UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q
 
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31,June 30, 2019
OR

o  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____to_____

Commission file number: 001-07964

nbllogoupdated9302014a71.jpg

NOBLE ENERGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 73-0785597
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. employer identification number)
1001 Noble Energy Way  
Houston,Texas 77070
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(281)
872-3100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par valueNBLNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yesý    No o 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yesý    No o
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller
reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filerx
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting companyo
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o    No ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par valueNBLNew York Stock Exchange

As of March 31,June 30, 2019, there were 478,231,487478,253,121 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.




TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Part II. Other Information  
  
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings 
  
Item 1A.  Risk Factors 
  
  
  
  
Item 5.  ��Other Information
  
Item 6.  Exhibits 
  

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Noble Energy, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Income
(millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues          
Oil, NGL and Gas Sales$937
 $1,173
$954
 $1,100
 $1,891
 $2,273
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas74
 53
103
 66
 177
 119
Other Revenue41
 60
36
 64
 77
 124
Total1,052
 1,286
1,093
 1,230
 2,145
 2,516
Costs and Expenses    
  
    
Production Expense305
 319
260
 290
 565
 609
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization508
 468
528
 465
 1,036
 933
General and Administrative102
 104
105
 105
 207
 209
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas87
 57
113
 71
 200
 128
Other Operating Expense, Net49
 50
55
 34
 104
 84
Gain on Divestitures, Net
 (588)
 (78) 
 (666)
Asset Impairments
 168

 
 
 168
Firm Transportation Exit Cost92
 

 
 92
 
Total1,143
 578
1,061
 887
 2,204
 1,465
Operating (Expense) Income(91) 708
Operating Income (Loss)32
 343
 (59) 1,051
Other Expense    
  
    
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments212
 79
(Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments(60) 249
 152
 328
Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized66
 73
63
 73
 129
 146
Other Non-Operating Expense, Net4
 13
1
 11
 5
 24
Total282
 165
4
 333
 286
 498
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes(373) 543
Income Tax Benefit(84) (31)
Net (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income Including Noncontrolling Interests(289) 574
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes28
 10
 (345) 553
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)20
 16
 (64) (15)
Net Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Including Noncontrolling Interests8
 (6) (281) 568
Less: Net Income and Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests24
 20
18
 17
 42
 37
Net (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Noble Energy$(313) $554
$(10) $(23) $(323) $531


 



 

 

 

Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Noble Energy Common Shareholders per Share          
Basic$(0.65) $1.14
$(0.02) $(0.05) $(0.68) $1.09
Diluted$(0.65) $1.14
$(0.02) $(0.05) $(0.68) $1.09
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding          
Basic478
 487
478
 484
 478
 485
Diluted478
 488
478
 484
 478
 487







The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Table of Contents

Noble Energy, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(millions)
(unaudited)
 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
ASSETS   
Current Assets   
Cash and Cash Equivalents$528
 $716
Accounts Receivable, Net573
 616
Other Current Assets142
 418
Total Current Assets1,243
 1,750
Property, Plant and Equipment 
  
Oil and Gas Properties (Successful Efforts Method of Accounting)29,364
 29,002
Property, Plant and Equipment, Other1,012
 891
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross30,376
 29,893
Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(11,675) (11,474)
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net18,701
 18,419
Other Noncurrent Assets1,376
 841
Total Assets$21,320
 $21,010
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY   
Current Liabilities   
Accounts Payable – Trade$1,284
 $1,207
Other Current Liabilities659
 519
Total Current Liabilities1,943
 1,726
Long-Term Debt6,738
 6,574
Deferred Income Taxes961
 1,061
Other Noncurrent Liabilities1,438
 1,165
Total Liabilities$11,080
 $10,526
Commitments and Contingencies

 


Mezzanine Equity   
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Net$97
 $
Shareholders’ Equity 
  
Preferred Stock – Par Value $1.00 per share; 4 Million Shares Authorized; None Issued
 
Common Stock – Par Value $0.01 per share; 1 Billion Shares Authorized; 522 Million and 520 Million Shares Issued, respectively5
 5
Additional Paid in Capital8,219
 8,203
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss(32) (32)
Treasury Stock, at Cost; 39 Million Shares(735) (730)
Retained Earnings1,614
 1,980
Noble Energy Share of Equity9,071
 9,426
Noncontrolling Interests1,072
 1,058
Total Shareholders' Equity10,143
 10,484
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders' Equity$21,320
 $21,010




 June 30,
2019
 December 31, 2018
ASSETS   
Current Assets   
Cash and Cash Equivalents$470
 $716
Accounts Receivable, Net575
 616
Other Current Assets313
 418
Total Current Assets1,358
 1,750
Property, Plant and Equipment 
  
Oil and Gas Properties (Successful Efforts Method of Accounting)29,890
 29,002
Property, Plant and Equipment, Other1,038
 891
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross30,928
 29,893
Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(12,153) (11,474)
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net18,775
 18,419
Other Noncurrent Assets1,516
 841
Total Assets$21,649
 $21,010
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY   
Current Liabilities   
Accounts Payable – Trade$1,313
 $1,207
Other Current Liabilities998
 519
Total Current Liabilities2,311
 1,726
Long-Term Debt6,866
 6,574
Deferred Income Taxes961
 1,061
Other Noncurrent Liabilities1,307
 1,165
Total Liabilities11,445
 10,526
Commitments and Contingencies

 


Mezzanine Equity   
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Net100
 
Shareholders’ Equity 
  
Preferred Stock – Par Value $1.00 per share; 4 Million Shares Authorized; None Issued
 
Common Stock – Par Value $0.01 per share; 1 Billion Shares Authorized; 522 Million and 520 Million Shares Issued, respectively5
 5
Additional Paid in Capital8,244
 8,203
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss(31) (32)
Treasury Stock, at Cost; 39 Million Shares(735) (730)
Retained Earnings1,546
 1,980
Noble Energy Share of Equity9,029
 9,426
Noncontrolling Interests1,075
 1,058
Total Shareholders' Equity10,104
 10,484
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Shareholders' Equity$21,649
 $21,010
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Table of Contents

Noble Energy, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(millions)
(unaudited)
 Three Months Ended March 31,
 2019 2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities   
Net (Loss) Income Including Noncontrolling Interests$(289) $574
Adjustments to Reconcile Net (Loss) Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities   
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization508
 468
Deferred Income Tax Benefit(100) (157)
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments212
 79
Net Cash Received (Paid) in Settlement of Commodity Derivative Instruments14
 (28)
Other Adjustments for Noncash Items Included in Income28
 (2)
Gain on Divestitures, Net
 (588)
Asset Impairments
 168
Firm Transportation Exit Cost92
 
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities   
Decrease in Accounts Receivable9
 89
Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable106
 (33)
Increase in Current Income Taxes Payable45
 14
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net(52) (18)
Other Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net(45) 17
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities528

583
Cash Flows From Investing Activities   
Additions to Property, Plant and Equipment(763) (787)
Acquisitions, Net of Cash Received
 (650)
Additions to Equity Method Investments(271) 
Proceeds from Divestitures, Net123
 865
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities(911)
(572)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities   
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility50
 245
Repayment of Revolving Credit Facility(50) (475)
Proceeds from Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility345
 405
Repayment of Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility(175) (55)
Dividends Paid, Common Stock(53) (48)
Purchase and Retirement of Common Stock
 (67)
Contributions from Noncontrolling Interest Owners10
 333
Proceeds from Issuance of Mezzanine Equity, Net of Offering Costs99
 
Other(32) (40)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities194

298
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash(189)
309
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period719
 713
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period$530
 $1,022


 Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019 2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities   
Net (Loss) Income Including Noncontrolling Interests$(281) $568
Adjustments to Reconcile Net (Loss) Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities   
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization1,036
 933
Deferred Income Tax Benefit(101) (164)
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments152
 328
Net Cash Received (Paid) in Settlement of Commodity Derivative Instruments15
 (93)
Other Adjustments for Noncash Items Included in Income59
 57
Gain on Divestitures, Net
 (666)
Asset Impairments
 168
Firm Transportation Exit Cost92
 
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities   
Decrease in Accounts Receivable35
 76
Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable126
 (24)
Increase in Partner Advances132
 
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net(108) (55)
Other Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net(65) (49)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities1,092

1,079
Cash Flows From Investing Activities   
Additions to Property, Plant and Equipment(1,405) (1,782)
Acquisitions, Net of Cash Received
 (650)
Additions to Equity Method Investments(415) 
Proceeds from Divestitures, Net123
 1,382
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities(1,697)
(1,050)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities   
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility50
 905
Repayment of Revolving Credit Facility(50) (1,135)
Proceeds from Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility560
 610
Repayment of Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility(250) (165)
Proceeds from Commercial Paper Borrowings, Net240
 
Dividends Paid, Common Stock(111) (102)
Purchase and Retirement of Common Stock
 (130)
Contributions from Noncontrolling Interest Owners21
 331
Proceeds from Issuance of Mezzanine Equity, Net of Offering Costs99
 
Repayment of Senior Notes(9) (384)
Other(62) (51)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities488

(121)
Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash(117)
(92)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period719
 713
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period$602
 $621
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Table of Contents

Noble Energy, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(millions)
(unaudited)

Attributable to Noble Energy    Attributable to Noble Energy    
Common Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock at Cost Retained Earnings Non- controlling Interests Total EquityCommon Stock Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock at Cost Retained Earnings Non-controlling Interests Total Equity
December 31, 2018$5
 $8,203
 $(32) $(730) $1,980
 $1,058
 $10,484
$5
 $8,203
 $(32) $(730) $1,980
 $1,058
 $10,484
Net (Loss) Income
 
 
 
 (313) 24
 (289)
 
 
 
 (313) 24
 (289)
Stock-based Compensation
 14
 
 
 
 
 14

 14
 
 
 
 
 14
Dividends (11 cents per share)
 
 
 
 (53) 
 (53)
 
 
 
 (53) 
 (53)
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 (17) (17)
 
 
 
 
 (17) (17)
Contributions from Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 10
 10

 
 
 
 
 10
 10
Other
 2
 
 (5) 
 (3) (6)
 2
 
 (5) 
 (3) (6)
March 31, 2019$5
 $8,219
 $(32) $(735) $1,614
 $1,072
 $10,143
$5
 $8,219
 $(32) $(735) $1,614
 $1,072
 $10,143
Net (Loss) Income
 
 
 
 (10) 18
 8
Stock-based Compensation
 21
 
 
 
 
 21
Dividends (12 cents per share)
 
 
 
 (58) 
 (58)
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 (19) (19)
Contributions from Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 11
 11
Other
 4
 1
 
 
 (7) (2)
June 30, 2019$5
 $8,244
 $(31) $(735) $1,546
 $1,075
 $10,104
                          
December 31, 2017$5
 $8,438
 $(30) $(725) $2,248
 $683
 $10,619
$5
 $8,438
 $(30) $(725) $2,248
 $683
 $10,619
Net Income
 
 
 
 554
 20
 574

 
 
 
 554
 20
 574
Stock-based Compensation
 17
 
 
 
 
 17

 17
 
 
 
 
 17
Dividends (10 cents per share)
 
 
 
 (48) 
 (48)
 
 
 
 (48) 
 (48)
Purchase and Retirement of Common Stock
 (67) 
 
 
 
 (67)
 (67) 
 
 
 
 (67)
Clayton Williams Energy Acquisition
 (25) 
 
 
 
 (25)
 (25) 
 
 
 
 (25)
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 (11) (11)
 
 
 
 
 (11) (11)
Contributions from Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 331
 331

 
 
 
 
 331
 331
Other
 
 1
 (6) 
 2
 (3)
 
 1
 (6) 
 2
 (3)
March 31, 2018$5
 $8,363
 $(29) $(731) $2,754
 $1,025
 $11,387
$5
 $8,363
 $(29) $(731) $2,754
 $1,025
 $11,387
Net (Loss) Income
 
 
 
 (23) 17
 (6)
Stock-based Compensation
 29
 
 
 
 
 29
Dividends (11 cents per share)
 
 
 
 (54) 
 (54)
Purchase and Retirement of Common Stock
 (63) 
 
 
 
 (63)
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Owners
 
 
 
 
 (11) (11)
Other
 
 1
 
 
 (2) (1)
June 30, 2018$5
 $8,329
 $(28) $(731) $2,677
 $1,029
 $11,281



















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 1. Organization and Nature of Operations
Noble Energy, Inc. (Noble Energy, we or us) is a leading independent energy company engaged in worldwide crude oil and natural gas exploration and production. Our historical operating areas include: US onshore, primarily the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin, Delaware Basin and Eagle Ford Shale; US offshore Gulf of Mexico (until April 2018); Eastern Mediterranean; and West Africa. Our Midstream segment develops, owns and operates domestic midstream infrastructure assets, as well as invests in other midstream projects, with current focus areas being the DJ and Delaware Basins.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation
Presentation   The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US (US GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements at March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 and 2018 contain all normally recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and equity for such periods. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. For the periods presented, net income or loss is materially consistent with comprehensive income or loss.
Operating results for the three and six months ended March 31,June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.
These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Consolidation   Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts, the accounts of subsidiaries which Noble Energy wholly owns, and the accounts of Noble Midstream Partners LP (Noble Midstream Partners), which is considered a variable interest entity (VIE) for which Noble Energy is the primary beneficiary. In addition, we use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities that we do not control, but over which we exert significant influence. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. 
Estimates  The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic and commodity price environment.
Partner Advances Partner advances consist of cash advances from certain of our Eastern Mediterranean field partners pending allocation of capacity in the EMG Pipeline owned by Eastern Mediterranean Gas Company S.A.E (EMG) and pending closing of the planned acquisition of EMG, which is expected to occur in third quarter 2019. The EMG Pipeline is expected to provide future connection from the Israel pipeline network to Egyptian customers. The acquisition of the equity interest in EMG is expected to support delivery of natural gas from our producing fields offshore Israel into Egypt. The cash advances received are reported within restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets.
Leases We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease based on the conveyed rights and obligations at the inception date. If an agreement contains an operating or financing lease, at the commencement date, we record a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a corresponding lease liability based on the present value of the minimum lease payments.
As most of our leases do not provide an implicit borrowing rate, to determine the present value of lease payments, we use our hypothetical secured borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement. Further, we make a number ofcertain estimates and judgments regarding the lease term and lease payments.payments, noted below.
Lease Term Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one month to one year or more. Additionally, some of our leases include an option for early termination. We include renewal periods and exclude termination periods from our lease term if, at commencement, it is reasonably likely that we will exercise the option.
Lease Payments Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation or passage of time. These step payments are included within our present value calculation as they are known adjustments at commencement. Some of our lease agreements include variable payments that are excluded from our present value calculation.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For example, drilling rig ROU assets and lease liabilities are recorded using the contractual standby rate, which is the fixed, minimum monthly payment, as opposed to the operating rate, which varies depending on the asset's use.
Additionally, we have lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, such as equipment maintenance, which are generally accounted for as a single lease component. For these leases, lease payments include all fixed payments stated within the contract. For office space, lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees that would impact our lease payments.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Revenue Recognition  We recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer, using a five-step process, in accordance with ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606).
Under ASC 606, remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm sales arrangements for which volumes have not been delivered. In Israel, certain of our Tamar natural gas contracts have fixed annual sales volumes and fixed base pricing with annual index escalations. The following table includes estimated revenues, as of March 31,June 30, 2019, for those agreements. Our actual future sales volumes may exceed future minimum volume commitments.
(millions)Remainder of 2019 2020 TotalRemainder of 2019 2020 Total
Natural Gas Revenues (1)
$108
 $116
 $224
$72
 $116
 $188
(1) 
The remaining performance obligations are estimated using the contractual base or floor price provision in effect. Future revenues under these contracts will vary from the amounts above due to components of variable consideration exceeding the contractual base or floor price provision.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest OnIn March 25, 2019, Noble Midstream Partners secured a $200 million equity commitment (preferred equity) from Global Infrastructure Partners Capital Solutions FundGIP CAPS Dos Rios Holding Partnership, L.P. (GIP), of which to fund capital contributions in connection with Noble Midstream Partners’ 30% equity investment in EPIC Crude Holdings, LP (EPIC Crude Holdings). GIP funded $100 million has been funded,of the commitment, with associated offering costs of $3 million.million, and the remaining $100 million is available for a one-year period, subject to certain conditions precedent. The preferred equity was recorded initiallyis perpetual and has a 6.5% annual dividend rate, payable quarterly in cash, with the ability to defer payment during the first two years following the closing. Noble Midstream Partners can redeem the preferred equity in whole or in part at fair value onany time for cash at a predetermined redemption price. GIP can request redemption of the issuance date. preferred equity following the later of the sixth anniversary of the preferred equity closing or the fifth anniversary of the EPIC crude oil pipeline completion date at a pre-determined base return.
As GIP’s redemption right is outside of Noble Midstream Partners'Partners’ control, the preferred equity is not considered to be a component of equity on the consolidated balance sheet and, such preferred equitytherefore, is reported as mezzanine equity on the consolidated balance sheet.equity. In addition, because the preferred equity was issued by a subsidiary of Noble Midstream Partners and is held by a third party, it is considered a redeemable noncontrolling interest. Subsequent to issuance, we accrete changes in the redemption value of the preferred equity from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the preferred equity. Accretion for first quarter 2019 was also de minimis.The accretion is offset against additional paid in capital. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures and Note 13. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Financial Instruments: Credit Losses In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13): Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology used for certain financial instruments with a methodology that reflects current expected credit losses. The update is intended to provide financial statement users with more useful information aboutcurrent expected credit losses. The amended standardloss (CECL) model applies to a broad scope of financial instruments, including financial assets measured at amortized cost. CECL also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance, such as financial guarantees and other unfunded loan commitments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and shall be applied using a modified retrospective approach. approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the adoption period.
The FASB subsequently issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-04 (ASU 2019-04): Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments and Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-05 (ASU 2019-05): Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326)-Targeted Transition Relief. ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05 provide certain codification improvements related to CECL implementation and targeted transition relief consisting of an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for eligible instruments.
From evaluation of our current credit portfolio, which includes receivables for commodity sales, joint interest billings due from partners and other receivables, historical credit losses have been de minimis and we believe that our expected future credit losses will not be significant. As such, based on our current portfolio, we do not believe adoption of the standard will have a material impact on our financial statements. AsWe have developed and are executing an implementation plan, which includes data collection, contract review and
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

assessment, and evaluation of our implementation team progresses assessment, wesystems, processes and internal controls. We will continue to monitor changes in our credit portfolio in light of the provisions in ASU 2016-13.
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use SoftwareIn August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15 (ASU 2018-15): Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, to align the requirements for capitalizingoff-balance sheet exposures as our implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amended standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2018-15.plan progresses.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02), which created Topic 842 – Leases (ASC 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by leases. ASC 842 also requires disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This standard does not apply to leases to explore for or use minerals, oil, natural gas or similar nonregenerative resources, including the intangible right to explore for those resources and rights to use the land in in which those natural resources are contained.
The new standard provided a number of optional practical expedients. We elected:
the package of transition “practical expedients”, permitting us not to reassess our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs;
the practical expedient pertaining to land easements, allowing us to account for existing land easements under previous accounting policy; and
the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for the majority of our leases (elected by asset class).
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

We adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approachmethod and, therefore, prior period financial statements were not adjusted. At adoption, we recorded ROU assets and lease liabilities of $282 million and $287 million, respectively, primarily related to operating leases. The difference between amounts recorded for ROU assets and amounts recorded for lease liabilities totaled $5 million. This amount was recognized as other operating expense. Our accounting for finance leases remains substantially unchanged. Adoption did not materially impact our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income and had no impact on our consolidated statement of cash flows. See Note 8. Leases.
Derivatives and Hedging – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12 (ASU 2017-12): Derivatives and Hedging – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The update is intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition to that main objective, ASU 2017-12 makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current US GAAP. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have an impact on our financial statements.
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use SoftwareIn August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15 (ASU 2018-15): Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amended standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this ASU in second quarter 2019 using the prospective method. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Statements of Operations Information  Other statements of operations information is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Other Revenue    
  
    
Income from Equity Method Investees$17
 $47
Income from Equity Method Investees and Other$16
 $49
 $33
 $96
Midstream Services Revenues – Third Party24
 13
20
 15
 44
 28
Total$41
 $60
$36
 $64
 $77
 $124
Production Expense    
  
    
Lease Operating Expense$151
 $155
$122
 $132
 $273
 $287
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes49
 54
41
 50
 90
 104
Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense102
 93
96
 98
 198
 191
Other Royalty Expense3
 17
1
 10
 4
 27
Total$305
 $319
$260
 $290
 $565
 $609
Other Operating Expense, Net          
Exploration Expense$24
 $35
$33
 $29
 $57
 $64
Marketing Expense14
 9
 19
 16
Other, Net25
 15
8
 (4) 28
 4
Total$49
 $50
$55
 $34
 $104
 $84


Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Balance Sheet Information  Other balance sheet information is as follows:
(millions)March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Accounts Receivable, Net      
Commodity Sales$384
 $383
$346
 $383
Joint Interest Billings124
 137
153
 137
Other80
 111
91
 111
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts(15) (15)(15) (15)
Total$573
 $616
$575
 $616
Other Current Assets 
  
 
  
Commodity Derivative Assets$9
 $180
$30
 $180
Inventories, Materials and Supplies70
 55
68
 55
Assets Held for Sale (1)

 133

 133
Restricted Cash (2)
132
 3
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets63
 50
83
 47
Total$142
 $418
$313
 $418
Other Noncurrent Assets 
  
 
  
Equity Method Investments (2)
$559
 $286
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets (3)
273
 
Customer-Related Intangible Assets, Net (4)
302
 310
Goodwill (4)
110
 110
Equity Method Investments (3)
$699
 $286
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets (4)
272
 
Customer-Related Intangible Assets, Net (5)
294
 310
Goodwill (5)
110
 110
Other Assets, Noncurrent132
 135
141
 135
Total$1,376
 $841
$1,516
 $841
Other Current Liabilities 
  
 
  
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes$106
 $103
$132
 $103
Asset Retirement Obligations118
 118
85
 118
Interest Payable85
 66
64
 66
Operating Lease Liabilities (4)
88
 
Commercial Paper Borrowings240
 
Partner Advances (2)
132
 
Other Liabilities, Current350
 232
257
 232
Total$659
 $519
$998
 $519
Other Noncurrent Liabilities 
  
 
  
Deferred Compensation Liabilities$149
 $147
$147
 $147
Asset Retirement Obligations749
 762
707
 762
Operating Lease Liabilities (3)
194
 
Firm Transportation Exit Cost Accrual (5)
156
 67
Operating Lease Liabilities (4)
190
 
Firm Transportation Exit Cost Accrual (6)
144
 67
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes88
 83
24
 83
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent102
 106
95
 106
Total$1,438
 $1,165
$1,307
 $1,165
(1) 
Assets held for sale at December 31, 2018 include assets related to the first quarter 2019 divestiture of non-core acreage in Reeves County, Texas. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
(2) 
See Partner Advances, above.
(3)
The 2019 amount includes Noble Midstream Partners' $227$369 million investment in EPIC Y-Grade, LP (EPIC Y-Grade) and EPIC Crude Holdings LP and $38its $39 million investment in Delaware Crossing LLC. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
(3)(4) 
Amounts relate to assets and liabilities recorded as a result of ASC 842 adoption in first quarter 2019. See Note 8. Leases.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(4)(5) 
Amounts relate to assets acquired in the first quarter 2018 Saddle Butte Acquisition.acquisition. Intangible asset amountsbalances at March 31,June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are net of accumulated amortization of $38$46 million and $30 million, respectively. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
(5)(6) 
See Note 9. Exit Cost – Transportation Commitments.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Reconciliation of Total Cash We define total cash as cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The following table provides a reconciliation of total cash:
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period$716
 $675
$716
 $675
Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period3
 38
3
 38
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period$719
 $713
$719
 $713
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period$528
 $992
$470
 $621
Restricted Cash at End of Period2
 30
132
 
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period$530
 $1,022
$602
 $621

Note 3. Segment Information
We have the following reportable segments: United States (US onshore and Gulf of Mexico (until April 2018)); Eastern Mediterranean (Israel and Cyprus); West Africa (Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon and Gabon); Other International (Canada, and New Ventures includingand Colombia); and Midstream. The Midstream segment includes the consolidated accounts of Noble Midstream Partners and other US onshore midstream assets.
The geographical reportable segments are in the business of crude oil and natural gas acquisition and exploration, development, and production (Oil and Gas Exploration and Production). The Midstream reportable segment develops, owns, and operates domestic midstream infrastructure assets, as well as invests in other midstream projects. The chief operating decision maker analyzes income before income taxes to assess the performance of Noble Energy's reportable segments as management believes this measure provides useful information in assessing our operating and financial performance across periods.
Corporate level expenses includeExpenses related to debt, such as interest and other debt-related costs, headquarters depreciation, corporate general and administrative expenses, exit costs and certain costs associated with mitigating the effects of our retained Marcellus Shale firm transportation agreements.agreements, are recorded at the Corporate level.
  Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream    Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream  
(millions)Consolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 CorporateConsolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 Corporate
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019  
  
  
        
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019Three Months Ended June 30, 2019              
Crude Oil Sales$612
 $545
 $1
 $66
 $
 $
 $
 $
$688
 $617
 $2
 $69
 $
 $
 $
 $
NGL Sales96
 96
 
 
 
 
 
 
84
 84
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas Sales229
 108
 117
 4
 
 
 
 
182
 72
 105
 5
 
 
 
 
Total Crude Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Sales937
 749
 118
 70
 
 
 
 
954
 773
 107
 74
 
 
 
 
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas74
 14
 
 
 
 33
 
 27
103
 28
 
 
 
 52
 
 23
Income from Equity Method Investees17
 
 
 15
 
 2
 
 
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investees and Other16
 1
 
 17
 
 (2) 
 
Midstream Services Revenues Third Party
24
 
 
 
 
 24
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
 20
 
 
Intersegment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 106
 (106) 

 
 
 
 
 91
 (91) 
Total Revenues1,052
 763
 118
 85
 
 165
 (106) 27
1,093
 802
 107
 91
 
 161
 (91) 23
Lease Operating Expense151
 125
 10
 24
 
 1
 (9) 
122
 114
 9
 10
 
 1
 (12) 
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes49
 47
 
 
 
 2
 
 
41
 40
 
 
 
 1
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense102
 142
 
 
 
 29
 (69) 
96
 124
 
 
 
 31
 (59) 
Other Royalty Expense3
 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Production Expense305
 317
 10
 24
 
 32
 (78) 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization508
 439
 16
 20
 
 25
 (7) 15

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

  Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream    Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream  
(millions)Consolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 CorporateConsolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 Corporate
Other Royalty Expense1
 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Production Expense260
 279
 9
 10
 
 33
 (71) 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization528
 457
 17
 19
 
 26
 (6) 15
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas87
 14
 
 
 
 31
 
 42
113
 28
 
 
 
 48
 
 37
Firm Transportation Exit Cost92
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments212
 188
 
 24
 
 
 
 
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes(373) (247) 84
 11
 (16) 73
 (14) (264)
Gain on Commodity Derivative Instruments(60) (58) 
 (2) 
 
 
 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes28
 70
 65
 59
 (15) 46
 (15) (182)
Additions to Long-Lived Assets, Excluding Acquisitions712
 511
 132
 5
 10
 66
 (23) 11
647
 478
 119
 12
 2
 52
 (25) 9
Investments in Equity Method Investees271
 
 
 
 
 271
 
 
144
 
 
 
 
 144
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018  
  
  
        
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018Three Months Ended June 30, 2018              
Crude Oil Sales$773
 $682
 $2
 $89
 $
 $
 $
 $
$749
 $635
 $2
 $112
 $
 $
 $
 $
NGL Sales146
 146
 
 
 
 
 
 
137
 137
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas Sales254
 120
 129
 5
 
 
 
 
214
 98
 111
 5
 
 
 
 
Total Crude Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Sales1,173
 948
 131
 94
 
 
 
 
1,100
 870
 113
 117
 
 
 
 
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas53
 
 
 
 
 22
 
 31
66
 
 
 
 
 42
 
 24
Income from Equity Method Investees47
 
 
 35
 
 12
 
 
Income from Equity Method Investees and Other49
 
 
 36
 
 13
 
 
Midstream Services Revenues Third Party
13
 
 
 
 
 13
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 15
 
 
Intersegment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 81
 (81) 

 
 
 
 
 85
 (85) 
Total Revenues1,286
 948
 131
 129
 
 128
 (81) 31
1,230
 870
 113
 153
 
 155
 (85) 24
Lease Operating Expense155
 126
 7
 22
 
 
 
 
132
 114
 5
 19
 
 
 (6) 
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes54
 53
 
 
 
 1
 
 
50
 48
 
 
 
 2
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense93
 128
 
 
 
 20
 (53) 
98
 131
 
 
 
 22
 (55) 
Other Royalty Expense17
 17
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
 10
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Production Expense319
 324
 7
 22
 
 21
 (53) 
290
 303
 5
 19
 
 24
 (61) 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization468
 404
 13
 26
 
 17
 (3) 11
465
 394
 15
 26
 
 22
 (4) 12
Gain on Divestitures, Net(588) (6) (386) 
 
 (196) 
 
Asset Impairments168
 168
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Gain) Loss on Divestitures, Net(78) 21
 10
 
 
 (109) 
 
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas57
 
 
 
 
 21
 
 36
71
 
 
 
 
 40
 
 31
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments79
 64
 
 15
 
 
 
 
249
 196
 
 53
 
 
 
 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes543
 (43) 473
 64
 (9) 247
 (15) (174)10
 (90) 62
 48
 (13) 175
 (18) (154)
Additions to Long-Lived Assets, Excluding Acquisitions905
 534
 147
 2
 2
 242
 (32) 10
935
 561
 216
 3
 
 155
 (18) 18
March 31, 2019 
  
  
  
        
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net$18,701
 $13,145
 $2,728
 $736
 $119
 $1,801
 $(162) $334
December 31, 2018   
  
  
        
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net$18,419
 $13,044
 $2,630
 $805
 $37
 $1,742
 $(145) $306
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019              
Crude Oil Sales$1,300
 $1,162
 $3
 $135
 $
 $
 $
 $
NGL Sales180
 180
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas Sales411
 180
 222
 9
 
 
 
 

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

   Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream  
(millions)Consolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 Corporate
Total Crude Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Sales1,891
 1,522
 225
 144
 
 
 
 
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas177
 42
 
 
 
 85
 
 50
Income from Equity Method Investees and Other33
 1
 
 32
 
 
 
 
Midstream Services Revenues  Third Party
44
 
 
 
 
 44
 
 
Intersegment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 197
 (197) 

Total Revenues2,145
 1,565
 225
 176
 
 326
 (197) 50
Lease Operating Expense273
 239
 19
 34
 
 2
 (21) 
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes90
 87
 
 
 
 3
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense198
 266
 
 
 
 60
 (128) 
Other Royalty Expense4
 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Production Expense565
 596
 19
 34
 
 65
 (149) 
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization1,036
 896
 33
 39
 
 51
 (13) 30
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas200
 42
 
 
 
 79
 
 79
Firm Transportation Exit Cost92
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments152
 130
 
 22
 
 
 
 
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes(345) (177) 149
 70
 (31) 119
 (29) (446)
Additions to Long-Lived Assets, Excluding Acquisitions1,359
 990
 251
 18
 12
 118
 (48) 18
Investments in Equity Method Investees415
 
 
 
 
 415
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018              
Crude Oil Sales$1,522
 $1,317
 $4
 $201
 $
 $
 $
 $
NGL Sales283
 283
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas Sales468
 218
 240
 10
 
 
 
 
Total Crude Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Sales2,273
 1,818
 244
 211
 
 
 
 
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas119
 
 
 
 
 64
 
 55
Income from Equity Method Investees and Other96
 
 
 71
 
 25
 
 
Midstream Services Revenues  Third Party
28
 
 
 
 
 28
 
 
Intersegment Revenues
 
 
 
 
 166
 (166) 
Total Revenues2,516
 1,818
 244
 282
 
 283
 (166) 55
Lease Operating Expense287
 240
 12
 41
 
 
 (6) 
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes104
 101
 
 
 
 3
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing Expense191
 256
 
 
 
 43
 (108) 
Other Royalty Expense27
 27
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Production Expense609
 624
 12
 41
 
 46
 (114) 

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

   Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Midstream  
(millions)Consolidated United States Eastern Mediter-ranean West Africa Other Int'l United States 
Intersegment Eliminations and Other (1)
 Corporate
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization933
 800
 28
 52
 
 38
 (8) 23
(Gain) Loss on Divestitures, Net(666) 15
 (376) 
 
 (305) 
 
Asset Impairments168
 168
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas128
 
 
 
 
 61
 
 67
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments328
 260
 
 68
 
 
 
 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes553
 (127) 535
 112
 (27) 428
 (40) (328)
Additions to Long-Lived Assets, Excluding Acquisitions1,840
 1,095
 363
 5
 2
 397
 (50) 28
June 30, 2019 
  
  
  
        
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net$18,775
 $13,095
 $2,879
 $773
 $36
 $1,841
 $(185) $336
December 31, 2018   
  
  
        
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net$18,419
 $13,044
 $2,630
 $805
 $37
 $1,742
 $(145) $306

(1) 
The intersegment eliminations related to income before income taxes are the result of midstream expenditures.  These costs are presented as property, plant and equipment within the E&P business on an unconsolidated basis, in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting, and are eliminated upon consolidation.
Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures
We maintain an ongoing portfolio management program and have engaged in various transactions over recent years.
2019 Asset Transactions
Divestiture of Reeves County Assets In February 2019, we closed the sale of certain proved and unproved non-core acreage in the Delaware Basin totaling approximately 13,000 net acres in southwestern Reeves County, Texas. We received cash consideration of approximately $131 million, recognizing no gain or loss on the sale.
EPIC PipelinesPipeline Investments In first quarter 2019, Noble Midstream Partners exercised and closed options with EPIC Midstream Holdings, LP (EPIC) to acquire a 15% equity interest in EPIC Y-Grade, LP (EPIC Y-Grade), which is constructing the EPIC Y-gradeY-Grade pipeline from the Delaware Basin to Corpus Christi, Texas, and a 30% equity interest in EPIC Crude Holdings, LP (EPIC Crude Holdings), which is constructing the EPIC crude oil pipeline also from the Delaware Basin to Corpus Christi, Texas. Cash consideration totaled $227 million. In second quarter 2019, Noble Midstream Partners made additional capital contributions of $28 million and $114 million to EPIC Y-Grade and EPIC Crude Holdings, respectively, to fund its share of pipeline construction costs. These investments are accounted for using the equity method.
Also, on March 25, 2019, Noble Midstream Partners secured a $200 million preferred equity commitment from GIP to fund capital contributions to Dos Rios Crude Intermediate LLC, a subsidiary formed by Noble Midstream Partners to hold the 30% equity interest in EPIC Crude Holdings. GIP funded $100 million and the remaining $100 million is available for a one-year period, subject to certain conditions precedent. The preferred equity is perpetual and has a 6.5% annual dividend rate, payable quarterly in cash, with the ability to defer payment during the first two years following the closing. In addition, Noble Midstream Partners can redeem the preferred equity in whole or in part at any time for cash at a predetermined redemption price. GIP can request redemption of the preferred equity following the later of the sixth anniversary of the preferred equity closing or the fifth anniversary of the EPIC crude oil pipeline completion date at a pre-determined base return. Proceeds from the preferred equity issuance were used to repay a portion of outstanding borrowings under the Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, which were drawn to fund its exercise of the option to invest in EPIC Crude Holdings. See Note. 2Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Note 13. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Delaware Crossing Joint Venture In February 2019, Noble Midstream Partners executed definitive agreements with Salt Creek Midstream LLC (Salt Creek) to form a 50/50 joint venture, Delaware Crossing LLC (Delaware Crossing), to construct a 160 MBbl/d day crude oil pipeline system in the Delaware Basin. As Salt Creek had commenced constructionFor the first six months of the pipeline prior to formation of the joint venture,2019, Noble Midstream Partners made capital contributions of $38$39 million at closing.for construction of the pipeline. This investment is accounted for using the equity method.
Other Divestitures, Net In first quarter 2019, we also closed the sales of certain other non-core US onshore properties which resulted in net payments of approximately $8 million.
2018 Asset Transactions
Divestiture of Gulf of Mexico Assets  In February 2018, we announced plans to sell our Gulf of Mexico assets for cash consideration of $480 million, along with the assumption, by the purchaser, of all abandonment obligations associated with the properties. As of March 31, 2018, we reduced the net book value of the Gulf of Mexico assets to $480 million. In addition, we retained certain transaction related obligations approximating $92 million which were subsequently settled upon closing. During first quarter 2018, we recorded impairment expense of $168 million associated with these assets held for sale. The transaction closed in second quarter 2018. We received net proceeds of $383 million and recorded an additional loss of $19 million.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Divestiture of 7.5% Interest in Tamar Field In March 2018, we closed the sale of a 7.5% working interest in the Tamar field to Tamar Petroleum Ltd., a publicly traded entity on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (Tamar Petroleum, TASE: TMRP). Total consideration included cash of $487$484 million and 38.5 million shares of Tamar Petroleum that had a publicly traded value of $224 million. Total consideration received from the sale was applied to the field's basis and resulted in the recognition of a pre-tax gain of $386 million and tax expense of $90 million.
In October 2018, we sold our shares in Tamar Petroleum.Petroleum for pre-tax proceeds of $163 million, net of transaction expenses. The sale was in accordance with the terms of the Israel Natural Gas Framework and completed our obligation to reduce our ownership interest in the Tamar field from 32.5% to 25% by year-end 2021.year end-2021.
Divestiture of Southwest Royalties In January 2018, we closed the sale of our investment in Southwest Royalties, Inc. We received proceeds of $60 million, recognizing no gain or loss on the sale.
Divestiture of Marcellus Shale CONE Gathering In January 2018, we closed the sale of our 50% interest in CONE Gathering LLC (CONE Gathering) to CNX Resources Corporation. CONE Gathering owns the general partner of CNX Midstream
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Partners LP (CNX Midstream Partners, NYSE: CNXM). We received proceeds of $308 million in cash and recognized a pre-tax gain of $196 million.
After the sale, we held 21.7 million common units, representing a 33.5%34.1% limited partner interest in CNX Midstream Partners. During second quarter 2018, we sold 7.5 million common units, receiving net proceeds of $135 million, net of underwriting fees, and recognized a gain of $109 million. During third quarter 2018, we sold the remaining 14.2 million common units, representing a 22.3% limited partner interest, in CNX Midstream Partners, which were subsequently divested in 2018.receiving proceeds net of underwriting fees of approximately $248 million, and recognized a gain of $198 million.
Noble Midstream Partners Saddle Butte Acquisition In January 2018, Noble Midstream Partners acquired a 54.4% interest in Black Diamond Gathering LLC (Black Diamond), an entity formed by Black Diamond Gathering Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Noble Midstream Partners, and Greenfield Midstream, LLC (Greenfield), which completed the acquisition of Saddle Butte Rockies Midstream, LLC and affiliates (collectively, Saddle Butte) from Saddle Butte Pipeline II, LLC. Saddle Butte ownedowns a large-scale integrated gathering system, located in the DJ Basin, which we subsequently renamed the Black Diamond gathering system. Consideration totaled $681 million and Black Diamond is consolidated as a VIE.
We accounted for the transaction as a business combination using the acquisition method. The total purchase price was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on acquisition date fair values, and we recognized goodwill for the amount of the purchase price exceeding the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired. The final purchase price allocation included: $206 million to property, plant and equipment; $340 million to customer-related intangible assets (acquired customer contracts); and $110 million to implied goodwill.
Other Divestitures, Net In first quarter 2018, we also closed the sales of other non-core US onshore properties and received net cash consideration of approximately $10 million, recording a gain of $6 million.
Note 5. Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs and Undeveloped Leasehold Costs
Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs We capitalize exploratory well costs until a determination is made that the well has found proved reserves or is deemed noncommercial. On a quarterly basis, we review the status of suspended exploratory well costs and assess the development of these projects. If a well is deemed to be noncommercial, the well costs are charged to exploration expense as dry hole cost.
There were no significant changes to our capitalized exploratory well costs during the period. The following table provides an aging of capitalized exploratory well costs based on the date that drilling commenced:
(millions, except number of projects)March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30,
2019
 December 31,
2018
Exploratory Well Costs Capitalized for a Period of One Year or Less$9
 $6
$11
 $6
Exploratory Well Costs Capitalized for a Period Greater Than One Year Since Commencement of Drilling350
 348
351
 348
Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs, End of Period$359
 $354
$362
 $354
Number of Projects with Exploratory Well Costs That Have Been Capitalized for a Period Greater Than One Year Since Commencement of Drilling7
 7
7
 7


Undeveloped Leasehold Costs Undeveloped leasehold costs are derived from allocated fair values as a result of business combinations or other purchases of unproved properties and are subject to impairment testing. We reclassify undeveloped leasehold costs to proved property costs when, as a result of exploration and development activities, probable and possible resources are reclassified to proved reserves, including proved undeveloped reserves. On the other hand, if, based upon a change in exploration plans, timing and extent of development activities, availability of capital and suitable rig and drilling
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

equipment, resource potential, comparative economics, changing regulations and/or other factors, an impairment is indicated, we record impairmentexploration expense related to the respective leases or licenses.

Changes in undeveloped leasehold costs were as follows:
(millions)Three Months Ended March 31, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Undeveloped Leasehold Costs, Beginning of Period$2,306
$2,306
Additions to Undeveloped Leasehold Costs47
50
Transfers to Proved Properties
(11)
Assets Sold(2)(2)
Undeveloped Leasehold Costs, End of Period$2,351
$2,343

As of March 31,June 30, 2019, undeveloped leasehold costs included $2.1 billion, $100 million, $70$73 million, and $59 million attributable to the Delaware Basin, Eagle Ford Shale, other US onshore properties, and international properties, respectively.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Certain of these costs pertain to acquired leases or licenses that are subject to expiration over the next several years unless production is established on units containing the acreage. Other costs pertain to acreage that is being held by production.
Note 6. Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) consist primarily of estimated costs of dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities associated with our oil and gas properties. Changes in ARO are as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018
Asset Retirement Obligations, Beginning Balance$880
 $875
$880
 $875
Liabilities Incurred2
 2
15
 14
Liabilities Settled(27) (20)(56) (261)
Revisions of Estimates
 (11)(70) (10)
Reclassification to Liabilities Associated with Assets Held for Sale
 (227)
Accretion Expense12
 9
23
 17
Asset Retirement Obligations, Ending Balance$867
 $628
$792
 $635

ThreeSix Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2019 Liabilities settled of $27 million relate to abandonment of US onshore properties, primarily in the DJ Basin where we have engaged in a program to plug and abandon older vertical wells. Costs associated with these abandonment activities will be incurred over several years. Revisions of estimates relate primarily to a decrease of $73 million in the DJ Basin as a result of improved cycle times and cost reductions for vertical wells.
ThreeSix Months Ended March 31,June 30, 2018 We transferred $227Liabilities settled include $216 million of ARO liabilities related toassumed by the purchaser of the Gulf of Mexico properties to liabilities associated with assets held for sale. Liabilities settled include $20and $44 million related to abandonment of US onshore properties, primarily in the DJ Basin. Revisions of estimates relate primarily to decreases in cost and timing estimates of $11 million associated with the North Sea abandonment project.project and $6 million for Eastern Mediterranean, partially offset by an increase in cost and timing estimates of $7 million for US onshore.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7. Debt
Debt consists of the following:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(millions, except percentages)Debt Interest Rate
 Debt Interest RateDebt Interest Rate
 Debt Interest Rate
Revolving Credit Facility, due March 9, 2023 (1)
$
 % $
 %
Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, due March 9, 2023 (2)
230
 3.66% 60
 3.67%
Noble Midstream Services Term Loan Credit Facility, due July 31, 2021500
 3.41% 500
 3.42%
Noble Energy, Excluding Noble Midstream Partners       
Revolving Credit Facility, due March 9, 2023$
 % $
 %
Commercial Paper Borrowings240
 
(1 
) 
 
 %
Senior Notes and Debentures5,892
 
(3 
) 
 5,892
 
(3 
) 
5,884
 
(2 
) 
 5,892
 
(2 
) 
Finance Lease Obligations (4)
215
 % 223
 %211
 % 223
 %
Total6,837
   6,675
  
Total Noble Energy Debt, Excluding Noble Midstream Partners Debt6,335
   6,115
  
Noble Midstream Partners       
Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, due March 9, 2023 (3)
370
 3.77% 60
 3.67%
Noble Midstream Services Term Loan Credit Facility, due July 31, 2021500
 3.51% 500
 3.42%
Total Noble Midstream Partners Debt870
   560
  
Total Debt7,205
   6,675
  
Net Unamortized Discounts and Debt Issuance Costs(58)   (60)  (58)   (60)  
Total Debt6,779
   6,615
  
Total Debt, Net of Unamortized Discounts and Debt Issuance Costs7,147
   6,615
  
Less Amounts Due Within One Year              
Finance Lease Obligations (4)
(41)   (41)  
Commercial Paper Borrowings(240)   
  
Finance Lease Obligations(41)   (41)  
Long-Term Debt Due After One Year$6,738
   $6,574
  $6,866
   $6,574
  

(1) 
As of March 31,June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Revolving Credit Facility had $4.0 billion of capacity and the entire amountweighted average interest rate for outstanding commercial paper was available for borrowing.3.04%.
(2) 
As of MarchJune 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Senior Notes and Debentures had weighted average interest rates of 5.00% and 5.01%, respectively.
(3)
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility had $800 million of capacity. Amounts available for borrowing at totaled $570$430 million and $740 million, respectively.
(3)
The Senior Notes and Debentures have weighted average interest rates of 5.01% for both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(4)
See Note 8. Leases.

Commercial Paper Program In first quarter 2019, we established a commercial paper program to provide for short-term funding needs. The program allows for a maximum of $4.0 billion of unsecured commercial paper notes and is supported by
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Noble Energy’s $4.0 billion Revolving Credit Facility. CommercialOur commercial paper notes, which generally has a maturity of between 1 and 90 days, although it can have a maturity of up to 397 days. The commercial paper isless than 30 days, are sold under customary terms in the commercial paper market and notes are either issued at a discounted price relative to the principal face value or will bear interest at varying interest rates on a fixed or floating basis. Such discounted prices or interest amountsrates are dependent on market conditions and ratings assigned to the commercial paper program by credit agencies at the time of commercial paper issuance. No borrowings or repayments occurred during first quarterAt June 30, 2019, under theoutstanding commercial paper program.borrowings totaled $240 million, leaving $3.8 billion available for borrowing under our $4.0 billion Revolving Credit Facility.
Redemption of Senior Notes In June 2019, we redeemed $8 million of Senior Notes due June 1, 2024 that we assumed in the 2015 merger with Rosetta Resources, Inc. for approximately $9 million, including call premium and interest.
Fair Value of Debt See Note 13. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Note 8. Leases
In the normal course of business, we enter into operating and finance lease agreements to support our operations. Operating leases include primarily office space for our corporate and field locations, US onshore compressors and drilling rigs, vessels and helicopters for offshore operations, storage facilities, and other miscellaneous assets. Finance leases include corporate office space, a trunkline in the DJ Basin, a floating production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO) in West Africa, and vehicles. Our leasing activity is recorded and presented on a gross basis, with the exception of the FPSO which is recorded net to our interest.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Balance Sheet Information ROU assets and lease liabilities are as follows:
(millions)Balance Sheet LocationMarch 31, 2019Balance Sheet LocationJune 30, 2019
ROU Assets    
Operating Leases (1)
Other Noncurrent Assets$273
Other Noncurrent Assets$272
Finance Leases (2)
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net179
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net175
Total ROU Assets $452
 $447
Lease Liabilities    
Current Liabilities    
Operating LeasesOther Current Liabilities$86
Other Current Liabilities$88
Finance LeasesOther Current Liabilities41
Other Current Liabilities41
Noncurrent Liabilities    
Operating LeasesOther Noncurrent Liabilities194
Other Noncurrent Liabilities190
Finance LeasesLong-Term Debt174
Long-Term Debt170
Total Lease Liabilities $495
 $489
(1) 
Operating lease ROU assets include primarily office space of $107$117 million, compressors of $87$88 million, and drilling rigs of $40$35 million.
(2) 
Finance lease ROU assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $449 million as of March 31, 2019. Assets include primarily office space of $96$94 million, net.net of accumulated amortization.

Statement of Operations Information The components of lease cost are as follows:
(millions)Statement of Operations LocationThree Months Ended March 31, 2019Statement of Operations LocationThree Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating Lease Cost
(1) 
$25
(1) 
$26
 $51
Finance Lease Cost      
Amortization Expense on ROU AssetsDepreciation, Depletion and Amortization8
Interest Expense on Lease LiabilitiesInterest, Net of Amount Capitalized3
Amortization ExpenseDepreciation, Depletion and Amortization9
 17
Interest ExpenseInterest, Net of Amount Capitalized4
 7
Short-term Lease Cost (2)
(1) 
126
(1) 
143
 269
Variable Lease Cost (3)
(1) 

(1) 

 
Sublease IncomeGeneral and Administrative(1)General and Administrative(1) (2)
Total Lease Cost $161
 $181
 $342
(1) 
Cost classification varies depending on the leased asset. Costs are primarily included within production expense and general and administrative expense. In addition, in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting, certain lease costs may be capitalized when incurred, as part of oil and gas properties on our consolidated balance sheet.
(2) 
Short-term lease costs relate primarily to hydraulic fracturing services, well-to-well drilling rig contracts and other miscellaneous lease agreements. Amount excludes costs for leases with aan initial term of one month or less.
(3) 
Variable lease costs were de minimis for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Cash Flow Information Supplemental cash flow information is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(millions)Operating Leases Finance LeasesOperating Leases Finance Leases
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities      
Operating Cash Flows$15
 $3
$30
 $6
Financing Cash Flows
 10

 20
Investing Cash Flows9
 
18
 
ROU Assets Obtained in Exchange for Lease Liabilities (1)
34
 2
58
 8
(1) 
Amounts exclude the impact fromof adopting ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. See Note 2. Basis of Presentation.

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Maturity of Lease Liabilities Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31,June 30, 2019 are as follows:
(millions)Operating Leases Finance Leases TotalOperating Leases Finance Leases Total
Remainder of 2019$73
 $37
 $110
$50
 $25
 $75
202083
 47
 130
85
 48
 133
202147
 32
 79
48
 33
 81
202232
 22
 54
33
 23
 56
202319
 20
 39
21
 21
 42
2024 and Thereafter67
 105
 172
80
 105
 185
Total Lease Liabilities, Undiscounted321
 263
 584
317
 255
 572
Less: Imputed Interest41
 48
  39
 44
 83
Total Lease Liabilities (1)
$280
 $215
  $278
 $211
 $489
(1) 
Includes the current portionportions of $86$88 million and $41 million for operating and finance leases, respectively.

Lease commitments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
(millions)Operating Leases Finance Leases Total
2019$91
 $52
 $143
202074
 46
 120
202159
 31
 90
202262
 22
 84
202350
 20
 70
2024 and Thereafter176
 104
 280
Total Lease Liabilities, Undiscounted$512
 $275
 $787


Other Information Other information related to our leases is as follows:
 March 31,June 30, 2019
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term 
Operating Leases6.75.9 years
Finance Leases8.07.9 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate 
Operating Leases4.454.40%
Finance Leases5.615.01%

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 9. Exit Cost – Transportation Commitments
In connection with the divestiture of Marcellus Shale upstream assets in 2017, we retained certain financial commitments on pipelines flowing natural gas production inside and outside of the Marcellus Basin. These financial commitments represent commitments to pay transportation fees; thus, we have no commitment to physically transport minimum volumes of natural gas.
Since closing, we have continued efforts to commercialize these firm transportation commitments, including permanent assignment of capacity, negotiation of capacity releases, utilization of capacity through purchase and transport of third-party natural gas, and other potential arrangements. In the event we execute a permanent assignment of capacity, we no longer have a contractual obligation to the pipeline company and, as such, our gross contractual commitment is reduced. In the event we execute a capacity release or utilize capacity through the purchase and transport of natural gas, we remain the primary obligor to the pipeline company. While our gross contractual commitment is not reduced, except through use under those arrangements, we would receive future cash payments from the third-parties with whom we negotiated a capacity release or from the sale of purchased natural gas to third-parties.
As of March 31,June 30, 2019, our gross retained firm transportation commitment for the remaining obligations under these agreements, which have remaining terms of approximately fourthree to fourteen years, is approximately $1.1$1.0 billion, undiscounted.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Leach Xpress and Rayne Xpress Permanent Assignment In January 2019, we executed agreements on the Leach Xpress and Rayne Xpress pipelines to permanently assign remaining capacity to a third-party effective January 1, 2021, extending through the end of the contract. The permanent assignment reduced our total financial commitment by approximately $350 million, undiscounted. As a result of the assignment, we recorded firm transportation exit cost of $92 million, discounted, related to future commitments to the third party. We will continue efforts to mitigate the impact of these transportation agreements during 2019 and 2020.
Financial Statement Impact In addition to the retained firm transportation commitments, we have the following accrued discounted liabilities associated with exit cost activities, including the permanent assignment described above:
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018
Balance at Beginning of Period (1)
$80
 $90
$80
 $90
Firm Transportation Exit Cost Accrual92
 
92
 
Payments, Net of Accretion(5) (6)(5) (7)
Balance at End of Period167

84
167

83
Less: Current Portion Included in Other Current Liabilities11
 11
23
 12
Long-term Portion Included in Other Noncurrent Liabilities at End of Period$156
 $73
Long-term Portion Included in Other Noncurrent Liabilities$144
 $71
(1) 
BalancesAmounts include the current accrualsportion of $13 million which areis included in other current liabilities onin our consolidated balance sheets.
Revenues and expenses associated with capacity release agreements and purchases and sales of natural gas are as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)Statements of Operations Location2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Sales of Purchased Gas(1)Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas$27
 $31
$23
 $24
 $50
 $55
Cost of Purchased Gas and Related Expense           
Cost of Purchased of GasCost of Purchased Oil and Gas27
 30
22
 23
 49
 53
Utilized Firm Transportation Expense (1)(2)
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas15
 5
15
 6
 30
 11
Unutilized Firm Transportation ExpenseCost of Purchased Oil and Gas
 1

 2
 
 3
Cost of Purchased Gas and Related Expense, Total(3)Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas$42
 $36
$37
 $31
 $79
 $67
(1)
Amounts are included in sales of purchased oil and gas within our statements of operations.
(2) 
Includes the net impact of the difference in the firm transportation contract rates and rates agreed to in the capacity releases, as well as transportation expenses associated with transport of purchased natural gas.
(3)
Amounts are included in cost of purchased oil and gas within our statements of operations.
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings   We are involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings are subject to the uncertainties inherent in any litigation. We are defending ourselves vigorously in all such matters, and we believe that the ultimate disposition of such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Colorado Air Matter In April 2015, we entered into a joint consent decree (Consent Decree) with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Department of Justice, and State of Colorado to improve emission control systems at a number of our condensate storage tanks that are part of our upstream crude oil and natural gas operations within the Non-Attainment Area of the DJ Basin. The Consent Decree, entered by the US District Court for the District of Colorado on June 2, 2015, requires us to perform certain corrective actions, to complete mitigation projects and supplemental environmental projects (SEP), and to pay a civil penalty. Costs associated with the settlement consist of $5 million in civil penalties which were paid in 2015. Mitigation costs of $5 million, SEP costs of $4 million, and costs associated with the injunctive relief are being expended in accordance with schedules established in the Consent Decree. Since 2015, we have incurred approximately $84 million, of which $78 million was incurred to undertake corrective actions at certain tank systems following the outcome of adequacy of design evaluations and certain operation and maintenance activities to handle potential peak instantaneous vapor flow rates. Future costs associated with injunctive relief are not yet precisely quantifiable as we are continually evaluating various approaches to meet the ongoing obligations of the Consent Decree.
We have concluded that the penalties, injunctive relief, and mitigation expenditures that result from this settlement, based on currently available information, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 6. Asset Retirement Obligations.
Colorado Water Quality Control Division Matter In January 2017, we received a Notice of Violation/Cease and Desist Order (NOV/CDO) advising us of alleged violations of the Colorado Water Quality Control Act (Act) and its implementing regulations as it relates to our Colorado Discharge Permit System General Permit for construction activities associated with oil and gas exploration and/or production within our Wells Ranch Drilling and Production field located in Weld County, Colorado (Permit).  The NOV/CDO further orders us to cease and desist from all violations of the Act, the regulations and the Permit and to undertake certain corrective actions. In October 2018, we met with enforcement staff at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to discuss a potential settlement of the alleged violations. Given the ongoing status of such settlement discussions, we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this action at this time, but believe that the resolution of this action will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Colorado Clean Water Act Referral Notice In September 2018, we received a letter from the US Department of Justice providing notification of referral from the EPA(DOJ) requesting an opportunity to discuss settlement of alleged Clean Water Act violations at an upstream production facility and a midstream gathering facility in Weld County, Colorado. The letter requests an opportunityIn April 2019, we met with the DOJ and Environmental Protection Agency enforcement personnel to discuss potential settlement of the alleged violations. Given the uncertainty associated with enforcement actionsongoing status of this nature,settlement discussions, we are currently unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this action, at this time, but believe that the resolution of this action will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 11. Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions, except percentages)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Current$16
 $126
$21
 $23
 $37
 $149
Deferred(100) (157)(1) (7) (101) (164)
Total Income Tax Benefit$(84) $(31)
Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit)$20
 $16
 $(64) $(15)
Effective Tax Rate22.5% (5.7)%71.4% 160.0% 18.6% (2.7)%

Effective Tax Rate (ETR) At the end of each interim period, we apply a forecasted annualized ETR to current period earnings or loss before tax, which can produce interim ETR fluctuations. The ETR for first quarterthe six months ended June 30, 2019 varied as compared with 2018, primarily due to a $145 million discrete tax benefit recorded in first quarter 2018 as a result of the intent of the US Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service to issue additional regulatory guidance associated with the Tax Reform LegislationCuts and Jobs Act and the transition tax (toll tax).tax. In addition, first quartercurrent tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes foreign taxes onrelated to a gain related toon the 2018 divestiture of a 7.5% interest in the Tamar field, offshore Israel.field.
In our major tax jurisdictions, the earliest years remaining open to examination are as follows: US – 2014, Israel – 2015 (2013 with respect to Israel Oil Profits Tax) and Equatorial Guinea – 2013.
Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Objective and Strategies for Using Derivative Instruments   We enter into crude oil and natural gas price hedging arrangements in an effort to mitigate the effects of commodity price volatility and enhance the predictability of cash flows relating to the marketing offor a portion of our crude oil and natural gas production. While these instruments mitigate the cash flow risk of future decreases in commodity prices, they may also curtail benefits from future increases in commodity prices. 
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Unsettled Commodity Derivative Instruments   As of March 31,June 30, 2019, the following crude oil derivative contracts were outstanding:
 Swaps Collars Swaps Collars
Settlement PeriodType of ContractIndexBbls Per DayWeighted Average DifferentialWeighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Short Put PriceWeighted Average Floor PriceWeighted Average Ceiling PriceType of ContractIndexBbls Per DayWeighted Average DifferentialWeighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Short Put PriceWeighted Average Floor PriceWeighted Average Ceiling Price
2019SwapsNYMEX WTI22,000$
$56.96
 $
$
$
SwapsNYMEX WTI28,000$
$58.70
 $
$
$
2019Three-Way CollarsNYMEX WTI33,000

 49.35
59.35
72.25
Three-Way CollarsNYMEX WTI33,000

 49.35
59.35
72.25
2019SwaptionNYMEX WTI5,000
62.50
 


Sold Calls (1)
NYMEX WTI20,000
60.00
 


2019SwapsICE Brent5,000
57.00
 


SwapsICE Brent5,000
57.00
 


2019Three-Way CollarsICE Brent3,000

 43.00
50.00
64.07
Three-Way CollarsICE Brent3,000

 43.00
50.00
64.07
2019Basis Swaps
(1) 
27,000(3.23)
 


Basis Swaps
(2) 
27,000(3.23)
 


2020SwaptionNYMEX WTI5,000
61.79
 


SwaptionNYMEX WTI5,000
61.79
 


2020Three-Way CollarsNYMEX WTI10,000

 50.00
58.00
67.37
SwapsNYMEX WTI7,000
60.00
 


2020Basis Swaps
(1) 
15,000(5.01)
 


Three-Way CollarsNYMEX WTI30,000

 48.33
57.87
64.27
2020Basis Swaps
(2) 
15,000(5.01)
 



(1)
We entered into crude oil contracts receiving premiums for establishing a maximum price that would be settled for the notional volumes covered by the respective contracts.
(2) 
We entered into crude oil basis swap contracts to establish a fixed amount for the differential between pricing in Midland, Texas, and Cushing, Oklahoma. The weighted average differential represents the amount of reduction to Cushing, Oklahoma prices for the notional volumes covered by the basis swap contracts.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of March 31,June 30, 2019, the following natural gas derivative contracts were outstanding:
  Swaps Collars  Swaps Collars
Settlement PeriodType of ContractIndexMMBtu Per DayWeighted Average DifferentialWeighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Short Put PriceWeighted Average Floor PriceWeighted Average Ceiling PriceType of ContractIndexMMBtu Per DayWeighted Average DifferentialWeighted Average Fixed Price Weighted Average Short Put PriceWeighted Average Floor PriceWeighted Average Ceiling Price
2019Three-Way CollarsNYMEX HH104,000
$
$
 $2.25
$2.65
$2.95
Three-Way CollarsNYMEX HH104,000
$
$
 $2.25
$2.65
$2.95
2019SwapsNYMEX HH46,000

3.00
 


SwapsNYMEX HH46,000

3.00
 


2019Basis Swaps
CIG (1)
113,500
(0.65)
 


Basis Swaps
CIG (1)
123,500
(0.64)
 


2019Basis Swaps
WAHA (1)
15,000
(1.44)
 


Basis Swaps
WAHA (1)
47,500
(1.28)
 


2020Basis Swaps
CIG (1)
44,000
(0.62)
 


Basis Swaps
CIG (1)
54,000
(0.61)
 


2020Basis Swaps
WAHA (1)
17,000
(0.75)
 


Basis Swaps
WAHA (1)
49,500
(1.05)
 



(1) 
We entered into natural gas basis swap contracts to establish a fixed amount for the differential between the noted index pricing and NYMEX Henry Hub. The weighted average differential represents the amount of reduction to NYMEX Henry Hub prices for the notional volumes covered by the basis swap contracts.
Fair Value Amounts   The fair values of commodity derivative instruments in our consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
Asset Derivative Instruments Liability Derivative InstrumentsAsset Derivative Instruments Liability Derivative Instruments
(millions)Balance Sheet LocationMarch 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Balance Sheet LocationMarch 31, 2019 December 31, 2018Balance Sheet LocationJune 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Balance Sheet LocationJune 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Commodity Derivative InstrumentsOther Current Assets$9
 $180
 Other Current Liabilities$63
 $1
Other Current Assets$30
 $180
 Other Current Liabilities$42
 $1
Other Noncurrent Assets1
 
 Other Noncurrent Liabilities20
 26
Other Noncurrent Assets11
 
 Other Noncurrent Liabilities13
 26
Total$10
 $180
  $83
 $27
Total$41
 $180
  $55
 $27

See Note 13. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures for a discussion of methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of our derivative instruments.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Gains and Losses on Commodity Derivative Instruments The effect of commodity derivative instruments on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income was as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Cash (Received) Paid in Settlement of Commodity Derivative Instruments          
Crude Oil$(9) $30
$7
 $66
 $(2) $96
Natural Gas(5) (2)(8) (1) (13) (3)
Total Cash (Received) Paid in Settlement of Commodity Derivative Instruments$(14) $28
(1) 65
 (15) 93
Non-cash Portion of Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments   
Non-cash Portion of (Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments       
Crude Oil$223
 $50
(54) 181
 169
 231
Natural Gas3
 1
(5) 3
 (2) 4
Total Non-cash Portion of Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments$226
 $51
Total Non-cash Portion of (Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments(59) 184
 167
 235
Loss (Gain) on Commodity Derivative Instruments          
Crude Oil$214
 $80
(47) 247
 167
 327
Natural Gas(2) (1)(13) 2
 (15) 1
Total Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments$212
 $79
Total (Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments$(60) $249
 $152
 $328

Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 13. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures 
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable   The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term nature or maturity of the instruments. 
Mutual Fund Investments  Our mutual fund investments consist of various publicly-traded mutual funds that include investments ranging from equities to money market instruments. Fair values are based on quoted market prices for identical assets.
Commodity Derivative Instruments   Our commodity derivative instruments may include variable to fixed price commodity swaps, two-way collars, three-way collars, swaptions, enhanced swaps and basis swaps. We estimate the fair values of our derivative instruments using published forward commodity price curves as of the date of the estimate. The discount rate used in the cash flow projections is based on published LIBOR rates, Eurodollar futures rates and interest swap rates. The fair values of commodity derivative instruments in an asset position include a measure of counterparty nonperformance risk, and instruments in a liability position include a measure of our own nonperformance risk, each based on the current published credit default swap rates. In addition, for collars, we estimate the values of put options sold and contract floors and ceilings using an option pricing model which considers market volatility, market prices and contract terms. See Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Deferred Compensation Liability   Fair value is dependent upon the fair values of mutual fund investments and shares of our common stock held in a rabbi trust. See Mutual Fund Investments, above. 
Stock-Based Compensation Liability A portion of the value of the liability associated with our phantom unit plan is dependent upon the fair value of Noble Energy common stock at the end of each reporting period.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Measurement information for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows: 
Fair Value Measurements Using    Fair Value Measurements Using    
(millions)
Quoted Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Adjustment (1)
 Fair Value Measurement
Quoted Prices in Active Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Adjustment (1)
 Fair Value Measurement
March 31, 2019         
June 30, 2019         
Financial Assets:                  
Mutual Fund Investments$41
 $
 $
 $
 $41
$42
 $
 $
 $
 $42
Commodity Derivative Instruments
 23
 
 (13) 10

 63
 
 (22) 41
Financial Liabilities:                  
Commodity Derivative Instruments
 (96) 
 13
 (83)
 (77) 
 22
 (55)
Portion of Deferred Compensation Liability Measured at Fair Value(48) 
 
 
 (48)(48) 
 
 
 (48)
Stock Based Compensation Liability Measured at Fair Value(1) 
 
 
 (1)(2) 
 
 
 (2)
December 31, 2018                  
Financial Assets:                  
Mutual Fund Investments$38
 $
 $
 $
 $38
$38
 $
 $
 $
 $38
Commodity Derivative Instruments
 187
 
 (7) 180

 187
 
 (7) 180
Financial Liabilities:                  
Commodity Derivative Instruments
 (34) 
 7
 (27)
 (34) 
 7
 (27)
Portion of Deferred Compensation Liability Measured at Fair Value(43) 
 
 
 (43)(43) 
 
 
 (43)
Stock Based Compensation Liability Measured at Fair Value(8) 
 
 
 (8)(8) 
 
 
 (8)

(1) 
Amount represents the impact of netting provisions within our master agreements allowing us to net cash settled asset and liability positions with the same counterparty.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Firm Transportation Exit Cost Accrual In January 2019, we recorded a firm transportation exit cost liability at fair value of $92 million, representing the discounted present value of our remaining obligation under a permanent pipeline capacity assignment in the Marcellus Shale. See Note 9. Exit Cost – Transportation Commitments.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest As ofIn March 31, 2019, we recorded redeemable noncontrolling interest associated with the issuance of GIP preferred equity at fair value of $97 million, representingincluding issuance date proceeds of $100 million netted with associated issuance costs of $3 million. See Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures2. Basis of Presentation.
Additional Fair Value Disclosures
Debt   The fair value of fixed-rate, public debt is estimated based on published market prices. As such, we consider the fair value of this debt to be a Level 1 measurement on the fair value hierarchy.
Our non-public debt, including our Revolving Credit Facility, Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, Noble Midstream Services Term Loan Credit Facility and borrowings under the commercial paper program,borrowings, are subject to variable interest rates. The fair value is estimated based on significant other observable inputs; thus, we consider the fair values to be Level 2 measurements on the fair value hierarchy. See Note 7. Debt.
Fair value information regarding our debt is as follows:
March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(millions)Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair ValueCarrying Amount 
Fair Value (1)
 Carrying Amount Fair Value
Long-Term Debt (1)
$6,622
 $6,841
 $6,452
 $6,121
Debt (2)
$6,994
 $7,465
 $6,452
 $6,121

(1)
As of June 30, 2019, the difference between the carrying amount and fair value is primarily due to low US treasury rates.
(2) 
Excludes unamortized discount, debt issuance costs and finance lease obligations. See Note 8. Leases.
Noble Energy, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 14. Net (Loss) Income Per Share Attributable to Noble Energy Common Shareholders
Noble Energy's basic (loss) income per share of common stock is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to Noble Energy by the weighted average number of shares of Noble Energy common stock outstanding during each period. The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) income per share:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions, except per share amounts)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Net (Loss) Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Noble Energy$(313) $554
$(10) $(23) $(323) $531
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic (1)
478
 487
478
 484
 478
 485
Incremental Shares from Assumed Conversion of Dilutive Stock Options, Restricted Stock, and Shares of Common Stock in Rabbi Trust
 1

 
 
 2
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted478
 488
478
 484
 478
 487
(Loss) Income Per Share, Basic$(0.65) $1.14
$(0.02) $(0.05) $(0.68) $1.09
(Loss) Income Per Share, Diluted$(0.65) $1.14
$(0.02) $(0.05) $(0.68) $1.09
Number of Antidilutive Stock Options, Shares of Restricted Stock, and Shares of Common Stock in Rabbi Trust Excluded from Calculation Above15
 16
15
 14
 15
 14
(1) 
Decrease in weighted average number of shares outstanding reflects the impact of Noble Energy common stock repurchased in 2018 pursuant to our $750 million share repurchase program.

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to provide a narrative about our business from the perspective of management. We use common industry terms, such as thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day (MBoe/d) and million cubic feet equivalent per day (MMcfe/d), to discuss production and sales volumes. Our MD&A is presented in the following major sections:
Table of Contents


The preceding consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, contain detailed information that should be read in conjunction with our MD&A.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant operating and financial results for firstsecond quarter 2019. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which includes disclosures regarding our critical accounting policies as part of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Operational Environment Update
Commodity Prices Crude oil prices although trending upwardremained volatile during firstsecond quarter 2019, did not reach comparable levels experienced in first quarter 2018, wherewith Brent and WTI crude oil prices averaged in excess of $65averaging approximately $69 and $60 per barrel, respectively. The outlook for the remainder of 2019 will continue to depend on competing factors for supply and demand dynamics,demand. OPEC cuts and geopolitical and security factors in critical oil producing regions may support prices for the remainder of the year; however, weakening crude oil-producing nations andoil demand amid signs of a broader softening in the spread betweenglobal economy could result in lower prices. In the Delaware Basin, new pipeline startups have begun to improve price differentials, while planned expansion of export infrastructure should help alleviate part of the discount of WTI andto Brent prices, among other factors.going forward.
The US natural gas market remains oversuppliedcontinues to see depressed pricing as supply outpaced demand over the past year. Despite record domestic LNG exports and prices have continued to be depressed during first quarter 2019. We expect 2019high natural gas pricesfired electric generation, natural gas inventories are projected to beremain at or near 2018 trading levels.
In addition,slightly above historical five-year averages. Natural gas price differentials specificallyincreased in the DJ Basin and in the Delaware Basin continue to be wide while awaiting new pipeline infrastructure with expected in-service during second half 2019. Additional Delaware Basin gas pipeline expansions are also targeted for in-service in late 2020.
NGL prices are also suppressed amid increased production, high inventory levels, and downstream fractionation and export bottlenecks. Collectively, NGL prices have continuedlagged compared to widen for boththe recovery seen in crude oil prices in first half of 2019. NGL prices should strengthen as new processing and natural gas due to takeaway capacity constraints. Infrastructure expansion inexport facilities are brought online.
To mitigate the Delaware Basin is expected to result ineffect of commodity price improvement later in 2019.
Table of Contents

Wevolatility, we have entered into crude oil and natural gas price hedging arrangements which also serve to mitigate the effect of commodity price volatility and enhance the predictability of our cash flows.
Cost Environment While materials and services costs have begun shifting downward in response to fourth quarter 2018 oil prices and lower activity, pricing for oilfield equipment, services and infrastructure has yet to fully adjust to the current commodity price environment. Internal initiatives to improve capital efficiency have led to improved US onshore productivity, such as increasing completion stages per day which in turn reduces cycle times and lowers well completion costs. While we progress capital efficiency initiatives, we continue to work with our service providers to reduce cost structure.
Colorado Senate Bill 19-181 For some time, initiatives have been underway in the State of Colorado to limit or ban hydraulic fracturing statewide and other facets of crude oil and natural gas exploration, development or operations. During first quarter 2019, Senate Bill 19-181 (SB 181) was passed by the State Legislature. On April 16, 2019, the Governor signed the bill into law. The legislation makes changes in Colorado oil and gas law, including, among other matters, requiring the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (Commission) to prioritize public health and environmental concerns in its decisions, instructing the Commission to adopt rules to minimize emissions of methane and other air contaminants, and delegating considerable new authority to local governments to regulate surface impacts. 
MostThe majority of our acreage in Colorado is in rural, unincorporated areas of Weld County, and we continue to work closely with local regulators and communities to ensure safe and responsible operations and future planning. At this time, we do not foresee significant changes to our development plans, as we have all necessary State approvals of more than 550 permits to drill wells over the next several years. The approved permits are for wells in multiple Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), many of which are in our Mustang Comprehensive Drilling Plan (CDP). We will continue to work closely with Weld County on the required local permits and agreements for the CDP.  However, if additional regulatory measures are adopted, we could incur additional costs to comply with the requirements or we may experience delays and/or curtailment in the permitting or pursuit of our exploration, development, or production activities. Such compliance costs and delays, curtailments, limitations, or prohibitions could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
Recent Activities 
During firstsecond quarter 2019, we continued to progress our US onshore drilling and completions activities, advanced our Eastern Mediterranean and West Africa regional natural gas developments, and engaged incontinued to advance our new US onshore and international exploration opportunities. FirstSecond quarter 2019 activities included the following:
Sales Volumes We delivered quarterly consolidated sales volumes of 337343 MBoe/d, with approximately 56% of our production mix attributable to crude oil and NGLs. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.
Non-Core Acreage Sale We sold approximately 13,000 net acres in non-core southwestern Reeves County, Texas, receiving cash consideration of $131 million. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
Leviathan Natural Gas Project We progressed the Leviathan natural gas project, offshore Israel, to 81%88% completion. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.
Alen Natural Gas Development On April 1, 2019, we announced sanction of the Alen natural gas development, offshore Equatorial Guinea. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.
US Onshore Exploration OpportunityTable of Contents We acquired additional US onshore undeveloped acreage. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.
Colombia Exploration Opportunity We finalized a strategic farmout arrangement for exploration acreage offshore Colombia. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.
EPIC Pipeline Investments Noble Midstream Partners exercised and closed options to acquire a 15% equity interest in EPIC Y-Grade, LP (EPIC Y-Grade) and a 30% equity interest in EPIC Crude Holdings, LP (EPIC Crude Holdings) and secured a $200 million preferred equity commitment from Global Infrastructure Partners Capital Solutions Fund (GIP), of which $100 million was funded during first quarter 2019. See Results of Operations – Midstream.
Financial Initiatives 
Commercial Paper Program In firstDuring second quarter 2019, we established autilized our recently-established commercial paper program, which allows for a maximum of $4.0 billion of unsecured commercial paper notesborrowings to provide for short-term funding needs.needs and is supported by Noble Energy’s Revolving Credit Facility. The commercial paper program is supported by Noble Energy’stypically enables us to access lower short-term interest rates than those available under the Revolving Credit Facility. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 7. Debt.
Financial Flexibility, Liquidity and Balance Sheet Strength As we progress through the remainder of 2019, we believe we are positioned for sustainability, operational efficiency, and long-term success throughout the oil and gas business cycle. We remain committed to maintaining capital discipline and financial strength and will continue to evaluate the commodity price

environment, well productivity and efficiency gains in aligning our activity levels with commodity price conditions. To this end, our 2019 capital investment program is responsive to positive or negative commodity price conditions that may develop.strength. See Operating Outlook – 2019 Capital Investment Program.
If commodity prices decline or operating costs continue to rise, we could experience material asset impairments, as well as material negative impacts on our revenues, profitability, cash flows, liquidity and proved reserves, and, in response, we may consider changes in our capital program, share repurchase program or dividends, asset sales or operating cost structure. Our revenues and our stock price could decline as a result of these potential developments.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 2. Basis of Presentation.
OPERATING OUTLOOK
The current commodity price environment, along with the timing of our capital expenditures for US onshore development, Leviathan completion, and the Aseng development well, as well as Noble Midstream Partners' investments, is anticipated to result in capital expenditures in excess of operating cash flows in 2019. Although we did not repurchase any shares under our $750 million share repurchase program this quarter,in the first half of 2019, we remain committed to shareholder return initiatives. For example, in both April and July 2019, our Board of Directors announcedapproved quarterly cash dividends in amounts that represented a 9% increase inover the quarterly cash dividend.prior year. This is our second straight year to increase our dividend, reflecting our commitment to return value to shareholders.
2019 Capital Investment Program 
OurDriven by US onshore efficiencies and offshore activity timing, we have lowered our full year organic capital program by $100 million for 2019. As such, our 2019 organic capital program is in the range of $2.4$2.3 to $2.6$2.5 billion, with approximately 70% being allocated to US onshore development and approximately 20% being allocated to complete the Leviathan Phase 1 development project. The remaining portion of the organic capital program is designated for Noble retained midstream activities, drilling of the Aseng development well, and other exploration and corporate activities. Amounts exclude capital funded by Noble Midstream Partners and acquisition capital related to the EMG pipeline. See Results of Operations – Exploration and Production.Pipeline, as discussed below.
Our 2019 organic capital program anticipates a lower level of investment directed to our US onshore assets, as compared with 2018. We will continue to advance our US onshore program through investments in liquids-rich and high-returnhigher-return projects that improve execution efficiency and enhance our midstream business value.
We will continue to evaluate the level of capital spending throughout the year. See Liquidity and Capital Resources.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (E&P)
We continue to advance our major development projects, which we expect to deliver incremental production and cash flows over the next several years.
Sanctioned Ongoing Development Projects
A “sanctioned” development project is one for which a final investment decision has been reached. Updates on major development projects are as follows:
US Onshore
During firstsecond quarter 2019, our US onshore E&P activities consisted of the following:
LocationAverage Rigs Operated Wells Drilled and Completed Wells Brought Online 
Average Sales Volumes
 (MBoe/d)
DJ Basin2 29 21 144
Delaware Basin4 20 9 59
Eagle Ford Shale 7 7 50
Total6 56 37 253
DJ Basin   During first quarter 2019, we achieved a quarterly average sales volume record of 144 MBoe/d. Our activities were focused primarily on progressing development in the Mustang IDP area, which benefits from our approved CDP, and we saw increased capital efficiencies as a result of improved drilling performance.
Delaware Basin During first quarter 2019, much of our activity focused on row development with long laterals and multi-well pads targeting multiple zones within the northern portion of our acreage position. We are also focusing on completion operations to bring online our drilled but uncompleted wells.
LocationAverage Rigs Operated Wells Drilled and Completed Wells Brought Online 
Average Sales Volumes
 (MBoe/d)
DJ Basin2 33 36 145
Delaware Basin4 17 25 64
Eagle Ford Shale 9 16 54
Total6 59 77 263

DJ Basin   During second quarter 2019, we achieved a quarterly average sales volume record of 145 MBoe/d. Our activities were focused primarily on progressing development in the Mustang IDP, which benefits from our approved CDP, Wells Ranch and East Pony areas. In addition, we saw increased capital efficiencies as a result of improved drilling and completion performance.
Delaware Basin During second quarter 2019, we achieved a quarterly average sales volume record of 64 MBoe/d. Our activity focused primarily on row development with long laterals and multi-well pads.
Eagle Ford Shale During firstsecond quarter 2019, we focused on well completion activities in the North Gates Ranch.Ranch area to bring online our drilled but uncompleted wells.
International
Leviathan Natural Gas Project (Offshore Israel) The project is now 81%more than 88% complete and remains on budget and on schedule. We have installedDuring second quarter 2019, we completed umbilical installation, tie-in of onshore pipelines to offshore pipelines, and tie-in to the in-field gatheringIsrael Natural Gas Lines grid. The first topsides set sail in July, and pipelines, completed installation of all subsea trees, finished completions on all four wells with successful flowbacks, completed the float of the main decks, finished flowline installation, completed jacketcommissioning and piles installation and commenced yard commissioning of platform modules.operational readiness activities are underway. Project start-up is anticipated by the end of 2019.
Leviathan and Tamar Natural Gas Transportation Agreements (Offshore Israel) We continue to work with certain of our Eastern Mediterranean field partners toward the acquisition of a 39% equity interest in Eastern Mediterranean Gas Company S.A.E.,EMG, which owns the EMG Pipeline. We will own an effective, indirect interest of approximately 10%, net, in the pipeline. The EMG Pipeline, is an approximately 90-kilometer pipeline, located primarily offshore, connecting the Israel pipeline network from Ashkelon, Israel to the Egyptian pipeline network. We will own an effective, indirect interest of approximately 10%, net, in the pipeline.
Closing of the agreement to exclusively operate the EMG Pipeline and secure access to its full capacity is subject to fulfillment of certain conditions precedent, which is expected to occur mid-yearin third quarter 2019. The estimated acquisition cost for our interest in the pipeline is approximately $200 million.
Tamar Natural Gas Project (Offshore Israel) In January 2019, the Petroleum Commissioner of Israel approved the development plan for our 2013 Tamar Southwest discovery, which includes tie-back to the existing Tamar platform, thus reinforcing the reliable operation of the Tamar project and supporting increased customer demand.
Aseng Development Well (Offshore Equatorial Guinea) During firstsecond quarter 2019, we awarded contracts and acquired equipment for a new development well expected to mitigate Aseng field decline. ProductionThe well was spud in July 2019 and production is expected to come online in late third quarter to early fourth quarter 2019.
Alen Natural Gas Development (Offshore Equatorial Guinea)   On April 1, 2019, we announced the sanction of the Alen natural gas development. Natural gas from the Alen field will be processed through the existing Alba Plant LLC liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) processing plant (Alba Plant) and Equatorial Guinea's liquefied natural gas (LNG) production facility (EG LNG) located at Punta Europa, Bioko Island. Definitive agreements in support of the project have been executed betweenamong the Alen field partners, the Alba Plant and EG LNG plant owners, as well as the government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.
The Alen natural gas monetization project will utilizeproduce through three existing high-capacity Alen production wells. Minorwells and will require minor platform modifications will be made to deliver sales gas from Alen to the Alba Plant and EG LNG facilities. AThe Alen field partners plan to construct a 24-inch pipeline capable of handling 950 MMcfe/d will be constructed to transport all natural gas processed through the Alen platform approximately 70 kilometers to the onshore facilities. First production is anticipated in the first half of 2021. At start-up, natural gas sales from the Alen field are anticipated to be between 200 and 300 MMcfe/d, gross (approximately 75 to 115 MMcfe/d, net). The wet gas stream will be tolled through the Alba Plant for additional liquids recovery before the dry gas is converted into LNG at the EG LNG facility.
Unsanctioned Projects
Cyprus Natural Gas Project (Offshore Cyprus) We continue to work with the Government of Cyprus on a plan of development for the Aphrodite field that, as currently contemplated, would deliver natural gas to regional customers. In addition, we are focused on capital cost improvements, as well as natural gas marketing efforts and execution of natural gas sales and purchase agreements, which, once secured, will progress the project to a final investment decision.
Exploration Program Update
We continue to seek and evaluate significant onshore and/or offshore opportunities for future exploration. Through our drilling activities, we do not always encounter hydrocarbons or we may find hydrocarbons but subsequently reach a decision, through additional analysis or appraisal drilling, that a development project is not economically or operationally viable. Additionally, we may not be able to conduct exploration activities prior to lease expirations or may choose to relinquish or exit licenses. Exploration opportunities in a future period could result in significant dry hole cost and/or leasehold abandonment expense. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 5. Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs and Undeveloped Leasehold Costs.
US Onshore Acreage In first quarter 2019, we acquired additional undeveloped acreage increasing ourOur US onshore unconventional exploration position toincludes more than 140,000175,000 acres residing in two plays in Wyoming.
Offshore Colombia During firstsecond quarter 2019, we signed an agreement, pending customary approvals, for a 40% operated working interest in more than 2 million gross acres offshore Colombia, located on two offshore blocks. We expect to drill an exploration well in 2020.continued land acquisition, permitting and evaluation activities.

Offshore Colombia We have signed an agreement for a 40% operated working interest in more than two million gross acres offshore Colombia, located on two blocks. We expect to drill an exploration well in 2020. During second quarter 2019, we continued well planning and permitting activities.
Results of Operations
Highlights for our E&P business were as follows:
FirstSecond Quarter 2019 E&P Operating Highlights Included:
total average consolidated sales volumes of 332343 MBoe/d, net;
record average daily sales volumes of 117 MBbl/d, net, for US crude oil driven by acceleration of development plans;
average daily sales volumes of 113 MBbl/d, net, for US crude oil; and
average daily sales volumes of 1.11.0 Bcfe/d, gross, for offshore Israel natural gas, primarily from the Tamar field.field; and
US onshore production expense per BOE of $11.64.

FirstSecond Quarter 2019 E&P Financial Results Included:
capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, of $596 million, as compared with $787 million for second quarter 2018;
pre-tax income of $179 million, as compared with pre-tax income of $7 million for second quarter 2018; and
net lossgain on commodity derivative instruments of $212$60 million, (which is net of cash settlement receipts of $14 million), as compared with a net loss of $79$249 million for first quarter 2018;
pre-tax loss of $168 million, as compared with pre-tax income of $485 million for first quarter 2018; and
capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, of $648 million, as compared with $667 million for firstsecond quarter 2018.

The following is a summarized statement of operations for our E&P business:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Oil, NGL and Gas Sales to Third Parties$937
 $1,173
$954
 $1,100
 $1,891
 $2,273
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas14
 
28
 
 42
 
Income from Equity Method Investees15
 35
Income from Equity Method Investees and Other18
 36
 33
 71
Total Revenues966
 1,208
1,000

1,136

1,966

2,344
Production Expense351
 353
298
 327
 649
 677
Exploration Expense24
 35
33
 29
 57
 64
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization475
 443
493
 435
 968
 880
Gain on Divestitures, Net
 (392)
Loss (Gain) on Divestitures, Net
 31
 
 (361)
Asset Impairments
 168

 
 
 168
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas14
 
28
 
 42
 
Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments212
 79
(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes$(168) $485
(Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments(60) 249
 152
 328
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes179
 7
 11
 493

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Average Oil, NGL and Gas Sales Volumes and Prices  Average daily sales volumes from our share of production and realized sales prices were as follows:
Average Sales Volumes (1)
 
Average Realized Sales Prices (1)
Average Sales Volumes (1)
 
Average Realized Sales Prices (1)
Crude Oil & Condensate
(MBbl/d)
 
NGLs
(MBbl/d)
 
Natural Gas
(MMcf/d)
 
Total
(MBoe/d)
 
Crude Oil & Condensate
(Per Bbl)
 
NGLs
(Per Bbl)
 
Natural Gas
(Per Mcf)
Crude Oil & Condensate
(MBbl/d)
 
NGLs
(MBbl/d)
 
Natural Gas
(MMcf/d)
 
Total
(MBoe/d)
 
Crude Oil & Condensate
(Per Bbl)
 
NGLs
(Per Bbl)
 
Natural Gas
(Per Mcf)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
United States113
 59
 483
 253
 $53.46
 $17.86
 $2.49
117
 64
 495
 263
 $58.13
 $14.54
 $1.61
Eastern Mediterranean
 
 233
 39
 
 
 5.57

 
 209
 35
 
 
 5.53
West Africa (2)
12
 
 168
 40
 61.01
 
 0.27
11
 
 199
 45
 66.61
 
 0.27
Total Consolidated Operations (3)
126
 59
 884
 332
 54.19
 17.86
 2.88
128
 64
 903
 343
 58.88
 14.54
 2.22
Equity Investees (4)
1
 4
 
 5
 53.01
 36.81
 
2
 4
 
 6
 65.75
 31.22
 
Total (3)
127
 63
 884
 337
 $54.18
 $19.09
 $2.88
130
 68
 903
 349
 $58.98
 $15.47
 $2.22
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
United States (5)
122
 64
 504
 270
 $61.95
 $25.53
 $2.63
108
 62
 467
 247
 $64.67
 $24.46
 $2.29
Eastern Mediterranean
 
 261
 44
 
 
 5.48

 
 225
 38
 
 
 5.46
West Africa (2)
15
 
 206
 49
 68.14
 
 0.27
17
 
 225
 54
 72.79
 
 0.27
Total Consolidated Operations137
 64
 971
 363
 62.60
 25.53
 2.90
125
 62
 917
 339
 65.77
 24.46
 2.57
Equity Investees (4)
2
 5
 
 7
 66.08
 39.90
 
2
 5
 
 7
 76.07
 43.36
 
Total139
 69
 971
 370
 $62.64
 $26.62
 $2.90
127
 67
 917
 346
 $65.93
 $25.90
 $2.57
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
United States115
 62
 489
 258
 $55.84
 $16.12
 $2.04
Eastern Mediterranean
 
 220
 37
 
 
 5.55
West Africa (2)
11
 
 184
 42
 63.74
 
 0.27
Total Consolidated Operations (3)
126
 62
 893
 337
 56.57
 16.12
 2.55
Equity Investees (4)
2
 4
 
 6
 61.02
 34.11
 
Total (3)
128
 66
 893
 343
 $56.62
 $17.21
 $2.55
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
United States (5)
115
 63
 486
 259
 $63.23
 $25.00
 $2.47
Eastern Mediterranean
 
 243
 41
 
 
 5.47
West Africa (2)
16
 
 215
 51
 70.65
 
 0.27
Total Consolidated Operations131
 63
 944
 351
 64.13
 25.00
 2.74
Equity Investees (4)
2
 5
 
 7
 71.56
 41.61
 
Total133
 68
 944
 358
 $64.22
 $26.27
 $2.74
(1) 
Natural gas is converted on the basis of six Mcf of gas per one barrel of crude oil equivalent. This ratio reflects an energy content equivalency and not a price or revenue equivalency. Given commodity price disparities, the prices for a barrel of crude oil equivalent for US natural gas and NGLs are significantly less than the price for a barrel of crude oil. In Israel, we sell natural gas under contracts where the majority of the price is fixed, resulting in less commodity price disparity between reporting periods.
(2) 
Natural gas from the Alba field is sold under contract for $0.25 per MMBtu to a methanol plant, an LPG plant, an LNG plant and a power generation plant. The methanol and LPG plants are owned by affiliated entities accounted for under the equity method.
(3) 
Total includesIncludes a small amount of condensate sales from the offshore Israel assets.
(4) 
Volumes represent sales of condensate and LPG from the LPG plant in Equatorial Guinea. See Income from Equity Method Investees.
(5) 
Includes 243 MBoe/d and 14 MBoe/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2018, respectively, related to Gulf of Mexico assets sold in second quarter 2018. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
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An analysis of revenues from sales of crude oil, NGLs and natural gas is as follows:
(millions)Crude Oil & Condensate NGLs Natural Gas TotalCrude Oil & Condensate NGLs Natural Gas Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018$773
 $146
 $254
 $1,173
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018$749
 $137
 $214
 $1,100
Changes due to       
Increase (Decrease) in Sales Volumes17
 4
 (10) 11
Decrease in Sales Prices (1)
(78) (57) (22) (157)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019$688
 $84
 $182
 $954
       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018$1,522
 $283
 $468
 $2,273
Changes due to              
Decrease in Sales Volumes(77) (7) (27) (111)(53) (4) (37) (94)
(Decrease) Increase in Sales Prices (1)
(84) (43) 2
 (125)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019$612
 $96
 $229
 $937
Decrease in Sales Prices (1)
(169) (99) (20) (288)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019$1,300
 $180
 $411
 $1,891
(1) 
Changes exclude gains and losses related to commodity derivative instruments. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Crude Oil and Condensate Sales Revenues Revenues from crude oil and condensate sales decreased in second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018 primarily due to the following:    
decrease of 12%decreases in average realized prices for second quarter and the first six months of 2019 (see Executive Overview – Operational Environment Update – Commodity Prices);
reduction in sales volumes of 193 MBbl/d and 11 MBbl/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to the sale of our Gulf of Mexico assets in second quarter 2018; and
lower West Africa sales volumes of 36 MBbl/d and 5 MBbl/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to timing of liftings and natural field decline;
partially offset by:
higher US onshore sales volumes of 1012 MBbl/d and 11 MBbl/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, primarily due to an increase in development activity in the Delaware and DJ Basins.
NGL Sales Revenues Revenues from NGL sales decreased in second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018 primarily due to the following:
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decrease of 30%decreases in average realized prices for second quarter and the first six months of 2019 (see Executive Overview – Operational Environment Update – Commodity Prices); and
lower Eagle Ford Shale sales volumes of 158 MBbl/d and 12 MBbl/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to reduced activity and natural field decline;
partially offset by:
higher sales volumes in the DJ and Delaware Basins of 11 MBbl/d and 12 MBbl/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to an increase in development activities.
Natural Gas Sales Revenues Revenues from natural gas sales decreased in second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018 primarily due to the following:
lower Eagle Ford Shale sales volumes of 80 MMcf/d due to reduced activity and natural field decline;
lower Alba field sales volumes of 38 MMcf/d due to natural field decline and planned maintenance at the onshore facilities, which required field shut-in for a portion of the period;
lower Israel sales volumes of 28 MMcf/d primarily due to the sale of a 7.5% interest in the Tamar field in March 2018;
reduction of 22 MMcf/d resulting from the sale of the Gulf of Mexico assets; and
continued oversupply and reduced take away capacitydecreases in the Delaware Basin, resulting in high differentials which depressed our salesaverage realized prices for second quarter and the areafirst six months of 2019 (see Executive Overview – Operational Environment Update – Commodity Prices);
lower Eagle Ford Shale sales volumes of 63 MMcf/d and 72 MMcf/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to reduced activity and natural field decline;
lower West Africa sales volumes of 26 MMcf/d and 31 MMcf/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to natural field decline and planned maintenance at onshore facilities during first quarter 2019, which required field shut-in for a portion of the period; and
lower Israel sales volumes of 16 MMcf/d and 23 MMcf/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, primarily due to planned maintenance and the sale of a 7.5% interest in the Tamar field in March 2018;
partially offset by:
higher sales volumes in the DJ and Delaware Basins of 8192 MMcf/d and 87 MMcf/d for second quarter and the first six months of 2019, respectively, due to an increase in development activities.
Sales and Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas Net In second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019, we engaged in third party sales and purchases of crude oil and gas in the DJ Basin.Basin for flow assurance on pipelines used to deliver our production to market.
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Income from Equity Method Investees and Other Income from equity method investees and other decreased in first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018. The decrease includes a $10$20 million decrease from Atlantic Methanol Production Company, LLC (AMPCO), our methanol investee, and a $10an $19 million decrease from Alba Plant, our LPG investee, primarily due to decreases in average realized methanol and LPG prices and planned maintenance.maintenance activities.
Production Expense   Components of production expense were as follows:
(millions, except unit rate)
Total per BOE (1)(2)
 Total 
United States (2)
 Eastern Mediterranean West Africa
Total per BOE (1)(2)
 Total 
United States (2)
 Eastern Mediterranean West Africa
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019         
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019         
Lease Operating Expense (3)
$5.32
 $159
 $125
 $10
 $24
$4.26
 $133
 $114
 $9
 $10
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes1.57
 47
 47
 
 
1.28
 40
 40
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing4.75
 142
 142
 
 
3.97
 124
 124
 
 
Other Royalty Expense0.10
 3
 3
 
 
0.03
 1
 1
 
 
Total Production Expense$11.74
 $351
 $317
 $10
 $24
$9.54
 $298
 $279
 $9
 $10
Total Production Expense per BOE  $11.74
 $13.91
 $2.84
 $6.67
  $9.54
 $11.64
 $2.82
 $2.47
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 
  
  
  
  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 
  
  
  
  
Lease Operating Expense (3)
$4.75
 $155
 $126
 $7
 $22
$4.47
 $138
 $114
 $5
 $19
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes1.62
 53
 53
 
 
1.56
 48
 48
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing3.92
 128
 128
 
 
4.24
 131
 131
 
 
Other Royalty Expense0.52
 17
 17
 
 
0.33
 10
 10
 
 
Total Production Expense$10.81
 $353
 $324
 $7
 $22
$10.60
 $327
 $303
 $5
 $19
Total Production Expense per BOE  $10.81
 $13.31
 $1.79
 $5.01
  $10.60
 $13.46
 $1.47
 $3.84
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019         
Lease Operating Expense (3)
$4.78
 $292
 $239
 $19
 $34
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes1.42
 87
 87
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing4.35
 266
 266
 
 
Other Royalty Expense0.07
 4
 4
 
 
Total Production Expense$10.62
 $649
 $596
 $19
 $34
Total Production Expense per BOE  $10.62
 $12.75
 $2.83
 $4.44
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 
  
  
  
  
Lease Operating Expense (3)
$4.62
 $293
 $240
 $12
 $41
Production and Ad Valorem Taxes1.59
 101
 101
 
 
Gathering, Transportation and Processing4.04
 256
 256
 
 
Other Royalty Expense0.43
 27
 27
 
 
Total Production Expense$10.68
 $677
 $624
 $12
 $41
Total Production Expense per BOE  $10.68
 $13.33
 $1.64
 $4.39
(1) 
Consolidated unit rates exclude sales volumes and expenses attributable to equity method investees.
(2) 
US production expense includes charges from our midstream operations that are eliminated on a consolidated basis.
(3) 
Lease operating expense includes oil and gas operating costs (labor, fuel, repairs, replacements, saltwater disposal and other related lifting costs) and workover expense.
Production expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 remained relatively flatdecreased as compared with 2018, primarily due to the following:
decrease of $25 million in lease operating expense and $6 million in gathering, transportation and processing (GTP) expense due to the sale of our Gulf of Mexico assets;
decrease in US production and ad valorem taxes and other royalty expense due to lower commodity prices;
decrease in US lease operating expense and gathering, transportation and processing (GTP) expense due to the sale of our Gulf of Mexico assets; and
decrease in West Africa lease operating expense due to timing of planned maintenance activities and liftings;
partially offset by:
increase of $24 million in US lease operating expense and $20 million in GTP expense, primarily due to increased development activities resulting in added production in our DJ and Delaware Basins; and
increase in West AfricaEastern Mediterranean lease operating expense due to timing of planned maintenance activities.

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The unit rate per BOE increaseddecreased for firstsecond quarter 2019 as compared with 2018 primarily due to cost reduction efforts within the DJ and Delaware Basins realized through workover optimization, contract renegotiation and fuel cost savings while increasing development activity and sales volumes within US onshore basins. Further, production and ad valorem taxes and other royalty expense declined due to lower commodity prices. The unit rate per BOE increased for the first six months of 2019 as compared with 2018 primarily due to the decrease in total sales volumes partially resulting from the sales of the Gulf of Mexico assets in second quarter 2018 and the 7.5% interest in Tamar in March 2018, coupled with an increase in certain production expensesGTP expense as noted above. Specifically, the divestitureimpact of the Gulf of Mexico assets removed higher-cost, crude oil-focused sales volumes, which partiallydivestiture was offset the increase in our average production expense per BOE.by increased US onshore activity.
Exploration Expense Exploration expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 totaled $33 million and $57 million, respectively, including staff expense of $12 million and $24 million, including $12 million of staff expense.respectively. Exploration expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2018 totaled $35$29 million and $64 million, respectively, including staff expense of $13 million of lease rental expense, primarily in the Delaware Basin, and $22$27 million, of staff expense and other.respectively.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (DD&A) Expense DD&A expense was as follows:
(millions, except unit rate)Total United States Eastern Mediterranean West AfricaTotal United States Eastern Mediterranean West Africa
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019       
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019       
DD&A Expense$475
 $439
 $16
 $20
$493
 $457
 $17
 $19
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$15.89
 $19.27
 $4.55
 $5.56
$15.80
 $19.07
 $5.33
 $4.69
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018       
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018       
DD&A Expense$443
 $404
 $13
 $26
$435
 $394
 $15
 $26
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$13.57
 $16.60
 $3.32
 $5.92
$14.10
 $17.51
 $4.41
 $5.25
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019       
DD&A Expense$968
 $896
 $33
 $39
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$15.84
 $19.17
 $4.92
 $5.10
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018       
DD&A Expense$880
 $800
 $28
 $52
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$13.87
 $17.10
 $3.82
 $5.56
(1) 
Consolidated unit rates exclude sales volumes and expenses attributable to equity method investees.
DD&A expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased 7% as compared with 2018, primarily due to the following:
capital investment and development activities in the Delaware and DJ Basins resulting in higher sales volumes in the DJ and Delaware Basins due to recent development activities;volumes; and
increase in Eastern Mediterranean due to the impactretirement of the sale of our 7.5% interestcertain capital assets resulting in Tamar;accelerated depreciation;
partially offset by:
decrease of $27 million resulting from the sale of our Gulf of Mexico assets in second quarter 2018; and
decreasereduced sales volumes in West Africa, due to reduced sales volumes as noted above.
The unit rate per BOE for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased 17% as compared with 2018, primarily due to the increase in total DD&A expense, resulting fromas noted above. Specifically, activity increased development activity in the higher-cost Delaware and DJ and Delaware Basins resulting in a higher depletable basis, combined withand the sale of lower-cost Tamar reserves.reserves increased the overall unit rate per BOE. The increase in the unit rate is partially offset by the sale of higher-cost production from the Gulf of Mexico assets in second quarter 2018 and a reduction in ratelower sales volumes in West Africa driven by lower sales volumes.Africa.
(Gain) Loss on Commodity Derivative Instruments  Loss on commodity derivative instruments for the first quartersix months of 2019 increased,decreased as compared with 2018.
For the first quartersix months of 2019, loss on commodity derivative instruments included:
net cash settlement receipts of $14$15 million; and
net non-cash decrease of $226 million in the fair value of our net commodity derivative liability, primarily driven by changes in the forward commodity price curve for both crude oil and natural gas.     
For first quarter 2018, loss on commodity derivative instruments included:
net cash settlement payments of $28 million; and
net non-cash increase of $51$167 million in the fair value of our net commodity derivative liability, primarily driven by changes in the forward commodity price curves for both crude oiloil.     
For the first six months of 2018, loss on commodity derivative instruments included:
net cash settlement payment of $93 million; and natural gas.
net non-cash increase of $235 million in the fair value of our net commodity derivative liability, primarily driven by changes in the forward commodity price curves for crude oil.

See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – MIDSTREAM
The Midstream segment develops, owns and operates domestic midstream infrastructure assets, as well as invests in other financially attractive midstream projects, with current focus in the DJ and Delaware Basins.
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Recent Transactions
EPIC Pipelines In first quarter 2019, Noble Midstream Partners exercised and closed its options to acquire equity interests in EPIC Y-Grade and EPIC Crude Holdings. The assets provide attractive economics and long-term growth potential for Noble Midstream Partners and will provide near-term flow assurance and long-term out-of-basin takeaway capacity for our E&P volumes. The EPIC crude oil pipeline will provide Noble Energy with firm transport of up to 100 MBbl/d from the Delaware Basin to Corpus Christi, Texas. In-service is expected in first quarter 2020; however, EPIC announced it will provide early access to crude oil transportation through the EPIC Y-grade pipeline in third quarter 2019. The EPIC Y-Grade pipeline, also running from the Delaware Basin to Corpus Christi, Texas, will have an NGL throughput capacity of approximately 440 MBbl/d with multiple origin points. 
Delaware Crossing Joint Venture In February 2019, Noble Midstream Partners executed definitive agreements with Salt Creek Midstream LLC (Salt Creek) to form a 50/50 joint venture, Delaware Crossing LLC (Delaware Crossing), to construct a 160 MBbl/d day crude oil pipeline system in the Delaware Basin. The 95-mile pipeline system will originate in Pecos County, Texas, with additional connections in Reeves and Winkler Counties, Texas. The project footprint will be served by a combination of in-field crude oil gathering lines and a trunkline to a hub in Wink, Texas. The project is underpinned by approximately 192,000 dedicated gross acres and nearly 100 miles of gathering pipeline in Pecos, Reeves, Ward and Winkler Counties, Texas. The pipeline is expected to be operational in third quarter 2019.
Results of Operations
FirstSecond Quarter 2019 Significant Midstream Operating Highlights and Financial Results Included:
total revenues of $165$161 million, as compared with $128$155 million for firstsecond quarter 2018;
pre-tax income of $73$46 million, as compared with pre-tax income of $247$175 million for firstsecond quarter 2018;
capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, of $66$52 million, as compared with $253$157 million for firstsecond quarter 2018; and
investments in equity method investees of $271$144 million related primarily related to investments in EPIC Y-Grade and EPIC Crude Holdings, as compared with zero for firstsecond quarter 2018.

The following is a summarized statement of operations for our Midstream segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Midstream Services Revenues – Third Party$24
 $13
$20
 $15
 $44
 $28
Sales of Purchased Oil33
 22
Income from Equity Method Investees2
 12
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas52
 42
 85
 64
(Loss) Income from Equity Method Investees(2) 13
 
 25
Intersegment Revenues106
 81
91
 85
 197
 166
Total Revenues165
 128
161
 155
 326
 283
Operating Costs and Expenses36
 39
41
 27
 77
 61
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization25
 17
26
 22
 51
 38
Gain on Divestitures, Net
 (196)
 (109) 
 (305)
Cost of Purchased Oil31
 21
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas48
 40
 79
 61
Total Expense (Income)92
 (119)115
 (20) 207
 (145)
Income Before Income Taxes$73
 $247
$46
 $175
 $119
 $428
Midstream Services Revenues – Third Party The amount of revenue generated by the Midstream segment depends primarily on the volumes of crude oil, natural gas and water for which services are provided to dedicated acreage for our E&P business and to third-party customers. These volumes are affected by the level of drilling and completion activity and by changes in the supply of, and demand for, crude oil, NGLs and natural gas in the markets served directly or indirectly by our midstream assets.
TotalMidstream services revenues for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased as compared with 2018, primarily due to increases in crude oil, natural gas and produced water gathering services and fresh water delivery. This increase wasThe increases were due primarily to an increase inhigher Delaware Basin throughput volumes, commencement of services in the Mustang IDP in 2018, and services related to the Black Diamond system, which was acquired during first quarter 2018 in the Saddle Butte Acquisition.acquisition.
Sales and Costs of Purchased Oil and Gas Sales and costs of purchased crude oil alsofor second quarter and the first six months of 2019 increased as compared with 2018 due to a full quarter and six months of services related to the Black Diamond system.
(Loss) Income from Equity Method Investees Income from equity method investees decreased for second quarter and the first six months of 2019 as compared with 2018, primarily due to the sale of our investment in CNX Midstream Partners in second quarter 2018 and operating losses associated with EPIC Y-Grade, EPIC Crude Holdings and Delaware Crossing. Operating losses were primarily due to expenses incurred for the formation of the joint ventures and general and administrative expenses incurred prior to service commencement.
Operating Costs and Expenses Operating costs and expenses for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased as compared with 2018, primarily due to an increase in gathering systems operating expense associated with the Delaware Basin central gathering facilities (CGF) that were completed during 2018, additional expenses associated with the Black Diamond system and expenses associated with the commencement of gathering services in the Mustang IDP in 2018.
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DD&A Expense DD&A expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased as compared with 2018, primarily due to certain assets being placed in service subsequent to firstsecond quarter 2018, including the Mustang IDP gathering system, the Delaware Basin CGFs, and additional Black Diamond assets. In addition, DD&A expense includes a full quarter and six months of amortization related to intangible assets acquired in the Saddle Butte Acquisition.acquisition.
CostGain on Divestitures, Net Gain on divestitures, net relates to 2018 sales of Purchased Oilour interest in CONE Gathering and a portion of our investment in CNX Midstream Partners. See Cost of purchased crude oil for first quarter 2019 increased as compared with 2018 due to a full quarter of services related to the Black Diamond system.Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – CORPORATE
Our CorporateExpenses related to debt, such as interest and other debt-related costs, includeheadquarters depreciation, corporate general and administrative expenses, exit costs and certain costs associated with mitigating the effects of our retained Marcellus Shale firm transportation agreements, and expenses related to debt, headquarters depreciation, and corporate general and administrative expenses.are recorded at the Corporate level.
Firm Transportation Exit Cost Revenues and expenses associated with retained Marcellus Shale firm transportation contracts were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Sales of Purchased Gas (1)
$27
 $31
Cost of Purchased Gas (1)
42
 36
Sales of Purchased Oil and Gas (1)
$23
 $24
 $50
 $55
Cost of Purchased Oil and Gas (1)
37
 31
 79
 67
Firm Transportation Exit Cost (2)
92
 

 
 92
 
(1) 
Relates to third party mitigation activities which we engage in to utilize a portion of our Marcellus Shale firm transportation commitment. Cost of purchased oil and gas includes utilized and unutilized transportation expense.
(2) 
Represents exit costs related to future commitments to a third party resulting from a permanent pipeline capacity assignment.
See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9. Exit Cost – Transportation Commitments.
General and Administrative (G&A) Expense   G&A expense was as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions, except unit rate)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
G&A Expense$102
 $104
$105
 $105
 $207
 $209
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$3.41
 $3.18
$3.36
 $3.40
 $3.39
 $3.29
(1) 
Consolidated unit rates exclude sales volumes and expenses attributable to equity method investees.
G&A expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 remained relatively flat as compared with 2018 primarily due to decreases in third party transaction-related fees partially offset by increases in employee costs. The decrease in the unit rate per BOE for second quarter 2019 as compared with 2018 was due to the increase in total sales volumes. The increase in the unit rate per BOE for the first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018 was due to the net decrease in total sales volumes primarily as a result of the sale of our Gulf of Mexico assets and the sale of 7.5% interest in the Tamar field. See Results of Operations – Exploration & Production.
Interest Expense and Capitalized Interest   Interest expense and capitalized interest were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions, except unit rate)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Interest Expense, Gross$87
 $90
$90
 $91
 $177
 $181
Capitalized Interest(21) (17)(27) (18) (48) (35)
Interest Expense, Net$66
 $73
$63
 $73
 $129
 $146
Unit Rate per BOE (1)
$2.21
 $2.24
$2.02
 $2.37
 $2.11
 $2.30
(1) 
Consolidated unit rates exclude sales volumes and expenses attributable to equity method investees.
Interest expense, gross, for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 remained flat as compared with 2018. Lower interest rates applicable to the Noble Midstream Partners Revolving Credit Facility were offset by interest expense related to the Noble Midstream Services Term Loan Credit Facility which commenced in third quarter 2018. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 7. Debt.
Capitalized interest for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 increased as compared with 2018, primarily due to higher work in progress amounts related to the Leviathan development.development and investments in equity method investees engaged in construction activities.
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The unit rate of interest expense, net, per BOE for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 decreased as compared with 2018, primarily due to the reduction in net interest expense, noted above, partially offset by the net decrease in total sales volumes. See Results of Operations – Exploration & Production.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capital Structure/Financing Strategy
In seeking to effectively fund and monetize our discovered hydrocarbons, we employ a capital structure and financing strategy designed to provide sufficient liquidity throughout commodity price cycles, including a sustained period of low prices. Specifically, we strive to retain the ability to fund long cycle, multi-year, capital intensive development projects throughout a range of scenarios, while also funding a continuing exploration program and maintaining capacity to capitalize on financially
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attractive merger and acquisition opportunities. We endeavor to maintain a strong balance sheet and an investment grade debt rating in service of these objectives.
We strive to maintain a minimum liquidity level to address volatility and risk. Traditional sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash on hand, proceeds from divestitures of properties and other investments, and available borrowing capacity under our $4.0 billion unsecured Revolving Credit Facility. We occasionally access the capital markets to ensure adequate liquidity exists in the form of unutilized capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility or to refinance scheduled debt maturities. In first quarter 2019,
Given our investment grade credit rating, we established a $4.0 billion commercial paper program whichin first quarter 2019. This program can be accessed as needed to supplement operating cash flows for short-term funding needs. In addition, we may from time to time seek to retire or purchase our outstanding senior notes through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
We also evaluate potential strategic farm-out arrangements of our working interests for reimbursement of our capital spending. We periodically consider repatriations of foreign cash to increase our financial flexibility and fund our capital investment program. We alsoAdditionally, we enter into crude oil and natural gas price hedging arrangements in an effort to mitigate the effects of commodity price volatility and enhance the predictability of cash flows relating to the marketing of a portion of our crude oil and natural gas production.
Thus far in 2019, we have funded our capital program with cash flows from operations, cash on hand, commercial paper borrowings, and proceeds from divestments of non-strategic assets. We did not repurchase any shares of Noble Energy common stock under the Board of Directors-authorized $750 million share repurchase program during the first quartersix months of 2019.
As of March 31, 2019, our consolidated outstanding debt (excluding finance lease obligations) totaled $6.6 billion. We may periodically seek to access the capital markets to refinance a portion of our outstanding indebtedness. In addition, we may from time to time seek to retire or purchase our outstanding senior notes through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
FirstSecond Quarter and Year-to-Date 2019 Highlights
During firstsecond quarter 2019, we completed the following financing activities:
established aborrowed $240 million, net, under our $4.0 billion commercial paper program supported byfor working capital purposes; and
borrowed $140 million, net, under the Noble Energy’sMidstream Services Revolving Credit Facility; and
secured the $200 million GIP preferredFacility primarily to fund contributions to equity commitment for Noble Midstream Partners, with $100 million funded during the quarter.method investees.
Available Liquidity
The following table summarizes our cash, debt and available liquidity:
June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(millions, except percentages)March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Noble Energy Excluding
Noble Midstream Partners
 Noble Midstream Partners Total 
Noble Energy Excluding
Noble Midstream Partners
 Noble Midstream Partners Total
Total Cash (1)
$530
 $719
$593
 $9
 $602
 $707
 $12
 $719
Amount Available to be Borrowed Under Revolving Credit Facility (2)
4,000
 4,000
Amounts Available for Borrowing (2)
3,760
 
 3,760
 4,000
 
 4,000
Total Liquidity$4,530
 $4,719
$4,353
 $9
 $4,362
 $4,707
 $12
 $4,719
           
Total Debt (3)
$6,837
 $6,675
$6,335
 $870
 $7,205
 $6,115
 $560
 $6,675
Noble Energy Share of Equity9,071
 9,426
    $9,029
     $9,426
Ratio of Debt-to-Book Capital (4)
43% 41%    44%     41%
(1) 
As of March 31,June 30, 2019 total cash includes cash and cash equivalents of $10 million related to Noble Midstream Partners and $2 million of restricted cash. As of December 31, 2018, total cash includes cash and cash equivalents of $11$132 million related to Noble Midstream Partners and $3 million of restricted cash.cash, respectively.
(2) 
Excludes amounts available to be borrowed under the Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, which is not available to Noble Energy for general corporate purposes.
(3) 
Total debt includes long-term finance lease obligations and excludes unamortized debt discount/premium and debt issuance costs. Additionally, it includes Noble Midstream Partners' debt of $730 million and $560 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 7. Debt.
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(4) 
We define our ratio of debt-to-book capital as total debt (long-term debt excluding unamortized discount/premium and issuance costs, the current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings) divided by the sum of total debt plus Noble Energy's share of equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents   We had approximately $528$470 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents at March 31,June 30, 2019, primarily denominated in US dollars and invested in money market funds and short-term deposits with major financial institutions. Approximately $361$435 million of this cash is attributable to our foreign subsidiaries. We do not expect to incur any significant US income tax expense with respect to future repatriation of foreign cash.
Revolving Credit Facilities Noble Energy's $4.0 billion Revolving Credit Facility of $4.0 billion and the $800 million Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility of $800 million both mature in 2023. These facilities are used to fund capital investment programs and acquisitions and may periodically provide amounts for working capital purposes. At March 31, 2019, no amounts were outstanding underBecause the Noble Energycommercial paper program is
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supported by the Revolving Credit Facility, and $230outstanding commercial paper borrowings of $240 million at June 30, 2019 reduced the amount available for borrowing to $3.8 billion. Additionally, at June 30, 2019, $370 million was outstanding under the Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility, leaving $4.0 billion and $570$430 million in remaining availabilityavailable under the respective facilities. facility.  
Commercial Paper Program In first quarter 2019, we established a commercial paper program to provide for short-term funding needs. The program allows for a maximum of $4.0 billion of unsecured commercial paper notes and is supported by the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31,June 30, 2019, no$240 million of commercial paper wasborrowings were outstanding. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 7. Debt.
GIP Preferred Equity Commitment OnIn March 25, 2019, Noble Midstream Partners secured a $200 million preferred equity commitment from GIP to fund capital contributions to Dos Rios Crude Intermediate LLC, a newly-formed subsidiary holding Noble Midstream Partners’ 30% equity interest in EPIC Crude Holdings. Of the $200 million total commitment, $100 million was funded, with the remaining $100 million available for a one-year period, subject to certain conditions precedent. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
Contractual Obligations
Marcellus Shale Firm Transportation Agreements We have remaining financial commitments of approximately $1.1$1.0 billion, undiscounted, associated with Marcellus Shale firm transportation contracts. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 9. Exit Cost – Transportation Commitments.
Credit Rating EventsWe do not have any triggering events on our consolidated debt that would cause a default in case of a downgrade of our credit rating. In addition, there are no existing ratings triggers in any of our commodity hedging agreements that would require the posting of collateral. However, a series of downgrades or other negative rating actions could increase our cost of financing and may increase our requirements to post collateral as financial assurance of performance under certain other contractual arrangements, such as pipeline transportation contracts, crude oil and natural gas sales contracts, work commitments and certain abandonment obligations. A requirement to post collateral could have a negative impact on our liquidity.
Letters of Credit In the ordinary course of business, we maintain letters of credit and bank guarantees with a variety of banks in support of certain performance obligations of our subsidiaries. Outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees, including those of Noble Midstream Partners, totaled approximately $100$99 million at March 31,June 30, 2019.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our total cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities:
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018
Operating Activities$528
 $583
$1,092
 $1,079
Investing Activities(911) (572)(1,697) (1,050)
Financing Activities194
 298
488
 (121)
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$(189) $309
Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$(117) $(92)
Operating Activities   Cash provided by operating activities for the first quartersix months of 2019 decreased $55increased $13 million as compared with 2018. The increase was primarily driven by cash settlements for commodity derivatives of $15 million, as compared with cash payments of $93 million in 2018, primarilyincrease in accounts payable due to timing of payments, increase in partner advances of $132 million and a decrease of $133 million in assets held for sale. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in net revenues driven by declining crude oillower commodity prices and NGLa reduction in sales prices, partially offset by higher production costs attributable to increased operational activity and rising costs in US onshore. In addition, we received cash in settlements for commodity derivatives of $14 million, as compared with cash payments of $28 million in the prior year.volumes.
Investing Activities   Cash used in investing activities increased $339$647 million for the first quartersix months of 2019 as compared with 2018, primarily due to a decrease in net proceeds provided by divestitures, partially offset by a decrease in capital spending for property, plant and equipment. In addition, in first quarter 2019, Noble Midstream Partners'Partners invested $271$415 million onin equity
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method investees compared to none in prior year. Finally, thereinvestees. There were no acquisitions infor the first quartersix months of 2019 compared to $650 million in the prior year. See Operating Outlook – 2019 Capital Investment Program.
Financing Activities  Our financing activities during the first quartersix months of 2019 includeincluded net borrowings of $170$240 million under the commercial paper program, net borrowings of $310 million on the Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility and the receipt of $99 million of GIP preferred equity, net of offering costs. In addition, during the first quartersix months of 2019, we paid $53$111 million of cash dividends to Noble Energy shareholders. Other financing activities used net cash of $50 million.
Our financing activities during the first quartersix months of 2018 included a net repayment of $230 million, on thenet, Revolving Credit Facility repayment and net borrowings of $350$445 million, on thenet, Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility borrowings used primarily to fund the Saddle Butte acquisition. In addition,During the first six months of 2018, we madeused $384 million of cash to redeem senior notes, repurchased $130 million of common stock repurchases totaling $67 million pursuant to our sharestock repurchase program, and paid $48$102 million of cash dividends to Noble Energy shareholders.shareholders and paid $22 million of cash distributions to Noble Midstream Partners noncontrolling interest owners. We also received $331 million of contributions from noncontrolling interest owners. Other financing activities used net cash of $29 million.
See Item 1. Financial Statements – Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
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Capital Expenditure Activities
Our capital expenditures (on an accrual basis) were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(millions)2019 20182019 2018 2019 2018
Unproved Property Acquisition (1)
$35
 $4
$4
 $9
 $39
 $13
Proved Property Acquisition (1)
4
 

 
 4
 
Exploration and Development628
 652
582
 762
 1,210
 1,414
Midstream (2)
66
 459
52
 157
 118
 616
Corporate and Other18
 11
13
 16
 31
 27
Total$751
 $1,126
$651
 $944
 $1,402
 $2,070
Other          
Investment in Equity Method Investees (3)
$271
 $
$144
 $
 $415
 $
Increase in Finance Lease Obligations2
 
1
 
 3
 
(1) 
Costs for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 relate to US onshore leasehold activity.
(2) 
Midstream expenditures for first quarterthe six months ended June 30, 2018 include $206 million related to the Saddle Butte Acquisition.acquisition.
(3) 
Costs for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily include primarily Noble Midstream Partners' $227$369 million investment in EPIC Y-Grade and EPIC Crude Holdings and $38$39 million investment in Delaware Crossing. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures.
Exploration and development costs for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 decreased as compared with 2018, due to our focus on US onshore capital efficiencies and the near-term completion of Leviathan development activities. ExplorationYear to date exploration and development costs include approximately $487$940 million for US onshore and $132$251 million for Eastern Mediterranean, primarily related to Leviathan.
Midstream capital spending, excluding acquisitions, for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019 decreased as compared with 2018. First quarter 2019 activities focused primarily on well connections in the DJ and Delaware Basins, as well as expansion of the Mustang IDP and Black Diamond system whilegathering system. 2018 activities included construction and commencement of services for the Mustang IDP gathering and fresh water systems, Delaware Basin CGFs, and connecting the Black Diamond system to a major crude oil takeaway outlet in the DJ Basin.
Dividends
On April 22,July 23, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of 12 cents per Noble Energy common share, which will be paid on May 20,August 19, 2019 to shareholders of record on May 6,August 5, 2019. The amount of future dividends will be determined on a quarterly basis at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to market risk in the normal course of business operations, and the volatility of crude oil and natural gas prices continues to impact the oil and gas industry. See Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations – Exploration & Production.
Derivative Instruments Held for Non-Trading Purposes   At March 31,June 30, 2019, our open commodity derivative instruments were in a net liability position with a fair value of $73$14 million. Based on the March 31,June 30, 2019 published commodity futures price curves for the underlying commodities, a hypothetical price increase of 10% per Bbl for crude oil and 10% per MMBtu for natural gas would increase the fair value of our net commodity derivative liability by approximately $508$146 million. Even with certain hedging arrangements in place to mitigate the risk of commodity price volatility, our 2019 revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected if commodity prices decline. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Interest Rate Risk
Changes in interest rates affect the amount of interest we pay on certain of our borrowings. Issuances of commercial paper under our commercial paper program and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, Noble Midstream Services Revolving Credit Facility and Noble Midstream Services Term Loan Credit Facility, which as March 31,of June 30, 2019 total $730 million$1.1 billion and have a weighted average interest rate of 3.49%3.50%, are subject to variable interest rates which expose us to the risk of earnings or cash flow loss due to potential increases in market interest rates. While we currently have no interest rate derivative
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instruments as of March 31,June 30, 2019, we may invest in such instruments in the future in order to mitigate interest rate risk.
A change in the interest rate applicable to amounts, if any, outstanding under the facilities or commercial paper issuances mentioned above, would have had a de minimis impact on interest expense for second quarter and the first quartersix months of 2019. See Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 7. Debt.
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. These forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
our growth strategies;
our future results of operations;
our liquidity and ability to finance our exploration and development activities;
our ability to successfully and economically explore for and develop crude oil, NGL and natural gas resources;
anticipated trends in our business;
market conditions in the oil and gas industry;
the impact of governmental regulation, including US federal, state, local, and foreign host government tax regulations, fiscal policies and terms, as well as that involving the protection of the environment or marketing of production and other regulations;
our ability to make and integrate acquisitions or execute divestitures; and
access to resources.
Any such projections or statements reflect Noble Energy’s views (as of the date such projectsprojections were published or such statements were made) about future events and financial performance. No assurances can be given that such events or performance will occur as projected, and actual results may differ materially from those projected. Important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those projected include, without limitation, the volatility in commodity prices for crude oil and natural gas, the presence or recoverability of estimated reserves, the ability to replace reserves, environmental risks, drilling and operating risks, exploration and development risks, information technology and security risks, competition, government regulation or other action, the ability of management to execute its plans to meet its goals and other risks inherent in Noble Energy’s business that are detailed in its Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements may be expressed differently. These forward-looking statements are made based upon our current plans, expectations, estimates, assumptions and beliefs concerning future events impacting us and therefore involve a number of risks and uncertainties. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees and that actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. You should consider carefully the statements under Item 1A. Risk Factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which describe factors that could
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cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.  Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 is available on our website at www.nblenergy.com.
Item 4.     Controls and Procedures
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures by our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, each of them has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)), are effective. There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. These forms can also be obtained from the SEC by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. Alternatively, you may access these reports at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Part II. Other Information
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
See discussion of legal proceedings in Part I. Financial Information, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies of this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II. Item 1, as well as discussion in Item 3. Legal Proceedings, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our share repurchase activity:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 Average Price Paid Per Share 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
       (millions)
1/1/2019 - 1/31/2019933
 $20.68
 
  
2/1/2019 - 2/28/2019217,821
 22.54
 
  
3/1/2019 - 3/31/2019902
 24.65
 
  
Total219,656
 $22.54
 
 $455
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 Average Price Paid Per Share 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
 Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
       (millions)
4/1/2019 - 4/30/20191,467
 $25.64
 
  
5/1/2019 - 5/31/2019132
 24.55
 
  
6/1/2019 - 6/30/2019462
 21.36
 
  
Total2,061
 $24.61
 
 $455
 
(1) 
Stock repurchases during the period related to common stock received by us from employees for the payment of withholding taxes due on shares of common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans.
(2) 
During firstsecond quarter 2019, we did not repurchase shares under the $750 million share repurchase program, authorized by the Board of Directors and announced on February 15, 2018, which expires December 31, 2020.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None. 
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable. 
Item 5.    Other Information
None.
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Item 6.    Exhibits

Exhibit Number Exhibit*
   
2.1 
   
2.2 
   
3.1 
   
3.2 
   
10.1* 
   
10.2* 
   
10.3* 
   
10.4* 
   
10.5* 
   
31.1 
   
31.2 
   
32.1 
   
32.2 
   
101.INS Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
   
101.SCH XBRL Schema Document
   
101.CAL XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB XBRL Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit hereto.
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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
    NOBLE ENERGY, INC.
    (Registrant)
     
Date May 3,August 2, 2019 By: /s/ Kenneth M. Fisher
    
Kenneth M. Fisher
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer


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