UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission file number: 001-10898

The Travelers Companies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________________________


Minnesota						41-0518860
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

485 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10017

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(917) 778-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, without par value

TRV

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ý

The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, without par value, outstanding at ~~October 16, 2020~~July 15, 2021 was ~~253,308,761.~~

249,492,900.

The Travelers Companies, Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For Quarterly Period Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	Part I — Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements:

	Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) (Unaudited) — Three Months and ~~Nine~~Six Months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	3

	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) — Three Months and ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	4

	Consolidated Balance Sheet — ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, ~~2019~~2020	5

	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) — Three Months and ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	6

	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) — ~~Nine~~Six Months Ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020	7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3631

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	7165

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	7165

	Part II — Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	7266

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	7266

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	7566

Item 5.	Other Information	7566

Item 6.	Exhibits	7667

	SIGNATURES	7768

PART 1 — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Premiums $ 7,380 $ 7,179 $ 21,564 $ 21,022
Net investment income 671 622 1,550 1,852
Fee income 101 121 323 346
Net realized investment gains (losses) 37 23 (48) 101
Other revenues 86 68 195 197
Total revenues 8,275 8,013 23,584 23,518
Claims and expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses 4,886 5,230 14,782 14,493
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 1,207 1,169 3,558 3,420
General and administrative expenses 1,109 1,098 3,367 3,280
Interest expense 87 84 256 261
Total claims and expenses 7,289 7,581 21,963 21,454
Income before income taxes 986 432 1,621 2,064
Income tax expense 159 36 234 315
Net income $ 827 $ 396 $ 1,387 $ 1,749
Net income per share
Basic $ 3.24 $ 1.52 $ 5.44 $ 6.65
Diluted $ 3.23 $ 1.50 $ 5.41 $ 6.59
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic 253.3 259.2 253.5 261.1
Diluted 254.3 261.8 254.5 263.4
Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.85 $ 0.82 $ 2.52 $ 2.41


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

Revenues
Premiums	$	7,616	$	6,955	$	15,002	$	14,184
Net investment income	818		268		1,519		879
Fee income	104		114		205		222
Net realized investment gains (losses)	61		13		105		(85)
Other revenues	88		51		169		109

Total revenues	8,687		7,401		17,000		15,309

Claims and expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	5,045		5,107		10,015		9,896
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	1,254		1,173		2,461		2,351
General and administrative expenses	1,174		1,121		2,337		2,258
Interest expense	83		85		165		169
Total claims and expenses	7,556		7,486		14,978		14,674

Income (loss) before income taxes	1,131		(85)		2,022		635
Income tax expense (benefit)	197		(45)		355		75
Net income (loss)	$	934	$	(40)	$	1,667	$	560

Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	3.70	$	(0.16)	$	6.58	$	2.19
Diluted	$	3.66	$	(0.16)	$	6.53	$	2.19

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic	250.7		251.6		251.4		253.6
Diluted	253.1		251.6		253.6		254.7

Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.88	$	0.85	$	1.73	$	1.67

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

(in millions)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income $ 827 $ 396 $ 1,387 $ 1,749
Other comprehensive income
Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities:
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income 217 605 2,001 3,129
Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (7) (3) (10) (2)
Net changes in benefit plan assets and obligations 20 14 64 40
Net changes in unrealized foreign currency translation 79 (75) (137) (20)
Other comprehensive income before income taxes 309 541 1,918 3,147
Income tax expense 53 122 420 663
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 256 419 1,498 2,484
Comprehensive income $ 1,083 $ 815 $ 2,885 $ 4,233


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

Net income (loss)	$	934	$	(40)	$	1,667	$	560

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities:
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)	533		2,359		(1,063)		1,784
Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)	0		3		0		(3)
Net changes in benefit plan assets and obligations	26		21		51		44
Net changes in unrealized foreign currency translation	40		52		66		(216)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes	599		2,435		(946)		1,609
Income tax expense (benefit)	121		504		(213)		367
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	478		1,931		(733)		1,242
Comprehensive income	$	1,412	$	1,891	$	934	$	1,802

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(in millions)

September 30,
2020 December 31,
2019
(Unaudited)
Assets
Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $67,736 and $65,281; allowance for expected credit losses of $4 at September 30, 2020) $ 72,574 $ 68,134
Equity securities, at fair value(cost $381 and $376)
410 425
Real estate investments 957 963
Short-term securities 6,329 4,943
Other investments 3,291 3,419
Total investments 83,561 77,884
Cash 583 494
Investment income accrued 554 618
Premiums receivable (net of allowance for expected credit
    losses of $96 at September 30, 2020)
8,225 7,909
Reinsurance recoverables (net of allowance for estimated uncollectible
  reinsurance of $140 at September 30, 2020)
8,317 8,235
Ceded unearned premiums 902 689
Deferred acquisition costs 2,406 2,273
Contractholder receivables (net of allowance for expected credit
   losses of $21 at September 30, 2020)
4,347 4,599
Goodwill 3,945 3,961
Other intangible assets 318 330
Other assets 3,226 3,130
Total assets $ 116,384 $ 110,122
Liabilities
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves $ 54,418 $ 51,849
Unearned premium reserves 15,542 14,604
Contractholder payables 4,368 4,619
Payables for reinsurance premiums 555 363
Deferred taxes 448 137
Debt 7,050 6,558
Other liabilities 6,154 6,049
Total liabilities 88,535 84,179
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock (1,750.0 shares authorized; 253.3 and 255.5 shares issued and outstanding) 23,646 23,469
Retained earnings 37,679 36,977
Accumulated other comprehensive income 2,138 640
Treasury stock, at cost (525.9 and 522.1 shares) (35,614) (35,143)
Total shareholders’ equity 27,849 25,943
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 116,384 $ 110,122


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $71,465 and $68,830; allowance for expected credit losses of $2 and $2)	$	75,576	$	74,003
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $394 and $387)	513		453
Real estate investments	1,015		1,026
Short-term securities	5,703		5,511
Other investments	3,738		3,430
Total investments	86,545		84,423
Cash	689		721
Investment income accrued	608		603
Premiums receivable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of $105 and $105)	8,555		7,829
Reinsurance recoverables (net of allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance of $135 and $146)	8,209		8,350
Ceded unearned premiums	1,080		772
Deferred acquisition costs	2,501		2,358

Contractholder receivables (net of allowance for expected credit losses of $19 and $19)	4,016		4,242
Goodwill	4,020		3,976
Other intangible assets	314		317
Other assets	3,222		3,173
Total assets	$	119,759	$	116,764

Liabilities
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	55,906	$	54,521
Unearned premium reserves	16,210		15,222
Contractholder payables	4,035		4,261
Payables for reinsurance premiums	638		356
Deferred taxes	415		558
Debt	7,290		6,550
Other liabilities	6,109		6,095
Total liabilities	90,603		87,563

Shareholders’ equity
Common stock (1,750.0 shares authorized; 249.5 and 252.4 shares issued and outstanding)	24,002		23,743
Retained earnings	39,998		38,771
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,769		2,502
Treasury stock, at cost (532.6 and 527.3 shares)	(36,613)		(35,815)
Total shareholders’ equity	29,156		29,201
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	119,759	$	116,764

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(in millions)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Common stock
Balance, beginning of period $ 23,606 $ 23,372 $ 23,469 $ 23,144
Employee share-based compensation 8 28 64 173
Compensation amortization under share-based plans and other changes 32 32 113 115
Balance, end of period 23,646 23,432 23,646 23,432
Retained earnings
Balance, beginning of period 37,069 36,135 36,977 35,204
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020
— — (43) —
Net income 827 396 1,387 1,749
Dividends (218) (215) (646) (636)
Other 1 1 4 0
Balance, end of period 37,679 36,317 37,679 36,317
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Balance, beginning of period 1,882 206 640 (1,859)
Other comprehensive income 256 419 1,498 2,484
Balance, end of period 2,138 625 2,138 625
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance, beginning of period (35,614) (34,392) (35,143) (33,595)
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorization 0 (375) (425) (1,125)
Net shares acquired related to employee share-based compensation plans 0 0 (46) (47)
Balance, end of period (35,614) (34,767) (35,614) (34,767)
Total shareholders’ equity $ 27,849 $ 25,607 $ 27,849 $ 25,607
Common shares outstanding
Balance, beginning of period 253.2 260.3 255.5 263.6
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorization 0 (2.5) (3.5) (8.0)
Net shares issued under employee share-based compensation plans 0.1 0.3 1.3 2.5
Balance, end of period 253.3 258.1 253.3 258.1


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

Common stock
Balance, beginning of period	$	23,905	$	23,542	$	23,743	$	23,469
Employee share-based compensation	61		29		169		56
Compensation amortization under share-based plans and other changes	36		35		90		81
Balance, end of period	24,002		23,606		24,002		23,606

Retained earnings
Balance, beginning of period	39,285		37,325		38,771		36,977
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020	—		—		—		(43)

Net income (loss)	934		(40)		1,667		560
Dividends	(224)		(218)		(440)		(428)
Other	3		2		0		3
Balance, end of period	39,998		37,069		39,998		37,069

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Balance, beginning of period	1,291		(49)		2,502		640


Other comprehensive income (loss)	478		1,931		(733)		1,242
Balance, end of period	1,769		1,882		1,769		1,882

Treasury stock, at cost
Balance, beginning of period	(36,212)		(35,614)		(35,815)		(35,143)
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorizations	(400)		0		(756)		(425)
Net shares acquired related to employee share-based compensation plans	(1)		0		(42)		(46)
Balance, end of period	(36,613)		(35,614)		(36,613)		(35,614)

Total shareholders’ equity	$	29,156	$	26,943	$	29,156	$	26,943

Common shares outstanding
Balance, beginning of period	251.5		252.8		252.4		255.5
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorizations	(2.6)		0		(5.0)		(3.5)
Net shares issued under employee share-based compensation plans	0.6		0.4		2.1		1.2
Balance, end of period	249.5		253.2		249.5		253.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(in millions)

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income $ 1,387 $ 1,749
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized investment (gains) losses 48 (101)
Depreciation and amortization 577 581
Deferred federal income tax benefit (67) (10)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 3,558 3,420
Equity in (income) loss from other investments 32 (196)
Premiums receivable (324) (611)
Reinsurance recoverables (150) 212
Deferred acquisition costs (3,694) (3,619)
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves 2,673 927
Unearned premium reserves 960 1,350
Other (382) 91
Net cash provided by operating activities 4,618 3,793
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturities 5,241 4,895
Proceeds from sales of investments:
Fixed maturities 1,994 1,801
Equity securities 76 99
Other investments 184 346
Purchases of investments:
Fixed maturities (9,951) (8,234)
Equity securities (80) (62)
Real estate investments (33) (95)
Other investments (321) (369)
Net purchases of short-term securities (1,387) (617)
Securities transactions in course of settlement 522 432
Other (222) (243)
Net cash used in investing activities (3,977) (2,047)
Cash flows from financing activities
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorization (425) (1,125)
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation (46) (47)
Dividends paid to shareholders (643) (633)
Payment of debt 0 (500)
Issuance of debt 490 492
Issuance of common stock — employee share options 72 206
Net cash used in financing activities (552) (1,607)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 0 (4)
Net increase in cash 89 135
Cash at beginning of year 494 373
Cash at end of period $ 583 $ 508
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Income taxes paid $ 413 $ 367
Interest paid $ 226 $ 231


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	1,667	$	560
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized investment (gains) losses	(105)		85
Depreciation and amortization	450		391
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit)	57		(71)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	2,461		2,351
Equity in (income) loss from other investments	(513)		186
Premiums receivable	(718)		(571)
Reinsurance recoverables	154		60
Deferred acquisition costs	(2,601)		(2,453)
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	1,313		1,455
Unearned premium reserves	968		643
Other	(94)		(344)
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,039		2,292
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturities	4,347		3,071
Proceeds from sales of investments:
Fixed maturities	2,482		1,220
Equity securities	45		54

Other investments	195		139
Purchases of investments:
Fixed maturities	(9,462)		(4,790)
Equity securities	(41)		(59)
Real estate investments	(14)		(24)
Other investments	(221)		(228)
Net purchases of short-term securities	(194)		(1,147)
Securities transactions in course of settlement	229		94
Acquisition, net of cash acquired	(38)		0
Other	(113)		(144)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,785)		(1,814)

Cash flows from financing activities
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorizations	(756)		(425)
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation	(42)		(46)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(436)		(426)

Issuance of debt	739		490
Issuance of common stock — employee share options	206		65
Net cash used in financing activities	(289)		(342)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	3		(7)
Net increase (decrease) in cash	(32)		129
Cash at beginning of year	721		494
Cash at end of period	$	689	$	623

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Income taxes paid	$	342	$	17
Interest paid	$	163	$	166

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Travelers Companies, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the Company). These financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and are unaudited. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been omitted. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2019~~2020 (the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report).

The preparation of the interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and claims and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. ~~Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2019 financial statements to conform to the 2020 presentation.~~

Adoption of Accounting Standards

~~Registered Debt Offerings that Include Credit Enhancements from an Affiliate~~

~~In March 2020,~~Income Taxes - Simplifying the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to the financial disclosure requirements related to certain debt securities, including registered debt securities issued by a wholly-owned, operating subsidiary that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the parent company. Prior to the amendments, a parent guarantor was required to provide condensed consolidating financial informationAccounting for so long as the guaranteed securities were outstanding, regardless of whether the subsidiary issuer could have suspended its public reporting obligations under the applicable SEC requirements with respect to the securities. In accordance with the amended requirements, a parent guarantor may cease providing the condensed consolidating financial information if the corresponding subsidiary issuer’s public reporting obligation is suspended. The amendments to the financial disclosure requirements are effective on January 4, 2021; however, the SEC permits voluntary compliance in advance of the effective date. The Company elected to apply the amended requirements beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and is no longer providing condensed consolidating financial information that resulted from the registered debt obligations of its subsidiaries, Travelers Property Casualty Corp. and Travelers Insurance Group Holdings Inc., that were disclosed in note 8 of the financial statements in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.

~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~Income Taxes

In ~~June 2016,~~December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued updated guidance for the accounting for ~~credit losses for financial instruments.~~income taxes. The updated guidance ~~applies a new credit loss model (current expected credit losses or CECL)~~is intended to simplify the accounting for ~~determining credit-related impairments for financial instruments measured at amortized cost (including reinsurance recoverables~~income taxes by removing several exceptions contained in existing guidance and ~~structured settlements that are recorded as part of reinsurance recoverables) and requires an entity~~amending other existing guidance to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. The expected credit losses, and subsequent adjustments to such losses, are recorded through an allowance account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the consolidated balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected.

The updated guidance also amends the previous other-than-temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities by requiring the recognition of impairments relating to credit losses through an allowance account and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. In addition, the length of time a security has been in an unrealized loss position will no longer impact the determination of whether a credit loss exists.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES, Continued~~

simplify several other income tax accounting matters. The Company adopted the updated guidance for the quarter ended March 31, ~~2020.~~ For available-for-sale debt securities, the updated guidance was applied prospectively. For financial instruments measured at amortized cost, the updated guidance was applied by a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2020, the beginning of the period of adoption.2021. The adoption of this guidance ~~resulted in~~did not have a material effect on the ~~recognition~~Company’s results of an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment of $43 million to reflect the impact of recognizing expected credit losses, as compared to incurred credit losses recognized under the previous guidance. This adjustment is primarily associated with structured settlements that are recorded as part of reinsurance recoverables. The cumulative effect adjustment decreased retained earnings as of January 1, 2020 and increased the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance.operations, financial position or liquidity.

For additional information regarding accounting standards that the Company adopted during the periods presented, see note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

~~Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted~~

For information regarding accounting standards that the Company has not yet adopted, see the “Other Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted” section of note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.

~~Accounting Policies~~

~~The following accounting policies have been updated to reflect the Company's adoption of~~ ~~Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~ ~~as described above.~~

~~Investment Impairments~~

~~The Company conducts a periodic review to identify and evaluate invested assets that may have credit impairments.~~

~~Credit Impairments of Fixed Maturity Investments~~

Some of the factors considered in assessing impairment of fixed maturity investments due to credit-related factors include: (1) the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost; (2) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects for the issuer, including the relevant industry conditions and trends, and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; (3) the likelihood of the recoverability of principal and interest; and (4) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment prior to an anticipated recovery in value.

~~Beginning on January 1, 2020, credit losses are recognized through an allowance account. See note 1 -~~ ~~Adoption of Accounting Standards - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments~~ ~~for additional information.~~

For fixed maturity investments that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company would not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the Company separates the credit loss component of the impairment from the amount related to all other factors and reports the credit loss component in net realized investment gains (losses). The impairment related to all other factors (non-credit factors) is reported in other comprehensive income. The allowance is adjusted for any additional credit losses and subsequent recoveries. Upon recognizing a credit loss, the cost basis is not adjusted.

For fixed maturity investments where the Company records a credit loss, a determination is made as to the cause of the impairment and whether the Company expects a recovery in the value. For fixed maturity investments where the Company expects a recovery in value, the constant effective yield method is utilized, and the investment is amortized to par.

For fixed maturity investments the Company intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the full amount of the impairment is included in net realized investment gains (losses). The new cost basis of the investment is the previous amortized cost basis less the impairment recognized in net realized investment gains (losses). The new cost basis is not adjusted for any subsequent recoveries in fair value.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES, Continued~~

The Company reports investment income accrued separately from fixed maturity investments, available for sale, and has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for investment income accrued. Investment income accrued is written off through net realized investment gains (losses) at the time the issuer of the bond defaults or is expected to default on payments.

~~Uncollectible available-for-sale debt securities are written-off when the Company determines that no additional payments of principal or interest will be received.~~

~~Reinsurance Recoverables~~

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the associated claim liability. Included in reinsurance recoverables are amounts related to certain structured settlements. The Company reports its reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. The allowance is based upon the Company’s ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length of collection periods, changes in reinsurer credit standing, disputes, applicable coverage defenses and other relevant factors. For structured settlements, the allowance is also based upon the Company’s ongoing review of life insurers’ creditworthiness and estimated amounts of coverage that would be available from state guaranty funds if a life insurer defaults. A probability-of-default methodology which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions is used to estimate the amount of uncollectible reinsurance due to credit-related factors and the estimate is reported in an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance. The allowance also includes estimated uncollectible amounts related to dispute risk with reinsurers. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including amounts due from known insolvent reinsurers, are written off against the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as any subsequent collections of amounts previously written off, are reported as part of claims and claim adjustment expenses. The Company evaluates and monitors the financial condition of its reinsurers under voluntary reinsurance arrangements to minimize its exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies.

~~Contractholder Receivables and Payables~~

Under certain workers’ compensation insurance contracts with deductible features, the Company is obligated to pay the claimant for the full amount of the claim. The Company is subsequently reimbursed by the policyholder for the deductible amount. These amounts are included on a gross basis in the consolidated balance sheet in both contractholder payables and contractholder receivables. Contractholder receivables are reported net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is based upon the Company’s ongoing review of amounts outstanding, changes in policyholder credit standing, and other relevant factors. A probability-of-default methodology which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions is used to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses.

~~Premiums and Unearned Premium Reserves~~

Premiums are recognized as revenues pro rata over the policy period. Unearned premium reserves represent the unexpired portion of policy premiums. Accrued retrospective premiums are included in premium balances receivable. Premium balances receivable are reported net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance is based upon the Company’s ongoing review of amounts outstanding, historical loss data, including delinquencies and write-offs, current and forecasted economic conditions and other relevant factors. Credit risk is partially mitigated by the Company’s ability to cancel the policy if the policyholder does not pay the premium.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Nature of Operations

The Company’s results are reported in the following 3 business segments — Business Insurance, Bond & Specialty Insurance and Personal Insurance. These segments reflect the manner in which the Company’s businesses are currently managed and represent an aggregation of products and services based on the type of customer, how the business is marketed and the manner in which risks are underwritten. For more information regarding the Company’s nature of operations, see the “Nature of Operations” section of note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION, Continued

The following tables summarize the components of the Company’s revenues, income (loss) and total assets by reportable business segments:


(For the three months ended September 30, in millions)		Business Insurance		Bond & Specialty Insurance		Personal Insurance		Total Reportable Segments
(For the three months ended June 30, in millions)										(For the three months ended June 30, in millions)	Business Insurance		Bond & Specialty Insurance		Personal Insurance		Total Reportable Segments

2021										2021
Premiums										Premiums	$	3,880	$	776	$	2,960	$	7,616
Net investment income										Net investment income	615		64		139		818
Fee income										Fee income	97		0		7		104
Other revenues										Other revenues	57		7		24		88
Total segment revenues (1)										Total segment revenues (1)	$	4,649	$	847	$	3,130	$	8,626
Segment income (1)										Segment income (1)	$	643	$	187	$	121	$	951

2020	2020									2020
Premiums	Premiums	$	3,841	$	723	$	2,816	$	7,380	Premiums	$	3,735	$	693	$	2,527	$	6,955
Net investment income	Net investment income	498		58		115		671		Net investment income	180		42		46		268
Fee income	Fee income	95		0		6		101		Fee income	108		0		6		114
Other revenues	Other revenues	58		7		21		86		Other revenues	36		5		10		51
Total segment revenues ⁽¹⁾	Total segment revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	4,492	$	788	$	2,958	$	8,238	Total segment revenues (1)	$	4,059	$	740	$	2,589	$	7,388
Segment income ⁽¹⁾		$	365	$	115	$	392	$	872

2019
Premiums		$	3,882	$	653	$	2,644	$	7,179
Net investment income		457		59		106		622
Fee income		114		0		7		121
Other revenues		39		7		22		68
Total segment revenues ⁽¹⁾		$	4,492	$	719	$	2,779	$	7,990
Segment income ⁽¹⁾		$	179	$	139	$	131	$	449
Segment income (loss) (1)										Segment income (loss) (1)	$	(58)	$	72	$	10	$	24

(1)Segment revenues for reportable business segments exclude net realized investment gains (losses) and revenues included in "interest expense and other." Segment income (loss) for reportable business segments equals net income (loss) excluding the after-tax impact of net realized investment gains (losses) and income (loss) from "interest expense and other."


(For the six months ended June 30, in millions)	Business Insurance		Bond & Specialty Insurance		Personal Insurance		Total Reportable Segments
2021
Premiums	$	7,679	$	1,519	$	5,804	$	15,002
Net investment income	1,138		123		258		1,519
Fee income	192		0		13		205
Other revenues	110		12		47		169
Total segment revenues (1)	$	9,119	$	1,654	$	6,122	$	16,895
Segment income (1)	$	960	$	324	$	435	$	1,719

2020
Premiums	$	7,599	$	1,360	$	5,225	$	14,184
Net investment income	633		97		149		879
Fee income	210		0		12		222
Other revenues	67		10		32		109
Total segment revenues (1)	$	8,509	$	1,467	$	5,418	$	15,394
Segment income (1)	$	231	$	194	$	346	$	771

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~2. SEGMENT INFORMATION, Continued~~

(For the nine months ended September 30, in millions) Business
Insurance Bond & Specialty
Insurance Personal
Insurance Total
Reportable
Segments
2020
Premiums $ 11,440 $ 2,083 $ 8,041 $ 21,564
Net investment income 1,131 155 264 1,550
Fee income 305 0 18 323
Other revenues 125 17 53 195
Total segment revenues ⁽¹⁾
$ 13,001 $ 2,255 $ 8,376 $ 23,632
Segment income ⁽¹⁾
$ 596 $ 309 $ 738 $ 1,643
2019
Premiums $ 11,407 $ 1,891 $ 7,724 $ 21,022
Net investment income 1,365 173 314 1,852
Fee income 329 0 17 346
Other revenues 112 19 65 196
Total segment revenues ⁽¹⁾
$ 13,213 $ 2,083 $ 8,120 $ 23,416
Segment income ⁽¹⁾
$ 944 $ 451 $ 497 $ 1,892

(1)Segment revenues for reportable business segments exclude net realized investment gains (losses) and revenues included in "interest expense and other." Segment income for reportable business segments equals net income excluding the after-tax impact of net realized investment gains (losses) and income (loss) from "interest expense and other."

129

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION, Continued

Business Segment Reconciliations

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenue reconciliation
Earned premiums
Business Insurance:
Domestic:
Workers’ compensation $ 851 $ 969 $ 2,568 $ 2,891
Commercial automobile 698 672 2,058 1,947
Commercial property 522 496 1,544 1,429
General liability 605 594 1,786 1,746
Commercial multi-peril 891 872 2,660 2,568
Other 15 12 38 29
Total Domestic 3,582 3,615 10,654 10,610
International 259 267 786 797
Total Business Insurance 3,841 3,882 11,440 11,407
Bond & Specialty Insurance:
Domestic:
Fidelity and surety 277 265 805 769
General liability 310 276 893 799
Other 60 54 178 159
Total Domestic 647 595 1,876 1,727
International 76 58 207 164
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance 723 653 2,083 1,891
Personal Insurance:
Domestic:
Automobile 1,391 1,344 3,896 3,962
Homeowners and Other 1,262 1,119 3,659 3,236
Total Domestic 2,653 2,463 7,555 7,198
International 163 181 486 526
Total Personal Insurance 2,816 2,644 8,041 7,724
Total earned premiums 7,380 7,179 21,564 21,022
Net investment income 671 622 1,550 1,852
Fee income 101 121 323 346
Other revenues 86 68 195 196
Total segment revenues 8,238 7,990 23,632 23,416
Other revenues 0 0 0 1
Net realized investment gains (losses) 37 23 (48) 101
Total revenues $ 8,275 $ 8,013 $ 23,584 $ 23,518
Income reconciliation, net of tax
Total segment income $ 872 $ 449 $ 1,643 $ 1,892
Interest Expense and Other ⁽¹⁾
(74) (71) (219) (222)
Core income 798 378 1,424 1,670
Net realized investment gains (losses) 29 18 (37) 79
Net income $ 827 $ 396 $ 1,387 $ 1,749


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenue reconciliation
Earned premiums
Business Insurance:
Domestic:
Workers’ compensation	$	810	$	818	$	1,621	$	1,717
Commercial automobile	709		676		1,404		1,360
Commercial property	556		514		1,087		1,022
General liability	618		580		1,225		1,181
Commercial multi-peril	899		883		1,769		1,769
Other	14		11		28		23
Total Domestic	3,606		3,482		7,134		7,072
International	274		253		545		527
Total Business Insurance	3,880		3,735		7,679		7,599
Bond & Specialty Insurance:
Domestic:
Fidelity and surety	276		271		542		528
General liability	347		296		678		583
Other	55		60		111		118
Total Domestic	678		627		1,331		1,229
International	98		66		188		131
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	776		693		1,519		1,360
Personal Insurance:
Domestic:
Automobile	1,405		1,154		2,775		2,505
Homeowners and Other	1,377		1,221		2,685		2,397
Total Domestic	2,782		2,375		5,460		4,902
International	178		152		344		323
Total Personal Insurance	2,960		2,527		5,804		5,225
Total earned premiums	7,616		6,955		15,002		14,184
Net investment income	818		268		1,519		879
Fee income	104		114		205		222
Other revenues	88		51		169		109
Total segment revenues	8,626		7,388		16,895		15,394
Other revenues	0		0		0		0
Net realized investment gains (losses)	61		13		105		(85)
Total revenues	$	8,687	$	7,401	$	17,000	$	15,309
Income reconciliation, net of tax
Total segment income	$	951	$	24	$	1,719	$	771
Interest Expense and Other (1)	(72)		(74)		(141)		(145)
Core income (loss)	879		(50)		1,578		626
Net realized investment gains (losses)	47		10		81		(66)
Impact of changes in tax laws and/or tax rates (2)	8		0		8		0
Net income (loss)	$	934	$	(40)	$	1,667	$	560

(1) The primary component of Interest Expense and Other was after-tax interest expense of ~~$69~~$65 million and ~~$66~~$67 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and ~~$202~~$130 million and ~~$206~~$133 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively.

(2) Impact is recognized in the accounting period in which the change is enacted.

1310

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION, Continued


(in millions)	(in millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		(in millions)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Asset reconciliation	Asset reconciliation					Asset reconciliation
Business Insurance	Business Insurance	$	88,040	$	83,896	Business Insurance	$	90,219	$	88,422
Bond & Specialty Insurance	Bond & Specialty Insurance	9,483		8,599		Bond & Specialty Insurance	10,073		9,420
Personal Insurance	Personal Insurance	18,230		17,015		Personal Insurance	18,846		18,328
Total assets by reportable segment	Total assets by reportable segment	115,753		109,510		Total assets by reportable segment	119,138		116,170
Other assets ⁽¹⁾	Other assets ⁽¹⁾	631		612		Other assets (1)	621		594
Total consolidated assets	Total consolidated assets	$	116,384	$	110,122	Total consolidated assets	$	119,759	$	116,764

_________________________________________________________

(1)The primary components of other assets at both ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were accrued over-funded benefit plan assets related to the Company’s qualified domestic pension plan and other intangible assets.

3. INVESTMENTS

Fixed Maturities

The amortized cost and fair value of investments in fixed maturities classified as available for sale were as follows:

Amortized Cost Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Gross Unrealized Fair Value
(at September 30, 2020, in millions) Gains Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities $ 2,083 $ 0 $ 43 $ 0 $ 2,126
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:
Local general obligation 17,019 0 1,267 8 18,278
Revenue 11,871 0 829 6 12,694
State general obligation 1,160 0 91 0 1,251
Pre-refunded 2,458 0 160 0 2,618
Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 32,508 0 2,347 14 34,841
Debt securities issued by foreign governments 952 0 27 0 979
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities 2,572 0 158 0 2,730
All other corporate bonds 29,599 4 2,314 35 31,874
Redeemable preferred stock 22 0 2 0 24
Total $ 67,736 $ 4 $ 4,891 $ 49 $ 72,574


	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
(at June 30, 2021, in millions)					Gains		Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	3,560	$	0	$	38	$	8	$	3,590
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:
Local general obligation	17,590		0		1,188		24		18,754
Revenue	11,048		0		787		12		11,823
State general obligation	1,324		0		85		1		1,408
Pre-refunded	3,482		0		205		0		3,687
Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	33,444		0		2,265		37		35,672
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	1,024		0		15		3		1,036
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	1,722		0		99		1		1,820
All other corporate bonds	31,703		2		1,813		70		33,444
Redeemable preferred stock	12		0		2		0		14
Total	$	71,465	$	2	$	4,232	$	119	$	75,576

1411

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

3. INVESTMENTS, Continued


		Amortized		Gross Unrealized							Fair			Amortized Cost			Allowance for Expected Credit Losses				Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
(at December 31, 2019, in millions)		Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
(at December 31, 2020, in millions)										(at December 31, 2020, in millions)		Amortized Cost				Allowance for Expected Credit Losses					Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	2,076	$	19	$	0	$	2,095	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities				$	38				$	0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:									Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions:
Local general obligation	Local general obligation	15,490		829		4		16,315		Local general obligation		17,289		0			1,370				2		18,657
Revenue	Revenue	9,731		586		2		10,315		Revenue		11,806		0			909				0		12,715
State general obligation	State general obligation	1,167		64		0		1,231		State general obligation		1,343		0			101				0		1,444
Pre-refunded	Pre-refunded	1,968		88		0		2,056		Pre-refunded		3,325		0			219				0		3,544
Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	28,356		1,567		6		29,917		Total obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions		33,763		0			2,599				2		36,360
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	Debt securities issued by foreign governments	1,167		8		2		1,173		Debt securities issued by foreign governments		1,028		0			26				0		1,054
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	3,192		91		3		3,280		Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities		2,222		0			139				0		2,361
All other corporate bonds	All other corporate bonds	30,442		1,195		18		31,619		All other corporate bonds		29,683		2			2,382				9		32,054
Redeemable preferred stock	Redeemable preferred stock	48		2		0		50		Redeemable preferred stock		23		0			2				0		25
Total	Total	$	65,281	$	2,882	$	29	$	68,134	Total		$	68,830	$	2		$	5,186			$	11	$	74,003

Pre-refunded bonds of ~~$2.62~~$3.69 billion and ~~$2.06~~$3.54 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, were bonds for which states or municipalities have established irrevocable trusts, almost exclusively comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities. These trusts were created to fund the payment of principal and interest due under the bonds.

Proceeds from sales of fixed maturities classified as available for sale were ~~$1.99~~$2.48 billion and ~~$1.80~~$1.22 billion during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Gross gains of ~~$52~~$43 million and ~~$51~~$31 million and gross losses of $3$5 million and $6$1 million were realized on those sales during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

Equity Securities

The cost and fair value of investments in equity securities were as follows:


							Fair
(at June 30, 2021, in millions)	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Value
Public common stock	$	359	$	111	$	3	$	467
Non-redeemable preferred stock	35		11		0		46
Total	$	394	$	122	$	3	$	513

Fair
(at September 30, 2020, in millions) Cost Gross Gains Gross Losses Value
Public common stock $ 346 $ 44 $ 22 $ 368
Non-redeemable preferred stock 35 8 1 42
Total $ 381 $ 52 $ 23 $ 410

Fair
(at December 31, 2019, in millions) Cost Gross Gains Gross Losses Value
Public common stock $ 341 $ 45 $ 3 $ 383
Non-redeemable preferred stock 35 7 0 42
Total $ 376 $ 52 $ 3 $ 425


							Fair
(at December 31, 2020, in millions)	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Value
Public common stock	$	352	$	70	$	12	$	410
Non-redeemable preferred stock	35		8		0		43
Total	$	387	$	78	$	12	$	453

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, the Company recognized ~~$(14)~~$51 million and ~~$49~~$(33) million of net gains (losses) on equity securities still held as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Net realized ~~investment~~ losses on equity securities still held for the first ~~nine~~six months of 2020 were driven by the impact of changes in fair value attributable to the ~~volatility~~disruption in global financial markets associated with the global pandemic beginning in March ~~2020 related to the novel coronavirus COVID-19.~~2020.

1512

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

3. INVESTMENTS, Continued

Unrealized Investment Losses

The following tables summarize, for all ~~investments~~fixed maturities classified as available for sale in an unrealized loss position at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time those securities have been continuously in an unrealized loss position. The fair value amounts reported in the tables are estimates that are prepared using the process described in note 4 herein and in note 4 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report. The Company also relies upon estimates of several ~~credit and non-credit~~ factors in its review and evaluation of individual investments, using the process described in note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report to determine whether a credit loss impairment exists.


		Less than 12 months						12 months or longer							Total							Less than 12 months				12 months or longer		Total
(at September 30, 2020, in millions)		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(at June 30, 2021, in millions)														(at June 30, 2021, in millions)		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed maturities	Fixed maturities													Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	169	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	169	$	0	U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities		$	451	$	8	$	0	$	0	$	451	$	8
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,751		14		0		0		1,751		14		Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions		2,719		37		0		0		2,719		37
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	Debt securities issued by foreign governments	14		0		0		0		14		0		Debt securities issued by foreign governments		273		3		0		0		273		3
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	11		0		1		0		12		0		Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities		45		1		1		0		46		1
All other corporate bonds	All other corporate bonds	1,095		28		120		7		1,215		35		All other corporate bonds		3,007		68		64		2		3,071		70

Total	Total	$	3,040	$	42	$	121	$	7	$	3,161	$	49	Total		$	6,495	$	117	$	65	$	2	$	6,560	$	119

Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
(at December 31, 2019, in millions) Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities $ 5 $ 0 $ 193 $ 0 $ 198 $ 0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 668 6 12 0 680 6
Debt securities issued by foreign governments 257 1 147 1 404 2
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities 399 2 131 1 530 3
All other corporate bonds 1,571 10 662 8 2,233 18
Total $ 2,900 $ 19 $ 1,145 $ 10 $ 4,045 $ 29


	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(at December 31, 2020, in millions)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	92	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	92	$	0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	245		2		0		0		245		2
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	7		0		0		0		7		0
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	20		0		1		0		21		0
All other corporate bonds	681		6		97		3		778		9
Total	$	1,045	$	8	$	98	$	3	$	1,143	$	11

At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the ~~amount of gross unrealized losses for all~~Company had 0 fixed maturity investments reported at fair value for which fair value was less than 80% of amortized ~~cost was not significant.~~cost.

1613

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

3. INVESTMENTS, Continued

Credit Impairment Charges

The following tables present changes in the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities classified as available for ~~sale:~~sale for the category of All Other Corporate Bonds (no other categories of fixed maturities currently have an allowance for expected credit losses):

Fixed Maturities
(for the three months ended September 30, 2020 in millions) Mortgage-Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Pass-Through Securities All Other Corporate Bonds Total
Balance, July 1, 2020 $ 0 $ 8 $ 8
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized 0 1 1
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized 0 (3) (3)
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities 0 (2) (2)
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell ⁽¹⁾
0 0 0
Balance, September 30, 2020 $ 0 $ 4 $ 4

Fixed Maturities
(for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in millions) Mortgage-Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Pass-Through Securities All Other Corporate Bonds Total
Balance, January 1, 2020 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized 0 9 9
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized 0 (3) (3)
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities 0 (2) (2)
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell ⁽¹⁾
0 0 0
Balance, September 30, 2020 $ 0 $ 4 $ 4

~~_________________________________________________________~~


	Fixed Maturities
	At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021		At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	All Other Corporate Bonds		All Other Corporate Bonds

Balance, beginning of period	$	2	$	4
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized	1		4
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized	(1)		0
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities	0		0
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell (1)	0		0
Balance, end of period	$	2	$	8

(1)Credit impairment charges recognized in net realized investment gains (losses) for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020 included ~~$14~~$0 million and $2 million, respectively, of credit losses on fixed maturity securities which the Company ~~intends~~had the intent to sell. An allowance for expected credit losses was not previously recorded for these securities.


	Fixed Maturities
	At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021		At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	All Other Corporate Bonds			All Other Corporate Bonds

Balance, beginning of period	$	2		$	0
Additions for expected credit losses on securities where no credit losses were previously recognized	1			8
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized	(1)			0
Reductions due to sales/defaults of credit-impaired securities	0			0
Reductions for impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell (1)	0			0
Balance, end of period	$	2		$	8

(1)Credit impairment charges recognized in net realized investment gains (losses) for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 included $0 million and $14 million, respectively, of credit losses on fixed maturity securities which the Company had the intent to sell. An allowance for expected credit losses was not previously recorded for these securities.

Total net credit impairment charges ~~(recoveries)~~ included in net realized investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of income (loss) were ~~$(4)~~$0 million and $0$46 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively and ~~$58~~$0 million and $2$62 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019,~~ respectively. Additionally, net realized investment gains (losses) in the first nine months of 2020 included $40 million of realized losses related to the other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of an equity method investment included in other investments. Credit losses related to the fixed maturity portfolio for the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 represented less than 1% of the fixed maturity portfolio on a pre-tax basis and less than 1% of shareholders’ equity on an after-tax ~~basis at both September 30, 2020 and 2019.~~basis.

1714

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

3. INVESTMENTS, Continued

Other Investments

Included in other investments are private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and typically report their financial statement information to the Company one month to three months following the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, ~~the impact of any volatility in global financial markets, including the impact of COVID-19 during 2020, on~~ net investment income from these other investments is generally reflected in the Company's financial statements on a quarter lag basis.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s estimates of fair value for financial assets and financial liabilities are based on the framework established in the fair value accounting guidance. The framework is based on the inputs used in valuation, gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and requires that observable inputs be used in the valuations when available. The disclosure of fair value estimates in the fair value accounting guidance hierarchy is based on whether the significant inputs into the valuation are observable. In determining the level of the hierarchy in which the estimate is disclosed, the highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s significant market assumptions. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is reported is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access.

•Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 - Valuations based on models where significant inputs are not observable. The unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use.

Valuation of Investments Reported at Fair Value in Financial Statements

The Company utilized a pricing service to estimate fair value measurements for approximately 99% of its fixed maturities at both ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

While the vast majority of the Company’s fixed maturities are included in Level 2, the Company holds a number of municipal bonds and corporate bonds which are not valued by the pricing service and ~~also~~ estimates the fair value of these bonds using either another internal pricing matrix, ~~that includes~~a present value income approach, or a broker quote (collectively, the other methodologies). The other methodologies include some unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation. Due to the limited amount of observable market information available in the estimation of fair value, the Company includes the fair value estimates for ~~these particular~~ bonds that are valued using the other methodologies in Level 3. The fair value of the fixed maturities for which the Company used this internal pricing matrix was $89 million and $73 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, the Company holds a small amount of other fixed maturity investments that have characteristics that make them unsuitable for matrix pricing. For these fixed maturities, the Company obtains a quote from a broker (primarily the market maker). The fair value of the fixed maturities for which the Company received a broker quote was $3 million and $28 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Due to the disclaimers on the quotes that indicate that the price is indicative only, the Company includes these fair value estimates in Level 3.

For more information regarding the valuation of the Company’s fixed maturities, equity securities and other investments, see note 4 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

Other Liabilities

The Company has a put/call option that was entered into in connection with a business acquisition that allows the Company to acquire the remaining shares of the acquired company at a future date. The fair value of the put/call option at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 was $7$4 million and $8$5 million, respectively, and was determined using an internal model and is based on

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, Continued~~

the acquired company's financial performance, adjusted for a risk margin and discounted to present value. The Company includes the fair value estimate of the put/call option in Level 3.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities are measured on a recurring basis.

(at September 30, 2020, in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Invested assets:
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities $ 2,126 $ 2,126 $ 0 $ 0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 34,841 0 34,830 11
Debt securities issued by foreign governments 979 0 979 0
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities 2,730 0 2,730 0
All other corporate bonds 31,874 6 31,787 81
Redeemable preferred stock 24 0 24 0
Total fixed maturities 72,574 2,132 70,350 92
Equity securities
Public common stock 368 368 0 0
Non-redeemable preferred stock 42 21 21 0
Total equity securities 410 389 21 0
Other investments 48 14 0 34
Total $ 73,032 $ 2,535 $ 70,371 $ 126
Other liabilities $ 7 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7

1915

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, Continued

(at December 31, 2019, in millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Invested assets:
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities $ 2,095 $ 2,095 $ 0 $ 0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 29,917 0 29,905 12
Debt securities issued by foreign governments 1,173 0 1,173 0
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities 3,280 0 3,280 0
All other corporate bonds 31,619 0 31,530 89
Redeemable preferred stock 50 0 50 0
Total fixed maturities 68,134 2,095 65,938 101
Equity securities
Public common stock 383 383 0 0
Non-redeemable preferred stock 42 13 29 0
Total equity securities 425 396 29 0
Other investments 36 16 0 20
Total $ 68,595 $ 2,507 $ 65,967 $ 121
Other liabilities $ 8 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8


(at June 30, 2021, in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Invested assets:
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	3,590	$	3,590	$	0	$	0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	35,672		0		35,668		4
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	1,036		0		1,036		0
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	1,820		0		1,806		14
All other corporate bonds	33,444		0		33,299		145
Redeemable preferred stock	14		0		14		0
Total fixed maturities	75,576		3,590		71,823		163
Equity securities
Public common stock	467		467		0		0
Non-redeemable preferred stock	46		21		25		0
Total equity securities	513		488		25		0
Other investments	53		18		0		35
Total	$	76,142	$	4,096	$	71,848	$	198

Other liabilities	$	4	$	0	$	0	$	4


(at December 31, 2020, in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Invested assets:
Fixed maturities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	2,149	$	2,149	$	0	$	0
Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions	36,360		0		36,349		11
Debt securities issued by foreign governments	1,054		0		1,054		0
Mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through securities	2,361		0		2,361		0
All other corporate bonds	32,054		0		31,899		155
Redeemable preferred stock	25		3		22		0
Total fixed maturities	74,003		2,152		71,685		166
Equity securities
Public common stock	410		410		0		0
Non-redeemable preferred stock	43		18		25		0
Total equity securities	453		428		25		0
Other investments	52		17		0		35
Total	$	74,508	$	2,597	$	71,710	$	201

Other liabilities	$	5	$	0	$	0	$	5

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, Continued

There was no significant activity in Level 3 of the hierarchy during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 or the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value

The following tables present the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities disclosed, but not carried, at fair value, and the level within the fair value hierarchy at which such assets and liabilities are categorized.


(at June 30, 2021, in millions)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Short-term securities	$	5,703	$	5,703	$	831	$	4,814	$	58
Financial liabilities
Debt	$	7,190	$	9,258	$	0	$	9,258	$	0
Commercial paper	$	100	$	100	$	0	$	100	$	0

(at September 30, 2020, in millions) Carrying
Value Fair
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets
Short-term securities $ 6,329 $ 6,329 $ 977 $ 5,307 $ 45
Financial liabilities
Debt $ 6,950 $ 9,083 $ 0 $ 9,083 $ 0
Commercial paper $ 100 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0

(at December 31, 2019, in millions) Carrying
Value Fair
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets
Short-term securities $ 4,943 $ 4,943 $ 685 $ 4,204 $ 54
Financial liabilities
Debt $ 6,458 $ 8,049 $ 0 $ 8,049 $ 0
Commercial paper $ 100 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0


(at December 31, 2020, in millions)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Short-term securities	$	5,511	$	5,511	$	630	$	4,829	$	52
Financial liabilities
Debt	$	6,450	$	8,976	$	0	$	8,976	$	0
Commercial paper	$	100	$	100	$	0	$	100	$	0

The Company had no material assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 or the year ended December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

5. ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES

Premiums Receivable

The following tables present the balances of premiums receivable, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~January 1,~~ 2020, and the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three ~~months~~ and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Balance, beginning of period	$	8,167	$	110	$	8,202	$	78

Current period change for expected credit losses			14				24
Write-offs of uncollectible premiums receivable			19				8

Balance, end of period	$	8,555	$	105	$	8,459	$	94

At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 At and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in millions) Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Balance, beginning of period $ 8,459 $ 94 $ 7,909 $ 49
Current period change for expected credit losses 17 84
Write-offs of uncollectible premiums receivable 15 37
Balance, end of period $ 8,225 $ 96 $ 8,225 $ 96

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

5. ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES, Continued


	At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Premiums Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Balance, beginning of period	$	7,829	$	105	$	7,909	$	49

Current period change for expected credit losses			30				67
Write-offs of uncollectible premiums receivable			30				22

Balance, end of period	$	8,555	$	105	$	8,459	$	94

Reinsurance Recoverables

The following tables present the balances of reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~January 1,~~ 2020, and the changes in the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance for the three ~~months~~ and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance

Balance, beginning of period	$	8,345	$	142	$	8,152	$	149


Current period change for estimated uncollectible reinsurance			(7)				7
Write-offs of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables			0				0
Balance, end of period	$	8,209	$	135	$	8,093	$	156


		At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020						At and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020							At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	(in millions)	Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		(in millions)	Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Reinsurance Recoverables, Net of Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance		Allowance for Estimated Uncollectible Reinsurance

Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	$	8,093	$	156	$	8,235	$	92	Balance, beginning of period	$	8,350	$	146	$	8,235	$	92

Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020	Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020			—				53		Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020			—				53
Current period change for estimated uncollectible reinsurance	Current period change for estimated uncollectible reinsurance			(16)				(5)		Current period change for estimated uncollectible reinsurance			(11)				11
Write-offs of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables	Write-offs of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables			0				0		Write-offs of uncollectible reinsurance recoverables			0				0
Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	8,317	$	140	$	8,317	$	140	Balance, end of period	$	8,209	$	135	$	8,093	$	156

Of the total reinsurance recoverables at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, after deducting mandatory pools and associations and before allowances for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, ~~$5.82~~$5.72 billion, or ~~88%~~87%, were rated by A.M. Best Company. The Company utilizes updated A.M. Best credit ratings on a quarterly basis when determining the allowance. Of the total rated by A.M. Best

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

5. ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES, Continued

Company, ~~93%~~94% were rated A- or better. The remaining ~~12%~~13% of reinsurance recoverables were comprised of the following: 6% related to captive insurance companies, 1% related to the Company’s participation in voluntary pools, and ~~5% were~~6% related to balances ~~from other~~of companies not rated by A.M. Best Company. Certain of the Company's reinsurance recoverables are collateralized by letters of credit, funds held or trust agreements.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~5. ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES, Continued~~

Contractholder Receivables

The following tables present the balances of contractholder receivables, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~January 1,~~ 2020, and the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three ~~months~~ and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020.


		At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020						At and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020							At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	(in millions)	Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		(in millions)	Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Balance, beginning of period	Balance, beginning of period	$	4,314	$	22	$	4,599	$	20	Balance, beginning of period	$	4,271	$	19	$	4,634	$	20

Current period change for expected credit losses	Current period change for expected credit losses			0				2		Current period change for expected credit losses			0				2
Write-offs of uncollectible contractholder receivables	Write-offs of uncollectible contractholder receivables			1				1		Write-offs of uncollectible contractholder receivables			0				0

Balance, end of period	Balance, end of period	$	4,347	$	21	$	4,347	$	21	Balance, end of period	$	4,016	$	19	$	4,314	$	22


	At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021				At and For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in millions)	Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Contractholder Receivables, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Balance, beginning of period	$	4,242	$	19	$	4,599	$	20

Current period change for expected credit losses			0				2
Write-offs of uncollectible contractholder receivables			0				0

Balance, end of period	$	4,016	$	19	$	4,314	$	22

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The following table presents the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill by segment. Each reportable segment includes goodwill associated with the Company’s international business which is subject to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.


(in millions)	(in millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		(in millions)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Business Insurance	Business Insurance	$	2,589	$	2,601	Business Insurance	$	2,619	$	2,613
Bond & Specialty Insurance	Bond & Specialty Insurance	550		550		Bond & Specialty Insurance	550		550
Personal Insurance(1)	Personal Insurance(1)	780		784		Personal Insurance(1)	825		787
Other	Other	26		26		Other	26		26
Total	Total	$	3,945	$	3,961	Total	$	4,020	$	3,976

_________________________________________________________

(1) Goodwill at June 30, 2021 included approximately $33 million associated with a business acquired in the first quarter of 2021, which is deductible for tax purposes.

Other Intangible Assets

The following tables present a summary of the Company’s other intangible assets by major asset class.

(at September 30, 2020, in millions) Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Net
Subject to amortization
Customer-related $ 98 $ 28 $ 70
Contract-based ⁽¹⁾
204 182 22
Total subject to amortization 302 210 92
Not subject to amortization 226 — 226
Total $ 528 $ 210 $ 318

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~


(at June 30, 2021, in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Subject to amortization
Customer-related	$	105	$	37	$	68
Contract-based (1)	205		186		19
Total subject to amortization	310		223		87
Not subject to amortization	227		—		227
Total	$	537	$	223	$	314

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, Continued~~


(at December 31, 2019, in millions)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
(at December 31, 2020, in millions)								(at December 31, 2020, in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Subject to amortization	Subject to amortization							Subject to amortization
Customer-related	Customer-related	$	99	$	21	$	78	Customer-related	$	101	$	31	$	70
Contract-based ⁽¹⁾	Contract-based ⁽¹⁾	205		179		26		Contract-based (1)	205		184		21
Total subject to amortization	Total subject to amortization	304		200		104		Total subject to amortization	306		215		91
Not subject to amortization	Not subject to amortization	226		—		226		Not subject to amortization	226		—		226
Total	Total	$	530	$	200	$	330	Total	$	532	$	215	$	317

_________________________________________________________

(1)Contract-based intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of fair value adjustments on claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, reinsurance recoverables and other contract-related intangible assets. Fair value adjustments recorded in connection with insurance acquisitions were based on management’s estimate of nominal claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The method used calculated a risk adjustment to a risk-free discounted reserve that would, if reserves ran off as expected, produce results that yielded the assumed cost-of-capital on the capital supporting the loss reserves. The fair value adjustments are reported as other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and the amounts measured in accordance with the acquirer’s accounting policies for insurance contracts have been reported as part of the claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and reinsurance recoverables. The intangible assets are being recognized into income over the expected payment pattern. Because the time value of money and the risk adjustment (cost of capital) components of the intangible assets run off at different rates, the amount recognized in income may be a net benefit in some periods and a net expense in other periods.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, Continued

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $4$3 million for each of the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, and ~~2019, and $11 million and $12~~$7 million for each of the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019, respectively.~~2020. Amortization expense for all intangible assets subject to amortization is estimated to be $4$7 million for the remainder of ~~2020,~~2021, $14 million in ~~2021,~~2022, $13 million in ~~2022, $12~~2023, $13 million in ~~2023~~2024 and $12 million in ~~2024.~~2025. Amortization expense for intangible assets arising from insurance contracts acquired in a business combination is estimated to be $1$2 million for the remainder of ~~2020, $4 million in~~ 2021, $3 million in 2022, $3 million in 2023, $2 million in 2024 and $2 million in ~~2024.~~2025.

7. INSURANCE CLAIM RESERVES

Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves were as follows:

(in millions) September 30,
2020 December 31,
2019
Property-casualty $ 54,406 $ 51,836
Accident and health 12 13
Total $ 54,418 $ 51,849


(in millions)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Property-casualty	$	55,895	$	54,510
Accident and health	11		11
Total	$	55,906	$	54,521

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~7. INSURANCE CLAIM RESERVES, Continued~~

The following table presents a reconciliation of beginning and ending property casualty reserve balances for claims and claim adjustment expenses:

Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves at beginning of year $ 51,836 $ 50,653
Less reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses 8,035 8,182
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020
53 —
Net reserves at beginning of year 43,854 42,471
Estimated claims and claim adjustment expenses for claims arising in the current year 14,809 14,193
Estimated increase (decrease) in claims and claim adjustment expenses for claims arising in prior years (108) 214
Total increases 14,701 14,407
Claims and claim adjustment expense payments for claims arising in:
Current year 4,960 5,174
Prior years 7,246 8,034
Total payments 12,206 13,208
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss (62) 12
Net reserves at end of period 46,287 43,682
Plus reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses 8,119 7,916
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves at end of period $ 54,406 $ 51,598


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves at beginning of year	$	54,510	$	51,836
Less reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses	8,153		8,035
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020	—		53
Net reserves at beginning of year	46,357		43,854

Estimated claims and claim adjustment expenses for claims arising in the current year	10,430		9,826
Estimated increase (decrease) in claims and claim adjustment expenses for claims arising in prior years	(459)		16
Total increases	9,971		9,842

Claims and claim adjustment expense payments for claims arising in:
Current year	3,113		2,664
Prior years	5,274		5,674
Total payments	8,387		8,338
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss	53		(137)
Net reserves at end of period	47,994		45,221
Plus reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses	7,901		7,876
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves at end of period	$	55,895	$	53,097

Gross claims and claim adjustment expense reserves at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 increased by ~~$2.57~~$1.39 billion from December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020,~~2021, (ii) loss cost trends for the current accident year and (iii) reduced claim settlement activity largely due to the disruptions in the judicial system related to COVID-19.

Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020 increased~~2021 decreased by ~~$84~~$252 million from December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of ~~catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 and the asbestos reserve increase in the third quarter of 2020, partially offset by~~ cash collections in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 and the $53 million increase~~2021, partially offset by catastrophe losses in the ~~allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance from the~~ ~~cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses~~ ~~at January 1, 2020.~~same period.

Beginning in late March, in response to COVID-19, a number of states have enacted changes designed to effectively expand workers’ compensation coverage by creating a presumption of compensability for certain types of workers. In addition, other states are considering similar changes. Depending on the number of states that institute such changes and the terms of the changes, the Company could experience elevated claims frequency and severity for its workers’ compensation line, which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.

PG&E Corporation and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (together, PG&E) emerged from bankruptcy on July 1, 2020, the date the Debtors' and Shareholder Proponents' Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization Dated June 19, 2020 (the Plan) became effective. In accordance with the terms of the Plan, PG&E funded a trust from which the Company and other subrogation claimants have received, and/or will receive, recoveries related to the 2017 and 2018 California wildfires. In the third quarter of 2020, the Company recognized a subrogation benefit related to these claims of $403 million (the Company's estimate of its total recoveries from the trust prior to its expiration in 2025, pre-tax and net of expenses and amounts that inure to the benefit of the Company's reinsurers) and received payments from the trust of $366 million.

2421

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

7. INSURANCE CLAIM RESERVES, Continued

Prior Year Reserve Development

The following disclosures regarding reserve development are on a “net of reinsurance” basis.

For the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, estimated claims and claim adjustment expenses incurred included ~~$108~~$459 million and ~~$(214)~~$(16) million, respectively, of net favorable (unfavorable) development for claims arising in prior years, including ~~$171~~$499 million and ~~$(120)~~$29 million, respectively, of net favorable ~~(unfavorable)~~ prior year reserve development, and ~~$36~~$24 million ~~and $37 million, respectively,~~ of accretion of discount in each period that impacted the Company's results of operations.

Business Insurance. Net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 totaled ~~$220~~$73 million, primarily driven ~~by:~~

•~~Asbestos reserves~~ ~~- an increase of $295 million, primarily in the segment's domestic general liability product line;~~

•~~General liability (excluding asbestos and environmental)~~ - higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for primary and excess coverages primarily due to an increase to the reserves in the Company's run-off operations related to a single insured arising out of policies issued more than 20 years ago; and

•~~Commercial multi-peril (excluding PG&E subrogation recoveries and asbestos and environmental)~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years.~~

~~Partially offset by:~~

•~~PG&E subrogation recoveries~~ -~~$81 million of recoveries described above; and~~

•~~Workers' compensation~~ -by better than expected loss experience in ~~the segment's~~ domestic operations ~~for multiple accident years.~~

~~Net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~ in the ~~third quarter of 2019 totaled $316 million, primarily driven by:~~

•~~Asbestos reserves~~ ~~- an increase of $220 million, primarily in the segment's domestic general liability~~workers' compensation product ~~line;~~

•~~Commercial automobile~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years.~~

~~Partially offset by:~~

•~~Workers' compensation~~ ~~- better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years.~~

~~Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2020 totaled $215 million, primarily driven by:~~

•~~Asbestos reserves~~ ~~- the increase of $295 million, primarily in the segment's domestic general liability product line;~~

•~~Commercial automobile~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years; and~~

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~7. INSURANCE CLAIM RESERVES, Continued~~

~~Partially offset by:~~

•~~Workers' compensation~~ ~~- better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for multiple accident years;~~

•~~Commercial property (excluding PG&E subrogation recoveries)~~ -~~better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for multiple accident years; and~~

•~~PG&E subrogation recoveries~~ -~~$81 million of recoveries described above.~~

~~Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2019 totaled $266 million, primarily driven by:~~

•~~General liability (excluding asbestos and environmental)~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for primary and excess coverages~~line for multiple accident years, ~~including the impact of the enactment of legislation~~partially offset by ~~a number of states, which extended the statute of limitations for childhood sexual molestation claims;~~

•~~Asbestos reserves~~ ~~- the increase of $220 million, primarily in the segment's domestic general liability product line;~~

•~~Commercial automobile~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years;~~

•~~Environmental reserves~~ - an increase ~~of $68 million, primarily~~ in ~~the segment's domestic general liability product line; and~~

•~~Commercial multi-peril~~ ~~- higher than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years.~~

~~Partially offset by:~~

•~~Workers' compensation~~ ~~- better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for multiple accident years; and~~

•~~Commercial property~~ ~~- better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations for recent accident years.~~

~~Bond & Specialty Insurance.~~ reserves related to run-off operations. There was 0 net prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~2020, which reflected better than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the ~~first nine months of 2020 totaled $33 million, primarily driven~~workers' compensation and commercial property product lines for multiple accident years, offset by higher than expected loss experience in domestic operations for primary and excess coverages in the ~~segment's~~general liability (excluding asbestos and environmental) product line for multiple accident years and higher than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the ~~general liability~~commercial multi-peril product line for recent accident years.

Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~first six months of 2021 totaled $207 million, primarily driven by better than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the workers' compensation product line for multiple accident years and in the commercial property and commercial automobile product lines for recent accident years, partially offset by an increase in reserves related to run-off operations and an increase to environmental reserves. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first six months of 2020 totaled $5 million, primarily driven by better than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the workers' compensation and commercial property product lines for multiple accident years, largely offset by higher than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the commercial automobile and commercial multi-peril product lines for recent accident years and higher than expected loss experience in domestic operations for primary and excess coverages in the general liability (excluding asbestos and environmental) product line for multiple accident years.

Bond & Specialty Insurance. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2019~~2021 totaled $3$44 million and ~~$45~~$59 million, respectively, primarily driven by better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations in the fidelity and surety product lines for recent accident years. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in both of the second quarter and first six months of 2020 was $33 million, primarily driven by higher than expected loss experience in domestic operations in the general liability product line for ~~multiple~~recent accident years.

Personal Insurance. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 totaled ~~$362~~$65 million and ~~$419~~$233 million, respectively, primarily driven by $322 million of PG&E subrogation recoveries described above and better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations in the automobile product line for recent accident years. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 totaled $19 million and $101 million, respectively. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2019 was primarily driven by better than expected loss experience in the segment's domestic operations in both the automobile and homeowners and other product lines for recent accident years. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter and first six months of 2020 totaled $35 million and $57 million, respectively, primarily driven by better than expected loss experience in domestic operations in both the automobile and homeowners and other product lines for multiple accident years.

2622

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

8. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following ~~tables present~~table presents the changes in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income ~~(loss)~~ (AOCI) for the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021.


		Changes in Net Unrealized Gains on Investment Securities													Changes in Net Unrealized Gains on Investment Securities
(in millions)	(in millions)	Having No Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income		Having Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income		Net Benefit Plan Assets and Obligations Recognized in Shareholders’ Equity		Net Unrealized Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		(in millions)	Having No Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)		Having Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)		Net Benefit Plan Assets and Obligations Recognized in Shareholders’ Equity		Net Unrealized Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Balance, June 30, 2020		$	3,459	$	187	$	(811)	$	(953)	$	1,882
Balance, March 31, 2021												Balance, March 31, 2021	$	2,635	$	182	$	(812)	$	(714)	$	1,291

Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications, net of tax		189		(5)		0		74		258
Other comprehensive income (OCI) before reclassifications, net of tax												Other comprehensive income (OCI) before reclassifications, net of tax	441		0		0		36		477
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	(18)		0		16		0		(2)		Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	(19)		0		20		0		1
Net OCI, current period	Net OCI, current period	171		(5)		16		74		256		Net OCI, current period	422		0		20		36		478
Balance, September 30, 2020		$	3,630	$	182	$	(795)	$	(879)	$	2,138
Balance, June 30, 2021												Balance, June 30, 2021	$	3,057	$	182	$	(792)	$	(678)	$	1,769


	Changes in Net Unrealized Gains on Investment Securities
(in millions)	Having No Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)		Having Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss)		Net Benefit Plan Assets and Obligations Recognized in Shareholders’ Equity		Net Unrealized Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Balance, December 31, 2020	$	3,892	$	182	$	(832)	$	(740)	$	2,502

Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications, net of tax	(805)		0		0		62		(743)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	(30)		0		40		0		10
Net OCI, current period	(835)		0		40		62		(733)
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	3,057	$	182	$	(792)	$	(678)	$	1,769

Changes in Net Unrealized Gains on Investment Securities
(in millions) Having No Credit Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income Having Credit
Losses Recognized
in the Consolidated
Statement of
Income Net Benefit Plan Assets and Obligations Recognized in Shareholders’ Equity Net Unrealized Foreign Currency Translation Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 2,057 $ 189 $ (846) $ (760) $ 640
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) before reclassifications, net of tax 1,597 (7) 1 (119) 1,472
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax (24) 0 50 0 26
Net OCI, current period 1,573 (7) 51 (119) 1,498
Balance, September 30, 2020 $ 3,630 $ 182 $ (795) $ (879) $ 2,138

2723

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

8. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, Continued

The following table presents the pre-tax components of the Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) and the related income tax ~~expense.~~expense (benefit).


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities:	Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities:									Changes in net unrealized gains on investment securities:
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income		$	217	$	605	$	2,001	$	3,129
Income tax expense		46		127		428		661
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)										Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)	$	533	$	2,359	$	(1,063)	$	1,784
Income tax expense (benefit)										Income tax expense (benefit)	111		500		(228)		382
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	171		478		1,573		2,468		Net of taxes	422		1,859		(835)		1,402

Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income		(7)		(3)		(10)		(2)
Income tax benefit		(2)		(1)		(3)		(1)
Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)										Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss)	0		3		0		(3)
Income tax expense (benefit)										Income tax expense (benefit)	0		1		0		(1)
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	(5)		(2)		(7)		(1)		Net of taxes	0		2		0		(2)

Net changes in benefit plan assets and obligations	Net changes in benefit plan assets and obligations	20		14		64		40		Net changes in benefit plan assets and obligations	26		21		51		44
Income tax expense	Income tax expense	4		3		13		8		Income tax expense	6		4		11		9
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	16		11		51		32		Net of taxes	20		17		40		35

Net changes in unrealized foreign currency translation	Net changes in unrealized foreign currency translation	79		(75)		(137)		(20)		Net changes in unrealized foreign currency translation	40		52		66		(216)
Income tax expense (benefit)	Income tax expense (benefit)	5		(7)		(18)		(5)		Income tax expense (benefit)	4		(1)		4		(23)
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	74		(68)		(119)		(15)		Net of taxes	36		53		62		(193)

Total other comprehensive income		309		541		1,918		3,147
Total income tax expense		53		122		420		663
Total other comprehensive income, net of taxes		$	256	$	419	$	1,498	$	2,484
Total other comprehensive income (loss)										Total other comprehensive income (loss)	599		2,435		(946)		1,609
Total income tax expense (benefit)										Total income tax expense (benefit)	121		504		(213)		367
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes										Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	$	478	$	1,931	$	(733)	$	1,242

2824

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

8. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, Continued

The following table presents the pre-tax and related income tax (expense) benefit components of the amounts reclassified from the Company’s AOCI to the Company’s consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss).


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Reclassification adjustments related to unrealized gains on investment securities:	Reclassification adjustments related to unrealized gains on investment securities:									Reclassification adjustments related to unrealized gains on investment securities:
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income ⁽¹⁾		$	(23)	$	(14)	$	(31)	$	(43)
Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) (1)										Having no credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) (1)	$	(24)	$	(10)	$	(38)	$	(8)
Income tax expense ⁽²⁾	Income tax expense ⁽²⁾	(5)		(3)		(7)		(9)		Income tax expense (2)	(5)		(2)		(8)		(2)
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	(18)		(11)		(24)		(34)		Net of taxes	(19)		(8)		(30)		(6)

Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income ⁽¹⁾		0		0		0		0
Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) (1)										Having credit losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) (1)	0		0		0		0
Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	0		0		0		0		Income tax benefit (2)	0		0		0		0
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	0		0		0		0		Net of taxes	0		0		0		0

Reclassification adjustment related to benefit plan assets and obligations:	Reclassification adjustment related to benefit plan assets and obligations:									Reclassification adjustment related to benefit plan assets and obligations:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses ⁽³⁾	Claims and claim adjustment expenses ⁽³⁾	8		4		26		15		Claims and claim adjustment expenses (3)	11		9		21		18
General and administrative expenses ⁽³⁾	General and administrative expenses ⁽³⁾	12		8		37		23		General and administrative expenses (3)	15		13		30		25
Total	Total	20		12		63		38		Total	26		22		51		43
Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	4		3		13		8		Income tax benefit (2)	6		5		11		9
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	16		9		50		30		Net of taxes	20		17		40		34

Reclassification adjustment related to foreign currency translation ⁽¹⁾	Reclassification adjustment related to foreign currency translation ⁽¹⁾	0		0		0		0		Reclassification adjustment related to foreign currency translation (1)	0		0		0		0
Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	Income tax benefit ⁽²⁾	0		0		0		0		Income tax benefit (2)	0		0		0		0
Net of taxes	Net of taxes	0		0		0		0		Net of taxes	0		0		0		0

Total reclassifications	Total reclassifications	(3)		(2)		32		(5)		Total reclassifications	2		12		13		35
Total income tax (expense) benefit		(1)		0		6		(1)
Total income tax benefit										Total income tax benefit	1		3		3		7
Total reclassifications, net of taxes	Total reclassifications, net of taxes	$	(2)	$	(2)	$	26	$	(4)	Total reclassifications, net of taxes	$	1	$	9	$	10	$	28

_________________________________________________________

(1) (Increases) decreases net realized investment gains (losses) on the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss).

(2) (Increases) decreases income tax expense on the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss).

(3) Increases (decreases) expenses on the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss).

9. DEBT

Debt Issuance. On ~~April 27, 2020,~~June 8, 2021, the Company issued ~~$500~~$750 million aggregate principal amount of ~~2.55%~~3.05% senior notes that will mature on ~~April 27, 2050.~~June 8, 2051. The net proceeds of the issuance, after the deduction of the underwriting discount and expenses payable by the Company, totaled approximately ~~$490~~$739 million. Interest on the senior notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on ~~April 27~~June 8 and ~~October 27.~~December 8. Prior to ~~October 27, 2049,~~December 8, 2050, the senior notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option, at any time or from time to time, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (a) 100% of the principal amount of any senior notes to be redeemed or (b) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest to but excluding ~~October 27, 2049~~December 8, 2050 on any senior notes to be redeemed (exclusive of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the then current Treasury rate (as defined in the senior notes), plus 2515 basis points. On or after ~~October 27, 2049,~~

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

9. DEBT, Continued

December 8, 2050, the senior notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option, at any time or from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of any senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

10. COMMON SHARE REPURCHASES

During the three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company ~~did 0t repurchase any~~repurchased 2.6 million and 5.0 million common shares, respectively, under its share repurchase ~~authorization. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 3.5 million shares under its share repurchase authorization,~~authorizations for a total cost of ~~$425~~$400 million ~~all of which were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~and $756 million, respectively. The average cost per share repurchased was ~~$123.09.~~$157.18 and $152.65, respectively. In addition, the Company acquired ~~1,368~~917 shares and 0.3 million shares for a total cost of approximately ~~$159,000~~$144,000 and ~~$46~~$42 million during the three ~~months~~ and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, that were not part of ~~the~~its publicly announced share repurchase ~~authorization.~~authorizations. These shares consisted of shares retained to cover payroll withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock unit awards and performance share awards, and shares used by employees to cover the price of certain stock options that were exercised.

On April 20, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization that added an additional $5.0 billion of repurchase capacity. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had ~~$1.36~~$5.41 billion of capacity remaining under its share repurchase ~~authorization.~~authorizations.

11. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following is a reconciliation of the income (loss) and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computations for the periods presented:


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	(in millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Basic and Diluted	Basic and Diluted									Basic and Diluted
Net income, as reported		$	827	$	396	$	1,387	$	1,749
Net income (loss), as reported										Net income (loss), as reported	$	934	$	(40)	$	1,667	$	560
Participating share-based awards — allocated income	Participating share-based awards — allocated income	(6)		(3)		(9)		(12)		Participating share-based awards — allocated income	(7)		(1)		(12)		(3)
Net income available to common shareholders — basic and diluted		$	821	$	393	$	1,378	$	1,737
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders — basic and diluted										Net income (loss) available to common shareholders — basic and diluted	$	927	$	(41)	$	1,655	$	557

Common Shares	Common Shares									Common Shares
Basic	Basic									Basic
Weighted average shares outstanding	Weighted average shares outstanding	253.3		259.2		253.5		261.1		Weighted average shares outstanding	250.7		251.6		251.4		253.6

Diluted	Diluted									Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding	Weighted average shares outstanding	253.3		259.2		253.5		261.1		Weighted average shares outstanding	250.7		251.6		251.4		253.6
Weighted average effects of dilutive securities — stock options and performance shares	Weighted average effects of dilutive securities — stock options and performance shares	1.0		2.6		1.0		2.3		Weighted average effects of dilutive securities — stock options and performance shares	2.4		0		2.2		1.1
Total	Total	254.3		261.8		254.5		263.4		Total	253.1		251.6		253.6		254.7

Net Income per Common Share
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share										Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Basic	Basic	$	3.24	$	1.52	$	5.44	$	6.65	Basic	$	3.70	$	(0.16)	$	6.58	$	2.19
Diluted	Diluted	$	3.23	$	1.50	$	5.41	$	6.59	Diluted	$	3.66	$	(0.16)	$	6.53	$	2.19

Net loss per basic and diluted common share for the three months ended June 30, 2020 excluded the allocation of $2 million of undistributed loss to participating share-based awards, since such allocation would result in anti-dilution of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2020. In addition, the net loss per diluted common share for the three months ended June 30, 2020 excluded the weighted average effects of 0.7 million stock options and performance shares, since the impact of these potential shares of common stock and their effects on income was anti-dilutive for the three months ended June 30, 2020.

3026

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

12. SHARE-BASED INCENTIVE COMPENSATION

The following information relates to fully vested stock option awards at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020:~~2021:

Stock Options Number Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Contractual
Life
Remaining Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
($ in millions)
Vested at end of period ⁽¹⁾
7,474,888 $ 114.76 5.5 years $ 36
Exercisable at end of period 5,210,232 $ 107.04 4.2 years $ 36


Stock Options	Number	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life Remaining	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ in millions)
Vested at end of period (1)	7,604,850	$	123.90	6.4 years	$	196
Exercisable at end of period	4,401,105	$	117.65	4.9 years	$	141

(1)Represents awards for which the requisite service has been rendered, including those that are retirement eligible.

The total compensation cost for all share-based incentive compensation awards recognized in earnings was ~~$33~~$36 million and ~~$32~~$34 million for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, and ~~$113~~$89 million and ~~$112~~$80 million for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The related tax benefits recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) were $6 million for each of the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, and ~~2019,~~$15 million and ~~$20~~$14 million for ~~each of~~ the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, 2021 and 2020, ~~and 2019.~~respectively.

The total unrecognized compensation cost related to all nonvested share-based incentive compensation awards at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$165~~$212 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of ~~1.8~~2.0 years.

13. PENSION PLANS, RETIREMENT BENEFITS AND SAVINGS PLANS

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) for the Company’s pension and postretirement benefit plans recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) for the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~2020.

Pension Plans Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the three months ended September 30, in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
Service cost $ 34 $ 30 $ 0 $ 0
Non-service cost (benefit):
Interest cost on benefit obligation $ 29 $ 35 $ 1 $ 2
Expected return on plan assets (69) (69) 0 0
Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service benefit (1) 0 (1) (1)
Net actuarial (gain) loss 23 14 (1) 0
Total non-service cost (benefit) (18) (20) (1) 1
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) $ 16 $ 10 $ (1) $ 1

The following table indicates the line items in which the respective service cost and non-service cost (benefit) are presented in the consolidated statement of income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.


	Pension Plans				Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the three months ended June 30, in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Benefit):
Service cost	$	36	$	33	$	0	$	0

Non-service cost (benefit):
Interest cost on benefit obligation	$	20	$	28	$	0	$	1
Expected return on plan assets	(68)		(68)		0		0

Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service benefit	0		0		(1)		0
Net actuarial (gain) loss	27		23		0		(1)
Total non-service cost (benefit)	(21)		(17)		(1)		0
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$	15	$	16	$	(1)	$	0

3127

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

13. PENSION PLANS, RETIREMENT BENEFITS AND SAVINGS PLANS, Continued

Pension Plans Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the three months ended September 30, in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Service Cost:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses $ 14 $ 13 $ 0 $ 0
General and administrative expenses 20 17 0 0
Total service cost 34 30 0 0
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Claims and claim adjustment expenses (8) (9) (1) 0
General and administrative expenses (10) (11) 0 1
Total non-service cost (benefit) (18) (20) (1) 1
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) $ 16 $ 10 $ (1) $ 1
The following table indicates the line items in which the respective service cost and non-service cost (benefit) are presented in the consolidated statement of income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Pension Plans				Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the three months ended June 30, in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service Cost:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	$	15	$	14	$	0	$	0
General and administrative expenses	21		19		0		0
Total service cost	36		33		0		0

Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	(8)		(7)		(1)		0
General and administrative expenses	(13)		(10)		0		0
Total non-service cost (benefit)	(21)		(17)		(1)		0
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$	15	$	16	$	(1)	$	0

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) for the Company’s pension and postretirement benefit plans recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~2020.


		Pension Plans						Postretirement Benefit Plans							Pension Plans				Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the nine months ended September 30, in millions)		2020		2019		2020		2019
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
(for the six months ended June 30, in millions)										(for the six months ended June 30, in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Benefit):										Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Benefit):
Service cost	Service cost	$	100	$	89	$	0	$	0	Service cost	$	71	$	66	$	0	$	0
Non-service cost (benefit):	Non-service cost (benefit):									Non-service cost (benefit):
Interest cost on benefit obligation	Interest cost on benefit obligation	86		105		3		6		Interest cost on benefit obligation	41		57		1		2
Expected return on plan assets	Expected return on plan assets	(206)		(206)		0		0		Expected return on plan assets	(137)		(137)		0		0

Amortization of unrecognized:	Amortization of unrecognized:									Amortization of unrecognized:
Prior service benefit	Prior service benefit	(1)		(1)		(3)		(3)		Prior service benefit	0		0		(2)		(2)
Net actuarial (gain) loss	Net actuarial (gain) loss	69		42		(2)		0		Net actuarial (gain) loss	54		46		(1)		(1)
Total non-service cost (benefit)	Total non-service cost (benefit)	(52)		(60)		(2)		3		Total non-service cost (benefit)	(42)		(34)		(2)		(1)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$	48	$	29	$	(2)	$	3	Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$	29	$	32	$	(2)	$	(1)

The following table indicates the line items in which the respective service cost and non-service benefit cost (benefit) are presented in the consolidated statement of income (loss) for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019.~~

Pension Plans Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the nine months ended September 30, in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Service Cost:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses $ 42 $ 37 $ 0 $ 0
General and administrative expenses 58 52 0 0
Total service cost 100 89 0 0
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Claims and claim adjustment expenses (22) (25) (1) 1
General and administrative expenses (30) (35) (1) 2
Total non-service cost (benefit) (52) (60) (2) 3
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) $ 48 $ 29 $ (2) $ 3

2020.


	Pension Plans				Postretirement Benefit Plans
(for the six months ended June 30, in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service Cost:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	$	29	$	28	$	0	$	0
General and administrative expenses	42		38		0		0
Total service cost	71		66		0		0
Non-Service Cost (Benefit):
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	(17)		(14)		(1)		0
General and administrative expenses	(25)		(20)		(1)		(1)
Total non-service cost (benefit)	(42)		(34)		(2)		(1)
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit)	$	29	$	32	$	(2)	$	(1)

3228

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

14. LEASES

The Company enters into lease agreements for real estate that is primarily used for office space in the ordinary course of business. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, whereby lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, and a right-of-use asset and lease liability is recognized as part of other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheet.

Most leases include an option to extend or renew the lease term. The exercise of the renewal option is at the Company's discretion. The operating lease liability includes lease payments related to options to extend or renew the lease term if the Company is reasonably certain of exercising those options. The Company, in determining the present value of lease payments, utilizes either the rate implicit in the lease, if that rate is readily determinable, or the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate commensurate with the term of the underlying lease.

Lease expense is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss). Additional information regarding the Company’s real estate operating leases is as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			(in millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Lease cost	Lease cost													Lease cost
Operating leases	Operating leases	$	23		$	23		$	71		$	68		Operating leases	$	22		$	24		$	45		$	48
Short-term leases ⁽¹⁾	Short-term leases ⁽¹⁾	1			2			2			9			Short-term leases (1)	1			1			1			1

Lease expense	Lease expense	24			25			73			77			Lease expense	23			25			46			49
Less: sublease income ⁽²⁾	Less: sublease income ⁽²⁾	0			0			0			0			Less: sublease income (2)	0			0			0			0
Net lease cost	Net lease cost	$	24		$	25		$	73		$	77		Net lease cost	$	23		$	25		$	46		$	49

Other information on operating leases	Other information on operating leases													Other information on operating leases

Cash payments to settle a lease liability reported in cash flows	Cash payments to settle a lease liability reported in cash flows	$	27		$	27		$	82		$	77		Cash payments to settle a lease liability reported in cash flows	$	27		$	28		$	53		$	55
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	$	8		$	14		$	26		$	50		Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	$	7		$	4		$	19		$	18
Weighted average discount rate	Weighted average discount rate	2.86		%	3.04		%	2.86		%	3.04		%	Weighted average discount rate	2.41		%	2.94		%	2.41		%	2.94		%
Weighted average remaining lease term	Weighted average remaining lease term	4.9 years			5.2 years			4.9 years			5.2 years			Weighted average remaining lease term	4.8 years			4.9 years			4.8 years			4.9 years

(1) Leases with ~~an initial~~a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet.

(2) Sublease income consists of rent from third parties of office space and is recognized as part of other revenues in the consolidated statement of ~~income.~~income (loss).

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~14.LEASES, Continued~~

~~The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's lease liabilities:~~

(in millions) Real Estate Lease Liability
Remainder of 2020 $ 27
2021 100
2022 76
2023 56
2024 40
Thereafter 63
Total undiscounted lease payments 362
Less: present value adjustment 25
Operating lease liability $ 337

15. CONTINGENCIES, COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES

Contingencies

The major pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the Company’s properties is subject are described below.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued

15. CONTINGENCIES, COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES, Continued

Asbestos and Environmental Claims and Litigation

In the ordinary course of its insurance business, the Company has received and continues to receive claims for insurance arising under policies issued by the Company asserting alleged injuries and damages from asbestos- and environmental-related exposures that are the subject of related coverage litigation. The Company is defending asbestos- and environmental-related litigation vigorously and believes that it has meritorious defenses; however, the outcomes of these disputes are uncertain. In this regard, the Company employs dedicated specialists and comprehensive resolution strategies to manage asbestos and environmental loss exposure, including settling litigation under appropriate circumstances. Currently, it is not possible to predict legal outcomes and their impact on future loss development for claims and litigation relating to asbestos and environmental claims. Any such development could be affected by future court decisions and interpretations, as well as future changes, if any, in applicable legislation. Because of these uncertainties, additional liabilities may arise for amounts in excess of the Company’s current insurance reserves. In addition, the Company’s estimate of ultimate claims and claim adjustment expenses may change. These additional liabilities or changes in estimates, or a range of either, cannot now be reasonably estimated and could result in income statement charges that could be material to the Company’s results of operations in future periods.

Other Proceedings Not Arising Under Insurance Contracts or Reinsurance Agreements

The Company is involved in other lawsuits, including lawsuits alleging extra-contractual damages relating to insurance contracts or reinsurance agreements, that do not arise under insurance contracts or reinsurance agreements. The legal costs associated with such lawsuits are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. Based upon currently available information, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that any such lawsuit or related lawsuits would be material to the Company’s results of operations or would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or liquidity.

Other Commitments and Guarantees

Commitments

Investment Commitments — The Company has unfunded commitments to private equity limited partnerships, ~~and~~ real estate partnerships ~~in which it invests.~~and others. These commitments totaled $1.65 billion and ~~$1.66~~$1.76 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited), Continued~~

~~15. CONTINGENCIES, COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES, Continued~~

Guarantees

The maximum amount of the Company’s contingent obligation for indemnifications related to the sale of businesses that are quantifiable was $351 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

The maximum amount of the Company’s obligation related to the guarantee of certain insurance policy obligations of a former insurance subsidiary was $480 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, all of which is indemnified by a third party. For more information regarding Company guarantees, see note 1617 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

3530

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

~~2020 Third~~2021 Second Quarter Consolidated Results of Operations

•Net income of ~~$827~~$934 million, or ~~$3.24~~$3.70 per share basic and ~~$3.23~~$3.66 per share diluted

•Net earned premiums of ~~$7.38~~$7.62 billion

•Catastrophe losses of ~~$397~~$475 million ($~~314~~376 million after-tax)

•Net favorable prior year reserve development of ~~$142~~$182 million ($~~113~~144 million after-tax)

•Combined ratio of ~~94.9%~~95.3%

•Net investment income of ~~$671~~$818 million ($~~566~~682 million after-tax)

•Net realized investment gains of ~~$37~~$61 million ($2947 million after-tax)

•Operating cash flows of ~~$2.33~~$1.85 billion

~~2020 Third~~2021 Second Quarter Consolidated Financial Condition

•Total investments of ~~$83.56~~$86.55 billion; fixed maturities and short-term securities comprised 94% of total investments

•Total assets of ~~$116.38~~$119.76 billion

•Total debt of ~~$7.05~~$7.29 billion, resulting in a debt-to-total capital ratio of ~~20.2% (22.7%~~20.0% (22.0% excluding net unrealized investment gains, net of tax)

•~~Paid $217~~Total capital returned to shareholders of $625 million, comprising $401 million of share repurchases and $224 million of dividends ~~to shareholders~~

•Shareholders’ equity of ~~$27.85~~$29.16 billion

•Net unrealized investment gains of ~~$4.84~~$4.11 billion ($~~3.81~~3.24 billion after-tax)

•Book value per common share of ~~$109.94~~$116.86

•Holding company liquidity of ~~$2.28~~$2.43 billion

3631

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

CONSOLIDATED OVERVIEW

Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except ratio and per share amounts) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Premiums $ 7,380 $ 7,179 $ 21,564 $ 21,022
Net investment income 671 622 1,550 1,852
Fee income 101 121 323 346
Net realized investment gains (losses) 37 23 (48) 101
Other revenues 86 68 195 197
Total revenues 8,275 8,013 23,584 23,518
Claims and expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses 4,886 5,230 14,782 14,493
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs 1,207 1,169 3,558 3,420
General and administrative expenses 1,109 1,098 3,367 3,280
Interest expense 87 84 256 261
Total claims and expenses 7,289 7,581 21,963 21,454
Income before income taxes 986 432 1,621 2,064
Income tax expense 159 36 234 315
Net income $ 827 $ 396 $ 1,387 $ 1,749
Net income per share
Basic $ 3.24 $ 1.52 $ 5.44 $ 6.65
Diluted $ 3.23 $ 1.50 $ 5.41 $ 6.59
Combined ratio
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio 65.6 % 72.0 % 67.8 % 68.1 %
Underwriting expense ratio 29.3 29.5 30.1 29.8
Combined ratio 94.9 % 101.5 % 97.9 % 97.9 %


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio and per share amounts)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Revenues
Premiums	$	7,616		$	6,955		$	15,002		$	14,184
Net investment income	818			268			1,519			879
Fee income	104			114			205			222
Net realized investment gains (losses)	61			13			105			(85)
Other revenues	88			51			169			109
Total revenues	8,687			7,401			17,000			15,309

Claims and expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses	5,045			5,107			10,015			9,896
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	1,254			1,173			2,461			2,351
General and administrative expenses	1,174			1,121			2,337			2,258
Interest expense	83			85			165			169
Total claims and expenses	7,556			7,486			14,978			14,674
Income (loss) before income taxes	1,131			(85)			2,022			635
Income tax expense (benefit)	197			(45)			355			75
Net income (loss)	$	934		$	(40)		$	1,667		$	560

Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	3.70		$	(0.16)		$	6.58		$	2.19
Diluted	$	3.66		$	(0.16)		$	6.53		$	2.19

Combined ratio
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	65.6		%	72.7		%	66.1		%	69.0		%
Underwriting expense ratio	29.7			31.0			29.8			30.5
Combined ratio	95.3		%	103.7		%	95.9		%	99.5		%

The following discussions of the Company’s net income (loss) and segment income (loss) are presented on an after-tax basis. Discussions of the components of net income (loss) and segment income (loss) are presented on a pre-tax basis, unless otherwise noted. Discussions of net income (loss) per common share are presented on a diluted basis.

Overview

Diluted net income per share ~~of $3.23~~was $3.66 in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020 increased by 115% over~~2021, compared to a diluted net ~~income~~loss per share of ~~$1.50~~$0.16 in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net income ~~of $827~~was $934 million in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020 increased by 109% over~~2021, compared to a net ~~income~~loss of ~~$396~~$40 million in the same period of ~~2019. The higher rate of increase in diluted net income per share reflected the impact of share repurchases in recent periods. The increase in income~~2020. Income before income taxes in the second quarter of 2021 primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher net investment income, (ii) lower catastrophe losses, (iii) higher net favorable prior year reserve development, ~~compared with~~(iv) higher net ~~unfavorable prior year reserve development in the same period of 2019, (ii)~~realized investment gains and (v) higher underwriting margins excluding catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development ("underlying underwriting margins")~~, (iii) higher net investment income~~. Catastrophe losses in the second quarters of 2021 and ~~(iv) higher net realized investment gains, partially offset by (v) higher catastrophe losses.~~2020 were $475 million and $854 million, respectively. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third quarter~~second quarters of 2021 and 2020 was ~~$142 million. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter of 2019 was $294 million. Catastrophe losses in the third quarters of 2020 and 2019 were $397~~$182 million and ~~$241~~$2 million, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were driven by ~~Personal~~Business Insurance and ~~Business~~Bond & Specialty Insurance, partially offset by ~~Bond & Specialty~~Personal Insurance. ~~Income~~Underlying underwriting margins in the second quarters of both 2021 and 2020 included a net favorable impact from COVID-19 and related economic conditions. The Company recorded income tax expense in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020 was higher than~~2021 compared with an income tax benefit in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in income before income taxes.

3732

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Diluted net income per share of ~~$5.41~~$6.53 in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 decreased~~2021 increased by ~~18% from~~198% over diluted net income per share of ~~$6.59~~$2.19 in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net income of ~~$1.39~~$1.67 billion in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 decreased~~2021 increased by ~~21% from~~198% over net income of ~~$1.75 billion~~$560 million in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~lower rate of decrease in diluted net income per share reflected the impact of share repurchases in recent periods. The decrease~~increase in income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher ~~catastrophe losses, (ii) lower~~ net investment income, ~~and (iii) net realized investment losses compared to net realized investment gains in the same period of 2019, partially offset by (iv)~~(ii) higher ~~underlying underwriting margins and (v)~~ net favorable prior year reserve development, (iii) net realized investment gains compared to net ~~unfavorable prior year reserve development~~realized investment losses in the same period of ~~2019. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of~~ 2020 and ~~2019 were $1.58 billion and $801 million, respectively.~~(iv) higher underlying underwriting margins, partially offset by (v) higher catastrophe losses. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 was ~~$171 million. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~$499 million and $29 million, respectively. Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2019 was $120 million.~~2021 and 2020 were $1.31 billion and $1.19 billion, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were driven by ~~Personal~~Business Insurance and ~~Business~~Bond & Specialty Insurance, partially offset by ~~Bond & Specialty~~Personal Insurance. Underlying underwriting margins in the first six months of 2021 reflected a net favorable impact from COVID-19 and related economic conditions, compared with net charges associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions in the same period of 2020. Income tax expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~lower~~higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~decrease~~increase in income before income taxes.

~~Impact of COVID-19 and Related Economic Conditions~~

~~Beginning in March 2020 and continuing through~~For discussion regarding the third quarter of 2020, the global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) and related economic conditions impacted the Company's results of operations. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, the Company's underwriting margins were impacted as follows:

•Earned premiums were negatively impacted by premium refunds in Personal Insurance provided to personal automobile customers, primarily in the second quarter of 2020. In Business Insurance, earned premiums were negatively impacted by a modest reduction in exposures and reduced levels of new business. Additionally, Business Insurance earned premiums were negatively impacted by reductions in the Company's estimate of ultimate audit premiums receivable, primarily in the second quarter of 2020. Earned premiums in Bond & Specialty Insurance were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

•Claims and claim adjustment expenses in Business Insurance included modestly lower loss estimates in certain product lines, primarily commercial automobile, partially offset by modestly higher loss estimates in certain other product lines, primarily workers' compensation and commercial property. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in Bond & Specialty Insurance were negatively impacted by higher loss estimates for management liability coverages. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in Personal Insurance were favorably impacted by lower loss estimates in the automobile product line, largely due to the impact ~~of a decrease in miles driven.~~

•General and administrative expenses were modestly impacted by an increased allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable in all segments and higher contingent commission expense in Personal Insurance, partially offset by lower travel-related expenses in all business segments.

~~In addition to the foregoing impacts on its underwriting margins, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, the Company also experienced the following impacts~~ of COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions:~~

•~~Other income was negatively impacted by declines in installment premium charges attributable to the impact of billing relief actions offered to customers.~~

•Net investment income from the Company's other investments of $173 million and $27 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, was impacted by continued volatility in global financial markets. Other investments include private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and typically report their financial statement information to the Company one month to three months following the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, the impact of any volatility in global financial markets on net investment income from these other investments is generally reflected in the Company's financial statements on a quarter lag basis.

•Net realized gains (losses) included net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities still held of $19 million and $(14) million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, driven by the impact of changes in fair valueconditions on the Company's ~~equity investments attributable to~~results for the ~~volatility~~year ended December 31, 2020, see “Part II—Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in ~~global financial markets.~~

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

the Company’s 2020 Annual Report. For further discussion regarding the potential future impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on the Company, see ~~"Outlook"~~“Outlook” herein and ~~"Part II—~~“The impact of COVID-19 and related risks could materially affect our results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity” included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk ~~Factors."~~Factors” in the Company's 2020 Annual Report.

The Company has insurance operations in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and throughout other parts of the world as a corporate member of Lloyd’s, as well as in Brazil and Colombia ~~primarily~~ through joint ventures. Because these operations are conducted in local currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the Company is subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, changes in foreign currency exchange rates impacted reported line items in the statement of income by insignificant amounts. The impact of these changes was not material to the Company’s net income or segment income for the periods reported.

Revenues

Earned Premiums

Earned premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$7.38~~$7.62 billion, ~~$201~~$661 million or 3%10% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$21.56~~$15.00 billion, ~~$542~~$818 million or 3%6% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. In Business Insurance, earned premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first six months of ~~2020 decreased~~2021 increased by 4% and 1%, respectively, from the same ~~period~~periods of ~~2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in Business Insurance in both periods of 2021 were negatively impacted by lower net written premiums in the ~~first nine~~preceding twelve months ~~of 2020 were comparable with the same period of 2019.~~due to a modest reduction in exposures and a decrease in new business volume, in each case driven by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Earned premiums in Business Insurance in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by ~~a modest reduction in~~reduced exposures and ~~a decrease in new business volume, as well as~~ reductions in the Company's estimate of ultimate audit premiums receivable, in each case ~~impacted by~~reflecting the impact of COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions.~~conditions, including a decrease in new business levels. In Bond & Specialty Insurance, earned premiums in each of the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 increased by ~~11% and 10%, respectively,~~12% over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in Bond & Specialty Insurance in both periods of 2021 and 2020 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. In Personal Insurance, earned premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 increased by 7%17% and 4%11%, respectively, over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in Personal Insurance in ~~the first nine months~~both periods of 2021 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Earned premiums in Personal Insurance in both periods of 2020 were reduced by premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers ~~primarily in the second quarter of 2020,~~ in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Factors contributing to the changes in earned premiums in each segment are discussed in more detail in the segment discussions that follow.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Net Investment Income

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s investments.

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Average investments ⁽¹⁾
$ 78,722 $ 74,910 $ 77,304 $ 74,475
Pre-tax net investment income 671 622 1,550 1,852
After-tax net investment income 566 528 1,336 1,572
Average pre-tax yield ⁽²⁾
3.4 % 3.3 % 2.7 % 3.3 %
Average after-tax yield ⁽²⁾
2.9 % 2.8 % 2.3 % 2.8 %


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Average investments (1)	$	82,594		$	76,635		$	81,954		$	76,508
Pre-tax net investment income	818			268			1,519			879
After-tax net investment income	682			251			1,272			770
Average pre-tax yield (2)	4.0		%	1.4		%	3.7		%	2.3		%
Average after-tax yield (2)	3.3		%	1.3		%	3.1		%	2.0		%

_________________________________________________________

(1)Excludes net unrealized investment gains and losses and reflects cash, receivables for investment sales, payables on investment purchases and accrued investment income.

(2)Excludes net realized and net unrealized investment gains and losses.

Net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$671~~$818 million, ~~$49~~$550 million or 8%205% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net investment income in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$1.55~~$1.52 billion, ~~$302~~$640 million or ~~16% lower~~73% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net investment income from fixed maturity investments in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$502~~$493 million and ~~$1.51 billion,~~$984 million, respectively, ~~$18~~$5 million and ~~$34~~$25 million lower, respectively, than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. The decreases primarily resulted from lower long-term interest rates, partially offset by a higher average level of fixed maturity investments. Net investment income from short-term securities in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was $6$1 million and ~~$41~~$4 million, respectively, ~~a decline of $20~~$12 million and ~~$40~~$31 million lower, respectively, ~~as compared to~~than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. The decreases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 primarily resulted from lower short-term interest rates. The Company's remaining investment portfolios had net investment income of ~~$173~~$335 million and ~~$27~~$553 million in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, compared with ~~income~~losses of ~~$85~~$234 million and ~~$256~~$146 million, respectively, in the same periods of 2019. The decline in net investment income from these portfolios in the first nine months of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019 primarily reflected the impact of the disruption in global financial markets associated with COVID-19.2020. Included

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

in other investments are private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and typically report their financial statement information to the Company one month to three months following the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, ~~the impact of any volatility in global financial markets, including the impact of COVID-19 during 2020, on~~ net investment income from these other investments is generally reflected in the Company's financial statements on a quarter lag basis. The losses from these investments in both periods of 2020 was related to the disruption in global financial markets associated with COVID-19.

Fee Income

Fee income in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$101~~$104 million and ~~$323~~$205 million, respectively, ~~$20~~$10 million and ~~$23~~$17 million lower, respectively, than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. The National Accounts market in Business Insurance is the primary source of the Company’s fee-based business and is discussed in the Business Insurance segment discussion that follows.

Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s net realized investment gains (losses).


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Credit impairment gains (losses):	Credit impairment gains (losses):									Credit impairment gains (losses):
Fixed maturities	Fixed maturities	$	4	$	—	$	(18)	$	(2)	Fixed maturities	$	—	$	(6)	$	—	$	(22)
Other investments	Other investments	—		—		(40)		—		Other investments	—		(40)		—		(40)
Net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities still held	Net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities still held	19		4		(14)		49		Net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities still held	28		46		51		(33)
Other net realized investment gains, including from sales	Other net realized investment gains, including from sales	14		19		24		54		Other net realized investment gains, including from sales	33		13		54		10
Total	Total	$	37	$	23	$	(48)	$	101	Total	$	61	$	13	$	105	$	(85)

Net realized investment gains on equity securities still held of $28 million and $51 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 were driven by the impact of changes in fair value attributable to favorable equity markets. Net realized investment gains (losses) on equity securities still held of ~~$19~~$46 million and ~~$(14)~~$(33) million in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of 2020 ~~respectively,~~ were driven by the impact of changes in fair value attributable to the volatility in global financial markets.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

In the second quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a $40 million credit impairment loss from the other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of a joint venture investment included in other investments.

Other Revenues

Other revenues in the ~~third~~second quarters and first ~~nine~~six months of both 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ included ~~installment premium charges and~~ revenues from Simply ~~Business.~~Business and installment premium charges. Installment premium charges in both periods of 2020 were reduced by billing relief actions offered to customers as a result of COVID-19.

Claims and Expenses

Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$4.89~~$5.05 billion, ~~$344~~$62 million or 7%1% lower than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting (i) lower catastrophe losses, (ii) higher net favorable prior year reserve development, ~~compared~~(iii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses in Business Insurance and (iv) a net charge associated with ~~net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions in Business Insurance in the ~~same period~~second quarter of ~~2019 and (ii) lower~~2020, largely offset by (v) loss cost trends, (vi) higher losses in the automobile product line in Personal Insurance due to a ~~decrease~~comparison to a low level of loss activity in ~~miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions, partially offset by (iii) loss cost trends, (iv)~~the prior year quarter as a result of the pandemic, (vii) higher ~~catastrophe~~ losses (v) higher loss estimates for management liability coverages in Bond & Specialty Insurance, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, (vi) higher non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires, in the homeowners and other product line in Personal Insurance and ~~(vii)~~(viii) higher business volumes. Catastrophe losses in the ~~third~~second quarter of 2021 primarily resulted from severe storms in several regions of the United States. Catastrophe losses in the second quarter of 2020 primarily resulted from the derecho windstorm in the midwestern region of the United States, the Glass wildfire in California, Tropical Storm Isaias, Hurricane Laura and additional wildfires in the western United States. Catastrophe losses and non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires, in the third quarter of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty, as described in more detail in the "Catastrophe Reinsurance" section herein. Catastrophe losses in the third quarter of 2019 primarily resulted from wind and hailsevere storms in several regions of the United States and ~~Hurricane Dorian.~~civil unrest. The impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on claims and claim adjustment expenses are discussed in more detail in the segment discussions that follow.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$14.78~~$10.02 billion, ~~$289~~$119 million or 2%1% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting (i) higher catastrophe losses, (ii) loss cost trends, (iii) higher ~~loss estimates for management liability coverages in Bond & Specialty Insurance, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, and~~business volumes, (iv) higher ~~business volumes, partially offset by~~losses in the homeowners and other product line in Personal Insurance and (v) ~~lower~~higher losses in the automobile product line in Personal Insurance due to a ~~decrease~~comparison to a low level of loss activity in ~~miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions,~~the prior year period as a result of the pandemic, partially offset by (vi) higher net favorable prior year reserve development ~~as compared~~and (vii) a net charge associated with ~~net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions in Business Insurance in the ~~same period~~first six months of ~~2019 and (vii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses in Personal Insurance.~~2020. Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 included the second quarter events described above, as well as winter storms and wind storms in several regions of the United States in the first quarter of 2021. Catastrophe losses in the first six months of 2020 included the ~~third~~second quarter events described above, as well as tornado activity in Tennessee and other wind storms and winter storms in several regions of the United States in the first quarter of ~~2020,~~2020. The impacts of COVID-19 and ~~severe storms in several regions of the United States~~related economic conditions on claims and civil unrest in the second quarter of 2020. Catastrophe losses and non-catastrophe weather-related losses in the first nine months of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty, as described in more detail in the "Catastrophe Reinsurance" section herein. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2019 included the third quarter events described above, as well as and winter storms and wind storms in several regions of the United States in the first half of 2019.

~~Net favorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 included subrogation recoveries related to wildfires in California in 2017 and 2018, which~~claim adjustment expenses are discussed in more detail in ~~note 7 of notes to~~ the ~~unaudited consolidated financial statements.~~ segment discussions that follow.

Factors contributing to net favorable prior year reserve development during the ~~third~~second quarters and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 are discussed in more detail in note 7 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Significant Catastrophe Losses

The following table presents the amount of losses recorded by the Company for significant catastrophes that occurred in the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, the amount of net unfavorable (favorable) prior year reserve development recognized in the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 for significant catastrophes that occurred in ~~2019~~2020 and ~~2018,~~2019, and the estimate of ultimate losses for those catastrophes at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. For purposes of the table, a significant catastrophe is an event for which the Company estimates its ultimate losses will be $100 million or more after reinsurance and before taxes. The Company's threshold for disclosing catastrophes is primarily determined at the reportable segment level and for ~~2020~~2021 ranged from ~~approximately~~ $20 million to $30 million of losses before reinsurance and taxes. For the Company’s definition of a catastrophe, refer to “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Consolidated Overview” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

4135

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Losses Incurred/Unfavorable (Favorable)
Prior Year Reserve Development
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Estimated Ultimate Losses
(in millions, pre-tax and net of reinsurance) ⁽¹⁾
2020 2019 2020 2019 September 30,
2020 December 31, 2019
'
2018
PCS Serial Number:
15 — Winter storm 1 (1) 2 (5) 142 140
17 — Severe wind and hail storms 1 (1) — (4) 105 105
33 — Severe wind and hail storms 1 — 1 (2) 120 119
52 — Hurricane Florence — (5) (3) (15) 85 88
57 — Hurricane Michael (2) (3) (12) 3 148 160
59 — California wildfire - Camp fire ⁽²⁾
(191) 4 (195) 2 141 336
60 — California wildfire - Woolsey fire (3) — (3) 9 126 129
2019
PCS Serial Number:
33 — Severe wind storms 1 47 8 232 258 250
61 — Severe wind storms and tornadoes 1 n/a 12 n/a 121 109
2020
PCS Serial Number:
16 — Tennessee tornado activity (14) n/a 157 n/a 157 n/a
19 — Severe storms 12 n/a 133 n/a 133 n/a
20 — Severe storms (10) n/a 179 n/a 179 n/a
33 — Civil unrest 16 n/a 107 n/a 107 n/a
44 — Tropical Storm Isaias 147 n/a 147 n/a 147 n/a
46 — Midwest derecho 206 n/a 206 n/a 206 n/a
68 — California wildfire - Glass fire ⁽³⁾
132 n/a 132 n/a 132 n/a


	Losses Incurred/Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Year Reserve Development
	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
					Estimated Ultimate Losses
(in millions, pre-tax and net of reinsurance) (1)	2021	2020	2021	2020	June 30, 2021	December 31, 2020
			'



















2019
PCS Serial Number:
33 — Severe wind storms	(1)	2	(2)	7	256	258
61 — Severe wind storms and tornadoes	—	11	(8)	11	109	117

2020
PCS Serial Number:
16 — Tennessee tornado activity	(2)	(11)	(3)	171	148	151
19 — Severe storms	(6)	121	(11)	121	123	134
20 — Severe storms	(9)	189	(14)	189	151	165
33 — Civil unrest	(2)	91	(2)	91	98	100
44 — Tropical Storm Isaias	(13)	n/a	(14)	n/a	126	140
46 — Midwest derecho	(5)	n/a	(10)	n/a	202	212
68 — California wildfire - Glass fire	(1)	n/a	(8)	n/a	137	145

2021
PCS Serial Number:
15 — Winter storms	(10)	n/a	213	n/a	213	n/a
17 — Winter storms	15	n/a	495	n/a	495	n/a
29 — Severe wind storms	151	n/a	151	n/a	151	n/a

(1) Amounts are reported pre-tax and net of recoveries under all applicable reinsurance treaties, except for the Company's 2020 and 2019 Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss ~~Treaty,~~Treaties, the terms of which are described in "Part I—Item 1—Business" in the Company's ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report. ~~That treaty covers~~Those treaties covered the accumulation of certain property losses arising from one or multiple occurrences (both catastrophe and non-catastrophe events) for the period January 1, 2020 through and including December 31, ~~2020.~~2020, and the period January 1, 2019 through and including December 31, 2019, respectively. As a result, the ~~benefit~~benefits from ~~that treaty is~~those treaties are not included in the table above as the allocation of the treaty's benefit to each identified catastrophe changes each time there are additional events or changes in estimated losses from any covered event.

(2) Favorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 included the benefit of PG&E subrogation recoveries applicable to this event, which are discussed in more detail in note 7 of notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements.

~~(3)~~ In addition to the Glass fire, there were 14 other PCS-designated wildfires during the third quarter. While none of the 14 wildfires were individually large enough to meet the Company's threshold for disclosure as a significant catastrophe in this table, total losses from those wildfires were $158 million, of which two wildfires totaling $81 million met the Company's threshold for disclosure as catastrophes.

n/a: not applicable.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$1.21~~$1.25 billion, ~~$38~~$81 million or 3%7% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$3.56~~$2.46 billion, ~~$138~~$110 million or 4%5% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 were generally consistent with the increases in earned ~~premiums before the impact of premium refunds referred to above.~~premiums. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs is discussed in more detail in the segment discussions that follow.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$1.11~~$1.17 billion, ~~$11~~$53 million or 1%5% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. General and administrative expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$3.37~~$2.34 billion, ~~$87~~$79 million or 3% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 primarily reflected the impact of costs associated with higher business volumes, partially offset by lower net expenses related to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. General and administrative expenses are discussed in more detail in the segment discussions that follow.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Interest Expense

Interest expense in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$87~~$83 million and ~~$256~~$165 million, respectively, compared with ~~$84~~$85 million and ~~$261~~$169 million, respectively, in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$159~~$197 million, ~~$123~~compared to an income tax benefit of $45 million ~~or 342% higher than~~ in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the ~~$554 million~~$1.22 billion increase in income before income taxes in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020.~~2021. Income tax expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$234~~$355 million, ~~$81~~$280 million or ~~26% lower~~373% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$443 million decrease~~$1.39 billion increase in income before income taxes in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020.~~2021.

The Company’s effective tax rate was ~~16%~~17% and 8%(53%) in the ~~third~~second quarters of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was ~~14%~~18% and ~~15%~~12% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The effective tax rates were lower than the statutory rate of 21% in ~~both~~all periods, primarily due to the impact of tax-exempt investment income on the calculation of the Company’s income tax provision.

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio of ~~94.9%~~95.3% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~6.6~~8.4 points lower than the combined ratio of ~~101.5%~~103.7% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of 65.6% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~6.4~~7.1 points lower than in the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~72.0%~~72.7% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~29.3%~~29.7% for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.2~~1.3 points lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~29.5%~~31.0% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the ~~third~~second quarters of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~5.3~~6.3 points and ~~3.3~~12.3 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 provided ~~1.9~~2.4 points of benefit to the combined ratio. Net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2019 accounted for 4.1 points of~~2020 had no impact on the combined ratio. The combined ratio excluding prior year reserve development and catastrophe losses (“underlying combined ratio”) in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~2.6 points lower than~~comparable to the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends in Business Insurance and Bond & Specialty Insurance, (ii) a lower expense ratio resulting primarily from higher premium volumes, (iii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses in Business Insurance and (iv) a net charge associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions in Business Insurance in the second quarter of 2020, offset by (v) higher losses in the homeowners and other product line in Personal Insurance and (vi) higher losses in the automobile product line in Personal Insurance due to a ~~decrease in miles driven attributable~~comparison to ~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions and (ii) earned pricing that exceeded~~a low level of loss ~~cost trends in Business Insurance, partially offset by (iii) higher loss estimates for management liability coverages in Bond & Specialty Insurance, including the impact~~activity (net of ~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions, and (iv) higher non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires,~~premium refunds) in the ~~homeowners and other product line in Personal Insurance.~~prior year quarter as a result of the pandemic.

The combined ratio of ~~97.9%~~95.9% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~level with~~3.6 points lower than the combined ratio of 99.5% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~67.8%~~66.1% for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.3~~2.9 points lower than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~68.1%~~69.0% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~30.1%~~29.8% for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.3~~0.7 points ~~higher~~lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~29.8%~~30.5% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~7.3~~8.7 points and ~~3.8~~8.4 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 provided ~~0.8~~3.3 points and 0.2 points, respectively, of benefit to ~~the combined ratio. Net unfavorable prior year development in the first nine months of 2019 accounted for 0.6 points of~~ the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~2.1~~0.8 points lower than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends in Business Insurance and Bond & Specialty Insurance and (ii) a lower expense ratio resulting primarily from higher premium volumes, partially offset by (iii) higher losses in the ~~automobile~~homeowners and other product line in Personal ~~Insurance due~~Insurance.

The combined ratio continues to ~~a decrease~~be impacted by the tort environment, including more aggressive attorney involvement in ~~miles~~insurance claims.

4337

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions (net of premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers primarily in the second quarter of 2020), (ii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses in Personal Insurance and (iii) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends in Business Insurance, partially offset by (iv) higher loss estimates for management liability coverages in Bond & Specialty Insurance, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

In recent periods, both prior year reserve development and the underlying combined ratio have been impacted by adverse developments in the tort environment, including more aggressive attorney involvement in insurance claims.

Written Premiums

Consolidated gross and net written premiums were as follows:


		Gross Written Premiums															Gross Written Premiums
		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Business Insurance	Business Insurance	$	4,230	$	4,271	$	13,151	$	13,194	Business Insurance	$	4,356	$	4,127	$	9,132	$	8,921
Bond & Specialty Insurance	Bond & Specialty Insurance	803		770		2,323		2,179		Bond & Specialty Insurance	919		770		1,753		1,520
Personal Insurance	Personal Insurance	3,210		2,981		8,672		8,312		Personal Insurance	3,322		2,854		6,119		5,462
Total	Total	$	8,243	$	8,022	$	24,146	$	23,685	Total	$	8,597	$	7,751	$	17,004	$	15,903

Net Written Premiums
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Business Insurance $ 3,833 $ 3,889 $ 11,800 $ 11,926
Bond & Specialty Insurance 754 728 2,151 2,025
Personal Insurance 3,184 2,952 8,512 8,125
Total $ 7,771 $ 7,569 $ 22,463 $ 22,076


	Net Written Premiums
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Business Insurance	$	3,980	$	3,777	$	8,105	$	7,967
Bond & Specialty Insurance	854		734		1,577		1,397
Personal Insurance	3,301		2,835		5,958		5,328
Total	$	8,135	$	7,346	$	15,640	$	14,692

Gross and net written premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 both increased by 3%11% over the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Gross and net written premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 both~~2021 increased by 2%7% and 6%, respectively, over the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Gross and net written premiums in Business Insurance in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by ~~a modest reduction in~~reduced exposures, reflecting the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, including a decrease in new business ~~volume,~~levels. Gross and net written premiums in Bond & Specialty Insurance in both periods of 2021 and 2020 were negatively impacted by lower surety volumes, primarily due to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Gross and net written premiums in Personal Insurance in both periods of 2021 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Gross and net written premiums in Personal Insurance in ~~the first nine months~~both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers ~~primarily in the second quarter of 2020~~ in response ~~to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Gross and net written premiums in Bond & Specialty Insurance in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by lower surety volumes, primarily due~~ to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Factors contributing to the changes in gross and net written premiums in each segment are discussed in more detail in the segment discussions that follow.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT

Business Insurance

Results of Business Insurance were as follows:

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Earned premiums $ 3,841 $ 3,882 $ 11,440 $ 11,407
Net investment income 498 457 1,131 1,365
Fee income 95 114 305 329
Other revenues 58 39 125 112
Total revenues 4,492 4,492 13,001 13,213
Total claims and expenses 4,088 4,319 12,358 12,136
Segment income before income taxes 404 173 643 1,077
Income tax expense (benefit) 39 (6) 47 133
Segment income $ 365 $ 179 $ 596 $ 944
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio 71.8 % 76.6 % 72.8 % 71.3 %
Underwriting expense ratio 30.5 30.4 31.0 30.8
Combined ratio 102.3 % 107.0 % 103.8 % 102.1 %


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Revenues
Earned premiums	$	3,880		$	3,735		$	7,679		$	7,599
Net investment income	615			180			1,138			633
Fee income	97			108			192			210
Other revenues	57			36			110			67
Total revenues	4,649			4,059			9,119			8,509

Total claims and expenses	3,869			4,158			7,967			8,270

Segment income (loss) before income taxes	780			(99)			1,152			239
Income tax expense (benefit)	137			(41)			192			8
Segment income (loss)	$	643		$	(58)		$	960		$	231

Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	64.3		%	75.8		%	68.2		%	73.3		%
Underwriting expense ratio	31.0			31.3			31.1			31.3
Combined ratio	95.3		%	107.1		%	99.3		%	104.6		%

Overview

Segment income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$365~~$643 million, ~~$186 million or 104% higher than~~compared with a segment ~~income~~loss of ~~$179~~$58 million in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher net investment income, (ii) lower catastrophe losses, (iii) higher underlying underwriting margins and (iv) net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development ~~(ii) higher underlying underwriting margins, (iii) higher~~compared to no net ~~investment income and (iv) lower catastrophe losses (including recoveries under the Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty). Net unfavorable~~ prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~same period of 2020. Catastrophe losses in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019 was $220~~were $149 million and ~~$316~~$377 million, respectively. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2021 was $73 million. The higher underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends, (ii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses, (iii) higher business volumes and (iv) a modest net charge associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions in the second quarter of 2020. The segment recorded income tax expense in the second quarter of 2021 compared with an income tax benefit in the same period of 2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

Segment income in the first six months of 2021 was $960 million, $729 million or 316% higher than segment income of $231 million in the same period of 2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher net investment income, (ii) higher underlying underwriting margins and (iii) higher net favorable prior year reserve development, partially offset by (iv) higher catastrophe losses. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first six months of 2021 and 2020 was $207 million and $5 million, respectively. Catastrophe losses in the ~~third quarters~~first six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ were ~~$97~~$655 million and ~~$116~~$572 million, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the ~~impact~~impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends in the first six months of 2021 and (ii) a ~~modest favorable impact from~~net charge associated with COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions.~~conditions in the first six months of 2020. Income tax expense in the ~~third quarter~~first six months of ~~2020~~2021 was higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in income before income taxes.

Segment income in the first nine months of 2020 was $596 million, $348 million or 37% lower than segment income of $944 million in the same period of 2019. The decrease in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher catastrophe losses (including recoveries under the Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty) and (ii) lower net investment income, partially offset by (iii) lower net unfavorable prior year reserve development. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 were $669 million and $422 million, respectively. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 was $215 million and $266 million, respectively. The net unfavorable impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on underlying underwriting margins was modest. Income tax expense in the first nine months of 2020 was lower than in the same period of 2019, primarily reflecting the impact of the decrease in income before income taxes.

4539

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Revenues

Earned Premiums

Earned premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 of ~~$3.84~~$3.88 billion ~~decreased~~increased by 4% from the same period of 2020. Earned premiums in the first six months of 2021 of $7.68 billion increased by 1% from the same period of ~~2019. Earned premiums in the first nine months of 2020 of $11.44 billion were comparable with the same period of 2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 were negatively impacted by lower net written premiums in the preceding twelve months due to a modest reduction in exposures and a decrease in new business volume, ~~as well as~~in each case driven by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Earned premiums in Business Insurance in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by reduced exposures and reductions in the Company's estimate of ultimate audit premiums receivable, in each case ~~impacted by~~reflecting the impact of COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions.~~conditions, including a decrease in new business levels.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$498~~$615 million, ~~$41~~$435 million or 9%242% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net investment income in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$1.13~~$1.14 billion, ~~$234~~$505 million or ~~17% lower~~80% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Refer to the “Net Investment Income” section of the “Consolidated Results of Operations” discussion herein for a description of the factors contributing to the ~~changes~~increases in the Company’s consolidated net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 compared with the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. In addition, refer to note 2 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report for a discussion of the Company’s net investment income allocation methodology.

Fee Income

National Accounts is the primary source of fee income due to revenue from its large deductible policies and service businesses, which include risk management, claims administration, loss control and risk management information services provided to third parties, as well as ~~claims~~policy issuance and ~~policy~~claims management services to workers' compensation residual market pools. Fee income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$95~~$97 million, ~~$19~~$11 million or ~~17%~~10% lower than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Fee income in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$305~~$192 million, ~~$24~~$18 million or 7%9% lower than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The decreases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 reflected lower claim volume under administration associated with its service businesses.

Other Revenues

Other revenues in the ~~third quarters~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~both~~2021 were $57 million and $110 million, respectively, $21 million and $43 million higher, respectively, than in the same periods of 2020, ~~and 2019 included~~primarily reflecting growth in revenues from Simply ~~Business, as well as~~Business. Other revenues also included installment premium charges and other policyholder service charges.

Claims and Expenses

Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$2.80~~$2.54 billion, ~~$224~~$341 million or 7%12% lower than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) lower catastrophes, (ii) reduced exposures, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, (iii) net favorable prior year reserve development compared to no net prior year reserve development in the same period of 2020 and (iv) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses, partially offset by (v) loss cost trends. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the second quarter of 2020 were unfavorably impacted by modestly higher loss estimates in certain product lines associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first six months of 2021 were $5.33 billion, $344 million or 6% lower than in the same period of 2020, primarily reflecting the impact of (i) reduced exposures, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions and ~~also including a decrease in new business levels,~~ (ii) ~~lower~~higher net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development, ~~and (iii) lower catastrophe losses,~~ partially offset by ~~(iv)~~(iii) loss cost ~~trends. Catastrophe losses in the third quarter of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty.~~

trends and (iv) higher catastrophe losses. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2020 were ~~$8.48 billion, $181 million or 2%~~unfavorably impacted by modestly higher ~~than~~loss estimates in ~~the same period of 2019, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) higher catastrophe losses and (ii) loss cost trends, partially offset by (iii) reduced exposures, including the impact of~~certain product lines associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions, and also including a decrease in new business levels and (iv) lower net unfavorable prior year reserve development. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty.conditions.

~~Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 included the impact of subrogation recoveries related to wildfires in California in 2017 and 2018.~~ Factors contributing to net prior year reserve development during the ~~third~~second quarters and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 are discussed in more detail in note 7 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$633~~$642 million, ~~comparable with~~$20 million or 3% higher than the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$1.89~~$1.27 billion, ~~$24~~$11 million or 1% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~

2020. The changes in both periods of 2021 were generally consistent with the changes in earned premiums.

4640

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$651~~$688 million, $6$32 million or ~~1% lower~~5% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. General and administrative expenses in the ~~third quarter~~first six months of 2021 were $1.37 billion, $30 million or 2% higher than in the same period of 2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 were primarily in support of business growth. General and administrative expenses in the second quarters and first six months of both 2021 and 2020 included the benefit of lower travel-related expenses attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. General and administrative expenses in the second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of 2020 ~~were $1.99 billion, $17 million or 1% higher than in the same period of 2019. General and administrative expenses in the first nine months of 2020~~also included ~~the benefit of lower travel-related expenses, partially offset by~~ an increased allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable ~~in each case~~ attributable to ~~the impact of~~ COVID-19 and related economic conditions. ~~General and administrative expenses in the first nine months of 2019 included a benefit related to a state assessment in the first quarter of 2019.~~

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$39~~$137 million, compared with an income tax benefit of $6$41 million in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$231~~$879 million increase in income before income taxes. Income tax expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$47~~$192 million, ~~$86~~$184 million ~~or 65% lower~~higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$434~~$913 million ~~decrease~~increase in income before income taxes.

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio of ~~102.3%~~95.3% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~4.7~~11.8 points lower than the combined ratio of ~~107.0%~~107.1% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~71.8%~~64.3% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~4.8~~11.5 points lower than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~76.6%~~75.8% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~30.5%~~31.0% for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.1~~0.3 points ~~higher~~lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~30.4%~~31.3% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the ~~third~~second quarters of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~2.5~~3.9 points and ~~3.0~~10.1 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third quarters~~second quarter of ~~2020 and 2019 accounted for 5.8 points and 8.1~~2021 provided 1.9 points of benefit to the combined ratio. There was no net prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2020. The underlying combined ratio in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~1.9~~3.7 points lower than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends, (ii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses and ~~(ii)~~(iii) a modest net ~~favorable impact from~~charge associated with COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions.~~conditions in the second quarter of 2020.

The combined ratio of ~~103.8%~~99.3% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~1.7~~5.3 points ~~higher~~lower than the combined ratio of ~~102.1%~~104.6% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~72.8%~~68.2% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~1.5~~5.1 points ~~higher~~lower than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~71.3%~~73.3% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~31.0%~~31.1% for the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was 0.2 points ~~higher~~lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~30.8%~~31.3% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~5.8~~8.5 points and ~~3.7~~7.5 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019 accounted for 1.9~~provided 2.7 points and ~~2.3~~0.0 points of benefit to the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~level with~~3.6 points lower than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same ~~basis.~~basis, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends in the first six months of 2021 and (ii) a net charge associated with COVID-19 and related economic conditions ~~had a modest net unfavorable impact.~~in the first six months of 2020.

~~Written Premiums~~

~~Business Insurance’s gross and net written premiums by market were as follows:~~

Gross Written Premiums
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Domestic:
Select Accounts $ 661 $ 698 $ 2,218 $ 2,270
Middle Market 2,258 2,271 6,934 6,946
National Accounts 335 377 1,162 1,211
National Property and Other 745 675 1,940 1,811
Total Domestic 3,999 4,021 12,254 12,238
International 231 250 897 956
Total Business Insurance $ 4,230 $ 4,271 $ 13,151 $ 13,194

4741

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Net Written Premiums
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Domestic:
Select Accounts $ 658 $ 695 $ 2,191 $ 2,236
Middle Market 2,131 2,150 6,499 6,569
National Accounts 239 273 755 800
National Property and Other 602 553 1,615 1,528
Total Domestic 3,630 3,671 11,060 11,133
International 203 218 740 793
Total Business Insurance $ 3,833 $ 3,889 $ 11,800 $ 11,926
Written Premiums

Business Insurance’s gross and net written premiums by market were as follows:


	Gross Written Premiums
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Domestic:
Select Accounts	$	727	$	736	$	1,478	$	1,557
Middle Market	2,243		2,107		4,808		4,676
National Accounts	314		319		811		827
National Property and Other	713		639		1,313		1,195
Total Domestic	3,997		3,801		8,410		8,255
International	359		326		722		666
Total Business Insurance	$	4,356	$	4,127	$	9,132	$	8,921


	Net Written Premiums
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Domestic:
Select Accounts	$	726	$	734	$	1,455	$	1,533
Middle Market	2,087		1,960		4,471		4,368
National Accounts	213		215		503		516
National Property and Other	647		585		1,092		1,013
Total Domestic	3,673		3,494		7,521		7,430
International	307		283		584		537
Total Business Insurance	$	3,980	$	3,777	$	8,105	$	7,967

Gross written premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first six months of ~~2020 decreased~~2021 increased by 1%6% and 2%, respectively, from the same ~~period~~periods of ~~2019. Gross written premiums in the first nine months of 2020 were comparable with the same period of 2019.~~2020. Net written premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 both decreased~~2021 increased by 1%5% and 2%, respectively, from the same periods of 2019. Gross and net written premiums in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by a modest reduction in exposures and a decrease in new business volume, both impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions.2020.

Select Accounts. Net written premiums of ~~$658~~$726 million in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 decreased by 1% from the same period of 2020. Net written premiums of $1.46 billion in the first six months of 2021 decreased by 5% from the same period of ~~2019. Net written premiums of $2.19 billion in the first nine months of 2020 decreased by 2% from the same period of 2019.~~2020. Retention rates remained strong in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 but declined from the same periods of 2020. Renewal premium changes in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 remained positive but were lower than in the same periods of 2019. New business premiums in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 decreased from the same periods of 2019.~~

~~Middle Market.~~ Net written premiums of $2.13 billion in the third quarter of 2020 decreased by 1% from the same period of 2019. Net written premiums of $6.50 billion in the first nine months of 2020 decreased by 1% from the same period of 2019. Retention rates remained strong in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020. Renewal premium changes in the third quarter and first nine months of 20202021 remained positive and were higher than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. New business premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter ~~and~~of 2021 increased over the same period of 2020. New business premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 decreased ~~from the same periods of 2019.~~

~~National Accounts.~~ ~~Net written premiums of $239 million in the third quarter of 2020 decreased by 12%~~ from the same period of ~~2019.~~ 2020.

Middle Market. Net written premiums of ~~$755 million~~$2.09 billion in the ~~first nine months~~second quarter of ~~2020 decreased~~2021 increased by 6% from the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net written premiums of $4.47 billion in the ~~third quarter and~~ first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2019 included a benefit related to a transaction to close out prior year liabilities with a former customer.~~2021 increased by 2% from the same period of 2020. Retention rates remained strong in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020.~~2021. Renewal premium changes in the third quarter of 2020 were negative, compared with positive in the same period of 2019. Renewal premium changes in the first nine months of 2020 were positive and higher than in the same period of 2019. New business premiums in the third quarter of 2020 increased over the same period of 2019. New business premiums in the first nine months of 2020 decreased from the same period of 2019.

~~National Property and Other.~~ Net written premiums of $602 million in the third quarter of 2020 increased by 9% over the same period of 2019. Net written premiums of $1.62 billion in the first nine months of 2020 increased by 6% over the same period of 2019. Retention rates declined in the thirdsecond quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020. Renewal premium changes in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020~~2021 remained positive and were higher than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. New business premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 decreased slightly from~~2021 increased over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020.

~~International.~~National Accounts. Net written premiums of ~~$203~~$213 million in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 decreased by 7%1% from the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net written premiums of ~~$740~~$503 million in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 decreased by 7%3% from the same period of ~~2019. The declines in both periods of 2020 were primarily driven by decreases~~2020. Retention rates remained strong in the ~~Company's operations in Canada~~second quarter and ~~at Lloyd's.~~

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

~~Bond & Specialty Insurance~~

~~Results~~first six months of ~~Bond & Specialty Insurance were as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Earned premiums $ 723 $ 653 $ 2,083 $ 1,891
Net investment income 58 59 155 173
Other revenues 7 7 17 19
Total revenues 788 719 2,255 2,083
Total claims and expenses 649 550 1,879 1,521
Segment income before income taxes 139 169 376 562
Income tax expense 24 30 67 111
Segment income $ 115 $ 139 $ 309 $ 451
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio 54.0 % 45.7 % 53.6 % 42.2 %
Underwriting expense ratio 35.3 37.6 36.1 37.6
Combined ratio 89.3 % 83.3 % 89.7 % 79.8 %

~~Overview~~

~~Segment income~~2021. Renewal premium changes in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020 was $115 million, $24 million or 17% lower~~2021 remained positive and were higher than ~~segment income of $139 million~~ in the same period of ~~2019. The decrease in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impact of lower underlying underwriting margins. There was no net prior year reserve development~~2020. Renewal premium changes in the ~~the third quarter~~first six months of ~~2020. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter of 2019 was $3 million. Catastrophe losses in the third quarters of 2020~~2021 remained positive and ~~2019~~ were $2 million and $1 million, respectively. The lower underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of higher loss estimates for management liability coverages, primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, partially offset by higher business volumes. Income tax expense in the third quarter of 2020 wasslightly lower than in the same period of ~~2019, primarily reflecting the impact of the decrease in segment income before income taxes.~~

~~Segment income~~2020. New business premiums in the ~~first nine months~~second quarter of ~~2020 was $309 million, $142 million or 31% lower than segment income of $451 million in~~2021 were comparable with the same period of ~~2019. The decrease in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) lower underlying underwriting margins and (ii) net unfavorable prior year reserve development~~2020. New business premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 compared to net favorable prior year reserve development in~~2021 increased over the same period of 2019. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2020 was $33 million, as compared to net favorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2019 of $45 million. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 were $10 million and $4 million, respectively. The lower underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of higher loss estimates for management liability coverages, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, partially offset by higher business volumes. Income tax expense in the first nine months of 2020 was lower than in the same period of 2019, primarily reflecting the impact of the decrease in segment income before income taxes.

~~Revenues~~

~~Earned Premiums~~

Earned premiums in the third quarter of 2020 were $723 million, $70 million or 11% higher than in the same period of 2019. Earned premiums in the first nine months of 2020 were $2.08 billion, $192 million or 10% higher than in the same period of 2019. The increases in both periods of 2020 primarily reflected the increase in net written premiums over the preceding twelve months. Earned premiums in both periods of 2020 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

2020.

4942

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

National Property and Other. Net written premiums of $647 million in the second quarter of 2021 increased by 11% over the same period of 2020. Net written premiums of $1.09 billion in the first six months of 2021 increased by 8% over the same period of 2020. Retention rates remained strong in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 and increased over the same periods of 2020. Renewal premium changes in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 remained positive and were lower than in the same periods of 2020. New business premiums in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 decreased from the same periods of 2020.

International. Net written premiums of $307 million in the second quarter of 2021 increased by 8% over the same period of 2020. Net written premiums of $584 million in the first six months of 2021 increased by 9% over the same period of 2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 were primarily driven by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and the Company's operations at Lloyd's.

Bond & Specialty Insurance

Results of Bond & Specialty Insurance were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Revenues
Earned premiums	$	776		$	693		$	1,519		$	1,360
Net investment income	64			42			123			97
Other revenues	7			5			12			10
Total revenues	847			740			1,654			1,467

Total claims and expenses	612			654			1,250			1,230

Segment income before income taxes	235			86			404			237
Income tax expense	48			14			80			43
Segment income	$	187		$	72		$	324		$	194

Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	42.6		%	57.8		%	46.2		%	53.4		%
Underwriting expense ratio	35.5			36.0			35.4			36.5
Combined ratio	78.1		%	93.8		%	81.6		%	89.9		%

Overview

Segment income in the second quarter of 2021 was $187 million, $115 million or 160% higher than segment income of $72 million in the same period of 2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) net favorable prior year reserve development compared with net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the same period of 2020, (ii) higher underlying underwriting margins and (iii) higher net investment income. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2021 was $44 million, as compared to net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2020 of $33 million. Catastrophe losses in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020 were $3 million and $7 million, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends and (ii) higher business volumes. Underlying underwriting margins in the second quarters of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss activity related to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Income tax expense in the second quarter of 2021 was higher than in the same period of 2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

Segment income in the first six months of 2021 was $324 million, $130 million or 67% higher than segment income of $194 million in the same period of 2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) net favorable prior year reserve development compared to net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the same period of 2020, (ii) higher underlying underwriting margins and (iii) higher net investment income, partially offset by (iv) higher catastrophe losses. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first six months of 2021 was $59 million, as compared to net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first six months of 2020 of $33 million. Catastrophe losses in the first six months of 2021 and 2020 were $27 million and $8 million, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends and (ii) higher business volumes.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Underlying underwriting margins in the first six months of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss activity related to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Income tax expense in the first six months of 2021 was higher than in the same period of 2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

Revenues

Earned Premiums

Earned premiums in the second quarter of 2021 were $776 million, $83 million or 12% higher than in the same period of 2020. Earned premiums in the first six months of 2021 were $1.52 billion, $159 million or 12% higher than in the same period of 2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 primarily reflected the increase in net written premiums over the preceding twelve months. Earned premiums in both periods of 2021 and 2020 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$58~~$64 million, $1$22 million or ~~2% lower~~52% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net investment income in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$155~~$123 million, ~~$18~~$26 million or ~~10% lower~~27% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Included in Bond & Specialty Insurance are certain legal entities whose invested assets and related net investment income are reported exclusively in this segment and not allocated among all business segments. Refer to the “Net Investment Income” section of “Consolidated Results of Operations” herein for a discussion of the ~~changes~~increase in the Company’s consolidated net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter ~~and first nine months~~ of ~~2020~~2021 compared with the same ~~periods~~period of ~~2019.~~2020. In addition, refer to note 2 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report for a discussion of the Company’s net investment income allocation methodology.

Claims and Expenses

Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$392~~$335 million, ~~$89~~$68 million or ~~29% higher~~17% lower than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) net favorable prior year reserve development compared with net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the same period of 2020 and (ii) lower catastrophe losses, partially offset by (iii) higher business volumes. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the second quarters of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss ~~estimates for management liability coverages, primarily due~~activity related to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions, and (ii) higher business volumes.~~conditions.

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$1.12 billion, $315~~$709 million, $21 million or ~~39% higher~~3% lower than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the ~~impacts~~impact of (i) net ~~unfavorable~~favorable prior year reserve development compared to net ~~favorable~~unfavorable prior year reserve development in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, partially offset by (ii) higher business volumes and (iii) higher catastrophe losses. Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first six months of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss ~~estimates for management liability coverages, including~~activity related to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions, and (iii) higher business volumes.~~conditions.

Factors contributing to net prior year reserve development during the third quarter of 2019 and first nine months of 2020 and 2019 are discussed in more detail in note 7 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$133~~$142 million, ~~$10~~$14 million or 8%11% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$385~~$276 million, ~~$32~~$24 million or 9%10% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 were generally consistent with the increases in earned premiums.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$124~~$135 million, ~~level with~~$12 million or 10% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. General and administrative expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$372~~$265 million, ~~$11~~$17 million or 3%7% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The ~~increase~~increases in ~~the first nine months~~both periods of ~~2020~~2021 primarily reflected the ~~impact~~impacts of higher business ~~volumes, partially offset by~~volumes. The benefit of lower travel-related expenses ~~attributable~~related to COVID-19 and related economic ~~conditions.~~conditions in the first six months of 2021 was higher compared to the benefit in the same period of 2020.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$24~~$48 million, $6$34 million or ~~20% lower~~243% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$30~~$149 million ~~decrease~~increase in segment income before income taxes. Income tax expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$67~~$80 million, ~~$44~~$37 million or ~~40% lower~~86% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$186~~$167 million ~~decrease~~increase in segment income before income taxes.

~~Combined Ratio~~

The combined ratio of 89.3% in the third quarter of 2020 was 6.0 points higher than the combined ratio of 83.3% in the same period of 2019. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of 54.0% in the third quarter of 2020 was 8.3 points higher than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of 45.7% in the same period of 2019. The underwriting expense ratio of 35.3% in the third quarter of 2020 was 2.3 points lower than the underwriting expense ratio of 37.6% in the same period of 2019.

There was no prior year reserve development in the third quarter of 2020. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the third quarter of 2019 provided 0.5 points of benefit to the combined ratio. Catastrophe losses in the third quarters of 2020 and 2019 accounted for 0.3 points and 0.2 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the third quarter of 2020 was 5.4 points higher than the 2019 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the impact of higher loss estimates for management liability coverages, primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

5044

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio of ~~89.7%~~78.1% in the ~~first nine months~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~9.9~~15.7 points ~~higher~~lower than the combined ratio of ~~79.8%~~93.8% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~53.6%~~42.6% in the ~~first nine months~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~11.4~~15.2 points ~~higher~~lower than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~42.2%~~57.8% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~36.1%~~35.5% in the ~~first nine months~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~1.5~~0.5 points lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~37.6%~~36.0% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2021 provided 5.7 points of benefit to the combined ratio. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the second quarter of 2020 accounted for 4.7 points of the combined ratio. Catastrophe losses in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020 accounted for 0.4 points and 1.0 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the second quarter of 2021 was 4.7 points lower than the 2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends and (ii) a lower expense ratio resulting primarily from higher premium volumes. The underlying combined ratio in the second quarters of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss activity related to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

The combined ratio of 81.6% in the first six months of 2021 was 8.3 points lower than the combined ratio of 89.9% in the same period of 2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of 46.2% in the first six months of 2021 was 7.2 points lower than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of 53.4% in the same period of 2020. The underwriting expense ratio of 35.4% in the first six months of 2021 was 1.1 points lower than the underwriting expense ratio of 36.5% in the same period of 2020.

Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first six months of 2021 provided 3.9 points of benefit to the combined ratio. Net unfavorable prior year reserve development in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2020 accounted for ~~1.5~~2.4 points of ~~the combined ratio. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2019 provided 2.3 points of benefit to~~ the combined ratio. Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~0.5~~1.7 points and ~~0.2~~0.6 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~5.8~~3.1 points ~~higher~~lower than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the ~~impact~~impacts of (i) earned pricing that exceeded loss cost trends and (ii) a lower expense ratio resulting primarily from higher premium volumes. The underlying combined ratio in the first six months of both 2021 and 2020 included comparable loss ~~estimates for management liability coverages, including the impact of~~activity related to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Written Premiums

The Bond & Specialty Insurance segment’s gross and net written premiums were as follows:


		Gross Written Premiums															Gross Written Premiums
		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Domestic:	Domestic:									Domestic:
Management Liability	Management Liability	$	503	$	455	$	1,407	$	1,276	Management Liability	$	553	$	466	$	1,055	$	904
Surety	Surety	219		242		697		715		Surety	239		228		474		478
Total Domestic	Total Domestic	722		697		2,104		1,991		Total Domestic	792		694		1,529		1,382
International	International	81		73		219		188		International	127		76		224		138
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	$	803	$	770	$	2,323	$	2,179	Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	$	919	$	770	$	1,753	$	1,520


		Net Written Premiums															Net Written Premiums
		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Domestic:	Domestic:									Domestic:
Management Liability	Management Liability	$	467	$	424	$	1,306	$	1,194	Management Liability	$	497	$	438	$	941	$	839
Surety	Surety	208		232		643		660		Surety	232		220		432		435
Total Domestic	Total Domestic	675		656		1,949		1,854		Total Domestic	729		658		1,373		1,274
International	International	79		72		202		171		International	125		76		204		123
Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	$	754	$	728	$	2,151	$	2,025	Total Bond & Specialty Insurance	$	854	$	734	$	1,577	$	1,397

Gross and net written premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020 both~~2021 increased by 4%19% and 16%, respectively, over the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Gross and net written premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 increased by 7%15% and 6%13%, respectively, over the same

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

period of ~~2019.~~2020. Gross and net written premiums in both periods of 2021 and 2020 were negatively impacted by lower surety volumes, primarily due to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Domestic. Net written premiums of ~~$675~~$729 million in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 increased by 3%11% over the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net written premiums of ~~$1.95~~$1.37 billion in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 increased by 5%8% over the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Excluding the surety line of business, for which the following are not relevant measures, retention rates remained strong in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 but declined from the same periods of 2020. Renewal premium changes in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 remained positive and were higher than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. New business premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter ~~and~~of 2021 increased over the same period of 2020. New business premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 decreased from the same ~~periods~~period of ~~2019.~~2020.

International. Net written premiums of ~~$79~~$125 million and ~~$202~~$204 million in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, increased by ~~10%~~64% and ~~18%~~66%, respectively, over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 were primarily driven by increases in the United ~~Kingdom.~~Kingdom and Canada, including the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Personal Insurance

Results of Personal Insurance were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Revenues
Earned premiums	$	2,960		$	2,527		$	5,804		$	5,225
Net investment income	139			46			258			149
Fee income	7			6			13			12
Other revenues	24			10			47			32
Total revenues	3,130			2,589			6,122			5,418

Total claims and expenses	2,984			2,580			5,582			4,989

Segment income before income taxes	146			9			540			429
Income tax expense (benefit)	25			(1)			105			83
Segment income	$	121		$	10		$	435		$	346

Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio	73.3		%	72.2		%	68.6		%	66.9		%
Underwriting expense ratio	26.4			29.1			26.5			27.6
Combined ratio	99.7		%	101.3		%	95.1		%	94.5		%

Overview

Segment income in the second quarter of 2021 was $121 million, $111 million higher than segment income of $10 million in the same period of 2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) lower catastrophe losses, (ii) higher net investment income and (iii) higher net favorable prior year reserve development, partially offset by (iv) lower underlying underwriting margins. Catastrophe losses in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020 were $323 million and $470 million, respectively. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020 was $65 million and $35 million, respectively. The lower underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of (i) higher losses in the homeowners and other product line and (ii) higher losses in the automobile product line due to a comparison to a low level of loss activity (net of premium refunds) in the prior year quarter as a result of the pandemic, partially offset by (iii) higher business volumes. Income tax expense in the second quarter of 2021 was higher than in the same period of 2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

5146

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

~~Personal Insurance~~

~~Results of Personal Insurance were as follows:~~

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues
Earned premiums $ 2,816 $ 2,644 $ 8,041 $ 7,724
Net investment income 115 106 264 314
Fee income 6 7 18 17
Other revenues 21 22 53 65
Total revenues 2,958 2,779 8,376 8,120
Total claims and expenses 2,459 2,620 7,448 7,512
Segment income before income taxes 499 159 928 608
Income tax expense 107 28 190 111
Segment income $ 392 $ 131 $ 738 $ 497
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio 60.0 % 71.8 % 64.5 % 69.8 %
Underwriting expense ratio 26.4 26.2 27.2 26.4
Combined ratio 86.4 % 98.0 % 91.7 % 96.2 %

~~Overview~~

Segment income in the ~~third quarter~~first six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$392~~$435 million, ~~$261~~$89 million or ~~199%~~26% higher than segment income of ~~$131~~$346 million in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher net favorable prior year reserve development and (ii) higher ~~underlying underwriting margins,~~net investment income, partially offset by (iii) ~~higher catastrophe losses (including recoveries under the Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty).~~lower underlying underwriting margins. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third quarters~~first six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$362~~$233 million and ~~$19~~$57 million, respectively. Catastrophe losses in the ~~third quarters~~first six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ were ~~$298~~$628 million and ~~$124~~$607 million, respectively. The ~~higher~~lower underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of ~~lower~~(i) higher losses in the automobile product line due to a decrease in miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions and higher business volumes, partially offset by higher non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires, in the homeowners and other product ~~line.~~line, partially offset by (ii) higher business volumes. Income tax expense in the ~~third quarter~~first six months of ~~2020~~2021 was higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

Segment income in the first nine months of 2020 was $738 million, $241 million or 48% higher than segment income of $497 million in the same period of 2019. The increase in segment income before income taxes primarily reflected the pre-tax impacts of (i) higher underlying underwriting margins and (ii) higher net favorable prior year reserve development, partially offset by (iii) higher catastrophe losses (including recoveries under the Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty) and (iv) lower net investment income. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 was $419 million and $101 million, respectively. Catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 were $905 million and $375 million, respectively. The higher underlying underwriting margins primarily reflected the impacts of lower losses in the automobile product line due to a decrease in miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions (net of premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers primarily in the second quarter of 2020), lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses in the homeowners and other product line and higher business volumes. Income tax expense in the first nine months of 2020 was higher than in the same period of 2019, primarily reflecting the impact of the increase in segment income before income taxes.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Revenues

Earned Premiums

Earned premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$2.82~~$2.96 billion, ~~$172~~$433 million or 7%17% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Earned premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$8.04~~$5.80 billion, ~~$317~~$579 million or 4%11% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 primarily reflected the increase in net written premiums over the preceding twelve months. Net written ~~premiums~~ and earned premiums in ~~the first nine months~~both periods of 2021 were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Net written and earned premiums in both periods of 2020 were reduced by premium refunds provided ~~primarily~~ in the second quarter of 2020 to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$115~~$139 million, $9$93 million or 8%202% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Net investment income in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$264~~$258 million, ~~$50~~$109 million or ~~16% lower~~73% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. Refer to the “Net Investment Income” section of the “Consolidated Results of Operations” discussion herein for a description of the factors contributing to the ~~changes~~increases in the Company’s consolidated net investment income in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 compared with the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. In addition, refer to note 2 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report for a discussion of the Company’s net investment income allocation methodology.

Other Revenues

Other revenues in the ~~third~~second quarters and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 primarily consisted of installment premium charges. Installment premium charges in both periods of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~lower~~higher than in the same periods of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily ~~attributable~~attributed to the impact of billing relief actions offered to customers as a result of ~~COVID-19.~~COVID-19 in the second quarter of 2020.

Claims and Expenses

Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$1.69~~$2.17 billion, ~~$209~~$347 million or ~~11% lower~~19% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) higher ~~net favorable prior year reserve development and (ii) lower~~ losses in the automobile product line due to a ~~decrease~~comparison to a low level of loss activity in ~~miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions, partially offset by (iii)~~the prior year quarter as a result of the pandemic, (ii) higher ~~catastrophe~~ losses ~~(iv) loss cost trends, (v) higher non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires,~~ in the homeowners and other product line, (iii) higher business volumes and (iv) loss cost trends, partially offset by (v) lower catastrophe losses and (vi) higher business volumes. Catastrophe losses and non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires, in the third quarter of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty.net favorable prior year reserve development.

Claims and claim adjustment expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$5.19~~$3.98 billion, ~~$207~~$484 million or ~~4% lower~~14% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impacts of (i) higher ~~net favorable prior year reserve development,~~losses in the homeowners and other product line, (ii) ~~lower~~higher losses in the automobile product line due to a ~~decrease in miles driven attributable~~comparison to ~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions and (iii) lower non-catastrophe weather-related losses~~a low level of loss activity in the ~~homeowners~~prior year period as a result of the pandemic, (iii) higher business volumes and ~~other product line,~~(iv) loss cost trends, partially offset by ~~(iv)~~(v) higher catastrophe losses, (v) loss cost trends and (vi) higher business volumes. Catastrophe losses and non-catastrophe weather-related losses in the first nine months of 2020 were reduced by recoveries under the Company's Underlying Property Aggregate Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty.

~~Net~~net favorable prior year reserve ~~development in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 primarily resulted from subrogation recoveries related to wildfires in California in 2017 and 2018.~~ development.

Factors contributing to net favorable prior year reserve development during the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 are discussed in more detail in note 7 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

~~Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs~~

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the third quarter of 2020 was $441 million, $29 million or 7% higher than in the same period of 2019. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the first nine months of 2020 was $1.28 billion, $82 million or 7% higher than in the same period of 2019. The increases in both periods of 2020 were generally consistent with the increases in earned premiums before the impact of premium refunds referred to above.

5347

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the second quarter of 2021 was $470 million, $47 million or 11% higher than in the same period of 2020. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the first six months of 2021 was $916 million, $75 million or 9% higher than in the same period of 2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 were generally consistent with the increases in earned premiums before the impact of premium refunds referred to above.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$328~~$343 million, ~~$19~~$10 million or 6%3% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. General and administrative expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$981~~$687 million, ~~$61~~$34 million or 7%5% higher than in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The increases in both periods of 2021 primarily reflected the impacts of higher business volumes and normal variability in expenses. The totals in both periods of 2020 included higher contingent commissions and an increased allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable, in each case due to the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions. ~~The increases in both periods of 2020 also reflected the impact of higher business volumes.~~

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$107~~$25 million, ~~$79~~compared with an income tax benefit of $1 million ~~or 282% higher than~~ in same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the impact of the ~~$340~~$137 million increase in segment income before income taxes. Income tax expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$190~~$105 million, ~~$79~~$22 million or ~~71%~~27% higher than in the same period of ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the ~~$320~~$111 million increase in segment income before income taxes.

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio of ~~86.4%~~99.7% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~11.6~~1.6 points lower than the combined ratio of ~~98.0%~~101.3% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~60.0%~~73.3% in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~11.8~~1.1 points ~~lower~~higher than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~71.8%~~72.2% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of 26.4% for the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.2~~2.7 points ~~higher~~lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~26.2%~~29.1% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the ~~third~~second quarters of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~10.5~~10.9 points and ~~4.7~~18.6 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the ~~third~~second quarters of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ provided ~~12.8~~2.2 points and ~~0.7~~1.3 points, respectively, of benefit to the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~5.3~~7.0 points ~~lower~~higher than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the impacts of ~~lower~~(i) higher losses in the homeowners and other product line and (ii) higher losses in the automobile product line due to a ~~decrease in miles driven attributable~~comparison to ~~COVID-19 and related economic conditions, partially offset by higher non-catastrophe weather-related losses, including losses from wildfires,~~a low level of loss activity (net of premium refunds) in the ~~homeowners and other product line.~~prior year quarter as a result of the pandemic.

The combined ratio of ~~91.7%~~95.1% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~4.5~~0.6 points ~~lower~~higher than the combined ratio of ~~96.2%~~94.5% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~64.5%~~68.6% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~5.3~~1.7 points ~~lower~~higher than the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio of ~~69.8%~~66.9% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020. The underwriting expense ratio of ~~27.2%~~26.5% in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~0.8~~1.1 points ~~higher~~lower than the underwriting expense ratio of ~~26.4%~~27.6% in the same period of ~~2019.~~2020.

Catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019~~2020 accounted for ~~11.3~~10.8 points and ~~4.9~~11.6 points, respectively, of the combined ratio. Net favorable prior year reserve development in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ provided ~~5.2~~4.0 points and ~~1.3~~1.1 points, respectively, of benefit ~~respectively,~~ to the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 was ~~7.0~~4.3 points ~~lower~~higher than the ~~2019~~2020 ratio on the same basis, primarily reflecting the ~~impacts~~impact of lower losses in the automobile product line due to a decrease in miles driven attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions (net of premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers primarily in the second quarter of 2020) and lower non-catastrophe weather-relatedhigher losses in the homeowners and other product line.

5448

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Written Premiums

Personal Insurance’s gross and net written premiums were as follows:


	Gross Written Premiums
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Domestic:
Automobile	$	1,472	$	1,207	$	2,859	$	2,553
Homeowners and Other	1,648		1,471		2,916		2,587
Total Domestic	3,120		2,678		5,775		5,140
International	202		176		344		322
Total Personal Insurance	$	3,322	$	2,854	$	6,119	$	5,462

Gross Written Premiums
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Domestic:
Agency:
Automobile $ 1,407 $ 1,352 $ 3,824 $ 3,896
Homeowners and Other 1,495 1,316 4,013 3,538
Total Agency 2,902 2,668 7,837 7,434
Direct-to-Consumer 125 115 330 316
Total Domestic 3,027 2,783 8,167 7,750
International 183 198 505 562
Total Personal Insurance $ 3,210 $ 2,981 $ 8,672 $ 8,312


	Net Written Premiums
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Domestic:
Automobile	$	1,467	$	1,204	$	2,842	$	2,537
Homeowners and Other	1,634		1,458		2,778		2,475
Total Domestic	3,101		2,662		5,620		5,012
International	200		173		338		316
Total Personal Insurance	$	3,301	$	2,835	$	5,958	$	5,328

Net Written Premiums
Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Domestic:
Agency:
Automobile $ 1,402 $ 1,347 $ 3,803 $ 3,871
Homeowners and Other 1,482 1,300 3,891 3,395
Total Agency 2,884 2,647 7,694 7,266
Direct-to-Consumer 124 115 326 313
Total Domestic 3,008 2,762 8,020 7,579
International 176 190 492 546
Total Personal Insurance $ 3,184 $ 2,952 $ 8,512 $ 8,125

~~Domestic Agency Written Premiums~~

~~Personal Insurance’s domestic Agency business comprises business written through agents, brokers and other intermediaries.~~

~~Domestic Agency gross~~Gross and net written premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter of ~~2020~~2021 both increased by 9%16% over the same period of ~~2019. Domestic Agency gross and net written premiums in the first nine months of 2020 increased by 5% and 6%, respectively, over the same period of 2019.~~2020. Gross and net written premiums in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 both increased by 12% over the same period of 2020. Gross and net written premiums in both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by premium refunds provided ~~primarily~~ in the second quarter of 2020 to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Domestic ~~Agency~~

Automobile net written premiums of ~~$1.40~~$1.47 billion and $2.84 billion in the ~~third~~second quarter and first six months of ~~2020~~2021, respectively, increased by 4%22% and 12%, respectively, over the same ~~period~~periods of ~~2019. Domestic Agency Automobile net written premiums of $3.80 billion in the first nine months of 2020 decreased by 2% from the same period of 2019.~~2020. Net written premiums in ~~the first nine months~~both periods of 2020 were negatively impacted by premium refunds provided in the second quarter of 2020 to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions. Retention rates remained strong in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020.~~2021. Renewal premium changes in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020 remained positive but~~2021 were not significant and were lower than in the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. New business premiums in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 increased over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020.

~~Domestic Agency~~ Homeowners and Other net written premiums of ~~$1.48~~$1.63 billion and ~~$3.89~~$2.78 billion in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020, respectively,~~2021 both increased by ~~14% and 15%, respectively,~~12% over the same periods of ~~2019.~~2020. Retention rates remained strong in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020.~~2021. Renewal premium changes in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 remained positive and were slightly higher than in the same periods of 2020. New business premiums in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 increased over the same periods of 2020.

For its Domestic business, Personal Insurance had approximately 8.7 million and 8.2 million active policies at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

International

International net written premiums of $200 million and $338 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2021, respectively, increased by 16% and 7%, respectively, from the same periods of 2020, primarily driven by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

5549

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

~~months of 2020 remained positive and were higher than in the same periods of 2019. New business premiums in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020 increased over the same periods of 2019.~~

For its ~~Domestic Agency~~International business, Personal Insurance had approximately ~~8.0 million~~486,000 and ~~7.5 million~~505,000 active policies at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019, respectively.~~

~~Direct-to-Consumer and International Written Premiums~~

~~Direct-to-Consumer net written premiums of $124 million and $326 million in the third quarter and first nine months of~~ 2020, increased by 8% and 4%, respectively, over the same periods of 2019. Net written premiums in the first nine months of 2020 were impacted by premium refunds provided in the second quarter of 2020 to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

International net written premiums of $176 million and $492 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively, decreased by 7% and 10%, respectively, from the same periods of 2019, primarily driven by declines in the automobile product line. Net written premiums in the first nine months of 2020 were impacted by premium refunds provided to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

~~For its direct-to-consumer and international business, Personal Insurance had approximately 844,000 and 889,000 active policies at September 30, 2020 and 2019,~~ respectively.

Interest Expense and Other


		Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	(in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Income (loss)	Income (loss)	$	(74)	$	(71)	$	(219)	$	(222)	Income (loss)	$	(72)	$	(74)	$	(141)	$	(145)

The Income (loss) for Interest Expense and Other in the ~~third~~second quarters of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$(74)~~$(72) million and ~~$(71)~~$(74) million, respectively. Pre-tax interest expense in the ~~third~~second quarters of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$87~~$83 million and ~~$84~~$85 million respectively. After-tax interest expense in the ~~third~~second quarters of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$69~~$65 million and ~~$66~~$67 million, respectively. The Income (loss) for Interest Expense and Other in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$(219)~~$(141) million and ~~$(222)~~$(145) million, respectively. Pre-tax interest expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$256~~$165 million and ~~$261~~$169 million, respectively. After-tax interest expense in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$202~~$130 million and ~~$206~~$133 million, respectively.

ASBESTOS CLAIMS AND LITIGATION

The Company believes that the property and casualty insurance industry has suffered from court decisions and other trends that have expanded insurance coverage for asbestos claims far beyond the original intent of insurers and policyholders. The Company has received and continues to receive a significant number of asbestos claims. Factors underlying these claim filings include continued intensive advertising by lawyers seeking asbestos claimants and the focus by plaintiffs on defendants, such as manufacturers of talcum powder, who were not traditionally primary targets of asbestos litigation. The focus on these defendants is primarily the result of the number of traditional asbestos defendants who have sought bankruptcy protection in previous years. The bankruptcy of many traditional defendants has also caused increased settlement demands against those policyholders who are not in bankruptcy but remain in the tort system. Currently, in many jurisdictions, those who allege very serious injury and who can present credible medical evidence of their injuries are receiving priority trial settings in the courts, while those who have not shown any credible disease manifestation are having their hearing dates delayed or placed on an inactive docket. Prioritizing claims involving credible evidence of injuries, along with the focus on defendants who were not traditionally primary targets of asbestos litigation, contributes to the claims and claim adjustment expense payment patterns experienced by the Company. The Company’s asbestos-related claims and claim adjustment expense experience also has been impacted by the unavailability of other insurance sources potentially available to policyholders, whether through exhaustion of policy limits or through the insolvency of other participating insurers.

The Company continues to be involved in disputes, including litigation, with a number of policyholders, some of whom are in bankruptcy, over coverage for asbestos-related claims. Many coverage disputes with policyholders are only resolved through settlement agreements. Because many policyholders make exaggerated demands, it is difficult to predict the outcome of settlement negotiations. Settlements involving bankrupt policyholders may include extensive releases which are favorable to the Company, but which could result in settlements for larger amounts than originally anticipated. Although the Company has seen

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

a reduction in the overall risk associated with these disputes, it remains difficult to predict the ultimate cost of these claims. As in the past, the Company will continue to pursue settlement opportunities.

In addition to claims against policyholders, proceedings have been launched directly against insurers, including the Company, by individuals challenging insurers’ conduct with respect to the handling of past asbestos claims and by individuals seeking damages arising from alleged asbestos-related bodily injuries. It is possible that other direct actions against insurers, including the Company, could be filed in the future. It is difficult to predict the outcome of these proceedings, including whether the plaintiffs would be able to sustain these actions against insurers based on novel legal theories of liability. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to any such claims and has received favorable rulings in certain jurisdictions.

Because each policyholder presents different liability and coverage issues, the Company generally reviews the exposure presented by each policyholder with open claims at least annually. Among the factors the Company may consider in the course of this review are: available insurance coverage, including the role of any umbrella or excess insurance the Company has issued to the policyholder; limits and deductibles; an analysis of the policyholder’s potential liability; the jurisdictions involved; past and anticipated future claim activity and loss development on pending claims; past settlement values of similar claims; allocated claim adjustment expense; the potential role of other insurance; the role, if any, of non-asbestos claims or potential non-asbestos claims in any resolution process; and applicable coverage defenses or determinations, if any, including the determination as to

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

whether or not an asbestos claim is a products/completed operation claim subject to an aggregate limit and the available coverage, if any, for that claim.

In the third quarter of 2020, the Company completed its annual in-depth asbestos claim review, including a review of active policyholders and litigation cases for potential product and "non-product" liability, and noted the continuation of the following trends:

•~~a high level of litigation activity in certain jurisdictions involving individuals alleging serious asbestos-related illness, primarily involving mesothelioma claims;~~

•~~while overall payment patterns have been generally stable, there has been an increase in severity for certain policyholders due to the high level of litigation activity; and~~

•~~a moderate level of asbestos-related bankruptcy activity.~~

In the home office and field office category, which accounts for the vast majority of policyholders with active asbestos-related claims, the number of policyholders with open asbestos claims declined slightly while gross asbestos-related payments increased slightly when compared to 2019. Payments on behalf of policyholders in this category continue to be influenced by a high level of litigation activity in a limited number of jurisdictions where individuals alleging serious asbestos-related injury, primarily mesothelioma, continue to target defendants who were not traditionally primary targets of asbestos litigation.

The Company’s quarterly asbestos reserve reviews include an analysis of exposure and claim payment patterns by policyholder, ~~category,~~ as well as recent settlements, policyholder bankruptcies, judicial rulings and legislative actions. The Company also analyzes developing payment patterns among policyholders ~~in the home office and field office category~~ and the assumed reinsurance ~~and other category~~component of reserves, as well as projected reinsurance billings and recoveries. In addition, the Company reviews its historical gross and net loss and expense paid experience, year-by-year, to assess any emerging trends, fluctuations, or characteristics suggested by the aggregate paid activity. Conventional actuarial methods are not utilized to establish asbestos reserves, and the Company’s evaluations have not resulted in a reliable method to determine a meaningful average asbestos defense or indemnity payment.

The completion of these reviews and analyses in the third quarters of 2020 and 2019 resulted in $295 million and $220 million increases, respectively, in the Company's net asbestos reserves. In both 2020 and 2019, the reserve increases were driven by increases in the Company's estimate of projected settlement and defense costs related to a broad number of policyholders in the home office and field office category. The increase in the estimate of projected settlement and defense costs primarily resulted from payment trends that continue to be higher than previously anticipated due to the continued high level of mesothelioma claim filings and the impact of the current litigation environment surrounding those claims discussed above. Over the past decade, the property and casualty insurance industry, including the Company, has experienced net unfavorable prior year reserve development with regard to asbestos reserves, but the Company believes that over that period there has been a reduction in the volatility associated with the Company’s overall asbestos exposure as the overall asbestos environment has evolved from one dominated by exposure to significant litigation risks, particularly coverage disputes relating to policyholders in bankruptcy who were asserting that their claims were not subject to the aggregate limits contained in their policies, to an environment primarily driven by a frequency of litigation related to individuals with mesothelioma. The Company’s overall view of the

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

current underlying asbestos environment is essentially unchanged from recent periods, and there remains a high degree of uncertainty with respect to future exposure to asbestos claims.

Net asbestos paid loss and loss expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ were ~~$167~~$88 million and ~~$150~~$108 million, respectively. Net asbestos reserves were ~~$1.41~~$1.25 billion and ~~$1.35~~$1.17 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

The following table displays activity for asbestos losses and loss expenses and reserves:


(at and for the nine months ended September 30, in millions)		2020		2019
(at and for the six months ended June 30, in millions)						(at and for the six months ended June 30, in millions)	2021		2020
Beginning reserves:	Beginning reserves:					Beginning reserves:
Gross	Gross	$	1,601	$	1,608	Gross	$	1,668	$	1,601
Ceded	Ceded	(322)		(327)		Ceded	(330)		(322)
Net	Net	1,279		1,281		Net	1,338		1,279

Incurred losses and loss expenses:	Incurred losses and loss expenses:					Incurred losses and loss expenses:
Gross	Gross	362		268		Gross	—		—
Ceded	Ceded	(67)		(48)		Ceded	—		—
Net	Net	295		220		Net	—		—

Paid loss and loss expenses:	Paid loss and loss expenses:					Paid loss and loss expenses:
Gross	Gross	190		191		Gross	103		129
Ceded	Ceded	(23)		(41)		Ceded	(15)		(21)
Net	Net	167		150		Net	88		108

Foreign exchange and other:	Foreign exchange and other:					Foreign exchange and other:
Gross	Gross	(1)		—		Gross	—		(2)
Ceded	Ceded	1		—		Ceded	—		—
Net	Net	—		—		Net	—		(2)

Ending reserves:	Ending reserves:					Ending reserves:
Gross	Gross	1,772		1,685		Gross	1,565		1,470
Ceded	Ceded	(365)		(334)		Ceded	(315)		(301)
Net	Net	$	1,407	$	1,351	Net	$	1,250	$	1,169

See “—Uncertainty Regarding Adequacy of Asbestos and Environmental Reserves.”

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

ENVIRONMENTAL CLAIMS AND LITIGATION

The Company has received and continues to receive claims from policyholders who allege that they are liable for injury or damage arising out of ~~their~~the alleged ~~disposition~~storage, emissions or disposal of toxic substances, frequently under policies issued prior to the mid-1980s. These claims are mainly brought pursuant to various state or federal statutes that require a liable party to undertake or pay for environmental remediation. For example, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) enables private parties as well as federal and state governments to take action with respect to releases and threatened releases of hazardous substances. This federal statute permits the recovery of response costs from some liable parties and may require liable parties to undertake their own remedial action. Liability under these statutes may be joint and several with other responsible parties. The Company has also been, and continues to be, involved in litigation involving insurance coverage issues pertaining to environmental claims. The Company believes that some court decisions pertaining to environmental claims have interpreted the insurance coverage to be broader than the original intent of the insurers and policyholders.

In establishing environmental reserves, the Company evaluates the exposure presented by each policyholder and the anticipated cost of resolution, if any. In the course of this analysis, the Company generally considers the probable liability, available coverage and relevant judicial interpretations. In addition, the Company considers the many variables presented, such as: the nature of the alleged activities of the policyholder at each site; the number of sites; the total number of potentially responsible parties at each site; the nature of the alleged environmental harm and the corresponding remedy at each site; the nature of government enforcement activities at each site; the ownership and general use of each site; the overall nature of the insurance relationship between the Company and the policyholder, including the role of any umbrella or excess insurance the Company has issued to the policyholder; the involvement of other insurers; the potential for other available coverage, including the

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

number of years of coverage; the role, if any, of non-environmental claims or potential non-environmental claims in any resolution process; and the applicable law in each jurisdiction. Conventional actuarial methods are not used to estimate these reserves.

Over the past several years, the Company has experienced generally favorable trends in the number of new policyholders tendering environmental claims for the first time and in the number of pending declaratory judgment actions relating to environmental matters. These policyholders continue to present smaller exposures, are involved in fewer hazardous waste sites and are lower tier defendants than policyholders presenting such claims in the past. Further, in many instances, clean-up costs have been reduced because regulatory agencies are willing to accept risk-based site analyses and more efficient clean-up technologies. However, the degree to which those favorable trends have continued has been less than anticipated. In addition, reserve development on existing environmental claims as well as the costs associated with coverage litigation on environmental matters have been greater than anticipated, driven by claims and legal developments in a limited number of jurisdictions. The Company increased its environmental reserves by $4$19 million and ~~$38~~$52 million in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020,~~2021, respectively, and $8$17 million and ~~$68~~$34 million in the ~~third~~second quarter and first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Net environmental paid loss and loss expenses in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ were ~~$45~~$35 million and ~~$57~~$24 million, respectively. Net environmental reserves were ~~$314~~$323 million and ~~$345~~$330 million at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~September~~June 30, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively.

UNCERTAINTY REGARDING ADEQUACY OF ASBESTOS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESERVES

As a result of the processes and procedures discussed above, management believes that the reserves carried for asbestos and environmental claims are appropriately established based upon known facts, current law and management’s judgment. However, the uncertainties surrounding the final resolution of these claims continue, and it is difficult to determine the ultimate exposure for asbestos and environmental claims and related litigation. As a result, these reserves are subject to revision as new information becomes available and as claims develop. The continuing uncertainties include, without limitation:

•the risks and lack of predictability inherent in complex litigation;

•a further increase in the cost to resolve, and/or the number of, asbestos and environmental claims beyond that which is anticipated;

•the emergence of a greater number of asbestos claims than anticipated as a result of extended life expectancies resulting from medical advances and lifestyle improvements;

•the role of any umbrella or excess policies we have issued;

•the resolution or adjudication of disputes concerning coverage for asbestos and environmental claims in a manner inconsistent with our previous assessment of these disputes;

•the number and outcome of direct actions against us;

•future developments pertaining to our ability to recover reinsurance for asbestos and environmental claims;

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

•any impact on asbestos defendants we insure due to the bankruptcy of other asbestos defendants;

•the unavailability of other insurance sources potentially available to policyholders, whether through exhaustion of policy limits or through the insolvency of other participating insurers; and

•uncertainties arising from the insolvency or bankruptcy of policyholders.

Changes in the legal, regulatory and legislative environment may impact the future resolution of asbestos and environmental claims and result in adverse loss reserve development. The emergence of a greater number of asbestos or environmental claims beyond that which is anticipated may result in adverse loss reserve development. Changes in applicable legislation and future court and regulatory decisions and interpretations, including the outcome of legal challenges to legislative and/or judicial reforms establishing medical criteria for the pursuit of asbestos claims, could affect the settlement of asbestos and environmental claims. It is also difficult to predict the ultimate outcome of complex coverage disputes until settlement negotiations near completion and significant legal questions are resolved or, failing settlement, until the dispute is adjudicated. This is particularly the case with policyholders in bankruptcy where negotiations often involve a large number of claimants and other parties and require court approval to be effective. As part of its continuing analysis of asbestos and environmental reserves, the Company continues to study the implications of these and other developments.

Because of the uncertainties set forth above, additional liabilities may arise for amounts in excess of the Company’s current ~~insurance~~ reserves. In addition, the Company’s estimate of claims and claim adjustment expenses may change. These additional liabilities or increases in estimates, or a range of either, cannot now be reasonably estimated and could result in income statement charges that could be material to the Company’s operating results in future periods.

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

The Company’s invested assets at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 were ~~$83.56~~$86.55 billion, of which 94% was invested in fixed maturity and short-term investments, 1% in equity securities, 1% in real estate investments and 4% in other investments. Because the primary purpose of the investment portfolio is to fund future claims payments, the Company employs a thoughtful investment philosophy that focuses on appropriate risk-adjusted returns. A significant majority of funds available for investment are deployed in a widely diversified portfolio of high quality, liquid, taxable U.S. government, tax-exempt and taxable U.S. municipal and taxable corporate and U.S. agency mortgage-backed bonds.

The carrying value of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was ~~$72.57~~$75.58 billion. The Company closely monitors the duration of its fixed maturity investments, and investment purchases and sales are executed with the objective of having adequate funds available to satisfy the Company’s insurance and debt obligations. The weighted average credit quality of the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio, both including and excluding U.S. Treasury securities, was “Aa2” at both ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. Below investment grade securities represented ~~2.0%~~1.6% and ~~2.1%~~1.8% of the total fixed maturity investment portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The weighted average effective duration of fixed maturities and short-term securities was ~~3.8 (4.1 excluding short-term securities) at September 30, 2020 and~~ 4.0 (4.3 excluding short-term securities) at June 30, 2021 and 3.8 (4.0 excluding short-term securities) at December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

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~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Obligations of States, Municipalities and Political Subdivisions

The Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 included ~~$34.84~~$35.67 billion and ~~$29.92~~$36.36 billion, respectively, of securities ~~which~~that are obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions (collectively referred to as the municipal bond portfolio). The municipal bond portfolio is diversified across the United States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and includes general obligation and revenue bonds issued by states, cities, counties, school districts and similar issuers. Included in the municipal bond portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$2.62~~$3.69 billion and ~~$2.06~~$3.54 billion, respectively, of pre-refunded bonds, which are bonds for which states or municipalities have established irrevocable trusts, almost exclusively comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government and government agencies and authorities. These trusts were created to fund the payment of principal and interest due under the bonds. The irrevocable trusts are verified as to their sufficiency by an independent verification agent of the underwriter, issuer or trustee. All of the Company’s holdings of securities issued by Puerto Rico and related entities have either been pre-refunded and therefore are defeased by U.S. Treasury securities or have FHA guarantees subject to federal appropriation.

The Company bases its investment decision on the underlying credit characteristics of the municipal security. The weighted average credit rating of the municipal bond portfolio was "Aaa/Aa1" at both ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Mortgage-Backed Securities, Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Pass-Through Securities

The Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 included ~~$2.73~~$1.82 billion and ~~$3.28~~$2.36 billion, respectively, of residential mortgage-backed securities, which include pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), all of which are subject to prepayment risk (either shortening or lengthening of duration). While prepayment risk for securities and its effect on income cannot be fully controlled, particularly when interest rates move dramatically, the Company’s investment strategy generally favors securities that reduce this risk within expected interest rate ranges. Included in the totals at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 were ~~$1.38~~$1.01 billion and ~~$1.52~~$1.24 billion, respectively, of GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC (excluding FHA project loans) and Canadian government guaranteed residential mortgage-backed pass-through securities classified as available for sale. Also included in those totals were residential CMOs classified as available for sale with a fair value of ~~$1.35 billion~~$812 million and ~~$1.76~~$1.12 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. Approximately ~~60%~~71% and ~~54%~~65% of the Company’s CMO holdings at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, respectively, were guaranteed by or fully collateralized by securities issued by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. The weighted average credit rating of the ~~$536~~$238 million and ~~$816~~$396 million of non-guaranteed CMO holdings at ~~both September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019~~2020 was ~~"Aaa/Aa1."~~"Aa2" and "Aa1", respectively. The weighted average credit rating of all of the above securities was "Aaa/Aa1" at both ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020. For further discussion regarding the Company’s investments in residential CMOs, see “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Investment Portfolio” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

Equity Securities, Real Estate and Short-Term Investments

See note 1 of notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report for further information about these invested asset classes.

Other Investments

The Company also invests in private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships, and joint ventures. Also included in other investments are non-public common and preferred equities and derivatives. These asset classes have historically provided a higher return than investments in fixed maturities but are subject to more volatility. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the carrying value of the Company’s other investments was ~~$3.29~~$3.74 billion and ~~$3.42~~$3.43 billion, respectively.

Investments in private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and typically report their financial statement information to the Company one ~~month~~ to three months following the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, ~~the impact of any volatility in global financial markets, including the impact of COVID-19 during 2020, on~~ net investment income from these other investments is generally reflected in the Company's financial statements on a quarter lag basis. Additionally, net realized capital gains (losses) for the first nine months of 2020 included $40 million of pre-tax realized losses related to the other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of an equity method investment included in other investments in the second quarter of 2020.

CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE COVERAGE

The Company's catastrophe reinsurance coverage is discussed in the "Catastrophe Reinsurance" section of "Part I - Item 1 - Business" in the Company's 2020 Annual Report. Except as discussed below, there have been no material changes to the Company's catastrophe reinsurance coverage from that reported in the Company's 2020 Annual Report.

Catastrophe Bonds. Consistent with the terms of the Company’s indemnity reinsurance agreement with Long Point Re III Ltd., the attachment point and maximum limit were reset to adjust the expected loss of the layer within a predetermined range. For the period from May 25, 2021 through and including May 24, 2022, the Company will be entitled to begin recovering amounts under this reinsurance agreement if the covered losses in the covered area for a single occurrence reach an attachment amount of $1.980 billion. The full $500 million coverage amount is available until such covered losses reach a maximum of $2.480 billion.

Other Catastrophe Reinsurance Treaties. Catastrophe reinsurance treaties that renewed on July 1, 2021 were as follows:

•Northeast Property Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty. This treaty provides up to $600 million part of $850 million of coverage, subject to a $2.25 billion retention (i.e., for every dollar of loss between $2.25 billion and $3.10 billion this treaty provides 71 cents of coverage), for losses arising from a single occurrence and allows for one reinstatement. Coverage is provided on an all perils basis, including but not limited to hurricanes, tornadoes, hail storms, earthquakes, winter storms and/or freeze losses (coverage is included for terrorism events in limited circumstances). Coverage for cyber events applies only in limited circumstances and coverage for communicable

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

~~CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE COVERAGE~~disease and nuclear, biological and radiological terrorism attacks is excluded from this treaty. The treaty covers territory from Virginia to Maine for the period July 1, 2021 through and including June 30, 2022. Losses from a covered event anywhere in North America and waters contiguous thereto may be used to satisfy the retention. Recoveries under the catastrophe bonds (if any) would be first applied to reduce losses subject to this treaty.

The Company's normal renewals and changes to its catastrophe reinsurance coverage occur in January and July each year. The changes effective in January are discussed in the "Catastrophe Reinsurance" section of "Part I—Item 1—Business" in the Company's 2019 Annual Report, and changes effective in July are discussed in the "Catastrophe Reinsurance Coverage" section of "Part I—Item 2—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

•

~~The Company is party to an Underlying Property Aggregate~~Middle Market Earthquake Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty ~~which covers the accumulation of certain property losses arising from one or multiple occurrences for the period January 1, 2020 through and including December 31, 2020. The~~. This treaty provides for up to ~~$280~~$253 million part of ~~$500~~$275 million of coverage, subject to a ~~$1.55 billion~~$110 million retention (i.e., for every dollar of loss between ~~$1.55 billion~~$110 million and ~~$2.05 billion,~~$375 million this treaty provides ~~for 56~~92 cents of coverage), for losses arising from an earthquake, including other ensuing causes of ~~aggregate qualifying losses. Qualifying losses are subject to a $5 million franchise deductible per occurrence, so that qualifying catastrophic events at or greater than $5 million count toward~~loss such as fire following and sprinkler leakage, incurred under policies written by Technology, Public Sector Services and Commercial Accounts in Business Insurance for the ~~aggregate retention from dollar one. Coverage for,~~period July 1, 2021 through and ~~contributions to the $1.55 billion retention from, hurricanes and/or tropical storms and earthquakes are limited to $250 million per event.~~including June 30, 2022. The treaty covers ~~property perils for PCS events in North America~~the United States and ~~all~~Canada, their territories, possessions and waters contiguous thereto.

•Canadian Property Catastrophe Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Treaty. This treaty provides coverage for 50% of losses in excess of C$100 million (US$81 million at June 30, 2021), up to C$200 million (US$161 million at June 30, 2021) and for 100% of losses in excess of C$200 million (US$161 million at June 30, 2021), up to C$600 million (US$484 million at June 30, 2021), in each case with respect to the accumulation of net property losses arising out of one occurrence on business written by the Company’s Canadian businesses for the period July 1, 2021 through and including June 30, 2022. The treaty ~~excludes most losses arising from~~covers all property written by the Company’s Canadian businesses, including, but not limited to, habitational property, commercial property, inland marine, ocean marine and auto physical damages exposures. Coverage for cyber events applies only in limited circumstances and ~~terrorism, including~~coverage for communicable disease and nuclear, biological ~~chemical or radiological. In the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized the full benefit of $280 million provided by~~and radiological terrorism attacks is excluded from this ~~treaty and, accordingly, the Company accelerated the recognition of the remaining unearned ceded earned premium related to this~~ treaty.

The Company regularly reviews its catastrophe reinsurance coverage and may adjust such coverage in the future.

REINSURANCE RECOVERABLES

For a description of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables, refer to “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Reinsurance Recoverables” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

The following table summarizes the composition of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables:


(in millions)	(in millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		(in millions)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Gross reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses	Gross reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses	$	3,727	$	3,476	Gross reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses	$	3,702	$	3,731
Gross structured settlements	Gross structured settlements	2,912		2,965		Gross structured settlements	2,885		2,964
Mandatory pools and associations	Mandatory pools and associations	1,818		1,886		Mandatory pools and associations	1,757		1,801
Gross reinsurance recoverables	Gross reinsurance recoverables	8,457		8,327		Gross reinsurance recoverables	8,344		8,496
Allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance	Allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance	(140)		(92)		Allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance	(135)		(146)
Net reinsurance recoverables	Net reinsurance recoverables	$	8,317	$	8,235	Net reinsurance recoverables	$	8,209	$	8,350

Net reinsurance recoverables at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020 increased~~2021 decreased by ~~$82~~$141 million from December 31, 2019, primarily reflecting the impacts of catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020 and the asbestos reserve increase in the third quarter of 2020, partially offset by cash collections in the first nine months of 2020 and the $53 million increase in the allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance from the cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1, 2020.

OUTLOOK

The following discussion provides outlook information for certain key drivers of the Company’s results of operations and capital position.

The impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on the Company's financial results, which began to affect the Company late in the first quarter of 2020, continue to be ~~highly~~ uncertain and are outside the Company’s control. ~~The scope, duration and magnitude of the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 continue to evolve in ways that are difficult or impossible to anticipate.~~ As a result, it is difficult to anticipate its impact on the ~~Company’s results in the first nine months of 2020 is not indicative of its impact on the Company’s~~Company's results for the remainder of ~~2020.~~2021. For additional information on the risks posed by COVID-19, see “The impact of COVID-19 and related risks could materially affect our results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity” included in “Part ~~II—~~I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” in ~~this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.~~the Company's 2020 Annual Report.

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~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Premiums. The Company’s earned premiums are a function of net written premium volume. Net written premiums comprise both renewal business and new business and are recognized as earned premium over the term of the underlying policies. When

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

business renews, the amount of net written premiums associated with that business may increase or decrease (renewal premium change) as a result of increases or decreases in rate and/or insured exposures, which the Company considers as a measure of units of exposure (such as the number and value of vehicles or properties insured). Net written premiums from both renewal and new business, and therefore earned premiums, are impacted by competitive market conditions as well as general economic conditions, which, particularly in the case of Business Insurance, affect audit premium adjustments, policy endorsements and mid-term cancellations. Net written premiums may also be impacted by the structure of reinsurance programs and related costs, as well as changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

As a result of ~~COVID-19,~~improvements in economic conditions, particularly in the United States, ~~and other countries around~~ the ~~world have deteriorated significantly. The decreased levels~~impact on premiums related to COVID-19 in the second quarter of ~~economic activity, together with the~~2021 was less significant than recent prior periods. While we expect some negative impacts on premiums related ~~premium refund programs, have negatively impacted premium volumes. The Company expects this impact will persist~~to COVID-19 to continue for the remainder of ~~2020~~2021 and beyond, ~~but the degree of~~such as the impact ~~will depend~~ on audit premiums related to policies written in 2020, we believe such impacts should continue to decrease over time to the extent the COVID-19 environment remains stable and ~~duration of~~ the ~~challenging~~ economic ~~circumstances and could be material. As a result of the impact of the pandemic on the Company’s earned premiums, the Company has experienced, and may continue~~environment continues to ~~experience in the near term, an adverse impact on the underwriting expense ratio.~~improve.

~~The Company’s~~Overall, the Company expects that retention levels (the amount of expiring premium that renews, before the impact of renewal premium changes) ~~have remained~~will remain strong by historical standards ~~in recent periods; however, retention levels, particularly in~~during the ~~near term, may be impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions. For example, retention may improve due to lower levels~~remainder of business being marketed as a result of operational disruptions impacting businesses. On the other hand, business failures or customers choosing not to renew coverages due to financial distress would result in lapses of policies and lower levels of retention. In addition, as risk profiles of insureds change, the Company may determine to non-renew certain policies.2021.

Property and casualty insurance market conditions are expected to remain competitive during the remainder of ~~2020~~2021 for new business. In each of the Company’s business segments, new business generally has less of an impact on underwriting profitability than renewal business, given the volume of new business relative to renewal business. However, in periods of meaningful increases in new business, despite its positive impact on underwriting gains over time, the impact of higher new business levels may negatively impact the combined ratio for a period of time. In periods of meaningful decreases in new business, despite its negative impact on underwriting gains over time, the impact of lower new business levels may positively impact the combined ratio for a period of time.

Underwriting Gain/Loss. The Company’s underwriting gain/loss can be significantly impacted by catastrophe losses and net favorable or unfavorable prior year reserve development, as well as underlying underwriting margins. Underlying underwriting margins can be impacted by a number of factors, including variability in non-catastrophe weather, large loss and other loss activity, including variability in losses attributable to COVID-19 and related economic conditions; changes in current period loss estimates resulting from prior period loss development; changes in loss ~~trend;~~trend, including as a result of COVID-19 and related economic conditions; changes in business mix; changes in reinsurance coverages and/or costs; premium adjustments; and variability in expenses and assessments.

Catastrophe losses and non-catastrophe weather-related losses are inherently unpredictable from period to period. The Company’s results of operations could be adversely impacted if significant catastrophe and non-catastrophe weather-related losses were to occur.

On average for the ten-year period ended December 31, ~~2019,~~2020, the Company experienced approximately ~~40%~~44% of its annual catastrophe losses during the second quarter, primarily arising out of severe wind and hail storms, including tornadoes. Hurricanes, wildfires and winter storms tend to happen at other times of the year and can also have a material impact on the Company's results of operations. Catastrophe losses incurred in a particular quarter in any given year may differ materially from historical experience. In addition, most of the Company's reinsurance programs renew on January 1 or July 1 of each year, and, therefore, any changes to the cost or coverage terms of such programs will be effective after such dates.

Over much of the past decade, the Company’s results have included significant amounts of net favorable prior year reserve development driven by better than expected loss experience. However, given the inherent uncertainty in estimating claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, loss experience could develop such that the Company recognizes in future periods higher or lower levels of favorable prior year reserve development, no favorable prior year reserve development or, as was the case in 2019, unfavorable prior year reserve development. In addition, the ongoing review of prior year claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, or other changes in current period circumstances, may result in the Company revising current year loss estimates upward or downward in future periods of the current year.

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~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

It is possible that changes in economic conditions and steps taken by federal, state and/or local governments and the Federal Reserve in response to COVID-19 or other circumstances could lead to higher or lower inflation than the Company ~~had~~ anticipated, which could in turn lead to an increase or decrease in the Company’s loss costs and the need to strengthen or reduce claims and claim adjustment expense reserves. These impacts of inflation on loss costs and claims and claim adjustment expense reserves could be more pronounced for those lines of business that require a relatively longer period of time to finalize and settle claims for a given accident year and, accordingly, are relatively more inflation sensitive. In addition, labor shortages, higher costs of used vehicles and parts, and increased demand and decreased supply for raw materials have adversely impacted severity in our

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

auto and property businesses and may continue to do so in future quarters. For a further discussion, see “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors—If actual claims exceed our claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, or if changes in the estimated level of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves are necessary, including as a result of, among other things, changes in the legal/tort, regulatory and economic environments in which the Company operates, our financial results could be materially and adversely affected” in the ~~Company’s 2019~~Company's 2020 Annual Report.

Economic conditions and therefore the Company’s results of operations may be impacted by a variety of other factors as well, many of which could continue to be ~~exacerbated~~affected by COVID-19, such as ~~a recession,~~the reopening of the economy, financial market turmoil, supply chain disruptions, extraordinary monetary and fiscal policy measures, fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, changes in tariffs or other international trade regulations, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, the political and regulatory environment, changes to the U.S. Federal budget and further potential changes in tax laws or health care legislation in the United States.

Investment Portfolio. The Company expects to continue to focus its investment strategy on maintaining a high-quality investment portfolio and a relatively short average effective duration. The weighted average effective duration of fixed maturities and short-term securities was ~~3.8 (4.1~~4.0 (4.3 excluding short-term securities) at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. From time to time, the Company enters into short positions in U.S. Treasury futures contracts to manage the duration of its fixed maturity portfolio. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had no open U.S. Treasury futures contracts. The Company continually evaluates its investment alternatives and mix. Currently, the majority of the Company’s investments are comprised of a widely diversified portfolio of high-quality, liquid, taxable U.S. government, tax-exempt and taxable U.S. municipal and taxable corporate and U.S. agency mortgage-backed bonds.

The Company also invests much smaller amounts in equity ~~securities,~~securities; real ~~estate, and~~estate; private equity, hedge fund and real estate ~~partnerships,~~partnerships; and joint ventures. These investment classes have the potential for higher returns but also the potential for higher degrees of risk, including less stable rates of return and less liquidity.

Approximately 30% of the fixed maturity portfolio is expected to mature over the next three years (including the early redemption of bonds, assuming interest rates (including credit spreads) do not rise significantly by applicable call dates).As a result, the overall yield on and composition of its portfolio could be meaningfully impacted by the types of investments available for reinvestment with the proceeds of maturing bonds.

Net investment income is a material contributor to the Company’s results of operations. Based on the impact of expected lower reinvestment yields on fixed income investments, partially offset by our current expectations for slightly higher levels of fixed income investments, the Company expects that after-tax net investment income from that portfolio will be approximately ~~$35~~$425 million to $40 million lower in the fourth quarter of 2020 as compared to the corresponding quarter of 2019, and the Company also expects that after-tax net investment income from that portfolio will be approximately $420 million to $430$435 million for each remaining quarter of 2021. This expectation could be impacted by further disruptions in global financial markets associated with the continuing impact of COVID-19. Included in other investments are private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and typically report their financial statement information to the Company one month to three months following the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, ~~the impact of any volatility in global financial markets, including the impact of COVID-19 during 2020, on~~ net investment income or loss from these other investments is generally reflected in the Company's financial statements on a quarter lag basis. Further changes in global financial markets could impact the Company’s net investment income in future periods from its non-fixed income investment portfolio, positively or negatively.

The Company had net pre-tax realized investment ~~losses~~gains of ~~$48~~$105 million ~~($37 million after-tax)~~ in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2020, driven by $40 million of pre-tax realized losses related to the other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of an equity method investment included in other investments in the second quarter of 2020, as well as the impact of changes in fair value on the Company's equity investments, attributable to the disruption in global financial markets related to COVID-19. Further changes2021. Changes in global financial markets due to the continuing impact of COVID-19 could result in net realized investment gains or losses in the Company’s investment portfolio.

The Company had a net pre-tax unrealized investment gain of ~~$4.84~~$4.11 billion ~~($3.81~~($3.24 billion after-tax) in its fixed maturity investment portfolio at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. While the Company does not attempt to predict future interest rate movements, a rising interest rate environment would reduce the market value of fixed maturity investments and, therefore, reduce shareholders’ equity, and a declining interest rate environment would have the opposite effects. Additionally, further disruptions in global financial markets associated with the continuing impact of COVID-19 could also impact the market value of the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company's investment portfolio has benefited from certain tax exemptions

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

~~(primarily~~ (primarily those related to interest from municipal bonds) and certain other tax laws, including, but not limited to, those governing dividends-received deductions and tax credits (such as foreign tax credits). Changes in these laws could adversely impact the value of the Company's investment portfolio. See ~~"Changes in U.S. tax laws or in~~"Our businesses are heavily regulated by the ~~tax laws of other jurisdictions~~states and countries in which we ~~operate could adversely impact us"~~conduct business, including licensing, market conduct and financial supervision, and changes in regulation, including higher tax rates, may reduce our profitability and limit our growth" included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

For further discussion of the Company’s investment portfolio, see “Investment Portfolio.” For a discussion of the risks to the Company’s business during or following a financial market disruption and risks to the Company’s investment portfolio, see the risk factors entitled “During or following a period of financial market disruption or an economic downturn, our business could be materially and adversely affected” and “Our investment portfolio is subject to credit and interest rate risk, and may suffer reduced or low returns or material realized or unrealized losses” included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report. For a discussion of the risks to the Company’s investments from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, see the risk factor entitled “We are ~~also~~ subject to ~~a number of~~ additional risks associated with our business outside the United States” included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report and see “Part II—Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk-Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

Capital Position. The Company believes it has a strong capital position and, as part of its ongoing efforts to create shareholder value, expects to continue to return capital not needed to support its business operations to its shareholders, subject to the considerations described below, including the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions. The Company expects that, generally over time, the combination of dividends to common shareholders and common share repurchases will likely not exceed net income. The Company also expects that to the extent that it continues to grow premium volumes, the level of capital to support the Company's financial strength ratings will also increase, and accordingly, the amount of capital returned to shareholders relative to earnings would be somewhat less than it otherwise would have been absent the growth in premium volumes. The timing and actual number of shares to be repurchased in the future will depend on a variety of additional factors, including the Company’s financial position, earnings, share price, catastrophe losses, maintaining capital levels commensurate with the Company’s desired ratings from independent rating agencies, changes in levels of written premiums, funding of the Company’s qualified pension plan, capital requirements of the Company’s operating subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, other investment opportunities (including mergers and acquisitions and related financings), market conditions and other factors. Given the continuing impact of the economic and other uncertainties associated with COVID-19 on the foregoing factors, the Company may continue to reduce or eliminate its share repurchase activity at least in the near term. For information regarding the Company’s common share repurchases in ~~2020,~~2021, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

As a result of the Company’s business outside of the United States, primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom (including Lloyd’s), the Republic of Ireland and in Brazil through a joint venture, the Company’s capital is also subject to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar in comparison to other currencies could result in a reduction in shareholders’ equity, while a weakening of the U.S. dollar in comparison to other currencies could result in an increase in shareholders' equity. For additional discussion of the Company’s foreign exchange market risk exposure, see “Part II—Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

Many of the statements in this “Outlook” section and in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” are forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that are often difficult to predict and beyond the Company’s control. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Further, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report and the Company undertakes no obligation to update them. See “—Forward Looking Statements.” For a discussion of potential risks and uncertainties that could impact the Company’s results of operations or financial position, see “Part ~~II—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part~~ I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" herein and “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report, in each case as updated by the Company's periodic filings with the SEC.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's liquidity and capital resources were not materially impacted by COVID-19 and related economic conditions during the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020.~~2021. For further discussion regarding the potential future impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on the Company's liquidity and capital resources, see ~~"Outlook"~~“Outlook” herein and ~~"Part II—~~“The impact of COVID-19 and related risks could materially affect our results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity” included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk ~~Factors."~~Factors” in the Company's 2020 Annual Report.

Liquidity is a measure of a company’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations and to satisfy general corporate purposes when needed.

Operating Company Liquidity. The liquidity requirements of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are met primarily by funds generated from premiums, fees, income received on investments and investment maturities. The Company believes that cash

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

flows from operating activities are sufficient to meet the future liquidity requirements of its insurance subsidiaries. Additionally, investment maturities provide a significant level of available liquidity without requiring the sale of investment securities. For further discussion of operating company liquidity, see “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

Holding Company Liquidity. TRV’s liquidity requirements primarily include shareholder dividends, debt servicing, common share repurchases and, from time to time, contributions to its qualified domestic pension plan. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, TRV held total cash and short-term invested assets in the United States aggregating ~~$2.28~~$2.43 billion and having a weighted average maturity of 5346 days. TRV has established a holding company liquidity target equal to its estimated annual pre-tax interest expense and common shareholder dividends (currently approximately ~~$1.20~~$1.21 billion). TRV’s holding company liquidity of ~~$2.28~~$2.43 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 exceeded this target, and it is the opinion of the Company’s management that these assets are sufficient to meet TRV’s current liquidity requirements. Net proceeds of approximately $490 million from the Company's issuance of senior debt in April 2020 that are intended to fund the payment of $500 million of senior debt maturing in November 2020 are included in the Company's holding company liquidity at September 30, 2020.

TRV is not dependent on dividends or other forms of repatriation from its foreign operations to support its liquidity needs. The undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign operations are intended to be permanently reinvested in those operations, and such earnings were not material to the Company’s financial position or liquidity at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021.

TRV has a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that expires on June 10, 2022 which permits it to issue securities from time to time. TRV also has a $1.0 billion line of credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions that expires on June 4, 2023. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had $100 million of commercial paper outstanding. TRV is not reliant on its commercial paper program to meet its operating cash flow needs. ~~After the maturity of the $500 million of senior debt in November 2020 described above, the~~The Company has no ~~further~~ senior ~~debt~~notes or junior subordinated ~~debt~~debentures maturing until April 2026, at which time $200 million of senior ~~debt~~notes will mature.

The Company utilized uncollateralized letters of credit issued by major banks with an aggregate limit of approximately ~~$315~~$249 million to provide a portion of the capital needed to support its obligations at Lloyd’s at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. If uncollateralized letters of credit are not available at a reasonable price or at all in the future, the Company can collateralize these letters of credit or may have to seek alternative means of supporting its obligations at Lloyd’s, which could include utilizing holding company funds on hand.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$4.62~~$3.04 billion and ~~$3.79~~$2.29 billion, respectively. The increase in cash flows in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 primarily reflected the impacts of lower levels of payments for claims and claim adjustment expenses, partially offset by lower levels of cash received for premiums. The lower levels of payments for claims and claim adjustment expenses included the impacts of (i) COVID-19 and related economic conditions, such as lower loss payments in the automobile product line due to a decrease in miles driven and reduced claim settlement activity largely due to the disruptions in the judicial system, and (ii) $366 million of subrogation recoveries from PG&E related to the 2017 and 2018 California wildfires received in the third quarter of 2020, partially offset by (iii) payments related to higher ~~catastrophe losses in the first nine months of 2020. The lower~~ levels of cash received for premiums, ~~included~~partially offset by higher levels of income taxes paid. Cash received for premiums in the ~~impact of~~prior year period was adversely impacted by premium refunds ~~primarily~~ provided in the second quarter of 2020 to personal automobile customers in response to COVID-19 and related economic conditions.

Investing Activities

Net cash used byin investing activities in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$3.98~~$2.79 billion and ~~$2.05~~$1.81 billion, respectively. The Company’s consolidated total investments at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 increased by ~~$5.68~~$2.12 billion, or ~~7% over~~3% from year-end ~~2019,~~2020, primarily reflecting the ~~impact~~impacts of (i) an increase in net unrealized gains on investments at September 30, 2020 as compared with December 31, 2019, primarily due to the impact of lower interest rates during the first nine months of 2020, as well as (ii) net cash flows provided by operating activities, partially offset by (ii) a decrease in net unrealized gains on investments at June 30, 2021 as compared with December 31, 2020, due to the impact of higher interest rates during the first six months of 2021, and (iii) net cash used in financing activities.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 ~~and 2019~~ was ~~$552~~$289 million and ~~$1.61 billion,~~$342 million, respectively. The ~~total~~totals in ~~2020 reflected dividends paid to shareholders~~both 2021 and ~~common share repurchases, partially offset by the net proceeds from the issuance of debt and employee stock option exercises. The total in 2019~~2020 reflected common share repurchases ~~the payment of debt~~ and dividends paid to shareholders, partially offset by the net proceeds from the issuance of debt and employee stock option exercises. Common share repurchases in the first ~~nine~~six months of 2021 and 2020 were $798 million and ~~2019 were~~ $471 million, ~~and $1.17 billion,~~ respectively. ~~During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares under its share repurchase authorization.~~

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

Dividends. Dividends paid to shareholders were ~~$643~~$436 million and ~~$633~~$426 million in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019,~~2020, respectively. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of the Company’s common stock will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company’s financial position, earnings, capital requirements of the Company’s operating subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. Dividends will be paid by the Company only if declared by its Board of Directors out of funds legally available, subject to any other restrictions that may be applicable to the Company. On ~~October~~July 20, ~~2020,~~

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

2021, the Company announced that it declared a regular quarterly dividend of ~~$0.85~~$0.88 per share, payable ~~December 31, 2020~~September 30, 2021 to shareholders of record on ~~December~~September 10, ~~2020.~~2021.

Share Repurchases. The Company’s Board of Directors has approved common share repurchase authorizations under which repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in private transactions or otherwise. The authorizations do not have a stated expiration ~~date. The most recent authorization was approved by the Board of Directors in April 2017 and added $5.0 billion of repurchase capacity to the $709 million capacity remaining at that~~ date. The Company expects that, generally over time, the combination of dividends to common shareholders and common share repurchases will likely not exceed net income. The Company also expects that to the extent that it continues to grow premium volumes, the level of capital to support the Company's financial strength ratings will also increase, and accordingly, the amount of capital returned to shareholders relative to earnings would be somewhat less than it otherwise would have been absent the growth in premium volumes. The timing and actual number of shares to be repurchased in the future will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial position, earnings, share price, catastrophe losses, maintaining capital levels commensurate with the Company’s desired ratings from independent rating agencies, changes in levels of written premiums, funding of the Company’s qualified pension plan, capital requirements of the Company’s operating subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, other investment opportunities (including mergers and acquisitions and related financings), market conditions and other factors. During the three and six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company ~~did not repurchase any~~repurchased 2.6 million and 5.0 million common shares under its share repurchase ~~authorization. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 3.5 million shares under its share repurchase authorization,~~authorizations for a total cost of ~~$425~~$400 million ~~all of which were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2020.~~and $756 million, respectively. The average cost per share repurchased was ~~$123.09. Given~~$157.18 and $152.65, respectively. On April 20, 2021, the ~~continuing impact~~Board of ~~the economic and other uncertainties associated with COVID-19 on the foregoing factors, the Company may continue to reduce or eliminate its~~Directors approved a share repurchase ~~activity~~authorization that added an additional $5.0 billion of repurchase capacity to the $805 million of capacity remaining at ~~least in the near term.~~that date. At ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the Company had ~~$1.36~~$5.41 billion of capacity remaining under ~~the~~its share repurchase ~~authorization.~~authorizations.

The Company sponsors a qualified non-contributory defined benefit pension plan (the Qualified Plan), which covers substantially all U.S. domestic employees and provides benefits primarily under a cash balance formula. The recent disruption in global financial markets associated with COVID-19 unfavorably impacted the projected funded status of the Qualified Plan at December 31, 2020, primarily due to the impact of a lower benefit obligation discount rate. The Company currently does not have a minimum funding requirement for the Qualified Plan for 2020 and at this time does not anticipate making a voluntary contribution to the Qualified Plan during 2020.

Capital Structure. The following table summarizes the components of the Company’s capital structure at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.


(in millions)	(in millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		(in millions)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Debt:	Debt:					Debt:
Short-term	Short-term	$	600	$	600	Short-term	$	100	$	100
Long-term	Long-term	6,504		6,004		Long-term	7,254		6,504
Net unamortized fair value adjustments and debt issuance costs	Net unamortized fair value adjustments and debt issuance costs	(54)		(46)		Net unamortized fair value adjustments and debt issuance costs	(64)		(54)
Total debt	Total debt	7,050		6,558		Total debt	7,290		6,550

Shareholders’ equity:	Shareholders’ equity:					Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock and retained earnings, less treasury stock	Common stock and retained earnings, less treasury stock	25,711		25,303		Common stock and retained earnings, less treasury stock	27,387		26,699
Accumulated other comprehensive income	Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,138		640		Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,769		2,502
Total shareholders’ equity	Total shareholders’ equity	27,849		25,943		Total shareholders’ equity	29,156		29,201
Total capitalization	Total capitalization	$	34,899	$	32,501	Total capitalization	$	36,446	$	35,751

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

On ~~April 27, 2020,~~June 8, 2021, the Company issued ~~$500~~$750 million aggregate principal amount of ~~2.55%~~3.05% senior notes that will mature on ~~April 27, 2050.~~June 8, 2051. The Company intends to use the net proceeds ~~to repay the $500 million aggregate principal amount~~ of the ~~Company's 3.90% senior~~ notes ~~that will mature on November 1, 2020.~~for general corporate purposes. See note 9 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the terms of the senior notes.

The following table provides a reconciliation of total capitalization presented in the foregoing table to total capitalization excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity.


(dollars in millions)	(dollars in millions)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019			(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Total capitalization	Total capitalization	$	34,899		$	32,501		Total capitalization	$	36,446		$	35,751
Less: net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	Less: net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	3,812			2,246			Less: net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	3,239			4,074
Total capitalization excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	Total capitalization excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	$	31,087		$	30,255		Total capitalization excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	$	33,207		$	31,677
Debt-to-total capital ratio	Debt-to-total capital ratio	20.2		%	20.2		%	Debt-to-total capital ratio	20.0		%	18.3		%
Debt-to-total capital ratio excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	Debt-to-total capital ratio excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	22.7		%	21.7		%	Debt-to-total capital ratio excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders' equity	22.0		%	20.7		%

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

The debt-to-total capital ratio excluding net unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders’ equity, is calculated by dividing (a) debt by (b) total capitalization excluding net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes, included in shareholders’ equity. Net unrealized gains and losses on investments can be significantly impacted by both interest rate movements and other economic factors. Accordingly, in the opinion of the Company’s management, the debt-to-total capital ratio calculated on this basis provides another useful metric for investors to understand the Company’s financial leverage position. The Company’s ratio of debt-to-total capital excluding after-tax net unrealized investment gains included in shareholders’ equity of ~~22.7%~~22.0% at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 was within the Company’s target range of 15% to 25%.

RATINGS

Ratings are an important factor in assessing the Company’s competitive position in the insurance industry. The Company receives ratings from the following major rating agencies: A.M. Best Company (A.M. Best), Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and Standard & Poor’s Corp. (S&P). ~~There have been no~~The following rating agency ~~actions~~action was taken with respect to the Company since ~~July 23, 2020,~~April 20, 2021, the date on which the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended ~~June 30, 2020~~March 31, 2021 was filed with the SEC. For additional discussion of ratings, see “Part I—Item 1—Business—Ratings” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

•On May 5, 2021, Fitch affirmed all ratings of the Company. The outlook for all ratings is stable.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

For a description of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, refer to “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report. The Company considers its most significant accounting estimates to be those applied to claims and claim adjustment expense reserves and related reinsurance recoverables, ~~investment valuation~~ and impairments ~~and~~of investments, goodwill and other intangible ~~assets impairments.~~assets. Except as shown in the table below, there have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates since December 31, ~~2019.~~2020.

Claims and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

The table below displays the Company’s gross claims and claim adjustment expense reserves by product line. Because ~~the~~ establishment of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates and the application of judgment, currently established claims and claim adjustment expense reserves may change. The Company reflects adjustments to the reserves in the results of operations in the period the estimates are changed. These changes in estimates could result in income statement charges that could be material to the Company’s operating results in future periods. In particular, a portion of the Company’s gross claims and claim adjustment expense reserves (totaling ~~$2.12~~$1.93 billion at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020)~~2021) are for asbestos and environmental claims and related litigation. Asbestos and environmental reserves are included in the General liability, Commercial multi-peril and International and other lines in the summary table below. While the ongoing review of asbestos and environmental claims and associated liabilities considers the inconsistencies of court decisions as to coverage, plaintiffs’ expanded theories of liability and the risks inherent in complex litigation and other uncertainties, in the opinion of the Company’s management, it is possible that the outcome of the continued uncertainties regarding these claims could result in liability in future periods that differs from current reserves by an amount that could be material to the Company’s future

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued~~

operating results. Asbestos and environmental reserves are discussed separately; see “Asbestos Claims and Litigation”, “Environmental Claims and Litigation” and “Uncertainty Regarding Adequacy of Asbestos and Environmental Reserves” in this report.

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, Continued

Gross claims and claim adjustment expense reserves by product line were as follows:


		September 30, 2020										December 31, 2019											June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(in millions)	(in millions)	Case		IBNR		Total		Case		IBNR		Total		(in millions)	Case		IBNR		Total		Case		IBNR		Total
General liability	General liability	$	5,146	$	8,131	$	13,277	$	4,898	$	7,451	$	12,349	General liability	$	5,324	$	8,484	$	13,808	$	5,267	$	8,098	$	13,365
Commercial property	Commercial property	1,046		399		1,445		1,035		312		1,347		Commercial property	1,137		411		1,548		1,006		366		1,372
Commercial multi-peril	Commercial multi-peril	2,317		2,379		4,696		2,148		2,065		4,213		Commercial multi-peril	2,431		2,453		4,884		2,354		2,311		4,665
Commercial automobile	Commercial automobile	2,542		2,164		4,706		2,533		1,872		4,405		Commercial automobile	2,566		2,343		4,909		2,551		2,231		4,782
Workers’ compensation	Workers’ compensation	10,190		9,550		19,740		10,233		9,279		19,512		Workers’ compensation	10,193		9,543		19,736		10,271		9,514		19,785
Fidelity and surety	Fidelity and surety	192		338		530		261		259		520		Fidelity and surety	195		378		573		215		317		532
Personal automobile	Personal automobile	1,900		1,500		3,400		2,019		1,509		3,528		Personal automobile	1,937		1,546		3,483		1,901		1,514		3,415
Homeowners and personal other		845		1,387		2,232		838		871		1,709
Personal homeowners and other														Personal homeowners and other	976		1,357		2,333		901		1,168		2,069
International and other	International and other	2,431		1,949		4,380		2,620		1,633		4,253		International and other	2,524		2,097		4,621		2,565		1,960		4,525
Property-casualty	Property-casualty	26,609		27,797		54,406		26,585		25,251		51,836		Property-casualty	27,283		28,612		55,895		27,031		27,479		54,510
Accident and health	Accident and health	12		—		12		13		—		13		Accident and health	11		—		11		11		—		11
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	26,621	$	27,797	$	54,418	$	26,598	$	25,251	$	51,849	Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	$	27,294	$	28,612	$	55,906	$	27,042	$	27,479	$	54,521

The ~~$2.57~~$1.39 billion increase in gross claims and claim adjustment expense reserves since December 31, ~~2019~~2020 primarily reflected the impacts of (i) catastrophe losses in the first ~~nine~~six months of ~~2020,~~2021, (ii) loss cost trends for the current accident year and (iii) reduced claim settlement activity largely due to the disruptions in the judicial system related to COVID-19.

FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

See note 1 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in this quarterly report and in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

6862

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains, and management may make, certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “likely,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “views,” “estimates” and similar expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements include, among other things, the Company’s statements about:

•the Company’s outlook and its future results of operations and financial condition (including, among other things, anticipated premium volume, premium rates, renewal premium changes, underwriting margins and underlying underwriting margins, net and core income, investment income and performance, loss costs, return on equity, core return on equity and expected current returns, and combined ratios and underlying combined ratios);

•the impact of COVID-19 and related economic conditions, including the potential impact on the Company's investments;

•the impact of legislative or regulatory actions or court decisions taken in response to ~~COVID-19;~~COVID-19 or otherwise;

•share repurchase plans;

•future pension plan contributions;

•the sufficiency of the Company’s asbestos and other reserves;

•the impact of emerging claims issues as well as other insurance and non-insurance litigation;

•the cost and availability of reinsurance coverage;

•catastrophe losses;

•the impact of investment (including changes in interest rates), economic (including inflation, changes in tax law, changes in commodity prices and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates) and underwriting market conditions;

•strategic and operational initiatives to improve profitability and competitiveness;

•the Company's competitive advantages;

•new product offerings;

•the impact of new or potential regulations imposed or to be imposed by the United States or other nations, including tariffs or other barriers to international trade; and

•the impact of developments in the tort environment, such as increased attorney involvement in insurance claims and legislation allowing victims of sexual abuse to file or proceed with claims that otherwise would have been time-barred.

The Company cautions investors that such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond the Company’s control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements.

Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to, the following:

Insurance-Related Risks

•high levels of catastrophe losses, including as a result of factors such as increased concentrations of insured exposures in catastrophe-prone areas, could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, its financial position and/or liquidity, and could adversely impact the Company’s ratings, the Company’s ability to raise capital and the availability and cost of reinsurance;

•if actual claims exceed the Company’s claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, or if changes in the estimated level of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves are necessary, including as a result of, among other things, changes in the legal/tort, regulatory and economic environments in which the Company operates, ~~or the impacts of COVID-19,~~ the Company’s financial results could be materially and adversely affected;

•the impact of COVID-19 and related risks, including on the Company's distribution or other key partners, could materially affect the Company's results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity;

•~~during or following a period of financial market disruption or an economic downturn, such as the current environment, the Company’s business could be materially and adversely affected;~~

•the Company’s investment portfolio is subject to credit and interest rate risk, and may suffer reduced or low returns or material realized or unrealized losses, particularly in the current environment;

•the intense competition that the Company faces, and the impact of innovation, technological change and changing customer preferences on the insurance industry and the markets in which it operates, could harm its ability to maintain or increase its business volumes and its profitability;

•the Company’s business could be harmed because of its potential exposure to asbestos and environmental claims and related litigation;

•disruptions to the Company’s relationships with its independent agents and brokers or the Company’s inability to manage effectively a changing distribution landscape could adversely affect the Company;

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, Continued~~

•the Company is exposed to, and may face adverse developments involving, mass tort claims such as those relating to exposure to potentially harmful products or substances; and

•the effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on the Company’s business are uncertain, and court decisions or legislative ~~or regulatory~~ changes that take place after the Company issues its policies, including those taken in response to COVID-19 (such as effectively expanding workers' compensation coverage by instituting presumptions of compensability of claims for certain types of workers or requiring insurers to cover business interruption claims irrespective of terms, exclusions or other conditions included in the policies that would otherwise preclude coverage), can result in an unexpected increase in the number of claims and have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of ~~operations;~~operations.

Financial, Economic and Credit Risks

•during or following a period of financial market disruption or an economic downturn, the Company’s business could be materially and adversely affected;

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, Continued

•the Company’s investment portfolio is subject to credit and interest rate risk, and may suffer reduced or low returns or material realized or unrealized losses;

•the Company may not be able to collect all amounts due to it from reinsurers, reinsurance coverage may not be available to the Company in the future at commercially reasonable rates or at all and the Company is exposed to credit risk related to its structured settlements;

•the Company is exposed to credit risk in certain of its insurance operations and with respect to certain guarantee or indemnification arrangements that it has with third ~~parties, which risk is heightened in the current environment;~~

•within the United States, the Company’s businesses are heavily regulated by the states in which it conducts business, including licensing, market conduct and financial supervision, and changes in regulation or regulatory actions (including those taken in response to COVID-19) may reduce the Company’s profitability and limit its growth;parties;

•a downgrade in the Company’s claims-paying and financial strength ratings could adversely impact the Company’s business volumes, adversely impact the Company’s ability to access the capital markets and increase the Company’s borrowing costs; and

•the inability of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Company’s holding company in sufficient amounts would harm the Company’s ability to meet its obligations, pay future shareholder dividends and/or make future share ~~repurchases;~~repurchases.

Business and Operational Risks

•the impact of COVID-19 and related risks could materially affect the Company's results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity, including with respect to revenues, claims and claim adjustment expenses, general and administrative expenses, investments, inflation, adverse legislative and/or regulatory action, operational disruptions and heightened cyber security risks and foreign currency exchange rate changes;

•the Company’s efforts to develop new products, expand in targeted markets, or improve business processes and workflows or make acquisitions may not be successful and may create enhanced risks;

•the Company may be adversely affected if its pricing and capital models provide materially different indications than actual results;

•the Company’s business success and profitability depend, in part, on effective information technology systems and on continuing to develop and implement improvements in technology, particularly as its business processes become more digital;

•if the Company experiences difficulties with technology, data and network security (including as a result of cyber attacks), outsourcing relationships or cloud-based technology, the Company’s ability to conduct its business could be negatively impacted. This risk is heightened in the current environment where a majority of the Company's employees have shifted to a work from home arrangement;

•the Company is also subject to a number of additional risks associated with its business outside the United States, such as foreign currency exchange fluctuations (including with respect to the valuation of the Company's foreign investments and interests in joint ventures) and restrictive regulations as well as the risks and uncertainties associated with the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union;

•regulatory changes outside of the United States, including in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and the European Union, could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and limit its growth;

•loss of or significant restrictions on the use of particular types of underwriting criteria, such as credit scoring, or other data or methodologies, in the pricing and underwriting of the Company’s products could reduce the Company’s future profitability;

•~~acquisitions~~ and ~~integration of acquired businesses may result in operating difficulties and other unintended consequences;~~

•the Company is subject to additional risks associated with its business outside the United States.

Technology and Intellectual Property Risks

•if, as a result of cyber attacks or otherwise, the Company experiences difficulties with technology, data and network security, outsourcing relationships or cloud-based technology, the Company’s ability to conduct its business could be ~~adversely affected if its controls designed to ensure compliance with guidelines, policies and legal and regulatory standards are not effective;~~negatively impacted;

•the Company’s ~~businesses may be adversely affected if it is unable~~business success and profitability depend, in part, on effective information technology systems and on continuing to ~~hire~~develop and ~~retain qualified employees;~~implement improvements in technology, particularly as its business processes become more digital; and

•intellectual property is important to the Company’s business, and the Company may be unable to protect and enforce its own intellectual property or the Company may be subject to claims for infringing the intellectual property of ~~others;~~others.

Regulatory and Compliance Risks

•the Company's businesses are heavily regulated by the states and countries in which it conducts business, including licensing, market conduct and financial supervision, and changes in ~~federal~~ regulation, ~~could impose significant burdens on~~including higher tax rates, may reduce the ~~Company,~~Company's profitability and ~~otherwise adversely impact the Company’s results;~~

•~~changes in U.S. tax laws or in the tax laws of other jurisdictions where the Company operates could adversely impact the Company;~~limit its growth; and

•the Company could be adversely affected if its controls designed to ensure compliance with guidelines, policies and legal and regulatory standards are not effective.

In addition, the Company’s share repurchase plans depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial position, earnings, share price, catastrophe losses, maintaining capital levels commensurate with the Company’s desired ratings from independent rating agencies, changes in levels of written premiums, funding of the Company’s qualified pension plan, capital requirements of the Company’s operating subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, other investment

7064

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, Continued

~~investment~~ opportunities (including mergers and acquisitions and related financings), market conditions and other factors, including the ongoing level of uncertainty related to COVID-19.

The Company’s forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements. For a more detailed discussion of these factors, see the information under the captions “Part ~~II—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part~~ I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" herein and “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report, in each case as updated by the Company's periodic filings with the SEC.

WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA DISCLOSURE

The Company may use its website and/or social media outlets, such as Facebook and Twitter, as distribution channels of material company information. Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Company’s website at http://investor.travelers.com, its Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/travelers and its Twitter account (@Travelers) at https://twitter.com/Travelers. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Notifications” section under the ~~"For Investors" heading~~“Investor Toolkit” section at http://investor.travelers.com.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For the Company’s disclosures about market risk, please see “Part II—Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes to the Company’s disclosures about market risk in Part II—Item 7A of the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020.~~2021. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020,~~2021, the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

~~In addition,~~During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company transitioned its lockbox premium remittance processing for Personal Insurance to a new third-party vendor and implemented a cloud-based technology to utilize a software-assisted account reconciliation process across the Company. The change in lockbox vendor resulted in certain changes to business processes and, along with the new account reconciliation process, changes in internal control over financial reporting. Other than these two items, there ~~was~~were no ~~change~~changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 that ~~has~~have materially affected, or isare reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Management reviewed and tested the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting related to these two items and concluded they were effective.

The Company regularly seeks to identify, develop and implement improvements to its technology systems and business processes, some of which may affect its internal control over financial reporting. These changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, updating existing systems or platforms, automating manual processes or utilizing technology developed by third parties. These systems changes are often phased in over multiple periods in order to limit the implementation risk in any one period, and as each change is implemented the Company monitors its effectiveness as part of its internal control over financial reporting.

7165

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information required with respect to this item can be found under “Contingencies” in note 15 of notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in this quarterly report and is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

For a discussion of the Company’s potential risks or uncertainties, please see “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” and “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report and "Part I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein, in each case as updated by the Company's periodic filings with the SEC. ~~Other than as described below, there~~There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I—Item 1A of the Company’s ~~2019~~2020 Annual Report.

~~The impact of COVID-19 and related risks could materially affect our results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity.~~

Beginning in March 2020, the global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19 began to impact the global economy and our results of operations. For a discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business to date, please see “Part I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Impact of COVID-19 and Related Economic Conditions.” Because of the size and breadth of this pandemic, all of the direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19 are not yet known and are likely to continue to emerge for some time. Risks presented by the ongoing effects of COVID-19 include the following:

•~~Revenues.~~ We expect that the impact of COVID-19 on general economic activity will continue to negatively impact our premium volumes. We expect this impact will further persist for the remainder of 2020 and beyond, but the degree of the impact will depend on the extent and duration of the economic contraction. As a result of the impact of the pandemic on the Company’s earned premiums, the Company has experienced, and may continue to experience in the near term, an adverse impact on the underwriting expense ratio.

•~~Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses.~~ We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur in future periods, higher claim and claim adjustment expenses in certain lines of business as a result of COVID-19 due to increases in frequency and/or severity of claims. For example, we are experiencing elevated frequency and severity in our workers’ compensation lines related to compensable claims by workers who demonstrate that the injury or illness arose both out of and in the course of their employment, including, as discussed below, as a result of legislative or regulatory action to effectively expand workers’ compensation coverage by creating presumptions of compensability for certain types of workers. In addition, concerns about seeking medical care could complicate, delay and/or extend treatment. We may also experience elevated frequency and severity in our liability coverages as a result of plaintiffs’ lawyers seeking to generate COVID-19-related claim activity against or on behalf of our insureds. Frequency and severity could also increase with respect to our auto and property coverages due to, among other things, disruptions in supply chains and changes in business practices and individual behaviors resulting from the stay-at-home and social distancing measures. For example, we may experience increased exposure in industries with delivery services; elevated fire, water and crime claims at unoccupied/closed businesses; delayed reporting and settlement of claims due to limited access to business locations; arson; collisions at faster speeds; increased first party medical losses in certain jurisdictions; and reduced repair shop and/or parts availability, among other things. We have experienced some elevated frequency, and there is the potential for additional elevated frequency, in certain product lines, such as directors’ and officers’ liability insurance claims related to alleged mismanagement or other failures as well as increased securities class actions, and employment practices liability insurance claims related to furloughs and lay-offs of employees. In our commercial surety lines, there is the potential for elevated frequency and severity due to an increase in the number of bankruptcies, especially in distressed industries such as transportation and energy. In construction surety, there is the potential for elevated losses if contractors experience shutdowns, which could negatively impact their cash flows, or experience disruptions in their supply chains, unavailability of labor or increased costs for materials, each of which drives up their costs. In addition, the short-term and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on our various product lines could be different. The potential also exists for elevated frequency and severity related to business interruption coverages as result of litigation or, as discussed below under "Adverse Legislative and Regulatory Action," in the event of legislative action to retroactively mandate coverage irrespective of terms, exclusions or other conditions included in the policies that would otherwise preclude coverage.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Item 1A. RISK FACTORS, Continued~~

In addition, the anticipated and unknown risks related to COVID-19 cause additional uncertainty in the process of estimating claims and claim adjustment expense reserves. For example, the behavior of claimants and policyholders may change in unexpected ways (for example, we may experience an increase in the number of fraudulent claims), the disruption to the court system may impact the timing and amounts of claims settlements and the actions taken by governmental bodies, both legislative and regulatory, in reaction to COVID-19 and their related impacts are hard to predict. As a result, our estimated level of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves may change. We are also subject to credit risk in our insurance operations which may be exacerbated in times of economic distress. For a further discussion, see “Part I—Item IA—Risk Factors—We are exposed to credit risk in certain of our insurance operations and with respect to certain guarantee or indemnification arrangements that we have with third parties” and “If actual claims exceed our claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, or if changes in the estimated level of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves are necessary, including as a result of, among other things, changes in the legal/tort, regulatory and economic environments in which the Company operates, our financial results could be materially and adversely affected” in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.

•~~General and Administrative Expenses.~~ We have incurred, and may continue to incur, general and administrative expenses due to increased estimated credit losses on premiums receivable and increased estimated credit losses related to contractholder receivables for amounts due on loss sensitive business.

•~~Investments.~~ The disruption in the financial markets related to COVID-19 has contributed to net realized investment losses, primarily due to the impact of changes in fair value on our equity investments and, to a lesser extent, impairments in our fixed-income investment portfolio. Our corporate fixed income portfolio may be adversely impacted by ratings downgrades, increased bankruptcies and credit spread widening in distressed industries, such as energy, gaming, lodging and leisure, autos, airlines and retail. In addition, in recent years, many state and local governments have been operating under deficits or projected deficits. These deficits in many cases have been, and likely will continue to be, exacerbated by the costs of responding to COVID-19 and reduced tax revenues due to adverse economic conditions. The severity and duration of these deficits could have an adverse impact on the collectibility and valuation of our municipal bond portfolio. Our investment portfolio also includes residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities and wholly-owned real estate, all of which could be adversely impacted by declines in real estate valuations and/or financial market disruption, including a heightened collection risk on the underlying mortgages and on rent receivables. Further disruptions in global financial markets due to the continuing impact of COVID-19 could result in additional net realized investment losses, including potential impairments in our fixed income portfolio. In addition, declines in fixed income yields would result in decreases in net investment income from future investment activity, including re-investments. Further disruptions in global financial markets could also adversely impact our net investment income in future periods from our non-fixed income investment portfolio, including the private equity, hedge fund and real estate partnerships in which we are invested and could also result in net realized investment losses resulting from potential impairments in that portfolio. For further discussion of the risks related to our investment portfolio see “Our investment portfolio is subject to credit and interest rate risk, and may suffer reduced or low returns or material realized or unrealized losses” included in “Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors” in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.

•~~Inflation.~~ It is possible that changes in economic conditions and steps taken by the federal government and the Federal Reserve in response to COVID-19 could lead to higher inflation than we had anticipated, which could in turn lead to an increase in our loss costs and the need to strengthen claims and claim adjustment expense reserves. These impacts of inflation on loss costs and claims and claim adjustment expense reserves could be more pronounced for those lines of business that require a relatively longer period of time to finalize and settle claims for a given accident year and, accordingly, are relatively more inflation sensitive. For a further discussion, see “Part I—Item IA—Risk Factors—If actual claims exceed our claims and claim adjustment expense reserves, or if changes in the estimated level of claims and claim adjustment expense reserves are necessary, including as a result of, among other things, changes in the legal/tort, regulatory and economic environments in which the Company operates, our financial results could be materially and adversely affected” in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report. Inflation could also adversely impact our general and administrative expenses. Changes in interest rates caused by inflation affect the carrying value of our fixed maturity investments and returns on our fixed maturity and short-term investments. An increase in interest rates reduces the market value of existing fixed maturity investments, thereby negatively impacting our book value.

•~~Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes.~~ As a result of our business outside of the United States, primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom (including Lloyd’s), the Republic of Ireland and in Brazil through a joint venture, our shareholders' equity is also subject to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In the first nine months

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

~~Item 1A. RISK FACTORS, Continued~~

of 2020, our shareholders’ equity was adversely impacted as result of an increase in unrealized losses on foreign currency exchange translation attributable to COVID-19 and the associated strengthening of the U.S. dollar in comparison to other currencies. Further strengthening of the U.S. dollar could result in a further reduction of shareholders’ equity.

•~~Adverse Legislative and/or Regulatory Action.~~ Federal, state and/or local government actions to address and contain the impact of COVID-19 have adversely affected us and may adversely affect us in the future. For example, we are subject to legislative and/or regulatory action that seeks to retroactively mandate coverage for losses which our insurance policies were not designed or priced to cover. Currently, in some states there is proposed legislation to require insurers to cover business interruption claims irrespective of terms, exclusions or other conditions included in the policies that would otherwise preclude coverage. In addition, a number of states have instituted, and other states are considering instituting, changes designed to effectively expand workers' compensation coverage by creating presumptions of compensability of claims for certain types of workers. Regulatory restrictions or requirements have impacted or may impact pricing, risk selection and our rights and obligations with respect to our policies and insureds, including our ability to cancel and non-renew policies and to collect premiums. Several state regulators have issued orders, and may issue additional orders, requiring insurers to issue premium refunds, and regulators in other states could take similar actions. Many insurers, including us, have also voluntarily provided, and may further provide, premium refunds to their customers. It is also possible that changes in economic conditions and steps taken by federal, state and local governments in response to COVID-19 could require an increase in taxes at the federal, state and local levels, which would adversely impact our results of operations.

•~~Operational Disruptions and Heightened Cybersecurity Risks.~~ Our operations could be disrupted if key members of our senior management or a significant percentage of our workforce or the workforce of our agents, brokers, suppliers or outsourcing providers are unable to continue to work because of illness, government directives or otherwise. In addition, the interruption of our or their system capabilities could result in a deterioration of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer service, pay claims in a timely manner or perform other necessary business functions. Having shifted to remote working arrangements, we also face a heightened risk of cybersecurity attacks or data security incidents and are more dependent on internet and telecommunications access and capabilities. For a further discussion, see “Part I—Item IA—Risk Factors—If we experience difficulties with technology, data and network security (including as a result of cyber attacks), outsourcing relationships or cloud-based technology, our ability to conduct our business could be negatively impacted” in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report.

As a result of the above risks, COVID-19 could materially and adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and/or liquidity. For a further discussion of risks that can impact us as a result of an economic downturn, see "During or following a period of financial market disruption or an economic downturn, our business could be materially and adversely affected" included in "Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors" in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report and “Part I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Outlook” herein.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases by the Company of its common stock during the periods indicated.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period Beginning Period Ending Total number of
shares
purchased Average price paid
per share Total number of
shares purchased
as part of
publicly announced
plans or programs Approximate
dollar value of
shares that may
yet be purchased
under the
plans or programs
(in millions)
July 1, 2020 July 31, 2020 413 $ 115.78 — $ 1,361
August 1, 2020 August 31, 2020 733 $ 116.28 — $ 1,361
September 1, 2020 September 30, 2020 222 $ 115.40 — $ 1,361
Total 1,368 $ 115.99 — $ 1,361


Period Beginning	Period Ending	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)
April 1, 2021	April 30, 2021	258	$	150.05	—	$	5,805
May 1, 2021	May 31, 2021	1,355,484	$	158.51	1,354,825	$	5,590
June 1, 2021	June 30, 2021	1,190,235	$	155.66	1,190,235	$	5,405
Total		2,545,977	$	157.18	2,545,060	$	5,405

The Company’s Board of Directors has approved common share repurchase authorizations under which repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in private transactions or otherwise. The ~~authorizations do not have a stated expiration date. The~~ most recent authorization was approved by the Board of Directors inon April ~~2017~~20, 2021 and added $5.0 billion of repurchase capacity to the ~~$709~~$805 million capacity remaining at that date. The authorizations do not have a stated expiration date. The timing and actual number of shares to be repurchased in the future will depend on a variety of factors, including the Company’s financial position, earnings, share price, catastrophe losses, maintaining capital levels commensurate with the Company’s desired ratings from independent rating agencies, funding of the Company’s qualified pension plan, capital requirements of the Company’s operating subsidiaries, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, other investment opportunities (including mergers and acquisitions and related financings), market conditions and other factors. Given the continuing impact of the economic and other uncertainties associated with COVID-19 on the foregoing factors, the Company may continue to reduce or eliminate its share repurchase activity at least in the near term.

The Company ~~did not acquire any common shares under the share repurchase authorization during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company~~ acquired ~~1,368~~917 shares for a total cost of approximately ~~$159,000~~$144,000 during the three months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 that were not part of the publicly announced share repurchase ~~authorization.~~authorizations. These shares consisted of shares retained to cover payroll withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock unit awards and performance share awards, and shares used by employees to cover the price of certain stock options that were exercised.

For additional information regarding the Company’s share repurchases, see “Part I—Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Executive Ownership and Sales. All of the Company’s executive officers are subject to the Company’s executive stock ownership policy. For a summary of this policy as currently in effect, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Additional

Compensation Information—Stock Ownership Guidelines, Anti-Hedging and Pledging Policies, and Other Trading Restrictions” in the Company’s proxy statement filed with the SEC on April ~~3, 2020 (Proxy Statement).~~2, 2021. From time to time, some of the Company’s executives may determine that it is advisable to diversify their investments for personal financial planning reasons,

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION, Continued

or may seek liquidity for other reasons, and may, in compliance with the stock ownership policy, sell shares of common stock of the Company on the open market, in private transactions or to the Company. To effect such sales, from time to time, some of the Company’s executives may enter into trading plans designed to comply with the Company’s Securities Trading Policy and the provisions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The trading plans will not reduce any of the executives’ ownership of the Company’s shares below the applicable executive stock ownership guidelines. The Company does not undertake any obligation to report Rule 10b5-1 plans that may be adopted by any employee or director of the Company in the future, or to report any modifications or termination of any publicly announced plan. As of the date of this report, none of the Company's "named executive officers" (i.e. an executive officer included in the compensation disclosures in the Company's most recent ~~Proxy Statement)~~proxy statement) has entered into a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan that remains in effect.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

Item 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number						Description of Exhibit

3.1						Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of The Travelers Companies, Inc., as amended and restated May 23, 2013, were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2013, and are incorporated herein by reference.

3.2						Bylaws of The Travelers Companies, Inc. as Amended and Restated October 22, 2019 were filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019, and are incorporated herein by reference.

10.1*						The Travelers Companies, Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

10.2†*						Current Director Compensation Program, effective as of May 20, 2021.

31.1†						Certification of Alan D. Schnitzer, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2†						Certification of Daniel S. Frey, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1†						Certification of Alan D. Schnitzer, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2†						Certification of Daniel S. Frey, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, as required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.1†						The following information from The Travelers Companies, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019;~~2020; (ii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019;~~2020; (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheet at ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and December 31, ~~2019;~~2020; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months and ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019;~~2020; (v) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~six months ended ~~September~~June 30, ~~2020~~2021 and ~~2019;~~2020; (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and (vii) the cover page.

104.1						Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101.1).

~~_________________________________________________________~~† Filed herewith.

†* Management contract or compensatory plan in which directors and/or executive officers are eligible to participate~~Filed herewith.~~.

The total amount of securities authorized pursuant to any instrument defining rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. Therefore, the Company is not filing any instruments evidencing long-term debt. However, the Company will furnish copies of any such instrument to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

Copies of any of the exhibits referred to above will be furnished to security holders who make written request therefor to The Travelers Companies, Inc., 385 Washington Street, Saint Paul, MN 55102, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure except for the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for other than that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by the Company in these agreements or other

THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and do not apply in any other context or at any time other than the date they were made.

~~THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES~~

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, The Travelers Companies, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		THE TRAVELERS COMPANIES, INC.
		(Registrant)

Date: ~~October~~July 20, ~~2020~~2021	By	/S/ CHRISTINE K. KALLA
		Christine K. Kalla Executive Vice President and General Counsel (Authorized Signatory)

Date: ~~October~~July 20, ~~2020~~2021	By	/S/ DOUGLAS K. RUSSELL
		Douglas K. Russell Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

7768


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	1,387	$	1,749
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized investment (gains) losses	48		(101)
Depreciation and amortization	577		581
Deferred federal income tax benefit	(67)		(10)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	3,558		3,420
Equity in (income) loss from other investments	32		(196)
Premiums receivable	(324)		(611)
Reinsurance recoverables	(150)		212
Deferred acquisition costs	(3,694)		(3,619)
Claims and claim adjustment expense reserves	2,673		927
Unearned premium reserves	960		1,350
Other	(382)		91
Net cash provided by operating activities	4,618		3,793
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturities	5,241		4,895
Proceeds from sales of investments:
Fixed maturities	1,994		1,801
Equity securities	76		99

Other investments	184		346
Purchases of investments:
Fixed maturities	(9,951)		(8,234)
Equity securities	(80)		(62)
Real estate investments	(33)		(95)
Other investments	(321)		(369)
Net purchases of short-term securities	(1,387)		(617)
Securities transactions in course of settlement	522		432

Other	(222)		(243)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,977)		(2,047)

Cash flows from financing activities
Treasury stock acquired — share repurchase authorization	(425)		(1,125)
Treasury stock acquired — net employee share-based compensation	(46)		(47)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(643)		(633)
Payment of debt	0		(500)
Issuance of debt	490		492
Issuance of common stock — employee share options	72		206
Net cash used in financing activities	(552)		(1,607)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	0		(4)
Net increase in cash	89		135
Cash at beginning of year	494		373
Cash at end of period	$	583	$	508

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Income taxes paid	$	413	$	367
Interest paid	$	226	$	231


(in millions)	Real Estate Lease Liability

Remainder of 2020	$	27
2021	100
2022	76
2023	56
2024	40
Thereafter	63
Total undiscounted lease payments	362
Less: present value adjustment	25
Operating lease liability	$	337