UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
þQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period endedSeptember 30, 20172020
OR
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to       
Commission File Number: 1-10945

OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
oii-20200930_g1.jpg
Delaware95-2628227
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11911 FM 529
Houston,Texas77041
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(713) 329-4500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed from last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.25 per shareOIINew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þYes   ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  þ  Yes   ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþAccelerated filer¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company¨
Emerging growth company
¨


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
¨Yesþ No
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of October 27, 2017: 98,279,06230, 2020: 99,304,638 




Oceaneering International, Inc.
Form 10-Q
Table of Contents
 
Part I
Part IItem 1.
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Part II
Item 1.
Item 6.1A.
Item 6.Exhibits



1

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.Financial Statements.

Item 1.Financial Statements

OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
Sep 30, 2020Dec 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$358,777 $373,655 
Accounts receivable, net331,617 421,360 
Contract assets, net220,760 221,288 
Inventory, net148,527 174,744 
Other current assets66,139 53,389 
Total Current Assets1,125,820 1,244,436 
Property and equipment, at cost2,418,523 2,622,185 
Less accumulated depreciation1,809,097 1,845,653 
Net property and equipment609,426 776,532 
Other Assets:
Goodwill34,559 405,079 
Other noncurrent assets128,180 151,378 
Right-of-use operating lease assets139,715 163,238 
Total other assets302,454 719,695 
Total Assets$2,037,700 $2,740,663 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable$96,481 $145,933 
Accrued liabilities289,128 337,681 
Contract liabilities45,566 117,342 
Total current liabilities431,175 600,956 
Long-term debt805,631 796,516 
Long-term operating lease liabilities154,355 160,988 
Other long-term liabilities87,120 106,794 
Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
Common stock, par value $0.25 per share; 360,000,000 shares authorized; 110,834,088 shares issued27,709 27,709 
Additional paid-in capital190,250 207,130 
Treasury stock; 11,529,450 and 11,903,252 shares, at cost(660,234)(681,640)
Retained earnings1,376,220 1,850,244 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(380,589)(334,097)
Oceaneering shareholders' equity553,356 1,069,346 
       Noncontrolling interest6,063 6,063 
               Total equity559,419 1,075,409 
Total Liabilities and Equity$2,037,700 $2,740,663 
  Sep 30, 2017 Dec 31, 2016
(in thousands, except share data)  
  (unaudited)  
ASSETS    
Current Assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $472,381
 $450,193
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $6,151 and $8,288 464,547
 489,749
Inventory, net 245,783
 280,130
Other current assets 50,064
 42,523
Total Current Assets 1,232,775
 1,262,595
Property and Equipment, at cost 2,790,056
 2,728,125
Less accumulated depreciation 1,706,703
 1,574,867
Net Property and Equipment 1,083,353
 1,153,258
Other Assets:    
Goodwill 464,772
 443,551
Other non-current assets 363,783
 270,911
Total Other Assets 828,555
 714,462
Total Assets $3,144,683
 $3,130,315
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY    
Current Liabilities:    
Accounts payable $89,438
 $77,593
Accrued liabilities 372,018
 430,771
Total Current Liabilities 461,456
 508,364
Long-term Debt 795,805
 793,058
Other Long-term Liabilities 387,464
 312,250
Commitments and Contingencies 

 

Equity:    
Common Stock, par value $0.25 per share; 360,000,000 shares authorized; 110,834,088 shares issued 27,709
 27,709
Additional paid-in capital 224,542
 227,566
Treasury stock; 12,557,317 and 12,768,726 shares, at cost (719,096) (731,202)
Retained earnings 2,243,844
 2,295,234
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (282,395) (302,664)
Oceaneering Shareholders' Equity 1,494,604
 1,516,643
       Noncontrolling interest 5,354
 
               Total Equity 1,499,958
 1,516,643
Total Liabilities and Equity $3,144,683
��$3,130,315

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

2


Table of Contents
OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)2020201920202019
Revenue$439,743 $497,647 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 
Cost of services and products410,092 448,586 1,284,687 1,368,683 
Gross margin29,651 49,061 118,940 118,631 
Selling, general and administrative expense49,396 54,255 152,856 155,174 
Long-lived assets impairments68,763 
Goodwill impairment40,875 343,880 
Income (loss) from operations(60,620)(5,194)(446,559)(36,543)
Interest income414 2,089 2,202 6,541 
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized(9,250)(11,382)(33,323)(31,005)
Equity in income (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates131 554 2,002 390 
Other income (expense), net(2,836)(3,660)(13,624)(2,934)
Income (loss) before income taxes(72,161)(17,593)(489,302)(63,551)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes7,204 7,930 (17,551)21,981 
Net Income (Loss)$(79,365)$(25,523)$(471,751)$(85,532)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
    Basic99,297 98,930 99,209 98,858 
    Diluted99,297 98,930 99,209 98,858 
Earnings (loss) per share
    Basic$(0.80)$(0.26)$(4.76)$(0.87)
    Diluted$(0.80)$(0.26)$(4.76)$(0.87)
   Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Revenue $476,120
 $549,275
 $1,437,332
 $1,783,158
Cost of services and products 421,235
 513,832
 1,284,021
 1,555,002
 Gross Margin 54,885
 35,443
 153,311
 228,156
Selling, general and administrative expense 44,354
 47,299
 133,540
 153,533
 Income (loss) from Operations 10,531
 (11,856) 19,771
 74,623
Interest income 1,997
 684
 5,379
 2,421
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized (8,650) (6,325) (22,517) (18,924)
Equity in income (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates (424) (246) (1,798) 543
Other income (expense), net (1,287) 570
 (3,901) (6,823)
 Income (Loss) before Income Taxes 2,167
 (17,173) (3,066) 51,840
Provision for (benefits from) income taxes 3,935
 (5,375) 4,104
 16,226
 Net income (loss) $(1,768) $(11,798) $(7,170) $35,614
         
Weighted average shares outstanding        
    Basic 98,270
 98,061
 98,224
 98,025
    Diluted 98,270
 98,061
 98,224
 98,384
Earnings (Loss) per Share        
    Basic $(0.02) $(0.12) $(0.07) $0.36
    Diluted $(0.02) $(0.12) $(0.07) $0.36
Cash Dividends declared per Share $0.15
 $0.27
 $0.45
 $0.81

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



3


Table of Contents

OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2020201920202019
Net income (loss)$(79,365)$(25,523)$(471,751)$(85,532)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments13,204 (33,159)(46,492)(26,710)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)13,204 (33,159)(46,492)(26,710)
Comprehensive income (loss)$(66,161)$(58,682)$(518,243)$(112,242)
          
   Three Months Ended Sep 30, Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
(in thousands) 2017 2016 2017 2016
Net Income (Loss) $(1,768) $(11,798) $(7,170) $35,614
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:        
 Foreign currency translation adjustments 16,547
 16,411
 20,269
 31,246
Total other comprehensive income 16,547
 16,411
 20,269
 31,246
Total Comprehensive Income $14,779
 $4,613
 $13,099
 $66,860


The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.



4

Table of Contents
OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)20202019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)$(471,751)$(85,532)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization, including goodwill impairment482,445 153,357 
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets68,763 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)(8,211)(8,171)
Inventory write-downs7,038 
Net loss (gain) on sales of property and equipment and cost method investment1,597 (4,935)
Noncash compensation6,252 8,202 
Noncash impact of lease accounting(1,838)
Excluding the effects of acquisitions, increase (decrease) in cash from:
Accounts receivable and contract assets87,999 51,629 
Inventory19,179 (10,765)
Proceeds from interest rate swaps12,840 
Other operating assets(4,639)16,502 
Currency translation effect on working capital, excluding cash3,256 (4,375)
Current liabilities(158,496)(340)
Other operating liabilities(12,071)(3,405)
Total adjustments to net income (loss)504,114 197,699 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities32,363 112,167 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(45,840)(128,847)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates5,374 2,395 
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment1,752 6,406 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities(38,714)(120,046)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Other financing activities(1,725)(2,320)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities(1,725)(2,320)
Effect of exchange rates on cash(6,802)(3,737)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents(14,878)(13,936)
Cash and Cash Equivalents—Beginning of Period373,655 354,259 
Cash and Cash Equivalents—End of Period$358,777 $340,323 
  Nine Months Ended Sep 30,
(in thousands) 2017 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:    
Net income (loss) $(7,170) $35,614
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 160,480
 193,960
Deferred income tax provision (benefit) (25,065) (6,704)
Inventory write-downs 
 30,490
Net loss on sales of property and equipment 429
 516
Noncash compensation 10,854
 10,546
Excluding the effects of acquisitions, increase (decrease) in cash from:    
Accounts receivable 25,501
 102,361
Inventory 35,000
 768
Other operating assets (20,162) 57,879
Currency translation effect on working capital, excluding cash 253
 15,592
Current liabilities (56,148) (161,488)
Other operating liabilities 20,042
 (17,861)
Total adjustments to net income 151,184
 226,059
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 144,014
 261,673
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:    
Purchases of property and equipment (59,900) (83,389)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (11,278) (2,500)
Other investing activities (10,777) (39,818)
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates 2,556
 5,108
Dispositions of property and equipment 635
 3,217
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (78,764) (117,382)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:   
Cash dividends (44,220) (79,429)
Other financing activities (1,772) (1,927)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities (45,992) (81,356)
Effect of exchange rates on cash 2,930
 (6,545)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents 22,188
 56,390
Cash and Cash Equivalents—Beginning of Period 450,193
 385,235
Cash and Cash Equivalents—End of Period $472,381
 $441,625

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.





5

Table of Contents
OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(unaudited)
   
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury
Stock
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Oceaneering Shareholders' EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2019$27,709 $207,130 $(681,640)$1,850,244 $(334,097)$1,069,346 $6,063 $1,075,409 
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 adoption— — — (2,273)— (2,273)— (2,273)
Net income (loss)— — — (367,598)— (367,598)— (367,598)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — (70,325)(70,325)— (70,325)
Restricted stock unit activity— (11,816)13,262 — — 1,446 — 1,446 
Restricted stock activity— (5,992)5,992 — — — 
Balance, March 31, 202027,709 189,322 (662,386)1,480,373 (404,422)630,596 6,063 636,659 
Net income (loss)— — — (24,788)— (24,788)— (24,788)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — 10,629 10,629 — 10,629 
Restricted stock unit activity— 1,790 1,119 — — 2,909 — 2,909 
Balance, June 30, 202027,709 191,112 (661,267)1,455,585 (393,793)619,346 6,063 625,409 
Net income (loss)— — — (79,365)— (79,365)— (79,365)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — 13,204 13,204 — 13,204 
Restricted stock unit activity— (862)1,033 — — 171 — 171 
Balance, September 30, 2020$27,709 $190,250 $(660,234)$1,376,220 (380,589)$553,356 $6,063 $559,419 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital
Treasury
Stock
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Oceaneering Shareholders' EquityNon-controlling InterestTotal Equity
(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018$27,709 $220,421 $(704,066)$2,204,548 $(339,377)$1,409,235 $6,063 $1,415,298 
Cumulative effect of ASC 842 adoption— — — (5,860)— (5,860)— (5,860)
Net income (loss)— — — (24,827)— (24,827)— (24,827)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — 6,246 6,246 — 6,246 
Restricted stock unit activity— (16,494)17,137 — — 643 — 643 
Restricted stock activity— (5,143)5,143 — — — 
Balance, March 31, 201927,709 198,784 (681,786)2,173,861 (333,131)1,385,437 6,063 1,391,500 
Net income (loss)— — — (35,182)— (35,182)— (35,182)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — 203 203 — 203 
Restricted stock unit activity— 2,443 69 — — 2,512 — 2,512 
Balance, June 30, 201927,709 201,227 (681,717)2,138,679 (332,928)1,352,970 6,063 1,359,033 
Net income (loss)— — — (25,523)— (25,523)— (25,523)
Other comprehensive income (loss) currency translation adjustments— — — — (33,159)(33,159)— (33,159)
Restricted stock unit activity— 2,728 — — — 2,728 — 2,728 
Balance, September 30, 2019$27,709 $203,955 $(681,717)$2,113,156 $(366,087)$1,297,016 $6,063 $1,303,079 

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.    SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACCOUNTING POLICIES


Basis of Presentation. Oceaneering International, Inc. ("Oceaneering",Oceaneering," "we" or "us") has prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to instructions for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, which we are required to file with the U.S.United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). These financial statements do not include all information and footnotes normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). These financial statements reflect all adjustments that we believe are necessary to present fairly our financial position as of September 30, 20172020 and our results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Except as otherwise disclosed herein, all such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual results.
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Oceaneering and our 50% or more owned and controlled subsidiaries. We also consolidate entities that are determined to be variable interest entities if we determine that we are the primary beneficiary; otherwise, we account for those entities using the equity method of accounting. We use the equity method to account for our investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies of which we own an equity interest of between 20% and 50% and as to which we have significant influence, but not control, over operations. We use the cost method for all other long-term investments. Investments in entities that we do not consolidate are reflected on our balance sheet in Other non-currentother noncurrent assets. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates.The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that our management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities atas of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications. Recasting of Certain amounts fromPrior Period Information. In the third quarter of 2020, we changed our organizational structure as part of the transformation to realign our businesses to achieve greater cost efficiencies. As a result, information that our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews changed. Therefore, for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, we are reporting our financial results consistent with our newly realigned operating segments and have recast certain prior periods have been reclassifiedperiod amounts to conform to the way we now manage our businesses and monitor segment performance as described in Note 3–"Revenue" and Note 10–"Business Segment Information." We also changed our reporting units to realign with the current period presentation.changes in our segments and reassessed impairments for long-lived assets and goodwill as described in Note 4–"Impairments."
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of investment.
Accounts Receivable – Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Credit Loss—Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Costs. On January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13,"Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," as amended ("ASC 326"), which introduces a new credit reserving methodology known as the Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") model. The CECL model applies to financial assets measured at amortized costs, including accounts receivable, contract assets and held-to-maturity loan receivables. Under the CECL model, we identify allowances for credit loss based on future expected losses when accounts receivable, contract assets or held-to-maturity loan receivables are created rather than when losses are probable.
We determineuse the needloss-rate method in developing the allowance for allowancescredit losses, which involves identifying pools of assets with similar risk characteristics, reviewing historical losses within the last five years and consideration of reasonable supportable forecasts of economic indicators. Changes in estimates, developing trends and other new information could have material effects on future evaluations.
We monitor the credit quality of our accounts receivable and other financing receivable amounts by frequent customer interaction, following economic and industry trends and reviewing specific customer data. Our other receivable amounts include contract assets and held-to-maturity loans receivable, which we consider to have a low risk of loss.
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We are monitoring the impacts from the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and volatility in the oil and natural gas markets on our customers and various counterparties. We have considered the current and expected economic and market conditions, as a result of COVID-19, in determining credit loss expense for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020.
As a result of the adoption of ASC 326, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $2.3 million as of January 1, 2020, which decreased retained earnings and increased the allowance for credit losses. We adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method. Prior periods were not restated. We had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $7.5 million as of December 31, 2019, which we determined using the specific identification method. method, in accordance with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. As of September 30, 2020, our allowance for credit losses was $9.2 million for accounts receivable and $0.6 million for other receivables.
Financial assets are written off when deemed uncollectible and there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, we wrote off accounts receivable of $5.3 million that previously had been reserved.
We have elected to apply the practical expedient available under ASC 326 to exclude the accrued interest receivable balance that is included in our held-to-maturity loans receivable. The amount excluded as of September 30, 2020 was $1.6 million.
Accounts receivable are considered to be past-due after the end of the contractual terms agreed to with the customer. There were no material past-due amounts that we consider uncollectible for our financial assets as of September 30, 2020. We generally do not generally require collateral from our customers.
See Note 2—"Accounting Standards Update"—for more information on our adoption of our adoption of ASC 326.
Inventory. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We determine cost using the weighted-average method.
Property and Equipment, and Long-Lived Intangible Assets and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets. We provide for depreciation of assets included in property and equipment on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We charge the costs of repair and maintenance of property and equipment to operations as incurred, while we capitalize the costs of improvements that extend asset lives or functionality. Upon the disposition of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved, and any resulting gain or loss is included as an adjustment to cost of services and products.
IntangibleLong-lived intangible assets, primarily acquired in connection with business combinations, include trade names, intellectual property and customer relationships and are being amortized over their respective estimated useful lives.
Right-of-use operating lease assets are recognized, in each case, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement or modification date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at commencement or modification date in determining the present value of future payments. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, we considered our external credit ratings, bond yields for us and peer companies, the risk-free rate in geographic regions where we operate, and the impact associated with providing collateral over a similar term as the lease for an amount equal to the future lease payments. Our right-of-use operating lease assets also include any lease prepayments made and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We capitalize interest on assets where the construction period is anticipated to be more than three months. We capitalized $1.1no interest in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and $1.4 million and $1.0$3.4 million of interest in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017three- and 2016, respectively, and $3.3 million and $2.8 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,2019, respectively. We do not allocate general administrative costs to capital projects.
Our management periodically, and upon the occurrence of a triggering event, reviews the realizability of our property and equipment, and long-lived intangible assets and right-of-use operating lease assets to determine whether any events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amountamounts of the assetassets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, we base our evaluation on impairment indicators such as the nature of
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the assets, the future economic benefits of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements and other external market

conditions or factors that may be present. If such impairment indicators are present or other factors exist that indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we determine whether an impairment has occurred through the useby utilization of an undiscounted cash flows analysis of the asset at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist. If an impairment has occurred, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. For additional information regarding write-downs and write-offs of property and equipment, long-lived intangible assets and right-of-use operating lease assets in the three months ended March 31, 2020, see Note 4—"Impairments" and Note 10—"Business Segment Information."
For assets held for sale or disposal, the fair value of the asset is measured using fair market value less estimated costs to sell. Assets are classified as held-for-saleheld for sale when we have a plan for disposal of certain assets and those assets meet the held for sale criteria.

Business Acquisitions. We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, and, in each case, we allocate the acquisition price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair market values at the date of acquisition.

On August 31, 2017, we acquired a 60% ownership interest in Dalgidj LLC ("Dalgidj") for approximately $12.4 million.  Of the $12.4 million, $4.4 millionGoodwill. Our goodwill is expected to be paid during the fourth quarter of 2017, and $3.0 million is expected to be paid in 2018. Therefore, $7.4 million has not yet been reflected in Business acquisitions in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In connection with the purchase of the equity interest, we advanced Dalgidj $6.4 million to pay off certain Dalgidj indebtedness.

Dalgidj is an Azerbaijan company that provides office and yard facilities for warehousing, logistics and administration to foreign and local companies in the Caspian Sea basin.  Dalgidj also owns a 49% interest in a joint venture, which provides remotely operated vehicle solutions, air diving services, and engineering and project management services. 

As a result of the Dalgidj acquisition, we have recognized $5.4 million in Noncontrolling interest on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for the one month since we acquired Dalgidj was not significant. The operating results of Dalgidj are reflected in our Subsea Projects segment.

Goodwill. In our annual evaluation of goodwillevaluated for impairment annually and whenever we first assessed qualitative factors to determine whether the existence ofidentify certain triggering events or circumstances led to a determination that it waswould more likely than not thatreduce the fair value of a reporting unit was less thanbelow its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, we determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, we were required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test. We tested the goodwill attributable to each of our reporting units for impairment as of December 31, 2016 and concluded that there was no impairment. In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04 "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." This update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under the amendments in this update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. However, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The amendments in this update are effective beginning January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for testing dates after January 1, 2017, and the update is to be applied on a prospective basis. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2017.

In addition to our annual evaluation of goodwill, forwe perform a qualitative or quantitative impairment upontest. Under the occurrence of a triggering event,qualitative approach, if we review our goodwill to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.amount, we are required to perform the quantitative analysis to determine the fair value for the reporting unit. We then compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. We also consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. For additional information regarding impairments of goodwill in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, see Note 4—"Impairments" and Note 10—"Business Segment Information."

Foreign Currency Translation.The functional currency for several of our foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency. Results of operations for foreign subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect atas of the balance sheet date, and the resulting translation adjustments are recognized, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of shareholders' equity. All foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized currently in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue Recognition. All our revenue is realized through contracts with customers. We recognize our revenue according to the contract type. On a daily basis, we recognize service revenue over time for contracts that provide for specific time, material and equipment charges, which we bill periodically, ranging from weekly to monthly. We use the input method to faithfully depict revenue recognition, because each day of service provided represents value to the customer. The performance obligations in these contracts are satisfied, and revenue is recognized, as the work is performed. We have used the expedient available to recognize revenue when the billing corresponds to the value realized by the customer where appropriate.
New Accounting Standards. We account for significant fixed-price contracts, mainly relating to our Manufactured Products segment, and to a lesser extent in our Offshore Projects Group and Aerospace and Defense Technologies segments, by recognizing revenue over time using an input, cost-to-cost measurement percentage-of-completion method. We use the input cost-to-cost method to faithfully depict revenue recognition. This commonly used method allows appropriate calculation of progress on our contracts. A performance obligation is satisfied as we create a product on behalf of the customer over the life of the contract. The remainder of our revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, thus satisfying the performance obligation.
We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping as an expense when incurred. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, and that are collected by us from customers, are excluded from revenue.
In May 2014,our service-based business lines, we principally charge on a dayrate basis for services provided. In our product-based business lines, predominantly in our Manufactured Products segment, we recognize revenue and profit using the FASB issuedpercentage-of-completion method and exclude uninstalled materials and significant inefficiencies from the measure of progress.
We apply judgment in the determination and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations, and the subsequent recognition of revenue, based on the facts and circumstances of each contract. We routinely review
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estimates related to our contracts and, when required, reflect revisions to profitability in earnings immediately. If an element of variable consideration has the potential for a significant future reversal of revenue, we will constrain that variable consideration to a level intended to remove the potential future reversal. If a current estimate of total contract cost indicates an ultimate loss on a contract, we recognize the projected loss in full when we determine it. In prior years, we have recorded adjustments to earnings as a result of revisions to contract estimates; however, we did not have any material adjustments during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. There could be significant adjustments to overall contract costs in the future, due to changes in facts and circumstances.
In general, our payment terms consist of those services billed regularly as provided and those products delivered at a point in time, which are invoiced after the performance obligation is satisfied. Our product and service contracts with milestone payments due at agreed progress points during the contract are invoiced when those milestones are reached, which may differ from the timing of revenue recognition. Our payment terms generally do not provide financing of contracts to customers, nor do we receive financing from customers as a result of these terms.
See Note 3—"Revenue" for more information on our revenue from contracts with customers.
Leases. Effective as of January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2014-09,2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842") ("ASC 842"), which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets ("ROU assets") and lease liabilities for virtually all leases and updates previous accounting standards for lessors to align certain requirements of the new leases standard and the revenue recognition accounting standard. We elected to apply the transition method that allowed us to apply this update at the adoption date and adopted the practical expedients that permitted us to retain the identification and classification of leases made under the previously applicable accounting standards. The adoption of this ASU as of January 1, 2019 resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment of $5.9 million recorded to retained earnings, with corresponding adjustments to increase ROU assets and lease liabilities by $185 million and $191 million, respectively. The adoption of this ASU did not materially affect our net earnings and had no impact on cash flows. Comparative information with respect to prior periods has not been retrospectively restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception, whether as a lessee or a lessor. We take into consideration the elements of an identified asset, right to control and the receipt of economic benefit in making those determinations.
As a lessor, we lease certain types of equipment along with the provision of services and utilize the expedient allowing us to combine the lease and non-lease components into a combined component that is accounted for (1) under ASC 842, when the lease component is predominant, and (2) under the accounting standard "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2014-09,("ASC 606"), when the service component is predominant. In general, when we have a service component, it is typically the predominant element and leads to accounting under ASC 606.
As a lessor, we lease certain types of equipment, often providing services at the same time. These leases can be priced on a dayrate or lump-sum basis for periods ranging from a few days to multi-year contracts. These leases are negotiated on commercial terms at market rates and many carry standard options to extend or terminate at our customer's discretion. These leases generally do not contain options to purchase, material restrictions or covenants that impact our accounting for leases.
As a lessee, we lease land, buildings, vessels and equipment for the operation of our business and to support some of our service line revenue streams. These generally carry lease terms that range from days for operational and support equipment to 15 years for land and buildings. These leases are negotiated on commercial terms at market rates and many carry standard options to extend or terminate at our discretion. When the exercise of those options is reasonably certain, we include them in the lease assessment. Our leases do not contain material restrictions or covenants that impact our accounting for them, nor do we provide residual value guarantees.
As a lessee, we utilize the practical expedients to not recognize leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet and to combine lease and non-lease components together and account for the combined component as amended, completesa lease for all asset classes, except real estate.
Right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the joint effort bypresent value of the FASBfuture minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement or modification date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at commencement or modification date in determining the present value of future payments. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, we considered our external credit ratings, bond yields for us and Internationalour identified peers, the risk-free rate in geographic regions where we operate, and the impact associated with providing collateral over a similar term as the lease for an amount equal to the future lease payments. Our right-of-use operating lease assets
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also include any lease prepayments made and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
See Note 4—"Impairments" for more information on determination of impairment indicators for our right-of-use assets.

2.    ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards. On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASC 326, which introduces a new credit reserving model known as the CECL model. The adoption of ASC 326 did not materially affect our net earnings and had no impact on our cash flows. Comparative information with respect to prior periods has not been retrospectively restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2018-13, “Changes to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidancethe Disclosure Requirements for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Fair Value Measurement” ("ASU 2014-09 applies2018-13"). This standard eliminated the prior requirement to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is not permitted before periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and we have elected to apply ASU 2014-09 by recognizing the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-09 at the date of initial application and not adjusting comparative information.

We have formed a project team to implement this standard. Our project team has now produced the procedures and control changes required to address the impacts that ASU 2014-09 may have on our business. We are now in the process of training our staff on the procedures and controls going into effect January 1, 2018. We continue to believe that our project plan will enable us to complete all of the required work to train our people; implement our new procedures and controls; and calculate the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-09 at the date of initial application, in line with the timeline and requirements of the standard. 
In our service based business lines, which principally charge on a day rate basis for services provided, we see no significant impact indisclose the amount or pattern of revenuereason for transfers between level 1 and profit recognition as a resultlevel 2 of the implementation of ASC 2014-09. In our product based business lines, we expect impacts on the pattern of our revenue and profit recognition as a result of the implementation of ASC 2014-09.
Based on our overall assessment performed to date, we do not expect a significant adjustment to retained earnings being made on January 1, 2018.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments — Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." This update:

requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income;
simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment — when a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value;
eliminateshierarchy and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate thevaluation methodology for level 3 fair value that is required to be disclosedmeasurements. The standard added disclosure requirements for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet;
requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring thelevel 3 fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes;
requires an entitymeasurements, including the requirement to present separatelydisclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income during the portionperiod and the disclosure of the total change in the fair valueother relevant quantitative information for certain unobservable inputs. The adoption of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments;
requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and
clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets.

ASU 2016-01 will be effective for us beginning2018-13 on January 1, 2018. We are currently assessing the2020, did not have a material impact of the requirements of ASU 2016-01 on our consolidated financial statements and future disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards. In February 2016,December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, 2019-12, "Leases.Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes" (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, " This update requiresIncome Taxes," and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities to separate the lease components from the non-lease components in a contract and recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for substantially all lease arrangements.entities. ASU No. 2016-022019-12 is effective for usfiscal years beginning January 1, 2019.after December 15, 2020. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating the requirements ofimpact and do not expect this ASU 2016-02 andto have not yet determined itsa material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016,2020, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, No. 2020-04, "Compensation – Stock Compensation – ImprovementsReference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting," which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This update simplifies several aspectsexisting guidance on applying contract modifications and hedge accounting to facilitate the market transition from existing reference rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), which is scheduled to be phased out in 2021, to alternate rates such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). Entities may elect to apply the provisions of accounting for share-

based payment transactions, includingthis new standard as early as March 12, 2020 until December 31, 2022, when the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification on the statement of cash flows. In addition, the update allows an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that arereference rate replacement activity is expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. The element ofbe complete. We have not yet elected an adoption date. We continue to evaluate the update that willimpact and do not expect this ASU to have the mosta material impact on our consolidated financial statementsstatements.


3.    REVENUE

Revenue by Category

We recognized revenue, disaggregated by business segment, geographical region, and timing of transfer of goods or services, as follows:
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Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *Jun 30, 2020 *Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *
Business Segment:
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$119,617 $151,492 $119,234 $378,621 $432,548 
Manufactured Products110,416 114,487 100,570 377,520 334,488 
Offshore Projects Group73,212 89,115 73,840 221,306 289,193 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions53,933 65,332 53,969 172,631 198,057 
Total Energy Services and Products357,178 420,426 347,613 1,150,078 1,254,286 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies82,565 77,221 79,603 253,549 233,028 
Total$439,743 $497,647 $427,216 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 
*Recast to reflect segment changes.
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019Jun 30, 2020Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Geographic Operating Areas:
Foreign:
Africa$43,077 $73,901 $51,649 $158,143 $222,397 
United Kingdom68,568 61,914 62,426 191,781 180,270 
Norway57,138 59,875 45,423 154,745 162,593 
Asia and Australia30,715 42,662 37,122 113,517 127,211 
Brazil19,296 25,404 19,117 64,902 66,825 
Other22,071 14,178 22,625 69,355 63,734 
Total Foreign240,865 277,934 238,362 752,443 823,030 
United States198,878 219,713 188,854 651,184 664,284 
Total$439,743 $497,647 $427,216 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 
Timing of Transfer of Goods or Services:
Revenue recognized over time$411,809 $460,029 $396,773 $1,306,889 $1,377,211 
Revenue recognized at a point in time27,934 37,618 30,443 96,738 110,103 
Total$439,743 $497,647 $427,216 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 

Contract Balances

Our contracts with milestone payments have, in the aggregate, a significant impact on the contract asset and the contract liability balances. Milestones are contractually agreed with customers and relate to significant events across the contract lives. Some milestones are achieved before revenue is recognized, resulting in a contract liability, while other milestones are achieved after revenue is recognized, resulting in a contract asset.

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Dec 31, 2019
Contract assets$220,760 $221,288 
Contract liabilities45,566 117,342 

Our payment terms consist of those services billed regularly as provided and those products delivered at a point in time, which are invoiced after the performance obligation is satisfied. Our product and service contracts with milestone payments due at agreed progress points during the contract are invoiced when those milestones are reached, which may differ from the timing of revenue recognition.
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During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, contract assets decreased by $0.5 million from the balance at December 31, 2019, due to the timing of billings of approximately $1.272 billion exceeding revenue earned of $1.271 billion. Contract liabilities decreased $72 million from the balance at December 31, 2019, due to revenue recognition of $118 million in excess of deferrals of milestone payments that totaled $46 million. There were no cancellations, impairments or other significant impacts in the period that relate to other categories of explanation.

Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $226 million. In arriving at this value, we have used two practical expedients available to us and are not disclosing amounts in relation to performance obligations: (1) that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less; or (2) on contracts where we recognize revenue in line with the billing. Of this amount, we expect to recognize revenue of $177 million over the next 12 months, and we expect to recognize substantially all of the remaining balance of $48 million within the next 24 months.
Due to the nature of our service contracts in our Subsea Robotics, Offshore Projects Group, Integrity Management & Digital Solutions ("IMDS") and Aerospace and Defense Technologies ("ADTech") segments, the majority of our contracts either have initial contract terms of one year or less or have customer option cancellation clauses that lead us to consider the original expected duration of one year or less.
In our Manufactured Products and ADTech segments, we have long-term contracts that extend beyond one year, and these make up the majority of the performance obligations balance reported as of September 30, 2020. We also have shorter-term product contracts with an expected original duration of one year or less that have been excluded.
Where appropriate, we have made estimates within the transaction price of elements of variable consideration within the contracts and constrained those amounts to a level where we consider it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The amount of revenue recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2020 that was associated with performance obligations completed or partially completed in prior periods was not significant.
As of September 30, 2020, there were no significant outstanding liability balances for refunds or returns due to the nature of our contracts and the services and products we provide. Our warranties are limited to assurance warranties that are of a standard length and are not considered to be income tax consequences. Seematerial rights. The majority of our contracts consist of a single performance obligation. When there are multiple obligations, we look for observable evidence of stand-alone selling prices on which to base the allocation. This involves judgment as to the appropriateness of the observable evidence relating to the facts and circumstances of the contract. If we do not have observable evidence, we estimate stand-alone selling prices by taking a cost-plus-margin approach, using typical margins from the type of product or service, customer and regional geography involved.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

In line with the available practical expedient, we capitalize costs to obtain a contract when those amounts are significant and the contract is expected at inception to exceed one year in duration. Otherwise, the costs are expensed in the period when incurred. Costs to obtain a contract primarily consist of bid and proposal costs, which are incremental to our fixed costs. There were no balances or amortization of costs to obtain a contract in the current reporting periods.

Costs to fulfill a contract primarily consist of certain mobilization costs incurred to provide services or products to our customers. These costs are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance. The closing balance of costs to fulfill a contract was $9.6 million and $15 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, we recorded amortization expense of $1.5 million and $5.3 million, respectively. For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, we recorded amortization expense of $1.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively. No impairment costs were recognized.

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4.    IMPAIRMENTS

In the third quarter of 2020, we changed our organizational structure as part of the transformation to realign our businesses to achieve greater cost efficiencies. This resulted in changes in our operating segments and reporting units. Beginning with the three months ended September 30, 2020, we are reporting our financial results consistent with our newly realigned operating segments and have recast certain prior period amounts presented to reflect these changes. For information regarding our new business segments, see Note 6 -"Income Taxes" -10–"Business Segment Information."

Goodwill

After reallocation of our goodwill to our new segments in the third quarter of 2020, we determined that impairment indicators were present and performed quantitative analyses for our Subsea Robotics and Manufactured Products reporting units. Based on these quantitative analyses, the effect this update has hadfair value was determined to be less than the carrying value for our Manufactured Products unit, but not for our Subsea Robotics reporting unit. As a result, for our Manufactured Products unit, we recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment loss of $41 million.
During the first quarter of 2020, due to the protracted energy downturn compounded by demand destruction resulting from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and insufficient control of crude oil supply levels during the quarter, as well as our customers' continued focus on cost discipline, we determined that impairment indicators were present and we were required to perform a quantitative analysis for our income taxesSubsea Products–Service, Technology and Rentals ("ST&R"), Subsea Products–Manufactured Products, Subsea Projects, Asset Integrity and Advanced Technologies–Commercial reporting units. Based on these quantitative analyses, the fair value was determined to be less than the carrying value for each of those reporting units, with the exception of Subsea Products–Manufactured Products. As a result, for our Subsea Products–ST&R, Subsea Projects, Asset Integrity and Advanced Technologies–Commercial reporting units, we recorded pre-tax goodwill impairment losses of $51 million, $130 million, $111 million and $11 million, respectively. For our Remotely Operated Vehicles ("ROV") and Advanced Technologies–Government reporting units, qualitative assessments were performed; and we concluded that it was more likely than not the fair value of the reporting units were more than the carrying values of the respective reporting units and, therefore, no impairments were recorded for those reporting units.
Our estimates of fair values for our reporting units determined in 2017. Excess tax benefitsthe first and tax deficienciesthird quarters of 2020 required us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable values. For our cash flow projections in each of those periods, we utilized a weighted-average cost of capital ranging from 11% to 15% and a terminal value based on share-based compensation awardsthe Gordon Growth Model, assuming an expected long-term growth rate of 2%.
Our third quarter 2020 change in our operating segments resulted in one reporting unit for each of our new segments. The following table reflects goodwill impairments as recorded in the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, and allocated, based on historical cost, in the third quarter of 2020 to the reporting segments in our new organizational structure:
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in thousands)As originally recordedAs recast to reflect segment changes
Segment/Reporting UnitGoodwill ImpairmentSubsea Robotics Manufactured ProductsOffshore Projects GroupIMDSTotal
Subsea Products/ST&R$51,302 $17,457 $— $33,845 $— $51,302 
Subsea Projects/Subsea Projects129,562 84,661 — 32,440 12,461 129,562 
Asset Integrity/Asset Integrity110,753 — — — 110,753 110,753 
Advanced Technologies/Commercial11,388 — 11,388 — — 11,388 
Total goodwill impairment$303,005 $102,118 $11,388 $66,285 $123,214 $303,005 
We did not identify any triggering events in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and no impairments of goodwill were recorded in those periods.
Aside from the goodwill impairments discussed above, the changes in our reporting units' goodwill balances during the periods presented are nowfrom currency exchange rate changes.
For further information regarding goodwill by business segment, see Note 10–"Business Segment Information."

Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets
After reallocation of our long-lived assets to our new segments in the third quarter of 2020, we determined that impairment indicators were present and performed a quantitative assessment for our Manufactured Products asset groups. Based on that assessment, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the asset groups within Manufactured Products was more than the carrying value of each asset group and, therefore, no impairment was required. We did not identify any triggering events for our asset groups other than those included in Manufactured Products during the third quarter of 2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, due to the protracted energy downturn compounded by demand destruction resulting from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and insufficient control of crude oil supply levels during the quarter, as well as our customers' continued focus on cost discipline, we determined that impairment indicators were present within certain of our asset groups. To measure market value for these asset groups, we used the following approaches:
Subsea Distribution Solutions U.K. - We utilized the cost approach and considered economic obsolescence under the income approach to determine fair value of the property and equipment.
Subsea Distribution Solutions Brazil and Angola - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair values.
Shallow Water vessels - We utilized the cost approach and considered historical, current and anticipated dayrates and utilization to measure market value.
Renewables and Special Projects - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair values.
Oceaneering Entertainment Systems and Oceaneering AGV Systems - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair value.
Our estimates of fair values for these asset groups required us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable value. In the first quarter of 2020, our cash flow projections utilized a weighted-average cost of capital ranging from 12% to 15% and a terminal value based on the Gordon Growth Model, assuming an expected long-term growth rate of 2%.
Our third quarter 2020 change in operating segments did not result in any changes in our asset groups. Our reporting units with long-lived asset impairments in the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, were realigned into our new reporting segments as follows:

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in thousands)As originally recordedAs recast to reflect segment changes
Segment/Reporting UnitLong-lived Asset ImpairmentsManufactured Products Offshore Projects GroupIMDSTotal
Subsea Products      
Subsea Distribution Solutions U.K.$6,543 $6,543 $— $— $6,543 
Subsea Distribution Solutions Brazil9,834 9,834 9,834 
Subsea Distribution Solutions Angola38,482 38,482 38,482 
Subsea Projects
Shallow Water Vessels3,894 3,894 3,894 
Renewables and Special Projects Group3,628 3,628 3,628 
Global Data Solutions167 167 167 
Advanced Technologies
Oceaneering Entertainment Systems5,065 5,065 5,065 
Oceaneering AGV Systems1,150 1,150 1,150 
Total long-lived asset impairments$68,763 $61,074 $7,522 $167 $68,763 
We did not identify any triggering events in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, and no impairments of long-lived assets were recorded in those periods.

5.    INCOME TAXES

Due to the economic uncertainty presented by COVID-19 and the current volatility in the oil and natural gas markets, we believe using a discrete tax provision within our condensed consolidated statement of operations as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, rather than (as was the previous accounting treatment) recording in additional paid-in capital on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We have also elected to continue our current policy of estimating forfeitures of share-based compensation awards at the time of grant and revising in subsequent periods to reflect actual forfeitures. In our consolidated statement of cash flowsmethod for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016,2020, based on actual earnings for the period, is a more reliable method for providing for income taxes because our annual effective tax rate as calculated under ASC 740-270 is highly sensitive to changes in estimates of total ordinary income (loss). Therefore, we have reclassified two itemsdo not believe a discussion of the annual effective tax rate is meaningful. The tax provision is based on (1) our earnings for the period and other factors affecting the tax provision and (2) the operations of foreign branches and subsidiaries that are subject to conform withlocal income and withholding taxes. Factors that affect our tax rate include our profitability levels in general and the presentation specified under ASU 2016-09: (1)geographic mix in the sources of our results. The effective tax rate for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was different than the federal statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the 2020 enactment of the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), the geographic mix of operating revenue and results, and changes in uncertain tax positions and other discrete items. We continue to make an assertion to indefinitely reinvest the unrepatriated earnings of any foreign subsidiary that would incur incremental tax consequences upon the distribution of such earnings.

In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, we have reclassified the effectrecognized a discrete tax benefit of $42 million, primarily related to a cash tax benefit of $33 million and a non-cash tax benefit of $9.9 million related to the CARES Act. These benefits are classified as an income tax deficiency associated withreceivable and a reduction in long-term liabilities, respectively. To secure these benefits, we filed a 2014 refund claim to carryback our U.S. net operating loss generated in 2019 and amended 2012 and 2013 income tax returns impacted by the net operating loss carryback. Prior to enactment of the CARES Act, such net operating losses could only be carried forward. In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019, we recognized discrete tax expense of $5.1 million, primarily related to share-based compensation and valuation allowances.
We conduct our international operations in jurisdictions that have varying laws and regulations regarding income and other taxes, some of which are subject to interpretation. We recognize the expense or benefit for a tax position if it is more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the tax expense or benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that we believe is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We will continue to monitor this legislation as subsequent actions could postpone, modify or suspend these changes.
Our tax expense for the quarter ending September 30, 2020, was impacted by changes in the corporate income tax and withholding tax laws in Angola enacted during the quarter. The Angola Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Code was amended by Law No. 26/2020, on July 20, 2020 with enforcement beginning on August 20, 2020. Among other
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changes, the new law decreased the corporate income tax rate from financing activities30% to operating activities;25% and (2)increased the withholding tax rate on certain payments made to entities not resident to Angola from 6.5% to 15%.
We have accrued a net total of $12 million and $21 million in other long-term liabilities on our balance sheet for worldwide unrecognized tax liabilities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We account for any applicable interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes on our financial statements. Changes in management's judgment related to those liabilities would affect our effective income tax rate in the periods of change.
Our tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities in multiple jurisdictions. These audits often take years to complete and settle. The following table lists the earliest tax years open to examination by tax authorities where we have reclassified the amounts related to withholdingsignificant operations:
Jurisdiction  Periods
United States2014
United Kingdom2018
Norway2015
Angola2013
Brazil2015

We have ongoing tax payments from operating activities to financing activities. Other thanaudits in various jurisdictions. The outcome of these two cash flow items applied retrospectively, weaudits may have implemented ASU 2016-09 prospectively beginning January 1, 2017.an impact on uncertain tax positions for income tax returns subsequently filed in those jurisdictions.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory." Current U.S. GAAP generally prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. The amendments in this update will eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. Two common examples of assets included within the scope of this update are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment. The exception for an intra-entity transfer of inventory will remain in place. The amendments in this update are effective for us beginning January 1, 2018. We do not anticipate that this update will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

2.    INVENTORY6.    SELECTED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
The following is information regarding our inventory:
(in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Dec 31, 2016
Inventory, net:    
 Remotely operated vehicle parts and components $119,976
 $118,236
 Other inventory, primarily raw materials 125,807
 161,894
 Total $245,783
 $280,130

selected balance sheet accounts:
 

(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Dec 31, 2019
Inventory:
Remotely operated vehicle parts and components$68,957 $76,120 
Other inventory, primarily raw materials79,570 98,624 
Total$148,527 $174,744 
Other current assets:
Prepaid expenses$55,960 $43,210 
Angolan bonds10,179 10,179 
Total$66,139 $53,389 
Accrued liabilities:
Payroll and related costs$120,117 $137,001 
Accrued job costs40,662 54,387 
Income taxes payable33,986 36,996 
Current operating lease liability20,481 19,863 
Other73,882 89,434 
Total$289,128 $337,681 
3.

7.    DEBT
Long-term Debtdebt consisted of the following: 
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 (in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Dec 31, 2016
4.650% Senior Notes due 2024:    
 Principal amount of the notes $500,000
 $500,000
 Issuance costs, net of amortization (4,870) (5,385)
 Fair value of interest rate swaps on $200 million of principal 675
 (1,557)
Term Loan Facility 300,000
 300,000
Revolving Credit Facility 
 
Long-term Debt $795,805
 $793,058
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Dec 31, 2019
4.650% Senior Notes due 2024$500,000 $500,000 
6.000% Senior Notes due 2028300,000 300,000 
Fair value of interest rate swaps on $200 million of principal3,235 
Interest rate swap settlements11,525 — 
Unamortized debt issuance costs(5,894)(6,719)
Long-term debt$805,631 $796,516 


In November 2014, we completed the public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Senior"2024 Senior Notes"). We pay interest on the 2024 Senior Notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on November 15, 2024.


In February 2018, we completed the public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 6.000% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "2028 Senior Notes"). We pay interest on the 2028 Senior Notes on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2028 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on February 1, 2028.

We may redeem some or all of the 2024 Senior Notes and the 2028 Senior Notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes") at specified redemption prices.

In October 2014, we entered into a new credit agreement (as amended, the "Credit Agreement") with a group of banks to replace our prior principal credit agreement.banks. The original Credit Agreement from October 2014 has been amended three times, and it currently providesinitially provided for a $300$500 million term loan (the "Term Loan Facility") and a $500 millionfive-year revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which mature in October 2019 and October 2021, respectively.. Subject to certain conditions, the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be increased by up to $300 million at any time upon agreement between us and existing or additional lenders. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. Simultaneously withThe Credit Agreement also provided for a $300 million term loan, which we repaid in full in February 2018, using net proceeds from the executionissuance of our 2028 Senior Notes referred to above, and cash on hand.

In February 2018, we entered into Agreement and Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement in 2014("Amendment No. 4"). Amendment No. 4 amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to January 25, 2023 with the extending lenders, which represent 90% of the existing commitments of the lenders, such that the total commitments for the Revolving Credit Facility will be $500 million until October 25, 2021, and pursuant to its terms,thereafter $450 million until January 25, 2023. As of September 30, 2020, we repaid all amountshad no borrowings outstanding under and terminated, our prior principal credit agreement.the Revolving Credit Facility.


Borrowings under the Revolving Credit AgreementFacility bear interest at an Adjusted Base Rate or the Eurodollar Rate (both as defined in the Credit Agreement), at our option, plus an applicable margin based on our Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and, at our election, based on the ratings of our senior unsecured debt by designated ratings services, thereafter to be based on such debt ratings. The applicable margin varies: (1) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Adjusted Base Rate, from 0.125% to 0.750% for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and from 0% to 0.500% for borrowings under the Term Loan Facility;; and (2) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Eurodollar Rate, from 1.125% to 1.750% for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and from 1.000% to 1.500% for borrowings under the Term Loan Facility.. The Adjusted Base Rate is the highest of (1) the per annum rate established by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the daily one-month LIBOR plus 1%. We pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.125% to 0.300% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on our Leverage Ratio. The commitment fees are included as interest expense in our consolidated financial statements.


The Credit Agreement contains various covenants that we believe are customary for agreements of this nature, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability and the ability of each of our subsidiaries to incur debt, grant liens, make certain investments, make distributions, merge or consolidate, sell assets and enter into certain restrictive agreements. We are also subject to a maximum adjusted total capitalization ratioCapitalization Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 55%. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and associated remedies. As of September 30, 2017,2020, we were in compliance with all the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement.


We had two interest rate swaps in place relating to a total of $200 million of the 2024 Senior Notes for the period to November 2024. The agreements swapped the fixed interest rate of 4.65% on $100 million of the 2024 Senior Notes to the floating rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one-month LIBOR plus 2.823%. In March 2020, we settled both interest rate swaps with the counterparty for cash proceeds of $13 million. The settlement resulted in a $13 million adjustment to increase our long-term debt balance that will be amortized to
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interest expense prospectively through the maturity date for the 2024 Senior Notes using the effective interest method. As a result, we amortized $0.6 million and $1.3 million to interest expense for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

We incurred $6.9 million and $4.2 million of issuance costs related to the 2024 Senior Notes and $2.2the 2028 Senior Notes, respectively, and $3.0 million of new loan costs, including costs of the Amendments,amendments prior to Amendment No. 4, related to the Credit Agreement. The costs, net of accumulated amortization, are included as a reduction of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as they pertain to the Senior Notes, and in other noncurrent assets, as they pertain to the Credit Agreement. We are amortizing these costs which are included on our balance sheet, net of accumulated amortization, as a reduction of debtto interest expense through the respective maturity dates for the Senior Notes and as an other non-current assetto January 2023 for the Credit Agreement, to interest expense over ten years for the Senior Notes and over six years for the Credit Agreement. Please refer to Note 4 - "Commitments and Contingencies" - for more information on our interest rate swaps.




4.8.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES


Litigation. On June 17, 2014, Peter L. Jacobs, a purported shareholder, filed a derivative complaint against all of the then current members of our board of directors and one of our former directors, as defendants, and our company, as nominal defendant, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. Through the complaint, the plaintiff asserted, on behalf of our company, actions for breach of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment in connection with prior determinations of our board of directors relating to nonexecutive director compensation. The plaintiff sought relief including disgorgement of payments made to the defendants, an award of unspecified damages and an award for attorneys’ fees and other costs.  We and the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and a supporting brief.  Subsequently, the parties to the litigation jointly requested and received a series of extension orders from the Court to extend the time for certain filings.  The last such extension expired on September 16, 2016.  By letter dated August 30, 2017, we received notice from the Office of the Register in Chancery advising the parties that the Court was closing the matter for failure to prosecute or to comply with an order of the Court. 

In the ordinary course of business, we are, from time to time, involved in litigation or subject to actions for damages alleging personal injurydisputes, governmental investigations or claims related to our business activities, including, among other things:

performance- or warranty-related matters under the general maritime laws of the United States, including theour customer and supplier contracts and other business arrangements; and
workers’ compensation claims, Jones Act for alleged negligence. We report actions for personal injury to our insurance carriersclaims, occupational hazard claims, premises liability claims and believe that the settlement or disposition of those claims will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.other claims.


Various other actions and claims are pending against us, most of which are covered by insurance. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, we believe that our ultimate liability, if any, that may result from these other actions and claims will not materially affecthave a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation and other dispute resolution proceedings and, in some cases, the availability and amount of potentially available insurance, we can provide no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding to which we are a party will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows or financial position.for the fiscal period in which that resolution occurs.


Financial Instruments and Risk Concentration. In the normal course of business, we manage risks associated with foreign exchange rates and interest rates through a variety of strategies, including the use of hedging transactions. As a matter of policy, we do not use derivative instruments unless we have an underlying exposure. Other financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.


The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of the underlying instruments. Accounts receivable are generated from a broad group of customers, primarily from within the energy industry, which is our major source of revenue. Due to their short-term nature, carrying values of our accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair market values.

We had borrowingsestimated the aggregate fair market value of $300the Senior Notes to be $571 million as of September 30, 2017 under our Term Loan Facility. Due to2020, based on quoted prices. Since the short-term nature ofmarket for the associated interest rate periods,Senior Notes is not an active market, the carrying value of our debt under the Term Loan Facility approximates its fair value. The fair value of this debtthe Senior Notes is classified aswithin Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP (inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full termterms for the assets or liabilities).


We estimated the fair market value of the Senior Notes to be $499 million as of September 30, 2017, based on quoted prices. Since the market for the Senior Notes is not an active market, the fair value of the Senior Notes is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP.

We have two interest rate swaps in place on a total of $200 million of the Senior Notes for the period to November 2024. The agreements swap the fixed interest rate of 4.650% on $100 million of the Senior Notes to the floating rate of one month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one month LIBOR plus 2.823%. We estimate the combined fair value of the interest rate swaps to be a net asset of $0.7 million as of September 30, 2017, with $0.4 million included on our balance sheet in our other long-term liabilities, and $1.1 million included in non-current assets. These values were arrived at using a discounted cash flow model using Level 2 inputs.

Since the second quarter of 2015, the exchange rate for the Angolan kwanza relative to the U.S. dollar generally has been declining, although the exchange rate was relatively stable during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2017. As our functional currency in Angola and Brazil is the U.S. dollar, we recorded foreign currency transaction gains (losses)losses related to the Angolan kwanza of $0.7 million and $(7.6) million in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively,Brazilian real as a component of Otherother income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for those respective periods. Our foreignOperations. Foreign currency transaction gains or

losses related to the Angolan kwanza of less than $0.1 million and $2.0 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.6 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our Angolan kwanza cash balances to U.S. dollars. ConversionForeign currency losses related to the Brazilian real of $0.7 million and $1.3 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $8.4 million and $1.0 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our Brazilian real liability balances to U.S. dollars.
Any conversion of cash balances from kwanza to U.S. dollars is controlled by the central bank in Angola, and the central bank has slowed this process since mid-2015, causing our kwanza cash balances to subsequently increase.Angola. As of September 30, 2017,2020 and December 31, 2019, we had the equivalent of approximately $26$9.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively, of kwanza cash balances in Angola reflected on our balance sheet.Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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To mitigate our currency exposure risk in Angola, through September 30, 2017, we have used kwanza to purchase $70 million equivalent Angolan central bank (Banco Nacional de Angola) bonds with various maturities throughout 2018 and 2020. Thesebonds. The bonds are denominated as U.S. dollar equivalents, so that, upon payment of semi-annual interest and principal upon maturity, payment is made in kwanza, equivalent to the respective U.S. dollars at the then-current exchange rate. WeAs of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $10 million of Angolan bonds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Because we intend to sell the bonds if we are able to repatriate the proceeds, we have classified these instrumentsbonds as held-to-maturity,available-for-sale securities, and havethey are recorded the original costin other current assets on our balance sheet as other non-current assets. Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We estimated the fair market value of the Angolan bonds to be $68$10 million atas of September 30, 20172020 and December 31, 2019 using quoted market prices. Since the market for the Angolan bonds is not an active market, the fair value of the Angolan bonds is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP.


5.9.    EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE, SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AND SHARE REPURCHASE PLAN
Earnings (Loss) per Share.For each period presented, the only difference between our calculated weighted averageweighted-average basic and diluted number of shares outstanding is the effect of outstanding restricted stock units. In periods where we have a net loss, the effect of our outstanding restricted stock units is anti-dilutive, and therefore does not increase our diluted shares outstanding.
For each period presented, our net income (loss) allocable to both common shareholders and diluted common shareholders is the same as our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations.

Dividends. From the second quarter of 2014 through the third quarter of 2016, we paid a quarterly dividend to our common shareholders of $0.27 per share. Starting in the fourth quarter of 2016 through the third quarter 2017, we paid a dividend of $0.15 per share. Our last quarterly dividend was $0.15 per share and was declared in July 2017 and was paid in September 2017.
Share-Based Compensation. We have no outstanding stock options and, therefore, no share-based compensation to be recognized pursuant to stock option grants.
During 2017, 20162018, 2019 and 2015,through September 30, 2020, we granted restricted units of our common stock to certain of our key executives and employees. During 20172018, 2019 and 2016,2020, our Board of Directors granted restricted common stock to our nonemployee directors. During 2015, our Board of Directors grantedThe restricted units of our common stock to our Chairman and restricted common stock to our other nonemployee directors. The restricted units granted to our key executives and key employees generally vest in full on the third anniversary of the award date, conditional on continued employment. The restricted stock unit grants including those granted to our Chairman, can vest pro rata over three years, provided the individual meets certain age and years-of-service requirements. The shares of restricted common stock we grant to our non-employeenonemployee directors vest in full on the first anniversary of the award date, conditional uponon continued service as a director. Each grantee of shares of restricted stock is deemed to be the record owner of those shares during the restriction period, with the right to vote and receive any dividends on those shares. The restricted stock units outstanding have no voting or dividend rights.
For each of the restricted stock units granted in 20152018 through 2017,September 30, 2020, at the earlier of three years after grant or at termination of employment or service, the grantee will be issued one share of our common stock for each unit vested. As of September 30, 20172020 and December 31, 2016,2019, respective totals of 1,212,3731,987,964 and 1,052,0071,741,335 shares of restricted stock orand restricted stock units were outstanding.
We estimate that share-based compensation cost not yet recognized related to shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units, based on their grant-date fair values, was $15$11 million atas of September 30, 2017.2020. This expense is being recognized on a staged-vestinggraded-vesting basis over three years for awards attributable to individuals meeting certain age and years-of-service requirements, and on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period of one or three years for the other awards.
Share Repurchase Plan. In December 2014, our Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock. Under this plan, in 2015, we had repurchased 2.0 million shares of our common stock for $100 million through December 31, 2016.shares. We did not repurchasehave 0t repurchased any shares under thethis plan during the nine-month

period ended September 30, 2017.since 2015. We account for the shares we hold in treasury under the cost method, at average cost.



6.    INCOME TAXES

During interim periods, we provide for income taxes based on our current estimated annual effective tax rate using assumptions as to (1) earnings and other factors that would affect the tax provision for the remainder of the year and (2) the operations of foreign branches and subsidiaries that are subject to local income and withholding taxes. In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, we recognized additional tax expense of $4.5 million from discrete items, which included a $1.4 million tax reserve for uncertain income tax positions related to foreign entity tax filings of prior years and $2.9 million as a result of our implementation of ASU 2016-09, "Compensation – Stock Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies on share-based compensation awards are now included in our tax provision within our condensed consolidated statement of operations as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, rather than (as was the previous accounting treatment) recording in additional paid-in capital on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 1 for further discussion of ASU 2016-09.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was different than the federal statutory rate of 35.0%, primarily due to the geographic mix of tax jurisdictions in which we generated our earnings and losses and non-deductible expenses. It is our intention to continue to indefinitely reinvest in certain of our international operations.  We do not believe the effective tax rate before discrete items is meaningful, as the rate is less significant at a low pretax income or a pretax loss position. The effective tax rate, before discrete items, of 31.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was lower than the federal statutory rate of 35.0%, primarily due to our intention to indefinitely reinvest in certain of our international operations.  We do not provide for U.S. taxes on the portion of our foreign earnings we indefinitely reinvest. 
We conduct our international operations in a number of locations that have varying laws and regulations with regard to income and other taxes, some of which are subject to interpretation. We recognize the benefit for a tax position if the benefit is more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that we believe is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We do not believe that the total of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months.
We account for any applicable interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes on our financial statements. Including associated foreign tax credits and penalties and interest, we have accrued a net total of $6.6 million in Other Long-term Liabilities on our balance sheet for unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2017. All additions or reductions to those liabilities would affect our effective income tax rate in the periods of change.

Our tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities in multiple jurisdictions. These audits often take years to complete and settle. The following lists the earliest tax years open to examination by tax authorities where we have significant operations:
Jurisdiction                                 Periods
United States2014
United Kingdom2013
Norway2007
Angola2013
Brazil2011
Australia2013


7.10.    BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION


We are a global oilfield provider of engineered services and products, primarily to the offshore oil and gas industry, with a focus on deepwater applications.energy industry. Through the use of our applied technology expertise, we also serve the defense, aerospace and commercial theme park industries.

In the third quarter of 2020, we changed our organizational structure as part of the transformation to realign our businesses to achieve greater cost efficiencies. As a result, information that our chief operating decision maker
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regularly reviews changed. Therefore, beginning with results for the three months ended September 30, 2020, we are reporting our financial results consistent with our newly realigned operating segments and have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage our businesses and monitor segment performance. Our Oilfieldnew structure aligns our company around five reportable segments: (1) Subsea Robotics; (2) Manufactured Products; (3) Offshore Projects Group; (4) Integrity Management & Digital Solutions; and (5) Aerospace and Defense Technologies.

Our Energy Services and Products business leverages our asset base and capabilities for providing services and products for offshore energy operations, inclusive of the offshore renewable energy market. Our Energy Services and Products segments are:

Subsea RoboticsOur Subsea Robotics segment consists of Remotely Operated Vehicles ("ROVs"), Subsea Products, Subsea Projects and Asset Integrity. Ourour prior ROV segment, provides submersible vehicles operated from the surface to support offshore oil and gas exploration, development, production and decommissioning activities. Our Subsea Products segment supplies a variety of specialty subsea hardware and related services. To improve operational efficiency, we have reorganizedplus ROV tooling (previously in our Subsea Products segment) and survey services (previously in our Subsea Projects segment). Our Subsea Robotics segment into two business units: (1) manufactured products;provides the following:

ROVs for drilling support and (2) servicevessel-based services, including subsea hardware installation, construction, pipeline inspection, survey and rental. facilities inspection, maintenance and repair;
ROV tooling; and
survey services, including hydrographic survey and positioning services and autonomous underwater vehicles for geoscience.

Manufactured products includeProductsOur Manufactured Products segment consists of our prior Manufactured Products Business unit (previously in our Subsea Products segment) plus commercial theme park entertainment systems and automated guided vehicle technology (previously in our Advanced Technologies segment). Our Manufactured Products segment provides the following:

distribution and connection systems including production control umbilicals and specialtyfield development hardware and pipeline connection and repair systems to the energy industry; and
automated guided vehicle technology and entertainment systems to a variety of industries.

Offshore Projects GroupOur Offshore Projects Group segment consists of our prior Subsea Projects segment less survey services, maritime shipping and global data solutions (“GDS”) plus our Service and Rental business unit (previously in our Subsea Products segment). Our Offshore Projects Group segment provides the following:

project management, subsea hardware, while serviceinstallation and rental includes tooling, subsea work systemsintervention, inspection, maintenance and repair services, principally in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola, utilizing owned and charter vessels;
riserless light well intervention services;
installation and workover control systems. This internal reorganization did not affect oursystems; and
seabed preparation, route clearance and trenching services for submarine cables for the renewable energy markets.

Integrity Management & Digital Solutions ("IMDS")Our IMDS segment reporting structure or the historical comparabilityconsists of our segment results. Our Subsea Projects segment provides multiservice subsea support vessels and oilfield diving and support vessel operations, primarily for inspection, maintenance and repair and installation activities. Since April 2015, we have also provided survey, autonomous underwater vehicle ("AUV") and satellite-positioning services. Ourprior Asset Integrity segment plus maritime shipping and GDS (previously in our Subsea Projects segment). Our IMDS segment provides inspection and assessment services, nondestructive testing and the following:

asset integrity management. management services;
software and analytical solutions for the bulk cargo maritime industry; and
software, digital and connectivity solutions for the energy industry.

Our Aerospace and Defense Technologies ("ADTech") segment consists of our prior Government business unit (previously in our Advanced Technologies businesssegment). Our ADTech segment provides project management, engineering services and equipment for applicationsproducts include engineering and related manufacturing in non-oilfield markets. defense and space exploration activities, principally to U.S. Government agencies and their prime contractors.

Unallocated Expenses are those not associated with a specific business segment. These consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock and bonuses, as well as other general expenses, including corporate administrative expenses.
There are no differences in the basis
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Table of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss from those used in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.Contents


The following table that follows presents Revenue, Income (Loss)revenue, income (loss) from Operationsoperations and Depreciationdepreciation and Amortizationamortization expense by business segment for each of the periods indicated.
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *Jun 30, 2020 *Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *
Revenue
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$119,617 $151,492 $119,234 $378,621 $432,548 
Manufactured Products110,416 114,487 100,570 377,520 334,488 
Offshore Projects Group73,212 89,115 73,840 221,306 289,193 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions53,933 65,332 53,969 172,631 198,057 
Total Energy Services and Products357,178 420,426 347,613 1,150,078 1,254,286 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies82,565 77,221 79,603 253,549 233,028 
Total$439,743 $497,647 $427,216 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 
Income (Loss) from Operations
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$2,127 $15,457 $11,662 $(80,294)$33,277 
Manufactured Products(38,198)(2,158)3,865 (100,471)1,070 
Offshore Projects Group(12,282)(34)(4,135)(95,740)(2,792)
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions793 (1,721)(1,825)(122,567)(3,669)
Total Energy Services and Products(47,560)11,544 9,567 (399,072)27,886 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies13,097 11,709 13,430 39,498 30,214 
Unallocated Expenses(26,157)(28,447)(28,179)(86,985)(94,643)
Total$(60,620)$(5,194)$(5,182)$(446,559)$(36,543)
Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$25,144 $31,090 $25,080 $189,411 $95,917 
Manufactured Products44,028 4,920 3,587 63,579 14,953 
Offshore Projects Group15,147 10,610 8,255 98,309 30,758 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions866 2,087 757 125,966 6,170 
Total Energy Services and Products85,185 48,707 37,679 477,265 147,798 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies654 640 658 1,999 1,998 
Unallocated Expenses1,712 1,220 361 3,181 3,561 
Total$87,551 $50,567 $38,698 $482,445 $153,357 
* Recast to reflect segment changes.
  Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Revenue          
Oilfield          
Remotely Operated Vehicles $104,617
 $126,507
 $103,432
 $302,071
 $413,769
Subsea Products 143,583
 157,269
 174,893
 469,115
 542,978
Subsea Projects 80,116
 110,799
 75,545
 218,617
 378,883
Asset Integrity 61,098
 71,995
 58,192
 171,948
 215,459
Total Oilfield 389,414
 466,570
 412,062
 1,161,751
 1,551,089
Advanced Technologies 86,706
 82,705
 102,974
 275,581
 232,069
Total $476,120
 $549,275
 $515,036
 $1,437,332
 $1,783,158
Income (Loss) from Operations          
Oilfield          
Remotely Operated Vehicles $5,009
 $(23,845) $10,376
 $21,310
 $21,162
Subsea Products 12,383
 6,109
 10,552
 34,418
 71,870
Subsea Projects 6,512
 15,029
 3,000
 9,699
 32,055
Asset Integrity 3,050
 4,725
 3,755
 9,072
 4,354
Total Oilfield 26,954
 2,018
 27,683
 74,499
 129,441
Advanced Technologies 6,602
 4,357
 7,632
 19,260
 10,478
Unallocated Expenses (23,025) (18,231) (25,925) (73,988) (65,296)
Total $10,531
 $(11,856) $9,390
 $19,771
 $74,623
Depreciation and Amortization          
Oilfield          
Remotely Operated Vehicles $28,269
 $43,705
 $29,036
 $86,534
 $111,415
Subsea Products 13,340
 14,205
 12,785
 39,124
 39,964
Subsea Projects 7,881
 8,575
 7,781
 23,742
 25,447
Asset Integrity 2,139
 5,980
 1,780
 5,379
 11,736
Total Oilfield 51,629
 72,465
 51,382
 154,779
 188,562
Advanced Technologies 796
 789
 784
 2,377
 2,329
Unallocated Expenses 1,088
 946
 1,138
 3,324
 3,069
Total $53,513
 $74,200
 $53,304
 $160,480
 $193,960

We determine income (loss)Income (Loss) from operationsOperations for each business segment before interest income or expense, other income (expense) and provision for income taxes. We do not consider an allocation of these items to be practical. Our equity in earnings (losses)
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Table of unconsolidated affiliates is partContents
Income (Loss) from Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020—During the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, we recorded adjustments attributable to each of our Subsea Projects segment.reporting segments as follows:

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Subsea RoboticsManufactured ProductsOffshore Projects GroupIMDSADTechUnallocated ExpensesTotal
Adjustments for the effects of:
Long-lived assets write-offs$— $— $7,243 $— $— $— $7,243 
Inventory write-downs7,038 — — — — — 7,038 
Goodwill impairment— 40,875 — — — — 40,875 
Other2,535 2,559 5,326 83 545 — 11,048 
Total of adjustments$9,573 $43,434 $12,569 $83 $545 $— $66,204 



Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020—During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, we recorded adjustments attributable to each of our reporting segments as follows:
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Subsea RoboticsManufactured ProductsOffshore Projects GroupIMDSADTechUnallocated ExpensesTotal
Adjustments for the effects of:
Long-lived assets impairments$— $61,074 $7,522 $167 $— $— $68,763 
Long-lived assets write-offs7,328 — 7,243 — — — 14,571 
Inventory write-downs7,038 — — — — — 7,038 
Goodwill impairment102,118 52,263 66,285 123,214 — — 343,880 
Other4,834 5,755 7,947 3,850 545 455 23,386 
Total of adjustments$121,318 $119,092 $88,997 $127,231 $545 $455 $457,638 

Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment
Depreciation expense on property and equipment, reflected in Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment in the table above, was $36 million, $47 million and $38 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and $117 million and $145 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Amortization expense on long-lived intangible assets, reflected in Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment in the table above, was $3.5 million, $3.2 million and $0.8 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and $6.9 million and $8.8 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Goodwill impairment expense, reflected in Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment in the table above, was $41 million and $344 million, in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively. For further information regarding goodwill impairment expense, see Note 4–"Impairments."
Long-lived assets write-offs, reflected in Depreciation and Amortization, including Goodwill Impairment in the table above, was $7.2 million and $15 million, in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively. For further information regarding our long-lived assets write-offs, see Note 4–"Impairments."
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Assets, Property and Equipment, Net and Goodwill
The following table presents Assets, Property and Equipment, Net and Goodwill by business segment:
 
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Dec 31, 2019 *
Assets
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$513,048 $765,015 
Manufactured Products450,201 607,674 
Offshore Projects Group363,366 504,139 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions84,716 236,137 
Total Energy Services and Products1,411,331 2,112,965 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies119,153 138,772 
Corporate and Other507,216 488,926 
Total$2,037,700 $2,740,663 
Property and Equipment, Net
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$262,747 $336,038 
Manufactured Products95,157 151,259 
Offshore Projects Group218,900 255,425 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions11,917 13,403 
Total Energy Services and Products588,721 756,125 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies8,083 9,574 
Corporate and Other12,622 10,833 
Total$609,426 $776,532 
Goodwill
Energy Services and Products
Subsea Robotics$24,105 $129,402 
Manufactured Products— 52,828 
Offshore Projects Group— 73,352 
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions— 139,043 
Total Energy Services and Products24,105 394,625 
Aerospace and Defense Technologies10,454 10,454 
Total$34,559 $405,079 
* Recast to reflect segment changes.

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Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Certain statements we make in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations about:
the impacts of COVID-19 on the U.S. and the global economy, as well as on our business;
our fourth quarter and the full year of 20172020 operating results and earnings per share, and the contributions from our segments to those results, (including anticipated revenue, operating income and utilization information), as well as the items belowamount of Unallocated Expenses for the fourth quarter;
our expectation of CARES Act and other tax refunds;
our cash tax payments and projected capital expenditures for 2020;
free cash flow, which we define as net cash provided by operating income line;activities less cash paid for purchases of property and equipment, in 2020 and in future periods;
our earnings and cash flows in 2018;
future demand, order intake and business activity levels;
the impacttiming for the commencement of work on our retained earnings as a result of the implementation of ASC 2014-09 on January 1, 2018;Angola light well intervention project;
our plans for future operations (including planned additions to and retirements from our remotely operated vehicle ("ROV") fleet, our intent regarding the new multiservice subsea support vessel scheduled for delivery at the end of December 2017 and to be placed into service during the first quarter of 2018, and other capital expenditures);
our future cash flows;
our future dividends;
the adequacy of our liquidity, cash flows and capital resources;
our expectations regarding shares to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan;
our assumptions that could affect our estimated tax rate;
the implementation of new accounting standards and related policies, procedures and controls;
seasonality; and
industry conditions.


These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those we have referred to under the headings "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" in Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, because of the inherent limitations in the forecasting process, as well as the relatively volatile nature of the industries in which we operate, we can give no assurance that those expectations will prove to have been correct. Accordingly, evaluation of our future prospects must be made with caution when relying on forward-looking information.


The following discussion should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019.


Executive OverviewRecent Developments Affecting Industry Conditions and Our Business

The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which the World Health Organization declared a pandemic and the U.S. Government declared a national emergency in March 2020, has reached more than 200 countries and has continued to be a rapidly evolving situation. The pandemic has resulted in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy and financial markets, and on our employees, customers, suppliers and other parties with whom we have business relations. We have experienced some resulting disruptions to our business operations, as the pandemic has continued to spread through most of our markets. For example, since mid-March, we have had to restrict access to our administrative offices around the world and quarantine personnel and assets as required by various governmental authorities and our own safety protocols.

Our first priority in our response to this crisis has been the health and safety of our employees and those of our customers and other business counterparties. We have implemented preventative measures and developed corporate and regional response plans to minimize unnecessary risk of exposure and prevent infection, while supporting our customers’ global operations to the best of our ability in the circumstances. Our preventative measures and response plans were developed based on guidance received from the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International SOS and our corporate medical advisor. We have modified certain business and workforce practices (including those related to employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences) and implemented new protocols to promote social distancing and enhance sanitary measures in our offices and facilities to conform to government restrictions and best practices encouraged by governmental and regulatory authorities.

There is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to spread and the extent and duration of governmental and other measures implemented to try to slow the spread of the virus, such as large-scale travel bans and restrictions, border closures, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and business and government shutdowns. Restrictions of this nature have caused, and may continue to cause, us, our suppliers and
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other business counterparties to experience operational delays, delays in the delivery of materials and supplies that are sourced from around the globe, and have caused, and may continue to cause, milestones or deadlines relating to various projects to be missed.

We have also received various notices from some of our suppliers and other business counterparties, and provided notices to several customers, regarding performance delays resulting from the pandemic. These actions may result in some disputes and could strain our relations with customers and others. If and to the extent these actions were to result in material modifications or cancellations of the underlying contracts, we could experience reductions in our currently reported backlog and in the anticipated conversion of backlog into revenue in future periods. In addition, worsening economic conditions could result in reductions in backlog over time, which would impact our future financial performance.

One of the impacts of the pandemic has been a significant reduction in global demand for oil and natural gas. For example, according to industry reports, global demand for oil dropped precipitously by approximately 14 million barrels per day during the first quarter of 2020. This significant decline in demand was met with a sharp decline in oil prices following the announcement of price reductions and production increases in March 2020 by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC"), and other foreign, oil-exporting countries. The resulting supply/demand imbalance has had, and is continuing to have, disruptive impacts on the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry and on other industries that serve exploration and production companies. OPEC and other foreign, oil-producing countries implemented production cuts during the second quarter and, though somewhat eased in August, extended the production cuts in the third quarter, in an effort to address the supply/demand imbalance. As a result, crude oil prices improved somewhat. However, as estimated by the International Energy Agency, global crude oil demand for the full year of 2020 was approximately 8.4 million barrels per day lower than for 2019. Recent increases in COVID-19 cases, or a so-called “second wave,” in various regions around the world and the resulting governmental and other restrictions imposed in response to those increases, have resulted in more volatility and less predictability in industry conditions. These conditions have led to significant global economic contraction generally and in our industry in particular.

We expect to see continued volatility in oil and natural gas prices for the foreseeable future, which could, over the long term, adversely impact our business. A significant decline in exploration and development activities and related spending by our customers, whether due to decreases in demand or prices for oil and natural gas or otherwise, would have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

As of the date of this report, our efforts to respond to the challenges presented by the conditions described above and minimize the impacts to our business have yielded results as we have largely been able to maintain operational continuity on a worldwide basis. Our manufacturing, services operations, and other operating facilities have remained operational and our vessels have continued to perform. We have moved quickly to reduce costs, increase operational efficiencies and lower our capital spending. In addition, as of September 30, 2020, we had $359 million of cash on our balance sheet and our $500 million revolving credit facility was undrawn and remains available to support our operations. We have not required any funding under any COVID-19-related, U.S. federal or other governmental programs to support our operations, and we do not expect to have to utilize any such funding. We have experienced some increased absenteeism in our hourly workforce, but, so far, we have not experienced any resulting problems that we have not been able to manage. We are continuing to address concerns to protect the health and safety of our employees and those of our customers and other business counterparties, and this includes changes to comply with health-related guidelines as they are modified and supplemented.

We cannot predict the full impact that COVID-19 or the significant disruption and volatility currently being experienced in the oil and natural gas markets will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time, due to numerous uncertainties. The ultimate impacts will depend on future developments beyond our control, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, among others, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the consequences of governmental and other measures designed to prevent the spread of the virus, the development of safe and effective treatments and vaccines, the duration of the outbreak, actions taken by members of OPEC and other foreign oil-exporting countries, governmental authorities, customers, suppliers and other thirds parties, workforce availability, and the timing and extent to which normal economic and operating conditions resume.

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Realignment of Reportable Segments

As described in Note 10, "Business Segment Information,” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, in the third quarter of 2020, we changed our organizational structure as part of the transformation to realign our businesses to achieve greater cost efficiencies. As a result, information that our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance changed. Therefore, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we are reporting our financial results consistent with our newly realigned operating segments and have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage our businesses and monitor segment performance. Our new structure aligns our company around five reportable segments: (1) Subsea Robotics; (2) Manufactured Products; (3) Offshore Projects Group; (4) Integrity Management & Digital Solutions; and (5) Aerospace and Defense Technologies.

Overview of our Results and Guidance

Our diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 20172020 were $(0.02)$(0.80) and $(0.07)$(4.76), respectively, as compared to $(0.12)$(0.26) and $0.36, respectively,$(0.87) for the corresponding periods of the prior year. Taking into accountConsidering the uncertainties surrounding crude oil markets and the COVID-19 pandemic, we were encouraged by our operating results throughadjusted for asset impairments, write-offs and other charges. These results were partially attributable to our actions to substantially reduce structural costs in light of an expected continuation of lower demand for our services and products.
Adjusted operating income improved as compared to the second quarter of 2020, as efficiency gains from our cost-out efforts are meaningfully enhancing our bottom-line results. Sequentially, the adjusted operating results for each of our segments, except Subsea Robotics, improved as compared to the second quarter of 2020. Each operating segment reported positive adjusted operating income. Our cash position of $359 million as of September 30, 20172020 increased by $25.3 million from June 30, 2020, largely driven by positive contributions from operations and working capital, and ongoing capital conservation.

Looking forward, we believe our fourth quarter 2020 results will decline sequentially with the onset of lower seasonal offshore activity and customer budget exhaustion negatively affecting our energy businesses. Sequentially, we are projecting lower operating results in each of our segments, except Manufactured Products. That segment is expected to recognize higher revenue and operating results as a result of percentage-of-completion revenue and operating income recognition on certain projects. Unallocated Expenses are expected to approximate $30 million.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") was signed into law in the U.S. In accordance with the recently established rules and procedures under the CARES Act, we filed a 2014 refund claim to carryback our U.S. net operating loss generated in 2019 and amended 2012 and 2013 income tax returns impacted by the net operating loss carryback. As a result, we expect to receive combined refunds of approximately $33 million. These refunds are classified as accounts receivable, net, in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020. We also realized a non-cash tax benefit of $9.9 million due to the carryback provision of the CARES Act recognized as a reduction in long-term liabilities. Prior to enactment of the CARES Act, such net operating losses could only be carried forward. As a result of these actions and other factors, any discussion of an estimated effective tax rate would not be meaningful.
We affirm our guidance for cash tax payments for the full year of 2020 to be in the range of $30 million to $35 million, primarily due to taxes incurred in countries that impose tax on the basis of in-country revenue, without regard to the profitability of such operations, and our outlookCARES Act and other refunds to be in the range of $16 million to $34 million.
We are narrowing our guidance range for capital expenditures to $50 million to $60 million. We continue to expect to generate positive free cash flow for the remainderfull year of 2017,2020 and expect the fourth quarter of 2020 to benefit from the aforementioned tax refunds and positive working capital changes.

Results of Operations

We operate in five business segments. The segments are contained within two businesses — services and products provided primarily to the offshore energy industry ("Energy Services and Products") and services and products provided to non-energy industries ("Aerospace and Defense Technologies"). Our Unallocated Expenses are those not associated with a specific business segment.
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Consolidated revenue and profitability information are as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019Jun 30, 2020Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Revenue$439,743 $497,647 $427,216 $1,403,627 $1,487,314 
Gross Margin29,651 49,061 42,537 118,940 118,631 
Gross Margin %%10 %10 %%%
Operating Income (Loss)(60,620)(5,194)(5,182)(446,559)(36,543)
Operating Income (Loss) %(14)%(1)%(1)%(32)%(2)%

We generate a material amount of our consolidated revenue from contracts for services in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in our Offshore Projects Group segment, which is usually more active in the second and third quarters, as compared to the rest of the year. The European operations of our Integrity Management & Digital Solutions segment are also seasonally more active in the second and third quarters. Revenue in our Subsea Robotics segment is subject to seasonal variations in demand, with our first quarter generally being the low quarter of the year. The level of our Subsea Robotics seasonality depends on the number of Remotely Operated Vehicles ("ROVs") we have engaged in vessel-based subsea infrastructure inspection, maintenance, repair and installation, which is more seasonal than drilling support. Revenue in each of our Manufactured Products and Aerospace and Defense Technologies segments generally has not been seasonal.

We had operating losses of $60.6 million, $5.2 million and $5.2 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020, September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and $447 million and $37 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Included in our operating losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were charges of $458 million primarily due to market conditions requiring impairment of certain of our assets along with other costs we recognized as we adapted our geographic footprint and staffing levels to the conditions of the markets we serve. Charges included in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are summarized as follows:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Subsea RoboticsManufactured ProductsOffshore Projects GroupIntegrity Management & Digital SolutionsAerospace and Defense TechnologiesUnallocated ExpensesTotal
Charges for the effects of:
Long-lived assets impairments$— $61,074 $7,522 $167 $— $— $68,763 
Long-lived assets write-offs7,328 — 7,243 — — — 14,571 
Inventory write-downs7,038 — — — 7,038 
Goodwill impairment102,118 52,263 66,285 123,214 — — 343,880 
Other4,834 5,755 7,947 3,850 545 455 23,386 
Total charges$121,318 $119,092 $88,997 $127,231 $545 $455 $457,638 

Energy Services and Products

The primary focus of our Energy Services and Products business over the last several years has been toward leveraging our asset base and capabilities for providing services and products for offshore energy operations, inclusive of the offshore renewable energy market.

The following table sets forth the revenue, gross margin and operating income (loss) for our Energy Services and Products business segments for the periods indicated. In the Subsea Robotics section of the table that follows, "ROV days available" includes all days from the first day that an ROV is placed into service until the ROV is retired. All days during this period are considered available days, including periods when an ROV is undergoing maintenance or repairs. Our ROVs do not have scheduled maintenance or repair that requires significant time when the ROVs are not available for utilization.
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Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *Jun 30, 2020 *Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *
Subsea Robotics
Revenue$119,617 $151,492 $119,234 $378,621 $432,548 
Gross Margin13,378 26,783 21,324 54,175 65,829 
Operating Income (Loss)2,127 15,457 11,662 (80,294)33,277 
Operating Income (Loss) %%10 %10 %(21)%%
ROV Days Available23,000 25,392 22,750 68,500 74,904 
ROV Days Utilized13,601 15,146 13,501 41,955 43,511 
ROV Utilization59 %60 %59 %61 %58 %
             
Manufactured Products
Revenue110,416 114,487 100,570 377,520 334,488 
Gross Margin11,242 9,145 13,679 42,870 32,076 
Operating Income (Loss)(38,198)(2,158)3,865 (100,471)1,070 
Operating Income (Loss) %(35)%(2)%%(27)%— %
Backlog at End of Period318,000 582,000 380,000 318,000 582,000 
Offshore Projects Group
Revenue73,212 89,115 73,840 221,306 289,193 
Gross Margin(1,633)8,337 3,170 3,632 20,163 
Operating Income (Loss)(12,282)(34)(4,135)(95,740)(2,792)
Operating Income (Loss) %(17)%— %(6)%(43)%(1)%
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions
Revenue53,933 65,332 53,969 172,631 198,057 
Gross Margin7,129 6,612 5,455 22,376 21,494 
Operating Income (Loss)793 (1,721)(1,825)(122,567)(3,669)
Operating Income (Loss) %%(3)%(3)%(71)%(2)%
Total Energy Services and Products
Revenue$357,178 $420,426 $347,613 $1,150,078 $1,254,286 
Gross Margin30,116 50,877 43,628 123,053 139,562 
Operating Income (Loss)(47,560)11,544 9,567 (399,072)27,886 
Operating Income (Loss) %(13)%%%(35)%%
* Recast to reflect segment changes.

In general, our Energy Services and Products business focuses on supplying services and products to the offshore energy industry. Since the downturn in oil prices in mid-2014, we have experienced lower activity levels and reduced pricing. In 2019, oil prices stabilized, resulting in increased demand and higher utilization for our energy-related businesses, with slightly improved pricing through the first quarter of 2020. The adverse impacts of COVID-19 and the resulting supply and demand imbalance along with lower crude oil prices are resulting in lower levels of activity and profitability. As we expect a recovery will take time to restore profitability and generate satisfactory returns, we have been reviewing our operating model’s cost structure and aggressively implementing cost reductions.

Subsea Robotics. Our Subsea Robotics segment consists of our ROV, survey services and tooling businesses, merging our underwater robotics and automation capabilities with our subsea delivery systems. Our Subsea
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Robotics segment consists of our prior ROV segment, and ROV tooling (previously in our Subsea Products segment) and survey services (previously in our Subsea Projects segment).
We believe we are the world's largest provider of ROV services and, generally, this business segment has been the largest contributor to our Energy Services and Products business operating income. Our Subsea Robotics segment revenue reflects the utilization percentages, fleet sizes and average pricing in the respective periods. Our survey services business provides survey and positioning, and geoscience services. The following table presents revenue from ROV as a percentage of total Subsea Robotics revenue:

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *Jun 30, 2020 *Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *
ROV83 %75 %83 %82 %77 %
 
Other17 %25 %17 %18 %23 %
* Recast to reflect segment changes.

During the third quarter of 2020, Subsea Robotics operating income decreased as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, primarily due to charges of $9.6 million for write-downs of inventory and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Subsea Robotics operating income decreased as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, on flat revenue, primarily due to lower contributions from our tooling and survey operations. Subsea Robotics operating income for the third quarter of 2020 decreased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, as a result of fewer ROV days on hire and lower average revenue per day on hire, mostly offset by lower costs per day on hire, as well as the $9.6 million of charges mentioned above. Subsea Robotics operating income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 decreased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, primarily due to charges of $121 million for goodwill impairment, write-downs and write-offs of certain intangibles and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Subsea Robotics operating income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 increased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year due to lower ROV costs per day and improved execution and results for survey services, partially offset by fewer ROV days on hire and a lower average revenue per day on hire.

Our ROV fleet utilization was 59% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 60% for the corresponding period of the prior year. Fleet utilization increased to 61% from 58% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. We added two new ROVs to our fleet during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and retired two, resulting in a total of 250 ROVs in our ROV fleet as of September 30, 2020, as compared to 276 ROVs in our ROV fleet as of September 30, 2019.

Manufactured Products. Our Manufactured Products segment consists of our manufactured products business (previously in our Subsea Products segment), and theme park entertainment systems and automated guided vehicles (“AGV”) (previously in our Advanced Technologies segment).

Our Manufactured Products segment includes distribution systems such as production control umbilicals and connection systems made up of specialty subsea hardware, and provides turnkey solutions that include program management, engineering design, fabrication/assembly and installation to the commercial theme park industry and mobile robotics solutions, including AGV technology to a variety of industries.

Our Manufactured Products operating results in the third quarter of 2020 were lower than those of the immediately preceding quarter, due to charges of $43 million for goodwill impairment and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Manufactured Products adjusted operating income during the third quarter 2020, was up slightly as compared to the second quarter 2020 on a 10% increase in revenue. Much of the revenue increase was attributed to percentage-of-completion revenue recognition on certain lower-margin project components in our 2017 dilutedumbilical manufacturing operations. During the third quarter, COVID-19 had limited impact on the energy manufacturing operations, but continued to adversely affect manufacturing timing in our non-energy entertainment operations. Manufactured Products operating income for the third quarter of 2020 decreased, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, as a result of the charges mentioned above. Manufactured Products operating income for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 decreased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year primarily due to charges of $119 million for asset and goodwill impairments, and other expenses. Exclusive of charges, Manufactured Products adjusted operating income for the nine-month
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period ended September 30, 2020 increased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year primarily due to an increase in volume and improved profitability in our umbilical and hardware related operations.

Our Manufactured Products backlog was $318 million as of September 30, 2020 compared to $557 million as of December 31, 2019. The backlog decrease was attributable to reduced levels of bookings in 2020 in both our energy-related and non-energy related operations. Many of our energy-related Manufactured Products customers have delayed investment decisions due to low oil demand and pricing, while many of our non-energy related customers have delayed investment decisions due to uncertainties regarding COVID-19 and the related potential operating risks. The higher throughput and lower order intake resulted in a 44% revenue replacement in the third quarter of 2020. Our book-to-bill ratio for the trailing 12 months was 0.5.

Offshore Projects Group ("OPG"). Our OPG segment provides a broad portfolio of integrated subsea project capabilities and solutions, including project management, vessels, offshore services, route clearance and trenching, well intervention, and installation workover control systems. Our OPG segment consists of (1) our prior Subsea Projects segment, less survey services and global data solutions, and (2) our service and rental business, less ROV tooling (previously in our Subsea Products segment). This combination brings together business units that frequently work together and promotes increased efficiency in bidding, project management, and the use of offshore technicians.

Our OPG operating results were lower in the third quarter of 2020, as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, due to charges of $13 million for asset write-offs and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, our OPG operating results improved in the third quarter of 2020, as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, on flat revenue. Call-out work during the third quarter was relatively consistent with the second quarter of 2020, with the improved operating results benefiting from the cost-outs and operating synergies implemented in connection with our new operating model. The impacts of COVID-19 continue to delay the Angola light well intervention project, but we are optimistic that this work will begin to move forward either late in the fourth quarter 2020 or early in the first quarter 2021. Our OPG operating results were lower in the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, due to charges mentioned above. Our OPG operating results were lower in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, on lower revenue combined with charges in the first and third quarters of 2020 of $89 million for asset impairments and write-offs, goodwill impairment, and other charges. Exclusive of those charges, our OPG operating results were lower in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, due to reduced activity levels in the areas of inspection, maintenance and repair and intervention services.

Integrity Management & Digital Solutions ("IMDS"). Our IMDS segment combines asset inspection and integrity capabilities with the data services and products from our global data solutions (“GDS”) business and maritime shipping businesses, which provides essential asset and transportation data required by customers to make informed, value‐adding decisions. Our IMDS segment consists of our prior Asset Integrity segment plus maritime shipping and our GDS business (previously in our Subsea Projects segment). The inclusion of GDS in this segment facilitates optimized digital and software solutions to our integrity management services.

Our IMDS operating results for the third quarter of 2020 improved, as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, on flat revenue, improved execution, and without the effect of non-recurring costs on certain completed projects that negatively affected second quarter 2020 operating results.IMDS' operating results for the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, were higher on significantly lower revenue, offset by cost reductions. IMDS operating results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, were lower primarily due to charges in the first quarter of 2020 of $127 million for goodwill impairment and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, operating results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 were higher, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, due to cost reductions instituted in the fourth quarter of 2019 and in the first three quarters of 2020.

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Aerospace and Defense Technologies ("ADTech"). Our ADTech segment consists of our government business (previously in our Advanced Technologies segment), focused on defense subsea technologies, marine services, and space systems.

Revenue, gross margin and operating income (loss) information for our ADTech segment are as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *Jun 30, 2020 *Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019 *
Revenue$82,565 $77,221 $79,603 $253,549 $233,028 
Gross Margin16,668 15,960 17,313 51,466 43,234 
Operating Income (Loss)13,097 11,709 13,430 39,498 30,214 
Operating Income (Loss) %16 %15 %17 %16 %13 %
* Recast to reflect segment changes.

Our ADTech segment operating results for the third quarter of 2020 were slightly lower, as compared to the immediately preceding quarter, on slightly higher revenue. ADTech operating results for the three-month period ended September 30, 2020 were higher, when compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, as a result of improved margins. ADTech operating results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 were higher, when compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, on higher levels of revenue due to increased activity in both defense subsea technologies and space systems.

Unallocated Expenses
Our Unallocated Expenses (i.e., those not associated with a specific business segment) within gross margin consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock units, performance units and bonuses, as well as other general expenses. Our Unallocated Expenses within operating expense consist of those expenses within gross margin plus general and administrative expenses related to corporate functions.

The following table sets forth our Unallocated Expenses for the periods indicated:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019Jun 30, 2020Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Gross margin expenses$(17,133)$(17,776)(18,404)$(55,579)$(64,165)
% of revenue%%%%%
Operating expenses(26,157)(28,447)(28,179)(86,985)(94,643)
Operating expenses % of revenue%%%%%

Our Unallocated Expenses for the third quarter of 2020 were lower as compared to the immediately preceding quarter and the corresponding period of the prior year, due to reduced accruals for incentive-based compensation. Our Unallocated Expenses for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020 were lower, as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, also primarily as a result of reduced accruals for incentive-based compensation.

Other

The following table sets forth our significant financial statement items below the income (loss) from operations line.
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019Jun 30, 2020Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Interest income$414 $2,089 $511 $2,202 $6,541 
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized(9,250)(11,382)(11,611)(33,323)(31,005)
Equity in income (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates131 554 674 2,002 390 
Other income (expense), net(2,836)(3,660)(3,660)(13,624)(2,934)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes7,204 7,930 5,520 (17,551)21,981 
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In addition to interest on borrowings, interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, includes amortization of loan costs and hedge accounting adjustments, fees for lender commitments under our revolving credit agreement and fees for standby letters of credit and bank guarantees that banks issue on our behalf for performance bonds, bid bonds and self-insurance requirements.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are the principal component of other income (expense), net. In the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, we incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $2.5 million and $13 million, respectively. In the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, we incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $3.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The currency losses in 2020 and 2019 primarily related to declining exchange rates for the Angolan kwanza and the Brazilian real relative to the U.S. dollar. We could incur further foreign currency exchange losses in Angola and Brazil if further currency devaluations occur.

Due to the economic uncertainty presented by COVID-19 and the current volatility in the oil and natural gas markets, we believe using a discrete tax provision method for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, based on actual earnings per sharefor the period, is a more reliable method for providing for income taxes because our annual effective tax rate as calculated under ASC 740-270 is highly sensitive to be lesschanges in estimates of total ordinary income (loss). Therefore, we do not believe a discussion of the annual effective tax rate is meaningful. The tax provision is based on (1) our earnings for the period and other factors affecting the tax provision and (2) the operations of foreign branches and subsidiaries that are subject to local income and withholding taxes. Factors that affect our tax rate include our profitability levels in general and the geographic mix in the sources of our results. The effective tax rate for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was different than our 2016 dilutedthe federal statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the 2020 enactment of the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), the geographic mix of operating revenue and results, and changes in uncertain tax positions and other discrete items. We continue to make an assertion to indefinitely reinvest the unrepatriated earnings per share of $0.25.any foreign subsidiary that would incur incremental tax consequences upon the distribution of such earnings.


In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017,2020, we recognized an additionala discrete tax expensebenefit of $4.5$42 million, for discrete items, which included a $1.4 million tax reserve for uncertain income tax positionsprimarily related to foreign entitya cash tax filingsbenefit of prior years$33 million and $2.9a non-cash tax benefit of $9.9 million related to the CARES Act. These benefits are classified as an income tax effects onreceivable and a reduction in long-term liabilities, respectively. To secure these benefits, we filed a 2014 refund claim to carryback our U.S. net operating loss generated in 2019 and amended 2012 and 2013 income tax returns impacted by the difference between book and tax amountsnet operating loss carryback. Prior to enactment of share-based compensation paid in the periods. As a result of our implementation of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, "Compensation – Stock Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," these tax effects are recognized in our statements of operations effective January 1, 2017. Previously, these tax effects were reflected on our balance sheet as adjustments to additional paid-in capital. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report for further discussion of ASU 2016-09.

CARES Act, such net operating losses could only be carried forward. In the nine-month periodsperiod ended September 30, 2017 and 2016,2019, we incurred foreign exchange lossesrecognized discrete tax expense of $3.4$5.1 million, and $6.5 million, respectively. The foreign exchange losses in 2016 primarily related to the Angolan kwanzashare-based compensation and its declining exchange rate relative to the U.S. dollar. We did not incur significant exchange losses in any one currency during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our foreign exchange losses are reflected in Other income (expense), net.


For the fourth quarter of 2017, we believe our results will be considerably lower than our third quarter results due to seasonality and a reduced level of offshore activity. Most of the decline is expected to be in our ROV and Subsea Projects segments, with modestly lower operating income from our other oilfield segments, as we foresee very few near-term catalysts to support an improvement in our oilfield markets. For our-non-oilfield segment, Advanced Technologies, we are projecting a modest quarterly improvement. We expect Unallocated Expenses to be slightly higher.

While our fourth quarter outlook has been revised downward, we continue to believe that we will be marginally profitable at the operating income line on a consolidated basis for the full year of 2017. We anticipate continued lower global demand for deepwater drilling, field development, and inspection, maintenance and repair and installation activities due to the current and anticipated oil price environment, which has led to spending cuts by our customers and pricing pressure. Below the operating income line, we expect:

increased interest expense from higher interest rates, which affect our floating rate debt and our swaps to floating rates on $200 million of fixed-rate debt; and
a loss on our equity investment in Medusa Spar LLC, as volume continues to be low in current producing zones.

Based on the current number of floating rigs working and expectations for further reductions in oil and gas industry capital and operating expenditures as offshore activities get pushed into 2019, we believe our 2018 earnings will be significantly lower than 2017. During 2018, we expect each of our operating segments will contribute positive earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), and on a consolidated basis, we will generate more than sufficient cash flows to service our debt and fund our anticipated maintenance and organic growth capital expenditures. While we are anticipating an increase in offshore activity levels during the second half of 2018, we do not expect this shift in momentum to be adequate to offset the near-term market weakness or to present an opportunity to meaningfully improve pricing.

With an outlook for diminishing cash flow from operations for the fourth quarter of 2017 and for the full year of 2018, we feel it is prudent at this time to focus our resources on growth and positioning the company for the future. Consequently, our Board did not declare a quarterly dividend to be paid in the fourth quarter of 2017. While we will continue to review our dividend position on a quarterly basis, we do not anticipate our Board reinstating a quarterly cash dividend until we see a significant improvement in our market outlook and projected free cash flow.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For information about our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, please refer to the discussion in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in Item 7 – "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
valuation allowance.
Liquidity and Capital Resources


As of September 30, 2017,2020, we had working capital of $771$695 million, including $472$359 million of cash and cash equivalents. Additionally, we hadAmendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (as defined below) provides for a $500 million of borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility under a credit agreementuntil October 25, 2021 and thereafter $450 million until January 25, 2023 with a group of banks (the "Credit Agreement"). Thebanks. Our revolving credit facility provided under the Credit Agreement includes a $300 million, three-year term loanwas undrawn as of September 30, 2020, and aremains undrawn as of the date of this report, and our nearest maturity of indebtedness is our $500 million five-year, revolving credit facility. of 2024 Notes (as defined below) due in November 2024. Given that the 2024 Notes are currently trading at market discount to principal amount, we may, from time to time, complete limited repurchases of the 2024 Notes, via open-market or privately negotiated repurchase transactions or otherwise, prior to their maturity date.  We can provide no
assurances as to the timing of any such repurchases or whether we will complete any such repurchases at all. We do not intend to disclose further information regarding any such repurchase transactions, except to the extent required in our subsequent periodic filings on Forms 10-K or 10-Q, or unless otherwise required by applicable law.

We consider our liquidity, cash flows and capital resources to be adequate to support our existing operations and capital commitments. However, given the uncertainty in the rapidly changing market and economic conditions related to the COVID-19 outbreak, we will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business and financial position.


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Cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:
Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Changes in Cash:
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities$32,363 $112,167 
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities(38,714)(120,046)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities(1,725)(2,320)
Effect of exchange rates on cash(6,802)(3,737)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents$(14,878)$(13,936)

Operating activities

Our primary sources and uses of cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)$(471,751)$(85,532)
Non-cash items, net556,046 148,453 
Accounts receivable and contract assets87,999 51,629 
Inventory19,179 (10,765)
Current liabilities(158,496)(340)
Other changes(614)8,722 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities$32,363 $112,167 

The increase in cash related to accounts receivable and contract assets in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 reflects the timing of project milestones and customer payments. The increase in cash related to inventory in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 corresponds with a decrease in our backlog. The decrease in cash related to current liabilities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 reflects the timing of vendor payments, lower contract liabilities due to a decrease in deferred customer prepayments, and the annual employee incentive payments related to attainment of specific performance goals in prior periods.

Investing activities

Our capital expenditures of $46 million were $60 millionlower during the first nine months of 2017, excluding an $11 million equity investment and advance in a business acquisition to expand our presence in the Caspian Sea region,2020, as compared to $83$129 million excluding a $3 million business acquisition, duringin the first nine months of 2016. We currently estimate2019, as a result of actions we have taken in 2020 to reduce costs and preserve liquidity.

For 2020, we expect our capital expenditures for 2017, excluding business acquisitions, willto be in the range of $90$50 million to $110$60 million. This includes approximately $15 million includingto $20 million of construction progress paymentsmaintenance capital expenditures and $35 million to $40 million of growth capital expenditures.

We previously had several deepwater vessels under long-term charter. The last of our long-term charters expired in March 2018. With the current vessel market conditions, we have entered into some minimum-day, short-term, time charter party agreements and, for the new deepwater multiservice subsea support vessel,specific projects, we continue to be named the Ocean Evolution, discussed below.

During the third quarter of 2013, we signed an agreementcharter on a back-to-back basis with a shipyard for the construction of a subsea support vessel, to be named the Ocean Evolution. We expect to take delivery of the vessel atowners. This generally minimizes our contract exposure by closely matching our obligations with our revenue.
Financing activities

In the endnine months ended September 30, 2020, we used $1.7 million of December 2017 and to place it into service duringcash in financing activities. In the first quarter of 2018. We intend for the vessel to be U.S.-flagged and documented with a coastwise endorsement by the U.S. Coast Guard. It is expected to have an overall length of

353 feet, a Class 2 dynamic positioning system, accommodations for 110 personnel, a helideck, a 250-ton active heave-compensated crane, and a working moonpool. We will outfit the vessel with two of our high specification work-class ROVs and a satellite communications system capable of transmitting streaming video for real-time work observation by shore personnel. We anticipate the vessel will be used to augment our ability to provide subsea intervention services and hardware installations in the deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico.

Unless indicated otherwise, each of the vessels discussed below is a deepwater multiservice subsea support vessel outfitted with two of our high-specification work-class ROVs.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2008, we chartered a vessel, the Olympic Intervention IV, for an initial term of five years. Following extension periods, the charter expired in July 2016, and we released the vessel to its owner. We had been using the Olympic Intervention IV in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.

In 2012, we moved the chartered vessel Ocean Intervention III to Angola and also chartered the Bourbon Oceanteam 101 to work on a three-year field support vessel services contract for a unit of BP plc. We had extended the charter of the Bourbon Oceanteam 101 to January 2017. However, in early 2016, the customer exercised its right, under the field support vessel services contract, to terminate its use of the Bourbon Oceanteam 101 at the end of May 2016. Under the terms of the contract, the costs incurred by us associated with the early release and demobilization of the vessel were reimbursed by the customer. Following the release of the vessel, we redelivered it to the vessel supplier. The charter for the Ocean Intervention III expired at the end of July 2017. Under the field support vessel services contract, which has been extended through Januarynine months ended September 30, 2019, we are continuing to supply project management and engineering services. We also provide ROV tooling, asset integrity services and installation and workover control system services as requested by the customer. Chartered vessels and barges are provided to the customer upon request. Under this arrangement, the Ocean Intervention III will beprovided for a fixed term from January 2018 until May 2018 with three one-month optional customer extension periods.used $2.3 million in financing activities.
In March 2013, we commenced a five-year charter for a Jones Act-compliant multi-service support vessel, the Ocean Alliance, we have been using in the U.S. Gulf
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Table of Mexico. In January 2015, we commenced a two-year contract with a customer for the use of the Ocean Alliance. The contract expired in January 2017, and we are marketing the vessel for spot market work in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.Contents
In December 2013, we commenced a three-year charter for the Normand Flower, a multi-service subsea marine support vessel. We made modifications to the vessel and used the vessel in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico to perform inspection, maintenance and repair projects and hardware installations. In December 2016, we declined our option to extend the charter and the vessel was released.
In November 2015, we commenced a two-year charter for the use of the Island Pride, a multi-service subsea marine support vessel. We are using the vessel under a two-year contract to provide field support services off the coast of India for an oil and gas customer based in India. Our two-year contract is scheduled to end in early November. Our customer has several option periods available to them; however, they have not exercised their right to use them. The future IMR vessel work in this field is out to tender, and we are bidding for the work.

We also charter or lease vessels on a short-term basis as necessary to augment our fleet.

As of September 30, 2017,2020, we had long-term debt in the principal amount of $800 million outstanding and $500 million available under our revolving credit facility provided under the Credit Agreement.


In October 2014, we entered into a new credit agreement (as amended, the "Credit Agreement") with a group of banks to replace our prior principal credit agreement.banks. The original Credit Agreement from October 2014 has been amended three times and it currently providesinitially provided for a $300$500 million term loan (the "Term Loan Facility") and a $500 millionfive-year revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which mature in October 2019 and October 2021, respectively.. Subject to certain conditions, the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be increased by up to $300 million at any time upon agreement between us and existing or additional lenders. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. Simultaneously withThe Credit Agreement also provided for a $300 million term loan, which we repaid in full in February 2018, using net proceeds from the executionissuance of our 2028 Senior Notes (as defined and discussed below), and cash on hand.

In February 2018, we entered into Agreement and Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement in 2014("Amendment No. 4"). Amendment No. 4 amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to January 25, 2023 with the extending lenders, which represent 90% of the existing commitments of the lenders, such that the total commitments for the Revolving Credit Facility will be $500 million until October 25, 2021, and pursuant to its terms, we repaid all amounts outstanding under, and terminated, our prior principal credit agreement.thereafter $450 million until January 25, 2023.



Borrowings under the Revolving Credit AgreementFacility bear interest at an Adjusted Base Rate or the Eurodollar Rate (both as defined in the Credit Agreement), at our option, plus an applicable margin based on our Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and, at our election, based on the ratings of our senior unsecured debt by designated ratings services, thereafter to be based on such debt ratings. The applicable margin varies: (1) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Adjusted Base Rate, from 0.125% to 0.750% for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and from 0% to 0.500% for borrowings under the Term Loan Facility;; and (2) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Eurodollar Rate, from 1.125% to 1.750% for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and from 1.000% to 1.500% for borrowings under the Term Loan Facility.. The Adjusted Base Rate is the highest of (1) the per annum rate established by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the daily one-month LIBOR plus 1%. We pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.125% to 0.300% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on our Leverage Ratio. The commitment fees are included as interest expense in our consolidated financial statements.


The Credit Agreement contains various covenants that we believe are customary for agreements of this nature, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability and the ability of each of our subsidiaries to incur debt, grant liens, make certain investments, make distributions, merge or consolidate, sell assets and enter into certain restrictive agreements. We are also subject to a maximum adjusted total capitalization ratioCapitalization Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement)Agreement which stipulates, that among other items, we exclude any impacts associated with current and prior period impairments) of 55%. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and associated remedies. As of September 30, 2017,2020, we were in compliance with all the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and the option of utilizing the entire $500 million of available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility while remaining in compliance with the maximum adjusted Capitalization Ratio.


In November 2014, we completed the public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Senior"2024 Senior Notes"). We pay interest on the 2024 Senior Notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on November 15, 2024.


OurIn February 2018, we completed the public offering of $300 million aggregate principal sourceamount of cash from operating activities is our net income (loss), adjusted for6.000% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "2028 Senior Notes"). We pay interest on the non-cash effects2028 Senior Notes on February 1 and August 1 of among other things, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes and noncash compensation under our share-based compensation plans. Our $144 million and $262 million of cash provided from operating activities in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were principally affected by operating results and cash increases (decreases) of:each year. The 2028 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on February 1, 2028.

$26 million and $102 million, respectively, from changes in accounts receivable;
$35 million and $1 million, respectively, from changes in inventory; and
$(56) million and $(161) million, respectively, from changes in current liabilities.


We had a decrease in cash related to accounts receivable in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016, as we had lower revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2016, so, combined with our cash collections, our overall accounts receivable balances decreased. The decrease in inventory levels in 2017 reflected usage on a large umbilical project and our lower Subsea Products backlog. Eachmay redeem some or all of the 20172024 Senior Notes and 2016 decreases in cash related to current liabilities reflected generally lower business levels, and decreased accruals for incentive compensation.2028 Senior Notes at specified redemption prices.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we used $79 million of cash in investing activities, largely related to capital expenditures of $60 million, excluding investment and advances in a business acquisition of $11 million. We also used $46 million in financing activities, primarily for the payment of cash dividends of $44 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we used $117 million of cash in investing activities. The cash used in investing activities related to capital expenditures of $83 million and other investments of $40 million. The other investments were primarily for the purchase of bonds in Angola for the purpose of mitigating our Angolan currency risk. We also used $81 million in financing activities, primarily for the payment of cash dividends of $79 million.

We have not guaranteed any debt not reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, and we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by SEC rules.


In December 2014, our Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock. Under this plan,In 2015, we had repurchased 2.0 million shares of our common stock for $100 million through September 30, 2017, all duringunder this plan. We have not repurchased any shares under this plan since 2015. We account for the shares we hold in treasury under the cost method, at average cost. The timing and amount of any future repurchases will be determined by our management. We expect that any additional shares repurchased under the plan will be held as treasury stock for possible future use. The plan does not obligate us to repurchase any particular number of shares.


From the second quarter
35

Results of OperationsOff-Balance Sheet Arrangements


We operate in five business segments. The segments are contained within two businesses — services and products provided to the oil and gas industry ("Oilfield") and all other services and products ("Advanced Technologies"). Our Unallocated Expenses are thosehave not associated with a specific business segment.

guaranteed any debt not reflected on our Consolidated revenue and profitability information is as follows:



 Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Revenue $476,120
 $549,275
 $515,036
 $1,437,332
 $1,783,158
Gross Margin 54,885
 35,443
 53,571
 153,311
 228,156
Gross Margin % 12% 6 % 10% 11% 13%
Operating Income (Loss) 10,531
 (11,856) 9,390
 19,771
 74,623
Operating Income % 2% (2)% 2% 1% 4%

In our Subsea Projects segment, we generate a material amount of our consolidated revenue from contracts for services in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, which has historically been more active from April through October, as compared to the rest of the year. The European operations of our Asset Integrity segment have historically been more active in the second and third quarters; however, the reduced customer spending levels in the current commodity price environment have substantially obscured this seasonality since mid-2014. Revenue in our ROV segment is generally subject to seasonal variations in demand, with our first quarter typically being the low quarter of the year. The level of our ROV seasonality primarily depends on the number of ROVs we have engaged in vessel-based subsea infrastructure inspection, maintenance and repair and installation, which is more seasonal than drilling support. Periods since mid-2014 reflect an exception, as there has been a general decline in offshore activity, which caused a decrease in our ROV days on hire and utilization during each sequential quarter from September 2014 through September 2017, with few exceptions. The number of ROV days on hire for the quarters ended September 2017, June 2017 and June 2016 were slightly higher than that of the respective immediately preceding quarters. Revenue in our Subsea Products and Advanced Technologies segments generally has not been seasonal.


Oilfield

The following table sets forth the revenues and margins for our Oilfield business segments for the periods indicated. In the ROV section of the table that follows, "Days available" includes all days from the first day that an ROV is placed into service until the ROV is retired. All days during this period are considered available days, including periods when an ROV is undergoing maintenance or repairs. Our ROVs do not have scheduled maintenance or repair that requires significant time when the ROVs are not available for utilization.
   Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Remotely Operated Vehicles          
 Revenue $104,617
 $126,507
 $103,432
 $302,071
 $413,769
 Gross Margin 12,102
 (16,288) 16,659
 41,783
 45,959
 Operating Income (Loss) 5,009
 (23,845) 10,376
 21,310
 21,162
 Operating Income (Loss) %5% (19)% 10% 7% 5%
 Days available 25,695
 29,126
 25,300
 76,214
 86,904
 Days utilized 12,742
 15,156
 12,267
 36,497
 47,218
 Utilization 50% 52 % 48% 48% 54%
            
Subsea Products          
 Revenue 143,583
 157,269
 174,893
 469,115
 542,978
 Gross Margin 24,949
 20,423
 22,762
 72,702
 119,287
 Operating Income 12,383
 6,109
 10,552
 34,418
 71,870
 Operating Income %9% 4 % 6% 7% 13%
 Backlog at end of period 284,000
 457,000
 328,000
 284,000
 457,000
            
Subsea Projects          
 Revenue 80,116
 110,799
 75,545
 218,617
 378,883
 Gross Margin 10,187
 19,321
 6,462
 20,673
 45,147
 Operating Income 6,512
 15,029
 3,000
 9,699
 32,055
 Operating Income %8% 14 % 4% 4% 8%
            
Asset Integrity          
 Revenue 61,098
 71,995
 58,192
 171,948
 215,459
 Gross Margin 9,754
 11,591
 10,004
 28,139
 29,030
 Operating Income 3,050
 4,725
 3,755
 9,072
 4,354
 Operating Income %5% 7 % 6% 5% 2%
            
Total Oilfield          
 Revenue $389,414
 $466,570
 $412,062
 $1,161,751
 $1,551,089
 Gross Margin 56,992
 35,047
 55,887
 163,297
 239,423
 Operating Income 26,954
 2,018
 27,683
 74,499
 129,441
 Operating Income %7%  % 7% 6% 8%

In general, our Oilfield business focuses on supplying services and products to the deepwater sector of the offshore market. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, lower global demand for deepwater drilling, field development, and inspection, maintenance and repair activities due to the general decline in oil prices since June 2014. As a result, we are forecasting an overall decrease in our oilfield operating segments for the full year of 2017 as compared to 2016.


We believe we are the world's largest provider of ROV services, and this business segment historically, but not currently, has been the largest contributor to our Oilfield business operating income. Our ROV segment revenue reflects the utilization percentages, fleet sizes and average pricing of the respective periods. Our ROV operating margins have declined as depreciation has become a higher percentage of revenue, and we have experienced lower utilization and pricing in recent years. In the full year of 2014, 2015 and 2016, ROV depreciation and amortization was 14%, 18% and 27% of ROV revenue respectively; and in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 it was 29% of ROV revenue. Our ROV operating income increased in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year, mainly due to 2016 inventory write-downs and fixed assets write-offs totaling $36 million, substantially offset by lower utilization and lower average revenue per day on hire in 2017. During the third quarter of 2017, ROV operating income decreased compared to the immediately preceding quarter, mainly as a result of lower average revenue per day on hire and an increase in average daily operating costs. The average revenue per day on hire decreased due primarily to an unfavorable change in geographic mix, as we experienced disproportionately fewer work days in higher day rate operating areas, notably Angola. Days on hire increased 4% sequentially during the third quarter of 2017 as our fleet utilization improved to 50% from 48%. We added four new ROVs to our fleet during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and retired five, resulting in a total of 279 ROVs in our ROV fleet. We expect our fourth quarter 2017 ROV operating income to decrease considerably from that of the third quarter due to fewer working days, largely on decreased demand to provide vessel-based services, and lower average revenue per day, partially attributable to seasonality. We also expect a decline in our average daily operating costs.

To improve operational efficiency, in 2016 we reorganized our Subsea Products segment into two business units (1) manufactured products and (2) service and rental. Manufactured products include production control umbilicals and specialty subsea hardware, while service and rental includes tooling, subsea work systems and installation and workover control systems. This internal reorganization did not affect our segment reporting structure or the historical comparability of our segment results. The following table presents revenue from manufactured products and service and rental, as their respective percentages of total Subsea Products revenue:
   Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
  Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Manufactured products 59% 64% 70% 67% 66%
            
Service and rental 41% 36% 30% 33% 34%
            

Our Subsea Products operating income increased in the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year, mainly due to a 2016 charge of $8.2 million, predominantly for tools and inventory in our portfolio used to support deepwater drilling and operations, partially offset by lower demand and pricing in both manufactured products and service and rental in 2017. Subsea Products operating income decreased in nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to the the corresponding period of the prior year, due to lower demand and pricing in both manufactured products and service and rental. Subsea Products operating income in the third quarter of 2017 was higher than that of the immediately preceding quarter due to the higher percentage of segment revenue being generated by our service and rental business and excellent execution by our umbilical business unit, partially offset by the effect of an 18% decline in revenues.

Our Subsea Products backlog was $284 millionBalance Sheets as of September 30, 2017, compared2020, and we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by SEC rules.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These principles require us to $431 million asmake various estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in our financial statements and accompanying notes. We disclose our significant accounting policies in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 1—"Summary of Major Accounting Policies" in this quarterly report and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The backlog decline was largely attributable to low umbilical order intake2019, in Part II. Item 7. "Financial Statements and production associated withSupplementary Data—Note 1—Summary of Major Accounting Policies."

For information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, see Part II. Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our annual report on Form 10-K for the Shell Appomattox project in the U.S. Gulfyear ended December 31, 2019. As of Mexico. We expect Subsea Products margins to weaken further into the mid-single digit range in the fourth quarter of 2017 comparedSeptember 30, 2020, there have been no material changes to the third quarter, due to legacy contracts with better pricing having been completedjudgments, assumptions and more recent contracts at more competitive pricing being executed.estimates upon which our critical accounting policies and estimates are based.

Our Subsea Projects operating income was lower in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year, as a result of generally lower vessel demand and pricing, and the release in May 2016 of the Bourbon Oceanteam 101, which was previously deployed under the field support vessel services contract offshore Angola. Our Subsea Projects operating income increased in the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 compared to the immediately preceding quarter, principally driven by seasonal improvements in U.S. Gulf of Mexico deepwater vessel work. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we expect lower operating income than we had for the third quarter, due to the seasonal decrease in deepwater vessel work in

the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, a continued low vessel price environment and current global oversupply of vessels, and a lower profit contribution from our Angola operations due to the release of the Ocean Intervention III by the customer during the third quarter of this year.

For the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, compared to the corresponding period of the prior year, Asset Integrity's operating income was lower. For nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year, Asset Integrity's operating income improved on lower revenue, as we benefited from restructuring efforts we made in prior periods and 2016 operating results included a second quarter bad debt expense of $3.3 million. Asset Integrity's operating income in the three-month period ended September 30, 2017 was lower compared to the immediately preceding quarter . For the fourth quarter of 2017, we expect Asset Integrity's operating income to be lower compared to the third quarter, due to seasonal decreases.

Advanced Technologies

Revenue and margin information was as follows:
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   Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Revenue $86,706
 $82,705
 $102,974
 275,581
 232,069
Gross Margin $11,833
 $9,665
 $14,133
 $36,038
 $26,092
Operating Income 6,602
 4,357
 7,632
 19,260
 10,478
Operating Income % 8% 5% 7% 7% 5%


Advanced Technologies operating income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 was higher than thatTable of the corresponding periods of the prior year, from improved execution on theme park and other commercial projects. Operating income in the third quarter of 2017 was lower than that of the immediately preceding quarter, primarily due to lower levels of work for the U.S. Navy. We expect a slight increase in our Advanced Technologies operating income in the fourth quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter, due to increased activity on theme park projects.



   Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Gross margin $13,940
 $9,269
 $16,449
 46,024
 37,359
Operating income 23,025
 18,231
 25,925
 73,988
 65,296
Operating income % of revenue 5% 3% 5% 5% 4%

Our Unallocated Expenses for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 increased compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year, primarily due to higher 2017 estimated expenses related to incentive compensation from our performance units and bonuses. Our Unallocated Expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were lower compared to the immediately preceding quarter. For the fourth quarter of 2017, we expect our quarterly Unallocated Expenses to be slightly higher compared to the third quarter.


Other

The following table sets forth our significant financial statement items below the income from operations line.

   Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
(in thousands) Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016 Jun 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2017 Sep 30, 2016
Interest income $1,997
 $684
 $2,045
 5,379
 2,421
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized (8,650) (6,325) (7,599) (22,517) (18,924)
Equity in income (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates (424) (246) (394) (1,798) 543
Other income (expense), net (1,287) 570
 (58) (3,901) (6,823)
Provision for (benefits from) income taxes 3,935
 (5,375) 1,252
 4,104
 16,226

In addition to interest on borrowings, interest expense includes amortization of loan costs, fees for lender commitments under our revolving credit agreement and fees for standby letters of credit and bank guarantees that banks issue on our behalf for performance bonds, bid bonds and self-insurance requirements.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are the principal component of Other income (expense), net. In the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we incurred foreign currency transaction gains (losses) of $(1.3) million and $0.6 million, respectively. In the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $(3.4) million and $(6.5) million, respectively. In the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2017, we did not incur significant currency losses in any one currency. The currency losses in 2016 primarily related to the Angolan kwanza and its declining exchange rate relative to the U.S. dollar, and related primarily to our cash balances in Angola. Conversion of cash balances from Angolan kwanza to U.S. dollars is controlled by the central bank in Angola, and the central bank slowed this process starting in mid-2015, causing our cash balances in kwanza to increase.

The provisions for income taxes were related to U.S. income taxes that we provided at estimated annual effective rates using assumptions as to earnings and other factors that would affect the tax provision for the remainder of the year, and to the operations of foreign branches and subsidiaries that were subject to local income and withholding taxes. Factors that could affect our estimated tax rate include our profitability levels in general and the geographic mix in the sources of our results. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was different than the federal statutory rate of 35.0%, primarily due to the geographic mix of tax jurisdictions in which we generated our earnings and losses and non-deductible expenses. It is our intention to continue to indefinitely reinvest in certain of our international operations.  We do not believe the effective tax rate before discrete items is meaningful, as the rate is less significant at a low pretax income or a pretax loss position. The effective tax rate of 31.3% for the period ended September 30, 2016 was lower than the federal statutory rate of 35.0%, primarily due to our intention to indefinitely reinvest in certain of our international operations.  We do not provide for U.S. taxes on the portion of our foreign earnings we indefinitely reinvest.


Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are currently exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions we have entered into in the normal course of business. These risks relate to interest rate changes and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Except for our exposure in Angola, we do not believe these risks are material. We have not entered into any market risk sensitivemarket-risk-sensitive instruments for speculative or trading purposes. When we have a significant amount of borrowings, we typically manage our exposure to interest rate changes through the use of a combination of fixed- and floating-rate debt. See Note 3 of7—"Debt" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this quarterly report for a description of our revolving credit facility and interest rates on our borrowings. We havehad two interest rate swaps in place onrelating to a total of $200 million of the 2024 Senior Notes for the period to November 2024. TheNotes. These agreements swapswapped the fixed interest rate of 4.650% on $100 million of the 2024 Senior Notes to the floating rate of one monthone-month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one monthone-month LIBOR plus 2.823%. In March 2020, we terminated these interest rate swaps. We believe significant interest rate changes would not have a material near-term impact on our future earnings or cash flows.
Because we operate in various oil and gas exploration and production regions in the world, we conduct a portion of our business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for several of our international operations is the applicable local currency. A stronger U.S. dollar against the U.K.United Kingdom pound sterling, the Norwegian kroner and the Brazilian real may result in lower operating income. We manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates principally through arranging compensation in U.S. dollars or freely convertible currency and, to the extent possible, by limiting compensation received in other currencies to amounts necessary to meet obligations denominated in those currencies. We use the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date to translate assets and liabilities as to which the functional currency is the local currency, resulting in translation adjustments that we reflect as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in the shareholders' equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recorded net adjustments to our equity accounts of $20.3$13 million and $31.2$(33) million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $(46) million and $(27) million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 20172020 and 2016,2019, respectively. Negative adjustments reflect the net impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against various foreign currencies for locations where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Conversely, positive adjustments reflect the effect of a weakening U.S. dollar.


We recorded foreign currency transaction gains (losses)losses of $(1.3)$2.5 million and $0.6$13 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2017three- and 2016, respectively, and $(3.4) million and $(6.5) million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 20172020, and 2016,$3.5 million and $2.8 million in the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Those gains and losses(losses) are included in Otherother income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in those respective periods. Since the second quarter of 2015, the exchange rate for the Angolan kwanza relative to the U.S. dollar generally has been declining, although the exchange rate was relatively stable during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. As our functional currency in Angola and Brazil is the U.S. dollar, we recorded foreign currency transaction gains (losses)losses related to the Angolan kwanza and Brazilian real. Foreign currency losses related to the Angolan kwanza of $0.7less than $0.1 million and $(7.6)$2.0 million in the three-three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.6 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016,2020 and 2019, respectively, as a component of Other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for those respective periods. Our foreign currency transaction gains (losses) relatedwere primarily due to the remeasurement of our Angolan kwanza cash balances to U.S. dollars. ConversionForeign currency losses related to the Brazilian real of $0.7 million and $1.3 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $8.4 million and $1.0 million in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our Brazilian real liability balances to U.S. dollars.

Any conversion of cash balances from kwanza to U.S. dollars is controlled by the central bank in Angola, and the central bank has slowed this process since mid-2015, causing our kwanza cash balances to subsequently increase.Angola. As of September 30, 2017,2020 and December 31, 2019, we had the equivalent of approximately $26$9.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively, of kwanza cash balances in Angola reflected on our balance sheet.Consolidated Balance Sheets.


To mitigate our currency exposure risk in Angola, through September 30, 2017 we have used kwanza to purchase $70 million equivalent Angolan central bank (Banco Nacional de Angola) bonds with various maturities throughout 2018 and 2020. Thesebonds. The bonds are denominated as U.S. dollar equivalents, so that, upon payment of semi-annual interest and principal upon maturity, payment is made in kwanza, equivalent to the respective U.S. dollars at the then-current exchange rate. We haveBecause we intend to sell the bonds if we are able to repatriate the proceeds, we classified these instrumentsbonds as held-to-maturity,available-for-sale securities, and havethey are recorded the original costin other current assets on our balance sheetConsolidated Balance Sheets.

We estimated the fair market value of the Angolan bonds to be $10 million as other non-current assets.of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 using quoted market prices. Since the market for the Angolan bonds is not an active market, the fair value of the Angolan bonds is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the difference between the fair market value and the carrying amount of the Angolan bonds was immaterial.

37



Item 4.        Controls and Procedures.Procedures


In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 20172020 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.


There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 20172020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

38


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.Legal Proceedings.

Item 1.Legal Proceedings
On June 17, 2014, Peter L. Jacobs, a purported shareholder, filed a derivative complaint against all of the then current members of our board of directors and one of our former directors, as defendants, and our company, as nominal defendant, in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. Through the complaint, the plaintiff asserted, on behalf of our company, actions for breach of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment in connection with prior determinations of our board of directors relating to nonexecutive director compensation. The plaintiff sought relief including disgorgement of payments made to the defendants, an award of unspecified damages and an award for attorneys’ fees and other costs.  We and the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and a supporting brief.  Subsequently, the parties to the litigation jointly requested and received a series of extension orders from the Court to extend the time for certain filings.  The last such extension expired on September 16, 2016.  By letter dated August 30, 2017, we received notice from the Office of the Register in Chancery advising the parties that the Court was closing the matter for failure to prosecute or to comply with an order of the Court. 


In the ordinary course of business, we are, from time to time, involved in litigation or subject to actions for damages alleging personal injurydisputes, governmental investigations or claims related to our business activities, including, among other things:
performance- or warranty-related matters under the general maritime laws of the United States, including theour customer and supplier contracts and other business arrangements; and
workers’ compensation claims, Jones Act for alleged negligence. We report actions for personal injury to our insurance carriersclaims, occupational hazard claims, premises liability claims and believe that the settlement or disposition of those claims will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.other claims.

Various other actions and claims are pending against us, most of which are covered by insurance. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, we believe that our ultimate liability, if any, that may result from these other actions and claims will not materially affecthave a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation and other dispute resolution proceedings and, in some cases, the availability and amount of potentially available insurance, we can provide no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding to which we are a party will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows or financial position.for the fiscal period in which that resolution occurs.



39



Item 1A.Risk Factors

We are subject to various risks and uncertainties in the course of our business. A discussion of material risks and uncertainties may be found under Item 1A–Risk Factors in Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The update to those risk factors provided under Item 1A–Risk Factors in Part II of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 is incorporated by reference into this item.

Item 6.         Exhibits.Exhibits

Index to Exhibits
Registration or File NumberForm of ReportReport DateExhibit Number
*30101-1094510-KDec. 20003.01
*30201-109458-KMay 20083.1
*30301-109458-KMay 20143.1
*3.04 1-109458-KAug. 20203.01
31.01 
31.02 
32.01 
32.02 
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*Exhibit previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as indicated, and incorporated herein by reference.


40
     Registration or File Number Form of Report Report Date Exhibit Number
*3.01
  1-10945 10-K Dec. 2000 3.01
*3.02
  1-10945 8-K May 2008 3.1
*3.03
  1-10945 8-K May 2014 3.1
*3.04
  1-10945 8-K Aug. 2015 3.1
 12.01
     
 31.01
 
 31.02
 
 32.01
 
 32.02
 
 101.INS
 XBRL Instance Document
 101.SCH
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 101.CAL
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 101.DEF
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 101.LAB
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 101.PRE
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
            
    
 *
 Exhibit previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as indicated, and incorporated herein by reference.


Table of Contents


SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
November 2, 20172020
/S/    RODERICKS/    RODERICK A. LARSON
LARSON
DateRoderick A. Larson
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
November 2, 20172020
/S/    ALANS/    ALAN R. CURTIS
CURTIS
DateAlan R. Curtis
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
November 2, 20172020
/S/    W. CARDON GERNER
S/    WITLAND J. LEBLANC, JR.
DateW. Cardon GernerWitland J. LeBlanc, Jr.
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)



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