 2018 2019 2018
Branch-Delivered Staffing        
Americas Staffing        
Staffing Solutions        
Commercial $384.1
 $414.5
 $776.6
 $812.9
Educational Staffing 117.4
 110.0
 257.0
 240.1
Professional/Technical 87.3
 70.1
 172.8
 137.5
Permanent Placement 8.8
 9.4
 17.7
 17.8
Total Americas Staffing 597.6
 604.0
 1,224.1
 1,208.3
         
International Staffing        
Staffing Solutions 261.7
 279.1
 513.9
 556.0
Permanent Placement 6.4
 7.5
 13.1
 15.3
Total International Staffing 268.1
 286.6
 527.0
 571.3
         
Global Talent Solutions        
Talent Fulfillment        
Staffing Solutions 258.2
 288.3
 513.8
 572.5
Permanent Placement 0.5
 0.4
 0.8
 0.8
Talent Solutions 93.3
 88.9
 183.0
 173.9
Total Talent Fulfillment 352.0
 377.6
 697.6
 747.2
         
Outcome-Based Services 153.9
 123.1
 309.3
 239.3
Total Global Talent Solutions 505.9
 500.7
 1,006.9
 986.5
         
Total Intersegment (4.1) (4.4) (7.9) (9.3)
         
Total Revenue from Services $1,367.5
 $1,386.9
 $2,750.1
 $2,756.8

  Second Quarter June Year to Date
  2018 2018
Branch-Delivered Staffing    
Americas Staffing    
Staffing Solutions    
Commercial $414.5
 $812.9
Educational Staffing 110.0
 240.1
Professional/Technical 70.1
 137.5
Permanent Placement 9.4
 17.8
Total Americas Staffing 604.0
 1,208.3
     
International Staffing    
Staffing Solutions 279.1
 556.0
Permanent Placement 7.5
 15.3
Total International Staffing 286.6
 571.3
     
Global Talent Solutions    
Talent Fulfillment    
Staffing Solutions 288.3
 572.5
Permanent Placement 0.4
 0.8
Talent Solutions 88.9
 173.9
Total Talent Fulfillment 377.6
 747.2
     
Outcome-Based Services 123.1
 239.3
Total Global Talent Solutions 500.7
 986.5
     
Total Intersegment (4.4) (9.3)
     
Total Revenue from Services $1,386.9
 $2,756.8



11
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


Our operations are subject to different economic and regulatory environments depending on geographic location. Our GTS segment operates in the Americas, EMEA and APAC regions. In the second quarter of 20182019 and 2017,2018, GTS made up $483.9$488.4 million and $492.0$483.9 million in total Americas, respectively, $11.2$10.9 million and $9.0$11.2 million in total EMEA, respectively, and the entire balance in APAC. For June year to date in 20182019 and 2017,2018, GTS made up $952.5$972.8 million and $967.7$952.5 million in total Americas, respectively, $23.3$22.0 million and $16.4$23.3 million in total EMEA, respectively, and the entire balance in APAC.

The below table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography (in millions):
  Second Quarter June Year to Date
  2019 2018 2019 2018
Americas        
United States $991.3
 $981.2
 $2,010.2
 $1,955.9
Canada 33.2
 37.0
 66.2
 70.6
Mexico 29.7
 30.0
 57.2
 60.4
Puerto Rico 19.6
 26.2
 38.8
 46.0
Brazil 8.2
 9.0
 16.7
 18.5
Total Americas 1,082.0
 1,083.4
 2,189.1
 2,151.4
         
EMEA        
France 64.6
 72.0
 128.9
 143.9
Switzerland 49.9
 52.8
 99.4
 102.5
Portugal 46.7
 51.2
 91.5
 102.3
United Kingdom 30.5
 28.5
 56.7
 57.5
Russia 28.8
 25.6
 54.2
 51.7
Italy 20.7
 19.3
 41.3
 39.8
Ireland 10.9
 11.7
 21.0
 23.0
Germany 9.9
 14.8
 21.0
 31.2
Other 16.9
 22.0
 34.9
 42.8
Total EMEA 278.9
 297.9
 548.9
 594.7
         
Total APAC 6.6
 5.6
 12.1
 10.7
         
Total Kelly Services, Inc. $1,367.5
 $1,386.9
 $2,750.1
 $2,756.8

  Second Quarter June Year to Date
  2018 2017 2018 2017
Americas        
United States $981.2
 $970.1
 $1,955.9
 $1,925.7
Canada 37.0
 34.6
 70.6
 68.7
Mexico 30.0
 28.3
 60.4
 52.1
Puerto Rico 26.2
 17.6
 46.0
 35.3
Brazil 9.0
 12.7
 18.5
 26.0
Total Americas 1,083.4
 1,063.3
 2,151.4
 2,107.8
         
EMEA        
France 72.0
 68.3
 143.9
 129.1
Switzerland 52.8
 53.9
 102.5
 102.2
Portugal 51.2
 41.7
 102.3
 78.0
United Kingdom 28.5
 20.8
 57.5
 41.0
Russia 25.6
 24.0
 51.7
 46.8
Italy 19.3
 15.7
 39.8
 29.4
Germany 14.8
 14.6
 31.2
 27.8
Ireland 11.7
 7.4
 23.0
 15.1
Norway 9.2
 8.4
 17.6
 16.0
Other 12.8
 11.0
 25.2
 21.4
Total EMEA 297.9
 265.8
 594.7
 506.8
         
Total APAC 5.6
 4.5
 10.7
 8.7
         
Total Kelly Services, Inc. $1,386.9
 $1,333.6
 $2,756.8
 $2,623.3

Variable Consideration

Certain customers may receive cash-based incentives or credits, which are accounted for as a form of variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected or likely amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of such adjustment will not occur. Provisions for sales allowances (billing adjustments related to errors, service issues and compromises on billing disputes), based on historical experience, are recognized at the time the related sale is recognized as a reduction in revenue from services.

Payment Terms

Customer payments are typically due within 60 days of invoicing, but may be shorter or longer depending on contract terms. Management does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the services to the customer will be less than one year. We do not have any significant financing components or extended payment terms.


12
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Deferred Revenue

Items which are billed to the customer at a point in time, rather than billed over time as the services are delivered to the customer, are assessed for potential revenue deferral. At this time, the balance of the contract liability as well as the amount of revenue recognized in the reporting period that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period is not material.


Deferred Costs


SalesDeferred sales commissions are paid at initial contract inception and upon contract renewal by our sales team are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The sales commissions (and related fringe benefits such as taxes and benefits) are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over an appropriate period of benefit that we have determined to be contract duration. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts and other relevant factors. Anticipated renewal periods are not included in the amortization period of the initial commission. Amortization expense is included in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses on the consolidated statement of earnings. As a practical expedient, sales commissions with amortization periods of 12 months or less are expensed as incurred. These costs are recorded in SG&A expenses on the consolidated statement of earnings.

team. Deferred sales commissions, which are included in other assets onin the consolidated balance sheet, were $2.6$1.8 million as of second quarter-end 20182019 and $3.2$2.3 million as of January 1,year-end 2018. Amortization expense for the deferred costs for the second quarter and June year to date 2019 was $0.4 million and $0.8$0.9 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs for the second quarter and June year to date 2018 respectively. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the second quarter$0.4 million and June year to date 2018.$0.8 million, respectively.


Occasionally,Deferred fulfillment costs are incurred after obtaining a contract in order to generate a resource that will be used to provide our services. These costs are considered incremental and recoverable costs to fulfill our contract with the customer. These costs to fulfill a contract are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be the average length of assignment of the employees. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts, attrition rates and other relevant factors. Amortization expense is included in SG&A expenses on the consolidated statement of earnings.

Deferred fulfillment costs, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets onin the consolidated balance sheet, were $3.4$3.0 million as of second quarter-end 20182019 and $2.0 million as of January 1,year-end 2018. Amortization expense for the deferred costs for the second quarter and June year to date 2019 was $2.5$3.1 million and $4.6$6.5 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs for the second quarter and June year to date 2018 respectively. There was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized for the second quarter$2.5 million and June year to date 2018.$4.6 million, respectively.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

3. AcquisitionAcquisitions
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company acquired NextGen Global Resources LLC (“NextGen”) and Global Technology Associates, LLC (“GTA”), as detailed below. We have accounted for these acquisitions under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations.
NextGen Global Resources

On September 5, 2017, Kelly Services USA, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary ofJanuary 2, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the issuedmembership interests of NextGen, a leading provider of telecommunications, wireless and outstanding shares of Teachers On Call, Inc. (“TOC”), an educationalconnected technology staffing firm in the U.S.solutions, for a purchase price of $41.0$51.0 million. Under terms of the purchase agreement, the purchase price was adjusted for cash held by TOCNextGen at the closing date less anand estimated working capital adjustmentadjustments resulting in the Company paying cash of $39.0 million at closing. In$54.3 million. Due to the first quarterlimited amount of 2018,time that has passed since acquiring NextGen, the Company paid a working capital adjustment of $0.2 million, resulting in an increase of goodwill (see Goodwill footnote). The purchase price allocation for this acquisition is preliminary and could change, butchange.

This acquisition will increase our market share in the telecommunications, wireless and connected technology markets within our engineering solutions in the U.S. NextGen’s results of operations are included in the Americas Staffing segment for the 2019 second quarter and June year-to-date periods.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition (in millions of dollars):
Cash$3.5
Trade accounts receivable19.7
Other current assets0.3
Goodwill13.7
Intangibles21.5
Other noncurrent assets0.5
Current liabilities(4.9)
Purchase price paid, including working capital adjustments$54.3


Included in the assets purchased in the NextGen acquisition was approximately $21.5 million of intangible assets, made up of $12.9 million in customer relationships, $8.1 million associated with NextGen’s trade name and $0.5 million for non-compete agreements. The customer relationships will be finalized in September, 2018.

amortized over 10 years with no residual value, the trade name will be amortized over 15 years with no residual value and the non-compete agreements will be amortized over five years with no residual value. Goodwill generated from this acquisition is primarily attributable to expected synergies from combining operations andthe market potential as a staffing solutions provider to the expanding market potential,telecommunications industry, and is assigned to the Americas Staffing reporting unit. The amountunit (see Goodwill footnote). All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes is approximately $18.8 million aspurposes. 

Global Technology Associates

On January 2, 2019, in a separate transaction, the Company acquired 100% of the second quarter-end 2018. An indemnification assetmembership interests of $2.8 million was recognized asGTA, a leading provider of engineering, technology and business consulting solutions in the telecommunications industry, for a purchase price of $34.0 million. Under terms of the purchase agreement, the purchase price was adjusted for cash held by GTA at the closing date and estimated working capital adjustments resulting in the Company paying cash of $35.7 million. Due to the limited amount of time that has passed since acquiring GTA, the purchase price allocation for this acquisition date related to pre-acquisition tax liabilities. Asis preliminary and could change.

This acquisition will increase our market share in the engineering solutions market in the U.S. within the telecommunications and connectivity space. GTA’s results of operations are included in the GTS segment for the 2019 second quarter end 2018,and June year-to-date periods.


13
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


The following table summarizes the indemnification assetestimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition (in millions of dollars):
Cash$0.1
Trade accounts receivable13.9
Other current assets0.1
Goodwill6.8
Intangibles17.3
Other noncurrent assets0.4
Current liabilities(2.9)
Purchase price paid, including working capital adjustments$35.7


Included in the assets purchased in the GTA acquisition was approximately $17.3 million of intangible assets, made up of $12.1 million in customer relationships, $4.0 million associated with GTA’s trade name and $1.2 million for non-compete agreements. The customer relationships will be amortized over 10 years with no residual value, the trade name will be amortized over 15 years with no residual value and the non-compete agreements will be amortized over five years with no residual value. Goodwill generated from this acquisition is $0.1primarily attributable to the market potential as a solutions provider to the expanding telecommunications industry, and is assigned to the GTS reporting unit (see Goodwill footnote). All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Pro Forma Information

Our consolidated revenues and net earnings for the second quarter 2019 included $22.7 million with and $1.5 million, respectively, from NextGen and $16.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, from GTA. Our consolidated revenues and net earnings for June year to date 2019 included $42.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively, from NextGen and $32.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from GTA. The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the change driven by cash received fromoperating results as if the sellerNextGen and GTA acquisitions had been completed as of January 1, 2018 (in millions of dollars, except per share data):
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Pro forma revenues$1,367.5
 $1,410.9
 $2,750.1
 $2,801.3
Pro forma net earnings83.8
 (14.6) 105.9
 15.0
Pro forma basic earnings per share2.12
 (0.38) 2.69
 0.38
Pro forma diluted earnings per share2.12
 (0.38) 2.68
 0.38


Due to pay pre-acquisition tax liabilities.the date of the acquisitions, there were no adjustments for the second quarter and June year to date 2019 pro forma results. For the second quarter of 2018, NextGen pro forma revenues and net earnings were $15.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and GTA pro forma revenues and net earnings were $8.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For June year to date 2018, NextGen pro forma revenues and net earnings were $28.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and GTA pro forma revenues and net earnings were $16.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively.


The pro forma results for the second quarter and June year to date 2018 reflect amortization of the intangible assets, applicable taxes and adjustments for the accounting for revenue under ASC 606, none of which had a material impact on the pro forma results. The unaudited pro forma information presented has been prepared for comparative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the acquisitions occurred on the assumed dates, nor is it necessarily an indication of future operating results.

KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

4. Investment in Persol Holdings


The Company has a yen-denominated investment in the common stock of Persol Holdings, a leading integrated human resource company in Japan and the Company’s joint venture partner in PersolKelly Asia Pacific. As our investment is a noncontrolling interest in Persol Holdings, this investment is recorded at fair value based on the quoted market price of Persol Holdings stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the period end (see Fair Value Measurements footnote). The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 and as a result, effective January 1, 2018, all changes in fair value on the investment are recognized in net earnings which previously were recorded in other comprehensive income.

Accordingly, for the second quarter-end and June year to date 2018, a loss on the investment of $52.5 million and $28.8 million, respectively, was recorded entirely in the Loss on Investment in Persol Holdings in the consolidated statements of earnings. During the second quarter-end and June year to date 2017, an unrealized gain, net of tax, of $0.9 million and $19.8 million, respectively, was recorded in other comprehensive income and in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity.(loss). A cumulative catch-up adjustment of the prior net unrealized gains previously recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), and in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, was recorded in earnings invested in the business as of January 1, 2018 for $140.0 million, net of $69.9 million of taxes.


For the second quarter and June year to date 2019, a gain on the investment of $61.2 million and $74.4 million, respectively, was recorded in gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings in the consolidated statements of earnings. For the second quarter and June year to date 2018, a loss on the investment of $52.5 million and $28.8 million, respectively, was recorded in gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings in the consolidated statements of earnings.

5.  Investment in Equity AffiliatePersolKelly Asia Pacific
The Company has a 49% ownership interest in PersolKelly Asia Pacific.Pacific, a staffing solutions business operating in more than 10 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The operating results of the Company’s interest in PersolKelly Asia Pacific are accounted for on a one-quarter lag under the equity method and are reported in the equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate in the consolidated statementstatements of earnings. This investment is evaluated for indicators of impairment on a periodic basis or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may be other-than-temporarily impaired. If we conclude that there is an other-than-temporary impairment of this equity investment, we will adjust the carrying amount of the investment to the current fair value.
The investment in equity affiliate on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet totaled $122.0 million as of second quarter-end 20182019 and $117.4$121.3 million as of year-end 2017.2018. The net amount due tofrom PersolKelly Asia Pacific, a related party, was $1.0$6.4 million as of the second quarter-end 20182019 and $2.3$10.2 million as of year-end 2017.2018. Included in both balances is a loan made to PersolKelly Asia Pacific in 2018 for $7.0 million to fund working capital requirements as a result of their sustained revenue growth, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The amount included in trade accounts payable for staffing services provided by PersolKelly Asia Pacific as a supplier to CWO programs was $1.7$0.0 million as of second quarter-end 20182019 and $2.5$0.2 million as of year-end 2017.2018.
Subsequent to the end of second quarter of 2019, the Company made loans, proportionate to its 49% ownership, totaling $4.4 million to PersolKelly Asia Pacific to fund additional working capital requirements.
6.  Fair Value Measurements
Trade accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued payroll and related taxes approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis onin the consolidated balance sheet as of second quarter-end 20182019 and year-end 20172018 by fair value hierarchy level, as described below.
Level 1 measurements consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs.

14
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
As of Second Quarter-End 2018		 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
As of Second Quarter-End 2019
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
 (In millions of dollars) (In millions of dollars)
Money market funds $13.6
 $13.6
 $—
 $—
 $4.8
 $4.8
 $—
 $—
Investment in Persol Holdings 203.2
 203.2
 —
 —
 213.7
 213.7
 —
 —
                
Total assets at fair value $216.8
 $216.8
 $—
 $—
 $218.5
 $218.5
 $—
 $—
  Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
As of Year-End 2018
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
  (In millions of dollars)
Money market funds $4.6
 $4.6
 $—
 $—
Investment in Persol Holdings 135.1
 135.1
 —
 —
         
Total assets at fair value $139.7
 $139.7
 $—
 $—
  Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
As of Year-End 2017
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
  (In millions of dollars)
Money market funds $4.3
 $4.3
 $—
 $—
Investment in Persol Holdings 228.1
 228.1
 —
 —
         
Total assets at fair value $232.4
 $232.4
 $—
 $—

Money market funds as of second quarter-end 2019 and year-end 2018 represents investments in money market accounts, of which $9.3 million is included in cash and equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and $4.3 million is restricted as to use and included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Money market funds as of year-end 2017 representsrepresent investments in money market accounts, all of which are restricted as to use and included as restricted cash withinin other assets onin the consolidated balance sheet. The money market funds that are restricted as to use account for the majority of our restricted cash balance and represents cash balances that are required to be maintained to fund disability claims in California. The valuations of money market funds were based on quoted market prices of those accounts as of the respective period end. 
The valuation of the investment in Persol Holdings is based on the quoted market price of Persol Holdings stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the period end. Effective January 1, 2018,end, and the related changes in fair value of this investment are recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings (see Investment in Persol Holdings footnote). In 2017, changes in fair value were recorded in other comprehensive income, and in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of this yen-denominated investment, which fluctuates based on foreign exchange rates, was $18.7$19.2 million as of the second quarter-end 20182019 and $18.4$18.8 million at year-end 2017.2018.


Equity Investment Without Readily Determinable Fair Value

The Company has a minority investment in Business Talent Group, LLC, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. This investment is measured using the measurement alternative for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. The measurement alternative represents cost, less impairment, plus or minus observable price changes. The carrying amount of $5.0 million as of the second quarter-end 2019 and year-end 2018 represents the purchase price. There have been no adjustments to the carrying amount or impairments.

During second quarter of 2019, the Company made an additional $1.0 million minority investment in Kenzie Academy Inc., which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. This investment is also measured using the measurement alternative for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value as described above. As of the second quarter end 2019, the investment totaled $1.3 million, representing total cost plus observable price changes to date.

7. Restructuring
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company took restructuring actions to transform operations in order to drive growth and operational effectiveness primarily in the U.S. branch-based staffing operations.
Restructuring costs incurred in 2019 totaled $5.7 million, all of which is within the Americas Staffing segment. The restructuring costs, which are all severance related, were recorded in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings.

KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

A summary of the global restructuring balance sheet accrual, included in accrued payroll and related taxes, is detailed below (in millions of dollars).
Balance as of year-end 2018$—
Additions charged to Americas Staffing6.3
Reductions for cash payments(0.2)
Balance as of first quarter-end 20196.1
Reductions for cash payments(3.1)
Accrual adjustments(0.6)
Balance as of second quarter-end 2019$2.4

The remaining balance of $2.4 million as of second quarter-end 2019 represents severance costs, and the majority is expected to be paid by the end of 2019. No material adjustments are expected to be recorded.

8. Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as of second quarter-end 20182019 are included in the table below. See AcquisitionAcquisitions footnote for a description of the changeadditions to goodwill in goodwill.
 As of Year-End 2017 Additions to Goodwill As of Second Quarter-End 2018
 (In millions of dollars)
Americas Staffing$44.6
 $0.2
 $44.8
Global Talent Solutions62.5
 —
 62.5
International Staffing—
 —
 —
 $107.1
 $0.2
 $107.3


the first quarter of 2019.
15
 As of Year-End 2018 Additions to Goodwill As of Second Quarter-End 2019
 (In millions of dollars)
Americas Staffing$44.8
 $13.7
 $58.5
Global Talent Solutions62.5
 6.8
 69.3
 $107.3
 $20.5
 $127.8


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


8.9.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, for the second quarter and June year to date 20182019 and 20172018 are included in the table below. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits. See Investment in Persol Holdings footnote for a description of the cumulative-effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-01.
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (In millions of dollars)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:       
Beginning balance$(17.2) $7.1
 $(15.7) $(6.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)6.9
 (14.8) 5.4
 (0.8)
Ending balance(10.3) (7.7) (10.3) (7.7)
        
Unrealized gains and losses on investment:       
Beginning balance—
 —
 —
 140.0
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—
 —
 —
 (140.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications—
 —
 —
 —
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 (140.0)
Ending balance—
 —
 —
 —
        
Pension liability adjustments:       
Beginning balance(1.4) (2.3) (1.4) (2.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications—
 —
 —
 —
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
Ending balance(1.4) (2.3) (1.4) (2.3)
        
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(11.7) $(10.0) $(11.7) $(10.0)

 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (In millions of dollars)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:       
Beginning balance$7.1
 $(17.6) $(6.9) $(23.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before classifications(14.8) 6.9
 (0.8) 12.6
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)(14.8) 6.9
 (0.8) 12.6
Ending balance(7.7) (10.7) (7.7) (10.7)
        
Unrealized gains and losses on investment:       
Beginning balance—
 102.7
 140.0
 83.8
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—
 —
 (140.0) —
Other comprehensive income (loss) before classifications—
 0.9
 —
 19.8
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)—
 0.9
 (140.0) 19.8
Ending balance—
 103.6
 —
 103.6
        
Pension liability adjustments:       
Beginning balance(2.3) (1.8) (2.3) (1.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before classifications—
 —
 —
 —
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income—
 —
 —
 —
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)—
 —
 —
 —
Ending balance(2.3) (1.8) (2.3) (1.8)
        
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)$(10.0) $91.1
 $(10.0) $91.1



16
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


9.10.  Earnings Per Share
The reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share on common stock for the second quarter and June year to date 20182019 and 20172018 follows (in millions of dollars except per share data):
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
Net earnings (loss)$83.8
 $(15.4) $105.9
 $13.7
Less: earnings allocated to participating securities(0.8) —
 (1.0) (0.2)
Net earnings (loss) available to common shareholders$83.0
 $(15.4) $104.9
 $13.5
        
Average shares outstanding (millions):       
Basic39.1
 38.8
 39.0
 38.7
Dilutive share awards0.1
 —
 0.2
 0.1
Diluted39.2
 38.8
 39.2
 38.8
        
Basic earnings (loss) per share$2.12
 $(0.40) $2.69
 $0.35
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$2.12
 $(0.40) $2.68
 $0.35
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2018 2017 2018 2017
Net earnings (loss)$(15.4) $18.7
 $13.7
 $30.9
Less: earnings allocated to participating securities—
 (0.3) (0.2) (0.6)
Net earnings (loss) available to common shareholders$(15.4) $18.4
 $13.5
 $30.3
        
Average shares outstanding (millions):       
Basic38.8
 38.3
 38.7
 38.3
Dilutive share awards—
 0.5
 0.1
 0.4
Diluted38.8
 38.8
 38.8
 38.7
        
Basic earnings (loss) per share$(0.40) $0.48
 $0.35
 $0.79
Diluted earnings (loss) per share$(0.40) $0.47
 $0.35
 $0.78

Potentially dilutive shares outstanding are primarily related to performance shares for the second quarter and June year to date 2019 and 2018.

Dividends paid per share for Class A and Class B common stock were $0.075 for the second quarter 2019 and 2018 and 2017.$0.15 for June year to date 2019 and 2018.


10.11.  Stock-Based Compensation
For the second quarter of 2019, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of $2.0 million, and related tax benefit of $0.3 million. For the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of $2.2 million, and related tax benefit of $0.5 million. For the second quarter 2017,June year to date 2019, the Company recognized stock compensation benefitexpense of $0.2$5.2 million, and related tax expensebenefit of $0.1 million, which included the impact of forfeitures related to the retirement of the Company’s former President and Chief Executive Officer in the second quarter of 2017.$0.7 million. For June year to date 2018, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of $4.7 million, and related tax benefit of $3.2 million. For June year to date 2017, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of $4.2 million, and related tax benefit of $1.8 million.
Performance Shares
2019 Grant
During 2018,2019, the Company granted performance awards associated with the Company’s Class A common stock to certain senior officers. The payment of performance shares, which will be satisfied with the issuance of shares out of treasury stock, is contingent upon the achievement of specific operating and pretax earnings and total shareholder return (“TSR”)two financial goals over a stated periodat the end of time. The maximum number of performance shares that may be earned is 200% of the target shares originally granted. These awards have a three-year performance period andperiod. These awards will cliff vest after the approval by the Compensation Committee, if not forfeited by the recipient. No dividends are paid on these performance shares.
The 2019 financial measure performance awards were granted with a market condition in the form of a relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) modifier, which could impact the number of shares earned as determined at the end of the performance period. The number of shares earned based on financial measures’ results will be reduced, increased or remain the same based on the Company’s TSR relative to the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The maximum number of performance shares that may be earned upon the achievement of two financial goals. For eachis 200% of the twotarget shares originally granted and the TSR modifier will not increase payouts above the maximum.
The 2019 performance awards have an estimated fair value of $25.58 per share, which was determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model incorporating assumptions for inputs of expected stock price volatility, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate.


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

2018 and 2017 Grants
For the 2018 and 2017 financial measures, there aremeasure performance awards, the annual goals are set in February of each year, with the total award payout for 2018 grants based on a cumulative measure of the 2018, 2019 and 2020 goals and for 2017 grants based on a cumulative measure of the 2017, 2018 and 2019 goals. Accordingly, the Company remeasures the fair value of the 2018 and 2017 financial measure performance shares each reporting period until the third year goals are set, after which the grant date fair value will be fixed for the remaining performance period. As of second quarter-end 2018, for both the financial measure performance shares granted in 2018 and 2017,2019, the current fair value for the 2018 financial measure performance shares was $21.59. In addition, during$25.35 per share. During the first quarter 2018,2019, the final year of goals was set for the performance shares granted in 2016. Therefore,2017 and the grant date fair value for the 20162017 financial measure performance shares was set at $28.40, and$23.76 per share. The grant date fair value per share will remain fixed for the remaining performance period.
TSR performance shares may be earned based on the Company’s TSR relative to the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The 2018 TSR performance shares have an estimated fair value of $31.38, which was computed using a Monte Carlo simulation model incorporating assumptions for inputs of expected stock price volatility, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate.

17
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


A summary of the status of all nonvested performance shares at target as of second quarter-end 20182019 and year-to-date changes is presented as follows below (in thousands of shares except per share data). The majority of the vested shares below is related to the 20152016 performance share grant, which cliff-vested after approval from the Compensation Committee during the first quarter of 2018.2019.
 Financial Measure
Performance Shares		 TSR
Performance Shares
 Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at year-end 2018481
 $23.58
 173
 $23.56
Granted250
 25.38
 —
 —
Vested(188) 28.05
 (55) 19.73
Forfeited—
 —
 —
 —
Nonvested at second quarter-end 2019543
 $25.08
 118
 $25.35
 Financial Measure
Performance Shares		 TSR
Performance Shares
 Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at year-end 2017592
 $22.32
 240
 $18.17
Granted163
 28.64
 59
 31.38
Vested(229) 16.62
 (109) 16.01
Forfeited(20) 27.78
 (8) 22.75
Nonvested at second quarter-end 2018506
 $24.67
 182
 $23.54

Restricted Stock
A summary of the status of nonvested restricted stock as of second quarter-end 20182019 and year-to-date changes is presented as follows below (in thousands of shares except per share data).
 Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at year-end 2018356
 $23.44
Granted179
 24.77
Vested(101) 22.70
Forfeited(30) 23.72
Nonvested at second quarter-end 2019404
 $24.20

 Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at year-end 2017440
 $18.76
Granted146
 29.17
Vested(96) 19.61
Forfeited(26) 20.07
Nonvested at second quarter-end 2018464
 $21.79


11.  Other Income (Expense), Net12. Sale of Assets
Included
During the second quarter of 2019, the Company sold unused land located near the Company headquarters.  The gain on the sale of assets in other income (expense), netthe consolidated statement of earnings for the second quarter and June year to date 2018 and 2017 are2019 includes the following: excess of the $11.7 million sale proceeds over the cost of the parcel.  The gain on sale of assets also includes proceeds of $2.1 million from the transfer of customer contracts related to the Company’s legal specialty operations to a third party during the second quarter of 2019.
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (In millions of dollars)
Interest income$0.2
 $0.2
 $0.4
 $0.3
Interest expense(0.8) (0.6) (1.6) (1.1)
Dividend income0.8
 0.7
 0.8
 0.7
Foreign exchange gain (loss)0.4
 (0.8) (0.7) (2.0)
        
Other income (expense), net$0.6
 $(0.5) $(1.1) $(2.1)



18
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


12.13.  Other Income (Expense), Net
Included in other income (expense), net for the second quarter and June year to date 2019 and 2018 are the following: 
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (In millions of dollars)
Interest income$0.2
 $0.2
 $0.4
 $0.4
Interest expense(1.2) (0.8) (2.3) (1.6)
Dividend income1.3
 0.8
 1.3
 0.8
Foreign exchange losses (gains)(0.1) 0.4
 (0.7) (0.7)
Other—
 —
 0.4
 —
        
Other income (expense), net$0.2
 $0.6
 $(0.9) $(1.1)

14. Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $12.7 million (a 13.2% effective tax rate) for the second quarter of 2019 and income tax benefit was $15.6 million (a 49.6% effective tax rate) for the second quarter of 2018. Income tax expense was $19.1 million (a 15.3% effective tax rate) for June year to date 2019 and income tax benefit was $9.2 million (a (366.2%) effective tax rate) for June year to date 2018. These amounts were impacted by changes in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Persol Holdings, which resulted in a charge of $18.7 million for the second quarter of 2019 and $22.8 million for June year to date 2019, compared to a benefit of $16.2 million for the second quarter of 2018 and income tax expense was $1.5 million for the second quarter of 2017. Income tax benefit was $9.2$8.9 million for June year to date 2018 and income tax expense was $4.22018. The second quarter of 2019 benefitted by $14.3 million for June year to date 2017. Income taxesfrom the release of a valuation allowance in the second quarter and June year to date of 2018 benefited fromUnited Kingdom, offset by a lower U.S. tax rate and$3.9 million charge for recording a loss on the Persol Holdings investment.valuation allowance in Germany.


Our tax expense is affected by recurring items, such as the amount of pretax income and its mix by jurisdiction, U.S. work opportunity credits and the change in cash surrender value of non-taxable investments in life insurance policies. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period to period, such as tax law changes, changes in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets, or the tax effects of stock compensation. With the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-01 in the first quarter of 2018,compensation, and changes in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Persol Holdings, are now recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings. These investment gains or losseswhich are treated as discrete since they cannot be estimated.


The work opportunity credit program is a temporary provision in the U.S. tax law and expires for employees hired after 2019. While the program has routinely been extended, it is uncertain whether it will again be extended. In the event the program is not renewed, we will continue to receive credits for qualified employees hired prior to 2020.

13.15. Leases

At the beginning of the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases, using an optional transition method which allowed us to adopt the new lease standard at the adoption date, as compared to the beginning of the earliest period presented, and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance of earnings invested in the business in the period of adoption. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us to carry forward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the new standard. We also elected to combine lease and non-lease components, to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the consolidated balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of earnings on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has operating and financing leases for field offices and various equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to 10 years. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception.

We recorded $74.1 million of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets within operating lease right-of-use assets, $19.8 million of current lease liabilities within operating lease liabilities, current and $54.3 million of noncurrent lease liabilities within operating lease
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

liabilities, noncurrent in the consolidated balance sheet on the date of adoption. No adjustment to the beginning balance of earnings invested in the business was necessary as a result of adopting this standard.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since most of the Company’s leases do not have an implicit borrowing rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our leases may include options allowing us in our sole discretion to extend or terminate the lease, and when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options, we will include those periods in our lease term. Variable costs, such as payments for insurance and tax payments, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in millions of dollars):
    Second Quarter June Year to Date
Description Statement of Earnings Location 2019 2019
Operating lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses $6.7
 $13.7
Short-term lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses 0.9
 1.6
Variable lease cost Selling, general and administrative expenses 1.7
 3.5
Total lease cost   $9.3
 $18.8


Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in millions of dollars):
Description Balance Sheet Location As of Second Quarter-End 2019
ROU Assets:    
Operating Operating lease right-of-use assets $66.9
Financing Property and equipment 1.7
Total lease assets   $68.6
     
ROU Liabilities:    
Operating - current Operating lease liabilities, current $20.3
Financing - current Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 0.4
Operating - noncurrent Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 49.3
Financing - noncurrent Other long-term liabilities 1.1
Total lease liabilities   $71.1


KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for June year to date 2019 was as follows:
June Year to Date
2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases4.1
Financing leases3.9
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases5.9%
Financing leases5.1%


Other information related to leases was as follows (in millions of dollars):
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:   
Operating cash flows from operating leases$6.6
 $13.5
Financing cash flows from financing leases0.2
 0.2
    
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:   
Operating leases$2.7
 $4.0
Financing leases0.8
 1.7


Maturities of lease liabilities as of second quarter-end 2019 were as follows (in millions of dollars):
 Operating Leases Financing Leases
2019, remaining$12.7
 $0.2
202021.5
 0.5
202117.2
 0.5
202212.0
 0.5
20236.8
 —
20243.8
 —
Thereafter4.3
 —
Total future lease payments78.3
 1.7
Less: Imputed interest8.6
 0.2
Total$69.7
 $1.5


Maturities of operating leases accounted for under ASC 840 as of year-end 2018 were as follows (in millions of dollars):
Fiscal year: 
2019$26.7
202020.4
202115.2
20229.8
20234.7
Later years4.9
  
Total$81.7

KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

16.  Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, theThe Company is continuously engaged in litigation, threatened ligation,litigation, or investigations arising in the ordinary course of its business, such as matters alleging auto liability, employment discrimination, wage and hour violations, claims for indemnification or liability, or violations of privacy rights, or anti-competition regulations, breach of contract and claims or actions related to customer or supplier bankruptcy proceedings or insolvency actions, which could result in a material adverse outcome. There are matters that are currently stayed pending a decision from the United States Supreme Court, regarding the enforceability of class action waivers in favor of arbitration. On May 21, 2018, the Court determined that class action waivers in employment contracts are enforceable.  We are still assessing how the recent Supreme Court ruling affects our litigation strategy. We record accruals for loss contingencies when we believe it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities onand in accrued workers’ compensation and other claims in the consolidated balance sheet. At second quarter-end 2019 and year-end 2018, the gross accrual for litigation costs amounted to $11.0 million and $12.8 million, respectively.

The Company maintains insurance coverage which may cover certain claims. When claims exceed the applicable loss limit and realization of recovery of the claim from existing insurance policies is deemed probable, the Company records receivables from the insurance company for the excess amount, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet. At second quarter-end 2019 and year-end 2018, the related insurance recoveries amounted to $4.6 million and $6.1 million, respectively.

The Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of amounts accrued, is $0.1 million to $3.7 million as of second quarter-end 2019. This range includes matters where a liability has been accrued but it is reasonably possible that the ultimate loss may exceed the amount accrued and for matters where a loss is believed to be reasonably possible, but a liability has not been accrued. The aggregate range only represents matters in which we are currently able to estimate a range of loss and does not represent our maximum loss exposure. The estimated range is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions and only based upon currently available information. For other matters, we are currently not able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss.

While the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of any such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.



We are also currently engaged in litigation with a customer over a disputed accounts receivable balance for services rendered, which is recorded as a long-term receivable in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. While we believe the balance of approximately $10 million is collectible, there is a reasonably possible risk of an unfavorable outcome.
19
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


14.17.  Segment Disclosures 
The Company’s segments are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the CODMCompany’s chief operating decision-maker (the Company’s CEO) to determine resource allocation and assess performance. The Company’s three reportable segments, (1) Americas Staffing, (2) GTS and (3) International Staffing, reflect how the Company delivers services to customers and how its business is organized internally. Intersegment revenue represents revenue earned between the reportable segments and is eliminated from total segment revenue from services.
Americas Staffing represents the Company’s branch-delivered staffing business in the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, Mexico and Brazil. International Staffing represents the EMEA region branch-delivered staffing business. Americas Staffing and International Staffing both deliver temporary staffing, as well as direct-hire placement services, in office-clerical, educational, light industrial, and professional and professional/technical specialties within their geographic regions. Americas Staffing also includes educational staffing in the U.S.
GTS combines the delivery structure of the Company’s outsourcing and consulting group and centrally-deliveredcentrally delivered staffing business. It reflects the trend of customers towards the adoption of holistic talent supply chain solutions which combine contingent labor, full-time hiring and outsourced services. GTS includes centrally-deliveredcentrally delivered staffing, RPO, CWO, BPO, PPO, KellyConnect, career transition/outplacement services and talent advisory services.
Corporate expenses that directly support the operating units have been allocated to Americas Staffing, GTS and International Staffing based on work effort, volume or, in the absence of a readily available measurement process, proportionately based on gross profit realized. Unallocated corporate expenses include those related to incentive compensation, law and risk management, certain finance and accounting functions, executive management, corporate campus facilities, IT production support, certain legal costs and expenses related to corporate initiatives that do not directly benefit a specific operating segment.
The following tables present information about the reported revenue from services and gross profit of the Company by segment, along with a reconciliation to consolidated earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate, for the second quarter and June year to date 20182019 and 2017.2018. Asset information by reportable segment is not presented, since the Company does not produce such information internally nor does it use such data to manage its business.
 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services:       
        
Americas Staffing$597.6
 $604.0
 $1,224.1
 $1,208.3
Global Talent Solutions505.9
 500.7
 1,006.9
 986.5
International Staffing268.1
 286.6
 527.0
 571.3
        
Less: Intersegment revenue(4.1) (4.4) (7.9) (9.3)
        
Consolidated Total$1,367.5
 $1,386.9
 $2,750.1
 $2,756.8

 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (In millions of dollars)
Revenue from Services:       
        
Americas Staffing$604.0
 $575.6
 $1,208.3
 $1,148.7
Global Talent Solutions500.7
 505.5
 986.5
 992.8
International Staffing286.6
 256.8
 571.3
 490.4
        
Less: Intersegment revenue(4.4) (4.3) (9.3) (8.6)
        
Consolidated Total$1,386.9
 $1,333.6
 $2,756.8
 $2,623.3




20






KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2019 2018 2019 2018
 (In millions of dollars)
Earnings from Operations:       
        
Americas Staffing gross profit$108.8
 $108.5
 $226.0
 $216.5
Americas Staffing SG&A expenses(93.2) (90.7) (194.4) (182.6)
Americas Staffing Earnings from Operations15.6
 17.8
 31.6
 33.9
        
Global Talent Solutions gross profit99.7
 92.7
 200.1
 184.5
Global Talent Solutions SG&A expenses(74.3) (75.0) (149.0) (150.8)
Global Talent Solutions Earnings from Operations25.4
 17.7
 51.1
 33.7
        
International Staffing gross profit36.1
 39.9
 70.7
 79.0
International Staffing SG&A expenses(32.6) (33.5) (63.9) (67.6)
International Staffing Earnings from Operations3.5
 6.4
 6.8
 11.4
        
Less: Intersegment gross profit(0.6) (0.6) (1.2) (1.3)
Less: Intersegment SG&A expenses0.6
 0.6
 1.2
 1.3
Net Intersegment Activity—
 —
 —
 —
        
Corporate(9.7) (21.5) (37.9) (46.6)
Consolidated Total34.8
 20.4
 51.6
 32.4
Gain (loss) on investment in Persol Holdings61.2
 (52.5) 74.4
 (28.8)
Other income (expense), net0.2
 0.6
 (0.9) (1.1)
        
Earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate$96.2
 $(31.5) $125.1
 $2.5

 Second Quarter June Year to Date
 2018 2017 2018 2017
 (In millions of dollars)
Earnings from Operations:       
        
Americas Staffing gross profit$108.5
 $103.8
 $216.5
 $209.1
Americas Staffing SG&A expenses(90.7) (83.4) (182.6) (167.5)
Americas Staffing Earnings from Operations17.8
 20.4
 33.9
 41.6
        
Global Talent Solutions gross profit92.7
 88.7
 184.5
 179.2
Global Talent Solutions SG&A expenses(75.0) (73.4) (150.8) (148.6)
Global Talent Solutions Earnings from Operations17.7
 15.3
 33.7
 30.6
        
International Staffing gross profit39.9
 36.8
 79.0
 73.2
International Staffing SG&A expenses(33.5) (32.7) (67.6) (63.9)
International Staffing Earnings from Operations6.4
 4.1
 11.4
 9.3
        
Less: Intersegment gross profit(0.6) (0.5) (1.3) (1.1)
Less: Intersegment SG&A expenses0.6
 0.5
 1.3
 1.1
Net Intersegment Activity—
 —
 —
 —
        
Corporate(21.5) (19.5) (46.6) (44.8)
Consolidated Total20.4
 20.3
 32.4
 36.7
Loss on investment in Persol Holdings(52.5) —
 (28.8) —
Other income (expense), Net0.6
 (0.5) (1.1) (2.1)
        
Earnings (loss) before taxes and equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliate$(31.5) $19.8
 $2.5
 $34.6


15. 
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

18. New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted

In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)ASU 2018-07 simplifying the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment awards by expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Under the new standard, most of the guidance on stock compensation payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating theThe adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 allowing reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the income tax effects resulting from the Act enacted by the U.S. federal government in December 2017. The new guidance eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. It also requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. ASU 2018-02 relates only to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Act and does not change the underlying guidance requiring that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations. The ASU is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. It should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Act is recognized. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance during the second quarter of 2018. We elected not to reclassify the income tax effects of the Act from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

21
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09 clarifying when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The new guidance will reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as modifications. It does not change the accounting for modifications. The ASU was effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 simplifying the accounting for goodwill impairment for all entities. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (Step 2 of the current two-step goodwill impairment test under ASC 350). Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (Step 1 of the current two-step goodwill impairment test). The ASU is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for annual and interim goodwill impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluatingelected to early adopt ASU-2017-04 as of year-end 2018 and the impactadoption of the new guidancethis ASU did not have an impact on our goodwill impairment testing process andor our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 amending the presentation of restricted cash within the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires that restricted cash be included within cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The ASU was effective retrospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 clarifying how entities should classify certain cash receipts and payments on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance addresses classification of cash flows related to the following transactions: 1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; 2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; 3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; 4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; 5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies; 6) distributions received from equity method investees; and 7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions. ASU 2016-15 also clarifies how the predominance principle should be applied when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. This ASU was effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and required retrospective application. Early adoption was permitted. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and the impact related to this implementation was immaterial.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasted information rather than the current methodology of delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This ASU applies to trade accounts receivable and may have an impact on our calculation of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 amending the existing accounting standards for lease accounting and requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months, including those classified as operating leases. Both the asset and liability will initially be measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, with the asset being subject to adjustments such as initial direct costs. Consistent with current U.S. GAAP, the presentation of expenses and cash flows will depend primarily on the classification of the lease as either a finance or an operating lease. The new standard also requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases in order to provide additional information about the nature of an organization’s leasing activities. ThisAn additional optional transition method to adopt the new lease standard at the adoption date, as compared to the beginning of the earliest period presented, and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption is allowed. We adopted this guidance with the optional transition method effective December 31, 2018. See Leases footnote for the impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods andbeginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. Entities have the option to apply the guidance prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 which eliminates, adds and modifies certain fair value measurement disclosures. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires modified retrospective application. Early2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual periods, with early adoption is permitted.
A cross-functional implementation team is working to assess the impact of the standard. We are currently in the process of upgrading our lease accounting software and developing processes to determine key judgments, such as the discount rates to be used for required present value calculations. We believe that our adoption of this standard will likely have a material impact to our consolidated balance sheets for the recognition of certain operating leases as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Our operating lease obligations are described in the Commitments footnote of our 2017 Form 10-K. Based on our preliminary assessment, we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact to our consolidated statementfinancial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, as clarified in ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05, amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of earnings. a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasted information rather than the current methodology of delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. This

22
KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(UNAUDITED)


In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 amending the current guidance for how entities measure certain equity investments, the accounting for financial liabilities under the fair value option,applies to trade accounts receivable and the presentation and disclosure requirements relating to financial instruments. The new guidance requires entities to use fair value measurement for equity investments in unconsolidated entities, excluding equity method investments, and to recognize the changes in fair value in net income at the end of each reporting period. Under the new standard, for any financial liabilities in which the fair value option has been elected, the changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk must be recognized separately in other comprehensive income. Presentation and disclosure requirements under the new guidance require public business entities to use the exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. In addition, financial assets and liabilities must now be presented separately in the notes to the financial statements and grouped by measurement category and form of financial asset. This ASU was effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was only permitted for the financial liability provision. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. See Investment in Persol Holdings footnote for themay have an impact on the financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued new revenue recognition guidance under ASU 2014-09 that superseded the existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The new standard focused on creating a single source of revenue guidance for revenue arising from contracts with customers for all industries. The objectiveour calculation of the new standard wasallowance for companies to recognize revenue when it transfers the promised goods or services to its customers at an amount that represents what the company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year (ASU 2015-14). This ASU was effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Since the issuance of the original standard, the FASB issued several other subsequent updates including the following: 1) clarification of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08); 2) further guidance on identifying performance obligations in a contract as well as clarifications on the licensing implementation guidance (ASU 2016-10); 3) rescission of several SEC Staff Announcements that are codified in Topic 605 (ASU 2016-11); 4) additional guidance and practical expedients in response to identified implementation issues (ASU 2016-12); and 5) technical corrections and improvements (ASU 2016-20). We adopted this guidance with the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2018. See Revenue footnote for the impact on the financial statements.uncollectible accounts receivable.
Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.




Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Executive Overview
The WorkforceTalent Solutions Industry


The staffing industry has changed dramatically overlabor markets are in the last decade—transformed by globalization,midst of change due to automation, competitive consolidation and secular shifts in labor supply and demand.demand and skills gaps. Global employmentdemographic trends are reshaping and redefining traditional employment models, sourcing strategiesthe way in which companies find and human resource capability requirements.use talent. In response, the industry has accelerated its evolution from commercial into specialized staffing, and has expanded into outsourced solutions.

The broader workforcetalent solutions industry has continued to evolveis adjusting how it sources, recruits, trains and places talent.

Our industry is evolving to meet businesses’ growing demand for talent, whether delivered as a single individual or as part of a total workforce solutions. As clients’solution. Companies in our industry are using novel sourcing approaches—including gig platforms, independent contractors and other talent pools—to create workforce solutions strategies move upthat are flexible, responsive to the maturity model, use of alabor market, and tailored to meet clients’ needs. Increasingly, clients are looking for talent supply chain management approach, which seeksadvisors and partners to manage all categorieshelp them with program design, employer branding and differentiated sourcing strategies.

In addition, today’s companies are elevating their commitment to talent, with the growing realization that meeting the changing needs and requirements of talent (temporary, project-based, outsourcedis essential to remain competitive. The ways in which people view, find, and full-time), represents significantconduct work are undergoing fundamental shifts. And as the demand for skilled talent continues to climb, workers’ changing ideas about the integration of work into life are becoming more important. In this increasingly talent-driven market, potential.a diverse set of workers, empowered by technology, is seeking to take greater control over their career trajectories.

Strategic clients are increasingly looking for global, flexible and holistic talent solutions that encompass all worker categories, driving adoption of a talent supply chain management approach. Across all regions, the structural shifts toward higher-skilled, project-based specialized talent continue to represent long-term opportunities for the industry.


Our Business


Kelly Services is a recruiting, talent and global workforce solutions company serving customers of all sizes in a variety of industries. In early 2017, we restructured components of our previous Americas Commercial, Americas PTWe offer innovative outsourcing and OCG segments underconsulting services, as well as staffing on a single delivery organization, triggering a change in our operating structure.temporary, temporary-to-hire and direct-hire basis. We now provide commercial and professional/technical staffing through our branch networks in our Americas Staffing and International operations, with commercialStaffing segments and, specialized professional/technicalin APAC, we provide staffing businesses in the Americas and Europe, respectively. In July 2016, we movedsolutions to customers through PersolKelly Asia Pacific, our APAC staffing operations into our expanded joint venture with Persol Holdings, PersolKelly Asia Pacific (the “JV”a leading provider of HR solutions in Japan. For the U.S. education market, Kelly Educational Staffing (“KES”), enabling us is the leading provider of substitute teachers to more efficiently provide staffing solutions to customers throughout the APAC region via the JV. than 7,000 schools nationwide.

We also provide a suite of innovative talent fulfillment and outcome-based solutions through our Global Talent Solutions (“GTS”) segment, which delivers integrated talent management solutions on a global basis. GTS provides CWO, RPO, BPO, Advisory and Talent Fulfillment solutions to meet customer needs across the entire spectrum of talent categories. Using talent supply chain strategies, GTS helpshelp customers plan for, manage and execute their acquisition of contingent labor, full-time labor and free agents, and gain access to service providers and qualityqualified talent quickly, at competitive rates, with minimized risk.


We earn revenues from customers that procure the hourly salesservices of services by our temporary employees on a time and materials basis, that use us to customers, as a result of recruitingrecruit permanent employees, for our customers, and throughthat rely on our talent solutionsadvisory and outsourcing and advisory services. Our working capital requirements are primarily generated from temporary employee payroll and customer accounts receivable. The nature of our business is such that trade accounts receivable are our most significant asset. Average days sales outstanding varies within and outside the U.S., but was 5557 days on a global basis as of the 20182019 second quarter end and 55 days as of both the 20172018 year end and the 20172018 second quarter end. Since receipts from customers generally lag temporary employee payroll, working capital requirements increase substantially in periods of growth.


Our StrategyStrategic Intent and Outlook

Kelly is committed to being a leading talent solutions provider in the markets in which we choose to compete, which is the foundation of our strategy in 2019 and beyond. This strategic intent is underpinned by our Noble Purpose, “We connect people to work in ways that enrich their lives,” and by our strategic pillars:

Leadership position via scale or specialty

Embracing the future of work

Being the destination for top talent

Investing in innovation and efficiency

Our long-term

By aligning ourselves with our Noble Purpose and executing against these strategic objective ispillars, we expect to create shareholder value by deliveringachieve new levels of growth and efficiency as we develop further specializations across our product portfolio.

In 2018 we also became a competitive profit from the best workforce solutionsmore focused company. We sold our healthcare and talent in the industry. To achieve this, we are focused on the following key areas:

Continuelegal specialty operations, which allows us to build our core strengths in staffing in key markets where we have scale or specialization;

Maintain our position asplace a market-leading provider of talent management solutions; and

Lower our costs through deployment of technology and efficient service delivery models.

2017 was a year of strategic and operational progress, reflecting improved operational performance over the prior year. We entered 2018 with a strengthened commitment to our strategy for continued growth. Our first quarter results, while mixed, highlighted our need to remain focused on protecting and accelerating our strategic progress. We delivered solid top-line growth while continuing to invest in our future. Our second quarter 2018 results confirm our long-term growth strategy and our need to continue to place greater focus on managingour commercial, education, engineering and science specialties. In education, we successfully integrated our 2017 acquisition of Teachers On Call (“TOC”). In engineering, we identified two companies that will immediately expand our engineering portfolio: on January 2, 2019, we acquired Global Technology Associates, LLC (“GTA”) and NextGen Global Resources LLC (“NextGen”), leaders in the Company’s short-term performance:growing 5G telecoms market. These position Kelly as one of the leading engineering workforce solutions companies in this fast-growing technology space. Both companies provide services to the largest carriers and original equipment manufacturers in the telecommunications industry.



Other investments to date include our ongoing commitment to embracing the future of work, as the Kelly Innovation Fund participated in the seed fundraising round for Kenzie Academy, a U.S. tech apprenticeship program that develops modern tech workers. To strengthen our position in the portion of the workforce that participate as independent contractors, we have a minority equity investment in Business Talent Group (“BTG”), a U.S.-based marketplace that connects highly skilled independent talent to some of the world’s largest businesses.


Revenue grew 4.0%, or 3.0%We also made investments in constant currencytechnology during 2018, particularly that which supports greater efficiency in finding talent to answer customer needs. We are making substantial investments in our front and middle office platforms, which, when deployed, will streamline the processes and workflows associated with recruiting, onboarding and reassigning workers. These investments will create the platform from which we can deploy operational improvements that will enhance the experience of the hundreds of thousands of job seekers who interact and work with Kelly each year.


Earnings from operations forIn the secondfirst quarter of 2018 totaled $20.4 million, compared2019, we completed our review of our commercial staffing operations delivered by our U.S. branch network and reorganized our operations to $20.3 million in 2017

improve geographic coverage and operational efficiency. The gross profit rate increased 10 basis pointsnew structure will allow us to refine our focus on specialties within the commercial staffing portfolio, including light industrial, electronic assembly, office professionals and we delivered gross profit growth of $12 million in the second quarter of 2018

Conversion rate, or return on gross profit, was 8.5%, compared to the 2017 conversion rate of 8.9%

contact center staffing. During the second quarter, cash from operating activities and free cash flow generation increased from the first quartersix months of 2019, we recorded total restructuring charges of $5.7 million as a result of these actions.


Kelly continues to focus on accelerating the execution of our strategystrategic plan and making the necessary investments and adjustments to advance that strategy. We have set our sights on becomingOur objective is to become an even more competitive, consultative and profitable company, and we are reshaping our business to make that visiongoal a reality. We will measure our progress against both revenue and gross profit growth, as well as earnings and conversion rate. The goals we have established are based on the current economic and business environment, and may change as conditions warrant. We expect to:expect:


Grow higher margin professional and technicalTo grow higher-margin specialty and outsourced solutions, creating a more balanced portfolio that yields benefits from an improved mix;


Build onTo integrate our core strength in staffing;

Accelerate our ongoing investments in specialty solutions with significant growth opportunities, such as our acquisitionacquisitions of Teachers On Call to augment our Kelly Educational Staffing business in the U.S.;GTA and NextGen;


DeliverTo deliver structural improvements in costs through investments in technology and process automation that ensure a return from our delivery infrastructureautomation; and as a result;


ImproveTo continue to improve our conversion rate.


Looking ahead, the demand for skilled workers remains strong globally, and the signs we typically look for to indicate a softening of demand are not currently present. The U.S. labor market, however, is becoming significantly constrained, creating a more challenging business environment for Kelly domestically.

With unemployment hovering near the lowest level in five decades, qualified candidates are becoming more difficult to attract and retain. As the U.S. economy approaches full employment, candidates now have more job opportunities from which to choose and they are becoming more selective in their job choices. As a result of this, we are experiencing long time frames, more effort to recruit individuals and more turnover of employees once placed with customers, resulting in a renewed search to fill the openings. This market volatility creates increased competitiveness for talent. While labor market constraints are not affecting our ability to fill job requisitions, they are affecting the level of activity required to do so.

The sustained demand for contingent labor and strategic solutions plays to our strengths and experience as the founder of the modern staffing industry more than 70 years ago. While constrained labor markets are challenging, they are manageable for Kelly, as we continue to focus on creating innovative workforce solutions that deliver greater efficiency and value to our customers.









Financial Measures
The constant currency (“CC”) change amounts in the following tables refer to the year-over-year percentage changes resulting from translating 20182019 financial data into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates used to translate financial data for 2017.2018. We believe that CC measurements are a useful measure, indicating the actual trends of our operations without distortion due to currency fluctuations. We use CC results when analyzing the performance of our segments and measuring our results against those of our competitors. Additionally, substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries derive revenues and incur cost of services and selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses within a single country and currency which, as a result, provides a natural hedge against currency risks in connection with their normal business operations.
CC measures are non-GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) measures and are used to supplement measures in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP measures may be calculated differently from those provided by other companies, limiting their usefulness for comparison purposes. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Reported and CC percentage changes in the following tables were computed based on actual amounts in thousands of dollars.
Return on sales (earnings from operations divided by revenue from services) and conversion rate (earnings from operations divided by gross profit) in the following tables are ratios used to measure the Company’s operating efficiency.
Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) represents the number of days that sales remain unpaid for the period being reported. DSO is calculated by dividing average net sales per day (based on a rolling three-month period) into trade accounts receivable, net of allowances at the period end. Although secondary supplier revenues are recorded on a net basis (net of secondary supplier expense), secondary supplier revenue is included in the daily sales calculation in order to properly reflect the gross revenue amounts billed to the customer.




Results of Operations
Total Company - Second Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$1,386.9
 $1,333.6
 4.0%     3.0%$1,367.5
 $1,386.9
 (1.4)%     (0.2)%
Gross profit240.5
 228.8
 5.1
 4.2
244.0
 240.5
 1.4
 2.6
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges222.1
 220.1
 0.9
 1.9
Restructuring charges(0.6) —
 NM
 NM
Total SG&A expenses220.1
 208.5
 5.6
 4.9
221.5
 220.1
 0.6
 1.6
Gain on sale of assets12.3
 —
 NM
  
Earnings from operations20.4
 20.3
 0.1
  34.8
 20.4
 70.7
  
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges34.2
 20.4
 67.7
  
Diluted earnings (loss) per share2.12
 (0.40) NM
  
              
Permanent placement income (included in revenue from services)17.3
 13.7
 25.7
 24.1
15.7
 17.3
 (9.7) (7.5)
Gross profit rate17.3% 17.2% 0.1
pts.  17.8% 17.3% 0.5
pts.  
Conversion rate8.5
 8.9
 (0.4)  14.2
 8.5
 5.7
  
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges14.0
 8.5
 5.5
  
Return on sales1.5
 1.5
 —
  2.5
 1.5
 1.0
  
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges2.5
 1.5
 1.0
  


Total Company revenue from services for the second quarter of 2018 was up 4.0%2019 declined 1.4% in comparison to the prior year and up 3.0%declined 0.2% on a CC basis, reflecting the weakeningstrengthening of the U.S. dollar against several currencies, primarily the Euro. As noted in the following discussions, revenue increaseddecreased in Americas Staffing and International Staffing while GTSand increased in GTS. Revenue from services for the second quarter of 2019 includes the results of NextGen and GTA acquisitions, which added approximately 280 basis points to the total revenue declined.growth rate.
The gross profit rate increased by 1050 basis points duringfrom the second quarter.prior year. As noted in the following discussions, whileincreases in the gross profit rate in Americas Staffing was flat, an increase in theand GTS gross profit rate waswere partially offset by a decrease in the International Staffing gross profit rate. The NextGen and GTA acquisitions accounted for approximately 30 basis points of the gross profit rate growth.
Total SG&A expenses increased 5.6%0.6% on a reported basis (4.9%(1.6% on a CC basis), due primarily to additional resourcesthe addition of SG&A expenses from the NextGen and GTA acquisitions. Included in Americas Staffing as a result of the current talent supply environment.total SG&A expenses for the second quarter of 2018 also include an increase in technology investments compared2019 is a restructuring credit of $0.6 million, related primarily to the prior year. In addition,adjustments of previously accrued severance charges for U.S. branch-based staffing operations.
Gain on sale of assets primarily represents the year-over-year comparisons reflectexcess of the impactproceeds over the cost of $2.5 millionan unused parcel of favorable adjustments related to executive compensation which reduced corporate expenses in 2017.land located near the Company headquarters sold during the second quarter of 2019.

Diluted lossearnings per share for the second quarter of 20182019 was $0.40,$2.12, as compared to earningsdiluted loss per share of $0.47$0.40 for the second quarter of 2017.2018. Included in 2019 second quarter diluted earnings per share is approximately $1.07 per share related to the gain on the investment in Persol Holdings, net of tax. Included in 2018 first quarter diluted loss per share is approximately $0.94 per share related to the loss on the investment in Persol Holdings, net of tax.






Americas Staffing - Second Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$604.0
 $575.6
 4.9%     5.2%$597.6
 $604.0
 (1.0)%     (0.9)%
Gross profit108.5
 103.8
 4.5
 4.7
108.8
 108.5
 0.2
 0.4
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges93.8
 90.7
 3.4
 3.6
Restructuring charges(0.6) —
 NM
 NM
Total SG&A expenses90.7
 83.4
 8.7
 8.9
93.2
 90.7
 2.7
 3.0
Earnings from operations17.8
 20.4
 (12.8)  15.6
 17.8
 (12.4)  
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges15.0
 17.8
 (15.8)  
              
Gross profit rate18.0% 18.0% —
pts.  18.2% 18.0% 0.2
pts.  
Conversion rate16.4
 19.7
 (3.3)  14.3
 16.4
 (2.1)  
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges13.8
 16.4
 (2.6)  
Return on sales2.9
 3.5
 (0.6)  2.6
 2.9
 (0.3)  
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges2.5
 2.9
 (0.4)  


The change in Americas Staffing revenue from services reflects an 8% decrease in hours volume, partially offset by the impact of the September 2017January 2019 acquisition of Teachers On Call (“TOC”), combined withNextGen and a 3%2% increase in average bill rates (a 4% increase on a CC basis). These increases were partially offset by a 2%rates. The decrease in hours volume. The increase in average bill rates was due to the resulting impact of wage increases on the bill rates. Americas Staffing represented 44% of total Company revenue in the second quarter of 2018 and 43% in the second quarter of 2017.
From a product perspective, the increase in revenue reflects an increase in educational staffing, due primarily to the TOC acquisition, engineering and light industrial products. These increases were partially offset by decreases in our office services product.
The Americas Staffing gross profit rate was flat in comparison to the prior year. The gross profit rate was positively impacted by higher permanent placement income, other costs of services and payroll taxes and benefits. These increases were offset by unfavorable customer mix. Permanent placement income, which is included in revenue from services and has very low direct costs of services, has a disproportionate impact on gross profit rates.
The increase in total SG&A expenses was due to additional resources as a result of the current talent supply environment, combined with SG&A expenses related to TOC.



GTS - Second Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
 2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$500.7
 $505.5
 (0.9)%     (1.2)%
Gross profit92.7
 88.7
 4.5
  4.0
Total SG&A expenses75.0
 73.4
 2.2
  1.8
Earnings from operations17.7
 15.3
 15.9
   
         
Gross profit rate18.5% 17.5% 1.0
pts.  
Conversion rate19.1
 17.2
 1.9
   
Return on sales3.5
 3.0
 0.5
   

Revenue from services decreased 1% compared to last year. Lower demand in specific customers in centrally-delivered staffing and PPO was partially offset by program expansion in BPO and KellyConnect, combined with new wins in CWO and RPO. GTS revenue represented 36% of total Company revenue in the second quarter of 2018 and 38% in the second quarter of 2017.
The increase in the GTS gross profit rate was due to improving product mix, partially offset by an increase in employee-related benefits costs.
Total SG&A expenses increased 2.2% from the prior year. The increase is primarily due to increased performance-based incentive costs, along with increased headcount and costs related to new programs and expansion of programs in BPO and CWO. These increases were partially offset by lower salary costs in centrally delivered staffing and PPO.



International Staffing - Second Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
 2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$286.6
 $256.8
 11.6 %     6.6%
Gross profit39.9
 36.8
 8.3
  3.5
Total SG&A expenses33.5
 32.7
 2.4
  (1.3)
Earnings from operations6.4
 4.1
 54.2
   
         
Gross profit rate13.9% 14.3% (0.4)pts.  
Conversion rate16.0
 11.2
 4.8
   
Return on sales2.2
 1.6
 0.6
   

The change in International Staffing revenue from services reflects a 6% increase in average bill rates driven by currency exchange rates (a 1% increase on a CC basis) combined with a 5% increase in hours volume. The increase in hours volume was due to increases in Portugal, Italy and Ireland. International Staffing represented 21% of total Company revenue in the second quarter of 2018 and 19% in the second quarter of 2017.
The International Staffing gross profit rate decreased primarily due to unfavorable customer mix, partially offset by the growth in permanent placement income.
The increase in total SG&A expenses was due toshort-term disruption resulting from the effect of currency exchange rates, combined with investments in the branch network. These increases were partially offset by effective cost management of headquarters expenses across the region.




Results of Operations
Total Company - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$2,756.8
 $2,623.3
 5.1 %  3.2%
Gross profit478.7
 460.4
 4.0
  2.3
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges446.3
 421.3
 5.9
  4.5
Restructuring charges—
 2.4
 (100.0)  (100.0)
Total SG&A expenses446.3
 423.7
 5.3
  3.9
Earnings from operations32.4
 36.7
 (11.7)   
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges32.4
 39.1
 (17.1)   
         
Permanent placement income (included in revenue from services)33.9
 27.2
 24.4
  20.6
Gross profit rate17.4% 17.6% (0.2)pts.  
Conversion rate6.8
 8.0
 (1.2)   
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges6.8
 8.5
 (1.7)   
Return on sales1.2
 1.4
 (0.2)   
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges1.2
 1.5
 (0.3)   

Total Company revenue from services for the first six months of 2018 was up 5.1% in comparison to the prior year and up 3.2% on a CC basis, reflecting the weakeningrestructure of the U.S. dollar against several currencies, primarily the Euro. As notedbranch-based staffing in the following discussions, revenue increased in Americas Staffing and International Staffing, while GTS revenue declined.
The gross profit rate decreased by 20 basis points. As noted in the following discussions, decreases in the Americas and International Staffing gross profit rates were partially offset by an increase in the GTS rate.
Total SG&A expenses increased 5.3% on a reported basis (3.9% on a CC basis), due primarily to investments in Americas Staffing which were made beginning in the secondfirst quarter of 2017. Included in total SG&A expenses for the first six months of 2017 are restructuring charges of $2.4 million, relating primarily to an initiative to optimize our GTS service delivery models. In addition, the year-over-year comparisons reflect the impact of favorable adjustments related to executive compensation which reduced corporate expenses in 2017.
Diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2018 were $0.35, as compared to $0.78 for the first six months of 2017. Included in diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2018 is approximately $0.51 per share related to the loss on investment in Persol Holdings, net of tax.



Americas Staffing - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$1,208.3
 $1,148.7
 5.2 %     5.1%
Gross profit216.5
 209.1
 3.6
  3.5
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges182.6
 167.1
 9.3
  9.2
Restructuring charges—
 0.4
 (100.0)  (100.0)
Total SG&A expenses182.6
 167.5
 9.1
  9.0
Earnings from operations33.9
 41.6
 (18.6)   
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges33.9
 42.0
 (19.3)   
         
Gross profit rate17.9% 18.2% (0.3)pts.  
Conversion rate15.6
 19.9
 (4.3)   
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges15.6
 20.1
 (4.5)   
Return on sales2.8
 3.6
 (0.8)   
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges2.8
 3.7
 (0.9)   

The change in Americas Staffing revenue from services reflects the impact2019 and slower achievement of the September 2017 acquisition of TOC, combined with a 4% increase in average bill rates and partially offset by a 2% decrease in hours volume.related benefits. The increase in average bill rates was the result of wage increases and stronger revenue growth in our service lines with higher pay rates. Americas Staffing represented 44% of total Company revenue in the first six monthssecond quarter of both 20182019 and 2017.2018.
From a product perspective, the increasechange in revenue reflects anlower volume in commercial, including light industrial and office services. These decreases were partially offset by growth in educational staffing and professional/technical, including engineering (due primarily to the NextGen acquisition) and science products.
The Americas Staffing gross profit rate increased in comparison to the prior year. The gross profit rate was positively impacted by the addition of NextGen, partially offset by the increase in workers compensation costs in the U.S. We regularly update our educational staffing business,estimates of open workers’ compensation claims. As a result, we increased our estimated costs of prior year workers’ compensation costs in Americas Staffing by $0.9 million for the second quarter of 2019, compared to a decrease of $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2018.
Total SG&A expenses increased 2.7% from the prior year, due primarily to the TOCaddition of NextGen SG&A expenses, partially offset by lower salary costs as a result of the first quarter restructuring and lower performance-based compensation. Included in total SG&A expenses for the second quarter of 2019 is a restructuring credit of $0.6 million, representing adjustments to previously accrued severance costs primarily related to U.S. branch-based staffing operations.



GTS - Second Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
 2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$505.9
 $500.7
 1.0%     1.4%
Gross profit99.7
 92.7
 7.5
  8.2
Total SG&A expenses74.3
 75.0
 (0.9)  (0.2)
Earnings from operations25.4
 17.7
 43.0
   
         
Gross profit rate19.7% 18.5% 1.2
pts.  
Conversion rate25.4
 19.1
 6.3
   
Return on sales5.0
 3.5
 1.5
   

Revenue from services increased 1.0% compared to last year, due primarily to the increase in revenue from the GTA acquisition, light industrialcombined with program expansion in our BPO and engineeringKellyConnect products. These increases were partially offset by decreases in our office services volume.
The decrease in the Americas Staffing gross profit rate was primarily due to unfavorable customer mix, partially offset by higher permanent placement income.
The increase in total SG&A expenses was due to additional sales and recruiting resources, combined with SG&A expenses related to TOC.





GTS - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$986.5
 $992.8
 (0.6)%     (1.0)%
Gross profit184.5
 179.2
 3.0
  2.2
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges150.8
 146.6
 2.9
  2.0
Restructuring charges—
 2.0
 (100.0)  (100.0)
Total SG&A expenses150.8
 148.6
 1.5
  0.6
Earnings from operations33.7
 30.6
 10.4
   
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges33.7
 32.6
 3.7
   
         
Gross profit rate18.7% 18.0% 0.7
pts.  
Conversion rate18.3
 17.1
 1.2
   
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges18.3
 18.2
 0.1
   
Return on sales3.4
 3.1
 0.3
   
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges3.4
 3.3
 0.1
   

Revenuelower demand from services decreased 1% compared to last year. Lower demand in specifica number of customers in centrally-delivered staffing and PPO was partially offset by program expansion in BPO and KellyConnect, combined with new wins in CWO and RPO.centrally delivered staffing. GTS revenue represented 36%37% of total Company revenue in the first six monthssecond quarter of 20182019 and 38%36% in the first six monthssecond quarter of 2017.2018.
The increase in the GTS gross profit rate was due to improving product mix partially offset by increases incoupled with lower employee-related benefits costs.
Total SG&A expenses increased 1.5%decreased 0.9% from the prior year. Includedyear, due to effective cost management, as we continue to align our resources and spending levels with volumes and gross profit in total SG&A for the first six months of 2017 are restructuring charges of $2.0 million, representing severance relating toour products. These decreases were partially offset by an initiative to optimize our service delivery models in this segment. The increase in the SG&A expenses is due to increased headcount and costs related to new programs.the January 2019 acquisition of GTA.





International Staffing - June Year to DateSecond Quarter
(Dollars in millions)
2018 2017 Change 
CC
Change
2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$571.3
 $490.4
 16.5 % 7.7%$268.1
 $286.6
 (6.5)%     (1.8)%
Gross profit79.0
 73.2
 7.8
 (0.3)36.1
 39.9
 (9.4) (4.8)
Total SG&A expenses67.6
 63.9
 5.8
 (1.4)32.6
 33.5
 (2.6) 1.9
Earnings from operations11.4
 9.3
 21.2
  3.5
 6.4
 (44.8)  
              
Gross profit rate13.8% 14.9% (1.1)pts.  
13.5% 13.9% (0.4)pts.  
Conversion rate14.4
 12.8
 1.6
  9.7
 16.0
 (6.3)  
Return on sales2.0
 1.9
 0.1
  
1.3
 2.2
 (0.9)  


The change in International Staffing revenue from services reflects a 9% increase in average bill rates driven bydecreased 6.5% from prior year, primarily due to the effect of currency exchange rates (a 1% increase onrates. On a CC basis) combined with a 6% increasebasis, revenue declined 1.8%, due primarily to revenue declines in hours volume. The increaseFrance, related to decreases in hours volume, wasand Germany, reflecting current market conditions. These decreases were partially offset by increased revenue in Russia, due to increases in Portugal, Italy and Ireland.higher hours volume. International Staffing represented 21%20% of total Company revenue in the first six monthssecond quarter of 20182019 and 19%21% in the first six monthssecond quarter of 2017.2018.
The International Staffing gross profit rate decreased primarily due to unfavorable customer mix and lower permanent placement income. Permanent placement income, which is included in revenue from services and has very low direct costs of services, has a disproportionate impact on gross profit rates.
The decrease in total SG&A expenses was primarily due to the year-over-yeareffect of currency exchange rates.




Results of Operations
Total Company - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$2,750.1
 $2,756.8
 (0.2)%  1.3%
Gross profit495.6
 478.7
 3.5
  4.9
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges450.6
 446.3
 1.0
  2.3
Restructuring charges5.7
 —
 NM
  NM
Total SG&A expenses456.3
 446.3
 2.2
  3.6
Gain on sale of assets12.3
 —
 NM
   
Earnings from operations51.6
 32.4
 59.3
   
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges57.3
 32.4
 76.9
   
Diluted earnings per share2.68
 0.35
 NM
   
         
Permanent placement income (included in revenue from services)31.6
 33.9
 (6.8)  (3.8)
Gross profit rate18.0% 17.4% 0.6
pts.  
Conversion rate10.4
 6.8
 3.6
   
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges11.6
 6.8
 4.8
   
Return on sales1.9
 1.2
 0.7
   
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges2.1
 1.2
 0.9
   

Total Company revenue from services for the first six months of 2019 declined 0.2% in comparison to the prior year and increased 1.3% on a CC basis, reflecting the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against several currencies, primarily the Euro. As noted in the following discussions, revenue increased in Americas Staffing and GTS, and decreased in International Staffing. Revenue from services for the first six months of 2019 includes the results of NextGen and GTA acquisitions, which added approximately 280 basis points to the total revenue growth rate.
The gross profit rate increased by 60 basis points from the prior year. As noted in the following discussions, increases in the gross profit rate in Americas Staffing and GTS were partially offset by a decrease in the International Staffing gross profit rate. The NextGen and GTA acquisitions accounted for approximately 20 basis points of the gross profit rate growth.
Total SG&A expenses increased 2.2% on a reported basis (3.6% on a CC basis), due primarily to the addition of SG&A expenses from the NextGen and GTA acquisitions. Also included in SG&A expenses for the first six months of 2019 are restructuring charges of $5.7 million, related primarily to the U.S. branch-based staffing operations.
Gain on sale of assets primarily represents the excess of the proceeds over the cost of an unused parcel of land located near the Company headquarters sold during the second quarter of 2019.
Diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2019 was $2.68, as compared to diluted earnings per share of $0.35 for the first six months of 2018. Included in diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2019 is approximately $1.31 per share related to the gain on the investment in Persol Holdings, net of tax. Included in first quarter diluted earnings per share for the first six months of 2018 is approximately $0.51 per share related to the loss on the investment in Persol Holdings, net of tax.



Americas Staffing - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$1,224.1
 $1,208.3
 1.3%     1.6%
Gross profit226.0
 216.5
 4.4
  4.7
SG&A expenses excluding restructuring charges188.7
 182.6
 3.3
  3.6
Restructuring charges5.7
 —
 NM
  NM
Total SG&A expenses194.4
 182.6
 6.4
  6.8
Earnings from operations31.6
 33.9
 (6.6)   
Earnings from operations excluding restructuring charges37.3
 33.9
 10.2
   
         
Gross profit rate18.5% 17.9% 0.6
pts.  
Conversion rate14.0
 15.6
 (1.6)   
Conversion rate excluding restructuring charges16.5
 15.6
 0.9
   
Return on sales2.6
 2.8
 (0.2)   
Return on sales excluding restructuring charges3.1
 2.8
 0.3
   

The change in Americas Staffing revenue from services reflects the impact of the January 2019 acquisition of NextGen, combined with a one-time benefit related3% increase in average bill rates, partially offset by a 6% decrease in hours volume. The increase in average bill rates was the result of wage increases and stronger revenue growth in our service lines with higher pay rates. The decrease in hours volume was primarily due to French payroll tax adjustmentsthe short-term disruption resulting from the restructure of the U.S. branch-based staffing in the first quarter of 2019 and slower achievement of the related benefits. Americas Staffing represented 45% of total Company revenue in the first six months of 2019 and 44% in the first six months of 2018.
From a product perspective, the increase in revenue reflects an increase in professional/technical, including engineering (due primarily to the NextGen acquisition) and science products, combined with an increase in educational staffing. These increases were partially offset by decreases in our commercial office services and light industrial volume.
The Americas Staffing gross profit rate increased in comparison to the prior year. The gross profit rate was positively impacted by the addition of NextGen, lower payroll taxes and higher permanent placement income. Permanent placement income, which is included in revenue from services and has very low direct costs of services, has a disproportionate impact on gross profit rates.
Total SG&A expenses increased 6.4% from the prior year, due primarily to the addition of NextGen SG&A expenses during 2019. Also included in total SG&A expenses for the first six months of 2019 are restructuring charges of $5.7 million, representing severance costs primarily related to U.S. branch-based staffing operations.






GTS - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$1,006.9
 $986.5
 2.1%     2.5%
Gross profit200.1
 184.5
 8.5
  9.3
Total SG&A expenses149.0
 150.8
 (1.2)  (0.4)
Earnings from operations51.1
 33.7
 51.4
   
         
Gross profit rate19.9% 18.7% 1.2
pts.  
Conversion rate25.5
 18.3
 7.2
   
Return on sales5.1
 3.4
 1.7
   

Revenue from services increased 2.1% compared to last year, due primarily to the increase in revenue from the GTA acquisition, combined with program expansion in our BPO and KellyConnect products. These increases were partially offset by lower demand from a number of customers in centrally delivered staffing. GTS revenue represented 37% of total Company revenue in the effectfirst six months of unfavorable customer mix.2019 and 36% in the first six months of 2018.
The increase in the GTS gross profit rate was due to improving product mix coupled with lower employee-related costs.
Total SG&A expenses decreased 1.2% from the prior year, due to effective cost management, as we continue to align our resources and spending levels with volumes and gross profit in our products. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in permanent placement income.
The increase in totalthe SG&A expenses wasrelated to the January 2019 acquisition of GTA.




International Staffing - June Year to Date
(Dollars in millions)
 2019 2018 Change 
CC
Change
Revenue from services$527.0
 $571.3
 (7.8)%  (1.6)%
Gross profit70.7
 79.0
 (10.5)  (4.5)
Total SG&A expenses63.9
 67.6
 (5.5)  0.4
Earnings from operations6.8
 11.4
 (40.0)   
         
Gross profit rate13.4% 13.8% (0.4)pts.  
Conversion rate9.6
 14.4
 (4.8)   
Return on sales1.3
 2.0
 (0.7)   

International Staffing revenue from services decreased 7.8% from prior year, primarily due to the effect of currency exchange rates,rates. On a CC basis, revenue declined 1.6%, due primarily to revenue declines in France, related to decreases in hours volume, and Germany, reflecting current market conditions. These decreases were partially offset by effective cost controlincreased revenue in Russia, due to higher hours volume. International Staffing represented 19% of total Company revenue in the first six months of 2019 and 21% in the first six months of 2018.
The International Staffing gross profit rate decreased primarily due to unfavorable customer mix and lower permanent placement income.
The decrease in total SG&A expenses acrosswas primarily due to the region.effect of currency exchange rates.








Financial Condition
Historically, we have financed our operations through cash generated by operating activities and access to credit markets. Our working capital requirements are primarily generated from temporary employee payroll and customer accounts receivable. Since receipts from customers generally lag payroll to temporary employees, working capital requirements increase substantially in periods of growth. Conversely, when economic activity slows, working capital requirements may substantially decrease. This may result in an increase in our operating cash flows; however, any such increase would not be sustainable in the event that an economic downturn continued for an extended period. As highlighted in the consolidated statements of cash flows, our liquidity and available capital resources are impacted by four key components: cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, operating activities, investing activities and financing activities.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $38.6$42.5 million at the end of the second quarter of 20182019 and $36.9$40.1 million at year-end 2017.2018. As further described below, we generated $33.2$73.5 million of cash from operating activities, used $10.9$79.6 million of cash for investing activities and used $20.5generated $8.6 million of cash forfrom financing activities.
Operating Activities
In the first six months of 2018,2019, we generated $33.2$73.5 million of net cash from operating activities, as compared to generating $44.4$33.2 million in the first six months of 2017. Other than2018, representing recurring working capital changes, this change was primarily driven by an increase in incentive-related payments.changes.
Trade accounts receivable totaled $1.2$1.3 billion at the end of the second quarter of 2018.2019. Global DSO werewas 57 days at the end of the second quarter of 2019 and 55 days at the end of the second quarter of both 2018 and 2017.2018.
Our working capital position (total current assets less total current liabilities) was $469.4$461.8 million at the end of the second quarter of 2018, an increase2019, a decrease of $11.3$41.2 million from year-end 2017.2018. The current ratio (total current assets divided by total current liabilities) was 1.5 at the end of the second quarter of 20182019 and 1.6 at year-end 2017.2018. Both ratios were impacted by our acquisitions described within investing activities.
Investing Activities
In the first six months of 2018,2019, we used $10.9$79.6 million of cash for investing activities, as compared to using $7.3$10.9 million in the first six months of 2017.2018. The year-over-year increase in capital expenditures iscash used for investing activities was primarily due to higher spending$50.8 million for technology programs, IT infrastructurethe acquisition of NextGen in January 2019, net of the cash received, and headquarters building improvements$35.6 million for the acquisition of GTA in January 2019, net of the first six monthscash received, partially offset by proceeds of 2018 as compared to last year.$13.8 million from primarily the sale of unused land during the second quarter of 2019.
Financing Activities
In the first six months of 2018,2019, we used $20.5generated $8.6 million of cash forfrom financing activities, as compared to using $5.7$20.5 million in the first six months of 2017.2018. The change in cash used in financing activities was primarily related to short-term borrowing activities. Debt totaled $1.7$19.3 million at the end of the second quarter of 20182019 and was $10.2$2.2 million at year-end 2017.2018. Debt-to-total capital (total debt reported onin the consolidated balance sheet divided by total debt plus stockholders’ equity) is a common ratio to measure the relative capital structure and leverage of the Company. Our ratio of debt-to-total capital was 0.1%1.5% at the end of the second quarter of 20182019 and 0.9%0.2% at year-end 2017.2018.
The change in short-term borrowings in the first six months of 2019 was primarily due to borrowings on our securitization facility. The change in short-term borrowings in the first six months of 2018 was primarily due to payments on our revolving credit facility. The change in short-term borrowings in the first six months of 2017 was due to foreign borrowings on local facilities.
We made dividend payments of $5.9 million in the first six months of 2018both 2019 and $5.8 million in the first six months of 2017.2018.



New Accounting Pronouncements
See New Accounting Pronouncements footnote in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of new accounting pronouncements.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
There are no material changes in our obligations and commitments to make future payments from those included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 20, 2018.14, 2019. We have no material unrecorded commitments, losses, contingencies or guarantees associated with any related parties or unconsolidated entities.
Liquidity
We expect to meet our ongoing short-term and long-term cash requirements principally through cash generated from operations, available cash and equivalents, securitization of customer receivables and committed unused credit facilities. We are reviewing our real estate portfolio in the U.S. and other potential sources of liquidity, such as the CICE wage subsidy receivable in France, in an effort to potentially monetize such sources. Additional funding sources could include public or private bonds, asset-based lending, additional bank facilities, issuance of equity or other sources.
We utilize intercompany loans, dividends, capital contributions and redemptions to effectively manage our cash on a global basis. We periodically review our foreign subsidiaries’ cash balances and projected cash needs. As part of those reviews, we may identify cash that we feel should be repatriated to optimize the Company’s overall capital structure. As of the 20182019 second quarter end, these reviews have not resulted in any specific plans to repatriate a majority of our international cash balances. We expect much of our international cash will be needed to fund working capital growth in our local operations. The majority of our international cash is concentrated in a cash pooling arrangement (the “Cash Pool”) and is available to fund general corporate needs internationally. The Cash Pool is a set of cash accounts maintained with a single bank that must, as a whole, maintain at least a zero balance; individual accounts may be positive or negative. This allows countries with excess cash to invest and countries with cash needs to utilize the excess cash.
We manage our cash and debt very closely to optimize our capital structure. As our cash balances build, we tend to pay down debt as appropriate. Conversely, when working capital needs grow, we tend to use corporate cash and cash available in the Cash Pool first, and then access our borrowing facilities.
As of the end of the second quarter of 2018,2019, we had $150.0 million of available capacity on our $150.0 million revolving credit facility and $145.0$130.3 million of available capacity on our $200.0 million securitization facility. The securitization facility carried no$17.0 million of short-term borrowings and $55.0$52.7 million of standby letters of credit related to workers’ compensation. Together, the revolving credit and securitization facilities provide the Company with committed funding capacity that may be used for general corporate purposes. While we believe these facilities will cover our working capital needs over the short term, if economic conditions or operating results change significantly, we may need to seek additional sources of funds. As of the end of the second quarter of 2018,2019, we met the debt covenants related to our revolving credit facility and securitization facility.
We monitor the credit ratings of our major banking partners on a regular basis and have regular discussions with them. Based on our reviews and communications, we believe the risk of one or more of our banks not being able to honor commitments is insignificant. We also review the ratings and holdings of our money market funds and other investment vehicles regularly to ensure high credit quality and access to our invested cash.




Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this report are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or which include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” or variations or negatives thereof or by similar or comparable words or phrases. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible future actions by us that may be provided by management, including oral statements or other written materials released to the public, are also forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our Company and economic and market factors in the countries in which we do business, among other things. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we have no specific intention to update these statements.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that could cause our actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, competitive market pressures including pricing and technology introductions and disruptions, changing market and economic conditions, our ability to achieve our business strategy, the risk of damage to our brand, the risk our intellectual property assets could be infringed upon or compromised, our ability to successfully develop new service offerings, our exposure to risks associated with services outside traditional staffing, including business process outsourcing, our increasing dependency on third parties for the execution of critical functions, the risks associated with past and future acquisitions, exposure to risks associated with investments in equity affiliates including PersolKelly Asia Pacific, material changes in demand from or loss of large corporate customers as well as changes in their buying practices, risks particular to doing business with the government or government contractors, risks associated with conducting business in foreign countries, including foreign currency fluctuations, the exposure to potential market and currency exchange risks relating to our investment in Persol Holdings, risks associated with violations of anti-corruption, trade protection and other laws and regulations, availability of qualified full-time employees, availability of temporary workers with appropriate skills required by customers, liabilities for employment-related claims and losses, including class action lawsuits and collective actions, risks arising from failure to preserve the privacy of information entrusted to us or to meet our obligations under global privacy laws, the risk of cyber attacks or other breaches of network or information technology security, our ability to sustain critical business applications through our key data centers, our ability to effectively implement and manage our information technology projects, our ability to maintain adequate financial and management processes and controls, risk of potential impairment charges triggered by adverse industry developments or operational circumstances, unexpected changes in claim trends on workers’ compensation, unemployment, disability and medical benefit plans, the impact of changes in laws and regulations (including federal, state and international tax laws), competition law risks, the risk of additional tax or unclaimed property liabilities in excess of our estimates, our ability to realize value from our tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards, our ability to maintain specified financial covenants in our bank facilities to continue to access credit markets, and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Actual results may differ materially from any forward-looking statements contained herein, and we have no intention to update these statements. Certain risk factors are discussed more fully under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to foreign currency risk primarily related to our foreign subsidiaries. Exchange rates impact the U.S. dollar value of our reported earnings, our investments in and held by subsidiaries, local currency denominated borrowings and intercompany transactions with and between subsidiaries. Our foreign subsidiaries primarily derive revenues and incur expenses within a single country and currency which, as a result, provide a natural hedge against currency risks in connection with normal business operations. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency rates vs. the U.S. dollar generally do not impact local cash flows. Intercompany transactions which create foreign currency risk include services, royalties, loans, contributions and distributions.
In addition, we are exposed to interest rate risks through our use of the multi-currency line of credit and other borrowings. A hypothetical fluctuation of 10% of market interest rates would not have had a material impact on 20182019 second quarter earnings.
We are exposed to market and currency risks on our investment in Persol Holdings, which may be material. The investment is stated at fair value and is marked to market through net earnings. Foreign currency fluctuations on this yen-denominated investment are reflected as a component of other comprehensive income.income (loss). See Fair Value Measurements footnote in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.



We are exposed to market risk as a result of our obligation to pay benefits under our nonqualified deferred compensation plan and our related investments in company-owned variable universal life insurance policies. The obligation to employees increases and decreases based on movements in the equity and debt markets. The investments in mutual funds, as part of the company-owned variable universal life insurance policies, are designed to mitigate, but not eliminate, this risk with offsetting gains and losses.
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective at a reasonable assurance level.
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings.
In the ordinary course of business, theThe Company is continuously engaged in litigation, threatened ligation, or investigations arising in the ordinary course of its business, such as matters alleging employment discrimination, wage and hour violations, claims for indemnification or liability or violations of privacy rights, or anti-competition regulations, breach of contract and claims or actions related to customer or supplier bankruptcy proceedings or insolvency actions, which could result in a material adverse outcome. There are matters that are currently stayed pending a decision from the United States Supreme Court, regarding the enforceability of class action waivers in favor of arbitration. On May 21, 2018, the Court determined that class action waivers in employment contracts are enforceable.  We are still assessing how the recent Supreme Court ruling affects our litigation strategy. We record accruals for loss contingencies when we believe it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities onand in accrued workers’ compensation and other claims in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company maintains insurance coverage which may cover certain claims. When claims exceed the applicable loss limit and realization of recovery of the claim from existing insurance policies is deemed probable, the Company records receivables from the insurance company for the excess amount, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet.

While the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of any such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


We are also currently engaged in litigation with a customer over a disputed accounts receivable balance for services rendered, which is recorded as a long-term receivable in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. While we believe the balance is collectible, there is a reasonably possible risk of an unfavorable outcome.

In January 2018, the Hungarian Competition Authority initiated proceedings against the Company, along with a local industry trade association and its members due to alleged infringement of national competition regulations. We are fully cooperating with the investigation, and are supplying materials and information to comply with the Authority’s undertakings. The Company does not believe that resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial position.


Item 1A.  Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2017.30, 2018.







Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) Sales of Equity Securities Not Registered Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1933
None.
(c) Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
During the second quarter of 2018,2019, we reacquired shares of our Class A common stock as follows:
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
(or Units)
Purchased
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
(or Unit)
 
Total Number
of Shares (or
Units) Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares (or Units)
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
(in millions of dollars)
April 2, 2018 through May 6, 2018 1,389
 $30.05
 —
 $—
         
May 7, 2018 through June 3, 2018 2,172
 24.50
 —
 $—
         
June 4, 2018 through July 1, 2018 458
 22.45
 —
 $—
         
Total 4,019
 $26.18
 —
  
Period 
Total Number
of Shares
(or Units)
Purchased
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
(or Unit)
 
Total Number
of Shares (or
Units) Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares (or Units)
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
(in millions of dollars)
April 1, 2019 through May 5, 2019 329
 $22.70
 —
 $—
         
May 6, 2019 through June 2, 2019 2,415
 25.09
 —
 $—
         
June 3, 2019 through June 30, 2019 56
 25.26
 —
 $—
         
Total 2,800
 $24.81
 —
  
We may reacquire shares sold to cover taxesemployee tax withholdings due upon the vesting of restricted stock and performance shares held by employees. Accordingly, 4,0192,800 shares were reacquired in transactions during the quarter.


Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.  Other Information.
Not applicable.
Item 6.  Exhibits.
See Index to Exhibits required by Item 601, Regulation S-K, set forth on page 4146 of this filing.






SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 KELLY SERVICES, INC.
  
Date: August 8, 20187, 2019 
  
 /s/ Olivier G. Thirot
 Olivier G. Thirot
  
 Executive Vice President and
 Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: August 8, 20187, 2019 
  
 /s/ Laura S. Lockhart
 Laura S. Lockhart
  
 Vice President, Corporate Controller
 and Chief Accounting Officer
 (Principal Accounting Officer)




INDEX TO EXHIBITS
REQUIRED BY ITEM 601,
REGULATION S-K


Exhibit No. Description
3.2
Kelly Services, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws (Reference is made to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K/A filed with the Commission on April 17, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference).
31.1
 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
   
31.2
 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
   
32.1
 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
32.2
 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
   
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
   
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentDocument.
   
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentDocument.
   
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentDocument.
   
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentDocument.
   
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentDocument.
   


4147